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Guerrero L, Bouazzaoui B, Isingrini M, Angel L. Impact of working memory capacity on predominance of parietal over frontal P300 amplitude. Brain Cogn 2023; 170:106056. [PMID: 37339547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Working memory-related neural activity varies with task load, and these neural variations can be constrained by working memory capacity (WMC). For instance, some studies suggest that parietal and frontal P300 amplitudes, reflecting working memory functioning, vary differentially with task load and WMC. The present study explored whether the predominance of parietal over frontal P300 amplitude is related to WMC, and whether this relationship varies according to task load. Thirty-one adults aged 20-40 years performed a Sternberg task with two set sizes (2 vs. 6 items), during which event-related potentials were recorded. This allowed us to explore the P300 and estimate the magnitude of its parietal over frontal predominance, calculated as a parietal over frontal predominance index (PFPI). Participants also performed the Digit Span and alpha span tests, which were used to compute an independent index of WMC. Results revealed the classic parietal over frontal P300 predominance. They also indicated that the PFPI decreased as task load increased, owing mainly to an increase in frontal P300 amplitude. Interestingly, WMC was positively correlated with the PFPI, suggesting that individuals with greater WMC exhibited greater parietal over frontal predominance. These correlations did not vary across set sizes. Parietal over frontal predominance was reduced in individuals with lower WMC, who relied more on frontal neural resources. This frontal upregulation may have reflected the recruitment of supplementary attentional executive operations to compensate for less efficient working memory maintenance operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Guerrero
- Nantes Université, Université d'Angers, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, UR 4638, Chemin la Censive du Tertre, 44312 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - Badiâa Bouazzaoui
- Université de Tours, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7295, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (CeRCA), 3 Rue des Tanneurs, 37041 Tours Cedex 1, France.
| | - Michel Isingrini
- Université de Tours, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7295, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (CeRCA), 3 Rue des Tanneurs, 37041 Tours Cedex 1, France.
| | - Lucie Angel
- Université de Tours, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7295, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (CeRCA), 3 Rue des Tanneurs, 37041 Tours Cedex 1, France.
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2
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Patelaki E, Foxe JJ, Mantel EP, Kassis G, Freedman EG. Paradoxical improvement of cognitive control in older adults under dual-task walking conditions is associated with more flexible reallocation of neural resources: A Mobile Brain-Body Imaging (MoBI) study. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120098. [PMID: 37037381 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining walking with a demanding cognitive task is traditionally expected to elicit decrements in gait and/or cognitive task performance. However, it was recently shown that, in a cohort of young adults, most participants improved performance when walking was added to performance of a Go/NoGo response inhibition task. The present study aims to extend these previous findings to an older adult cohort, to investigate whether this improvement when dual-tasking is observed in healthy older adults. Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI) was used to record electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, three-dimensional (3D) gait kinematics and behavioral responses in the Go/NoGo task, during sitting or walking on a treadmill, in 34 young adults and 37 older adults. Increased response accuracy during walking, independent of age, was found to correlate with slower responses to stimuli (r = 0.44) and with walking-related EEG amplitude modulations over frontocentral regions (r = 0.47) during the sensory gating (N1) and conflict monitoring (N2) stages of inhibition, and over left-lateralized prefrontal regions (r = 0.47) during the stage of inhibitory control implementation. These neural activity changes are related to the cognitive component of inhibition, and they were interpreted as signatures of behavioral improvement during walking. On the other hand, aging, independent of response accuracy during walking, was found to correlate with slower treadmill walking speeds (r = -0.68) and attenuation in walking-related EEG amplitude modulations over left-dominant frontal (r = -0.44) and parietooccipital regions (r = 0.48) during the N2 stage, and over centroparietal regions (r = 0.48) during the P3 stage. These neural activity changes are related to the motor component of inhibition, and they were interpreted as signatures of aging. Older adults whose response accuracy 'paradoxically' improved during walking manifested neural signatures of both behavioral improvement and aging, suggesting that their flexibility in reallocating neural resources while walking might be maintained for the cognitive but not for the motor inhibitory component. These distinct neural signatures of aging and behavior can potentially be used to identify 'super-agers', or individuals at risk for cognitive decline due to aging or neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Patelaki
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 201 Robert B. Goergen Hall Rochester, New York, 14627, USA
| | - John J Foxe
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA.
| | - Emma P Mantel
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - George Kassis
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Edward G Freedman
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA.
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3
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Getzmann S, Schneider D, Wascher E. Selective spatial attention in lateralized multi-talker speech perception: EEG correlates and the role of age. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 126:1-13. [PMID: 36881943 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Speech comprehension under dynamic cocktail party conditions requires auditory search for relevant speech content and focusing spatial attention on the target talker. Here, we investigated the development of these cognitive processes in a population of 329 participants aged 20-70 years. We used a multi-talker speech detection and perception task in which pairs of words (each consisting of a cue and a target word) were simultaneously presented from lateralized positions. Participants attended to predefined cue words and responded to the corresponding target. Task difficulty was varied by presenting cue and target stimuli at different intensity levels. Decline in performance was observed only in the oldest group (age range 53-70 years) and only in the most difficult condition. The EEG analysis of neurocognitive correlates of lateralized auditory attention and stimulus evaluation (N2ac, LPCpc, alpha power lateralization) revealed age-associated changes in focussing on and processing of task-relevant information, while no such deficits were found on early auditory search and target segregation. Irrespective of age, more challenging listening conditions were associated with an increased allocation of attentional resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Getzmann
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Daniel Schneider
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
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4
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Involvement of executive control in neural capacity related to working memory in aging: an ERP P300 study. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:1311-1333. [PMID: 35680698 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Executive control could be involved in neural capacity, which corresponds to the modulation of neural activity with increased task difficulty. Thus, by exploring the P300-an electrophysiological correlate of working memory-we examined the role played by executive control in both the age-related decline in working memory and neural capacity in aging. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while younger and older participants performed a Sternberg task with two set sizes (2 vs. 6 items), allowing us to calculate a neural capacity index. Participants also completed two control tasks (Stroop and 3-back tests), which were used to calculate a composite executive control index. Results indicated that working memory performance decreased with aging and difficulty. At the neural level, results indicated that the P300 amplitude varied with aging and also with task difficulty. In the low difficulty condition, frontal P300 amplitude was higher for older than for younger adults, whereas in the high difficulty condition, the amplitude of frontal and parietal P300 did not differ between both age groups. Results also suggest that task difficulty led to a decrease in parietal amplitude in both age groups and to an increase in frontal amplitude in younger but not older adults. Both executive control and frontal neural capacity mediated the age-related variance in working memory for older adults. Moreover, executive control mediated the age-related variance in the frontal neural capacity of older adults. Thus, the present study suggests a model for older adults in which executive control deficits with advancing age lead to less efficient frontal recruitment to cope with task difficulty (neural capacity), which in turn has a negative impact on working memory functioning.
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N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonism modulates P300 event-related potentials and associated activity in salience and central executive networks. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 211:173287. [PMID: 34653398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in auditory information processing in schizophrenia as indexed electrophysiologically by P300 deficits during novelty (P3a) and target (P3b) processing are linked to N -methyl- D -aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction. This study in 14 healthy volunteers examined the effects of a subanesthetic dose of the NMDAR antagonist ketamine on P300 and their relationship to psychomimetic symptoms and cortical source activity (with eLORETA). Ketamine reduced early (e- P3a) and late (l-P3a) novelty P300 at sensor (scalp)-level and at source-level in the salience network. Increases in dissociation symptoms were negatively correlated with ketamine-induced P3b changes, at sensor-level and source-level, in both salience and central executive networks. These P3a alterations during novelty processing, and the symptom-related P3b changes during target processing support a model of NMDAR hypofunction underlying disrupted auditory attention in schizophrenia.
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Assessing combinatorial effects of HIV infection and former cocaine dependence on cognitive control processes: A high-density electrical mapping study of response inhibition. Neuropharmacology 2021; 195:108636. [PMID: 34090915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Stimulant drug use in HIV + patients is associated with poor personal and public health outcomes, including high-risk sexual behavior and faster progression from HIV to AIDS. Inhibitory control--the ability to withhold a thought, feeling, or action--is a central construct involved in the minimization of risk-taking behaviors. Recent neuroimaging and behavioral evidence indicate normalization of inhibitory control processes in former cocaine users as a function of the duration of drug abstinence, but it is unknown whether this recovery trajectory persists in former users with comorbid HIV. Here, we investigate the neural correlates of inhibitory control in 103 human subjects using high-density EEG recording as participants performed a Go/NoGo response inhibition task. Four groups of participants were recruited, varying on HIV and cocaine-dependence status. Electrophysiological responses to successful inhibitions and behavioral task performance were compared among groups. Results indicate persistent behavioral and neurophysiological impairment in HIV+ patients' response inhibition despite current abstinence from cocaine. Analysis of task performance showed that HIV+ abstinent cocaine-dependent participants demonstrate the lowest performance of all groups across all metrics of task accuracy. Planned comparisons of electrophysiological components revealed a main effect of scalp site and an interaction between HIV-status and scalp site on N2 amplitudes during successful inhibitions. Analysis of the P3 time region showed a main effect of scalp site and an interaction between HIV-status and cocaine dependence. These results suggest synergistic alterations in the neurophysiology of response inhibition and indicate that abstinence-related recovery of inhibitory control may be attenuated in patients with HIV.
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Molinero S, Giménez-Fernández T, López FJ, Carretié L, Luque D. Stimulus-response learning and expected reward value enhance stimulus cognitive processing: An ERP study. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13795. [PMID: 33604885 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reward affects our attention to stimuli, prioritizing those that lead to high-value outcomes. Recently, it has been suggested that such reward-related cognitive prioritization might be associated with the process of learning new stimulus-response (S-R) associations, because both are acquired through extended reward training, and once established, they are hard to overcome. We used event-related potentials (ERP) to analyze the contribution of S-R links to the formation of reward-related cognitive prioritization during reinforcement learning. Reward-related cognitive prioritization was measured by comparing the ERP signals for stimuli predicting high-value and low-value outcomes. In addition, we compared a strong S-R link (same stimulus, same response), with a weak S-R link condition (same stimulus, two different responses). The participants' performance was more accurate and faster when the procedure allowed for establishing strong S-R links and for high-value outcomes. Furthermore, those stimuli associated with strong S-R links showed a larger P3 amplitude at parietal sites. Value effects (larger ERP activity for those stimuli predicting a high-value outcome) were obtained at parietal and occipital sites in the P3 time window. However, value effects did not benefit from strong S-R links in either the P1 or the P3 components. These results suggest that strong S-R learning is not necessary to develop reward-related modulations of ERP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Molinero
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Tamara Giménez-Fernández
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J López
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Carretié
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Luque
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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8
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Foss-Feig JH, Guillory SB, Roach BJ, Velthorst E, Hamilton H, Bachman P, Belger A, Carrion R, Duncan E, Johannesen J, Light GA, Niznikiewicz M, Addington JM, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt B, McGlashan T, Perkins D, Seidman LJ, Stone WS, Tsuang M, Walker EF, Woods S, Bearden CE, Mathalon DH. Abnormally Large Baseline P300 Amplitude Is Associated With Conversion to Psychosis in Clinical High Risk Individuals With a History of Autism: A Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:591127. [PMID: 33633603 PMCID: PMC7901571 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.591127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosis rates in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are 5-35% higher than in the general population. The overlap in sensory and attentional processing abnormalities highlights the possibility of related neurobiological substrates. Previous research has shown that several electroencephalography (EEG)-derived event-related potential (ERP) components that are abnormal in schizophrenia, including P300, are also abnormal in individuals at Clinical High Risk (CHR) for psychosis and predict conversion to psychosis. Yet, it is unclear whether P300 is similarly sensitive to psychosis risk in help-seeking CHR individuals with ASD history. In this exploratory study, we leveraged data from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS2) to probe for the first time EEG markers of longitudinal psychosis profiles in ASD. Specifically, we investigated the P300 ERP component and its sensitivity to psychosis conversion across CHR groups with (ASD+) and without (ASD-) comorbid ASD. Baseline EEG data were analyzed from 304 CHR patients (14 ASD+; 290 ASD-) from the NAPLS2 cohort who were followed longitudinally over two years. We examined P300 amplitude to infrequent Target (10%; P3b) and Novel distractor (10%; P3a) stimuli from visual and auditory oddball tasks. Whereas P300 amplitude attenuation is typically characteristic of CHR and predictive of conversion to psychosis in non-ASD sample, in our sample, history of ASD moderated this relationship such that, in CHR/ASD+ individuals, enhanced - rather than attenuated - visual P300 (regardless of stimulus type) was associated with psychosis conversion. This pattern was also seen for auditory P3b amplitude to Target stimuli. Though drawn from a small sample of CHR individuals with ASD, these preliminary results point to a paradoxical effect, wherein those with both CHR and ASD history who go on to develop psychosis have a unique pattern of enhanced neural response during attention orienting to both visual and target stimuli. Such a pattern stands out from the usual finding of P300 amplitude reductions predicting psychosis in non-ASD CHR populations and warrants follow up in larger scale, targeted, longitudinal studies of those with ASD at clinical high risk for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Foss-Feig
- Department of Psychiatry and Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sylvia B Guillory
- Department of Psychiatry and Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brian J Roach
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry and Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Holly Hamilton
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Peter Bachman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erica Duncan
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Atlanta VA Health Care System and Emory University, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Jason Johannesen
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gregory A Light
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Jean M Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kristin S Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Barbara Cornblatt
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas McGlashan
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Diana Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - William S Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ming Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Atlanta VA Health Care System and Emory University, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Scott Woods
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Mindfulness meditation alters neural activity underpinning working memory during tactile distraction. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:1216-1233. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Hamilton HK, Roach BJ, Bachman PM, Belger A, Carrion RE, Duncan E, Johannesen JK, Light GA, Niznikiewicz MA, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cornblatt BA, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Seidman LJ, Tsuang MT, Walker EF, Woods SW, Cannon TD, Mathalon DH. Association Between P300 Responses to Auditory Oddball Stimuli and Clinical Outcomes in the Psychosis Risk Syndrome. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:1187-1197. [PMID: 31389974 PMCID: PMC6686970 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In most patients, a prodromal period precedes the onset of schizophrenia. Although clinical criteria for identifying the psychosis risk syndrome (PRS) show promising predictive validity, assessment of neurophysiologic abnormalities in at-risk individuals may improve clinical prediction and clarify the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE To determine whether P300 event-related potential amplitude, which is deficient in schizophrenia, is reduced in the PRS and associated with clinical outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Auditory P300 data were collected as part of the multisite, case-control North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-2) at 8 university-based outpatient programs. Participants included 552 individuals meeting PRS criteria and 236 healthy controls with P300 data. Auditory P300 data of participants at risk who converted to psychosis (n = 73) were compared with those of nonconverters who were followed up for 24 months and continued to be symptomatic (n = 135) or remitted from the PRS (n = 90). Data were collected from May 27, 2009, to September 17, 2014, and were analyzed from December 3, 2015, to May 1, 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Baseline electroencephalography was recorded during an auditory oddball task. Two P300 subcomponents were measured: P3b, elicited by infrequent target stimuli, and P3a, elicited by infrequent nontarget novel stimuli. RESULTS This study included 788 participants. The PRS group (n = 552) included 236 females (42.8%) (mean [SD] age, 19.21 [4.38] years), and the healthy control group (n = 236) included 111 females (47.0%) (mean [SD] age, 20.44 [4.73] years). Target P3b and novelty P3a amplitudes were reduced in at-risk individuals vs healthy controls (d = 0.37). Target P3b, but not novelty P3a, was significantly reduced in psychosis converters vs nonconverters (d = 0.26), and smaller target P3b amplitude was associated with a shorter time to psychosis onset in at-risk individuals (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.04-2.00; P = .03). Participants with the PRS who remitted had baseline target P3b amplitudes that were similar to those of healthy controls and greater than those of converters (d = 0.51) and at-risk individuals who remained symptomatic (d = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, deficits in P300 amplitude appeared to precede psychosis onset. Target P3b amplitudes, in particular, may be sensitive to clinical outcomes in the PRS, including both conversion to psychosis and clinical remission. Auditory target P3b amplitude shows promise as a putative prognostic biomarker of clinical outcome in the PRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly K. Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
| | - Brian J. Roach
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
| | - Peter M. Bachman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ricardo E. Carrion
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, New York,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York
| | - Erica Duncan
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jason K. Johannesen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Health Care System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gregory A. Light
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Margaret A. Niznikiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, Massachusetts
| | - Jean Addington
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Barbara A. Cornblatt
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, New York,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York,Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York
| | - Thomas H. McGlashan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Diana O. Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Larry J. Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Elaine F. Walker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Scott W. Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tyrone D. Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut,Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
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Auditory mismatch detection, distraction, and attentional reorientation (MMN-P3a-RON) in neurological and psychiatric disorders: A review. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 146:85-100. [PMID: 31654696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Involuntary attention allows for the detection and processing of novel and potentially relevant stimuli that lie outside of cognitive focus. These processes comprise change detection in sensory contexts, automatic orientation toward this change, and the selection of adaptive responses, including reorientation to the original goal in cases when the detected change is not relevant for task demands. These processes have been studied using the Event-Related Potential (ERP) technique and have been associated to the Mismatch Negativity (MMN), the P3a, and the Reorienting Negativity (RON) electrophysiological components, respectively. This has allowed for the objective evaluation of the impact of different neuropsychiatric pathologies on involuntary attention. Additionally, these ERP have been proposed as alternative measures for the early detection of disease and the tracking of its progression. The objective of this review was to integrate the results reported to date about MMN, P3a, and RON in different neurological and psychiatric disorders. We included experimental studies with clinical populations that reported at least two of these three components in the same experimental paradigm. Overall, involuntary attention seems to reflect the state of cognitive integrity in different pathologies in adults. However, if the main goal for these ERP is to consider them as biomarkers, more research about their pathophysiological specificity in each disorder is needed, as well as improvement in the general experimental conditions under which these components are elicited. Nevertheless, these ERP represent a valuable neurophysiological tool for early detection and follow-up of diverse clinical populations.
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12
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Hamilton HK, Woods SW, Roach BJ, Llerena K, McGlashan TH, Srihari VH, Ford JM, Mathalon DH. Auditory and Visual Oddball Stimulus Processing Deficits in Schizophrenia and the Psychosis Risk Syndrome: Forecasting Psychosis Risk With P300. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:1068-1080. [PMID: 30753731 PMCID: PMC6737543 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Identification of neurophysiological abnormalities associated with schizophrenia that predate and predict psychosis onset may improve clinical prediction in the psychosis risk syndrome (PRS) and help elucidate the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Amplitude reduction of the P300 event-related potential component reflects attention-mediated processing deficits and is among the most replicated biological findings in schizophrenia, making it a candidate biomarker of psychosis risk. The relative extent to which deficits in P300 amplitudes elicited by auditory and visual oddball stimuli precede psychosis onset during the PRS and predict transition to psychosis, however, remains unclear. Forty-three individuals meeting PRS criteria, 19 schizophrenia patients, and 43 healthy control (HC) participants completed baseline electroencephalography recording during separate auditory and visual oddball tasks. Two subcomponents of P300 were measured: P3b, elicited by infrequent target stimuli, and P3a, elicited by infrequent nontarget novel stimuli. Auditory and visual target P3b and novel P3a amplitudes were reduced in PRS and schizophrenia participants relative to HC participants. In addition, baseline auditory and visual target P3b, but not novel P3a, amplitudes were reduced in 15 PRS participants who later converted to psychosis, relative to 18 PRS non-converters who were followed for at least 22 months. Furthermore, target P3b amplitudes predicted time to psychosis onset among PRS participants. These results suggest that P300 amplitude deficits across auditory and visual modalities emerge early in the schizophrenia illness course and precede onset of full psychosis. Moreover, target P3b may represent an important neurophysiological vulnerability marker of the imminence of risk for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly K Hamilton
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Brian J Roach
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA
| | - Katiah Llerena
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Judith M Ford
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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13
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Roach BJ, D'Souza DC, Ford JM, Mathalon DH. Test-retest reliability of time-frequency measures of auditory steady-state responses in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101878. [PMID: 31228795 PMCID: PMC6587022 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Auditory steady-state response (ASSR) paradigms have consistently demonstrated gamma band abnormalities in schizophrenia at a 40-Hz driving frequency with both electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Various time-frequency measures have been used to assess the 40-Hz ASSR, including evoked power, single trial total power, phase-locking factor (PLF), and phase-locking angle (PLA). While both EEG and MEG studies have shown power and PLF ASSR measures to exhibit excellent test-retest reliability in healthy adults, the reliability of these measures in patients with schizophrenia has not been determined. Methods ASSRs were obtained by recording EEG data during presentation of repeated 20-Hz, 30-Hz and 40-Hz auditory click trains from nine schizophrenia patients (SZ) and nine healthy controls (HC) tested on two occasions. Similar ASSR data were collected from a separate group of 30 HC on two to three test occasions. A subset of these HC subjects had EEG recordings during two tasks, passively listening and actively attending to click train stimuli. Evoked power, total power, PLF, and PLA were calculated following Morlet wavelet time-frequency decomposition of EEG data and test-retest generalizability (G) coefficients were calculated for each ASSR condition, time-frequency measure, and subject group. Results G-coefficients ranged from good to excellent (> 0.6) for most 40-Hz time-frequency measures and participant groups, whereas 20-Hz G-coefficients were much more variable. Importantly, test-retest reliability was excellent for the various 40-Hz ASSR measures in SZ, similar to reliabilities in HC. Active attention to click train stimuli modestly reduced G-coefficients in HC relative to the passive listening condition. Discussion The excellent test-retest reliability of 40-Hz ASSR measures replicates previous EEG and MEG studies. PLA, a relatively new time-frequency measure, was shown for the first time to have excellent reliability, comparable to power and PLF measures. Excellent reliability of 40 Hz ASSR measures in SZ supports their use in clinical trials and longitudinal observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Roach
- Psychiatry Service, San Francisco VA, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Deepak Cyril D'Souza
- Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Judith M Ford
- Psychiatry Service, San Francisco VA, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Psychiatry Service, San Francisco VA, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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14
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Cycowicz YM. Orienting and memory to unexpected and/or unfamiliar visual events in children and adults. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 36:100615. [PMID: 30685577 PMCID: PMC6969219 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For children, new experiences occur very often, and learning to differentiate between old and new events is a fundamental process necessary for appropriate reactions to stimuli. Thus the present study is concerned with maturation of brain responses to repeated novel events. We examined the effect of repetition of familiar (meaningful) and unfamiliar (meaningless) symbols on the event-related-potentials (ERPs) recorded during novelty oddball and recognition memory tasks from children, adolescents and young adults. During the novelty oddball task, repetition of the familiar symbols elicited a reduction in the novelty P3 in the ERPs of all age groups, while repetition of the unfamiliar symbols elicited a reduction in novelty P3 amplitude only in children. As expected, recognition memory performance improved with age and was better for familiar than unfamiliar symbols. For all age groups, ERPs to correctly recognized familiar old symbols elicited a larger positivity than ERPs to correctly identified new symbols, indicating a reliable memory effect. However, ERPs to unfamiliar old and new symbols did not differ in adults and adolescents but did differ in children. The data suggest that children process familiar visual symbols in a similar fashion to that of adults, and that children process unfamiliar symbols differently from adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael M Cycowicz
- Division of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States.
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15
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Effects of sensation seeking on habituation to novelty: An EEG study. Neuropsychologia 2019; 129:133-140. [PMID: 30922831 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sensation seeking is characterized by a strong need for novelty and has been associated with various risk-taking behaviors. Using the extreme between-group design, the current study investigated the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying habituation to novelty processing in sensation seeking. Twenty high sensation seekers (HSS) and 20 low sensation seekers (LSS) performed an auditory oddball task while their EEG was recorded. The results revealed that both the novelty P3 and midfrontal theta power decreased from the first to the second half for LSS but not for HSS. Additionally, this reduced vigilance was predicted by the experience-seeking subcomponent of sensation seeking. Together, our findings are supportive of an abnormal habituation to novel events in the sensation-seeking trait.
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16
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Zhang H, Chang L, Chen X, Ma L, Zhou R. Working Memory Updating Training Improves Mathematics Performance in Middle School Students With Learning Difficulties. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:154. [PMID: 29740298 PMCID: PMC5928151 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) deficit is considered the key cause of learning difficulties (LDs). Studies have shown that WM is plastic and thus can be improved through training. This positive effect is transferable to fluid intelligence and academic performance. This study investigated whether WM updating ability and academic performance in children with LDs could be improved through WM updating training and explored the effects of this training on the children’s brain activity. We used a running memory task lasting approximately 40 min per day for 28 days to train a group of 23 children with LDs (TLDs group). We also selected two control groups of 22 children with LDs (CLDs group) and 20 children without LDs (normal control [NC] group). The behavioral results of a pretest indicated that WM updating ability and academic performance in the TLDs and CLDs groups were significantly lower than those in the NC group before training. Compared with the CLDs group, the TLDs group exhibited significant performance improvement in a 2-back WM task, as well as in mathematical ability. Event-related potentials (ERPs) results suggested that the amplitudes of N160 (representative of visual recognition) and P300 (representative of updating processing, which is a valid index for updating WM) in the TLDs and CLDs groups were markedly lower than those in the NC group before training. In the TLDs group, these two components increased considerably after training, approaching levels similar to those in the NC group. The results of this study suggest that WM updating training can improve WM updating ability in children with LDs and the training effect can transfer to mathematical performance in such children. Furthermore, the participants’ brain activity levels can exhibit positive changes. This article provides experimental evidence that WM updating training could mitigate the symptoms of LDs to a certain degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Hamilton HK, Perez VB, Ford JM, Roach BJ, Jaeger J, Mathalon DH. Mismatch Negativity But Not P300 Is Associated With Functional Disability in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:492-504. [PMID: 29036701 PMCID: PMC5890465 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300 event-related potential (ERP) reductions in schizophrenia (SZ) reflect preattentive and attention-mediated auditory processing deficits, respectively. Although both have been linked to cognitive deficits in SZ, their relative contributions to real-world functioning are unclear. We sought to determine the functional significance of disrupted auditory processing in SZ by examining MMN and P300 in typically disabled low-functioning patients and in patients with high levels of independent role functioning. MMN to auditory deviants and P300 to infrequent auditory target and nontarget novel stimuli were assessed in 20 high-functioning SZ patients (HF-SZ), 17 low-functioning patients (LF-SZ), and 35 healthy comparison (HC) subjects. There was a group effect on MMN and P300 amplitudes across stimulus types. MMN was significantly diminished in LF-SZ compared to HF-SZ and HC, and HF-SZ demonstrated comparable MMN to HC. In contrast, P300 was significantly reduced in both LF-SZ and HF-SZ compared to HC. Logistic regression suggested independent sensitivity of MMN to functioning in SZ over and above P300 measures. Neither MMN nor P300 were associated with positive or negative symptom severity. Results replicate MMN and P300 abnormalities in SZ, and also suggest that the neural mechanisms associated with the preattentive detection of auditory deviance are most compromised in patients with functional disability. MMN may index pathophysiological processes that are critical for optimal functioning in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly K Hamilton
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Veronica B Perez
- California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA,University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Judith M Ford
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Brian J Roach
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA
| | - Judith Jaeger
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY,CognitionMetrics, LLC, Wilmington, DE
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; San Francisco VA Health Care System, 4150 Clement Street, 116D, San Francisco, CA 94121; tel: 415-221-4810-x23860; e-mail:
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18
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Getzmann S, Wascher E, Schneider D. The role of inhibition for working memory processes: ERP evidence from a short-term storage task. Psychophysiology 2017; 55:e13026. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Getzmann
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors; Dortmund Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors; Dortmund Germany
| | - Daniel Schneider
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors; Dortmund Germany
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19
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O’Brien JL, Lister JJ, Fausto BA, Clifton GK, Edwards JD. Cognitive Training Enhances Auditory Attention Efficiency in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:322. [PMID: 29046634 PMCID: PMC5632656 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory cognitive training (ACT) improves attention in older adults; however, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are still unknown. The present study examined the effects of ACT on the P3b event-related potential reflecting attention allocation (amplitude) and speed of processing (latency) during stimulus categorization and the P1-N1-P2 complex reflecting perceptual processing (amplitude and latency). Participants completed an auditory oddball task before and after 10 weeks of ACT (n = 9) or a no contact control period (n = 15). Parietal P3b amplitudes to oddball stimuli decreased at post-test in the trained group as compared to those in the control group, and frontal P3b amplitudes show a similar trend, potentially reflecting more efficient attentional allocation after ACT. No advantages for the ACT group were evident for auditory perceptual processing or speed of processing in this small sample. Our results provide preliminary evidence that ACT may enhance the efficiency of attention allocation, which may account for the positive impact of ACT on the everyday functioning of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. O’Brien
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer J. Lister
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Gregory K. Clifton
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jerri D. Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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20
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Morlet D, Ruby P, André-Obadia N, Fischer C. The auditory oddball paradigm revised to improve bedside detection of consciousness in behaviorally unresponsive patients. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1644-1662. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Morlet
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, INSERM U 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University Lyon 1; Lyon France
| | - Perrine Ruby
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, INSERM U 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University Lyon 1; Lyon France
| | - Nathalie André-Obadia
- Functional Neurology and Epileptology Department; Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Lyon France
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Neuropain Team, INSERM U 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University Lyon 1; Lyon France
| | - Catherine Fischer
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, INSERM U 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University Lyon 1; Lyon France
- Functional Neurology and Epileptology Department; Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Lyon France
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21
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Wang S, Yang C, Liu Y, Shao Z, Jackson T. Early and late stage processing abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders: An ERP study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178542. [PMID: 28542618 PMCID: PMC5443563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This research assessed event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited during the processing of different kinds of visual stimuli among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (n = 15) and typically developing (TD) children (n = 19). Within a simple visual oddball paradigm, participating children passively viewed fruit and vegetable images that were used as standard stimuli in addition to images of these foods with their usual colors modified to create novel stimuli and cartoon depictions of these images (i.e., “deviant” stimuli). Analyses revealed significant main effect differences between the groups for P100, N100 and P300 components; ASD group children showing longer P100 latencies, weaker N100 amplitudes and larger P300 amplitudes than did the TD group. A Group x Hemisphere interaction also emerged for N400 amplitudes but differences were not significant in simple-effects analyses. Together these results suggested children with ASD may be characterized by lower attention resource allocation and engagement during early stages of processing visual stimuli. However, ERPs in later processing stages suggested children with ASD and TD children have similar neural responses in attending to visual images as stimulus presentations continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunjuan Yang
- Rehabilitation Center for Children With Autism, Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Shao
- Rehabilitation Center for Children With Autism, Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Todd Jackson
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China
- * E-mail:
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22
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Diamond LM. Contributions of Psychophysiology to Research on Adult Attachment: Review and Recommendations. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2016. [DOI: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0504_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing use of psychophysiological measures to investigate social and interpersonal phenomena, few studies of adult romantic attachment have taken advantage of this approach. In this article I argue for a biologically-specific, theory-based integration of psychophysiological measures into adult attachment research. This approach would help elucidate the normative psychobiological properties of the attachment system, which have received little study in humans. Specifically, it would allow researchers to test targeted hypotheses regarding affect and arousal regulation in attachment relationships. I provide a general introduction to 2 biological systems that hold particular promise for adult attachment research: the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis of the endocrine system. I highlight the relevance of these systems for attachment phenomena and review findings from selected social psychophysiological research. I conclude by outlining a tentative theoretical model of the psychobiology of adult attachment and identifying specific directions for future research.
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23
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Switching of auditory attention in "cocktail-party" listening: ERP evidence of cueing effects in younger and older adults. Brain Cogn 2016; 111:1-12. [PMID: 27814564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Verbal communication in a "cocktail-party situation" is a major challenge for the auditory system. In particular, changes in target speaker usually result in declined speech perception. Here, we investigated whether speech cues indicating a subsequent change in target speaker reduce the costs of switching in younger and older adults. We employed event-related potential (ERP) measures and a speech perception task, in which sequences of short words were simultaneously presented by four speakers. Changes in target speaker were either unpredictable or semantically cued by a word within the target stream. Cued changes resulted in a less decreased performance than uncued changes in both age groups. The ERP analysis revealed shorter latencies in the change-related N400 and late positive complex (LPC) after cued changes, suggesting an acceleration in context updating and attention switching. Thus, both younger and older listeners used semantic cues to prepare changes in speaker setting.
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24
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Kaufman DAS, Keith CM, Perlstein WM. Orbitofrontal Cortex and the Early Processing of Visual Novelty in Healthy Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:101. [PMID: 27199744 PMCID: PMC4852196 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Event-related potential (ERP) studies have previously found that scalp topographies of attention-related ERP components show frontal shifts with age, suggesting an increased need for compensatory frontal activity to assist with top-down facilitation of attention. However, the precise neural time course of top-down attentional control in aging is not clear. In this study, 20 young (mean: 22 years) and 14 older (mean: 64 years) adults completed a three-stimulus visual oddball task while high-density ERPs were acquired. Colorful, novel distracters were presented to engage early visual processing. Relative to young controls, older participants exhibited elevations in occipital early posterior positivity (EPP), approximately 100 ms after viewing colorful distracters. Neural source models for older adults implicated unique patterns of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; BA 11) activity during early visual novelty processing (100 ms), which was positively correlated with subsequent activations in primary visual cortex (BA 17). Older adult EPP amplitudes and OFC activity were associated with performance on tests of complex attention and executive function. These findings are suggestive of age-related, compensatory neural changes that may driven by a combination of weaker cortical efficiency and increased need for top-down control over attention. Accordingly, enhanced early OFC activity during visual attention may serve as an important indicator of frontal lobe integrity in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cierra M. Keith
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis UniversitySt. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William M. Perlstein
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- VA RR&D Brain Rehabilitation Research Center of Excellence, Malcom Randall Veterans Administration Medical CenterGainesville, FL, USA
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Focused and divided attention in a simulated cocktail-party situation: ERP evidence from younger and older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 41:138-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Changes in P3b Latency and Amplitude Reflect Expertise Acquisition in a Football Visuomotor Learning Task. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154021. [PMID: 27111898 PMCID: PMC4844160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning is not a unitary phenomenon. Rather, learning progresses through stages, with the stages reflecting different challenges that require the support of specific cognitive processes that reflect the functions of different brain networks. A theory of general learning proposes that learning can be divided into early and late stages controlled by corticolimbic networks located in frontal and posterior brain regions, respectively. Recent human studies using dense-array EEG (dEEG) support these results by showing progressive increases in P3b amplitude (an Event Related Potential with estimated sources in posterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus) as participants acquire a new visuomotor skill. In the present study, the P3b was used to track the learning and performance of participants as they identify defensive football formations and make an appropriate response. Participants acquired the task over three days, and P3b latency and amplitude significantly changed when participants learned the task. As participants demonstrated further proficiency with extensive training, amplitude and latency changes in the P3b continued to closely mirror performance improvements. Source localization results across all days suggest that an important source generator of the P3b is located in the posterior cingulate cortex. Results from the study support prior findings and further suggest that the careful analysis of covert learning mechanisms and their underlying electrical signatures are a robust index of task competency.
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Effects of age and task difficulty on ERP responses to novel sounds presented during a speech-perception-in-noise test. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:360-368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Getzmann S, Hanenberg C, Lewald J, Falkenstein M, Wascher E. Effects of age on electrophysiological correlates of speech processing in a dynamic "cocktail-party" situation. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:341. [PMID: 26483623 PMCID: PMC4586946 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful speech perception in multi-speaker environments depends on auditory scene analysis, comprising auditory object segregation and grouping, and on focusing attention toward the speaker of interest. Changes in speaker settings (e.g., in speaker position) require object re-selection and attention re-focusing. Here, we tested the processing of changes in a realistic multi-speaker scenario in younger and older adults, employing a speech-perception task, and event-related potential (ERP) measures. Sequences of short words (combinations of company names and values) were simultaneously presented via four loudspeakers at different locations, and the participants responded to the value of a target company. Voice and position of the speaker of the target information were kept constant for a variable number of trials and then changed. Relative to the pre-change level, changes caused higher error rates, and more so in older than younger adults. The ERP analysis revealed stronger fronto-central N2 and N400 components in younger adults, suggesting a more effective inhibition of concurrent speech stimuli and enhanced language processing. The difference ERPs (post-change minus pre-change) indicated a change-related N400 and late positive complex (LPC) over parietal areas in both groups. Only the older adults showed an additional frontal LPC, suggesting increased allocation of attentional resources after changes in speaker settings. In sum, changes in speaker settings are critical events for speech perception in multi-speaker environments. Especially older persons show deficits that could be based on less flexible inhibitory control and increased distraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Getzmann
- Aging Research Group, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christina Hanenberg
- Aging Research Group, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörg Lewald
- Aging Research Group, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Falkenstein
- Aging Research Group, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors Dortmund, Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Aging Research Group, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors Dortmund, Germany
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GABA Deficits Enhance the Psychotomimetic Effects of Δ9-THC. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2047-56. [PMID: 25728472 PMCID: PMC4839528 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mindfulness Trait Predicts Neurophysiological Reactivity Associated with Negativity Bias: An ERP Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:212368. [PMID: 26124852 PMCID: PMC4466385 DOI: 10.1155/2015/212368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the relationship of mindfulness trait with the early and late stages of affective processing, by examining the two corresponding ERP components, P2 and LPP, collected from twenty-two male Chinese participants with a wide range of meditation experiences. Multiple regression analyses was performed on the mindfulness scores, as measured by CAMS-R, with the subjective affective ratings and ERP data collected during an emotion processing task. The results showed that increased mindfulness scores predicted increased valence ratings of negative stimuli (less negative), as well as increased P2 amplitudes at the frontocentral location for positive compared to negative stimuli. Based on these findings, a plausible mechanism of mindfulness in reducing negativity bias was discussed. Moreover, our results replicated previous findings on the age-related increase of P2 amplitudes at the frontal sites for positive compared to neutral stimuli. Since the locations at which P2 amplitudes were found as associated with age and mindfulness differed, as did the emotional contents of the stimuli being compared, indicating that the effect of age did not confound our findings on mindfulness and the two factors might operate on early affective processing from distinct sources and mechanisms.
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31
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Tenke CE, Kayser J, Abraham K, Alvarenga JE, Bruder GE. Posterior EEG alpha at rest and during task performance: Comparison of current source density and field potential measures. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 97:299-309. [PMID: 26026372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Resting and task-related EEG alpha are used in studies of cognition and psychopathology. Although Laplacian methods have been applied, apprehensions about loss of global activity dissuade researchers from greater use except as a supplement to reference-dependent measures. The unfortunate result has been continued reliance on reference strategies that differ across labs, and a systemic preference for a montage-dependent average reference over true reference-free measures. We addressed these concerns by comparing resting- and task-related EEG alpha using three EEG transformations: nose- (NR) and average-referenced (AR) EEG, and the corresponding CSD. Amplitude spectra of resting and prestimulus task-related EEG (novelty oddball) and event-related spectral perturbations were scaled to equate each transformation. Alpha measures quantified for 8-12 Hz bands were: 1) net amplitude (eyes-closed minus eyes-open) and 2) overall amplitude (eyes-closed plus eyes-open); 3) task amplitude (prestimulus baseline) and 4) task event-related desynchronization (ERD). Mean topographies unambiguously represented posterior alpha for overall, net and task, as well as poststimulus alpha ERD. Topographies were similar for the three transformations, but differed in dispersion, CSD being sharpest and NR most broadly distributed. Transformations also differed in scale, AR showing less attenuation or spurious secondary maxima at anterior sites, consistent with simulations of distributed posterior generators. Posterior task alpha and alpha ERD were positively correlated with overall alpha, but not with net alpha. CSD topographies consistently and appropriately represented posterior EEG alpha for all measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Tenke
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jürgen Kayser
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Abraham
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge E Alvarenga
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerard E Bruder
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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The aging brain shows less flexible reallocation of cognitive resources during dual-task walking: A mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) study. Neuroimage 2015; 117:230-42. [PMID: 25988225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with reduced abilities to selectively allocate attention across multiple domains. This may be particularly problematic during everyday multitasking situations when cognitively demanding tasks are performed while walking. Due to previous limitations in neuroimaging technology, much remains unknown about the cortical mechanisms underlying resource allocation during locomotion. Here, we utilized an EEG-based mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) technique that integrates high-density event-related potential (ERP) recordings with simultaneously acquired foot-force sensor data to monitor gait patterns and brain activity concurrently. To assess effects of motor load on cognition we evaluated young (N=17; mean age=27.2) and older adults (N=16; mean age=63.9) and compared behavioral and ERP measures associated with performing a Go/No-Go response inhibition task as participants sat stationary or walked on a treadmill. Stride time and variability were also measured during task performance and compared to stride parameters obtained without task performance, thereby assessing effects of cognitive load on gait. Results showed that older, but not young adults' accuracy dropped significantly when performing the inhibitory task while walking. Young adults revealed ERP modulations at relatively early (N2 amplitude reduction) and later (earlier P3 latency) stages within the processing stream as motor load increased while walking. In contrast, older adults' ERP modulations were limited to later processing stages (increased P3 amplitude) of the inhibitory network. The relative delay and attenuation of ERP modulations accompanied by behavioral costs in older participants might indicate an age-associated loss in flexible resource allocation across multiple tasks. Better understanding of the neural underpinnings of these age-related changes may lead to improved strategies to reduce fall risk and enhance mobility in aging.
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Tsolaki A, Kosmidou V, Hadjileontiadis L, Kompatsiaris I(Y, Tsolaki M. Brain source localization of MMN, P300 and N400: Aging and gender differences. Brain Res 2015; 1603:32-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Getzmann S, Wascher E, Falkenstein M. What does successful speech-in-noise perception in aging depend on? Electrophysiological correlates of high and low performance in older adults. Neuropsychologia 2015; 70:43-57. [PMID: 25681737 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging usually decreases the ability to understand language under difficult listening conditions. However, aging is also associated with increased between-subject variability. Here, we studied potential sources of inter-individual differences and investigated spoken language understanding of younger and older adults (age ranges 21-35 and 57-74 years, respectively) in a simulated "cocktail-party" scenario. A naturalistic "stock-price monitoring" task was employed in which prices of listed companies were simultaneously recited by four speakers at different locations in space. The participants responded when prices of a target company exceeded specific values, while ignoring all other companies. According to their individual performance levels three subgroups of participants were composed, consisting of 12 high-performing and 12 low-performing older adults, and 12 young adults matching the high-performing older group. The analysis of the event-related brain potentials indicated that all older adults showed delayed attentional control (indicated by a later P2) and reduced speech processing (indicated by a reduced N400), relative to the younger adults. High-performing older adults differed in increased allocation of attention and inhibitory control (indicated by a stronger P2-N2 complex) from their low-performing counterparts. The results are consistent with the idea of an adjustment of mental resources that could help compensating potential deficiencies in peripheral and central auditory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Getzmann
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystraße 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystraße 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Falkenstein
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystraße 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
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Getzmann S, Lewald J, Falkenstein M. Using auditory pre-information to solve the cocktail-party problem: electrophysiological evidence for age-specific differences. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:413. [PMID: 25540608 PMCID: PMC4261705 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Speech understanding in complex and dynamic listening environments requires (a) auditory scene analysis, namely auditory object formation and segregation, and (b) allocation of the attentional focus to the talker of interest. There is evidence that pre-information is actively used to facilitate these two aspects of the so-called “cocktail-party” problem. Here, a simulated multi-talker scenario was combined with electroencephalography to study scene analysis and allocation of attention in young and middle-aged adults. Sequences of short words (combinations of brief company names and stock-price values) from four talkers at different locations were simultaneously presented, and the detection of target names and the discrimination between critical target values were assessed. Immediately prior to speech sequences, auditory pre-information was provided via cues that either prepared auditory scene analysis or attentional focusing, or non-specific pre-information was given. While performance was generally better in younger than older participants, both age groups benefited from auditory pre-information. The analysis of the cue-related event-related potentials revealed age-specific differences in the use of pre-cues: Younger adults showed a pronounced N2 component, suggesting early inhibition of concurrent speech stimuli; older adults exhibited a stronger late P3 component, suggesting increased resource allocation to process the pre-information. In sum, the results argue for an age-specific utilization of auditory pre-information to improve listening in complex dynamic auditory environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Getzmann
- Aging Research Group, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo) Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörg Lewald
- Aging Research Group, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo) Dortmund, Germany ; Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Falkenstein
- Aging Research Group, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo) Dortmund, Germany
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36
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Kamp SM, Donchin E. ERP and pupil responses to deviance in an oddball paradigm. Psychophysiology 2014; 52:460-71. [PMID: 25369764 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between, and functional significance of, P300, novelty P3, and the pupil dilation response (PDR). Subjects categorized stimuli including (a) words of a frequent category, (b) words of an infrequent category (14%), and (c) pictures of the frequent category ("novels"; 14%). The P300 and novelty P3 were uncorrelated with the PDR and differed in their response to experimental manipulation. Therefore, although the three physiological responses often co-occur, they appear to each manifest a distinct function: The PDR may be more closely linked to aspects of behavioral responding than the event-related potentials. Within participants, P300 and PDR latencies accounted for unique portions of the reaction time variance, and amplitudes of all three responses were larger for stimuli recalled on a subsequent test, compared to not recalled. We discuss the possibility that all three responses reflect norepinephric input from the locus coeruleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri-Maria Kamp
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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37
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Petit G, Kornreich C, Dan B, Verbanck P, Campanella S. Electrophysiological correlates of alcohol- and non-alcohol-related stimuli processing in binge drinkers: a follow-up study. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:1041-52. [PMID: 25122045 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114545663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuation of binge drinking is associated with the development of neurocognitive brain abnormalities similar to those observed in patients with alcohol dependence. Alcohol cue reactivity constitutes a risk marker for alcohol dependence. Through event-related potentials (ERPs), we aimed to examine its potential presence as well as its evolution over time in binge drinkers in a one-year period. METHODS ERPs were recorded during a visual oddball task in which controls (n=15) and binge drinkers (n=15) had to detect infrequent deviant stimuli (related or unrelated to alcohol) among frequent standard stimuli. The test was performed twice with a one-year interval in order to explore the long-lasting influence of drinking habits. RESULTS Contrary to the controls, binge drinkers showed significantly reduced amplitudes of the P1 component for both alcohol and non-alcohol-related cues and of the P3 component only for neutral cues in the second assessment compared with the first. CONCLUSION The continuation of binge drinking over one year is associated with the development of brain functional abnormalities (indexed by the P1 component) as well as a higher reactivity to alcohol-related stimuli and/or a decreased reactivity to non-alcohol-related stimuli (indexed by the P3 component).
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Petit
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Kornreich
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Dan
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Verbanck
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Salvatore Campanella
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Cid-Fernández S, Lindín M, Díaz F. Effects of aging and involuntary capture of attention on event-related potentials associated with the processing of and the response to a target stimulus. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:745. [PMID: 25294999 PMCID: PMC4172052 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to assess whether aging modulates the effects of involuntary capture of attention by novel stimuli on performance, and on event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with target processing (N2b and P3b) and subsequent response processes (stimulus-locked Lateralized Readiness Potential -sLRP- and response-locked Lateralized Readiness Potential -rLRP-). An auditory-visual distraction-attention task was performed by 77 healthy participants, divided into three age groups (Young: 21-29, Middle-aged: 51-64, Old: 65-84 years old). Participants were asked to attend to visual stimuli and to ignore auditory stimuli. Aging was associated with slowed reaction times, target stimulus processing in working memory (WM, longer N2b and P3b latencies) and selection and preparation of the motor response (longer sLRP and earlier rLRP onset latencies). In the novel relative to the standard condition we observed, in the three age groups: (1) a distraction effect, reflected in a slowing of reaction times, of stimuli categorization in WM (longer P3b latency), and of motor response selection (longer sLRP onset latency); (2) a facilitation effect on response preparation (later rLRP onset latency), and (3) an increase in arousal (larger amplitudes of all ERPs evaluated, except for N2b amplitude in the Old group). A distraction effect on the stimulus evaluation processes (longer N2b latency) were also observed, but only in middle-aged and old participants, indicating that the attentional capture slows the stimulus evaluation in WM from early ages (from 50 years onwards, without differences between middle-age and older adults), but not in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cid-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Psicofisioloxía e Neurociencia Cognitiva, Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía, Facultade de Psicoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña Galiza, Spain
| | - Mónica Lindín
- Laboratorio de Psicofisioloxía e Neurociencia Cognitiva, Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía, Facultade de Psicoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña Galiza, Spain
| | - Fernando Díaz
- Laboratorio de Psicofisioloxía e Neurociencia Cognitiva, Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía, Facultade de Psicoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña Galiza, Spain
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39
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Sokhadze EM, El-Baz AS, Sears LL, Opris I, Casanova MF. rTMS neuromodulation improves electrocortical functional measures of information processing and behavioral responses in autism. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:134. [PMID: 25147508 PMCID: PMC4123734 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Reports in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) of a minicolumnopathy with consequent deficits of lateral inhibition help explain observed behavioral and executive dysfunctions. We propose that neuromodulation based on low frequency repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) will enhance lateral inhibition through activation of inhibitory double bouquet interneurons and will be accompanied by improvements in the prefrontal executive functions. In addition we proposed that rTMS will improve cortical excitation/inhibition ratio and result in changes manifested in event-related potential (ERP) recorded during cognitive tests. Materials and Methods: Along with traditional clinical behavioral evaluations the current study used ERPs in a visual oddball task with illusory figures. We compared clinical, behavioral and electrocortical outcomes in two groups of children with autism (TMS, wait-list group). We predicted that 18 session long course in autistic patients will have better behavioral and ERP outcomes as compared to age- and IQ-matched WTL group. We used 18 sessions of 1 Hz rTMS applied over the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex in 27 individuals with ASD diagnosis. The WTL group was comprised of 27 age-matched subjects with ASD tested twice. Both TMS and WTL groups were assessed at the baseline and after completion of 18 weekly sessions of rTMS (or wait period) using clinical behavioral questionnaires and during performance on visual oddball task with Kanizsa illusory figures. Results: Post-TMS evaluations showed decreased irritability and hyperactivity on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), and decreased stereotypic behaviors on the Repetitive Behavior Scale (RBS-R). Following rTMS course we found decreased amplitude and prolonged latency in the frontal and fronto-central N100, N200 and P300 (P3a) ERPs to non-targets in active TMS treatment group. TMS resulted in increase of P2d (P2a to targets minus P2a to non-targets) amplitude. These ERP changes along with increased centro-parietal P100 and P300 (P3b) to targets are indicative of more efficient processing of information post-TMS treatment. Another important finding was decrease of the latency and increase of negativity of error-related negativity (ERN) during commission errors that may reflect improvement in error monitoring and correction function. Enhanced information processing was also manifested in lower error rate. In addition we calculated normative post-error treaction time (RT) slowing response in both groups and found that rTMS treatment was accompanied by post-error RT slowing and higher accuracy of responses, whereas the WTL group kept on showing typical for ASD post-error RT speeding and higher commission and omission error rates. Conclusion: Results from our study indicate that rTMS improves executive functioning in ASD as evidenced by normalization of ERP responses and behavioral reactions (RT, accuracy) during executive function test, and also by improvements in clinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estate M Sokhadze
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ayman S El-Baz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lonnie L Sears
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ioan Opris
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Manuel F Casanova
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA
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40
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Knott V, Choueiry J, Dort H, Smith D, Impey D, de la Salle S, Philippe T. Baseline-dependent modulating effects of nicotine on voluntary and involuntary attention measured with brain event-related P3 potentials. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 122:107-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Alperin BR, Mott KK, Rentz DM, Holcomb PJ, Daffner KR. Investigating the age-related "anterior shift" in the scalp distribution of the P3b component using principal component analysis. Psychophysiology 2014; 51:620-33. [PMID: 24660980 PMCID: PMC4630002 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An age-related "anterior shift" in the distribution of the P3b is often reported. Temporospatial principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the basis of this observation. ERPs were measured in young and old adults during a visual oddball task. PCA revealed two spatially distinct factors in both age groups, identified as the posterior P3b and anterior P3a. Young subjects generated a smaller P3a than P3b, while old subjects generated a P3a that did not differ in amplitude from their P3b. Rather than having a more anteriorly distributed P3b, old subjects produced a large, temporally overlapping P3a. The pattern of the age-related "anterior shift" in the P3 was similar for target and standard stimuli. The increase in the P3a in elderly adults may not represent a failure to habituate the novelty response, but may reflect greater reliance on executive control operations (P3a) to carry out the categorization/updating process (P3b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany R. Alperin
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine K. Mott
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dorene M. Rentz
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Phillip J. Holcomb
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 490 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Kirk R. Daffner
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Tomé D, Barbosa F, Nowak K, Marques-Teixeira J. The development of the N1 and N2 components in auditory oddball paradigms: a systematic review with narrative analysis and suggested normative values. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:375-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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West R, Tiernan BN, Kieffaber PD, Bailey K, Anderson S. The effects of age on the neural correlates of feedback processing in a naturalistic gambling game. Psychophysiology 2014; 51:734-45. [PMID: 24758702 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined age-related differences in the spatiotemporal distribution of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) related to feedback processing in a virtual blackjack game. The behavioral data revealed that older adults were less risk seeking than younger adults both within and across trials. Age-related differences were observed in the amplitude of several ERP components (P2-FN-P3a, P3a, slow wave activity) related to feedback processing. These components were localized to the anterior and posterior cingulate, the occipital cortex, and the inferior and medial frontal cortices. The effects of aging on the ERPs ranged from 200-2,000 ms after feedback onset. Our findings indicate that aging affects the activity of a distributed neural network that underpins processing the valence and motivational significance of feedback related to risky decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert West
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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De Sanctis P, Butler JS, Malcolm BR, Foxe JJ. Recalibration of inhibitory control systems during walking-related dual-task interference: a mobile brain-body imaging (MOBI) study. Neuroimage 2014; 94:55-64. [PMID: 24642283 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Walking while simultaneously performing cognitively demanding tasks such as talking or texting are typical complex behaviors in our daily routines. Little is known about neural mechanisms underlying cortical resource allocation during such mobile actions, largely due to portability limitations of conventional neuroimaging technologies. We applied an EEG-based Mobile Brain-Body Imaging (MOBI) system that integrates high-density event-related potential (ERP) recordings with simultaneously acquired foot-force sensor data to monitor gait patterns and brain activity. We compared behavioral and ERP measures associated with performing a Go/NoGo response-inhibition task under conditions where participants (N=18) sat in a stationary way, walked deliberately or walked briskly. This allowed for assessment of effects of increasing dual-task load (i.e. walking speed) on neural indices of inhibitory control. Stride time and variability were also measured during inhibitory task performance and compared to stride parameters without task performance, thereby assessing reciprocal dual-task effects on gait parameters. There were no task performance differences between sitting and either walking condition, indicating that participants could perform both tasks simultaneously without suffering dual-task costs. However, participants took longer strides under dual-task load, likely indicating an adaptive mechanism to reduce inter-task competition for cortical resources. We found robust differences in amplitude, latency and topography of ERP components (N2 and P3) associated with inhibitory control between the sitting and walking conditions. Considering that participants showed no dual-task performance costs, we suggest that observed neural alterations under increasing task-load represent adaptive recalibration of the inhibitory network towards a more controlled and effortful processing mode, thereby optimizing performance under dual-task situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierfilippo De Sanctis
- The Sheryl & Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Children's Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC), Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Van Etten Building - Wing 1C, 1225 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; The Sheryl & Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Children's Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC), Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Van Etten Building - Wing 1C, 1225 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, City College of the City University of New York, Department of Psychology, 138th Street & Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA; Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, City College of the City University of New York, Department of Biology, 138th Street & Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - John S Butler
- The Sheryl & Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Children's Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC), Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Van Etten Building - Wing 1C, 1225 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; The Sheryl & Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Children's Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC), Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Van Etten Building - Wing 1C, 1225 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Brenda R Malcolm
- The Sheryl & Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Children's Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC), Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Van Etten Building - Wing 1C, 1225 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; The Sheryl & Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Children's Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC), Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Van Etten Building - Wing 1C, 1225 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, City College of the City University of New York, Department of Psychology, 138th Street & Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA; Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, City College of the City University of New York, Department of Biology, 138th Street & Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - John J Foxe
- The Sheryl & Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Children's Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC), Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Van Etten Building - Wing 1C, 1225 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; The Sheryl & Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Children's Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC), Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Van Etten Building - Wing 1C, 1225 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, City College of the City University of New York, Department of Psychology, 138th Street & Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA; Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, City College of the City University of New York, Department of Biology, 138th Street & Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA.
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Extensive occupational finger use delays age effects in tactileperception—an ERP study. Atten Percept Psychophys 2014; 76:1160-75. [DOI: 10.3758/s13414-014-0634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Mathalon DH, Ahn KH, Perry EB, Cho HS, Roach BJ, Blais RK, Bhakta S, Ranganathan M, Ford JM, D'Souza DC. Effects of nicotine on the neurophysiological and behavioral effects of ketamine in humans. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:3. [PMID: 24478731 PMCID: PMC3900858 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and its associated neurocognitive impairments. The high rate of cigarette smoking in schizophrenia raises questions about how nicotine modulates putative NMDA receptor hypofunction in the illness. Accordingly, we examined the modulatory effects of brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation on NMDA receptor hypofunction by examining the interactive effects of nicotine, a nAChR agonist, and ketamine, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, on behavioral and neurophysiological measures in healthy human volunteers. METHODS From an initial sample of 17 subjects (age range 18-55 years), 8 subjects successfully completed 4 test sessions, each separated by at least 3 days, during which they received ketamine or placebo and two injections of nicotine or placebo in a double-blind, counterbalanced manner. Schizophrenia-like effects Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, perceptual alterations Clinician Administered Dissociative Symptoms Scale, subjective effects Visual Analog Scale and auditory event-related brain potentials (mismatch negativity, MMN; P300) were assessed during each test session. RESULTS Consistent with existing studies, ketamine induced transient schizophrenia-like behavioral effects. P300 was reduced and delayed by ketamine regardless of whether it was elicited by a target (P3b) or novel (P3a) stimulus, while nicotine only reduced the amplitude of P3a. Nicotine did not rescue P300 from the effects of ketamine; the interactions of ketamine and nicotine were not significant. While nicotine significantly reduced MMN amplitude, ketamine did not. CONCLUSION Nicotine failed to modulate ketamine-induced neurophysiological and behavioral effects in this preliminary study. Interestingly, ketamine reduced P3b amplitude and nicotine reduced P3a amplitude, suggesting independent roles of NMDA receptor and nAChR in the generation of P3b and P3a, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA ; Mental Health Service (116D), San Francisco VA Medical Center , San Francisco, CA , USA
| | - Kyung-Heup Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA ; Schizophrenia Biological Research Center (116A), VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven, CT , USA ; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center , New Haven, CT , USA
| | - Edward B Perry
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA ; Schizophrenia Biological Research Center (116A), VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven, CT , USA ; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center , New Haven, CT , USA
| | - Hyun-Sang Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Brian J Roach
- Mental Health Service (116D), San Francisco VA Medical Center , San Francisco, CA , USA
| | - Rebecca K Blais
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA
| | - Savita Bhakta
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA
| | - Mohini Ranganathan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA
| | - Judith M Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA ; Mental Health Service (116D), San Francisco VA Medical Center , San Francisco, CA , USA
| | - Deepak Cyril D'Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA ; Schizophrenia Biological Research Center (116A), VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven, CT , USA ; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center , New Haven, CT , USA
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Rufener KS, Liem F, Meyer M. Age-related differences in auditory evoked potentials as a function of task modulation during speech-nonspeech processing. Brain Behav 2014; 4:21-8. [PMID: 24653951 PMCID: PMC3937703 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy aging is typically associated with impairment in various cognitive abilities such as memory, selective attention or executive functions. Less well observed is the fact that also language functions in general and speech processing in particular seems to be affected by age. This impairment is partly caused by pathologies of the peripheral auditory nervous system and central auditory decline and in some part also by a cognitive decay. AIMS This cross-sectional electroencephalography (EEG) study investigates temporally early electrophysiological correlates of auditory related selective attention in young (20-32 years) and older (60-74 years) healthy adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS In two independent tasks, we systematically modulate the subjects' focus of attention by presenting words and pseudowords as targets and white noise stimuli as distractors. RESULTS Behavioral data showed no difference in task accuracy between the two age samples irrespective of the modulation of attention. However, our work is the first to show that the N1-and the P2 component evoked by speech and nonspeech stimuli are specifically modulated in older adults and young adults depending on the subjects' focus of attention. CONCLUSION This finding is particularly interesting in that the age-related differences in AEPs may be reflecting levels of processing that are not mirrored by the behavioral measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Simone Rufener
- Neuroplasticity and Learning in the Normal Aging Brain (HAB LAB), University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziskus Liem
- Departement of Neuropsychology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Meyer
- Neuroplasticity and Learning in the Normal Aging Brain (HAB LAB), University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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Auditory event-related potentials and α oscillations in the psychosis prodrome: neuronal generator patterns during a novelty oddball task. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 91:104-20. [PMID: 24333745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that event-related potentials (ERP) obtained during active and passive auditory paradigms, which have demonstrated abnormal neurocognitive function in schizophrenia, may provide helpful tools in predicting transition to psychosis. In addition to ERP measures, reduced modulations of EEG alpha, reflecting top-down control required to inhibit irrelevant information, have revealed attentional deficits in schizophrenia and its prodromal stage. Employing a three-stimulus novelty oddball task, nose-referenced 48-channel ERPs were recorded from 22 clinical high-risk (CHR) patients and 20 healthy controls detecting target tones (12% probability, 500Hz; button press) among nontargets (76%, 350Hz) and novel sounds (12%). After current source density (CSD) transformation of EEG epochs (-200 to 1000ms), event-related spectral perturbations were obtained for each site up to 30Hz and 800ms after stimulus onset, and simplified by unrestricted time-frequency (TF) principal components analysis (PCA). Alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD) as measured by TF factor 610-9 (spectral peak latency at 610ms and 9Hz; 31.9% variance) was prominent over right posterior regions for targets, and markedly reduced in CHR patients compared to controls, particularly in three patients who later developed psychosis. In contrast, low-frequency event-related synchronization (ERS) distinctly linked to novels (260-1; 16.0%; mid-frontal) and N1 sink across conditions (130-1; 3.4%; centro-temporoparietal) did not differ between groups. Analogous time-domain CSD-ERP measures (temporal PCA), consisting of N1 sink, novelty mismatch negativity (MMN), novelty vertex source, novelty P3, P3b, and frontal response negativity, were robust and closely comparable between groups. Novelty MMN at FCz was, however, absent in the three converters. In agreement with prior findings, alpha ERD and MMN may hold particular promise for predicting transition to psychosis among CHR patients.
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Bertoli S, Bodmer D. Novel sounds as a psychophysiological measure of listening effort in older listeners with and without hearing loss. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 125:1030-41. [PMID: 24216383 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether task-irrelevant novel sounds presented during an auditory task can provide information about the level of listening effort. METHODS Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded for novel sounds presented during two Experiments, a frequency discrimination task and a speech-perception-in-noise (SPIN) test, each with varying degrees of task difficulty (easy, medium, hard). Difficulty was adjusted to the individual frequency discrimination threshold and 50% speech recognition signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), respectively. Older listeners (age range 60-86 years) with either normal hearing for their age or a mild-to-moderate hearing loss participated. RESULTS Amplitudes of Novelty P3 and late positive potential (LPP) increased with increasing task difficulty, whereas amplitudes of N1 and N2 decreased. Participants with hearing loss had significantly larger LPP amplitudes in the easy condition of the SPIN test than did normal-hearing listeners. Most correlations between ERP amplitudes and behavioral data were not significant suggesting that listening effort is not a simple equivalent of behavioral performance. CONCLUSIONS LPP amplitude appeared to be the most sensitive component for capturing listening effort reflecting the arousal level of the listener. SIGNIFICANCE ERPs to novel sounds could be easily recorded during hearing tests and provide an objective physiological measure of listening effort, thus supplementing behavioral performance data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Bertoli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Bodmer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
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Zhao X, Zhou R, Fu L. Working memory updating function training influenced brain activity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71063. [PMID: 24015182 PMCID: PMC3754993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that working memory could be improved by training. We recruited healthy adult participants and used adaptive running working memory training tasks with a double-blind design, combined with the event-related potentials (ERPs) approach, to explore the influence of updating function training on brain activity. Participants in the training group underwent training for 20 days. Compared with the control group, the training group's accuracy (ACC) in the two-back working memory task had no significant differences after training, but reaction time (RT) was reduced significantly. Besides, the amplitudes of N160 and P300 increased significantly whereas that of P200 decreased significantly. The results suggest that training could have improved the participants' capacity on both inhibitory and updating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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