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Ali J, Mukarram M, Ojo J, Dawam N, Riyazuddin R, Ghramh HA, Khan KA, Chen R, Kurjak D, Bayram A. Harnessing Phytohormones: Advancing Plant Growth and Defence Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14307. [PMID: 38705723 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Phytohormones, pivotal regulators of plant growth and development, are increasingly recognized for their multifaceted roles in enhancing crop resilience against environmental stresses. In this review, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of current research on utilizing phytohormones to enhance crop productivity and fortify their defence mechanisms. Initially, we introduce the significance of phytohormones in orchestrating plant growth, followed by their potential utilization in bolstering crop defences against diverse environmental stressors. Our focus then shifts to an in-depth exploration of phytohormones and their pivotal roles in mediating plant defence responses against biotic stressors, particularly insect pests. Furthermore, we highlight the potential impact of phytohormones on agricultural production while underscoring the existing research gaps and limitations hindering their widespread implementation in agricultural practices. Despite the accumulating body of research in this field, the integration of phytohormones into agriculture remains limited. To address this discrepancy, we propose a comprehensive framework for investigating the intricate interplay between phytohormones and sustainable agriculture. This framework advocates for the adoption of novel technologies and methodologies to facilitate the effective deployment of phytohormones in agricultural settings and also emphasizes the need to address existing research limitations through rigorous field studies. By outlining a roadmap for advancing the utilization of phytohormones in agriculture, this review aims to catalyse transformative changes in agricultural practices, fostering sustainability and resilience in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamin Ali
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Mohammad Mukarram
- Food and Plant Biology Group, Department of Plant Biology, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - James Ojo
- Department of Crop Production, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Nancy Dawam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Plateau State University Bokkos, Diram, Nigeria
| | | | - Hamed A Ghramh
- Centre of Bee Research and its Products, Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Centre of Bee Research and its Products, Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Applied College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizhao Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Ahmet Bayram
- Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
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Xu T, Zheng X, Yang Y, Yang S, Yi X, Yu C, Luo L, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang Q, Pan H. Indole-3 acetic acid negatively regulates rose black spot disease resistance through antagonizing the salicylic acid signaling pathway via jasmonic acid. PLANTA 2024; 259:129. [PMID: 38639804 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION IAA cooperates with JA to inhibit SA and negatively regulates rose black spot disease resistance. Black spot disease caused by the fungus Marssonina rosae is the most prevalent and severe ailment in rose cultivation, leading to the appearance of black spots on leaves and eventual leaf fall, significantly impacting the utilization of roses in gardens. Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are pivotal hormones that collaborate with indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) in regulating plant defense responses; however, the detailed mechanisms underlying the induction of black spot disease resistance by IAA, JA, and SA remain unclear. In this study, transcript analysis was conducted on resistant (R13-54) and susceptible (R12-26) lines following M. rosae infection. In addition, the impact of exogenous interference with IAA on SA- and JA-mediated disease resistance was examined. The continuous accumulation of JA, in synergy with IAA, inhibited activation of the SA signaling pathway in the early infection stage, thereby negatively regulating the induction of effective resistance to black spot disease. IAA administration alleviated the inhibition of SA on JA to negatively regulate the resistance of susceptible strains by further enhancing the synthesis and accumulation of JA. However, IAA did not contribute to the negative regulation of black spot resistance when high levels of JA were inhibited. Virus-induced gene silencing of RcTIFY10A, an inhibitor of the JA signaling pathway, further suggested that IAA upregulation led to a decrease in disease resistance, a phenomenon not observed when the JA signal was inhibited. Collectively, these findings indicate that the IAA-mediated negative regulation of black spot disease resistance relies on activation of the JA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingliang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province for Landscape Plants Research, Plateau Flower Research Centre, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Xiaowen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province for Landscape Plants Research, Plateau Flower Research Centre, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shumin Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xingwan Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Le Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huitang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Wu Y, Liu J, Wu H, Zhu Y, Ahmad I, Zhou G. The Roles of Mepiquate Chloride and Melatonin in the Morpho-Physiological Activity of Cotton under Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:235. [PMID: 38203405 PMCID: PMC10778694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cotton growth and yield are severely affected by abiotic stress worldwide. Mepiquate chloride (MC) and melatonin (MT) enhance crop growth and yield by reducing the negative effects of abiotic stress on various crops. Numerous studies have shown the pivotal role of MC and MT in regulating agricultural growth and yield. Nevertheless, an in-depth review of the prominent performance of these two hormones in controlling plant morpho-physiological activity and yield in cotton under abiotic stress still needs to be documented. This review highlights the effects of MC and MT on cotton morpho-physiological and biochemical activities; their biosynthetic, signaling, and transduction pathways; and yield under abiotic stress. Furthermore, we also describe some genes whose expressions are affected by these hormones when cotton plants are exposed to abiotic stress. The present review demonstrates that MC and MT alleviate the negative effects of abiotic stress in cotton and increase yield by improving its morpho-physiological and biochemical activities, such as cell enlargement; net photosynthesis activity; cytokinin contents; and the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. MT delays the expression of NCED1 and NCED2 genes involved in leaf senescence by decreasing the expression of ABA-biosynthesis genes and increasing the expression of the GhYUC5, GhGA3ox2, and GhIPT2 genes involved in indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin, and cytokinin biosynthesis. Likewise, MC promotes lateral root formation by activating GA20x genes involved in gibberellin catabolism. Overall, MC and MT improve cotton's physiological activity and antioxidant capacity and, as a result, improve the ability of the plant to resist abiotic stress. The main purpose of this review is to present an in-depth analysis of the performance of MC and MT under abiotic stress, which might help to better understand how these two hormones regulate cotton growth and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
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Zhao W, Liang J, Huang H, Yang J, Feng J, Sun L, Yang R, Zhao M, Wang J, Wang S. Tomato defence against Meloidogyne incognita by jasmonic acid-mediated fine-tuning of kaempferol homeostasis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1651-1670. [PMID: 36829301 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is involved in the modulation of defence and growth activities in plants. The best-characterized growth-defence trade-offs stem from antagonistic crosstalk among hormones. In this study, we first confirmed that JA negatively regulates root-knot nematode (RKN) susceptibility via the root exudates (REs) of tomato plants. Omics and toxicological analyses implied that kaempferol, a type of flavonol, from REs has a negative effect on RKN infection. We demonstrated that SlMYB57 negatively regulated kaempferol contents in tomato roots, whereas SlMYB108/112 had the opposite effect. We revealed that JA fine-tuned the homeostasis of kaempferol via SlMYB-mediated transcriptional regulation and the interaction between SlJAZs and SlMYBs, thus ensuring a balance between lateral root (LR) development and RKN susceptibility. Overall, this work provides novel insights into JA-modulated LR development and RKN susceptibility mechanisms and elucidates a trade-off model mediated by JA in plants encountering stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Zhao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Huang Huang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jinshan Yang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jiaping Feng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Mengjia Zhao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
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5
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Zhang L, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Pei Y, Zhang M. Regulation of PIN-FORMED Protein Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010843. [PMID: 36614276 PMCID: PMC9821320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin action largely depends on the establishment of auxin concentration gradient within plant organs, where PIN-formed (PIN) auxin transporter-mediated directional auxin movement plays an important role. Accumulating studies have revealed the need of polar plasma membrane (PM) localization of PIN proteins as well as regulation of PIN polarity in response to developmental cues and environmental stimuli, amongst which a typical example is regulation of PIN phosphorylation by AGCVIII protein kinases and type A regulatory subunits of PP2A phosphatases. Recent findings, however, highlight the importance of PIN degradation in reestablishing auxin gradient. Although the underlying mechanism is poorly understood, these findings provide a novel aspect to broaden the current knowledge on regulation of polar auxin transport. In this review, we summarize the current understanding on controlling PIN degradation by endosome-mediated vacuolar targeting, autophagy, ubiquitin modification and the related E3 ubiquitin ligases, cytoskeletons, plant hormones, environmental stimuli, and other regulators, and discuss the possible mechanisms according to recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqin Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yifan Guo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Pei
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-023-68251883
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6
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Liu X, Cheng L, Li R, Cai Y, Wang X, Fu X, Dong X, Qi M, Jiang CZ, Xu T, Li T. The HD-Zip transcription factor SlHB15A regulates abscission by modulating jasmonoyl-isoleucine biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2396-2412. [PMID: 35522030 PMCID: PMC9342995 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant organ abscission, a process that is important for development and reproductive success, is inhibited by the phytohormone auxin and promoted by another phytohormone, jasmonic acid (JA). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antagonistic effects of auxin and JA in organ abscission are unknown. We identified a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) class III homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factor, HOMEOBOX15A (SlHB15A), which was highly expressed in the flower pedicel abscission zone and induced by auxin. Knocking out SlHB15A using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 technology significantly accelerated abscission. In contrast, overexpression of microRNA166-resistant SlHB15A (mSlHB15A) delayed abscission. RNA sequencing and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analyses showed that knocking out SlHB15A altered the expression of genes related to JA biosynthesis and signaling. Furthermore, functional analysis indicated that SlHB15A regulates abscission by depressing JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) levels through inhabiting the expression of JASMONATE-RESISTANT1 (SlJAR1), a gene involved in JA-Ile biosynthesis, which could induce abscission-dependent and abscission-independent ethylene signaling. SlHB15A bound directly to the SlJAR1 promoter to silence SlJAR1, thus delaying abscission. We also found that flower removal enhanced JA-Ile content and that application of JA-Ile severely impaired the inhibitory effects of auxin on abscission. These results indicated that SlHB15A mediates the antagonistic effect of auxin and JA-Ile during tomato pedicel abscission, while auxin inhibits abscission through the SlHB15A-SlJAR1 module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lina Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ruizhen Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yue Cai
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xin Fu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiufen Dong
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- Author for correspondence: (T.L.), (T.X.)
| | - Tianlai Li
- Author for correspondence: (T.L.), (T.X.)
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Chen P, Ge Y, Chen L, Yan F, Cai L, Zhao H, Lei D, Jiang J, Wang M, Tao Y. SAV4 is required for ethylene-induced root hair growth through stabilizing PIN2 auxin transporter in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1735-1752. [PMID: 35274300 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Root hair development is regulated by hormonal and environmental cues, such as ethylene and low phosphate. Auxin efflux carrier PIN2 (PIN-FORMED 2) plays an important role in establishing a proper auxin gradient in root tips, which is required for root hair development. Ethylene promotes root hair development through increasing PIN2 abundance in root tips, which subsequently leads to enhanced expression of auxin reporter genes. However, how PIN2 is regulated remains obscure. Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana sav4 (shade avoidance 4) mutant exhibits defects in ethylene-induced root hair development and in establishing a proper auxin gradient in root tips. Ethylene treatment increased SAV4 abundance in root tips. SAV4 and PIN2 co-localize to the shootward plasma membrane (PM) of root tip epidermal cells. SAV4 directly interacts with the PIN2 hydrophilic region (PIN2HL) and regulates PIN2 abundance on the PM. Vacuolar degradation of PIN2 is suppressed by ethylene, which was weakened in sav4 mutant. Furthermore, SAV4 affects the formation of PIN2 clusters and its lateral diffusion on the PM. In summary, we identified SAV4 as a novel regulator of PIN2 that enhances PIN2 membrane clustering and stability through direct protein-protein interactions. Our study revealed a new layer of regulation on PIN2 dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peirui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Yanhua Ge
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Liying Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Fenglian Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Lingling Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Hongli Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Deshun Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Jinxi Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Yi Tao
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
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8
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Abstract
Auxin has always been at the forefront of research in plant physiology and development. Since the earliest contemplations by Julius von Sachs and Charles Darwin, more than a century-long struggle has been waged to understand its function. This largely reflects the failures, successes, and inevitable progress in the entire field of plant signaling and development. Here I present 14 stations on our long and sometimes mystical journey to understand auxin. These highlights were selected to give a flavor of the field and to show the scope and limits of our current knowledge. A special focus is put on features that make auxin unique among phytohormones, such as its dynamic, directional transport network, which integrates external and internal signals, including self-organizing feedback. Accented are persistent mysteries and controversies. The unexpected discoveries related to rapid auxin responses and growth regulation recently disturbed our contentment regarding understanding of the auxin signaling mechanism. These new revelations, along with advances in technology, usher us into a new, exciting era in auxin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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9
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Sharma M, Sharma M, Jamsheer K M, Laxmi A. Jasmonic acid coordinates with light, glucose and auxin signalling in regulating branching angle of Arabidopsis lateral roots. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1554-1572. [PMID: 35147228 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of jasmonates (JAs) in primary root growth and development and in plant response to external stimuli is already known. However, its role in lateral root (LR) development remains to be explored. Our work identified methyl jasmonate (MeJA) as a key phytohormone in determining the branching angle of Arabidopsis LRs. MeJA inclines the LRs to a more vertical orientation, which was dependent on the canonical JAR1-COI1-MYC2,3,4 signalling. Our work also highlights the dual roles of light in governing LR angle. Light signalling enhances JA biosynthesis, leading to erect root architecture; whereas, glucose (Glc) induces wider branching angles. Combining physiological and molecular assays, we revealed that Glc antagonises the MeJA response via TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) signalling. Moreover, physiological assays using auxin mutants, MYC2-mediated transcriptional activation of LAZY2, LAZY4 and auxin biosynthetic gene CYP79B2, and asymmetric distribution of DR5::GFP and PIN2::GFP pinpointed the role of an intact auxin machinery required by MeJA for vertical growth of LRs. We also demonstrated that light perception and signalling are indispensable for inducing vertical angles by MeJA. Thus, our investigation highlights antagonism between light and Glc signalling and how they interact with JA-auxin signals to optimise the branching angle of LRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvi Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohan Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ashverya Laxmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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10
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Li M, Zhu Y, Li S, Zhang W, Yin C, Lin Y. Regulation of Phytohormones on the Growth and Development of Plant Root Hair. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:865302. [PMID: 35401627 PMCID: PMC8988291 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The tubular-shaped unicellular extensions of plant epidermal cells known as root hairs are important components of plant roots and play crucial roles in absorbing nutrients and water and in responding to stress. The growth and development of root hair include, mainly, fate determination of root hair cells, root hair initiation, and root hair elongation. Phytohormones play important regulatory roles as signal molecules in the growth and development of root hair. In this review, we describe the regulatory roles of auxin, ethylene (ETH), jasmonate (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), strigolactone (SL), cytokinin (CK), and brassinosteroid (BR) in the growth and development of plant root hairs. Auxin, ETH, and CK play positive regulation while BR plays negative regulation in the fate determination of root hair cells; Auxin, ETH, JA, CK, and ABA play positive regulation while BR plays negative regulation in the root hair initiation; Auxin, ETH, CK, and JA play positive regulation while BR, GA, and ABA play negative regulation in the root hair elongation. Phytohormones regulate root hair growth and development mainly by regulating transcription of root hair associated genes, including WEREWOLF (WER), GLABRA2 (GL2), CAPRICE (CPC), and HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6). Auxin and ETH play vital roles in this regulation, with JA, ABA, SL, and BR interacting with auxin and ETH to regulate further the growth and development of root hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanchun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Susu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changxi Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Changxi Yin,
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Larriba E, Sánchez-García AB, Justamante MS, Martínez-Andújar C, Albacete A, Pérez-Pérez JM. Dynamic Hormone Gradients Regulate Wound-Induced de novo Organ Formation in Tomato Hypocotyl Explants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11843. [PMID: 34769274 PMCID: PMC8584571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have a remarkable regenerative capacity, which allows them to survive tissue damage after biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we use Solanum lycopersicum 'Micro-Tom' explants as a model to investigate wound-induced de novo organ formation, as these explants can regenerate the missing structures without the exogenous application of plant hormones. Here, we performed simultaneous targeted profiling of 22 phytohormone-related metabolites during de novo organ formation and found that endogenous hormone levels dynamically changed after root and shoot excision, according to region-specific patterns. Our results indicate that a defined temporal window of high auxin-to-cytokinin accumulation in the basal region of the explants was required for adventitious root formation and that was dependent on a concerted regulation of polar auxin transport through the hypocotyl, of local induction of auxin biosynthesis, and of local inhibition of auxin degradation. In the apical region, though, a minimum of auxin-to-cytokinin ratio is established shortly after wounding both by decreasing active auxin levels and by draining auxin via its basipetal transport and internalization. Cross-validation with transcriptomic data highlighted the main hormonal gradients involved in wound-induced de novo organ formation in tomato hypocotyl explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Larriba
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (E.L.); (A.B.S.-G.); (M.S.J.)
| | - Ana Belén Sánchez-García
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (E.L.); (A.B.S.-G.); (M.S.J.)
| | - María Salud Justamante
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (E.L.); (A.B.S.-G.); (M.S.J.)
| | - Cristina Martínez-Andújar
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.M.-A.); (A.A.)
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.M.-A.); (A.A.)
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (E.L.); (A.B.S.-G.); (M.S.J.)
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12
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Mass Spectrometric Monitoring of Plant Hormone Cross Talk During Biotic Stress Responses in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34448159 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1609-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The potato is among the most important food crops in the world and of incalculable value for global food security. In 2012, the crop area for potato in Northern and Western Europe reached almost 1 million ha and a production of over 37 million tons with an average yield between 18 and 45 tons/ha. However, current potato production is put in jeopardy by a number of important biotic stress factors including late blight (Phytophthora infestans), which was responsible for the disastrous Irish potato famine during 1843-1845. P. infestans shows a remarkable capacity for adaptation with respect to host genotype and applied fungicides. This has made disease management to become more and more difficult and put substantial emphasis on gaining more detailed insight into the molecular bases of plant pathogen interactions, in order to find more sophisticated ways for biological pest control. The plant hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) play central roles in the regulation of plant responses to biotic foes. In addition, other phytohormones including auxins and abscisic acid (ABA) have also been associated with plant defense responses. For this reason, the parallel analysis of multiple plant hormones in small tissue amounts represents an important field of research in contemporary plant sciences. Here, we describe a highly sensitive and accurate method for the quantitative analysis of ABA, JA, SA, and indole-3-acetic acid in potato plants by gas chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS).
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13
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Lanthanum(III) triggers AtrbohD- and jasmonic acid-dependent systemic endocytosis in plants. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4327. [PMID: 34267202 PMCID: PMC8282819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trivalent rare earth elements (REEs) are widely used in agriculture. Aerially applied REEs enter leaf epidermal cells by endocytosis and act systemically to improve the growth of the whole plant. The mechanistic basis of their systemic activity is unclear. Here, we show that treatment of Arabidopsis leaves with trivalent lanthanum [La(III)], a representative of REEs, triggers systemic endocytosis from leaves to roots. La(III)-induced systemic endocytosis requires AtrbohD-mediated reactive oxygen species production and jasmonic acid. Systemic endocytosis impacts the accumulation of mineral elements and the development of roots consistent with the growth promoting effects induced by aerially applied REEs. These findings provide insights into the mechanistic basis of REE activity in plants.
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14
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Qi X, Gu P, Shan X. Current progress of PM-localized protein functions in jasmonate pathway. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1906573. [PMID: 33818272 PMCID: PMC8143263 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1906573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate (JA), a class of lipid-derived phytohormone, regulates diverse developmental processes and responses to abiotic or biotic stresses. The biosynthesis and signaling of JA mainly occur in various organelles, except for the plasma membrane (PM). Recently, several PM proteins have been reported to be associated with the JA pathway. This mini-review summarized the recent progress on the functional role of PM-localized proteins involved in JA transportation, JA-related defense responses, and JA-regulated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Qi
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Gu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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15
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Sharma M, Singh D, Saksena HB, Sharma M, Tiwari A, Awasthi P, Botta HK, Shukla BN, Laxmi A. Understanding the Intricate Web of Phytohormone Signalling in Modulating Root System Architecture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115508. [PMID: 34073675 PMCID: PMC8197090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Root system architecture (RSA) is an important developmental and agronomic trait that is regulated by various physical factors such as nutrients, water, microbes, gravity, and soil compaction as well as hormone-mediated pathways. Phytohormones act as internal mediators between soil and RSA to influence various events of root development, starting from organogenesis to the formation of higher order lateral roots (LRs) through diverse mechanisms. Apart from interaction with the external cues, root development also relies on the complex web of interaction among phytohormones to exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effects to improve crop performance. However, there are considerable gaps in understanding the interaction of these hormonal networks during various aspects of root development. In this review, we elucidate the role of different hormones to modulate a common phenotypic output, such as RSA in Arabidopsis and crop plants, and discuss future perspectives to channel vast information on root development to modulate RSA components.
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16
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Bai Y, Fernández-Calvo P, Ritter A, Huang AC, Morales-Herrera S, Bicalho KU, Karady M, Pauwels L, Buyst D, Njo M, Ljung K, Martins JC, Vanneste S, Beeckman T, Osbourn A, Goossens A, Pollier J. Modulation of Arabidopsis root growth by specialized triterpenes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:228-243. [PMID: 33616937 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots are specialized belowground organs that spatiotemporally shape their development in function of varying soil conditions. This root plasticity relies on intricate molecular networks driven by phytohormones, such as auxin and jasmonate (JA). Loss-of-function of the NOVEL INTERACTOR OF JAZ (NINJA), a core component of the JA signaling pathway, leads to enhanced triterpene biosynthesis, in particular of the thalianol gene cluster, in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. We have investigated the biological role of thalianol and its derivatives by focusing on Thalianol Synthase (THAS) and Thalianol Acyltransferase 2 (THAA2), two thalianol cluster genes that are upregulated in the roots of ninja mutant plants. THAS and THAA2 activity was investigated in yeast, and metabolite and phenotype profiling of thas and thaa2 loss-of-function plants was carried out. THAA2 was shown to be responsible for the acetylation of thalianol and its derivatives, both in yeast and in planta. In addition, THAS and THAA2 activity was shown to modulate root development. Our results indicate that the thalianol pathway is not only controlled by phytohormonal cues, but also may modulate phytohormonal action itself, thereby affecting root development and interaction with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechen Bai
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Andrés Ritter
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Ancheng C Huang
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich,, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Stefania Morales-Herrera
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- VIB Center for Microbiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Keylla U Bicalho
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Michal Karady
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Laurens Pauwels
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Dieter Buyst
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Maria Njo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Karen Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - José C Martins
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Lab of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, 21985, Korea
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Anne Osbourn
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich,, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
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17
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Tan S, Luschnig C, Friml J. Pho-view of Auxin: Reversible Protein Phosphorylation in Auxin Biosynthesis, Transport and Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:151-165. [PMID: 33186755 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin plays a central role in shaping plant growth and development. With decades of genetic and biochemical studies, numerous core molecular components and their networks, underlying auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling, have been identified. Notably, protein phosphorylation, catalyzed by kinases and oppositely hydrolyzed by phosphatases, has been emerging to be a crucial type of post-translational modification, regulating physiological and developmental auxin output at all levels. In this review, we comprehensively discuss earlier and recent advances in our understanding of genetics, biochemistry, and cell biology of the kinases and phosphatases participating in auxin action. We provide insights into the mechanisms by which reversible protein phosphorylation defines developmental auxin responses, discuss current challenges, and provide our perspectives on future directions involving the integration of the control of protein phosphorylation into the molecular auxin network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Christian Luschnig
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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18
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Reem NT, Chambers L, Zhang N, Abdullah SF, Chen Y, Feng G, Gao S, Soto-Burgos J, Pogorelko G, Bassham DC, Anderson CT, Walley JW, Zabotina OA. Post-Synthetic Reduction of Pectin Methylesterification Causes Morphological Abnormalities and Alterations to Stress Response in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111558. [PMID: 33198397 PMCID: PMC7697075 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pectin is a critical component of the plant cell wall, supporting wall biomechanics and contributing to cell wall signaling in response to stress. The plant cell carefully regulates pectin methylesterification with endogenous pectin methylesterases (PMEs) and their inhibitors (PMEIs) to promote growth and protect against pathogens. We expressed Aspergillus nidulans pectin methylesterase (AnPME) in Arabidopsis thaliana plants to determine the impacts of methylesterification status on pectin function. Plants expressing AnPME had a roughly 50% reduction in methylester content compared with control plants. AnPME plants displayed a severe dwarf phenotype, including small, bushy rosettes and shorter roots. This phenotype was caused by a reduction in cell elongation. Cell wall composition was altered in AnPME plants, with significantly more arabinose and significantly less galacturonic acid, suggesting that plants actively monitor and compensate for altered pectin content. Cell walls of AnPME plants were more readily degraded by polygalacturonase (PG) alone but were less susceptible to treatment with a mixture of PG and PME. AnPME plants were insensitive to osmotic stress, and their susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea was comparable to wild type plants despite their compromised cell walls. This is likely due to upregulated expression of defense response genes observed in AnPME plants. These results demonstrate the importance of pectin in both normal growth and development, and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T. Reem
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (N.T.R.); (L.C.); (N.Z.); (S.F.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Lauran Chambers
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (N.T.R.); (L.C.); (N.Z.); (S.F.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (N.T.R.); (L.C.); (N.Z.); (S.F.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Siti Farah Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (N.T.R.); (L.C.); (N.Z.); (S.F.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Yintong Chen
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (Y.C.); (G.F.); (C.T.A.)
| | - Guanhua Feng
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (Y.C.); (G.F.); (C.T.A.)
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (S.G.); (J.W.W.)
| | - Junmarie Soto-Burgos
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (J.S.-B.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Gennady Pogorelko
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (N.T.R.); (L.C.); (N.Z.); (S.F.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Diane C. Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (J.S.-B.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Charles T. Anderson
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (Y.C.); (G.F.); (C.T.A.)
| | - Justin W. Walley
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (S.G.); (J.W.W.)
| | - Olga A. Zabotina
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (N.T.R.); (L.C.); (N.Z.); (S.F.A.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-515-294-6125
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19
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Villalobos-Escobedo JM, Esparza-Reynoso S, Pelagio-Flores R, López-Ramírez F, Ruiz-Herrera LF, López-Bucio J, Herrera-Estrella A. The fungal NADPH oxidase is an essential element for the molecular dialog between Trichoderma and Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:2178-2192. [PMID: 32578269 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Members of the fungal genus Trichoderma stimulate growth and reinforce plant immunity. Nevertheless, how fungal signaling elements mediate the establishment of a successful Trichoderma-plant interaction is largely unknown. In this work, we analyzed growth, root architecture and defense in an Arabidopsis-Trichoderma co-cultivation system, including the wild-type (WT) strain of the fungus and mutants affected in NADPH oxidase. Global gene expression profiles were assessed in both the plant and the fungus during the establishment of the interaction. Trichoderma atroviride WT improved root branching and growth of seedling as previously reported. This effect diminished in co-cultivation with the ∆nox1, ∆nox2 and ∆noxR null mutants. The data gathered of the Arabidopsis interaction with the ∆noxR strain showed that the seedlings had a heightened immune response linked to jasmonic acid in roots and shoots. In the fungus, we observed repression of genes involved in complex carbohydrate degradation in the presence of the plant before contact. However, in the absence of NoxR, such repression was lost, apparently due to a poor ability to adequately utilize simple carbon sources such as sucrose, a typical plant exudate. Our results unveiled the critical role played by the Trichoderma NoxR in the establishment of a fine-tuned communication between the plant and the fungus even before physical contact. In this dialog, the fungus appears to respond to the plant by adjusting its metabolism, while in the plant, fungal perception determines a delicate growth-defense balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Villalobos-Escobedo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Km. 9.6 libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, C. P. 36824, México
| | - Saraí Esparza-Reynoso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, C. P. 58030, México
| | - Ramón Pelagio-Flores
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Km. 9.6 libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, C. P. 36824, México
- Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, C. P. 58240, México
| | - Fabiola López-Ramírez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Km. 9.6 libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, C. P. 36824, México
| | - León F Ruiz-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, C. P. 58030, México
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, C. P. 58030, México
| | - Alfredo Herrera-Estrella
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Km. 9.6 libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, C. P. 36824, México
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Islam MT, Gan HM, Ziemann M, Hussain HI, Arioli T, Cahill D. Phaeophyceaean (Brown Algal) Extracts Activate Plant Defense Systems in Arabidopsis thaliana Challenged With Phytophthora cinnamomi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:852. [PMID: 32765538 PMCID: PMC7381280 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed extracts are important sources of plant biostimulants that boost agricultural productivity to meet current world demand. The ability of seaweed extracts based on either of the Phaeophyceaean species Ascophyllum nodosum or Durvillaea potatorum to enhance plant growth or suppress plant disease have recently been shown. However, very limited information is available on the mechanisms of suppression of plant disease by such extracts. In addition, there is no information on the ability of a combination of extracts from A. nodosum and D. potatorum to suppress a plant pathogen or to induce plant defense. The present study has explored the transcriptome, using RNA-seq, of Arabidopsis thaliana following treatment with extracts from the two species, or a mixture of both, prior to inoculation with the root pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. Following inoculation, five time points (0-24 h post-inoculation) that represented early stages in the interaction of the pathogen with its host were assessed for each treatment and compared with their respective water controls. Wide scale transcriptome reprogramming occurred predominantly related to phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, changes in metabolic processes and cell wall biosynthesis, there was a broad induction of proteolysis pathways, a respiratory burst and numerous defense-related responses were induced. The induction by each seaweed extract of defense-related genes coincident with the time of inoculation showed that the plants were primed for defense prior to infection. Each seaweed extract acted differently in inducing plant defense-related genes. However, major systemic acquired resistance (SAR)-related genes as well as salicylic acid-regulated marker genes (PR1, PR5, and NPR1) and auxin associated genes were found to be commonly up-regulated compared with the controls following treatment with each seaweed extract. Moreover, each seaweed extract suppressed P. cinnamomi growth within the roots of inoculated A. thaliana by the early induction of defense pathways and likely through ROS-based signaling pathways that were linked to production of ROS. Collectively, the RNA-seq transcriptome analysis revealed the induction by seaweed extracts of suites of genes that are associated with direct or indirect plant defense in addition to responses that require cellular energy to maintain plant growth during biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tohidul Islam
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Han Ming Gan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Ziemann
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Tony Arioli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Seasol International R&D Department, Bayswater, VIC, Australia
| | - David Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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21
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Semeradova H, Montesinos JC, Benkova E. All Roads Lead to Auxin: Post-translational Regulation of Auxin Transport by Multiple Hormonal Pathways. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100048. [PMID: 33367243 PMCID: PMC7747973 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a key hormonal regulator, that governs plant growth and development in concert with other hormonal pathways. The unique feature of auxin is its polar, cell-to-cell transport that leads to the formation of local auxin maxima and gradients, which coordinate initiation and patterning of plant organs. The molecular machinery mediating polar auxin transport is one of the important points of interaction with other hormones. Multiple hormonal pathways converge at the regulation of auxin transport and form a regulatory network that integrates various developmental and environmental inputs to steer plant development. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms that underlie regulation of polar auxin transport by multiple hormonal pathways. Specifically, we focus on the post-translational mechanisms that contribute to fine-tuning of the abundance and polarity of auxin transporters at the plasma membrane and thereby enable rapid modification of the auxin flow to coordinate plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Semeradova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Eva Benkova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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22
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Lakehal A, Ranjan A, Bellini C. Multiple Roles of Jasmonates in Shaping Rhizotaxis: Emerging Integrators. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2085:3-22. [PMID: 31734913 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0142-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The root system and its architecture enormously contribute to plant survival and adaptation to the environment. Depending on the intrinsic genetic information and the surrounding rhizosphere, plants develop a highly plastic root system, which is a critical determinant for survival. Plant root system, which includes primary root (PR), lateral roots (LR) and adventitious roots (AR), is shaped by tightly controlled developmental programs. Phytohormones are the main signaling components that orchestrate and coordinate the genetic information and the external stimuli to shape the root system patterning or rhizotaxis. Besides their role in plant stress responses and defense against herbivory and pathogen attacks, jasmonic acid and its derivatives, including the receptor-active conjugate jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), emerge as potential regulators of rhizotaxis. In this chapter, we summarize and discuss the recent progress achieved during the recent years to understand the JA-mediated genetic and molecular networks guiding PR, LR, and AR initiation. We highlight the role of JAs as critical integrators in shaping rhizotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Lakehal
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. .,Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France.
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23
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Wu Q, Du M, Wu J, Wang N, Wang B, Li F, Tian X, Li Z. Mepiquat chloride promotes cotton lateral root formation by modulating plant hormone homeostasis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:573. [PMID: 31864311 PMCID: PMC6925410 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mepiquat chloride (MC), a plant growth regulator, enhances root growth by promoting lateral root formation in cotton. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon is still unknown. METHODS In this study, we used 10 cotton (Gossypium hirsutum Linn.) cultivars to perform a seed treatment with MC to investigate lateral root formation, and selected a MC sensitive cotton cultivar for dynamic monitor of root growth and transcriptome analysis during lateral root development upon MC seed treatment. RESULTS The results showed that MC treated seeds promotes the lateral root formation in a dosage-depended manner and the effective promotion region is within 5 cm from the base of primary root. MC treated seeds induce endogenous auxin level by altering gene expression of both gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and signaling and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Meanwhile, MC treated seeds differentially express genes involved in indole acetic acid (IAA) synthesis and transport. Furthermore, MC-induced IAA regulates the expression of genes related to cell cycle and division for lateral root development. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that MC orchestrates GA and ABA metabolism and signaling, which further regulates auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling to promote the cell division responsible for lateral root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
- Institute of Agricultural Information, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Mingwei Du
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jie Wu
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Baomin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Fangjun Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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24
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A DAO1-Mediated Circuit Controls Auxin and Jasmonate Crosstalk Robustness during Adventitious Root Initiation in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184428. [PMID: 31505771 PMCID: PMC6769753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adventitious rooting is a post-embryonic developmental program governed by a multitude of endogenous and environmental cues. Auxin, along with other phytohormones, integrates and translates these cues into precise molecular signatures to provide a coherent developmental output. Auxin signaling guides every step of adventitious root (AR) development from the early event of cell reprogramming and identity transitions until emergence. We have previously shown that auxin signaling controls the early events of AR initiation (ARI) by modulating the homeostasis of the negative regulator jasmonate (JA). Although considerable knowledge has been acquired about the role of auxin and JA in ARI, the genetic components acting downstream of JA signaling and the mechanistic basis controlling the interaction between these two hormones are not well understood. Here we provide evidence that COI1-dependent JA signaling controls the expression of DAO1 and its closely related paralog DAO2. In addition, we show that the dao1-1 loss of function mutant produces more ARs than the wild type, probably due to its deficiency in accumulating JA and its bioactive metabolite JA-Ile. Together, our data indicate that DAO1 controls a sensitive feedback circuit that stabilizes the auxin and JA crosstalk during ARI.
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25
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Druege U, Hilo A, Pérez-Pérez JM, Klopotek Y, Acosta M, Shahinnia F, Zerche S, Franken P, Hajirezaei MR. Molecular and physiological control of adventitious rooting in cuttings: phytohormone action meets resource allocation. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 123:929-949. [PMID: 30759178 PMCID: PMC6589513 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adventitious root (AR) formation in excised plant parts is a bottleneck for survival of isolated plant fragments. AR formation plays an important ecological role and is a critical process in cuttings for the clonal propagation of horticultural and forestry crops. Therefore, understanding the regulation of excision-induced AR formation is essential for sustainable and efficient utilization of plant genetic resources. SCOPE Recent studies of plant transcriptomes, proteomes and metabolomes, and the use of mutants and transgenic lines have significantly expanded our knowledge concerning excision-induced AR formation. Here, we integrate new findings regarding AR formation in the cuttings of diverse plant species. These findings support a new system-oriented concept that the phytohormone-controlled reprogramming and differentiation of particular responsive cells in the cutting base interacts with a co-ordinated reallocation of plant resources within the whole cutting to initiate and drive excision-induced AR formation. Master control by auxin involves diverse transcription factors and mechanically sensitive microtubules, and is further linked to ethylene, jasmonates, cytokinins and strigolactones. Hormone functions seem to involve epigenetic factors and cross-talk with metabolic signals, reflecting the nutrient status of the cutting. By affecting distinct physiological units in the cutting, environmental factors such as light, nitrogen and iron modify the implementation of the genetically controlled root developmental programme. CONCLUSION Despite advanced research in the last decade, important questions remain open for future investigations on excision-induced AR formation. These concern the distinct roles and interactions of certain molecular, hormonal and metabolic factors, as well as the functional equilibrium of the whole cutting in a complex environment. Starting from model plants, cell type- and phase-specific monitoring of controlling processes and modification of gene expression are promising methodologies that, however, need to be integrated into a coherent model of the whole system, before research findings can be translated to other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Druege
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Alexander Hilo
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | | | - Yvonne Klopotek
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Manuel Acosta
- Universidad de Murcia, Facultad de Biología, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fahimeh Shahinnia
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Siegfried Zerche
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Philipp Franken
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Mohammad R Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
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26
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Zhang RX, Ge S, He J, Li S, Hao Y, Du H, Liu Z, Cheng R, Feng YQ, Xiong L, Li C, Hetherington AM, Liang YK. BIG regulates stomatal immunity and jasmonate production in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:335-348. [PMID: 30372534 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved an array of responses that provide them with protection from attack by microorganisms and other predators. Many of these mechanisms depend upon interactions between the plant hormones jasmonate (JA) and ethylene (ET). However, the molecular basis of these interactions is insufficiently understood. Gene expression and physiological assays with mutants were performed to investigate the role of Arabidopsis BIG gene in stress responses. BIG transcription is downregulated by methyl JA (MeJA), necrotrophic infection or mechanical injury. BIG deficiency promotes JA-dependent gene induction, increases JA production but restricts the accumulation of both ET and salicylic acid. JA-induced anthocyanin accumulation and chlorophyll degradation are enhanced and stomatal immunity is impaired by BIG disruption. Bacteria- and lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-induced stomatal closure is reduced in BIG gene mutants, which are hyper-susceptible to microbial pathogens with different lifestyles, but these mutants are less attractive to phytophagous insects. Our results indicate that BIG negatively and positively regulate the MYC2 and ERF1 arms of the JA signalling pathway. BIG warrants recognition as a new and distinct regulator that regulates JA responses, the synergistic interactions of JA and ET, and other hormonal interactions that reconcile the growth and defense dilemma in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shengchao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jingjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shuangchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yanhong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hao Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant, Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant, Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Alistair M Hetherington
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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27
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Lin W, Huang W, Ning S, Gong X, Ye Q, Wei D. Comparative transcriptome analyses revealed differential strategies of roots and leaves from methyl jasmonate treatment Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek and differentially expressed genes involved in tryptophan biosynthesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212863. [PMID: 30865659 PMCID: PMC6415880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek (B. cusia) is an effective herb for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia and psoriasis in traditional Chinese medicine. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a well-known signaling phytohormone that triggers gene expression in secondary metabolism. Currently, MeJA-mediated biosynthesis of indigo and indirubin in B. cusia is not well understood. In this study, we analyzed the content of indigo and indirubin in leaf and root tissues of B. cusia with high-performance liquid chromatography and measured photosynthetic characteristics of leaves treated by MeJA using FluorCam6 Fluorometer and chlorophyll fluorescence using the portable photosynthesis system CIRAS-2. We performed de novo RNA-seq of B. cusia leaf and root transcriptional profiles to investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to exogenous MeJA application. The amount of indigo in MeJA-treated leaves were higher than that in controled leaves (p = 0.004), and the amounts of indigo in treated roots was higher than that in controlled roots (p = 0.048); Chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves treated with MeJA were significantly decreased. Leaves treated with MeJA showed lower photosynthetic rate compared to the control in the absence of MeJA. Functional annotation of DEGs showed the DEGs related to growth and development processes were down-regulated in the treated leaves, while most of the unigenes involved in the defense response were up-regulated in treated roots. This coincided with the effects of MeJA on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence. The qRT-PCR results showed that MeJA appears to down-regulate the gene expression of tryptophan synthase β-subunits (trpA-β) in leaves but increased the gene expression of anthranilate synthase (trp 3) in roots responsible for increased indigo content. The results showed that MeJA suppressed leaf photosynthesis for B. cusia and this growth-defense trade-off may contribute to the improved adaptability of B. cusia in changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Lin
- School of Life science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Life science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuju Ning
- School of Crop science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaogui Gong
- School of Life science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Ye
- School of Life science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Daozhi Wei
- School of Life science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
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28
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Meents AK, Furch ACU, Almeida-Trapp M, Özyürek S, Scholz SS, Kirbis A, Lenser T, Theißen G, Grabe V, Hansson B, Mithöfer A, Oelmüller R. Beneficial and Pathogenic Arabidopsis Root-Interacting Fungi Differently Affect Auxin Levels and Responsive Genes During Early Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:380. [PMID: 30915043 PMCID: PMC6422953 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) is an important phytohormone involved in root growth and development. Root-interacting beneficial and pathogenic fungi utilize auxin and its target genes to manipulate the performance of their hosts for their own needs. In order to follow and visualize auxin effects in fungi-colonized Arabidopsis roots, we used the dual auxin reporter construct DR5::EGFP-DR5v2::tdTomato and fluorescence microscopy as well as LC-MS-based phytohormone analyses. We demonstrate that the beneficial endophytic fungi Piriformospora indica and Mortierella hyalina produce and accumulate IAA in their mycelia, in contrast to the phytopathogenic biotrophic fungus Verticillium dahliae and the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. Within 3 h after exposure of Arabidopsis roots to the pathogens, the signals of the auxin-responsive reporter genes disappeared. When exposed to P. indica, significantly higher auxin levels and stimulated expression of auxin-responsive reporter genes were detected both in lateral root primordia and the root elongation zone within 1 day. Elevated auxin levels were also present in the M. hyalina/Arabidopsis root interaction, but no downstream effects on auxin-responsive reporter genes were observed. However, the jasmonate level was strongly increased in the colonized roots. We propose that the lack of stimulated root growth upon infection with M. hyalina is not caused by the absence of auxin, but an inhibitory effect mediated by high jasmonate content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja K Meents
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.,Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra C U Furch
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Marília Almeida-Trapp
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Sedef Özyürek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra S Scholz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Kirbis
- Department of Genetics, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Teresa Lenser
- Department of Genetics, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Günter Theißen
- Department of Genetics, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Veit Grabe
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Bill Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.,Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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29
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Liu A, Xiao Z, Li MW, Wong FL, Yung WS, Ku YS, Wang Q, Wang X, Xie M, Yim AKY, Chan TF, Lam HM. Transcriptomic reprogramming in soybean seedlings under salt stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:98-114. [PMID: 29508916 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To obtain a comprehensive understanding of transcriptomic reprogramming under salt stress, we performed whole-transcriptome sequencing on the leaf and root of soybean seedlings subjected to salt treatment in a time-course experiment (0, 1, 2, 4, 24, and 48 hr). This time series dataset enabled us to identify important hubs and connections of gene expressions. We highlighted the analysis on phytohormone signaling pathways and their possible crosstalks. Differential expressions were also found among those genes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism. In general, the salt-treated seedlings slowed down their photosynthetic functions and ramped up sugar catabolism to provide extra energy for survival. Primary nitrogen assimilation was shut down whereas nitrogen resources were redistributed. Overall, the results from the transcriptomic analyses indicate that the plant uses a multipronged approach to overcome salt stress, with both fast-acting, immediate physiological responses, and longer term reactions that may involve metabolic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Liu
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhixia Xiao
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Man-Wah Li
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Fuk-Ling Wong
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wai-Shing Yung
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yee-Shan Ku
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Min Xie
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Aldrin Kay-Yuen Yim
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Wu J, Cao J, Su M, Feng G, Xu Y, Yi H. Genome-wide comprehensive analysis of transcriptomes and small RNAs offers insights into the molecular mechanism of alkaline stress tolerance in a citrus rootstock. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:33. [PMID: 30854210 PMCID: PMC6395741 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline stress has serious-negative effects on citrus production. Ziyang xiangcheng (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) (Cj) is a rootstock that is tolerant to alkaline stress and iron deficiency. Trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) (Pt), the most widely used rootstock in China, is sensitive to alkaline stress. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the tolerance of Cj to alkaline stress, next-generation sequencing was employed to profile the root transcriptomes and small RNAs of Cj and Pt seedlings that were cultured in nutrient solutions along a three pH gradient. This two-level regulation data set provides a system-level view of molecular events with a precise resolution. The data suggest that the auxin pathway may play a central role in the inhibitory effect of alkaline stress on root growth and that the regulation of auxin homeostasis under alkaline stress is important for the adaptation of citrus to alkaline stress. Moreover, the jasmonate (JA) pathway exhibits the opposite response to alkaline stress in Cj and Pt and may contribute to the differences in the alkaline stress tolerance and iron acquisition between Cj and Pt. The dataset provides a wealth of genomic resources and new clues to further study the mechanisms underlying alkaline stress resistance in Cj.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 PR China
| | - Junying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 PR China
| | - Mei Su
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 PR China
| | - Guizhi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 PR China
| | - Yanhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 PR China
| | - Hualin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 PR China
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Liu C, Shen W, Yang C, Zeng L, Gao C. Knowns and unknowns of plasma membrane protein degradation in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 272:55-61. [PMID: 29807606 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM) not only creates a physical barrier to enclose the intracellular compartments but also mediates the direct communication between plants and the ever-changing environment. A tight control of PM protein homeostasis by selective degradation is thus crucial for proper plant development and plant-environment interactions. Accumulated evidences have shown that a number of plant PM proteins undergo clathrin-dependent or membrane microdomain-associated endocytic routes to vacuole for degradation in a cargo-ubiquitination dependent or independent manner. Besides, several trans-acting determinants involved in the regulation of endocytosis, recycling and multivesicular body-mediated vacuolar sorting have been identified in plants. More interestingly, recent findings have uncovered the participation of selective autophagy in PM protein turnover in plants. Although great progresses have been made to identify the PM proteins that undergo dynamic changes in subcellular localizations and to explore the factors that control the membrane protein trafficking, several questions remain to be answered regarding the molecular mechanisms of PM protein degradation in plants. In this short review article, we briefly summarize recent progress in our understanding of the internalization, sorting and degradation of plant PM proteins. More specifically, we focus on discussing the elusive aspects underlying the pathways of PM protein degradation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanliang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wenjin Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lizhang Zeng
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Fujita H, Kawaguchi M. Spatial regularity control of phyllotaxis pattern generated by the mutual interaction between auxin and PIN1. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006065. [PMID: 29614066 PMCID: PMC5882125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllotaxis, the arrangement of leaves on a plant stem, is well known because of its beautiful geometric configuration, which is derived from the constant spacing between leaf primordia. This phyllotaxis is established by mutual interaction between a diffusible plant hormone auxin and its efflux carrier PIN1, which cooperatively generate a regular pattern of auxin maxima, small regions with high auxin concentrations, leading to leaf primordia. However, the molecular mechanism of the regular pattern of auxin maxima is still largely unknown. To better understand how the phyllotaxis pattern is controlled, we investigated mathematical models based on the auxin-PIN1 interaction through linear stability analysis and numerical simulations, focusing on the spatial regularity control of auxin maxima. As in previous reports, we first confirmed that this spatial regularity can be reproduced by a highly simplified and abstract model. However, this model lacks the extracellular region and is not appropriate for considering the molecular mechanism. Thus, we investigated how auxin maxima patterns are affected under more realistic conditions. We found that the spatial regularity is eliminated by introducing the extracellular region, even in the presence of direct diffusion between cells or between extracellular spaces, and this strongly suggests the existence of an unknown molecular mechanism. To unravel this mechanism, we assumed a diffusible molecule to verify various feedback interactions with auxin-PIN1 dynamics. We revealed that regular patterns can be restored by a diffusible molecule that mediates the signaling from auxin to PIN1 polarization. Furthermore, as in the one-dimensional case, similar results are observed in the two-dimensional space. These results provide a great insight into the theoretical and molecular basis for understanding the phyllotaxis pattern. Our theoretical analysis strongly predicts a diffusible molecule that is pivotal for the phyllotaxis pattern but is yet to be determined experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Fujita
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masayoshi Kawaguchi
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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Nanda AK, Melnyk CW. The role of plant hormones during grafting. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2018; 131:49-58. [PMID: 29181647 PMCID: PMC5762790 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
For millennia, people have cut and joined different plant tissues together through a process known as grafting. By creating a chimeric organism, desirable properties from two plants combine to enhance disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, vigour or facilitate the asexual propagation of plants. In addition, grafting has been extremely informative in science for studying and identifying the long-distance movement of molecules. Despite its increasing use in horticulture and science, how plants undertake the process of grafting remains elusive. Here, we discuss specifically the role of eight major plant hormones during the wound healing and vascular formation process, two phenomena involved in grafting. We furthermore present the roles of these hormones during graft formation and highlight knowledge gaps and future areas of interest for the field of grafting biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit K Nanda
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 5, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charles W Melnyk
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 5, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Baluška F, Mancuso S. Plant Cognition and Behavior: From Environmental Awareness to Synaptic Circuits Navigating Root Apices. MEMORY AND LEARNING IN PLANTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75596-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ferrieri AP, Machado RAR, Arce CCM, Kessler D, Baldwin IT, Erb M. Localized micronutrient patches induce lateral root foraging and chemotropism in Nicotiana attenuata. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:759-771. [PMID: 28650091 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients are distributed unevenly in the soil. Phenotypic plasticity in root growth and proliferation may enable plants to cope with this variation and effectively forage for essential nutrients. However, how micronutrients shape root architecture of plants in their natural environments is poorly understood. We used a combination of field and laboratory-based assays to determine the capacity of Nicotiana attenuata to direct root growth towards localized nutrient patches in its native environment. Plants growing in nature displayed a particular root phenotype consisting of a single primary root and a few long, shallow lateral roots. Analysis of bulk soil surrounding the lateral roots revealed a strong positive correlation between lateral root placement and micronutrient gradients, including copper, iron and zinc. In laboratory assays, the application of localized micronutrient salts close to lateral root tips led to roots bending in the direction of copper and iron. This form of chemotropism was absent in ethylene and jasmonic acid deficient lines, suggesting that it is controlled in part by these two hormones. This work demonstrates that directed root growth underlies foraging behavior, and suggests that chemotropism and micronutrient-guided root placement are important factors that shape root architecture in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail P Ferrieri
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ricardo A R Machado
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carla C M Arce
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Danny Kessler
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Erb
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
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Konopka-Postupolska D, Clark G. Annexins as Overlooked Regulators of Membrane Trafficking in Plant Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E863. [PMID: 28422051 PMCID: PMC5412444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins are an evolutionary conserved superfamily of proteins able to bind membrane phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. Their physiological roles are still being intensively examined and it seems that, despite their general structural similarity, individual proteins are specialized toward specific functions. However, due to their general ability to coordinate membranes in a calcium-sensitive fashion they are thought to participate in membrane flow. In this review, we present a summary of the current understanding of cellular transport in plant cells and consider the possible roles of annexins in different stages of vesicular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Konopka-Postupolska
- Plant Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland.
| | - Greg Clark
- Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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37
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Huang H, Liu B, Liu L, Song S. Jasmonate action in plant growth and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1349-1359. [PMID: 28158849 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones, including jasmonates (JAs), gibberellin, ethylene, abscisic acid, and auxin, integrate endogenous developmental cues with environmental signals to regulate plant growth, development, and defense. JAs are well- recognized lipid-derived stress hormones that regulate plant adaptations to biotic stresses, including herbivore attack and pathogen infection, as well as abiotic stresses, including wounding, ozone, and ultraviolet radiation. An increasing number of studies have shown that JAs also have functions in a remarkable number of plant developmental events, including primary root growth, reproductive development, and leaf senescence. Since the 1980s, details of the JA biosynthesis pathway, signaling pathway, and crosstalk during plant growth and development have been elucidated. Here, we summarize recent advances and give an updated overview of JA action and crosstalk in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Susheng Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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38
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Loba VC, Alonso MMP, Pollmann S. Monitoring of Crosstalk Between Jasmonate and Auxin in the Framework of Plant Stress Responses of Roots. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1569:175-185. [PMID: 28265998 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6831-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, it became more and more evident that plant hormone action is to great parts determined through their sophisticated crosstalk, rather than by their isolated activities. Thus, the parallel analysis of interconnected phytohormones in only very small amounts of tissue developed to an important issue in the field of plant sciences. In the following, a highly sensitive and accurate method is described for the quantitative analysis of the plant hormones jasmonic acid and indole-3-acetic acid in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The described methodology is, however, not limited to the analysis of Arabidopsis samples but can also be applied to other plant species. The presented method is optimized for the working up of as little as 20-50 mg of plant tissue. Thus, it is well suited for the analysis of plant hormone contents in plant tissue of only little biomass, such as roots. The presented protocol facilitates the implementation of the method into other laboratories that have access to appropriate laboratory equipment and comparable state-of-the-art gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Carrasco Loba
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autovía M-40, km 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta-Marina Pérez Alonso
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autovía M-40, km 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autovía M-40, km 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Jásik J, Bokor B, Stuchlík S, Mičieta K, Turňa J, Schmelzer E. Effects of Auxins on PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) Dynamics Are Not Mediated by Inhibiting PIN2 Endocytosis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1019-1031. [PMID: 27506239 PMCID: PMC5047079 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
By using the photoconvertible fluorescence protein Dendra2 as a tag we demonstrated that neither the naturally occurring auxins indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid, nor the synthetic auxin analogs 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid nor compounds inhibiting polar auxin transport such as 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid, were able to inhibit endocytosis of the putative auxin transporter PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root epidermis cells. All compounds, except Indole-3-butyric acid, repressed the recovery of the PIN2-Dendra2 plasma membrane pool after photoconversion when they were used in high concentrations. The synthetic auxin analogs 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid showed the strongest inhibition. Auxins and auxin transport inhibitors suppressed also the accumulation of both newly synthesized and endocytotic PIN2 pools in Brefeldin A compartments (BFACs). Furthermore, we demonstrated that all compounds are also interfering with BFAC formation. The synthetic auxin analogs caused the highest reduction in the number and size of BFACs. We concluded that auxins and inhibitors of auxin transport do affect PIN2 turnover in the cells, but it is through the synthetic rather than the endocytotic pathway. The study also confirmed inappropriateness of the BFA-based approach to study PIN2 endocytosis because the majority of PIN2 accumulating in BFACs is newly synthesized and not derived from the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Jásik
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia (J.J., B.B., S.S., K.M., J.T.); Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava (J.J.); Department of Molecular Biology, Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia (S.S., J.T.); Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia (K.M.); and Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 508 29 Cologne, Germany (E.S.)
| | - Boris Bokor
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia (J.J., B.B., S.S., K.M., J.T.); Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava (J.J.); Department of Molecular Biology, Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia (S.S., J.T.); Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia (K.M.); and Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 508 29 Cologne, Germany (E.S.)
| | - Stanislav Stuchlík
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia (J.J., B.B., S.S., K.M., J.T.); Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava (J.J.); Department of Molecular Biology, Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia (S.S., J.T.); Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia (K.M.); and Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 508 29 Cologne, Germany (E.S.)
| | - Karol Mičieta
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia (J.J., B.B., S.S., K.M., J.T.); Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava (J.J.); Department of Molecular Biology, Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia (S.S., J.T.); Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia (K.M.); and Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 508 29 Cologne, Germany (E.S.)
| | - Ján Turňa
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia (J.J., B.B., S.S., K.M., J.T.); Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava (J.J.); Department of Molecular Biology, Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia (S.S., J.T.); Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia (K.M.); and Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 508 29 Cologne, Germany (E.S.)
| | - Elmon Schmelzer
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia (J.J., B.B., S.S., K.M., J.T.); Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava (J.J.); Department of Molecular Biology, Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia (S.S., J.T.); Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia (K.M.); and Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 508 29 Cologne, Germany (E.S.)
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Chen HY, Hsieh EJ, Cheng MC, Chen CY, Hwang SY, Lin TP. ORA47 (octadecanoid-responsive AP2/ERF-domain transcription factor 47) regulates jasmonic acid and abscisic acid biosynthesis and signaling through binding to a novel cis-element. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:599-613. [PMID: 26974851 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ORA47 (octadecanoid-responsive AP2/ERF-domain transcription factor 47) of Arabidopsis thaliana is an AP2/ERF domain transcription factor that regulates jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis and is induced by methyl JA treatment. The regulatory mechanism of ORA47 remains unclear. ORA47 is shown to bind to the cis-element (NC/GT)CGNCCA, which is referred to as the O-box, in the promoter of ABI2. We proposed that ORA47 acts as a connection between ABA INSENSITIVE1 (ABI1) and ABI2 and mediates an ABI1-ORA47-ABI2 positive feedback loop. PORA47:ORA47-GFP transgenic plants were used in a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay to show that ORA47 participates in the biosynthesis and/or signaling pathways of nine phytohormones. Specifically, many abscisic acid (ABA) and JA biosynthesis and signaling genes were direct targets of ORA47 under stress conditions. The JA content of the P35S:ORA47-GR lines was highly induced under wounding and moderately induced under water stress relative to that of the wild-type plants. The wounding treatment moderately increased ABA accumulation in the transgenic lines, whereas the water stress treatment repressed the ABA content. ORA47 is proposed to play a role in the biosynthesis of JA and ABA and in regulating the biosynthesis and/or signaling of a suite of phytohormone genes when plants are subjected to wounding and water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Yu Chen
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - En-Jung Hsieh
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Department of Bio-lndustrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ying Hwang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Piao Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Gleason C, Leelarasamee N, Meldau D, Feussner I. OPDA Has Key Role in Regulating Plant Susceptibility to the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1565. [PMID: 27822219 PMCID: PMC5075541 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is a plant hormone that plays important roles in regulating plant defenses against necrotrophic pathogens and herbivorous insects, but the role of JA in mediating the plant responses to root-knot nematodes has been unclear. Here we show that an application of either methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or the JA-mimic coronatine (COR) on Arabidopsis significantly reduced the number of galls caused by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla. Interestingly, the MeJA-induced resistance was independent of the JA-receptor COI1 (CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1). The MeJA-treated plants accumulated the JA precursor cis-(+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) in addition to JA/JA-Isoleucine, indicating a positive feedback loop in JA biosynthesis. Using mutants in the JA-biosynthetic pathway, we found that plants deficient in the biosynthesis of JA and OPDA were hyper-susceptible to M. hapla. However, the opr3 mutant, which cannot convert OPDA to JA, exhibited wild-type levels of nematode galling. In addition, mutants in the JA-biosynthesis and perception which lie downstream of opr3 also displayed wild-type levels of galling. The data put OPR3 (OPDA reductase 3) as the branch point between hyper-susceptibility and wild-type like levels of disease. Overall, the data suggests that the JA precursor, OPDA, plays a role in regulating plant defense against nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Gleason
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Georg August University - Albrecht von Haller InstituteGöttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Georg August University - Göttingen Center for Molecular BiosciencesGöttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Cynthia Gleason,
| | - Natthanon Leelarasamee
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Georg August University - Albrecht von Haller InstituteGöttingen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Meldau
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg August University - Albrecht von Haller InstituteGöttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg August University - Albrecht von Haller InstituteGöttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg August University - Göttingen Center for Molecular BiosciencesGöttingen, Germany
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Cai XT, Xu P, Wang Y, Xiang CB. Activated expression of AtEDT1/HDG11 promotes lateral root formation in Arabidopsis mutant edt1 by upregulating jasmonate biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:1017-30. [PMID: 25752924 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Root architecture is crucial for plants to absorb water and nutrients. We previously reported edt1 (edt1D) mutant with altered root architecture that contributes significantly to drought resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here we report one of the mechanisms underlying EDT1/HDG11-conferred altered root architecture. Root transcriptome comparison between the wild type and edt1D revealed that the upregulated genes involved in jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling pathway were enriched in edt1D root, which were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Further analysis showed that EDT1/HDG11, as a transcription factor, bound directly to the HD binding sites in the promoters of AOS, AOC3, OPR3, and OPCL1, which encode four key enzymes in JA biosynthesis. We found that the jasmonic acid level was significantly elevated in edt1D root compared with that in the wild type subsequently. In addition, more auxin accumulation was observed in the lateral root primordium of edt1D compared with that of wild type. Genetic analysis of edt1D opcl1 double mutant also showed that HDG11 was partially dependent on JA in regulating LR formation. Taken together, overexpression of EDT1/HDG11 increases JA level in the root of edt1D by directly upregulating the expressions of several genes encoding JA biosynthesis enzymes to activate auxin signaling and promote lateral root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Teng Cai
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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Naseem M, Kaltdorf M, Dandekar T. The nexus between growth and defence signalling: auxin and cytokinin modulate plant immune response pathways. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:4885-96. [PMID: 26109575 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants deploy a finely tuned balance between growth and defence responses for better fitness. Crosstalk between defence signalling hormones such as salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonates (JAs) as well as growth regulators plays a significant role in mediating the trade-off between growth and defence in plants. Here, we specifically discuss how the mutual antagonism between the signalling of auxin and SA impacts on plant growth and defence. Furthermore, the synergism between auxin and JA benefits a class of plant pathogens. JA signalling also poses growth cuts through auxin. We discuss how the effect of cytokinins (CKs) is multifaceted and is effective against a broad range of pathogens in mediating immunity. The synergism between CKs and SA promotes defence against biotrophs. Reciprocally, SA inhibits CK-mediated growth responses. Recent reports show that CKs promote JA responses; however, in a feedback loop, JA suppresses CK responses. We also highlight crosstalk between auxin and CKs and discuss their antagonistic effects on plant immunity. Efforts to minimize the negative effects of auxin on immunity and a reduction in SA- and JA-mediated growth losses should lead to better sustainable plant protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naseem
- Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltdorf
- Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
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Doyle SM, Vain T, Robert S. Small molecules unravel complex interplay between auxin biology and endomembrane trafficking. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:4971-82. [PMID: 25911743 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The establishment and maintenance of controlled auxin gradients within plant tissues are essential for a multitude of developmental processes. Auxin gradient formation is co-ordinated via local biosynthesis and transport. Cell to cell auxin transport is facilitated and precisely regulated by complex endomembrane trafficking mechanisms that target auxin carrier proteins to their final destinations. In turn, auxin and cross-talk with other phytohormones regulate the endomembrane trafficking of auxin carriers. Dissecting such rapid and complicated processes is challenging for classical genetic experiments due to trafficking pathway diversity, gene functional redundancy, and lethality in loss-of-function mutants. Many of these difficulties can be bypassed via the use of small molecules to modify or disrupt the function or localization of proteins. Here, we will review examples of the knowledge acquired by the use of such chemical tools in this field, outlining the advantages afforded by chemical biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamsa M Doyle
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Vain
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Robert
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
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Eichmann R, Schäfer P. Growth versus immunity--a redirection of the cell cycle? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 26:106-12. [PMID: 26190589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Diseases caused by plant pathogens significantly reduce growth and yield in agricultural crop production. Raising immunity in crops is therefore a major aim in breeding programs. However, efforts to enhance immunity are challenged by the occurrence of growth inhibition triggered by immunity that can be as detrimental as diseases. In this review, we will propose molecular models to explain the inhibitory growth-immunity crosstalk. We will briefly discuss why the resource reallocation model might not represent the driving force for the observed growth-immunity trade-offs. We suggest a model in which immunity redirects and initiates hormone signalling activities that can impair plant growth by antagonising cell cycle regulation and meristem activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Eichmann
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | - Patrick Schäfer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK; Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK.
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Zhu C, Yang N, Ma X, Li G, Qian M, Ng D, Xia K, Gan L. Plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase is involved in methyl jasmonate-induced root hair formation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1025-36. [PMID: 25686579 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Our results show that methyl jasmonate induces plasma membrane H (+) -ATPase activity and subsequently influences the apoplastic pH of trichoblasts to maintain a cell wall pH environment appropriate for root hair development. Root hairs, which arise from root epidermal cells, are tubular structures that increase the efficiency of water absorption and nutrient uptake. Plant hormones are critical regulators of root hair development. In this study, we investigated the regulatory role of the plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPase in methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced root hair formation. We found that MeJA had a pronounced effect on the promotion of root hair formation in lettuce seedlings, but that this effect was blocked by the PM H(+)-ATPase inhibitor vanadate. Furthermore, MeJA treatment increased PM H(+)-ATPase activity in parallel with H(+) efflux from the root tips of lettuce seedlings and rhizosphere acidification. Our results also showed that MeJA-induced root hair formation was accompanied by hydrogen peroxide accumulation. The apoplastic acidification acted in concert with reactive oxygen species to modulate root hair formation. Our results suggest that the effect of MeJA on root hair formation is mediated by modulation of PM H(+)-ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Arabidopsis ERF109 mediates cross-talk between jasmonic acid and auxin biosynthesis during lateral root formation. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5833. [PMID: 25524530 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is well known to promote lateral root formation but the mechanisms by which JA signalling is integrated into the pathways responsible for lateral root formation, and how it interacts with auxin in this process remains poorly understood. Here, we report that the highly JA-responsive ethylene response factor 109 (ERF109) mediates cross-talk between JA signalling and auxin biosynthesis to regulate lateral root formation in Arabidopsis. erf109 mutants have fewer lateral roots under MeJA treatments compared with wild type whereas ERF109 overexpression causes a root phenotype that resembles those of auxin overproduction mutants. ERF109 binds directly to GCC-boxes in the promoters of ASA1 and YUC2, which encode two key enzymes in auxin biosynthesis. Thus, our study reveals a molecular mechanism for JA and auxin cross-talk during JA-induced lateral root formation.
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Abstract
Plants are permanently situated in a fixed location and thus are well adapted to sense and respond to environmental stimuli and developmental cues. At the cellular level, several of these responses require delicate adjustments that affect the activity and steady-state levels of plasma membrane proteins. These adjustments involve both vesicular transport to the plasma membrane and protein internalization via endocytic sorting. A substantial part of our current knowledge of plant plasma membrane protein sorting is based on studies of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin transport proteins, which are found at distinct plasma membrane domains and have been implicated in directional efflux of the plant hormone auxin. Here, we discuss the mechanisms involved in establishing such polar protein distributions, focusing on PINs and other key plant plasma membrane proteins, and we highlight the pathways that allow for dynamic adjustments in protein distribution and turnover, which together constitute a versatile framework that underlies the remarkable capabilities of plants to adjust growth and development in their ever-changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Luschnig
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Grégory Vert
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS UPR 2355, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, Bâtiment 23A, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
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50
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Huot B, Yao J, Montgomery BL, He SY. Growth-defense tradeoffs in plants: a balancing act to optimize fitness. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1267-1287. [PMID: 24777989 PMCID: PMC4168297 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 815] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Growth-defense tradeoffs are thought to occur in plants due to resource restrictions, which demand prioritization towards either growth or defense, depending on external and internal factors. These tradeoffs have profound implications in agriculture and natural ecosystems, as both processes are vital for plant survival, reproduction, and, ultimately, plant fitness. While many of the molecular mechanisms underlying growth and defense tradeoffs remain to be elucidated, hormone crosstalk has emerged as a major player in regulating tradeoffs needed to achieve a balance. In this review, we cover recent advances in understanding growth-defense tradeoffs in plants as well as what is known regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms. Specifically, we address evidence supporting the growth-defense tradeoff concept, as well as known interactions between defense signaling and growth signaling. Understanding the molecular basis of these tradeoffs in plants should provide a foundation for the development of breeding strategies that optimize the growth-defense balance to maximize crop yield to meet rising global food and biofuel demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Huot
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA
| | - Beronda L Montgomery
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Michigan State University, MI 48933, USA.
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