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Fowles DC. Arousal, Gray's theory of anxiety, and the etiology of psychopathy. Biol Psychol 2024; 188:108772. [PMID: 38462065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This paper focuses on Jeffrey Gray's theory of anxiety from the perspective of Fowles' (1980) application of his work to theories of arousal, psychophysiology, and the etiology of psychopathy. Although highly influential, the concept of general arousal failed to find support in terms of between-individuals assessment with multiple physiological measures. Gray's constructs of a behavioral inhibition system (BIS) that mediates anxiety, a behavioral approach or activation system (BAS) that energizes behavior to approach rewards, and a nonspecific arousal system that energizes behavior captured aspects of arousal. Fowles (1980) proposed that the BIS elicits electrodermal activity in response to threats, the BAS increases heart rate in response to reward incentive cues, and psychopathy is associated with a weak BIS. The paper reviews Gray's impact on future research on these topics, including early proposals relevant to the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria. Finally, the paper summarizes the evolution of theories of the etiology of psychopathy since 1980, noting ways in which aspects of Gray's theory are still seen in psychopathy research. Patrick's triarchic model has emerged as a major theory of psychopathy. Beauchaine's trait impulsivity theory of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder also is relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don C Fowles
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, United States.
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Gao W, Ji J, Zhang W, Liu X. Depression and approach-avoidance achievement goals of Chinese undergraduate students: A four-wave longitudinal study. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 94:151-164. [PMID: 37783569 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study explored the prospective relations between depression and approach-avoidance achievement goals of undergraduate students in China. METHODS 2473 full-time undergraduates reported their depression and achievement goals annually from the freshman to the senior year. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and cross-lagged models. RESULTS Students' achievement goals decreased gradually during the first 3 years but rose in the fourth year, and the avoidance goals appeared to be less prevalent than the approach goals over time. Depression was negatively associated with approach goals, whereas positively correlated with avoidance goals. Depression in the freshman and sophomore years resulted in more avoidance goals 1 year later, and the depressive problems in the junior year predicted the decline of approach goals in the senior year. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlighted the deleterious effects of depression on the achievement goals of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Gao
- Institute of Higher Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- School of Public Administration, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Research Centre for Beijing Higher Education Development, Beijing, China
| | - Junlin Ji
- Institute of Higher Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- School of Public Administration, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Research Centre for Beijing Higher Education Development, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqiao Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Lin Y, Xie B. Disentangle psychopathic traits, self-construal and prosocial behaviours: A literature review. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 240:104045. [PMID: 37826884 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychopathy encompasses a constellation of personality traits, including interpersonal callousness, absence of remorse and guilt, and impulsivity. While extensive research has linked psychopathy to various antisocial behaviours, there has been a scarcity of studies investigating its association with prosocial behaviours, particularly within diverse sociocultural contexts. This comprehensive review explores recent literature that delves into the intricate interplay between psychopathy, prosocial behaviours, and self-construal. The current review reveals a complex and sometimes contradictory relationship between psychopathy and prosocial behaviours. The authors also examine the role of self-construal, a crucial sociocultural aspect, in relation to psychopathy and prosocial behaviours, and imply the intricate interplay between them. Amidst the review, the interactions between key constructs and sociocultural as well as contextual factors, including group identification and public awareness, are highlighted, and their potential role in modulating individuals' prosocial decision-making is discussed. At last, this review pinpointed notable research gaps: the potential moderating role of self-construal in the connection between psychopathy and prosocial behaviours, and a methodologically specific recommendation for future research is proposed. These findings consolidate the current evidence on psychopathy, self-construal and prosocial behaviours, and offer valuable insights into how sociocultural factors contribute to the heterogeneous expression of psychopathic traits, illuminating the directions for research on the development of culture-specific conceptualizations of psychopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Lin
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Xie
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China.
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Perlstein S, Wagner N, Domínguez-Álvarez B, Gómez-Fraguela JA, Romero E, Lopez-Romero L, Waller R. Psychometric Properties, Factor Structure, and Validity of the Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward Scale in Children and Adults. Assessment 2023; 30:1914-1934. [PMID: 36245403 PMCID: PMC10687739 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221128946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits identify children at high risk of antisocial behavior. A recent theoretical model proposed that CU traits arise from low sensitivity to threat and affiliation. To assess these dimensions, we developed the parent- and self-reported Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward Scale (STARS) and tested its psychometric properties, factor structure, and construct validity. Samples 1 (N =3 03; age 3-10; United States) and 2 (N = 854 age 5-9; Spain) were children and Sample 3 was 514 young adults (Mage = 19.89; United States). In Sample 1, differential item functioning and item response theory techniques were used to identify the best-performing items from a 64-item pool, resulting in 28 items that functioned equivalently across age and gender. Factor analysis indicated acceptable fit for the theorized two-factor structure with separate threat and affiliation factors in all three samples, which showed predictive validity in relation to CU traits in children and psychopathic traits in young adults.
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Robson BL, Preece DA, Dickson JM. Goal motives in depression and anxiety: the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2022.2162809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget L. Robson
- School of Arts and Humanities (Psychology), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | | | - Joanne M. Dickson
- School of Arts and Humanities (Psychology), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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The Role of Motivation Systems, Anxiety, and Low Self-Control in Smartphone Addiction among Smartphone-Based Social Networking Service (SNS) Users. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116918. [PMID: 35682501 PMCID: PMC9180772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Given that Social Networking Service (SNS) has emerged as the most influential platform, which can lead users to addictive smartphone use, it is necessary to investigate which psychological variables lead smartphone-based SNS users to addictive smartphone use. Still, studies on the relationship between psychological variables and addictive smartphone use among smartphone-based SNS users remain to be explored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of psychological factors on smartphone addiction proneness (SAP). A total of 433 smartphone-based SNS users were collected from 5003 adults in Korea. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and path analysis using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 23.0. The results of a parallel-mediation path analysis demonstrated that Behavioral Inhibition (BIS), Behavioral activation (BAS) drive, anxiety, and low self-control directly influenced SAP, separately. BIS and BAS _drive also had significant indirect effects on SAP through the effect of anxiety. BIS and BAS_fun had significant indirect effects on SAP through the effect of low self-control. The study variables accounted for 38.4 of the total variances of SAP. Thus, when establishing interventions to reduce the users' addictive smartphone use, these interactive relationships of the variables should be considered.
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Dell'Acqua C, Dal Bò E, Moretta T, Palomba D, Messerotti Benvenuti S. EEG time-frequency analysis reveals blunted tendency to approach and increased processing of unpleasant stimuli in dysphoria. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8161. [PMID: 35581359 PMCID: PMC9113991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, affective and cognitive processing of emotional information in individuals with depressive symptoms have been examined through peripheral psychophysiological measures, event-related potentials, and time–frequency analysis of oscillatory activity. However, electrocortical correlates of emotional and cognitive processing of affective content in depression have not been fully understood. Time–frequency analysis of electroencephalographic activity allows disentangling the brain's parallel processing of information. The present study employed a time–frequency approach to simultaneously examine affective disposition and cognitive processing during the viewing of emotional stimuli in dysphoria. Time–frequency event-related changes were examined during the viewing of pleasant, neutral and unpleasant pictures in 24 individuals with dysphoria and 24 controls. Affective disposition was indexed by delta and alpha power, while theta power was employed as a correlate of cognitive elaboration of the stimuli. Cluster-based statistics revealed a centro-parietal reduction in delta power for pleasant stimuli in individuals with dysphoria relative to controls. Also, dysphoria was characterized by an early fronto-central increase in theta power for unpleasant stimuli relative to neutral and pleasant ones. Comparatively, controls were characterized by a late fronto-central and occipital reduction in theta power for unpleasant stimuli relative to neutral and pleasant. The present study granted novel insights on the interrelated facets of affective elaboration in dysphoria, mainly characterized by a hypoactivation of the approach-related motivational system and a sustained facilitated cognitive processing of unpleasant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Dell'Acqua
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy. .,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Elisa Dal Bò
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Tania Moretta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Palomba
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Messerotti Benvenuti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
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Stinson DA, Hoplock LB, Huang ET. The tell-tale heart: Self-esteem, arousal, and relationship initiation. SELF AND IDENTITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2021.1992494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Hofmann MJ, Schneider S, Mokros A. Fearless but anxious? A systematic review on the utility of fear and anxiety levels to classify subtypes of psychopathy. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2021; 39:512-540. [PMID: 34723393 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Psychopathic traits have been linked to anomalies in experiencing fear and anxiety. It remains unclear, however, to what extent fear and anxiety levels are useful parameters to effectively distinguish between subtypes of psychopathy. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate whether different psychopathic phenotypes (primary and secondary psychopathy) can be delineated based on fear/anxiety levels. To investigate associations between psychopathic traits and conscious experiences of fear and/or anxiety a systematic qualitative review of studies was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Seventeen studies were included in the review. We found some evidence for attenuated fear/anxiety levels in primary psychopathy. In secondary psychopathy, the experience of fear/anxiety seemed rather intact. Moreover, primary psychopathy might be associated with a more positive appraisal of the conscious feeling of fear. We reason that consciously experienced fear and anxiety are distinctly related to primary and secondary psychopathy. Due to a lack of consistent and comprehensive operationalizations of fear and anxiety, however, conclusions about their potential to differentiate psychopathic subtypes should be drawn with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam J Hofmann
- FernUniversität in Hagen (University of Hagen), Hagen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schneider
- FernUniversität in Hagen (University of Hagen), Hagen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Andreas Mokros
- FernUniversität in Hagen (University of Hagen), Hagen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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To Approach or to Avoid: The Role of Ambivalent Motivation in Attentional Biases to Threat and Spider Fear. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-020-10193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Autonomic Nervous System Inflexibility During Parent-child Interactions is Related to Callous-unemotional Traits in Youth Aged 10-14 Years Old. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:1581-1592. [PMID: 34313902 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Youth with callous-unemotional (CU) traits are at high risk for aggression and antisocial behavior. Extant literature suggests that CU traits are related to abnormal autonomic responses to negatively-valenced emotional stimuli, although few studies have tested autonomic responding specifically during social interactions. To address this knowledge gap, the current study tested whether CU traits were related to autonomic activity, assessed via respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), during several parent-child interaction tasks designed to provoke negative emotion. The sample was 162 clinically referred youth (M age = 12.03, SD = .92; 47% female). Using piecewise latent growth models, we estimated individual differences in RSA during three semi-structured social interaction tasks (reading aloud to a parent and research assistant; a recovery period from the reading task; and a parent-child conflict discussion) and tested whether CU traits were related to patterns of RSA responding across tasks. Overall, youth showed expected RSA decreases during the reading period, increases in RSA during recovery, and further decreases during the conflict discussion. However, youth with clinically-elevated CU traits had a different pattern of RSA change across tasks, such that CU traits were related to significantly less RSA change during reading and recovery. Findings suggest that less RSA engagement during social interactions and less RSA recovery may be a biomarker of CU traits. Future research is needed to examine whether this inflexibility contributes to the development of CU traits beginning early in childhood.
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Noworyta K, Cieslik A, Rygula R. Reinforcement-based cognitive biases as vulnerability factors in alcohol addiction: From humans to animal models. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:4265-4280. [PMID: 34232505 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the most common, but still poorly treated, psychiatric conditions. Developing new treatments requires a better understanding of the aetiology of symptoms and evaluation of novel therapeutic targets in preclinical studies. Recent developments in our understanding of the reinforcement-based cognitive biases (RBCBs) that contribute to the development of AUD and its treatment offer new opportunities for both clinical and preclinical research. In this review, we first briefly describe psychological and cognitive theories that involve various aspects of reinforcement sensitivity in the development, maintenance, and recurrence of alcohol addiction. Furthermore, in separate sections, we describe studies investigating RBCBs and their neural, neurochemical, and pharmacological correlates, and we discuss possible interactions between RBCBs and trajectories of AUD. Finally, we describe how recent translational studies using state-of-the-art animal models can facilitate our understanding of the role of reinforcement sensitivity and RBCBs in various aspects of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Noworyta
- Department of Pharmacology, Affective Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Cieslik
- Department of Pharmacology, Affective Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafal Rygula
- Department of Pharmacology, Affective Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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13
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An examination of the reciprocal and concurrent relations between behavioral and cardiac indicators of acute pain in toddlerhood. Pain 2021; 161:1518-1531. [PMID: 32107358 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the concurrent and predictive relations between healthy toddlers' pain behavior and cardiac indicators (ie, heart rate [HR] and respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) during routine vaccinations. Caregiver-infant dyads were part of a longitudinal cohort observed during their 12- and 18-month vaccinations. Behavioral and cardiac data were simultaneously collected for 1-minute preneedle and 3-minutes postneedle. Videotapes were coded for pain behaviors (FLACC; Merkel et al., 1997), and cardiac data were analyzed (HR, RSA) during sequential 30-second epochs. Four separate cross-lagged path models were estimated using data from the 12- (n = 147) and 18-month (n = 122) vaccinations. Across 12- and 18-month vaccinations, predictive within-measure relations were consistent for FLACC, HR, and RSA, reflecting good stability of these pain indicators. Behavioral indicators predicted subsequent HR and RSA within the immediate postneedle period. Both baseline behavior and HR/RSA predicted future pain scores. Concurrent residual relations between behavioral and cardiac indicators were inconsistent across time and indicators. Results suggest that behavioral and cardiac indicators reflect unique aspects of the nociceptive response. As such, multimodal assessment tools should be used and contextualized by child age, cardiac indicator, baseline behavior/physiology, and pain phase.
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Fournier LF, McDonald JB, Clayson PE, Verona E. Psychopathic traits, inhibition, and positive and negative emotion: Results from an emotional Go/No-Go task. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13815. [PMID: 33768574 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Difficulty stopping unwanted or inappropriate actions (i.e., inhibitory control) is implicated in antisocial behaviors, which are common in people high in psychopathic traits. Recent research indicates that, for those with antisocial personality, inhibitory control is impaired under negative emotional contexts; however, it is unclear whether this impairment extends to persons with psychopathic traits and to impairments under positive emotional contexts. Identifying some of these distinctions can point to therapeutics that target negative emotion specifically or emotion dysregulation broadly. We sought to identify unique relationships between distinct facets of psychopathy and inhibitory control in the context of positive, negative, and neutral stimuli. Using a community sample (N = 117), event-related potentials were recorded during an emotional-linguistic Go/No-Go task. Results indicated distinct cognition-emotion relationships for each psychopathy facet. Higher interpersonal facet scores related to reciprocal interference between cognition and emotion. Higher callous affect facet scores related to reduced inhibitory and emotional processing, except when stimuli were most engaging (emotional No-Go trials). Higher erratic lifestyle facet scores related to increased effort required to process both emotion and inhibition cues. Finally, higher antisocial facet scores related to poorer behavioral inhibition overall. This research challenges the theoretical accounts of psychopathy focused on specific deficits in negative emotion, such as fearlessness, while offering some support for theories related to attentional dysfunction. Results also highlight the importance of facet-level theorizing, as results varied by facet. This study may inform efforts to reduce disinhibited behaviors, particularly in emotional contexts, among those high in certain psychopathic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren F Fournier
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Julia B McDonald
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Peter E Clayson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Edelyn Verona
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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The mediator role of BIS/BAS Systems in the Relationship between psychological symptoms and borderline personality features: Conformation from a non-Western sample. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Vlisides-Henry RD, Deboeck PR, Grill-Velasquez W, Mackey S, Ramadurai DKA, Urry JO, Neff D, Terrell S, Gao MM, Thomas LR, Conradt E, Crowell SE. Behavioral and physiological stress responses: Within-person concordance during pregnancy. Biol Psychol 2021; 159:108027. [PMID: 33476701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, a woman's emotions can have longstanding implications for both her own and her child's health. Within-person emotional concordance refers to the simultaneous measurement of emotional responses across multiple levels of analysis. This method may provide insight into how pregnant women experience emotions in response to stress. We enrolled 162 pregnant women and assessed concordance through autonomic physiology (electrodermal activity [EDA], respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]), and coded behavior (Prosocial, Flight, Displacement) during the Trier Social Stress Test-Speech. We used multilevel models to examine behavioral-physiological concordance and whether self-reported emotion dysregulation moderated these effects. Participants exhibited EDA-Prosocial concordance, suggesting that prosocial behavior may be a marker of stress. Emotion dysregulation did not moderate concordance. These findings provide novel information about behavioral coping to stress in pregnancy. Given the importance of observed behavior in the maintenance and treatment of psychopathology, these findings may provide a launchpad for future perinatal intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Vlisides-Henry
- 380 S 1530 E, Room 502, Dept. of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Pascal R Deboeck
- 380 S 1530 E, Room 502, Dept. of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Wendy Grill-Velasquez
- 380 S 1530 E, Room 502, Dept. of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shantavia Mackey
- 380 S 1530 E, Room 502, Dept. of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dinesh K A Ramadurai
- 380 S 1530 E, Room 502, Dept. of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Joshua O Urry
- 380 S 1530 E, Room 502, Dept. of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dylan Neff
- 380 S 1530 E, Room 502, Dept. of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sarah Terrell
- 115 Health and Human Development Building, Dept. of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mengyu Miranda Gao
- 380 S 1530 E, Room 502, Dept. of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Leah R Thomas
- 380 S 1530 E, Room 502, Dept. of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Elisabeth Conradt
- 380 S 1530 E, Room 502, Dept. of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; 30 N 1900 E, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; 295 Chipeta Way, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Sheila E Crowell
- 380 S 1530 E, Room 502, Dept. of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; 501 Chipeta Way, Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; 30 N 1900 E, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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Taylor J, Reeves M, James L, Bobadilla L. Disinhibitory trait profile and its relation to Cluster B personality disorder features and substance use problems. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Certain personality and motivational traits may present vulnerability towards disinhibitory psychopathology (e.g. antisocial personality disorder, substance abuse). Cluster analysis was used to separately group 306 women and 274 men on impulsivity, Constraint, Negative Emotionality, behavioural activation system (BAS), and behavioural inhibition system (BIS) scores. As expected, a ‘disinhibited’ group with low Constraint, high impulsivity, weak BIS, and strong BAS emerged that showed elevated drug use problems, and histrionic and antisocial personality disorder features across gender. A ‘high affectivity’ group with high Negative Emotionality and strong BIS also showed elevated drug use problems and personality disorder features. Results suggested that two different trait profiles are associated with disinhibitory psychopathology and both may present vulnerability toward the development of such disorders. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Reeves
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, USA
| | - Lisa James
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, USA
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18
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Quilty LC, Oakman JM. The assessment of behavioural activation—the relationship between positive emotionality and the behavioural activation system. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Much personality research suggests that the variance in personality can be accounted for by a few dimensions, often hypothesized to be connected to neurological circuits. Gray's (1982) behavioural activation system (BAS) and behavioural inhibition system (BIS) in particular propose to explain for a variety of behaviour. This investigation sought to determine whether Positive Emotionality is an appropriate measure of the BAS, and how Tellegen's (1985) constructs are related to BAS activity. Measures of BAS and Positive Emotionality were administered to undergraduates. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that, while Positive Emotionality can be used as an indicator of BAS activity, it is better conceived of as a distinct, correlated construct. In addition, not all components of Positive Emotionality were related to BAS activity, and BAS was further related to components of Negative Emotionality and Constraint. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems and Self-Esteem with Depression: The Mediating Role of Social Anxiety. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-020-00378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Stone LB, Lewis GM, Bylsma LM. The autonomic correlates of dysphoric rumination and post-rumination savoring. Physiol Behav 2020; 224:113027. [PMID: 32592700 PMCID: PMC7388732 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trait dysphoric rumination is a transdiagnostic factor associated with depression and anxiety that has also been linked with blunted respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), an index of reduced emotion regulation capacity. However, the autonomic correlates of state dysphoric rumination remain unclear. We examined the physiological correlates of state dysphoric rumination and the potential repairing effects of savoring on autonomic functioning. To provide a comprehensive assessment of autonomic correlates, we examined changes in parasympathetic (RSA) and sympathetic (cardiac pre-ejection period, PEP; and electrodermal activity, EDA) arousal independently, as well as autonomic coordination among indices. Eighty-two women (ages 18-25) completed laboratory physiological assessments, including rumination and savoring tasks, and self-report measures of trait rumination. Dysphoric rumination was associated with sympathetic activation (i.e., decreases in PEP, increases in EDA), and subsequent savoring following a recovery period also corresponded with decreases in PEP. Trait rumination did not predict autonomic changes during state rumination. However, higher trait rumination was associated with greater sympathetic coordination (PEP-EDA correspondence) during savoring. In summary, dysphoric rumination co-occurred with sympathetic activation, and subsequent savoring successfully recruited sympathetic activity (PEP) redirected on positive moods and events. Results also emphasize the utility of examining sympathetic and parasympathetic indices, and coordination among autonomic indices to delineate autonomic activity associated with emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey B Stone
- Department of Psychology, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, U.S..
| | - Genevieve M Lewis
- Department of Psychology, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, U.S
| | - Lauren M Bylsma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U. S
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Sweating the small stuff: A meta-analysis of skin conductance on the Iowa gambling task. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 19:1097-1112. [PMID: 31493212 PMCID: PMC6785590 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-019-00744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
To systematically examine the role of anticipatory skin conductance responses (aSCRs) in predicting Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) performance. Secondly, to assess the quality of aSCR evidence for the Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH) during the IGT. Finally, to evaluate the reliability of current psychophysiological measurements on the IGT. Electronic databases, journals and reference lists were examined for inclusion. Data were extracted by two reviewers and validated by another reviewer, using a standardised extraction sheet along with a quality assessment. Two meta-analyses of aSCR measures were conducted to test the relationship between overall aSCR and IGT performance, and differences in aSCR between advantageous and disadvantageous decks. Twenty studies were included in this review. Quality assessment revealed that five studies did not measure anticipatory responses, and few stated they followed standard IGT and/or psychophysiological procedures. The first meta-analysis of 15 studies revealed a significant, small-to-medium relationship between aSCR and IGT performance (r= .22). The second meta-analysis of eight studies revealed a significant, small difference in aSCR between the advantageous and disadvantageous decks (r= .10); however, publication bias is likely to be an issue. Meta-analyses revealed aSCR evidence supporting the SMH. However, inconsistencies in the IGT and psychophysiological methods, along with publication bias, cast doubt on these effects. It is recommended that future tests of the SMH use a range of psychophysiological measures, a standardised IGT protocol, and discriminate between advantageous and disadvantageous decks.
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Kim BN. Behavioral activation system (BAS) dysregulation and bipolar spectrum psychopathology in daily life: An online-diary study. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113180. [PMID: 32544707 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the behavioral activation system (BAS) has been theorized to be a core factor underlying mood swings in bipolar disorder (BD). However, few studies have directly addressed BAS dysregulation and more research is needed to understand its dynamic expression in daily life. The aim of this study was to directly assess BAS dysregulation, and to examine its moderating effect on the relationship between life events and bipolar spectrum symptoms via multilevel modeling. Korean young adults (n = 100) were screened using the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS) from a large sample (N = 1,591). They completed online diaries for 7 consecutive days including the Daily Events Record as well as bipolar spectrum symptoms. BAS-activating and/or -deactivating scores were allocated to each reported life event by an expert consensus rating. Cross-level interaction analysis showed that the occurrence of BA life events contributed to a steeper increase in bipolar spectrum symptoms, particularly for individuals with high BAS dysregulation. The present study suggests that BAS dysregulation is a unique construct that deserves further exploration in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Na Kim
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 1, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul151-746, South Korea; Department of Psychology, Gachon University, Seongnam-daero 1342, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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23
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Daches S, Vine V, George CJ, Jennings JR, Kovacs M. Sympathetic arousal during the processing of dysphoric affect by youths at high and low familial risk for depression. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13664. [PMID: 32797632 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Youths at high risk for depression have been shown to have problems in repairing their own sad mood. Given that sympathetic arousal has been implicated both in the experience and regulation of affect, an atypical pattern of arousal may be one of the factors that contribute to mood repair problems. In the current study, we measured sympathetic arousal of never-depressed youths at high (n = 56) and low (n = 67) familial risk for depression during sad mood induction and instructed mood repair. Sympathetic arousal was indexed by skin conductance level (SCL) and cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP); mood repair outcome was indexed by self-rated affect. High-risk youths demonstrated increased SCL during sadness induction, which persisted during mood repair; low-risk youths evidenced increased SCL only during mood repair. Shortened PEP was evident only among high-risk youths and only during mood repair. Furthermore, shortened PEP during mood induction predicted less successful mood repair in the low-risk but not in the high-risk group. The findings suggest that: (a) depression-prone youths differ from control peers in patterns of sympathetic responses to emotional stimuli, which may impair their ability to relieve sadness, and (b) activation patterns differ across subsystems (SCL vs. PEP) of sympathetic activity, in conjunction with depression risk status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimrit Daches
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Vera Vine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles J George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Richard Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Kovacs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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24
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Becker SP, McQuade JD. Physiological Correlates of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Children: Examining Autonomic Nervous System Reactivity during Social and Cognitive Stressor Tasks. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:923-933. [PMID: 32328864 PMCID: PMC7306431 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is important to establish correlates of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) across units of analysis and to better understand how SCT may be conceptualized in models of psychopathology. The current study examined SCT symptoms in relation to automatic nervous system reactivity during social and cognitive stressor tasks. Participants were 61 children ages 8-12 years with a full range of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity. Parents provided ratings of SCT and parents and teachers completed measures that were used to create composite indices of ADHD symptoms. Children were administered standardized peer rejection and impossible puzzle tasks, during which their respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and skin conductance level (SCL) reactivity were recorded. Regression analyses indicated that SCT symptoms were unassociated with RSA reactivity to either task. Greater SCT symptoms were significantly associated with greater SCL reactivity to peer rejection. Greater SCT symptoms were not significantly associated with SCL reactivity to the impossible puzzle task. The pattern of findings was unchanged in sensitivity analyses that controlled for ADHD symptoms, internalizing symptoms, medication status, or sex. This study provides the first evidence that SCT symptoms are associated with sympathetic nervous system reactivity. These findings suggest that SCT symptoms may be associated with greater behavioral inhibition system activation, and reactivity may be especially pronounced in social challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Becker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45241, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Waxman JA, DiLorenzo MG, Pillai Riddell RR. Convergence of behavioral and cardiac indicators of distress in toddlerhood: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025420922618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to systematically review the available literature on the relation between behavioral and cardiac indicators used to measure distress in toddlerhood. After ascertaining the eligibility of 2,424 articles through a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) guided search process, 22 articles ( N = 2,504) that investigated associations between behavioral and cardiac indicators of distress in toddlerhood were identified. The narrative synthesis described the overall relation (direction [positive, negative], strength [Cohen’s D]) between behavioral and cardiac indicators and was organized by cardiac indicator (i.e., heart rate [HR], heart period, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, pre-ejection period) and type of behavior measured (i.e., coding for expressed emotion behaviors vs. emotion regulation behaviors). Methodological characteristics (i.e., timing of measurement for behavioral and cardiac indicators [concurrent, predictive], length of measurement epochs, inclusion of covariates and moderators) were also described. HR was consistently positively ( D = .05 to .54) related to expressed emotion behaviors. No other cardiac and behavioral indicators were consistently related. Methodological differences related to behavioral and cardiac indicators utilized, timing of measurement, and length of measurement epochs may be responsible for heterogeneity in findings. The findings suggest that researchers might get divergent results depending on whether distress is measured with cardiac or behavioral indicators of distress in toddlerhood. Suggestions for future psychophysiological research with young children are offered.
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26
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Xu F, Huang L. Electrophysiological Measurement of Emotion and Somatic State Affecting Ambiguity Decision: Evidences From SCRs, ERPs, and HR. Front Psychol 2020; 11:899. [PMID: 32477219 PMCID: PMC7240102 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-three years ago, the Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH) proposed by Damasio was introduced to explain the role of emotion in decision-making, and provided a unique neuroanatomical framework for decision-making and its influence by emotion. The core idea of the SMH is that decision-making is a process that is affected by somatic state signals, including those that express themselves in emotion and feeling. In order to verify the SMH, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) was originally designed by Bechara et al. and the skin conductance responses (SCRs) was recorded during the IGT. The initial confirmatory results showed that normal subjects would generate anticipatory SCRs when they received reward or punishment, but patients of the VMPFC lesion entirely failed to generate anticipatory SCRs prior to their selection of a card. With the further development of the SMH–related researches, other electrophysiological methods of measuring somatic state was gradually used to test the SMH, including event-related potentials (ERPs), and heart rate (HR). In this mini review article, we summarize the extant electrophysiological research on the SMH and decision-making under ambiguity, propose an integrative perspective for employing different electrophysiological measurement methods, and indicate the application of electrophysiological measurement based on the SMH in daily social decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuming Xu
- School of Education Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
| | - Long Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.,School of Humanities and Management, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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27
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Williams JHG, Huggins CF, Zupan B, Willis M, Van Rheenen TE, Sato W, Palermo R, Ortner C, Krippl M, Kret M, Dickson JM, Li CSR, Lowe L. A sensorimotor control framework for understanding emotional communication and regulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:503-518. [PMID: 32070695 PMCID: PMC7505116 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our research team was asked to consider the relationship of the neuroscience of sensorimotor control to the language of emotions and feelings. Actions are the principal means for the communication of emotions and feelings in both humans and other animals, and the allostatic mechanisms controlling action also apply to the regulation of emotional states by the self and others. We consider how motor control of hierarchically organised, feedback-based, goal-directed action has evolved in humans, within a context of consciousness, appraisal and cultural learning, to serve emotions and feelings. In our linguistic analysis, we found that many emotion and feelings words could be assigned to stages in the sensorimotor learning process, but the assignment was often arbitrary. The embodied nature of emotional communication means that action words are frequently used, but that the meanings or senses of the word depend on its contextual use, just as the relationship of an action to an emotion is also contextually dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin H G Williams
- University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Charlotte F Huggins
- University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Barbra Zupan
- Central Queensland University, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Megan Willis
- Australian Catholic University, School of Psychology, ARC Centre for Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Wataru Sato
- Kyoto University, Kokoro Research Centre, 46 Yoshidashimoadachicho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Romina Palermo
- University of Western Australia, School of Psychological Science, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Catherine Ortner
- Thompson Rivers University, Department of Psychology, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Martin Krippl
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Psychology, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
| | - Mariska Kret
- Leiden University, Cognitive Psychology, Pieter de la Court, Waassenaarseweg 52, Leiden, 2333 AK, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne M Dickson
- Edith Cowan University, Psychology Department, School of Arts and Humanities, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Yale University, Connecticut Mental Health Centre, S112, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519-1109, USA
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Neuroqualia, Room 229A, Forrester Hall, 36 Arthur Street, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 1X5, Canada
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28
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Godfrey DA, Babcock JC. Facial affect recognition moderates the relation between autonomic nervous system reactivity and aggression during dyadic conflict. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13588. [PMID: 32323355 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Researchers examining physiological factors of emotion have identified differential patterns of physiological reactivity among intimate partner violence perpetrators during interpersonal conflict. Although it is unclear what mechanisms are influencing these distinct physiological patterns, research suggests that perpetrators' ability to decode emotions may be involved. The current study examined how the relation between an individual's physiological reactivity and their aggression during conflict with an intimate partner is influenced by the affect they are exposed to and their affect recognition ability. Sixty-seven heterosexual couples completed self-report measures and participated in a conflict discussion while physiological measures were recorded. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) was indexed by Skin Conductance Level (SCL) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) by Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA). Aggressive affect was coded from video. Additionally, men were administered a facial affect recognition task. Results indicated that observed aggression during the conflict discussion was associated with RSA and SCL suppression, but only for men with moderate to high affect recognition ability. Additionally, the interaction effects between physiological reactivity and affect recognition on male aggression was conditional on their partner exhibiting at least moderate levels of aggressive affect. Findings from our study suggest that the relation between autonomic nervous system reactivity during conflict and aggression toward an intimate partner is conditional on men's ability to decode the facial affect of their partner. For individuals who were able to decode aggressive affect from their partner, aggression was associated with decreased parasympathetic and SNS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Godfrey
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julia C Babcock
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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29
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van Dongen JDM. The Empathic Brain of Psychopaths: From Social Science to Neuroscience in Empathy. Front Psychol 2020; 11:695. [PMID: 32477201 PMCID: PMC7241099 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Empathy is a crucial human ability, because of its importance to prosocial behavior, and for moral development. A deficit in empathic abilities, especially affective empathy, is thought to play an important role in psychopathic personality. Empathic abilities have traditionally been studied within the social and behavioral sciences using behavioral methods, but recent work in neuroscience has begun to elucidate the neural underpinnings of empathic processing in relation to psychopathy. In this review, current knowledge in the social neuroscience of empathy is discussed and a comprehensive view of the neuronal mechanisms that underlie empathy in psychopathic personality is provided. Furthermore, it will be argued that using classification based on overt behavior, we risk failing to identify important mechanisms involved in the psychopathology of psychopathy. In the last decade, there is a growing attention in combining knowledge from (neuro)biological research areas with psychology and psychiatry, to form a new basis for categorizing individuals. Recently, a converging framework has been put forward that applies such approach to antisocial individuals, including psychopathy. In this bio-cognitive approach, it is suggested to use information from different levels, to form latent categories on which individuals are grouped, that may better reflect underlying (neurobiological) dysfunctions. Subsequently, these newly defined latent categories may be more effective in guiding interventions and treatment. In conclusion, in my view, the future understanding of the social brain of psychopaths lies in studying the complex networks in the brain in combination with the use of other levels of information (e.g., genetics and cognition). Based on that, profiles of individuals can be formed that can be used to guide neurophysiological informed personalized treatment interventions that ultimately reduce violent transgressions in individuals with psychopathic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josanne D. M. van Dongen
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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30
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Detloff AM, Hariri AR, Strauman TJ. Neural signatures of promotion versus prevention goal priming: fMRI evidence for distinct cognitive-motivational systems. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 3:e1. [PMID: 32435748 PMCID: PMC7219697 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2019.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory focus theory (RFT) postulates two cognitive-motivational systems for personal goal pursuit: the promotion system, which is associated with ideal goals (an individual's hopes, dreams, and aspirations), and the prevention system, which is associated with ought goals (an individual's duties, responsibilities, and obligations). The two systems have been studied extensively in behavioral research with reference to differences between promotion and prevention goal pursuit as well as the consequences of perceived attainment versus nonattainment within each system. However, no study has examined the neural correlates of each combination of goal domain and goal attainment status. We used a rapid masked idiographic goal priming paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging to present individually selected promotion and prevention goals, which participants had reported previously that they were close to attaining ("match") or far from attaining ("mismatch"). Across the four priming conditions, significant activations were observed in bilateral insula (Brodmann area (BA) 13) and visual association cortex (BA 18/19). Promotion priming discriminantly engaged left prefrontal cortex (BA 9), whereas prevention priming discriminantly engaged right prefrontal cortex (BA 8/9). Activation in response to promotion goal priming was also correlated with an individual difference measure of perceived success in promotion goal attainment. Our findings extend the construct validity of RFT by showing that the two systems postulated by RFT, under conditions of both attainment and nonattainment, have shared and distinct neural correlates that interface logically with established network models of self-regulatory cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad R. Hariri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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31
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De Pascalis V, Scacchia P, Sommer K, Checcucci C. Psychopathy traits and reinforcement sensitivity theory: Prepulse inhibition and ERP responses. Biol Psychol 2019; 148:107771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Johnson SL, Mehta H, Ketter TA, Gotlib IH, Knutson B. Neural responses to monetary incentives in bipolar disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 24:102018. [PMID: 31670069 PMCID: PMC6831914 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although behavioral sensitivity to reward predicts the onset and course of mania in bipolar disorder, the evidence for neural abnormalities in reward processing in bipolar disorder is mixed. To probe neural responsiveness to anticipated and received rewards in the context of bipolar disorder, we scanned individuals with remitted bipolar I disorder (n = 24) and well-matched controls (n = 24; matched for age and gender) using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI) during a Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task. Relative to controls, the bipolar group showed reduced NAcc activity during anticipation of gains. Across groups, this blunting correlated with individual differences in impulsive responses to positive emotions (Positive Urgency), which statistically accounted for the association of blunted NAcc activity with bipolar diagnosis. These results suggest that blunted NAcc responses during gain anticipation in the context of bipolar disorder may reflect individual differences in Positive Urgency. These findings may help resolve discrepancies in the literature on neural responses to reward in bipolar disorder, and clarify the relationship between brain activity and the propensity to experience manic episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Hershel Mehta
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Terence A Ketter
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Brian Knutson
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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Song JH, Colasante T, Malti T. Taming anger and trusting others: Roles of skin conductance, anger regulation, and trust in children's aggression. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 38:42-58. [PMID: 31560134 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proactive and reactive aggression subtypes are distinguishable as early as the preschool years. However, their early physiological and social-emotional correlates have not been examined simultaneously. We tested whether children's skin conductance level, anger regulation, and trust in others were differentially related to their proactive and reactive aggression. Four-year-olds and their primary caregivers were recruited from a large Canadian city (N = 150). Controlling for reactive aggression, higher trust was associated with lower proactive aggression, but only for children with low anger regulation or skin conductance level. Controlling for proactive aggression, lower anger regulation was related to higher reactive aggression, and higher trust was related to higher reactive aggression for children with high skin conductance level. Findings highlight the unique and collective relations of physiology, emotion regulation, and trust to different forms of aggression in early childhood. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject Proactive and reactive aggression subtypes are distinguishable as early as the preschool years. Unique physiological and social-emotional correlates of each subtype have been studied in middle and late childhood. Trust is a critical milestone for positive social interactions in early childhood and has been linked to aggression. What the present study adds Physiological and social-emotional correlates are uniquely linked to subtypes of aggression already at age 4. Trust is differentially linked to aggression subtypes as a function of anger regulation and skin conductance level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyun Song
- Department of Child Development, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California, USA
| | - Tyler Colasante
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tina Malti
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Le TM, Wang W, Zhornitsky S, Dhingra I, Zhang S, Li CSR. Reward sensitivity and electrodermal responses to actions and outcomes in a go/no-go task. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219147. [PMID: 31344045 PMCID: PMC6657849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin conductance response (SCR) is used in psychophysiological research to measure the reactions of the autonomic nervous system to reward and punishment. While there is consistent evidence that SCR increases to both aversive and appetitive stimuli, it remains unclear whether SCR simply represents a general index of arousal to motivationally significant outcomes or may also differentiate action or inhibition of action that lead to such outcomes. Furthermore, individual differences in trait sensitivity to reward and punishment can influence physiological arousal during approach and avoidance behaviors. Yet, their inter-relationships have not been examined. To address these gaps, we employed a reward go/no-go task with ⅔ go and ⅓ no-go trials and an individually titrated go response window. Correct go and no-go responses were rewarded while incorrect responses were penalized. We examined whether SCR varied with outcome (win vs. loss), action (go vs. no-go), and individual differences in reward sensitivity (SR) and sex. The results showed greater SCRs to loss vs. win, to go vs. no-go success, and to go success in positive correlation with SR. Further, SCR mediated the relationship between SR and go success rate. In sex differences, men exhibited greater SCR which was more predictive of go success rate relative to women. In contrast, SCR was more predictive of no-go success rate in women. Thus, SCR varies according to behavioral contingency, outcome, sex, and reward sensitivity. These findings add to the literature by characterizing the individual and behavioral factors that may influence physiological arousal in response to salient events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang M. Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Isha Dhingra
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Emotion dysregulation, temperamental vulnerability, and parental depression in adolescents: Correspondence between physiological and informant-report measures. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1023-1035. [PMID: 31046860 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough numerous studies reveal altered respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) among children, adolescents, and adults who exhibit emotion dysregulation, effects of temperamental vulnerability and parental mental health on RSA remain unclear. We evaluated the relationship among emotion regulation, RSA, and RSA reactivity in a pooled sample of 24 vulnerable and 31 resilient adolescents (mean age = 13.69 years; 60% girls), including associations with temperamental vulnerability and parental depressive symptoms. Participants watched a neutral film clip while their resting RSA was recorded, and then completed a reward and frustration task, using an affective Posner paradigm. Temperament and emotion regulation were assessed via self-report and parent report, and parents reported on their own depressive symptoms. Low resting RSA was associated with temperamental negative emotionality, whereas greater RSA reactivity to frustration was associated with maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. No significant relations were found between RSA and parental depressive symptoms. This study elucidates the role of RSA as a biomarker of individual differences in emotion dysregulation and temperamental vulnerability and stresses the importance of considering multiple units of analyses, as well as functional domains, when studying emotional responding and regulation in adolescents.
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Jauregi A, Kessler K, Hassel S. Linking Cognitive Measures of Response Inhibition and Reward Sensitivity to Trait Impulsivity. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2306. [PMID: 30546331 PMCID: PMC6279859 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is regarded as a multifaceted construct that comprises two dimensions: rapid-response impulsivity and reward-delay impulsivity. It is unclear, however, which aspects of trait impulsivity, as assessed by self-report measures are related to rapid-response impulsivity and/or to reward-delay impulsivity, as different results have been reported in studies using both self-report and cognitive measures. This study aimed to directly relate self-report measures of impulsivity to cognitive measures of impulsivity in individuals at low- or high-levels on two impulsivity dimensions, specifically rapid-response impulsivity and reward-delay impulsivity. Participants were classified into high- or low-impulsivity groups based on (1) level of rapid-response impulsivity (determined by BIS-11 Motor subscale scores); (2) level of reward-delay impulsivity (determined by BIS/BAS subscale scores); and (3) a combination of rapid-response impulsivity and reward-delay impulsivity levels. Impulsivity was assessed using Go/No-Go, Stop-Signal and Delay-Discounting tasks and self-report measures. The high rapid-response impulsivity group showed significantly higher reward-delay impulsivity on both, the Delay-Discounting tasks and on self-report measures assessing reward-delay impulsivity, than the low-risk group. Based on the level of reward-delay impulsivity, the high reward-delay impulsivity group scored significantly higher on task-based (cognitive) and self-report measures assessing rapid-response inhibition than the low reward-delay impulsivity group. Combining both dimensions of impulsivity showed that the high-impulsivity group performed significantly worse in rapid-response paradigms and temporally discounted significantly more impulsively than the low-impulsivity group. Thus, combined impulsivity factors provide better assessment of impulsivity than each dimension alone. In conclusion, robust differences in impulsivity can be identified in non-clinical young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Jauregi
- Aston Brain Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Kessler
- Aston Brain Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Hassel
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Beauchaine TP, Constantino JN, Hayden EP. Psychiatry and developmental psychopathology: Unifying themes and future directions. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 87:143-152. [PMID: 30415196 PMCID: PMC6296473 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past 35 years, developmental psychopathology has grown into a flourishing discipline that shares a scientific agenda with contemporary psychiatry. In this editorial, which introduces the special issue, we describe the history of developmental psychopathology, including core principles that bridge allied disciplines. These include (1) emphasis on interdisciplinary research, (2) elucidation of multicausal pathways to seemingly single disorders (phenocopies), (3) description of divergent multifinal outcomes from common etiological start points (pathoplasticity), and (4) research conducted across multiple levels of analysis spanning genes to environments. Next, we discuss neurodevelopmental models of psychopathology, and provide selected examples. We emphasize differential neuromaturation of subcortical and cortical neural networks and connectivity, and how both acute and protracted environmental insults can compromise neural structure and function. To date, developmental psychopathology has placed greater emphasis than psychiatry on neuromaturational models of mental illness. However, this gap is closing rapidly as advances in technology render etiopathophysiologies of psychopathology more interrogable. We end with suggestions for future interdisciplinary research, including the need to evaluate measurement invariance across development, and to construct more valid assessment methods where indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore P Beauchaine
- Department of Psychology, Nisonger Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities, The Ohio State University, United States of America.
| | - John N Constantino
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth P Hayden
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Canada
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Thomson ND, Aboutanos M, Kiehl KA, Neumann C, Galusha C, Fanti KA. Physiological reactivity in response to a fear‐induced virtual reality experience: Associations with psychopathic traits. Psychophysiology 2018; 56:e13276. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Thomson
- Division of Acute Care Surgical Services, Department of Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University Health Richmond Virginia
- Department of Psychology University of Durham Durham United Kingdom
| | - Michel Aboutanos
- Division of Acute Care Surgical Services, Department of Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University Health Richmond Virginia
| | - Kent A. Kiehl
- Department of Psychology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico
- Lovelace Biomedical The Mind Research Network Albuquerque New Mexico
| | - Craig Neumann
- Department of Psychology University of North Texas Denton Texas
| | | | - Kostas A. Fanti
- Department of Psychology University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus
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Barker TV, Buzzell GA, Fox NA. Approach, avoidance, and the detection of conflict in the development of behavioral inhibition. NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 53:2-12. [PMID: 31105378 DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Motivation has played an integral role in understanding personality development. Two motivational systems, one associated with seeking reward (approach motivation) and one associated with avoidance of threat (avoidance motivation), have been theorized to represent individual differences in behavioral responses to the environment. However, contextual factors, particularly those with a high degree of novelty, ambiguity, and unpredictability, may simultaneously activate both systems, thereby causing approach-avoidance conflict. The resulting behavior, commonly called inhibition, is characterized by an inability to engage in motivated, goal-directed behavior and is theorized to reflect a core component of anxiety. A form of inhibition observed in childhood, behavioral inhibition (BI), is a relatively stable temperamental profile characterized by negative affect in response to unfamiliar and unpredictable contexts and is a risk factor for anxiety. Our review draws from findings in clinical and cognitive neuroscience to argue that BI reflects an increased sensitivity of both approach and avoidance motivational systems, thereby increasing the likelihood of approach-avoidance conflict within the context of unfamiliar or unpredictable stimuli and environments. Such motivational conflict activates neural systems associated with conflict monitoring, which leads to increases in arousal (e.g., sympathetic nervous system activity) and onlooking behavior, two commonly observed characteristics of childhood BI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson V Barker
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - George A Buzzell
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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Kahle S, Miller JG, Helm JL, Hastings PD. Linking autonomic physiology and emotion regulation in preschoolers: The role of reactivity and recovery. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:775-788. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kahle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of California, Davis Davis California
| | - Jonas G. Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University Palo Alto California
| | - Jonathan L. Helm
- Department of Psychology San Diego State University San Diego California
| | - Paul D. Hastings
- Department of Psychology University of California, Davis Davis California
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Ren D, Wesselmann ED, Williams KD. Hurt people hurt people: ostracism and aggression. Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 19:34-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kim BN, Kwon SM, Meyer TD. Reward Sensitivity and Affect After Success: Role of Positive Attribution Bias in Korean Individuals at Risk for Bipolar Disorder. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2017.36.7.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Na Kim
- Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Thomas D. Meyer
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
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Beauchaine TP, Zisner A. Motivation, emotion regulation, and the latent structure of psychopathology: An integrative and convergent historical perspective. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 119:108-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tuckett D, Nikolic M. The role of conviction and narrative in decision-making under radical uncertainty. THEORY & PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 27:501-523. [PMID: 28804217 PMCID: PMC5533212 DOI: 10.1177/0959354317713158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We propose conviction narrative theory (CNT) to broaden decision-making theory in order to better understand and analyse how subjectively means-end rational actors cope in contexts in which the traditional assumptions in decision-making models fail to hold. Conviction narratives enable actors to draw on their beliefs, causal models, and rules of thumb to identify opportunities worth acting on, to simulate the future outcome of their actions, and to feel sufficiently convinced to act. The framework focuses on how narrative and emotion combine to allow actors to deliberate and to select actions that they think will produce the outcomes they desire. It specifies connections between particular emotions and deliberative thought, hypothesising that approach and avoidance emotions evoked during narrative simulation play a crucial role. Two mental states, Divided and Integrated, in which narratives can be formed or updated, are introduced and used to explain some familiar problems that traditional models cannot.
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46
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Jensen MP, Solé E, Castarlenas E, Racine M, Roy R, Miró J, Cane D. Behavioral inhibition, maladaptive pain cognitions, and function in patients with chronic pain. Scand J Pain 2017; 17:41-48. [PMID: 28850372 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Trait behavioral inhibition represents a tendency to react with negative emotions - primarily worry - to cues which signal potential threats. This tendency has been hypothesized by a two-factor model of chronic pain to have direct effects on psychological and physical function in individuals with chronic pain, as well as to influence the associations between pain-related maladaptive cognitions and function. Our aim was to test these hypothesized associations in a sample of individuals who were being screened for possible interdisciplinary chronic pain treatment. METHODS Eighty-eight patients referred to an interdisciplinary chronic pain management program were administered measures of average pain intensity, trait behavioral inhibition, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, depressive symptoms, and pain interference. We then performed two linear regression analyses to evaluate the direct effects of trait behavioral inhibition on depressive symptoms and pain interference and the extent to which behavioral inhibition moderated the associations between kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing, and the criterion variables. RESULTS In partial support of the study hypotheses, the results showed significant (and independent) direct effects of trait behavioral inhibition on depressive symptoms, and behavioral inhibition moderated the association between kinesiophobia and depression, such that there were stronger associations between kinesiophobia and depressive symptoms in those with higher dispositional sensitivity to fear-inducing stimuli. However, neither direct nor moderating effects of behavioral inhibition emerged in the prediction of pain interference. CONCLUSIONS If replicated in additional studies, the findings would indicate that chronic pain treatments which target both reductions in maladaptive cognitions (to decrease the direct negative effects of these on depressive symptoms) and the individual's tendency to respond to pain with worry (as a way to buffer the potential effects of maladaptive cognitions on depressive symptoms) might be more effective than treatments that targeted only one of these factors. IMPLICATIONS Additional research is needed to further evaluate the direct and moderating effects of pain-related behavioral inhibition on function, as well as the extent to which treatments which target behavioral inhibition responses provide benefits to individuals with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Jensen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Ester Solé
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain; Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elena Castarlenas
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain; Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mélanie Racine
- Clinical and Neurological Sciences Department, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rubén Roy
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain; Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Miró
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain; Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Douglas Cane
- Pain Management Unit, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Neural substrates of trait impulsivity, anhedonia, and irritability: Mechanisms of heterotypic comorbidity between externalizing disorders and unipolar depression. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 28:1177-1208. [PMID: 27739396 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Trait impulsivity, which is often defined as a strong preference for immediate over delayed rewards and results in behaviors that are socially inappropriate, maladaptive, and short-sighted, is a predisposing vulnerability to all externalizing spectrum disorders. In contrast, anhedonia is characterized by chronically low motivation and reduced capacity to experience pleasure, and is common to depressive disorders. Although externalizing and depressive disorders have virtually nonoverlapping diagnostic criteria in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, heterotypic comorbidity between them is common. Here, we review common neural substrates of trait impulsivity, anhedonia, and irritability, which include both low tonic mesolimbic dopamine activity and low phasic mesolimbic dopamine responding to incentives during reward anticipation and associative learning. We also consider how other neural networks, including bottom-up emotion generation systems and top-down emotion regulation systems, interact with mesolimbic dysfunction to result in alternative manifestations of psychiatric illness. Finally, we present a model that emphasizes a translational, transdiagnostic approach to understanding externalizing/depression comorbidity. This model should refine ways in which internalizing and externalizing disorders are studied, classified, and treated.
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48
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Maples-Keller JL, Price M, Jovanovic T, Norrholm SD, Odenat L, Post L, Zwiebach L, Breazeale K, Gross R, Kim SJ, Rothbaum BO. Targeting memory reconsolidation to prevent the return of fear in patients with fear of flying. Depress Anxiety 2017; 34:610-620. [PMID: 28380277 DOI: 10.1002/da.22626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When a memory is recalled, it may again exist in a labile state and stored information becomes amenable to change, a psychobiological process known as reconsolidation. Exposure therapy for anxiety disorders involves accessing a fear memory and modifying it with less fearful information. A preclinical study reported that providing a reminder of a fear memory 10 min prior to extinction training in humans decreased fear up to 1 year later (Schiller et al., 2010). METHODS For this pilot clinical study, we used virtual reality exposure therapy (VRE) for fear of flying (FoF) to determine if using a cue to reactivate the memory of the feared stimulus 10 min prior to exposure sessions leads to fewer anxiety-related behaviors and a more durable response compared to a neutral cue. FoF participants (N = 89) received four sessions of anxiety management training followed by four sessions of VRE. Participants were randomly assigned to receive an FoF cue (reactivation group) or a neutral cue (control group) prior to the VRE sessions. Heart rate (HR) and skin conductance levels (SCLs) were collected during posttreatment and 3-month follow-up assessments as objective markers of fear responding. RESULTS Treatment was effective and all clinical measures improved equally between groups at posttreatment with maintained gains through follow-ups. Significant differences were identified with regard to HR and SCL indices. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that memory reactivation prior to exposure therapy did not have an impact on clinical measures but may enhance the effect of exposure therapy at the physiological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Maples-Keller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew Price
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Seth D Norrholm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lydia Odenat
- Carrefour of Atlanta: Psychological Health Institute (CAPHI), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Loren Post
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liza Zwiebach
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathryn Breazeale
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robin Gross
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sae-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Barbara Olasov Rothbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Rzepa E, Dean Z, McCabe C. Bupropion Administration Increases Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Dorso-Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:455-462. [PMID: 28340244 PMCID: PMC5458340 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients on the selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors like citalopram report emotional blunting. We showed previously that citalopram reduces resting-state functional connectivity in healthy volunteers in a number of brain regions, including the dorso-medial prefrontal cortex, which may be related to its clinical effects. Bupropion is a dopaminergic and noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor and is not reported to cause emotional blunting. However, how bupropion affects resting-state functional connectivity in healthy controls remains unknown. Methods Using a within-subjects, repeated-measures, double-blind, crossover design, we examined 17 healthy volunteers (9 female, 8 male). Volunteers received 7 days of bupropion (150 mg/d) and 7 days of placebo treatment and underwent resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. We selected seed regions in the salience network (amygdala and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex) and the central executive network (dorsal medial prefrontal cortex). Mood and anhedonia measures were also recorded and examined in relation to resting-state functional connectivity. Results Relative to placebo, bupropion increased resting-state functional connectivity in healthy volunteers between the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex seed region and the posterior cingulate cortex and the precuneus cortex, key parts of the default mode network. Conclusions These results are opposite to that which we found with 7 days treatment of citalopram in healthy volunteers. These results reflect a different mechanism of action of bupropion compared with selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors. These results help explain the apparent lack of emotional blunting caused by bupropion in depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Rzepa
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, UK
| | - Zola Dean
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, UK
| | - Ciara McCabe
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, UK
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Kim BN, Kwon SM. The link between hypomania risk and creativity: The role of heightened behavioral activation system (BAS) sensitivity. J Affect Disord 2017; 215:9-14. [PMID: 28288308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between bipolar disorder (BD) and creativity is well-known; however, relatively little is known about its potential mechanism. We investigated whether heightened behavioral activation system (BAS) sensitivity may mediate such relationship. METHODS Korean young adults (N=543) completed self-report questionnaires that included the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS), the Behavioral Activation System(BAS) Scale, the Everyday Creativity Scale (ECS), the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale (ASRM). Correlational, hierarchical regression and mediation analyses using bootstrap confidence intervals were conducted. RESULTS As predicted, BAS sensitivity was associated with self-reported creativity as well as hypomania risk and symptoms. Even when positive affect was controlled, BAS sensitivity predicted incrementally significant variance in explaining creativity. In mediation analysis, BAS sensitivity partially mediated the relation between hypomania risk and creativity. LIMITATIONS Reliance on self-report measures in assessing creativity and usage of non-clinical sample. CONCLUSIONS BAS sensitivity was related not only to mood pathology but also to creativity. As a basic affective temperament, BAS sensitivity may help explain incompatible sides of adaptation associated with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Na Kim
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 1, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-746, South Korea.
| | - Seok-Man Kwon
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 1, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-746, South Korea
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