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Zheng DM, Wang X, Liu Q, Sun YR, Ma WT, Li L, Yang Z, Tcherkez G, Adams MA, Yang Y, Gong XY. Temperature responses of leaf respiration in light and darkness are similar and modulated by leaf development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1435-1446. [PMID: 37997699 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to predict temperature responses of leaf respiration in light and darkness (RL and RDk ) is essential to models of global carbon dynamics. While many models rely on constant thermal sensitivity (characterized by Q10 ), uncertainty remains as to whether Q10 of RL and RDk are actually similar. We measured short-term temperature responses of RL and RDk in immature and mature leaves of two evergreen tree species, Castanopsis carlesii and Ormosia henry in an open field. RL was estimated by the Kok method, the Yin method and a newly developed Kok-iterCc method. When estimated by the Yin and Kok-iterCc methods, RL and RDk had similar Q10 (c. 2.5). The Kok method overestimated both Q10 and the light inhibition of respiration. RL /RDk was not affected by leaf temperature. Acclimation of respiration in summer was associated with a decline in basal respiration but not in Q10 in both species, which was related to changes in leaf nitrogen content between seasons. Q10 of RL and RDk in mature leaves were 40% higher than in immature leaves. Our results suggest similar Q10 values can be used to model RL and RDk while leaf development-associated changes in Q10 require special consideration in future respiration models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ming Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Yan Ran Sun
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Wei Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365000, China
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRAe, Université d'Angers, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mark A Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365000, China
| | - Xiao Ying Gong
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fuzhou, 350117, China
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Inoue T, Akaji Y, Baba S, Noguchi K. Temperature dependence of O 2 respiration in mangrove leaves and roots: implications for seedling dispersal phenology. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:100-112. [PMID: 36156265 PMCID: PMC10091777 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal differences in diaspore dispersal of three mangrove species, Kandelia obovata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora stylosa, suggest that respiratory energy production and demand may differ as a result of interspecific differences in temperature dependence of growth and maintenance processes during seedling establishment. We analyzed growth, temperature dependencies of respiratory O2 consumption and amounts of respiratory chain enzymes in seedlings of these species grown at various temperatures. Respiration rates measured at the low reference temperature, RREF , were highest in leaves of 15°C-grown K. obovata, whose dispersal occurs in the cold season, while root RREF of 15°C-grown R. stylosa was 60% those of the other species, possibly because of warm conditions during its establishment phase. In leaves and roots of K. obovata and leaves of R. stylosa, the overall activation energy, Eo , changed with growth temperature associated with changes in the ratios of the amount of protein in the two respiratory pathways. However, Eo of seedlings of B. gymnorrhiza, which has a long dispersal phase, were constant and independent of growth temperature. The different temperature responses of seedling respiration and growth among these three species may reflect the seasonal temperature range of seedling dispersal and establishment in each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Inoue
- National Institute for Environmental Studies16‐2 Onogawa TsukubaIbaraki305‐8506Japan
| | - Yasuaki Akaji
- National Institute for Environmental Studies16‐2 Onogawa TsukubaIbaraki305‐8506Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Baba
- International Society for Mangrove EcosystemsUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaOkinawa903‐0129Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life ScienceTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences1432‐1 Horinouchi HachiojiTokyo192‐0392Japan
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Faber AH, Griffin KL, Tjoelker MG, Pagter M, Yang J, Bruhn D. Consistent diurnal pattern of leaf respiration in the light among contrasting species and climates. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:71-85. [PMID: 35727175 PMCID: PMC9544685 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaf daytime respiration (leaf respiration in the light, RL ) is often assumed to constitute a fixed fraction of leaf dark respiration (RD ) (i.e. a fixed light inhibition of respiration (RD )) and vary diurnally due to temperature fluctuations. These assumptions were tested by measuring RL , RD and the light inhibition of RD in the field at a constant temperature using the Kok method. Measurements were conducted diurnally on 21 different species: 13 deciduous, four evergreen and four herbaceous from humid continental and humid subtropical climates. RL and RD showed significant diurnal variations and the diurnal pattern differed in trajectory and magnitude between climates, but not between plant functional types (PFTs). The light inhibition of RD varied diurnally and differed between climates and in trajectory between PFTs. The results highlight the entrainment of leaf daytime respiration to the diurnal cycle and that time of day should be accounted for in studies seeking to examine the environmental and biological drivers of leaf daytime respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H. Faber
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityFredrik Bajers Vej 7H9220AalborgDenmark
| | - Kevin L. Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesColumbia UniversityPalisadesNY10964USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
- Lamont‐Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisadesNY10964USA
| | - Mark G. Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2750Australia
| | - Majken Pagter
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityFredrik Bajers Vej 7H9220AalborgDenmark
| | - Jinyan Yang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2750Australia
| | - Dan Bruhn
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityFredrik Bajers Vej 7H9220AalborgDenmark
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4
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Respiratory and Photosynthetic Responses of Antarctic Vascular Plants Are Differentially Affected by CO2 Enrichment and Nocturnal Warming. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111520. [PMID: 35684292 PMCID: PMC9182836 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Projected rises in atmospheric CO2 concentration and minimum night-time temperatures may have important effects on plant carbon metabolism altering the carbon balance of the only two vascular plant species in the Antarctic Peninsula. We assessed the effect of nocturnal warming (8/5 °C vs. 8/8 °C day/night) and CO2 concentrations (400 ppm and 750 ppm) on gas exchange, non-structural carbohydrates, two respiratory-related enzymes, and mitochondrial size and number in two species of vascular plants. In Colobanthus quitensis, light-saturated photosynthesis measured at 400 ppm was reduced when plants were grown in the elevated CO2 or in the nocturnal warming treatments. Growth in elevated CO2 reduced stomatal conductance but nocturnal warming did not. The short-term sensitivity of respiration, relative protein abundance, and mitochondrial traits were not responsive to either treatment in this species. Moreover, some acclimation to nocturnal warming at ambient CO2 was observed. Altogether, these responses in C. quitensis led to an increase in the respiration-assimilation ratio in plants grown in elevated CO2. The response of Deschampsia antarctica to the experimental treatments was quite distinct. Photosynthesis was not affected by either treatment; however, respiration acclimated to temperature in the elevated CO2 treatment. The observed short-term changes in thermal sensitivity indicate type I acclimation of respiration. Growth in elevated CO2 and nocturnal warming resulted in a reduction in mitochondrial numbers and an increase in mitochondrial size in D. antarctica. Overall, our results suggest that with climate change D. antarctica could be more successful than C. quitensis, due to its ability to make metabolic adjustments to maintain its carbon balance.
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Inoue T, Yamada Y, Noguchi K. Growth temperature affects O 2 consumption rates and plasticity of respiratory flux to support shoot growth at various growth temperatures. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:133-146. [PMID: 34719799 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of respiration rates and their acclimation to growth temperature vary among species/ecotypes, but the details remain unclear. Here, we compared the temperature dependence of shoot O2 consumption rates among Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes to clarify how the temperature dependence and their acclimation to temperature differ among ecotypes, and how these differences relate to shoot growth. We examined growth analysis, temperature dependence of O2 consumption rates, and protein amounts of the respiratory chain components in shoots of twelve ecotypes of A. thaliana grown at three different temperatures. The temperature dependence of the O2 consumption rates were fitted to the modified Arrhenius model. The dynamic response of activation energy to measurement temperature was different among growth temperatures, suggesting that the plasticity of respiratory flux to temperatures differs among growth temperatures. The similar values of activation energy at growth temperature among ecotypes suggest that a similar process may determine the O2 consumption rates at the growth temperature in any ecotype. These results suggest that the growth temperature affects not only the absolute rate of O2 consumption but also the plasticity of respiratory flux in response to temperature, supporting the acclimation of shoot growth to various temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Inoue
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamada
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Sturchio MA, Chieppa J, Chapman SK, Canas G, Aspinwall MJ. Temperature acclimation of leaf respiration differs between marsh and mangrove vegetation in a coastal wetland ecotone. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:612-629. [PMID: 34653300 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Temperature acclimation of leaf respiration (R) is an important determinant of ecosystem responses to temperature and the magnitude of temperature-CO2 feedbacks as climate warms. Yet, the extent to which temperature acclimation of R exhibits a common pattern across different growth conditions, ecosystems, and plant functional types remains unclear. Here, we measured the short-term temperature response of R at six time points over a 10-month period in two coastal wetland species (Avicennia germinans [C3 mangrove] and Spartina alterniflora [C4 marsh grass]) growing under ambient and experimentally warmed temperatures at two sites in a marsh-mangrove ecotone. Leaf nitrogen (N) was determined on a subsample of leaves to explore potential coupling of R and N. We hypothesized that both species would reduce R at 25°C (R25 ) and the short-term temperature sensitivity of R (Q10 ) as air temperature (Tair ) increased across seasons, but the decline would be stronger in Avicennia than in Spartina. For each species, we hypothesized that seasonal temperature acclimation of R would be equivalent in plants grown under ambient and warmed temperatures, demonstrating convergent acclimation. Surprisingly, Avicennia generally increased R25 with increasing growth temperature, although the Q10 declined as seasonal temperatures increased and did so consistently across sites and treatments. Weak temperature acclimation resulted in reduced homeostasis of R in Avicennia. Spartina reduced R25 and the Q10 as seasonal temperatures increased. In Spartina, seasonal temperature acclimation was largely consistent across sites and treatments resulting in greater respiratory homeostasis. We conclude that co-occurring coastal wetland species may show contrasting patterns of respiratory temperature acclimation. Nonetheless, leaf N scaled positively with R25 in both species, highlighting the importance of leaf N in predicting respiratory capacity across a range of growth temperatures. The patterns of respiratory temperature acclimation shown here may improve the predictions of temperature controls of CO2 fluxes in coastal wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Sturchio
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jeff Chieppa
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Samantha K Chapman
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriela Canas
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael J Aspinwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Stinziano JR, Roback C, Sargent D, Murphy BK, Hudson PJ, Muir CD. Principles of resilient coding for plant ecophysiologists. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab059. [PMID: 34646435 PMCID: PMC8501907 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant ecophysiology is founded on a rich body of physical and chemical theory, but it is challenging to connect theory with data in unambiguous, analytically rigorous and reproducible ways. Custom scripts written in computer programming languages (coding) enable plant ecophysiologists to model plant processes and fit models to data reproducibly using advanced statistical techniques. Since many ecophysiologists lack formal programming education, we have yet to adopt a unified set of coding principles and standards that could make coding easier to learn, use and modify. We identify eight principles to help in plant ecophysiologists without much programming experience to write resilient code: (i) standardized nomenclature, (ii) consistency in style, (iii) increased modularity/extensibility for easier editing and understanding, (iv) code scalability for application to large data sets, (v) documented contingencies for code maintenance, (vi) documentation to facilitate user understanding; (vii) extensive tutorials and (viii) unit testing and benchmarking. We illustrate these principles using a new R package, {photosynthesis}, which provides a set of analytical and simulation tools for plant ecophysiology. Our goal with these principles is to advance scientific discovery in plant ecophysiology by making it easier to use code for simulation and data analysis, reproduce results and rapidly incorporate new biological understanding and analytical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jospeh R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Cassaundra Roback
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Demi Sargent
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2753, Australia
| | - Bridget K Murphy
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Patrick J Hudson
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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8
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Ishida A, Nakamura T, Saiki ST, Yoshimura J, Kakishima S. Evolutionary loss of thermal acclimation accompanied by periodic monocarpic mass flowering in Strobilanthes flexicaulis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14273. [PMID: 34253817 PMCID: PMC8275617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While life history, physiology and molecular phylogeny in plants have been widely studied, understanding how physiology changes with the evolution of life history change remains largely unknown. In two closely related understory Strobilanthes plants, the molecular phylogeny has previously shown that the monocarpic 6-year masting S. flexicaulis have evolved from a polycarpic perennial, represented by the basal clade S. tashiroi. The polycarpic S. tashiroi exhibited seasonal thermal acclimation with increased leaf respiratory and photosynthetic metabolism in winter, whereas the monocarpic S. flexicaulis showed no thermal acclimation. The monocarpic S. flexicaulis required rapid height growth after germination under high intraspecific competition, and the respiration and N allocation were biased toward nonphotosynthetic tissues. By contrast, in the long-lived polycarpic S. tashiroi, these allocations were biased toward photosynthetic tissues. The life-history differences between the monocarpic S. flexicaulis and the polycarpic S. tashiroi are represented by the “height growth” and “assimilation” paradigms, respectively, which are controlled by different patterns of respiration and nitrogen regulation in leaves. The obtained data indicate that the monocarpic S. flexicaulis with the evolutionary loss of thermal acclimation may exhibit increased vulnerability to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ishida
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Nakamura
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Shin-Taro Saiki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Jin Yoshimura
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.,The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kakishima
- Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, National Museum of Nature and Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan.
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Inoue T, Noguchi K. Theoretical analysis of a temperature-dependent model of respiratory O 2 consumption using the kinetics of the cytochrome and alternative pathways. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1810-1821. [PMID: 32984969 PMCID: PMC7821261 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Temperature dependence of plant respiratory O2 -consumption has been empirically described by the Arrhenius equation. The slope of the Arrhenius plot (which is proportional to activation energy) sometimes deviates from a constant value. We conducted kinetic model simulations of mitochondrial electron flow dynamics to clarify factors affecting the shape of the Arrhenius plot. We constructed a kinetic model of respiration in which competitive O2 -consumption by the cytochrome pathway (CP) and the alternative pathway (AP) were considered, and we used this model to describe the temperature dependence of respiratory O2 -consumption of Arabidopsis. The model indicated that the electron partitioning and activation energy differences between CP and AP were reflected in the slope and magnitude of the dependent variables of the Arrhenius plot. When the electron partitioning and activation energies of CP and AP were constant with temperature change, our model suggested that the Arrhenius plot would be almost linear. When the electron partitioning or activation energy of CP, or both, rapidly changed with temperature, the Arrhenius plot deviated from linearity, as reported in previous experimental studies. Our simulation analysis quantitatively linked the kinetic model parameters with physiological mechanisms underlying the instantaneous temperature dependence of plant respiration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Inoue
- National Institute for Environmental Studies16‐2 Onogawa TsukubaIbaraki305‐8506Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- Department of Life ScienceTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences1432‐1 Horinouchi HachiojiTokyo192‐0392Japan
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10
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Zhu L, Bloomfield KJ, Asao S, Tjoelker MG, Egerton JJG, Hayes L, Weerasinghe LK, Creek D, Griffin KL, Hurry V, Liddell M, Meir P, Turnbull MH, Atkin OK. Acclimation of leaf respiration temperature responses across thermally contrasting biomes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1312-1325. [PMID: 32931621 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Short-term temperature response curves of leaf dark respiration (R-T) provide insights into a critical process that influences plant net carbon exchange. This includes how respiratory traits acclimate to sustained changes in the environment. Our study analysed 860 high-resolution R-T (10-70°C range) curves for: (a) 62 evergreen species measured in two contrasting seasons across several field sites/biomes; and (b) 21 species (subset of those sampled in the field) grown in glasshouses at 20°C : 15°C, 25°C : 20°C and 30°C : 25°C, day : night. In the field, across all sites/seasons, variations in R25 (measured at 25°C) and the leaf T where R reached its maximum (Tmax ) were explained by growth T (mean air-T of 30-d before measurement), solar irradiance and vapour pressure deficit, with growth T having the strongest influence. R25 decreased and Tmax increased with rising growth T across all sites and seasons with the single exception of winter at the cool-temperate rainforest site where irradiance was low. The glasshouse study confirmed that R25 and Tmax thermally acclimated. Collectively, the results suggest: (1) thermal acclimation of leaf R is common in most biomes; and (2) the high T threshold of respiration dynamically adjusts upward when plants are challenged with warmer and hotter climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Keith J Bloomfield
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Shinichi Asao
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - John J G Egerton
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 116, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Lucy Hayes
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Danielle Creek
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- INRAE Univ. Clermont-Auvergne, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Vaughan Hurry
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 84, Sweden
| | - Michael Liddell
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
| | - Patrick Meir
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Matthew H Turnbull
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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11
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Xu M, Liáng LL, Kirschbaum MUF, Fang S, Yu Y. Short-Term Temperature Response of Leaf Respiration in Different Subtropical Urban Tree Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:628995. [PMID: 33519882 PMCID: PMC7841330 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.628995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaf respiration is one of the critical components of the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. To predict changes of carbon emissions from leaves to the atmosphere under a warming climate, it is, therefore, important to understand the thermodynamics of the temperature response of leaf respiration. In this study, we measured the short-term temperature response of leaf respiration from five different urban tree species in a subtropical region of southern China. We applied two models, including an empirical model (the Kavanau model) and a mechanistic model (Macromolecular Rate Theory, MMRT), to investigate the thermodynamic properties in different plant species. Both models are equivalent in fitting measurements of the temperature response of leaf respiration with no significant difference (p = 0.67) in model efficiency, while MMRT provides an easy way to determine the thermodynamic properties, i.e., enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of activation, for plant respiration. We found a conserved temperature response in the five studied plant species, showing no difference in thermodynamic properties and the relative temperature sensitivity for different species at low temperatures (<42°C). However, divergent temperature response among species happened at high temperatures over 42°C, showing more than two-fold differences in relative respiration rate compared to that below 42°C, although the causes of the divergent temperature response remain unclear. Notably, the convergent temperature response at low temperatures could provide useful information for land surface models to improve predictions of climate change effects on plant respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lìyǐn L. Liáng
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Shuyi Fang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yina Yu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Ferguson JN, McAusland L, Smith KE, Price AH, Wilson ZA, Murchie EH. Rapid temperature responses of photosystem II efficiency forecast genotypic variation in rice vegetative heat tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:839-855. [PMID: 32777163 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A key target for the improvement of Oryza sativa (rice) is the development of heat-tolerant varieties. This necessitates the development of high-throughput methodologies for the screening of heat tolerance. Progress has been made to this end via visual scoring and chlorophyll fluorescence; however, these approaches demand large infrastructural investments to expose large populations of adult plants to heat stress. To address this bottleneck, we investigated the response of the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) to rapidly increasing temperatures in excised leaf segments of juvenile rice plants. Segmented models explained the majority of the observed variation in response. Coefficients from these models, i.e. critical temperature (Tcrit ) and the initial response (m1 ), were evaluated for their usability for forecasting adult heat tolerance, measured as the vegetative heat tolerance of adult rice plants through visual (stay-green) and chlorophyll fluorescence (ɸPSII) approaches. We detected substantial variation in heat tolerance of a randomly selected set of indica rice varieties. Both Tcrit and m1 were associated with measured heat tolerance in adult plants, highlighting their usability as high-throughput proxies. Variation in heat tolerance was associated with daytime respiration but not with photosynthetic capacity, highlighting a role for the non-photorespiratory release of CO2 in heat tolerance. To date, this represents the first published instance of genetic variation in these key gas-exchange traits being quantified in response to heat stress in a diverse set of rice accessions. These results outline an efficient strategy for screening heat tolerance and accentuate the need to focus on reduced rates of respiration to improve heat tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Ferguson
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Lorna McAusland
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Kellie E Smith
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Adam H Price
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
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Dorey N, Gjelsvik Ø, Kutti T, Büscher JV. Broad Thermal Tolerance in the Cold-Water Coral Lophelia pertusa From Arctic and Boreal Reefs. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1636. [PMID: 32038304 PMCID: PMC6985564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Along the Norwegian coasts and margins, extensive reefs of the stony coral Lophelia pertusa act as hotspots for local biodiversity. Climate models project that the temperature of Atlantic deep waters could rise by 1–3°C by 2100. In this context, understanding the effects of temperature on the physiology of cold-water species will help in evaluating their resilience to future oceanic changes. We investigated the response of L. pertusa to stepwise short-term increases in temperature. We sampled corals from four reefs, two located north of the Arctic circle and two at the mid-Norwegian shelf (boreal). In on-board experiments (one per reef), the sampled fragments were exposed to increasing temperatures from 5 to 15°C over 58 h. Respiration increased linearly by threefold for a 10°C increase. The short-term temperature increase did not induce mortality, cellular (neutral red assay for lysosome membrane stability; but one exception) or oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation assay) – to a few exceptions. However, the variability of the respiration responses depended on the experiment (i.e., reef location), possibly linked to the genetic structure of the individuals that we sampled (e.g., clones or siblings). The corals from the Arctic and boreal regions appear to have a high tolerance to the rapid temperature fluctuations they experience in the field. Over extended periods of time however, an increased metabolism could deplete the energy stored by the corals, if not met by an increased food availability and/or uptake. Empirical data on organisms’ thermal performance curves, such as the one presented in this study for L. pertusa, will be useful to implement predictive models on the responses of species and populations to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narimane Dorey
- Benthic Resources, Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Gjelsvik
- Benthic Resources, Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tina Kutti
- Benthic Resources, Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Janina V Büscher
- Research Division 2: Marine Biochemistry, Department of Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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14
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Du B, Kruse J, Winkler JB, Alfarray S, Schnitzler JP, Ache P, Hedrich R, Rennenberg H. Climate and development modulate the metabolome and antioxidative system of date palm leaves. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5959-5969. [PMID: 31375818 PMCID: PMC6812712 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Date palms are remarkably tolerant to environmental stresses, but the mechanisms involved remain poorly characterized. Leaf metabolome profiling was therefore performed on mature (ML) and young (YL) leaves of 2-year-old date palm seedlings that had been grown in climate chambers that simulate summer and winter conditions in eastern Saudi Arabia. Cultivation under high temperature (summer climate) resulted in higher YL H2O2 leaf levels despite increases in dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities. The levels of raffinose and galactinol, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, and total amino acids were higher under these conditions, particularly in YL. The accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, was lower in ML. In contrast, the amounts of saturated tetradecanoic acid and heptadecanoic acid were increased in YL under summer climate conditions. The accumulation of phenolic compounds was favored under summer conditions, while flavonoids accumulated under lower temperature (winter climate) conditions. YL displayed stronger hydration, lower H2O2 levels, and more negative δ 13C values, indicating effective reactive oxygen species scavenging. These findings, which demonstrate the substantial metabolic adjustments that facilitate tolerance to the high temperatures in YL and ML, suggest that YL may be more responsive to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Du
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Kruse
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jana Barbro Winkler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Joerg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Ache
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Sanhueza C, Fuentes F, Cortés D, Bascunan-Godoy L, Sáez PL, Bravo LA, Cavieres LA. Contrasting thermal acclimation of leaf dark respiration and photosynthesis of Antarctic vascular plant species exposed to nocturnal warming. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:205-216. [PMID: 30467866 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaf respiration and photosynthesis will respond differently to an increase in temperature during night, which can be more relevant in sensitive ecosystems such as Antarctica. We postulate that the plant species able to colonize the Antarctic Peninsula - Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. and Deschampsia antarctica Desv. - are able to acclimate their foliar respiration and to maintain photosynthesis under nocturnal warming to sustain a positive foliar carbon balance. We conducted a laboratory experiment to evaluate the effect of time of day (day and night) and nocturnal warming on dark respiration. Short (E0 and Q10 ) and long-term acclimation of respiration, leaf carbohydrates, photosynthesis (Asat ) and foliar carbon balance (R/A) were evaluated. The results suggest that the two species have differential thermal acclimation respiration, where D. antarctica showed more thermosensitivity to short-term changes in temperature than C. quitensis. Experimental nocturnal warming affected respiration at daytime differentially between the two species, with a significant increase of R10 and Asat in D. antarctica, while no changes on respiration were observed in C. quitensis. Long thermal treatments of the plants indicated that nocturnal but not diurnal respiration could acclimate in both species, and to a greater extent in C. quitensis. Non-structural carbohydrates were related with respiration in C. quitensis but not in D. antarctica, suggesting that respiration in the former species is likely controlled by total soluble sugars and starch during day and night, respectively. Finally, foliar carbon balance was differentially improved under warming conditions in Antarctic plants by different mechanisms, with C. quitensis deploying respiratory acclimation, while D. antarctica increased its Asat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Sanhueza
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisca Fuentes
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela Cortés
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luisa Bascunan-Godoy
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Patricia L Sáez
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - León A Bravo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Agroindustria, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales and Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Lohengrin A Cavieres
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de Chile, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad-IEB, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Kruse J, Adams M, Winkler B, Ghirardo A, Alfarraj S, Kreuzwieser J, Hedrich R, Schnitzler JP, Rennenberg H. Optimization of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in the date palm Phoenix dactylifera during acclimation to heat and drought. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1973-1988. [PMID: 31093986 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We studied acclimation of leaf gas exchange to differing seasonal climate and soil water availability in slow-growing date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seedlings. We used an extended Arrhenius equation to describe instantaneous temperature responses of leaf net photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (G), and derived physiological parameters suitable for characterization of acclimation (Topt , Aopt and Tequ ). Optimum temperature of A (Topt ) ranged between 20-33°C in winter and 28-45°C in summer. Growth temperature (Tgrowth ) explained c. 50% of the variation in Topt , which additionally depended on leaf water status at the time of measurement. During water stress, light-saturated rates of A at Topt (i.e. Aopt ) were reduced to 30-80% of control levels, albeit not limited by CO2 supply per se. Equilibrium temperature (Tequ ), around which A/G and substomatal [CO2 ] are constant, remained tightly coupled with Topt . Our results suggest that acclimatory shifts in Topt and Aopt reflect a balance between maximization of photosynthesis and minimization of the risk of metabolic perturbations caused by imbalances in cellular [CO2 ]. This novel perspective on acclimation of leaf gas exchange is compatible with optimization theory, and might help to elucidate other acclimation and growth strategies in species adapted to differing climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kruse
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mark Adams
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Swinburne University of Technology, John St., Hawthorn, Vic., 3122, Australia
| | - Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Vico G, Way DA, Hurry V, Manzoni S. Can leaf net photosynthesis acclimate to rising and more variable temperatures? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1913-1928. [PMID: 30706948 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Under future climates, leaf temperature (Tl ) will be higher and more variable. This will affect plant carbon (C) balance because photosynthesis and respiration both respond to short-term (subdaily) fluctuations in Tl and acclimate in the longer term (days to months). This study asks the question: To what extent can the potential and speed of photosynthetic acclimation buffer leaf C gain from rising and increasing variable Tl ? We quantified how increases in the mean and variability of growth temperature affect leaf performance (mean net CO2 assimilation rates, Anet ; its variability; and time under near-optimal photosynthetic conditions), as mediated by thermal acclimation. To this aim, the probability distribution of Anet was obtained by combining a probabilistic description of short- and long-term changes in Tl with data on Anet responses to these changes, encompassing 75 genera and 111 species, including both C3 and C4 species. Our results show that (a) expected increases in Tl variability will decrease mean Anet and increase its variability, whereas the effects of higher mean Tl depend on species and initial Tl , and (b) acclimation reduces the effects of leaf warming, maintaining Anet at >80% of its maximum under most thermal regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vico
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, 27708, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vaughan Hurry
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
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18
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Kawasaki S, Ito K. Data analytic study of the homothermal maintenance mechanism of Skunk Cabbage: Capturing pre-equilibrium characteristics using extended poisson model. Biophys Physicobiol 2019; 15:235-250. [PMID: 30713824 PMCID: PMC6353641 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.15.0_235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A wild plant called Skunk Cabbage is known to heat itself and keep its body warm before spring. We study its homothermal maintenance mechanism from a mesoscopic point of view. We take the increment process of the temperature time series and consider it as ‘elastic’ force that always tries to backlash its temperature to an intrinsic target temperature. We then propose a kind of extended Poisson distribution for the model of the ‘elastic’ force. The hypothesis testing result by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test suggests that the proposed distribution is a plausible candidate of the model for the ‘elastic’ force, on the temperature range in which the system is in equillibrium. In addition, it turns out that the parameters in the model captures well the linear behaviour of the expectations of the ‘elastic’ force at each of the present temperatures and similarly, the constancy of the variances of the force. Especially, the linearity of the expected increments over displacements of tempertures indicates that the backlash might be considered to be like the elastic force of a spring as described by Fuch’s law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Kawasaki
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kikukatsu Ito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.,Agri-Innovation Research Center, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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19
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Pierangelini M, Glaser K, Mikhailyuk T, Karsten U, Holzinger A. Light and Dehydration but Not Temperature Drive Photosynthetic Adaptations of Basal Streptophytes (Hormidiella, Streptosarcina and Streptofilum) Living in Terrestrial Habitats. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 77:380-393. [PMID: 29974184 PMCID: PMC6394494 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Streptophyte algae are the ancestors of land plants, and several classes contain taxa that are adapted to an aero-terrestrial lifestyle. In this study, four basal terrestrial streptophytes from the class Klebsormidiophyceae, including Hormidiella parvula; two species of the newly described genus Streptosarcina (S. costaricana and S. arenaria); and the newly described Streptofilum capillatum were investigated for their responses to radiation, desiccation and temperature stress conditions. All the strains showed low-light adaptation (Ik < 70 μmol photons m-2 s-1) but differed in photoprotective capacities (such as non-photochemical quenching). Acclimation to enhanced photon fluence rates (160 μmol photons m-2 s-1) increased photosynthetic performance in H. parvula and S. costaricana but not in S. arenaria, showing that low-light adaptation is a constitutive trait for S. arenaria. This lower-light adaptation of S. arenaria was coupled with a higher desiccation tolerance, providing further evidence that dehydration is a selective force shaping species occurrence in low light. For protection against ultraviolet radiation, all species synthesised and accumulated different amounts of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Biochemically, MAAs synthesised by Hormidiella and Streptosarcina were similar to MAAs from closely related Klebsormidium spp. but differed in retention time and spectral characteristics in S. capillatum. Unlike the different radiation and dehydration tolerances, Hormidiella, Streptosarcina and Streptofilum displayed preferences for similar thermal conditions. These species showed a temperature dependence of photosynthesis similar to respiration, contrasting with Klebsormidium spp. and highlighting an interspecific diversity in thermal requirements, which could regulate species distributions under temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pierangelini
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des microalgues, InBioS/Phytosystems, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, Liege, 4000, Belgium
| | - Karin Glaser
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tatiana Mikhailyuk
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska Str. 2, Kyiv, 01004, Ukraine
| | - Ulf Karsten
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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20
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Kruse J, Rennenberg H, Adams MA. Three physiological parameters capture variation in leaf respiration of Eucalyptus grandis, as elicited by short-term changes in ambient temperature, and differing nitrogen supply. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1369-1382. [PMID: 29424929 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We used instantaneous temperature responses of CO2 -respiration to explore temperature acclimation dynamics for Eucalyptus grandis grown with differing nitrogen supply. A reduction in ambient temperature from 23 to 19 °C reduced light-saturated photosynthesis by 25% but increased respiratory capacity by 30%. Changes in respiratory capacity were not reversed after temperatures were subsequently increased to 27 °C. Temperature sensitivity of respiration measured at prevalent ambient temperature varied little between temperature treatments but was significantly reduced from ~105 kJ mol-1 when supply of N was weak, to ~70 kJ mol-1 when it was strong. Temperature sensitivity of respiration measured across a broader temperature range (20-40 °C) could be fully described by 2 exponent parameters of an Arrhenius-type model (i.e., activation energy of respiration at low reference temperature and a parameter describing the temperature dependence of activation energy). These 2 parameters were strongly correlated, statistically explaining 74% of observed variation. Residual variation was linked to treatment-induced changes in respiration at low reference temperature or respiratory capacity. Leaf contents of starch and soluble sugars suggest that respiratory capacity varies with source-sink imbalances in carbohydrate utilization, which in combination with shifts in carbon-flux mode, serve to maintain homeostasis of respiratory temperature sensitivity at prevalent growth temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kruse
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mark A Adams
- Centre for Carbon Water and Food, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Swiunburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Ho QT, Hertog MLATM, Verboven P, Ambaw A, Rogge S, Verlinden BE, Nicolaï BM. Down-regulation of respiration in pear fruit depends on temperature. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2049-2060. [PMID: 29394374 PMCID: PMC6018969 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The respiration rate of plant tissues decreases when the amount of available O2 is reduced. There is, however, a debate on whether the respiration rate is controlled either by diffusion limitation of oxygen or through regulatory processes at the level of the transcriptome. We used experimental and modelling approaches to demonstrate that both diffusion limitation and metabolic regulation affect the response of respiration of bulky plant organs such as fruit to reduced O2 levels in the surrounding atmosphere. Diffusion limitation greatly affects fruit respiration at high temperature, but at low temperature respiration is reduced through a regulatory process, presumably a response to a signal generated by a plant oxygen sensor. The response of respiration to O2 is time dependent and is highly sensitive, particularly at low O2 levels in the surrounding atmosphere. Down-regulation of the respiration at low temperatures may save internal O2 and relieve hypoxic conditions in the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Tri Ho
- KU Leuven, BIOSYST-MeBioS, Willem de Croylaan, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Pieter Verboven
- KU Leuven, BIOSYST-MeBioS, Willem de Croylaan, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alemayehu Ambaw
- KU Leuven, BIOSYST-MeBioS, Willem de Croylaan, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seppe Rogge
- KU Leuven, BIOSYST-MeBioS, Willem de Croylaan, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert E Verlinden
- Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart M Nicolaï
- KU Leuven, BIOSYST-MeBioS, Willem de Croylaan, Leuven, Belgium
- Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Liang LL, Arcus VL, Heskel MA, O'Sullivan OS, Weerasinghe LK, Creek D, Egerton JJG, Tjoelker MG, Atkin OK, Schipper LA. Macromolecular rate theory (MMRT) provides a thermodynamics rationale to underpin the convergent temperature response in plant leaf respiration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1538-1547. [PMID: 29030907 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a crucial factor in determining the rates of ecosystem processes, for example, leaf respiration (R) - the flux of plant respired CO2 from leaves to the atmosphere. Generally, R increases exponentially with temperature and formulations such as the Arrhenius equation are widely used in earth system models. However, experimental observations have shown a consequential and consistent departure from an exponential increase in R. What are the principles that underlie these observed patterns? Here, we demonstrate that macromolecular rate theory (MMRT), based on transition state theory (TST) for enzyme-catalyzed kinetics, provides a thermodynamic explanation for the observed departure and the convergent temperature response of R using a global database. Three meaningful parameters emerge from MMRT analysis: the temperature at which the rate of respiration would theoretically reach a maximum (the optimum temperature, Topt ), the temperature at which the respiration rate is most sensitive to changes in temperature (the inflection temperature, Tinf ) and the overall curvature of the log(rate) versus temperature plot (the change in heat capacity for the system, ΔCP‡). On average, the highest potential enzyme-catalyzed rates of respiratory enzymes for R are predicted to occur at 67.0 ± 1.2°C and the maximum temperature sensitivity at 41.4 ± 0.7°C from MMRT. The average curvature (average negative ΔCP‡) was -1.2 ± 0.1 kJ mol-1 K-1 . Interestingly, Topt , Tinf and ΔCP‡ appear insignificantly different across biomes and plant functional types, suggesting that thermal response of respiratory enzymes in leaves could be conserved. The derived parameters from MMRT can serve as thermal traits for plant leaves that represent the collective temperature response of metabolic respiratory enzymes and could be useful to understand regulations of R under a warmer climate. MMRT extends the classic TST to enzyme-catalyzed reactions and provides an accurate and mechanistic model for the short-term temperature response of R around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyin L Liang
- School of Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Vickery L Arcus
- School of Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Mary A Heskel
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Odhran S O'Sullivan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Danielle Creek
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - John J G Egerton
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Louis A Schipper
- School of Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Salomón RL, De Schepper V, Valbuena-Carabaña M, Gil L, Steppe K. Daytime depression in temperature-normalised stem CO 2 efflux in young poplar trees is dominated by low turgor pressure rather than by internal transport of respired CO 2. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:586-598. [PMID: 28984360 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Daytime decreases in temperature-normalised stem CO2 efflux (EA_D ) are commonly ascribed to internal transport of respired CO2 (FT ) or to an attenuated respiratory activity due to lowered turgor pressure. The two are difficult to separate as they are simultaneously driven by sap flow dynamics. To achieve combined gradients in turgor pressure and FT , sap flow rates in poplar trees were manipulated through severe defoliation, severe drought, moderate defoliation and moderate drought. Turgor pressure was mechanistically modelled using measurements of sap flow, stem diameter variation, and soil and stem water potential. A mass balance approach considering internal and external CO2 fluxes was applied to estimate FT . Under well-watered control conditions, both turgor pressure and sap flow, as a proxy of FT , were reliable predictors of EA_D . After tree manipulation, only turgor pressure was a robust predictor of EA_D . Moreover, FT accounted for < 15% of EA_D . Our results suggest that daytime reductions in turgor pressure and associated constrained growth are the main cause of EA_D in young poplar trees. Turgor pressure is determined by both carbohydrate supply and water availability, and should be considered to improve our widely used but inaccurate temperature-based predictions of woody tissue respiration in global models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto L Salomón
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Veerle De Schepper
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - María Valbuena-Carabaña
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Wei X, Sendall KM, Stefanski A, Zhao C, Hou J, Rich RL, Montgomery RA, Reich PB. Consistent leaf respiratory response to experimental warming of three North American deciduous trees: a comparison across seasons, years, habitats and sites. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:285-300. [PMID: 27974651 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Most vascular plants acclimate respiration to changes in ambient temperature, but explicit tests of these responses in field settings are rare, and how acclimation responses vary in space and time is relatively unstudied, hindering our ability to predict respiratory release of carbon under future climatic conditions. We measured temperature response curves of leaf respiration for three deciduous tree species from 2009 to 2012 in a field warming experiment (+3.4 °C above ambient) in both open and understory conditions at two sites in the southern boreal forest in Minnesota, USA. We analyzed the effects of warming on leaf respiration, and how the effects varied among species, times of season (early, middle and late parts of the growing season), sites, habitats (understory, open) and years. We hypothesized that the respiration exponent (Q10) of the short-term temperature response curve and the degree of acclimation would be smaller under conditions where plants were more likely to be substrate limited, such as in the understory or the margins of the growing season. However, in contrast to these predictions, stable Q10 and strong respiratory acclimation were consistently observed. For each species, the Q10 did not vary with experimental warming, nor was its response to warming influenced by time of season, year, site or habitat. Strong leaf respiratory acclimation to warming occurred in each species and was consistent across most sources of variation. Most of the leaf traits studied were not affected by warming, while the Q10-leaf nitrogen and R25-soluble carbohydrate relationships were observed, and shifted with warming, implying that acclimation may be associated with the adjustment in respiratory capacity and its relation to leaf nitrogen and soluble carbohydrate content. Consistent Q10 and acclimation across habitats, sites, times of season and years suggest that modeling of temperature acclimation may be possible with relatively simple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 26, Yangling 712100, China
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue N, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Kerrie M Sendall
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue N, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Artur Stefanski
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue N, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Changming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, South Tianshui Road 222, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jihua Hou
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources & Ecosystem Processes of Beijing, Beijing Forestry University, East Qinghua Road 35, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Roy L Rich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue N, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Rebecca A Montgomery
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue N, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue N, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia
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Atkin OK, Bahar NHA, Bloomfield KJ, Griffin KL, Heskel MA, Huntingford C, de la Torre AM, Turnbull MH. Leaf Respiration in Terrestrial Biosphere Models. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68703-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Different models provide equivalent predictive power for cross-biome response of leaf respiration to temperature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5993-E5995. [PMID: 27702908 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608562113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Reply to Adams et al.: Empirical versus process-based approaches to modeling temperature responses of leaf respiration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5996-E5997. [PMID: 27702907 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612904113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kroner Y, Way DA. Carbon fluxes acclimate more strongly to elevated growth temperatures than to elevated CO2 concentrations in a northern conifer. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:2913-28. [PMID: 26728638 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations will affect tree carbon fluxes, generating potential feedbacks between forests and the global climate system. We studied how elevated temperatures and CO2 impacted leaf carbon dynamics in Norway spruce (Picea abies), a dominant northern forest species, to improve predictions of future photosynthetic and respiratory fluxes from high-latitude conifers. Seedlings were grown under ambient (AC, c. 435 μmol mol(-1) ) or elevated (EC, 750 μmol mol(-1) ) CO2 concentrations at ambient, +4 °C, or +8 °C growing temperatures. Photosynthetic rates (Asat ) were high in +4 °C/EC seedlings and lowest in +8 °C spruce, implying that moderate, but not extreme, climate change may stimulate carbon uptake. Asat , dark respiration (Rdark ), and light respiration (Rlight ) rates acclimated to temperature, but not CO2 : the thermal optimum of Asat increased, and Rdark and Rlight were suppressed under warming. In all treatments, the Q10 of Rlight (the relative increase in respiration for a 10 °C increase in leaf temperature) was 35% higher than the Q10 of Rdark , so the ratio of Rlight to Rdark increased with rising leaf temperature. However, across all treatments and a range of 10-40 °C leaf temperatures, a consistent relationship between Rlight and Rdark was found, which could be used to model Rlight in future climates. Acclimation reduced daily modeled respiratory losses from warm-grown seedlings by 22-56%. When Rlight was modeled as a constant fraction of Rdark , modeled daily respiratory losses were 11-65% greater than when using measured values of Rlight . Our findings highlight the impact of acclimation to future climates on predictions of carbon uptake and losses in northern trees, in particular the need to model daytime respiratory losses from direct measurements of Rlight or appropriate relationships with Rdark .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Kroner
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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30
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Kruse J, Alfarraj S, Rennenberg H, Adams M. A novel mechanistic interpretation of instantaneous temperature responses of leaf net photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 129:43-58. [PMID: 27220614 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Steady-state rates of leaf CO2 assimilation (A) in response to incubation temperature (T) are often symmetrical around an optimum temperature. A/T curves of C3 plants can thus be fitted to a modified Arrhenius equation, where the activation energy of A close to a low reference temperature is strongly correlated with the dynamic change of activation energy to increasing incubation temperature. We tested how [CO2] < current atmospheric levels and saturating light, or [CO2] at 800 µmol mol(-1) and variable light affect parameters that describe A/T curves, and how these parameters are related to known properties of temperature-dependent thylakoid electron transport. Variation of light intensity and substomatal [CO2] had no influence on the symmetry of A/T curves, but significantly affected their breadth. Thermodynamic and kinetic (physiological) factors responsible for (i) the curvature in Arrhenius plots and (ii) the correlation between parameters of a modified Arrhenius equation are discussed. We argue that the shape of A/T curves cannot satisfactorily be explained via classical concepts assuming temperature-dependent shifts between rate-limiting processes. Instead the present results indicate that any given A/T curve appears to reflect a distinct flux mode, set by the balance between linear and cyclic electron transport, and emerging from the anabolic demand for ATP relative to that for NADPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kruse
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Adams
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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31
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The biochemical basis for thermoregulation in heat-producing flowers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24830. [PMID: 27095582 PMCID: PMC4837406 DOI: 10.1038/srep24830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoregulation (homeothermy) in animals involves a complex mechanism involving thermal receptors throughout the body and integration in the hypothalamus that controls shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. The flowers of some ancient families of seed plants show a similar degree of physiological thermoregulation, but by a different mechanism. Here, we show that respiratory control in homeothermic spadices of skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus renifolius) is achieved by rate-determining biochemical reactions in which the overall thermodynamic activation energy exhibits a negative value. Moreover, NADPH production, catalyzed by mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase in a chemically endothermic reaction, plays a role in the pre-equilibrium reaction. We propose that a law of chemical equilibrium known as Le Châtelier's principle governs the homeothermic control in skunk cabbage.
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32
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Reich PB, Sendall KM, Stefanski A, Wei X, Rich RL, Montgomery RA. Boreal and temperate trees show strong acclimation of respiration to warming. Nature 2016; 531:633-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nature17142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pawar S, Dell AI, Savage VM, Knies JL. Real versus Artificial Variation in the Thermal Sensitivity of Biological Traits. Am Nat 2016; 187:E41-52. [PMID: 26731029 DOI: 10.1086/684590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Whether the thermal sensitivity of an organism's traits follows the simple Boltzmann-Arrhenius model remains a contentious issue that centers around consideration of its operational temperature range and whether the sensitivity corresponds to one or a few underlying rate-limiting enzymes. Resolving this issue is crucial, because mechanistic models for temperature dependence of traits are required to predict the biological effects of climate change. Here, by combining theory with data on 1,085 thermal responses from a wide range of traits and organisms, we show that substantial variation in thermal sensitivity (activation energy) estimates can arise simply because of variation in the range of measured temperatures. Furthermore, when thermal responses deviate systematically from the Boltzmann-Arrhenius model, variation in measured temperature ranges across studies can bias estimated activation energy distributions toward higher mean, median, variance, and skewness. Remarkably, this bias alone can yield activation energies that encompass the range expected from biochemical reactions (from ~0.2 to 1.2 eV), making it difficult to establish whether a single activation energy appropriately captures thermal sensitivity. We provide guidelines and a simple equation for partially correcting for such artifacts. Our results have important implications for understanding the mechanistic basis of thermal responses of biological traits and for accurately modeling effects of variation in thermal sensitivity on responses of individuals, populations, and ecological communities to changing climatic temperatures.
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35
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Bekele EA, Beshir WF, Hertog MLATM, Nicolai BM, Geeraerd AH. Metabolic profiling reveals ethylene mediated metabolic changes and a coordinated adaptive mechanism of 'Jonagold' apple to low oxygen stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 155:232-47. [PMID: 26031836 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Apples are predominantly stored in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage to delay ripening and prolong their storage life. Profiling the dynamics of metabolic changes during ripening and CA storage is vital for understanding the governing molecular mechanism. In this study, the dynamics of the primary metabolism of 'Jonagold' apples during ripening in regular air (RA) storage and initiation of CA storage was profiled. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was exploited to block ethylene receptors and to get insight into ethylene mediated metabolic changes during ripening of the fruit and in response to hypoxic stress. Metabolic changes were quantified in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the Yang cycle and synthesis of the main amino acids branching from these metabolic pathways. Partial least square discriminant analysis of the metabolic profiles of 1-MCP treated and control apples revealed a metabolic divergence in ethylene, organic acid, sugar and amino acid metabolism. During RA storage at 18°C, most amino acids were higher in 1-MCP treated apples, whereas 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) was higher in the control apples. The initial response of the fruit to CA initiation was accompanied by an increase of alanine, succinate and glutamate, but a decline in aspartate. Furthermore, alanine and succinate accumulated to higher levels in control apples than 1-MCP treated apples. The observed metabolic changes in these interlinked metabolites may indicate a coordinated adaptive strategy to maximize energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A Bekele
- Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wasiye F Beshir
- Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten L A T M Hertog
- Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart M Nicolai
- Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annemie H Geeraerd
- Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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36
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Way DA, Holly C, Bruhn D, Ball MC, Atkin OK. Diurnal and seasonal variation in light and dark respiration in field-grown Eucalyptus pauciflora. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:840-849. [PMID: 26253839 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Respiration from vegetation is a substantial part of the global carbon cycle and the responses of plant respiration to daily and seasonal fluctuations in temperature and light must be incorporated in models of terrestrial respiration to accurately predict these CO2 fluxes. We investigated how leaf respiration (R) responded to changes in leaf temperature (T(leaf)) and irradiance in field-grown saplings of an evergreen tree (Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng). Seasonal shifts in the thermal sensitivity of leaf R in the dark (R(dark)) and in the light (R(light)) were assessed by allowing T(leaf) to vary over the day in field-grown leaves over a year. The Q10 of R (i.e., the relative increase in R for a 10 °C increase in T(leaf)) was similar for R(light) and R(dark) and had a value of ∼ 2.5; there was little seasonal change in the Q10 of either R(light) or R(dark), indicating that we may be able to use similar functions to model short-term temperature responses of R in the dark and in the light. Overall, rates of R(light) were lower than those of R(dark), and the ratio of R(light)/R(dark) tended to increase with rising T(leaf), such that light suppression of R was reduced at high T(leaf) values, in contrast to earlier work with this species. Our results suggest we cannot assume that R(light)/R(dark) decreases with increasing T(leaf) on daily timescales, and highlights the need for a better mechanistic understanding of what regulates light suppression of R in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7 Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Chris Holly
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Dan Bruhn
- Department of Environment, Earth and Ecosystems, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Marilyn C Ball
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Noguchi K, Yamori W, Hikosaka K, Terashima I. Homeostasis of the temperature sensitivity of respiration over a range of growth temperatures indicated by a modified Arrhenius model. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 207:34-42. [PMID: 25704334 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of plant respiratory rate (R) changes in response to growth temperature. Here, we used a modified Arrhenius model incorporating the temperature dependence of activation energy (Eo ), and compared the temperature dependence of R between cold-sensitive and cold-tolerant species. We analyzed the temperature dependences of leaf CO2 efflux rate of plants cultivated at low (LT) or high temperature (HT). In plants grown at HT (HT plants), Eo at low measurement temperature varied among species, but Eo at growth temperature in HT plants did not vary and was comparable to that in plants grown at LT (LT plants), suggesting that the limiting process was similar at the respective growth temperatures. In LT plants, the integrated value of loge R, a measure of respiratory capacity, in cold-sensitive species was lower than that in cold-tolerant species. When plants were transferred from HT to LT, the respiratory capacity changed promptly after the transfer compared with the other parameters. These results suggest that a similar process limits R at different growth temperatures, and that the lower capacity of the respiratory system in cold-sensitive species may explain their low growth rate at LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Noguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- PREST, JST, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- CREST, JST, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- CREST, JST, 332-0012, Japan
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Blessing CH, Werner RA, Siegwolf R, Buchmann N. Allocation dynamics of recently fixed carbon in beech saplings in response to increased temperatures and drought. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:585-98. [PMID: 25877767 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The response of carbon allocation to drought has often been studied in terms of short-term transport velocity of recently fixed carbon from leaves to roots and root respiration. However, its dynamic response to other environmental conditions, e.g., to changes in temperature, is less clear. Here, we investigated the effects of drought, increased temperatures and their combination on transport velocity as well as on distribution of recent photoassimilates for different compounds, such as sugars, starch, organic acids and amino acids. We used a (13)CO(2) pulse-labelling approach and studied the recovery of (13)C in different plant tissues and compounds of beech saplings (Fagus sylvatica L.) during a 9-day chase period. Neither total dry biomass nor dry weights of leaves or roots were affected by drought or increased temperatures. Generally, the fast transfer of recently fixed assimilates from leaves to roots took about 1 day, while (13)C enrichment in soil CO(2) efflux peaked only 2 days after labelling. Increased temperatures prolonged mean transfer times of recent photoassimilates from the leaves to the roots, probably caused by enhanced intermediate storage alongside basipetal transfer, clearly impacting short-term carbon allocation. This temperature effect was seen in the delayed peak in (13)C excess of root sugars, decoupling the roots from the leaves in the short term. On average, ∼40% of the (13)C label initially present in the plant was recovered in the roots (over all treatment combinations), providing strong evidence for preferred carbon allocation into the roots at the end of the growing season. Root starch was the principal compound for long-term storage of carbon, whereas leaf (transitory) starch was remobilized again after some days, exhibiting the longest mean residence times under dry and warm conditions. These observation clearly point to different functionalities of the same compound (i.e., starch) in different plant tissues and the crucial role of roots for long-term carbon storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola H Blessing
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8048 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Werner
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8048 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Siegwolf
- Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8048 Zurich, Switzerland
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Atkin OK, Bloomfield KJ, Reich PB, Tjoelker MG, Asner GP, Bonal D, Bönisch G, Bradford MG, Cernusak LA, Cosio EG, Creek D, Crous KY, Domingues TF, Dukes JS, Egerton JJG, Evans JR, Farquhar GD, Fyllas NM, Gauthier PPG, Gloor E, Gimeno TE, Griffin KL, Guerrieri R, Heskel MA, Huntingford C, Ishida FY, Kattge J, Lambers H, Liddell MJ, Lloyd J, Lusk CH, Martin RE, Maksimov AP, Maximov TC, Malhi Y, Medlyn BE, Meir P, Mercado LM, Mirotchnick N, Ng D, Niinemets Ü, O'Sullivan OS, Phillips OL, Poorter L, Poot P, Prentice IC, Salinas N, Rowland LM, Ryan MG, Sitch S, Slot M, Smith NG, Turnbull MH, VanderWel MC, Valladares F, Veneklaas EJ, Weerasinghe LK, Wirth C, Wright IJ, Wythers KR, Xiang J, Xiang S, Zaragoza-Castells J. Global variability in leaf respiration in relation to climate, plant functional types and leaf traits. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:614-36. [PMID: 25581061 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf dark respiration (Rdark ) is an important yet poorly quantified component of the global carbon cycle. Given this, we analyzed a new global database of Rdark and associated leaf traits. Data for 899 species were compiled from 100 sites (from the Arctic to the tropics). Several woody and nonwoody plant functional types (PFTs) were represented. Mixed-effects models were used to disentangle sources of variation in Rdark . Area-based Rdark at the prevailing average daily growth temperature (T) of each site increased only twofold from the Arctic to the tropics, despite a 20°C increase in growing T (8-28°C). By contrast, Rdark at a standard T (25°C, Rdark (25) ) was threefold higher in the Arctic than in the tropics, and twofold higher at arid than at mesic sites. Species and PFTs at cold sites exhibited higher Rdark (25) at a given photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax (25) ) or leaf nitrogen concentration ([N]) than species at warmer sites. Rdark (25) values at any given Vcmax (25) or [N] were higher in herbs than in woody plants. The results highlight variation in Rdark among species and across global gradients in T and aridity. In addition to their ecological significance, the results provide a framework for improving representation of Rdark in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) and associated land-surface components of Earth system models (ESMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia; Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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Blessing CH, Barthel M, Buchmann N. Bias in estimated online leaf carbon isotope discrimination due to woody tissues. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2015; 51:109-123. [PMID: 25664572 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2015.1007050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Branch or shoot chamber measurements integrate over both foliar and woody tissue carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes and their associated influences on the carbon isotopic composition of atmospheric/headspace CO2. Here, we quantified the bias introduced by woody tissue carbon isotope fluxes on apparent leaf (13)C discrimination (Δ(13)Capparent) estimates, using laser spectroscopy under controlled conditions. CO2 efflux from woody tissues of defoliated beech saplings in the dark was strongly related to temperature (R(2) = 0.78), which served as the basis to model light-dependent woody tissue photosynthesis (R(2) = 0.72). We then quantified the contributions of leaf and woody tissues to leaf Δ(13)Capparent of foliated beech saplings in the light. Unbiased foliar Δ(13)C was 1.1 to 4.9‰ lower than leaf Δ(13)Capparent, depending on photosynthetic rates of woody tissues. Therefore, we strongly recommend accounting for isotope-related bias due to woody tissues when estimating leaf Δ(13)Capparent based on branch or shoot chamber measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola H Blessing
- a Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
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41
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Gauthier PPG, Crous KY, Ayub G, Duan H, Weerasinghe LK, Ellsworth DS, Tjoelker MG, Evans JR, Tissue DT, Atkin OK. Drought increases heat tolerance of leaf respiration in Eucalyptus globulus saplings grown under both ambient and elevated atmospheric [CO2] and temperature. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:6471-85. [PMID: 25205579 PMCID: PMC4246183 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is resulting in increasing atmospheric [CO2], rising growth temperature (T), and greater frequency/severity of drought, with each factor having the potential to alter the respiratory metabolism of leaves. Here, the effects of elevated atmospheric [CO2], sustained warming, and drought on leaf dark respiration (R(dark)), and the short-term T response of R(dark) were examined in Eucalyptus globulus. Comparisons were made using seedlings grown under different [CO2], T, and drought treatments. Using high resolution T-response curves of R(dark) measured over the 15-65 °C range, it was found that elevated [CO2], elevated growth T, and drought had little effect on rates of R(dark) measured at T <35 °C and that there was no interactive effect of [CO2], growth T, and drought on T response of R(dark). However, drought increased R(dark) at high leaf T typical of heatwave events (35-45 °C), and increased the measuring T at which maximal rates of R(dark) occurred (Tmax) by 8 °C (from 52 °C in well-watered plants to 60 °C in drought-treated plants). Leaf starch and soluble sugars decreased under drought and elevated growth T, respectively, but no effect was found under elevated [CO2]. Elevated [CO2] increased the Q 10 of R(dark) (i.e. proportional rise in R(dark) per 10 °C) over the 15-35 °C range, while drought increased Q 10 values between 35 °C and 45 °C. Collectively, the study highlights the dynamic nature of the T dependence of R dark in plants experiencing future climate change scenarios, particularly with respect to drought and elevated [CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul P G Gauthier
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Gohar Ayub
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia Department of Horticulture, Agricultural University Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Honglang Duan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia Institute of Ecology & Environmental Science, Nanchang Institute of Technology, No. 289 Tianxiang Road, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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42
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McLaughlin BC, Xu CY, Rastetter EB, Griffin KL. Predicting ecosystem carbon balance in a warming Arctic: the importance of long-term thermal acclimation potential and inhibitory effects of light on respiration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:1901-1912. [PMID: 24677488 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The carbon balance of Arctic ecosystems is particularly sensitive to global environmental change. Leaf respiration (R), a temperature-dependent key process in determining the carbon balance, is not well-understood in Arctic plants. The potential for plants to acclimate to warmer conditions could strongly impact future global carbon balance. Two key unanswered questions are (1) whether short-term temperature responses can predict long-term respiratory responses to growth in elevated temperatures and (2) to what extent the constant daylight conditions of the Arctic growing season inhibit leaf respiration. In two dominant Arctic species Eriophorum vaginatum (tussock grass) and Betula nana (woody shrub), we assessed the extent of respiratory inhibition in the light (RL/RD), respiratory response to short-term temperature change, and respiratory acclimation to long-term warming treatments. We found that R of both species is strongly inhibited by light (averaging 35% across all measurement temperatures). In E. vaginatum both RL and RD acclimated to the long-term warming treatment, reducing the magnitude of respiratory response relative to the short-term response to temperature increase. In B. nana, both RL and RD responded to short-term temperature increase but showed no acclimation to the long-term warming. The ability to predict plant respiratory response to global warming with short-term temperature responses will depend on species-specific acclimation potential and the differential response of RL and RD to temperature. With projected woody shrub encroachment in Arctic tundra and continued warming, changing species dominance between these two functional groups, may impact ecosystem respiratory response and carbon balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair C McLaughlin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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43
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Atkin OK, Meir P, Turnbull MH. Improving representation of leaf respiration in large-scale predictive climate-vegetation models. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:743-748. [PMID: 24716517 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Patrick Meir
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Matthew H Turnbull
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag, 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
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44
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Effect of biomass concentration on the productivity of Tetraselmis suecica in a pilot-scale tubular photobioreactor using natural sunlight. ALGAL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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45
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López-Agudelo VA, Barragán D. Entropy production in oscillatory processes during photosynthesis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 13:23-31. [PMID: 24162177 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50185j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The flow of matter and heat and the rate of enzymatic reactions are examined using two models of photosynthesis that exhibit sustained and damped oscillatory dynamics, with the objective of calculating the rate of entropy generation and studying the effects of temperature and kinetic constants on the thermodynamic efficiency of photosynthesis. The global coefficient of heat transfer and the direct and inverse constants of the formation reaction of the RuBisCO-CO2 complex were used as control parameters. Results show that when the system moves from isothermal to non-isothermal conditions, the transition from a steady state to oscillations facilitates an increase in the energy efficiency of the process. The simulations were carried out for two photosynthetic models in a system on a chloroplast reactor scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor A López-Agudelo
- Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 59A No 63-20, Oficina 16-413, Medellín, Colombia.
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Abstract
Climate change impact assessments on agriculture are subject to large uncertainties, as demonstrated in the present review of recent studies for Africa. There are multiple reasons for differences in projections, including uncertainties in greenhouse gas emissions and patterns of climate change; assumptions on future management, aggregation, and spatial extent; and methodological differences. Still, all projections agree that climate change poses a significant risk to African agriculture. Most projections also see the possibility of increasing agricultural production under climate change, especially if suitable adaptation measures are assumed. Climate change is not the only projected pressure on African agriculture, which struggles to meet demand today and may need to feed an additional one billion individuals by 2050. Development strategies are urgently needed, but they will need to consider future climate change and its inherent uncertainties. Science needs to show how existing synergies between climate change adaptation and development can be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Müller
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany
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Kruse J, Turnbull TL, Adams MA. Disentangling respiratory acclimation and adaptation to growth temperature by Eucalyptus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 195:149-163. [PMID: 22587590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
• Respiratory acclimation to growth temperature differs between species, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that respiratory acclimation of CO(2) release is a consequence of growth regulation such that growth rates of young foliage of Eucalyptus spp. are similar at contrasting growth temperatures. Further, we tested whether such a response is affected by adaptation of Eucalyptus to different thermal environments via growth at different altitudes in the Australian Alps. • We employed calorimetric methods to relate rates of CO(2) release (mainly from substrate oxidation) and rates of O(2) reduction to conservation of energy. Temperature responses of these processes provided insight into mechanisms that control energy conservation and expenditure, and helped define 'instantaneous enthalpic growth capacity' (CapG). • CapG increased with altitude, but was counteracted by other factors in species adapted to highland habitats. The acclimation response was partly driven by changes in respiratory capacity (CapR(CO2)), and partly by more pronounced dynamic responses of CO(2) release (δ(R(CO2))) to measurement temperature. We observed enhanced temperature sensitivity of O(2) reduction (E(o)(R(O2))) at higher altitudes. • Adaptation to growth temperature included differences in respiration and growth capacities, but there was little evidence that Eucalyptus species vary in metabolic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kruse
- Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Freiburg, Germany.
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Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A, Nikoloski Z, Sweetlove LJ, Fernie AR. Metabolic control and regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in photosynthetic and heterotrophic plant tissues. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:1-21. [PMID: 21477125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a crucial component of respiratory metabolism in both photosynthetic and heterotrophic plant organs. All of the major genes of the tomato TCA cycle have been cloned recently, allowing the generation of a suite of transgenic plants in which the majority of the enzymes in the pathway are progressively decreased. Investigations of these plants have provided an almost complete view of the distribution of control in this important pathway. Our studies suggest that citrate synthase, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinyl CoA ligase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase and malate dehydrogenase have control coefficients flux for respiration of -0.4, 0.964, -0.123, 0.0008, 0.289, 0.601 and 1.76, respectively; while 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase is estimated to have a control coefficient of 0.786 in potato tubers. These results thus indicate that the control of this pathway is distributed among malate dehydrogenase, aconitase, fumarase, succinate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. The unusual distribution of control estimated here is consistent with specific non-cyclic flux mode and cytosolic bypasses that operate in illuminated leaves. These observations are discussed in the context of known regulatory properties of the enzymes and some illustrative examples of how the pathway responds to environmental change are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner L Araújo
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Germany
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49
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Schulte PM, Healy TM, Fangue NA. Thermal Performance Curves, Phenotypic Plasticity, and the Time Scales of Temperature Exposure. Integr Comp Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/icb%2ficr097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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50
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Schulte PM, Healy TM, Fangue NA. Thermal Performance Curves, Phenotypic Plasticity, and the Time Scales of Temperature Exposure. Integr Comp Biol 2011; 51:691-702. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icr097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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