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Lyu S, Põldver N, Kask L, Wang L, Kreegipuu K. Native language background affects the perception of duration and pitch. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 256:105460. [PMID: 39236659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Estonian is a quantity language with both a primary duration cue and a secondary pitch cue, whereas Chinese is a tonal language with a dominant pitch use. Using a mismatch negativity experiment and a behavioral discrimination experiment, we investigated how native language background affects the perception of duration only, pitch only, and duration plus pitch information. Chinese participants perceived duration in Estonian as meaningless acoustic information due to a lack of phonological use of duration in their native language; however, they demonstrated a better pitch discrimination ability than Estonian participants. On the other hand, Estonian participants outperformed Chinese participants in perceiving the non-speech pure tones that resembled the Estonian quantity (i.e., containing both duration and pitch information). Our results indicate that native language background affects the perception of duration and pitch and that such an effect is not specific to processing speech sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Lyu
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nele Põldver
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liis Kask
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Luming Wang
- College of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kairi Kreegipuu
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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2
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Sabu S, Parmentier FBR, Horváth J. Involuntary motor responses are elicited both by rare sounds and rare pitch changes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20235. [PMID: 39215115 PMCID: PMC11364668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Unpredictable deviations from an otherwise regular auditory sequence, as well as rare sounds following a period of silence, are detected automatically. Recent evidence suggests that the latter also elicit quick involuntary modulations of ongoing motor activity emerging as early as 100 ms following sound onset, which was attributed to supramodal processing. We explored such force modulations for both rare and deviant sounds. Participants (N = 29) pinched a force sensitive device and maintained a force of 1-2 N for periods of 1 min. Task-irrelevant tones were presented under two conditions. In the Rare condition, 4000 Hz tones were presented every 8-to-16 s. In the Roving condition, 4000 Hz and 2996 Hz tones were presented at rate of 1 s, with infrequent (p = 1/12) frequency changes. In the Rare condition, transient force modulations were observed with a significant increase at ~ 234 ms, and a decrease at ~ 350 ms. In the Roving condition with low frequency deviant tones, an increase in force was observed at ~ 277 ms followed by a decrease at ~ 413 ms. No significant modulations were observed during perception of high frequency deviants. These results suggest that both rare silence-breaking sounds and low-pitched deviants evoke automatic fluctuations of motor responses, which opens up the possibility that these force modulations are triggered by stimulus-specific change-detection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simily Sabu
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, P.O.B. 286, Budapest, 1519, Hungary
| | - Fabrice B R Parmentier
- Department of Psychology and Research Institute of Health Sciences (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. De Valldemossa, Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - János Horváth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, P.O.B. 286, Budapest, 1519, Hungary.
- Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, Budapest, Hungary.
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3
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Isenstein EL, Freedman EG, Molholm S, Foxe JJ. Somatosensory temporal sensitivity in adults on the autism spectrum: A high-density electrophysiological mapping study using the mismatch negativity (MMN) sensory memory paradigm. Autism Res 2024. [PMID: 38973746 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Atypical reactivity to somatosensory inputs is common in autism spectrum disorder and carries considerable impact on downstream social communication and quality of life. While behavioral and survey work have established differences in the perception of somatosensory information, little has been done to elucidate the underlying neurophysiological processes that drive these characteristics. Here, we implemented a duration-based somatosensory mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm to examine the role of temporal sensitivity and sensory memory in the processing of vibrotactile information in autistic (n = 30) and neurotypical (n = 30) adults. To capture the variability in responses between groups across a range of duration discrepancies, we compared the electrophysiological responses to frequent standard vibrations (100 ms) and four infrequent deviant vibrations (115, 130, 145, and 160 ms). The same stimuli were used in a follow-up behavioral task to determine active detection of the infrequent vibrations. We found no differences between the two groups with regard to discrimination between standard and deviant vibrations, demonstrating comparable neurologic and behavioral temporal somatosensory perception. However, exploratory analyses yielded subtle differences in amplitude at the N1 and P220 time points. Together, these results indicate that the temporal mechanisms of somatosensory discrimination are conserved in adults on the autism spectrum, though more general somatosensory processing may be affected. We discuss these findings in the broader context of the MMN literature in autism, as well as the potential role of cortical maturity in somatosensory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Isenstein
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Edward G Freedman
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Sophie Molholm
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - John J Foxe
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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4
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Wagner-Altendorf TA, Rein M, Skeries VM, Cirkel A, Münte TF, Heldmann M. Tracking the habituation of the event-related EEG potential in automatic change detection using an auditory two-tone oddball paradigm. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae157. [PMID: 38615240 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The mismatch negativity and the P3a of the event-related EEG potential reflect the electrocortical response to a deviant stimulus in a series of stimuli. Although both components have been investigated in various paradigms, these paradigms usually incorporate many repetitions of the same deviant, thus leaving open whether both components vary as a function of the deviant's position in a series of deviant stimuli-i.e. whether they are subject to qualitative/quantitative habituation from one instantiation of a deviant to the next. This is so because the detection of mismatch negativity/P3a in the event-related EEG potential requires an averaging over dozens or hundreds of stimuli, i.e. over many instantiations of the deviant per participant. The present study addresses this research gap. We used a two-tone oddball paradigm implementing only a small number of (deviant) stimuli per participant, but applying it to a large number of participants (n > 230). Our data show that the mismatch negativity amplitude exhibits no decrease as a function of the deviant's position in a series of (standard and) deviant stimuli. Importantly, only after the very first deviant stimulus, a distinct P3a could be detected, indicative of an orienting reaction and an attention shift, and thus documenting a dissociation of mismatch negativity and P3a.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marlitt Rein
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Valentina M Skeries
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anna Cirkel
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas F Münte
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcus Heldmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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5
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Ivanova M, Neubert CR, Schmied J, Bendixen A. ERP evidence for Slavic and German word stress cue sensitivity in English. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1193822. [PMID: 37425183 PMCID: PMC10328821 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1193822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Word stress is demanding for non-native learners of English, partly because speakers from different backgrounds weight perceptual cues to stress like pitch, intensity, and duration differently. Slavic learners of English and particularly those with a fixed stress language background like Czech and Polish have been shown to be less sensitive to stress in their native and non-native languages. In contrast, German English learners are rarely discussed in a word stress context. A comparison of these varieties can reveal differences in the foreign language processing of speakers from two language families. We use electroencephalography (EEG) to explore group differences in word stress cue perception between Slavic and German learners of English. Slavic and German advanced English speakers were examined in passive multi-feature oddball experiments, where they were exposed to the word impact as an unstressed standard and as deviants stressed on the first or second syllable through higher pitch, intensity, or duration. The results revealed a robust Mismatch Negativity (MMN) component of the event-related potential (ERP) in both language groups in response to all conditions, demonstrating sensitivity to stress changes in a non-native language. While both groups showed higher MMN responses to stress changes to the second than the first syllable, this effect was more pronounced for German than for Slavic participants. Such group differences in non-native English word stress perception from the current and previous studies are argued to speak in favor of customizable language technologies and diversified English curricula compensating for non-native perceptual variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ivanova
- Faculty of Humanities, English and Digital Linguistics, Institute of English and American Studies, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Christiane R. Neubert
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Cognitive Systems Lab, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Josef Schmied
- Faculty of Humanities, English and Digital Linguistics, Institute of English and American Studies, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Alexandra Bendixen
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Cognitive Systems Lab, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
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6
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Learning to Perceive Non-Native Tones via Distributional Training: Effects of Task and Acoustic Cue Weighting. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050559. [PMID: 35624946 PMCID: PMC9138676 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As many distributional learning (DL) studies have shown, adult listeners can achieve discrimination of a difficult non-native contrast after a short repetitive exposure to tokens falling at the extremes of that contrast. Such studies have shown using behavioural methods that a short distributional training can induce perceptual learning of vowel and consonant contrasts. However, much less is known about the neurological correlates of DL, and few studies have examined non-native lexical tone contrasts. Here, Australian-English speakers underwent DL training on a Mandarin tone contrast using behavioural (discrimination, identification) and neural (oddball-EEG) tasks, with listeners hearing either a bimodal or a unimodal distribution. Behavioural results show that listeners learned to discriminate tones after both unimodal and bimodal training; while EEG responses revealed more learning for listeners exposed to the bimodal distribution. Thus, perceptual learning through exposure to brief sound distributions (a) extends to non-native tonal contrasts, and (b) is sensitive to task, phonetic distance, and acoustic cue-weighting. Our findings have implications for models of how auditory and phonetic constraints influence speech learning.
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7
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Pruvost-Robieux E, André-Obadia N, Marchi A, Sharshar T, Liuni M, Gavaret M, Aucouturier JJ. It’s not what you say, it’s how you say it: a retrospective study of the impact of prosody on own-name P300 in comatose patients. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 135:154-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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SanMiguel I, Costa-Faidella J, Lugo ZR, Vilella E, Escera C. Standard Tone Stability as a Manipulation of Precision in the Oddball Paradigm: Modulation of Prediction Error Responses to Fixed-Probability Deviants. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:734200. [PMID: 34650417 PMCID: PMC8505747 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.734200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological sensory deviance detection signals, such as the mismatch negativity (MMN), have been interpreted from the predictive coding framework as manifestations of prediction error (PE). From a frequentist perspective of the classic oddball paradigm, deviant stimuli are unexpected because of their low probability. However, the amount of PE elicited by a stimulus can be dissociated from its probability of occurrence: when the observer cannot make confident predictions, any event holds little surprise value, no matter how improbable. Here we tested the hypothesis that the magnitude of the neural response elicited to an improbable sound (D) would scale with the precision of the prediction derived from the repetition of another sound (S), by manipulating repetition stability. We recorded the Electroencephalogram (EEG) from 20 participants while passively listening to 4 types of isochronous pure tone sequences differing in the probability of the S tone (880 Hz) while holding constant the probability of the D tone [1,046 Hz; p(D) = 1/11]: Oddball [p(S) = 10/11]; High confidence (7/11); Low confidence (4/11); and Random (1/11). Tones of 9 different frequencies were equiprobably presented as fillers [p(S) + p(D) + p(F) = 1]. Using a mass-univariate non-parametric, cluster-based correlation analysis controlling for multiple comparisons, we found that the amplitude of the deviant-elicited ERP became more negative with increasing S probability, in a time-electrode window consistent with the MMN (ca. 120–200 ms; frontal), suggesting that the strength of a PE elicited to an improbable event indeed increases with the precision of the predictive model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria SanMiguel
- Brainlab-Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jordi Costa-Faidella
- Brainlab-Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Zulay R Lugo
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Escera
- Brainlab-Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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9
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Kostilainen K, Partanen E, Mikkola K, Wikström V, Pakarinen S, Fellman V, Huotilainen M. Repeated Parental Singing During Kangaroo Care Improved Neural Processing of Speech Sound Changes in Preterm Infants at Term Age. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:686027. [PMID: 34539329 PMCID: PMC8446605 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.686027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth carries a risk for adverse neurodevelopment. Cognitive dysfunctions, such as language disorders may manifest as atypical sound discrimination already in early infancy. As infant-directed singing has been shown to enhance language acquisition in infants, we examined whether parental singing during skin-to-skin care (kangaroo care) improves speech sound discrimination in preterm infants. Forty-five preterm infants born between 26 and 33 gestational weeks (GW) and their parents participated in this cluster-randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials ID IRB00003181SK). In both groups, parents conducted kangaroo care during 33-40 GW. In the singing intervention group (n = 24), a certified music therapist guided parents to sing or hum during daily kangaroo care. In the control group (n = 21), parents conducted standard kangaroo care and were not instructed to use their voices. Parents in both groups reported the duration of daily intervention. Auditory event-related potentials were recorded with electroencephalogram at term age using a multi-feature paradigm consisting of phonetic and emotional speech sound changes and a one-deviant oddball paradigm with pure tones. In the multi-feature paradigm, prominent mismatch responses (MMR) were elicited to the emotional sounds and many of the phonetic deviants in the singing intervention group and in the control group to some of the emotional and phonetic deviants. A group difference was found as the MMRs were larger in the singing intervention group, mainly due to larger MMRs being elicited to the emotional sounds, especially in females. The overall duration of the singing intervention (range 15-63 days) was positively associated with the MMR amplitudes for both phonetic and emotional stimuli in both sexes, unlike the daily singing time (range 8-120 min/day). In the oddball paradigm, MMRs for the non-speech sounds were elicited in both groups and no group differences nor connections between the singing time and the response amplitudes were found. These results imply that repeated parental singing during kangaroo care improved auditory discrimination of phonetic and emotional speech sounds in preterm infants at term age. Regular singing routines can be recommended for parents to promote the development of the auditory system and auditory processing of speech sounds in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisamari Kostilainen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eino Partanen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija Mikkola
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valtteri Wikström
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Pakarinen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vineta Fellman
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Huotilainen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,CICERO Learning Network, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Meng Y, Kotzor S, Xu C, S. Z. Wynne H, Lahiri A. Asymmetric Influence of Vocalic Context on Mandarin Sibilants: Evidence From ERP Studies. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:617318. [PMID: 33967718 PMCID: PMC8100247 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.617318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examine the interactive effect of vowels on Mandarin fricative sibilants using a passive oddball paradigm to determine whether the HEIGHT features of vowels can spread on the surface and influence preceding consonants with unspecified features. The stimuli are two pairs of Mandarin words ([sa] ∼ [ʂa] and [su] ∼ [ʂu]) contrasting in vowel HEIGHT ([LOW] vs. [HIGH]). Each word in the same pair was presented both as standard and deviant, resulting in four conditions (/standard/[deviant]: /sa/[ʂa] ∼ /ʂa/[sa] and /su/[ʂu] ∼ /ʂu/[su]). In line with the Featurally Underspecified Lexicon (FUL) model, asymmetric patterns of processing were found in the [su] ∼ [ʂu] word pair where both the MMN (mismatch negativity) and LDN (late discriminative negativity) components were more negative in /su/[ʂu] (mismatch) than in /ʂu/[su] (no mismatch), suggesting the spreading of the feature [HIGH] from the vowel [u] to [ʂ] on the surface. In the [sa] ∼ [ʂa] pair, however, symmetric negativities (for both MMN and LDN) were observed as there is no conflict between the surface feature [LOW] from [a] to [ʂ] and the underlying specified feature [LOW] of [s]. These results confirm that not all features are fully specified in the mental lexicon: features of vowels can spread on the surface and influence surrounding unspecified segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Meng
- Faculty of Linguistics, Philology and Phonetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Kotzor
- Faculty of Linguistics, Philology and Phonetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Education, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chenzi Xu
- Faculty of Linguistics, Philology and Phonetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary S. Z. Wynne
- Faculty of Linguistics, Philology and Phonetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aditi Lahiri
- Faculty of Linguistics, Philology and Phonetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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11
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Coy N, Bader M, Schröger E, Grimm S. Change detection of auditory tonal patterns defined by absolute versus relative pitch information. A combined behavioural and EEG study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247495. [PMID: 33630974 PMCID: PMC7906474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human auditory system often relies on relative pitch information to extract and identify auditory objects; such as when the same melody is played in different keys. The current study investigated the mental chronometry underlying the active discrimination of unfamiliar melodic six-tone patterns by measuring behavioural performance and event-related potentials (ERPs). In a roving standard paradigm, such patterns were either repeated identically within a stimulus train, carrying absolute frequency information about the pattern, or shifted in pitch (transposed) between repetitions, so only relative pitch information was available to extract the pattern identity. Results showed that participants were able to use relative pitch to detect when a new melodic pattern occurred. Though in the absence of absolute pitch sensitivity significantly decreased and behavioural reaction time to pattern changes increased. Mismatch-Negativity (MMN), an ERP indicator of auditory deviance detection, was elicited at approximately 206 ms after stimulus onset at frontocentral electrodes, even when only relative pitch was available to inform pattern discrimination. A P3a was elicited in both conditions, comparable in amplitude and latency. Increased latencies but no differences in amplitudes of N2b, and P3b suggest that processing at higher levels is affected when, in the absence of absolute pitch cues, relative pitch has to be extracted to inform pattern discrimination. Interestingly, the response delay of approximately 70 ms on the behavioural level, already fully manifests at the level of N2b. This is in accordance with recent findings on implicit auditory learning processes and suggests that in the absence of absolute pitch cues a slowing of target selection rather than a slowing of the auditory pattern change detection process causes the deterioration in behavioural performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Coy
- Institute of Psychology–Wilhelm Wundt, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Bader
- Institute of Psychology–Wilhelm Wundt, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erich Schröger
- Institute of Psychology–Wilhelm Wundt, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Grimm
- Institute of Psychology–Wilhelm Wundt, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Wang S, Lin M, Sun L, Chen X, Fu X, Yan L, Li C, Zhang X. Neural Mechanisms of Hearing Recovery for Cochlear-Implanted Patients: An Electroencephalogram Follow-Up Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:624484. [PMID: 33633529 PMCID: PMC7901906 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.624484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with severe profound hearing loss could benefit from cochlear implantation (CI). However, the neural mechanism of such benefit is still unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the electroencephalogram (EEG) and behavioral indicators of auditory function remodeling in patients with CI. Both indicators were sampled at multiple time points after implantation (1, 90, and 180 days). Methods First, the speech perception ability was evaluated with the recording of a list of Chinese words and sentences in 15 healthy controls (HC group) and 10 patients with CI (CI group). EEG data were collected using an oddball paradigm. Then, the characteristics of event-related potentials (ERPs) and mismatch negative (MMN) were compared between the CI group and the HC group. In addition, we analyzed the phase lag indices (PLI) in the CI group and the HC group and calculated the difference in functional connectivity between the two groups at different stages after implantation. Results The behavioral indicator, speech recognition ability, in CI patients improved as the implantation time increased. The MMN analysis showed that CI patients could recognize the difference between standard and deviation stimuli just like the HCs 90 days after cochlear implantation. Comparing the latencies of N1/P2/MMN between the CI group and the HC group, we found that the latency of N1/P2 in CI patients was longer, while the latency of MMN in CI users was shorter. In addition, PLI-based whole-brain functional connectivity (PLI-FC) showed that the difference between the CI group and the HC group mainly exists in electrode pairs between the bilateral auditory area and the frontal area. Furthermore, all those differences gradually decreased with the increase in implantation time. Conclusion The N1 amplitude, N1/P2/MMN latency, and PLI-FC in the alpha band may reflect the process of auditory function remodeling and could be an objective index for the assessment of speech perception ability and the effect of cochlear implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjian Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - LiLi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Szalárdy O, Tóth B, Farkas D, Orosz G, Honbolygó F, Winkler I. Linguistic predictability influences auditory stimulus classification within two concurrent speech streams. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13547. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Szalárdy
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Behavioural Sciences Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology Research Centre for Natural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary
| | - Brigitta Tóth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology Research Centre for Natural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary
| | - Dávid Farkas
- Analytics Development, Performance Management and Analytics, Business Development, Integrated Supply Chain Management, Nokia Business Services, Nokia Operations, Nokia Budapest Hungary
| | - Gábor Orosz
- Department of Psychology Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Ferenc Honbolygó
- Brain Imaging Centre Research Centre for Natural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary
- Institute of Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
| | - István Winkler
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology Research Centre for Natural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary
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14
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Male AG, O’Shea RP, Schröger E, Müller D, Roeber U, Widmann A. The quest for the genuine visual mismatch negativity (vMMN): Event‐related potential indications of deviance detection for low‐level visual features. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13576. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alie G. Male
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education Murdoch University Perth WA Australia
| | - Robert P. O’Shea
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education Murdoch University Perth WA Australia
- Institute of Psychology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Health and Human Sciences Southern Cross University Coffs Harbour NSW Australia
| | - Erich Schröger
- Institute of Psychology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | - Dagmar Müller
- Institute of Psychology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | - Urte Roeber
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education Murdoch University Perth WA Australia
- Institute of Psychology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | - Andreas Widmann
- Institute of Psychology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
- CBBS Research Group Neurocognitive Development Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg Germany
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15
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García-García R, Guerrero JF, Lavilla-Miyasato M, Magdalena JR, Ordoño JF, Llansola M, Montoliu C, Teruel-Martí V, Felipo V. Hyperammonemia alters the mismatch negativity in the auditory evoked potential by altering functional connectivity and neurotransmission. J Neurochem 2020; 154:56-70. [PMID: 31840253 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome produced by central nervous system dysfunction subsequent to liver disease. Hyperammonemia and inflammation act synergistically to alter neurotransmission, leading to the cognitive and motor alterations in MHE, which are reproduced in rat models of chronic hyperammonemia. Patients with MHE show altered functional connectivity in different neural networks and a reduced response in the cognitive potential mismatch negativity (MMN), which correlates with attention deficits. The mechanisms by which MMN is altered in MHE remain unknown. The objectives of this work are as follows: To assess if rats with chronic hyperammonemia reproduce the reduced response in the MMN found in patients with MHE. Analyze the functional connectivity between the areas (CA1 area of the dorsal hippocampus, prelimbic cortex, primary auditory cortex, and central inferior colliculus) involved in the generation of the MMN and its possible alterations in hyperammonemia. Granger causality analysis has been applied to detect the net flow of information between the population neuronal activities recorded from a local field potential approach. Analyze if altered MMN response in hyperammonemia is associated with alterations in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Extracellular levels of the neurotransmitters and/or membrane expression of their receptors have been analyzed after the tissue isolation of the four target sites. The results show that rats with chronic hyperammonemia show reduced MMN response in hippocampus, mimicking the reduced MMN response of patients with MHE. This is associated with altered functional connectivity between the areas involved in the generation of the MMN. Hyperammonemia also alters membrane expression of glutamate and GABA receptors in hippocampus and reduces the changes in extracellular GABA and glutamate induced by the MMN paradigm of auditory stimulus in hippocampus of control rats. The changes in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission and in functional connectivity between the brain areas analyzed would contribute to the impairment of the MMN response in rats with hyperammonemia and, likely, also in patients with MHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel García-García
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F Guerrero
- Group of Digital Signal Processing, Department of Electronic Engineer. School of Superior Engineer, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Jose R Magdalena
- Group of Digital Signal Processing, Department of Electronic Engineer. School of Superior Engineer, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F Ordoño
- Neurophysiology Service, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Llansola
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmina Montoliu
- Research Foundation Hospital Clínico Valencia. INCLIVA Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Teruel-Martí
- Laboratory of Neuronal Circuits, Department of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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16
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Hestvik A, Shinohara Y, Durvasula K, Verdonschot RG, Sakai H. Abstractness of human speech sound representations. Brain Res 2020; 1732:146664. [PMID: 31930995 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We argue, based on a study of brain responses to speech sound differences in Japanese, that memory encoding of functional speech sounds-phonemes-are highly abstract. As an example, we provide evidence for a theory where the consonants/p t k b d g/ are not only made up of symbolic features but are underspecified with respect to voicing or laryngeal features, and that languages differ with respect to which feature value is underspecified. In a previous study we showed that voiced stops are underspecified in English [Hestvik, A., & Durvasula, K. (2016). Neurobiological evidence for voicing underspecification in English. Brain and Language], as shown by asymmetries in Mismatch Negativity responses to /t/ and /d/. In the current study, we test the prediction that the opposite asymmetry should be observed in Japanese, if voiceless stops are underspecified in that language. Our results confirm this prediction. This matches a linguistic architecture where phonemes are highly abstract and do not encode actual physical characteristics of the corresponding speech sounds, but rather different subsets of abstract distinctive features.
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17
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Fong CY, Law WHC, Uka T, Koike S. Auditory Mismatch Negativity Under Predictive Coding Framework and Its Role in Psychotic Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:557932. [PMID: 33132932 PMCID: PMC7511529 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.557932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional neuroscience sees sensory perception as a simple feedforward process. This view is challenged by the predictive coding model in recent years due to the robust evidence researchers had found on how our prediction could influence perception. In the first half of this article, we reviewed the concept of predictive brain and some empirical evidence of sensory prediction in visual and auditory processing. The predictive function along the auditory pathway was mainly studied by mismatch negativity (MMN)-a brain response to an unexpected disruption of regularity. We summarized a range of MMN paradigms and discussed how they could contribute to the theoretical development of the predictive coding neural network by the mechanism of adaptation and deviance detection. Such methodological and conceptual evolution sharpen MMN as a tool to better understand the structural and functional brain abnormality for neuropsychiatric disorder such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yuen Fong
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Japan
| | - Wai Him Crystal Law
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Japan
| | - Takanori Uka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Japan.,University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Meguro-ku, Japan.,University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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18
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Frey A, François C, Chobert J, Velay JL, Habib M, Besson M. Music Training Positively Influences the Preattentive Perception of Voice Onset Time in Children with Dyslexia: A Longitudinal Study. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9040091. [PMID: 31010099 PMCID: PMC6523730 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous results showed a positive influence of music training on linguistic abilities at both attentive and preattentive levels. Here, we investigate whether six months of active music training is more efficient than painting training to improve the preattentive processing of phonological parameters based on durations that are often impaired in children with developmental dyslexia (DD). Results were also compared to a control group of Typically Developing (TD) children matched on reading age. We used a Test–Training–Retest procedure and analysed the Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and the N1 and N250 components of the Event-Related Potentials to syllables that differed in Voice Onset Time (VOT), vowel duration, and vowel frequency. Results were clear-cut in showing a normalization of the preattentive processing of VOT in children with DD after music training but not after painting training. They also revealed increased N250 amplitude to duration deviant stimuli in children with DD after music but not painting training, and no training effect on the preattentive processing of frequency. These findings are discussed in view of recent theories of dyslexia pointing to deficits in processing the temporal structure of speech. They clearly encourage the use of active music training for the rehabilitation of children with language impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Frey
- ESPE de l'académie de Créteil, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Laboratoire CHArt, 94380 Bonneuil-sur-Marne, France.
| | - Clément François
- Laboratoire Parole et Langage, CNRS et Aix Marseille Université, 13640 Aix-en-Provence, France.
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Julie Chobert
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CNRS et Aix-Marseille Université, 13331 Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Velay
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CNRS et Aix-Marseille Université, 13331 Marseille, France.
| | - Michel Habib
- Département de Neurologie Pédiatrique, CHU Timone, 13005 Marseille, France.
| | - Mireille Besson
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CNRS et Aix-Marseille Université, 13331 Marseille, France.
- Cuban Neuroscience Center, La Havane 4850, Cuba.
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19
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Ungan P, Karsilar H, Yagcioglu S. Pre-attentive Mismatch Response and Involuntary Attention Switching to a Deviance in an Earlier-Than-Usual Auditory Stimulus: An ERP Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:58. [PMID: 30894807 PMCID: PMC6414453 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An acoustic stimulus elicits an electroencephalographic response called auditory event-related potential (ERP). When some members of a stream of standard auditory stimuli are replaced randomly by a deviant stimulus and this stream is presented to a subject who ignores the stimuli, two different ERPs to deviant and standard stimuli are recorded. If the ERP to standard stimuli is subtracted from the ERP to deviant stimuli, the difference potential (DP) waveform typically exhibits a series of negative-positive-negative deflections called mismatch negativity (MMN), P3a, and reorienting negativity (RON), which are associated with pre-attentive change detection, involuntary attention switching, and reorienting of attention, respectively. The aim of the present study was to investigate how these pre-attentive processes are affected if the change occurs earlier than its usual timing implied by isochronous standard stimuli. In the MMN paradigm employed, 15% of the standards were randomly replaced by deviant stimuli which differed either in their pitch, their earlier onset time, or in both. Event-related responses to these three deviants [timely pitch change (RTP), earlier onset (REO), earlier pitch change (REP)] and to standards (RS) were recorded from 10 reading subjects. To maintain identical stimulation histories for the responses subtracted from each other, "deviant-standard" difference potentials (DP) for "timely" and "early" pitch deviances were derived as follows: DPTP = RTP - RS and DPEP = REP - REO. Interestingly, the MMN components of the DPs to timely and early pitch deviances had similar amplitudes, indicating that regularity of stimulus timing does not provide any benefit for the pre-attentive auditory change detection mechanism. However, different scalp current density (SCD) dynamics of the MMN/P3a complexes, elicited by timely and early pitch deviances, suggested that an auditory change in a stimulus occurring earlier-than-usual initiates a faster and more effective call-for-attention and causes stronger attention switching than a timely change. SCD results also indicated that the temporal, frontal, and parietal MMN components are simultaneously present rather than emerging sequentially in time, supporting the MMN models based on parallel deviance processing in the respective cortices. Similarity of the RONs to timely and early pitch deviances indicated that reorienting of attention is of the same strength in two cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekcan Ungan
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Karsilar
- Department of Psychology, Özyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suha Yagcioglu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Ishishita Y, Kunii N, Shimada S, Ibayashi K, Tada M, Kirihara K, Kawai K, Uka T, Kasai K, Saito N. Deviance detection is the dominant component of auditory contextual processing in the lateral superior temporal gyrus: A human ECoG study. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1184-1194. [PMID: 30353997 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory contextual processing has been assumed to be based on a hierarchical structure consisting of the primary auditory cortex, superior temporal gyrus (STG), and frontal lobe. Recent invasive studies on mismatch negativity (MMN) have revealed functional segregation for auditory contextual processing such as neural adaptation in the primary auditory cortex and prediction in the frontal lobe. However, the role of the STG remains unclear. We obtained induced activity in the high gamma band as mismatch response (MMR), an electrocorticographic (ECoG) counterpart to scalp MMN, and the components of MMR by analyzing ECoG data from patients with refractory epilepsy in an auditory oddball task paradigm. We found that MMR localized mainly in the bilateral posterior STGs, and that deviance detection largely accounted for MMR. Furthermore, adaptation was identified in a limited number of electrodes on the superior temporal plane. Our findings reveal a mixed contribution of deviance detection and adaptation depending on location in the STG. Such spatial considerations could lead to further understanding of the pathophysiology of relevant psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ishishita
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naoto Kunii
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seijiro Shimada
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ibayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Tada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at the University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kirihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takanori Uka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Wiens S, Szychowska M, Eklund R, van Berlekom E. Cascade and no-repetition rules are comparable controls for the auditory frequency mismatch negativity in oddball tasks. Psychophysiology 2018; 56:e13280. [PMID: 30246255 PMCID: PMC7379195 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mismatch negativity (MMN) has been widely studied with oddball tasks to index processing of unexpected auditory change. The MMN is computed as the difference of deviant minus standard and is used to capture the pattern violation by the deviant. However, this oddball MMN is confounded because the deviant differs physically from the standard and is presented less often. To improve measurement, the same tone as the deviant is presented in a separate condition. This control tone is equiprobable with other tones and is used to compute a corrected MMN (deviant minus control). Typically, the tones are in random order except that consecutive tones are not identical (no-repetition rule). In contrast, a recent study on frequency MMN presented tones in a regular up-and-down sequence (cascade rule). If the cascade rule is detected more easily than the no-repetition rule, there should be a lower risk of a confounding MMN within the cascade condition. However, in previous research, the cascade and no-repetition conditions differed not only in the regularity of the tone sequence but also in number of tones, frequency range, and proportion of tones. We controlled for these differences to isolate effects of regularity in the tone sequence. Results of our preregistered analyses provided moderate evidence (BF01 >6) that the corrected MMN did not differ between cascade and no-repetition conditions. These findings imply that no-repetition and cascade rules are processed similarly and that the no-repetition condition provides an adequate control in frequency MMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wiens
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malina Szychowska
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Eklund
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik van Berlekom
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Skerritt-Davis B, Elhilali M. Detecting change in stochastic sound sequences. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006162. [PMID: 29813049 PMCID: PMC5993325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Our ability to parse our acoustic environment relies on the brain's capacity to extract statistical regularities from surrounding sounds. Previous work in regularity extraction has predominantly focused on the brain's sensitivity to predictable patterns in sound sequences. However, natural sound environments are rarely completely predictable, often containing some level of randomness, yet the brain is able to effectively interpret its surroundings by extracting useful information from stochastic sounds. It has been previously shown that the brain is sensitive to the marginal lower-order statistics of sound sequences (i.e., mean and variance). In this work, we investigate the brain's sensitivity to higher-order statistics describing temporal dependencies between sound events through a series of change detection experiments, where listeners are asked to detect changes in randomness in the pitch of tone sequences. Behavioral data indicate listeners collect statistical estimates to process incoming sounds, and a perceptual model based on Bayesian inference shows a capacity in the brain to track higher-order statistics. Further analysis of individual subjects' behavior indicates an important role of perceptual constraints in listeners' ability to track these sensory statistics with high fidelity. In addition, the inference model facilitates analysis of neural electroencephalography (EEG) responses, anchoring the analysis relative to the statistics of each stochastic stimulus. This reveals both a deviance response and a change-related disruption in phase of the stimulus-locked response that follow the higher-order statistics. These results shed light on the brain's ability to process stochastic sound sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Skerritt-Davis
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mounya Elhilali
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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23
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Yu YH, Shafer VL, Sussman ES. The Duration of Auditory Sensory Memory for Vowel Processing: Neurophysiological and Behavioral Measures. Front Psychol 2018; 9:335. [PMID: 29623054 PMCID: PMC5874311 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Speech perception behavioral research suggests that rates of sensory memory decay are dependent on stimulus properties at more than one level (e.g., acoustic level, phonemic level). The neurophysiology of sensory memory decay rate has rarely been examined in the context of speech processing. In a lexical tone study, we showed that long-term memory representation of lexical tone slows the decay rate of sensory memory for these tones. Here, we tested the hypothesis that long-term memory representation of vowels slows the rate of auditory sensory memory decay in a similar way to that of lexical tone. Event-related potential (ERP) responses were recorded to Mandarin non-words contrasting the vowels /i/ vs. /u/ and /y/ vs. /u/ from first-language (L1) Mandarin and L1 American English participants under short and long interstimulus interval (ISI) conditions (short ISI: an average of 575 ms, long ISI: an average of 2675 ms). Results revealed poorer discrimination of the vowel contrasts for English listeners than Mandarin listeners, but with different patterns for behavioral perception and neural discrimination. As predicted, English listeners showed the poorest discrimination and identification for the vowel contrast /y/ vs. /u/, and poorer performance in the long ISI condition. In contrast to Yu et al. (2017), however, we found no effect of ISI reflected in the neural responses, specifically the mismatch negativity (MMN), P3a and late negativity ERP amplitudes. We did see a language group effect, with Mandarin listeners generally showing larger MMN and English listeners showing larger P3a. The behavioral results revealed that native language experience plays a role in echoic sensory memory trace maintenance, but the failure to find an effect of ISI on the ERP results suggests that vowel and lexical tone memory traces decay at different rates. Highlights: We examined the interaction between auditory sensory memory decay and language experience. We compared MMN, P3a, LN and behavioral responses in short vs. long interstimulus intervals. We found that different from lexical tone contrast, MMN, P3a, and LN changes to vowel contrasts are not influenced by lengthening the ISI to 2.6 s. We also found that the English listeners discriminated the non-native vowel contrast with lower accuracy under the long ISI condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan H Yu
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Valerie L Shafer
- Ph.D. Program in Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elyse S Sussman
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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24
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Liu L, Ong JH, Tuninetti A, Escudero P. One Way or Another: Evidence for Perceptual Asymmetry in Pre-attentive Learning of Non-native Contrasts. Front Psychol 2018; 9:162. [PMID: 29615941 PMCID: PMC5869940 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research investigating listeners' neural sensitivity to speech sounds has largely focused on segmental features. We examined Australian English listeners' perception and learning of a supra-segmental feature, pitch direction in a non-native tonal contrast, using a passive oddball paradigm and electroencephalography. The stimuli were two contours generated from naturally produced high-level and high-falling tones in Mandarin Chinese, differing only in pitch direction (Liu and Kager, 2014). While both contours had similar pitch onsets, the pitch offset of the falling contour was lower than that of the level one. The contrast was presented in two orientations (standard and deviant reversed) and tested in two blocks with the order of block presentation counterbalanced. Mismatch negativity (MMN) responses showed that listeners discriminated the non-native tonal contrast only in the second block, reflecting indications of learning through exposure during the first block. In addition, listeners showed a later MMN peak for their second block of test relative to listeners who did the same block first, suggesting linguistic (as opposed to acoustic) processing or a misapplication of perceptual strategies from the first to the second block. The results also showed a perceptual asymmetry for change in pitch direction: listeners who encountered a falling tone deviant in the first block had larger frontal MMN amplitudes than listeners who encountered a level tone deviant in the first block. The implications of our findings for second language speech and the developmental trajectory for tone perception are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liquan Liu
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language, Australian Research Council, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jia Hoong Ong
- Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language, Australian Research Council, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Linguistics and Multilingual Studies, School of Humanities, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alba Tuninetti
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language, Australian Research Council, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Paola Escudero
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language, Australian Research Council, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Mahajan Y, Peter V, Sharma M. Effect of EEG Referencing Methods on Auditory Mismatch Negativity. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:560. [PMID: 29066945 PMCID: PMC5641332 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) have consistently been used in the investigation of auditory and cognitive processing in the research and clinical laboratories. There is currently no consensus on the choice of appropriate reference for auditory ERPs. The most commonly used references in auditory ERP research are the mathematically linked-mastoids (LM) and average referencing (AVG). Since LM and AVG referencing procedures do not solve the issue of electrically-neutral reference, Reference Electrode Standardization Technique (REST) was developed to create a neutral reference for EEG recordings. The aim of the current research is to compare the influence of the reference on amplitude and latency of auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) as a function of magnitude of frequency deviance across three commonly used electrode montages (16, 32, and 64-channel) using REST, LM, and AVG reference procedures. The current study was designed to determine if the three reference methods capture the variation in amplitude and latency of MMN with the deviance magnitude. We recorded MMN from 12 normal hearing young adults in an auditory oddball paradigm with 1,000 Hz pure tone as standard and 1,030, 1,100, and 1,200 Hz as small, medium and large frequency deviants, respectively. The EEG data recorded to these sounds was re-referenced using REST, LM, and AVG methods across 16-, 32-, and 64-channel EEG electrode montages. Results revealed that while the latency of MMN decreased with increment in frequency of deviant sounds, no effect of frequency deviance was present for amplitude of MMN. There was no effect of referencing procedure on the experimental effect tested. The amplitude of MMN was largest when the ERP was computed using LM referencing and the REST referencing produced the largest amplitude of MMN for 64-channel montage. There was no effect of electrode-montage on AVG referencing induced ERPs. Contrary to our predictions, the results suggest that the auditory MMN elicited as a function of increments in frequency deviance does not depend on the choice of referencing procedure. The results also suggest that auditory ERPs generated using REST referencing is contingent on the electrode arrays more than the AVG referencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatin Mahajan
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,The HEARing CRC, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Varghese Peter
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Mridula Sharma
- The HEARing CRC, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Linguistics, Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Yu YH, Shafer VL, Sussman ES. Neurophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Mandarin Lexical Tone Processing. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:95. [PMID: 28321179 PMCID: PMC5338334 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Language experience enhances discrimination of speech contrasts at a behavioral- perceptual level, as well as at a pre-attentive level, as indexed by event-related potential (ERP) mismatch negativity (MMN) responses. The enhanced sensitivity could be the result of changes in acoustic resolution and/or long-term memory representations of the relevant information in the auditory cortex. To examine these possibilities, we used a short (ca. 600 ms) vs. long (ca. 2,600 ms) interstimulus interval (ISI) in a passive, oddball discrimination task while obtaining ERPs. These ISI differences were used to test whether cross-linguistic differences in processing Mandarin lexical tone are a function of differences in acoustic resolution and/or differences in long-term memory representations. Bisyllabic nonword tokens that differed in lexical tone categories were presented using a passive listening multiple oddball paradigm. Behavioral discrimination and identification data were also collected. The ERP results revealed robust MMNs to both easy and difficult lexical tone differences for both groups at short ISIs. At long ISIs, there was either no change or an enhanced MMN amplitude for the Mandarin group, but reduced MMN amplitude for the English group. In addition, the Mandarin listeners showed a larger late negativity (LN) discriminative response than the English listeners for lexical tone contrasts in the long ISI condition. Mandarin speakers outperformed English speakers in the behavioral tasks, especially under the long ISI conditions with the more similar lexical tone pair. These results suggest that the acoustic correlates of lexical tone are fairly robust and easily discriminated at short ISIs, when the auditory sensory memory trace is strong. At longer ISIs beyond 2.5 s language-specific experience is necessary for robust discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan H. Yu
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, St. John's UniversityQueens, NY, USA
| | - Valerie L. Shafer
- Ph.D. Program of Speech-Language-Hearing Science, The Graduate Center, City University of New YorkNew York, NY, USA
| | - Elyse S. Sussman
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
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27
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Silva DMR, Melges DB, Rothe-Neves R. N1 response attenuation and the mismatch negativity (MMN) to within- and across-category phonetic contrasts. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:591-600. [PMID: 28169421 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
According to the neural adaptation model of the mismatch negativity (MMN), the sensitivity of this event-related response to both acoustic and categorical information in speech sounds can be accounted for by assuming that (a) the degree of overlapping between neural representations of two sounds depends on both the acoustic difference between them and whether or not they belong to distinct phonetic categories, and (b) a release from stimulus-specific adaptation causes an enhanced N1 obligatory response to infrequent deviant stimuli. On the basis of this view, we tested in Experiment 1 whether the N1 response to the second sound of a pair (S2 ) would be more attenuated in pairs of identical vowels compared with pairs of different vowels, and in pairs of exemplars of the same vowel category compared with pairs of exemplars of different categories. The psychoacoustic distance between S1 and S2 was the same for all within-category and across-category pairs. While N1 amplitudes decreased markedly from S1 to S2 , responses to S2 were quite similar across pair types, indicating that the attenuation effect in such conditions is not stimulus specific. In Experiment 2, a pronounced MMN was elicited by a deviant vowel sound in an across-category oddball sequence, but not when the exact same deviant vowel was presented in a within-category oddball sequence. This adds evidence that MMN reflects categorical phonetic processing. Taken together, the results suggest that different neural processes underlie the attenuation of the N1 response to S2 and the MMN to vowels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M R Silva
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Danilo B Melges
- Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rui Rothe-Neves
- Phonetics Lab, Faculty of Letters, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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28
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Wang L, Lin X, Zhou B, Pöppel E, Bao Y. Rubberband Effect in Temporal Control of Mismatch Negativity. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1299. [PMID: 27642285 PMCID: PMC5015478 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a difference event-related potential (ERP) wave reflecting the brain’s automatic reaction to deviant sensory stimuli, and it has been proven to be a useful tool in research on cognitive functions or clinical disorders. In most MMN studies, amplitude, peak latency, or the integral of the responses, in rare cases also the slopes of the responses, have been employed as parameters of the ERP responses for quantitative analyses. However, little is known about correlations between these parameters. To better understand the relations between different ERP parameters, we extracted and correlated several different parameters characterizing the MMN waves. We found an unexpected correlation which gives new insight into the temporal control of MMN: response amplitudes are positively correlated with downside slopes, whereas barely correlated with upside slopes. This result suggests an efficient feedback mechanism for the MMN to return to the baseline within a predefined time window, contradicting an exponential decay function as one might expect. As a metaphor we suggest a rubberband effect for the MMN responses, i.e., the larger the distance of the response from neural equilibrium, the stronger the return force to equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking UniversityBeijing, China; Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, USA
| | - Xiaoxiong Lin
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Ernst Pöppel
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking UniversityBeijing, China; Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; Institute of Medical Psychology and Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversityMunich, Germany
| | - Yan Bao
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking UniversityBeijing, China; Institute of Medical Psychology and Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversityMunich, Germany
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Peter V, Kalashnikova M, Burnham D. Neural processing of amplitude and formant rise time in dyslexia. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 19:152-63. [PMID: 27017263 PMCID: PMC6988592 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate how children with dyslexia weight amplitude rise time (ART) and formant rise time (FRT) cues in phonetic discrimination. Passive mismatch responses (MMR) were recorded for a/ba/-/wa/contrast in a multiple deviant odd-ball paradigm to identify the neural response to cue weighting in 17 children with dyslexia and 17 age-matched control children. The deviant stimuli had either partial or full ART or FRT cues. The results showed that ART did not generate an MMR in either group, whereas both partial and full FRT cues generated MMR in control children while only full FRT cues generated MMR in children with dyslexia. These findings suggest that children, both controls and those with dyslexia, discriminate speech based on FRT cues and not ART cues. However, control children have greater sensitivity to FRT cues in speech compared to children with dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varghese Peter
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Marina Kalashnikova
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Denis Burnham
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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Nowak K, Oron A, Szymaszek A, Leminen M, Näätänen R, Szelag E. Electrophysiological Indicators of the Age-Related Deterioration in the Sensitivity to Auditory Duration Deviance. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:2. [PMID: 26834628 PMCID: PMC4722124 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates age-related changes in duration discrimination in millisecond time domain. We tested young (N = 20, mean age = 24.5, SD = 2.97) and elderly (N = 20, mean age = 65.2, SD = 2.94) subjects using the mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm. White-noise bursts of two different durations (50 and 10 ms) were presented in two oddball blocks. In one block (Increment Condition), the repetitive sequence of 10 ms standards was interspersed by occasional 50 ms deviants. In the Decrement Condition, the roles of the two stimuli were reversed. We analyzed the P1-N1 complex, MMN and P3a and found the effect of age for all these components. Moreover, the impact of stimulus presentation condition (increment/decrement) was observed for MMN and P3a. Our results confirmed the previous evidence for deteriorated duration discrimination in elderly people. Additionally, we found that this effect may be influenced by procedural factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Nowak
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyWarsaw, Poland; University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWarsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Oron
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Szymaszek
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyWarsaw, Poland; University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWarsaw, Poland
| | - Miika Leminen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Aarhus University/Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark; Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Cognitive Science, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Näätänen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Aarhus University/Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark; Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Cognitive Science, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of TartuTartu, Estonia
| | - Elzbieta Szelag
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyWarsaw, Poland; University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWarsaw, Poland
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Auksztulewicz R, Friston K. Repetition suppression and its contextual determinants in predictive coding. Cortex 2016; 80:125-40. [PMID: 26861557 PMCID: PMC5405056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a review of theoretical and empirical work on repetition suppression in the context of predictive coding. Predictive coding is a neurobiologically plausible scheme explaining how biological systems might perform perceptual inference and learning. From this perspective, repetition suppression is a manifestation of minimising prediction error through adaptive changes in predictions about the content and precision of sensory inputs. Simulations of artificial neural hierarchies provide a principled way of understanding how repetition suppression – at different time scales – can be explained in terms of inference and learning implemented under predictive coding. This formulation of repetition suppression is supported by results of numerous empirical studies of repetition suppression and its contextual determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Auksztulewicz
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Karl Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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32
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Herrmann B, Henry MJ, Fromboluti EK, McAuley JD, Obleser J. Statistical context shapes stimulus-specific adaptation in human auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:2582-91. [PMID: 25652920 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00634.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulus-specific adaptation is the phenomenon whereby neural response magnitude decreases with repeated stimulation. Inconsistencies between recent nonhuman animal recordings and computational modeling suggest dynamic influences on stimulus-specific adaptation. The present human electroencephalography (EEG) study investigates the potential role of statistical context in dynamically modulating stimulus-specific adaptation by examining the auditory cortex-generated N1 and P2 components. As in previous studies of stimulus-specific adaptation, listeners were presented with oddball sequences in which the presentation of a repeated tone was infrequently interrupted by rare spectral changes taking on three different magnitudes. Critically, the statistical context varied with respect to the probability of small versus large spectral changes within oddball sequences (half of the time a small change was most probable; in the other half a large change was most probable). We observed larger N1 and P2 amplitudes (i.e., release from adaptation) for all spectral changes in the small-change compared with the large-change statistical context. The increase in response magnitude also held for responses to tones presented with high probability, indicating that statistical adaptation can overrule stimulus probability per se in its influence on neural responses. Computational modeling showed that the degree of coadaptation in auditory cortex changed depending on the statistical context, which in turn affected stimulus-specific adaptation. Thus the present data demonstrate that stimulus-specific adaptation in human auditory cortex critically depends on statistical context. Finally, the present results challenge the implicit assumption of stationarity of neural response magnitudes that governs the practice of isolating established deviant-detection responses such as the mismatch negativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Herrmann
- Max Planck Research Group "Auditory Cognition," Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - Molly J Henry
- Max Planck Research Group "Auditory Cognition," Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | | | - J Devin McAuley
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jonas Obleser
- Max Planck Research Group "Auditory Cognition," Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; and
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Näätänen R, Sussman ES, Salisbury D, Shafer VL. Mismatch negativity (MMN) as an index of cognitive dysfunction. Brain Topogr 2014; 27:451-66. [PMID: 24838819 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-014-0374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognition is often affected in a variety of neuropsychiatric, neurological, and neurodevelopmental disorders. The neural discriminative response, reflected in mismatch negativity (MMN) and its magnetoencephalographic equivalent (MMNm), has been used as a tool to study a variety of disorders involving auditory cognition. MMN/MMNm is an involuntary brain response to auditory change or, more generally, to pattern regularity violation. For a number of disorders, MMN/MMNm amplitude to sound deviance has been shown to be attenuated or the peak-latency of the component prolonged compared to controls. This general finding suggests that while not serving as a specific marker to any particular disorder, MMN may be useful for understanding factors of cognition in various disorders, and has potential to serve as an indicator of risk. This review presents a brief history of the MMN, followed by a description of how MMN has been used to index auditory processing capability in a range of neuropsychiatric, neurological, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, we suggest future directions for research to further enhance our understanding of the neural substrate of deviance detection that could lead to improvements in the use of MMN as a clinical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risto Näätänen
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Timm L, Vuust P, Brattico E, Agrawal D, Debener S, Büchner A, Dengler R, Wittfoth M. Residual neural processing of musical sound features in adult cochlear implant users. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:181. [PMID: 24772074 PMCID: PMC3982066 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory processing in general and music perception in particular are hampered in adult cochlear implant (CI) users. To examine the residual music perception skills and their underlying neural correlates in CI users implanted in adolescence or adulthood, we conducted an electrophysiological and behavioral study comparing adult CI users with normal-hearing age-matched controls (NH controls). We used a newly developed musical multi-feature paradigm, which makes it possible to test automatic auditory discrimination of six different types of sound feature changes inserted within a musical enriched setting lasting only 20 min. The presentation of stimuli did not require the participants’ attention, allowing the study of the early automatic stage of feature processing in the auditory cortex. For the CI users, we obtained mismatch negativity (MMN) brain responses to five feature changes but not to changes of rhythm, whereas we obtained MMNs for all the feature changes in the NH controls. Furthermore, the MMNs to deviants of pitch of CI users were reduced in amplitude and later than those of NH controls for changes of pitch and guitar timber. No other group differences in MMN parameters were found to changes in intensity and saxophone timber. Furthermore, the MMNs in CI users reflected the behavioral scores from a respective discrimination task and were correlated with patients’ age and speech intelligibility. Our results suggest that even though CI users are not performing at the same level as NH controls in neural discrimination of pitch-based features, they do possess potential neural abilities for music processing. However, CI users showed a disrupted ability to automatically discriminate rhythmic changes compared with controls. The current behavioral and MMN findings highlight the residual neural skills for music processing even in CI users who have been implanted in adolescence or adulthood. Highlights:
Automatic brain responses to musical feature changes reflect the limitations of central auditory processing in adult Cochlear Implant users. The brains of adult CI users automatically process sound features changes even when inserted in a musical context. CI users show disrupted automatic discriminatory abilities for rhythm in the brain. Our fast paradigm demonstrate residual musical abilities in the brains of adult CI users giving hope for their future rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Timm
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark ; Royal Academy of Music , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Elvira Brattico
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Science, Aalto University School of Science , Aalto , Finland ; Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Deepashri Agrawal
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Stefan Debener
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg , Oldenburg , Germany ; Cluster of Excellence Hearing4All , Oldenburg/Hannover , Germany
| | - Andreas Büchner
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4All , Oldenburg/Hannover , Germany ; Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Reinhard Dengler
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany ; Cluster of Excellence Hearing4All , Oldenburg/Hannover , Germany
| | - Matthias Wittfoth
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
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Attention effects on auditory scene analysis: insights from event-related brain potentials. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2014; 78:361-78. [PMID: 24553776 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-014-0547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sounds emitted by different sources arrive at our ears as a mixture that must be disentangled before meaningful information can be retrieved. It is still a matter of debate whether this decomposition happens automatically or requires the listener's attention. These opposite positions partly stem from different methodological approaches to the problem. We propose an integrative approach that combines the logic of previous measurements targeting either auditory stream segregation (interpreting a mixture as coming from two separate sources) or integration (interpreting a mixture as originating from only one source). By means of combined behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measures, our paradigm has the potential to measure stream segregation and integration at the same time, providing the opportunity to obtain positive evidence of either one. This reduces the reliance on zero findings (i.e., the occurrence of stream integration in a given condition can be demonstrated directly, rather than indirectly based on the absence of empirical evidence for stream segregation, and vice versa). With this two-way approach, we systematically manipulate attention devoted to the auditory stimuli (by varying their task relevance) and to their underlying structure (by delivering perceptual tasks that require segregated or integrated percepts). ERP results based on the mismatch negativity (MMN) show no evidence for a modulation of stream integration by attention, while stream segregation results were less clear due to overlapping attention-related components in the MMN latency range. We suggest future studies combining the proposed two-way approach with some improvements in the ERP measurement of sequential stream segregation.
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Lieder F, Stephan KE, Daunizeau J, Garrido MI, Friston KJ. A neurocomputational model of the mismatch negativity. PLoS Comput Biol 2013; 9:e1003288. [PMID: 24244118 PMCID: PMC3820518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event related potential evoked by violations of regularity. Here, we present a model of the underlying neuronal dynamics based upon the idea that auditory cortex continuously updates a generative model to predict its sensory inputs. The MMN is then modelled as the superposition of the electric fields evoked by neuronal activity reporting prediction errors. The process by which auditory cortex generates predictions and resolves prediction errors was simulated using generalised (Bayesian) filtering--a biologically plausible scheme for probabilistic inference on the hidden states of hierarchical dynamical models. The resulting scheme generates realistic MMN waveforms, explains the qualitative effects of deviant probability and magnitude on the MMN - in terms of latency and amplitude--and makes quantitative predictions about the interactions between deviant probability and magnitude. This work advances a formal understanding of the MMN and--more generally--illustrates the potential for developing computationally informed dynamic causal models of empirical electromagnetic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Lieder
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Social and Neuronal Systems Research, Dept. of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Klaas E. Stephan
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Social and Neuronal Systems Research, Dept. of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Daunizeau
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Social and Neuronal Systems Research, Dept. of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Marta I. Garrido
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Karl J. Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Ruhnau P, Herrmann B, Maess B, Brauer J, Friederici AD, Schröger E. Processing of complex distracting sounds in school-aged children and adults: evidence from EEG and MEG data. Front Psychol 2013; 4:717. [PMID: 24155730 PMCID: PMC3800842 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
When a perceiver performs a task, rarely occurring sounds often have a distracting effect on task performance. The neural mismatch responses in event-related potentials to such distracting stimuli depend on age. Adults commonly show a negative response, whereas in children a positive as well as a negative mismatch response has been reported. Using electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG), here we investigated the developmental changes of distraction processing in school-aged children (9–10 years) and adults. Participants took part in an auditory-visual distraction paradigm comprising a visuo-spatial primary task and task-irrelevant environmental sounds distracting from this task. Behaviorally, distractors delayed reaction times (RTs) in the primary task in both age groups, and this delay was of similar magnitude in both groups. The neurophysiological data revealed an early as well as a late mismatch response elicited by distracting stimuli in both age groups. Together with previous research, this indicates that deviance detection is accomplished in a hierarchical manner in the auditory system. Both mismatch responses were localized to auditory cortex areas. All mismatch responses were generally delayed in children, suggesting that not all neurophysiological aspects of deviance processing are mature in school-aged children. Furthermore, the P3a, reflecting involuntary attention capture, was present in both age groups in the EEG with comparable amplitudes and at similar latencies, but with a different topographical distribution. This suggests that involuntary attention shifts toward complex distractors operate comparably in school-aged children and adults, yet undergoing generator maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ruhnau
- Center for Mind/Brain Science, University of Trento Mattarello, Italy ; Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
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Chen S, Sussman ES. Context effects on auditory distraction. Biol Psychol 2013; 94:297-309. [PMID: 23886958 PMCID: PMC3953149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that sound context modulates the magnitude of auditory distraction, indexed by behavioral and electrophysiological measures. Participants were asked to identify tone duration, while irrelevant changes occurred in tone frequency, tone intensity, and harmonic structure. Frequency deviants were randomly intermixed with standards (Uni-Condition), with intensity deviants (Bi-Condition), and with both intensity and complex deviants (Tri-Condition). Only in the Tri-Condition did the auditory distraction effect reflect the magnitude difference among the frequency and intensity deviants. The mixture of the different types of deviants in the Tri-Condition modulated the perceived level of distraction, demonstrating that the sound context can modulate the effect of deviance level on processing irrelevant acoustic changes in the environment. These findings thus indicate that perceptual contrast plays a role in change detection processes that leads to auditory distraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufen Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Center of Cognitive and Neural Systems, Boston University, USA.
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Takács E, Sulykos I, Czigler I, Barkaszi I, Balázs L. Oblique effect in visual mismatch negativity. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:591. [PMID: 24068991 PMCID: PMC3779865 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether visual orientation anisotropies (known as oblique effect) exist in non-attended visual changes using event-related potentials (ERP). We recorded visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) which signals violation of sequential regularities. In the visual periphery unattended, task-irrelevant Gábor patches were displayed in an oddball sequence while subjects performed a tracking task in the central field. A moderate change (50°) in the orientation of stimuli revealed no consistent change-related components. However, we found orientation-related differences around 170 ms in occipito-temporal areas in the amplitude of the ERPs evoked by standard stimuli. In a supplementary experiment we determined the amount of orientation difference that is needed for change detection in an active, attended paradigm. Results exhibited the classical oblique effect; subjects detected 10° deviations from cardinal directions, while threshold from oblique directions was 17°. These results provide evidence that perception of change could be accomplished at significantly smaller thresholds, than what elicits vMMN. In Experiment 2 we increased the orientation change to 90°. Deviant-minus-standard difference was negative in occipito-parietal areas, between 120 and 200 ms after stimulus onset. VMMNs to changes from cardinal angles were larger and more sustained than vMMNs evoked by changes from oblique angles. Changes from cardinal orientations represent a more detectable signal for the automatic change detection system than changes from oblique angles, thus increased vMMN to these “larger” deviances might be considered a variant of the magnitude of deviance effect rarely observed in vMMN studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Takács
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary ; Faculty of Education and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University Budapest, Hungary
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The characteristic and changes of the event-related potentials (ERP) and brain topographic maps before and after treatment with rTMS in subjective tinnitus patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70831. [PMID: 23951019 PMCID: PMC3741372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the event-related potentials (ERPs) and brain topographic maps characteristic and change in normal controls and subjective tinnitus patients before and after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS The ERPs and brain topographic maps elicited by target stimulus were compared before and after 1-week treatment with rTMS in 20 subjective tinnitus patients and 16 healthy controls. RESULTS Before rTMS, target stimulus elicited a larger N1 component than the standard stimuli (repeating sounds)in control group but not in tinnitus patients. Instead, the tinnitus group pre-treatment exhibited larger amplitude of N1 in response to standard stimuli than to deviant stimuli. Furthermore tinnitus patients had smaller mismatch negativity (MMN) and late discriminative negativity (LDN)component at Fz compared with the control group. After rTMS treatment, tinnitus patients showed increased N1 response to deviant stimuli and larger MMN and LDN compared with pre-treatment. The topographic maps for the tinnitus group before rTMS -treatment demonstrated global asymmetry between the left and right cerebral hemispheres with more negative activities in left side and more positive activities in right side. In contrast, the brain topographic maps for patients after rTMS-treatment and controls seem roughly symmetrical. The ERP amplitudes and brain topographic maps in post-treatment patient group showed no significant difference with those in controls. CONCLUSIONS The characterical changes in ERP and brain topographic maps in tinnitus patients maybe related with the electrophysiological mechanism of tinnitus induction and development. It can be used as an objective biomarker for the evaluation of auditory central in subjective tinnitus patients. These findings support the notion that rTMS treatment in tinnitus patients may exert a beneficial effect.
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Multisensory representation of frequency across audition and touch: high density electrical mapping reveals early sensory-perceptual coupling. J Neurosci 2013; 32:15338-44. [PMID: 23115172 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1796-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequency of environmental vibrations is sampled by two of the major sensory systems, audition and touch, notwithstanding that these signals are transduced through very different physical media and entirely separate sensory epithelia. Psychophysical studies have shown that manipulating frequency in audition or touch can have a significant cross-sensory impact on perceived frequency in the other sensory system, pointing to intimate links between these senses during computation of frequency. In this regard, the frequency of a vibratory event can be thought of as a multisensory perceptual construct. In turn, electrophysiological studies point to temporally early multisensory interactions that occur in hierarchically early sensory regions where convergent inputs from the auditory and somatosensory systems are to be found. A key question pertains to the level of processing at which the multisensory integration of featural information, such as frequency, occurs. Do the sensory systems calculate frequency independently before this information is combined, or is this feature calculated in an integrated fashion during preattentive sensory processing? The well characterized mismatch negativity, an electrophysiological response that indexes preattentive detection of a change within the context of a regular pattern of stimulation, served as our dependent measure. High-density electrophysiological recordings were made in humans while they were presented with separate blocks of somatosensory, auditory, and audio-somatosensory "standards" and "deviants," where the deviant differed in frequency. Multisensory effects were identified beginning at ∼200 ms, with the multisensory mismatch negativity (MMN) significantly different from the sum of the unisensory MMNs. This provides compelling evidence for preattentive coupling between the somatosensory and auditory channels in the cortical representation of frequency.
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Spatial localization of auditory stimuli in human auditory cortex is based on both head-independent and head-centered coordinate systems. J Neurosci 2012; 32:13501-9. [PMID: 23015439 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1315-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, whose ears are fixed on the head, auditory stimuli are initially registered in space relative to the head. Eventually, locations of sound sources need to be encoded also relative to the body, or in absolute allocentric space, to allow orientation toward the sounds sources and consequent action. We can therefore distinguish between two spatial representation systems: a basic head-centered coordinate system and a more complex head-independent system. In an ERP experiment, we attempted to reveal which of these two coordinate systems is represented in the human auditory cortex. We dissociated the two systems using the mismatch negativity (MMN), a well studied EEG effect evoked by acoustic deviations. Contrary to previous findings suggesting that only primary head-related information is present at this early stage of processing, we observed significant MMN effects for both head-independent and head-centered deviant stimuli. Our findings thus reveal that both primary head-related and secondary body- or world-related reference frames are represented at this stage of auditory processing.
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Bendixen A, Schröger E, Ritter W, Winkler I. Regularity extraction from non-adjacent sounds. Front Psychol 2012; 3:143. [PMID: 22661959 PMCID: PMC3356878 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regular behavior of sound sources helps us to make sense of the auditory environment. Regular patterns may, for instance, convey information on the identity of a sound source (such as the acoustic signature of a train moving on the rails). Yet typically, this signature overlaps in time with signals emitted from other sound sources. It is generally assumed that auditory regularity extraction cannot operate upon this mixture of signals because it only finds regularities between adjacent sounds. In this view, the auditory environment would be grouped into separate entities by means of readily available acoustic cues such as separation in frequency and location. Regularity extraction processes would then operate upon the resulting groups. Our new experimental evidence challenges this view. We presented two interleaved sound sequences which overlapped in frequency range and shared all acoustic parameters. The sequences only differed in their underlying regular patterns. We inserted deviants into one of the sequences to probe whether the regularity was extracted. In the first experiment, we found that these deviants elicited the mismatch negativity (MMN) component. Thus the auditory system was able to find the regularity between the non-adjacent sounds. Regularity extraction was not influenced by sequence cohesiveness as manipulated by the relative duration of tones and silent inter-tone-intervals. In the second experiment, we showed that a regularity connecting non-adjacent sounds was discovered only when the intervening sequence also contained a regular pattern, but not when the intervening sounds were randomly varying. This suggests that separate regular patterns are available to the auditory system as a cue for identifying signals coming from distinct sound sources. Thus auditory regularity extraction is not necessarily confined to a processing stage after initial sound grouping, but may precede grouping when other acoustic cues are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bendixen
- Institute for Psychology, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
- Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary
| | - Erich Schröger
- Institute for Psychology, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Walter Ritter
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, OrangeburgNY, USA
| | - István Winkler
- Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
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Rissling AJ, Braff DL, Swerdlow NR, Hellemann G, Rassovsky Y, Sprock J, Pela M, Light GA. Disentangling early sensory information processing deficits in schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 123:1942-9. [PMID: 22608970 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The disentangling of early sensory information processing deficits and examination of their relationships to demographic and clinical factors are important steps for the validation of potential biomarkers and/or endophenotypes of schizophrenia. The aims of the present study were to characterize commonly used sensory event-related potential deficits, to determine whether they are (1) distinct from one another and (2) independently associated with important clinical characteristics. METHODS MMN, P3a and RON event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded from schizophrenia patients (SZ; n=429) and nonpsychiatric comparison subjects (NCS; n=286). Subgroup analyses on demographic and clinical variables were performed. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients exhibited robust ERP deficits at frontocentral electrodes (MMN: d=1.10; P3a: d=0.87; RON: d=0.77), consistent with previous studies. Each ERP component uniquely accounted for variance in amplitude and schizophrenia deficits. Amplitude reductions occurred with increasing age in both NCS and SZ patients. A small subset of patients prescribed combinations of 1st and 2nd generation antipsychotics exhibited significantly reduced MMN amplitude relative to other medication-defined subgroups. CONCLUSIONS MMN, P3a, and RON are dissociable deficits with distinct relationships to age and medication status in schizophrenia patients, potentially reflecting divergent pathophysiological processes. Reduced MMN in patients taking multiple antipsychotic medications appear to be attributable to greater severity of symptoms and functional impairments, rather than a medication effect. SIGNIFICANCE Independent information processing deficits in schizophrenia patients may differentially contribute to the commonly observed deficits in neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Rissling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804, USA
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45
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Daikhin L, Ahissar M. Responses to deviants are modulated by subthreshold variability of the standard. Psychophysiology 2011; 49:31-42. [PMID: 21899557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Auditory mechanisms automatically detect both basic features of sounds and the rules governing their presentation. In the oddball paradigm, the auditory system detects the sameness (or no-variability) rule when the same reference tone is consistently repeated. We used two oddball protocols, the classical one with a fixed reference and a modified one with a jittered reference, to determine whether the auditory system can detect subthreshold violations of sameness. We found that the response to the repeated standard was not modified by the small jitter. However, the response to the frequency oddball was smaller under the jittered protocol, indicating hypersensitivity to sameness. The sensitivity to jitter was largest when the oddball deviated by 8%, was smaller for 40%, and disappeared at 100% deviation, indicating that sensitivity to sameness is context dependent; namely, it is scaled with respect to the overall range of stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Daikhin
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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46
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Inui K, Urakawa T, Yamashiro K, Otsuru N, Nishihara M, Takeshima Y, Keceli S, Kakigi R. Non-linear laws of echoic memory and auditory change detection in humans. BMC Neurosci 2010; 11:80. [PMID: 20598152 PMCID: PMC2904354 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-11-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection of any abrupt change in the environment is important to survival. Since memory of preceding sensory conditions is necessary for detecting changes, such a change-detection system relates closely to the memory system. Here we used an auditory change-related N1 subcomponent (change-N1) of event-related brain potentials to investigate cortical mechanisms underlying change detection and echoic memory. RESULTS Change-N1 was elicited by a simple paradigm with two tones, a standard followed by a deviant, while subjects watched a silent movie. The amplitude of change-N1 elicited by a fixed sound pressure deviance (70 dB vs. 75 dB) was negatively correlated with the logarithm of the interval between the standard sound and deviant sound (1, 10, 100, or 1000 ms), while positively correlated with the logarithm of the duration of the standard sound (25, 100, 500, or 1000 ms). The amplitude of change-N1 elicited by a deviance in sound pressure, sound frequency, and sound location was correlated with the logarithm of the magnitude of physical differences between the standard and deviant sounds. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that temporal representation of echoic memory is non-linear and Weber-Fechner law holds for the automatic cortical response to sound changes within a suprathreshold range. Since the present results show that the behavior of echoic memory can be understood through change-N1, change-N1 would be a useful tool to investigate memory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Inui
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Urakawa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Koya Yamashiro
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Naofumi Otsuru
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Takeshima
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Sumru Keceli
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Kakigi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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47
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Ponton CW, Bernstein LE, Auer ET. Mismatch negativity with visual-only and audiovisual speech. Brain Topogr 2009; 21:207-15. [PMID: 19404730 PMCID: PMC2708318 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-009-0094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The functional organization of cortical speech processing is thought to be hierarchical, increasing in complexity and proceeding from primary sensory areas centrifugally. The current study used the mismatch negativity (MMN) obtained with electrophysiology (EEG) to investigate the early latency period of visual speech processing under both visual-only (VO) and audiovisual (AV) conditions. Current density reconstruction (CDR) methods were used to model the cortical MMN generator locations. MMNs were obtained with VO and AV speech stimuli at early latencies (approximately 82-87 ms peak in time waveforms relative to the acoustic onset) and in regions of the right lateral temporal and parietal cortices. Latencies were consistent with bottom-up processing of the visible stimuli. We suggest that a visual pathway extracts phonetic cues from visible speech, and that previously reported effects of AV speech in classical early auditory areas, given later reported latencies, could be attributable to modulatory feedback from visual phonetic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis W Ponton
- Compumedics/Neuroscan, Inc., 6605W W.T. Harris Blvd Suite F, Charlotte, NC 28269, USA
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48
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De Sanctis P, Molholm S, Shpaner M, Ritter W, Foxe JJ. Right Hemispheric Contributions to Fine Auditory Temporal Discriminations: High-Density Electrical Mapping of the Duration Mismatch Negativity (MMN). Front Integr Neurosci 2009; 3:5. [PMID: 19430594 PMCID: PMC2679157 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.07.005.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
That language processing is primarily a function of the left hemisphere has led to the supposition that auditory temporal discrimination is particularly well-tuned in the left hemisphere, since speech discrimination is thought to rely heavily on the registration of temporal transitions. However, physiological data have not consistently supported this view. Rather, functional imaging studies often show equally strong, if not stronger, contributions from the right hemisphere during temporal processing tasks, suggesting a more complex underlying neural substrate. The mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the human auditory evoked-potential provides a sensitive metric of duration processing in human auditory cortex and lateralization of MMN can be readily assayed when sufficiently dense electrode arrays are employed. Here, the sensitivity of the left and right auditory cortex for temporal processing was measured by recording the MMN to small duration deviants presented to either the left or right ear. We found that duration deviants differing by just 15% (i.e. rare 115 ms tones presented in a stream of 100 ms tones) elicited a significant MMN for tones presented to the left ear (biasing the right hemisphere). However, deviants presented to the right ear elicited no detectable MMN for this separation. Further, participants detected significantly more duration deviants and committed fewer false alarms for tones presented to the left ear during a subsequent psychophysical testing session. In contrast to the prevalent model, these results point to equivalent if not greater right hemisphere contributions to temporal processing of small duration changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierfilippo De Sanctis
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Orangeburg, NY, USA
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49
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Garrido MI, Kilner JM, Stephan KE, Friston KJ. The mismatch negativity: a review of underlying mechanisms. Clin Neurophysiol 2009; 120:453-63. [PMID: 19181570 PMCID: PMC2671031 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 846] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mismatch negativity (MMN) is a brain response to violations of a rule, established by a sequence of sensory stimuli (typically in the auditory domain) [Näätänen R. Attention and brain function. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1992]. The MMN reflects the brain's ability to perform automatic comparisons between consecutive stimuli and provides an electrophysiological index of sensory learning and perceptual accuracy. Although the MMN has been studied extensively, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the MMN are not well understood. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the generation of the MMN; amongst these accounts, the "adaptation hypothesis" and the "model adjustment hypothesis" have received the most attention. This paper presents a review of studies that focus on neuronal mechanisms underlying the MMN generation, discusses the two major explanatory hypotheses, and proposes predictive coding as a general framework that attempts to unify both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta I Garrido
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, UK.
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50
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Laufer I, Negishi M, Constable RT. Comparator and non-comparator mechanisms of change detection in the context of speech--an ERP study. Neuroimage 2009; 44:546-62. [PMID: 18938250 PMCID: PMC2643129 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Automatic change detection reflects a cognitive memory-based comparison mechanism as well as a sensorial non-comparator mechanism based on differential states of refractoriness. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the comparator mechanism of the mismatch negativity component (MMN) is differentially affected by the lexical status of the deviant. Event-related potential (ERP) data was collected during an "oddball" paradigm designed to elicit the MMN from 15 healthy subjects that were involved in a counting task. Topography pattern analysis and source estimation were utilized to examine the deviance (deviants vs. standards), cognitive (deviants vs. control counterparts) and refractoriness (standards vs. control counterparts) effects elicited by standard-deviant pairs ("deh-day"; "day-deh"; "teh-tay") embedded within "oddball" blocks. Our results showed that when the change was salient regardless of lexical status (i.e., the /e:/ to /eI/ transition) the response tapped the comparator based-mechanism of the MMN which was located in the cuneus/posterior cingulate, reflected sensitivity to the novelty of the auditory object, appeared in the P2 latency range and mainly involved topography modulations. In contrast, when the novelty was low (i.e., the /eI/ to /e:/ transition) an acoustic change complex was elicited which involved strength modulations over the P1/N1 range and implicated the middle temporal gyrus. This result pattern also resembled the one displayed by the non-comparator mechanism. These findings suggest spatially and temporally distinct brain activities of comparator mechanisms of change detection in the context of speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Laufer
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center, New Haven, CT 06520-8043, USA.
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