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Fernandes EFA, Palner M, Raval NR, Jeppesen TE, Danková D, Bærentzen SL, Werner C, Eilts J, Maric HM, Doose S, Aripaka SS, Kaalund SS, Aznar S, Kjaer A, Schlosser A, Haugaard-Kedström LM, Knudsen GM, Herth MM, Stro Mgaard K. Development of Peptide-Based Probes for Molecular Imaging of the Postsynaptic Density in the Brain. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11975-11988. [PMID: 38981131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The postsynaptic density (PSD) comprises numerous scaffolding proteins, receptors, and signaling molecules that coordinate synaptic transmission in the brain. Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) is a master scaffold protein within the PSD and one of its most abundant proteins and therefore constitutes a very attractive biomarker of PSD function and its pathological changes. Here, we exploit a high-affinity inhibitor of PSD-95, AVLX-144, as a template for developing probes for molecular imaging of the PSD. AVLX-144-based probes were labeled with the radioisotopes fluorine-18 and tritium, as well as a fluorescent tag. Tracer binding showed saturable, displaceable, and uneven distribution in rat brain slices, proving effective in quantitative autoradiography and cell imaging studies. Notably, we observed diminished tracer binding in human post-mortem Parkinson's disease (PD) brain slices, suggesting postsynaptic impairment in PD. We thus offer a suite of translational probes for visualizing and understanding PSD-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo F A Fernandes
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Mikael Palner
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Nakul Ravi Raval
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Troels E Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Daniela Danková
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Simone L Bærentzen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Christian Werner
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University, Am Hubland, Würzburg D-97074, Germany
| | - Janna Eilts
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University, Am Hubland, Würzburg D-97074, Germany
| | - Hans M Maric
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-University, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Sören Doose
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University, Am Hubland, Würzburg D-97074, Germany
| | - Sanjay Sagar Aripaka
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Sanne Simone Kaalund
- Center for Neuroscience and Stereology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 6B, Copenhagen DK-2400, Denmark
| | - Susana Aznar
- Center for Neuroscience and Stereology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 6B, Copenhagen DK-2400, Denmark
- Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 4B, Copenhagen DK-2400, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University, Am Hubland, Würzburg D-97074, Germany
| | - Linda M Haugaard-Kedström
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Kristian Stro Mgaard
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
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2
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Scott-Hewitt N, Mahoney M, Huang Y, Korte N, Yvanka de Soysa T, Wilton DK, Knorr E, Mastro K, Chang A, Zhang A, Melville D, Schenone M, Hartigan C, Stevens B. Microglial-derived C1q integrates into neuronal ribonucleoprotein complexes and impacts protein homeostasis in the aging brain. Cell 2024:S0092-8674(24)00639-1. [PMID: 38942014 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Neuroimmune interactions mediate intercellular communication and underlie critical brain functions. Microglia, CNS-resident macrophages, modulate the brain through direct physical interactions and the secretion of molecules. One such secreted factor, the complement protein C1q, contributes to complement-mediated synapse elimination in both developmental and disease models, yet brain C1q protein levels increase significantly throughout aging. Here, we report that C1q interacts with neuronal ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes in an age-dependent manner. Purified C1q protein undergoes RNA-dependent liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vitro, and the interaction of C1q with neuronal RNP complexes in vivo is dependent on RNA and endocytosis. Mice lacking C1q have age-specific alterations in neuronal protein synthesis in vivo and impaired fear memory extinction. Together, our findings reveal a biophysical property of C1q that underlies RNA- and age-dependent neuronal interactions and demonstrate a role of C1q in critical intracellular neuronal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Scott-Hewitt
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Matthew Mahoney
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Youtong Huang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nils Korte
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - T Yvanka de Soysa
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel K Wilton
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Emily Knorr
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Mastro
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Allison Chang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Allison Zhang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Melville
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Monica Schenone
- The Broad Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Christina Hartigan
- The Broad Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Beth Stevens
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Investigator, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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3
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Kaizuka T, Suzuki T, Kishi N, Tamada K, Kilimann MW, Ueyama T, Watanabe M, Shimogori T, Okano H, Dohmae N, Takumi T. Remodeling of the postsynaptic proteome in male mice and marmosets during synapse development. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2496. [PMID: 38548776 PMCID: PMC10979008 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Postsynaptic proteins play crucial roles in synaptic function and plasticity. During brain development, alterations in synaptic number, shape, and stability occur, known as synapse maturation. However, the postsynaptic protein composition changes during development are not fully understood. Here, we show the trajectory of the postsynaptic proteome in developing male mice and common marmosets. Proteomic analysis of mice at 2, 3, 6, and 12 weeks of age shows that proteins involved in synaptogenesis are differentially expressed during this period. Analysis of published transcriptome datasets shows that the changes in postsynaptic protein composition in the mouse brain after 2 weeks of age correlate with gene expression changes. Proteomic analysis of marmosets at 0, 2, 3, 6, and 24 months of age show that the changes in the marmoset brain can be categorized into two parts: the first 2 months and after that. The changes observed in the first 2 months are similar to those in the mouse brain between 2 and 12 weeks of age. The changes observed in marmoset after 2 months old include differential expression of synaptogenesis-related molecules, which hardly overlap with that in mice. Our results provide a comprehensive proteomic resource that underlies developmental synapse maturation in rodents and primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kaizuka
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, 650-0117, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kishi
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kota Tamada
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, 650-0117, Japan
| | - Manfred W Kilimann
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Takehiko Ueyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | | | - Hideyuki Okano
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8585, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toru Takumi
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Department Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, 650-0117, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
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Niere F, Uneri A, McArdle CJ, Deng Z, Egido-Betancourt HX, Cacheaux LP, Namjoshi SV, Taylor WC, Wang X, Barth SH, Reynoldson C, Penaranda J, Stierer MP, Heaney CF, Craft S, Keene CD, Ma T, Raab-Graham KF. Aberrant DJ-1 expression underlies L-type calcium channel hypoactivity in dendrites in tuberous sclerosis complex and Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301534120. [PMID: 37903257 PMCID: PMC10636362 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301534120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
L-type voltage-gated calcium (Ca2+) channels (L-VGCC) dysfunction is implicated in several neurological and psychiatric diseases. While a popular therapeutic target, it is unknown whether molecular mechanisms leading to disrupted L-VGCC across neurodegenerative disorders are conserved. Importantly, L-VGCC integrate synaptic signals to facilitate a plethora of cellular mechanisms; however, mechanisms that regulate L-VGCC channel density and subcellular compartmentalization are understudied. Herein, we report that in disease models with overactive mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling (or mTORopathies), deficits in dendritic L-VGCC activity are associated with increased expression of the RNA-binding protein (RBP) Parkinsonism-associated deglycase (DJ-1). DJ-1 binds the mRNA coding for the alpha and auxiliary Ca2+ channel subunits CaV1.2 and α2δ2, and represses their mRNA translation, only in the disease states, specifically preclinical models of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In agreement, DJ-1-mediated repression of CaV1.2/α2δ2 protein synthesis in dendrites is exaggerated in mouse models of AD and TSC, resulting in deficits in dendritic L-VGCC calcium activity. Finding of DJ-1-regulated L-VGCC activity in dendrites in TSC and AD provides a unique signaling pathway that can be targeted in clinical mTORopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farr Niere
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC27411
| | - Ayse Uneri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Colin J. McArdle
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Hailey X. Egido-Betancourt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Luisa P. Cacheaux
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Sanjeev V. Namjoshi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - William C. Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Samuel H. Barth
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Cameron Reynoldson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Juan Penaranda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Michael P. Stierer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Chelcie F. Heaney
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
- Wake Forest Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - C. Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98104
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Kimberly F. Raab-Graham
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
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Toader C, Eva L, Covache-Busuioc RA, Costin HP, Glavan LA, Corlatescu AD, Ciurea AV. Unraveling the Multifaceted Role of the Golgi Apparatus: Insights into Neuronal Plasticity, Development, Neurogenesis, Alzheimer's Disease, and SARS-CoV-2 Interactions. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1363. [PMID: 37891732 PMCID: PMC10605100 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This article critically evaluates the multifunctional role of the Golgi apparatus within neurological paradigms. We succinctly highlight its influence on neuronal plasticity, development, and the vital trafficking and sorting mechanisms for proteins and lipids. The discourse further navigates to its regulatory prominence in neurogenesis and its implications in Alzheimer's Disease pathogenesis. The emerging nexus between the Golgi apparatus and SARS-CoV-2 underscores its potential in viral replication processes. This consolidation accentuates the Golgi apparatus's centrality in neurobiology and its intersections with both neurodegenerative and viral pathologies. In essence, understanding the Golgi's multifaceted functions harbors profound implications for future therapeutic innovations in neurological and viral afflictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Toader
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (H.P.C.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Eva
- Faculty of Medicine, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800201 Galați, Romania
- Emergency Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr. N. Oblu”, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (H.P.C.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Horia Petre Costin
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (H.P.C.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Luca-Andrei Glavan
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (H.P.C.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Antonio Daniel Corlatescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (H.P.C.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (H.P.C.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
- Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania
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Pitcher GM, Garzia L, Morrissy AS, Taylor MD, Salter MW. Synapse-specific diversity of distinct postsynaptic GluN2 subtypes defines transmission strength in spinal lamina I. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2023; 15:1197174. [PMID: 37503309 PMCID: PMC10368998 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2023.1197174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The unitary postsynaptic response to presynaptic quantal glutamate release is the fundamental basis of excitatory information transfer between neurons. The view, however, of individual glutamatergic synaptic connections in a population as homogenous, fixed-strength units of neural communication is becoming increasingly scrutinized. Here, we used minimal stimulation of individual glutamatergic afferent axons to evoke single synapse resolution postsynaptic responses from central sensory lamina I neurons in an ex vivo adult rat spinal slice preparation. We detected unitary events exhibiting a NMDA receptor component with distinct kinetic properties across synapses conferred by specific GluN2 subunit composition, indicative of GluN2 subtype-based postsynaptic heterogeneity. GluN2A, 2A and 2B, or 2B and 2D synaptic predominance functioned on distinct lamina I neuron types to narrowly, intermediately, or widely tune, respectively, the duration of evoked unitary depolarization events from resting membrane potential, which enabled individual synapses to grade differentially depolarizing steps during temporally patterned afferent input. Our results lead to a model wherein a core locus of proteomic complexity prevails at this central glutamatergic sensory synapse that involves distinct GluN2 subtype configurations. These findings have major implications for subthreshold integrative capacity and transmission strength in spinal lamina I and other CNS regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham M. Pitcher
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Livia Garzia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, and Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A. Sorana Morrissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael D. Taylor
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Medical Centre, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael W. Salter
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Yim YY, Nestler EJ. Cell-Type-Specific Neuroproteomics of Synapses. Biomolecules 2023; 13:998. [PMID: 37371578 PMCID: PMC10296650 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, our knowledge of synaptic proteomes and their relationship to normal brain function and neuropsychiatric disorders has been expanding rapidly through the use of more powerful neuroproteomic approaches. However, mass spectrometry (MS)-based neuroproteomic studies of synapses still require cell-type, spatial, and temporal proteome information. With the advancement of sample preparation and MS techniques, we have just begun to identify and understand proteomes within a given cell type, subcellular compartment, and cell-type-specific synapse. Here, we review the progress and limitations of MS-based neuroproteomics of synapses in the mammalian CNS and highlight the recent applications of these approaches in studying neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder and substance use disorders. Combining neuroproteomic findings with other omics studies can generate an in-depth, comprehensive map of synaptic proteomes and possibly identify new therapeutic targets and biomarkers for several central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Young Yim
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
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8
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Parisi MJ, Aimino MA, Mosca TJ. A conditional strategy for cell-type-specific labeling of endogenous excitatory synapses in Drosophila. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100477. [PMID: 37323572 PMCID: PMC10261928 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemical neurotransmission occurs at specialized contacts where neurotransmitter release machinery apposes neurotransmitter receptors to underlie circuit function. A series of complex events underlies pre- and postsynaptic protein recruitment to neuronal connections. To better study synaptic development in individual neurons, we need cell-type-specific strategies to visualize endogenous synaptic proteins. Although presynaptic strategies exist, postsynaptic proteins remain less studied because of a paucity of cell-type-specific reagents. To study excitatory postsynapses with cell-type specificity, we engineered dlg1[4K], a conditionally labeled marker of Drosophila excitatory postsynaptic densities. With binary expression systems, dlg1[4K] labels central and peripheral postsynapses in larvae and adults. Using dlg1[4K], we find that distinct rules govern postsynaptic organization in adult neurons, multiple binary expression systems can concurrently label pre- and postsynapse in a cell-type-specific manner, and neuronal DLG1 can sometimes localize presynaptically. These results validate our strategy for conditional postsynaptic labeling and demonstrate principles of synaptic organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Parisi
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Michael A. Aimino
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Timothy J. Mosca
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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9
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Desprez F, Ung DC, Vourc’h P, Jeanne M, Laumonnier F. Contribution of the dihydropyrimidinase-like proteins family in synaptic physiology and in neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1154446. [PMID: 37144098 PMCID: PMC10153444 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1154446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dihydropyrimidinase-like (DPYSL) proteins, also designated as the collapsin response mediators (CRMP) proteins, constitute a family of five cytosolic phosphoproteins abundantly expressed in the developing nervous system but down-regulated in the adult mouse brain. The DPYSL proteins were initially identified as effectors of semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) signaling and consequently involved in regulation of growth cone collapse in young developing neurons. To date, it has been established that DPYSL proteins mediate signals for numerous intracellular/extracellular pathways and play major roles in variety of cellular process including cell migration, neurite extension, axonal guidance, dendritic spine development and synaptic plasticity through their phosphorylation status. The roles of DPYSL proteins at early stages of brain development have been described in the past years, particularly for DPYSL2 and DPYSL5 proteins. The recent characterization of pathogenic genetic variants in DPYSL2 and in DPYSL5 human genes associated with intellectual disability and brain malformations, such as agenesis of the corpus callosum and cerebellar dysplasia, highlighted the pivotal role of these actors in the fundamental processes of brain formation and organization. In this review, we sought to establish a detailed update on the knowledge regarding the functions of DPYSL genes and proteins in brain and to highlight their involvement in synaptic processing in later stages of neurodevelopment, as well as their particular contribution in human neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dévina C. Ung
- UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Vourc’h
- UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Médéric Jeanne
- UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Laumonnier
- UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
- *Correspondence: Frédéric Laumonnier,
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10
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Hu JH, Liu Y, Hoffman DA. Identification of Kv4.2 protein complex and modifications by tandem affinity purification-mass spectrometry in primary neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1070305. [PMID: 36568885 PMCID: PMC9788671 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1070305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins usually form complexes to fulfill variable physiological functions. In neurons, communication relies on synapses where receptors, channels, and anchoring proteins form complexes to precisely control signal transduction, synaptic integration, and action potential firing. Although there are many published protocols to isolate protein complexes in cell lines, isolation in neurons has not been well established. Here we introduce a method that combines lentiviral protein expression with tandem affinity purification followed by mass-spectrometry (TAP-MS) to identify protein complexes in neurons. This protocol can also be used to identify post-translational modifications (PTMs) of synaptic proteins. We used the A-type voltage-gated K+ channel subunit Kv4.2 as the target protein. Kv4.2 is highly expressed in the hippocampus where it contributes to learning and memory through its regulation of neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity. We tagged Kv4.2 with the calmodulin-binding-peptide (CBP) and streptavidin-binding-peptide (SBP) at its C-terminus and expressed it in neurons via lentivirus. Kv4.2 was purified by two-step TAP and samples were analyzed by MS. MS identified two prominently known Kv4.2 interacting proteins [dipeptidyl peptidase like (DPPs) and Kv channel-interacting proteins (KChIPs)] in addition to novel synaptic proteins including glutamate receptors, a calcium channel, and anchoring proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation and colocalization experiments validated the association of Kv4.2 with glutamate receptors. In addition to protein complex identification, we used TAP-MS to identify Kv4.2 phosphorylation sites. Several known and unknown phosphorylation sites were identified. These findings provide a novel path to identify protein-protein interactions and PTMs in neurons and shed light on mechanisms of neuronal signaling potentially involved in the pathology of neurological diseases.
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11
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The premetazoan ancestry of the synaptic toolkit and appearance of first neurons. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:781-795. [PMID: 36205407 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurons, especially when coupled with muscles, allow animals to interact with and navigate through their environment in ways unique to life on earth. Found in all major animal lineages except sponges and placozoans, nervous systems range widely in organization and complexity, with neurons possibly representing the most diverse cell-type. This diversity has led to much debate over the evolutionary origin of neurons as well as synapses, which allow for the directed transmission of information. The broad phylogenetic distribution of neurons and presence of many of the defining components outside of animals suggests an early origin of this cell type, potentially in the time between the first animal and the last common ancestor of extant animals. Here, we highlight the occurrence and function of key aspects of neurons outside of animals as well as recent findings from non-bilaterian animals in order to make predictions about when and how the first neuron(s) arose during animal evolution and their relationship to those found in extant lineages. With advancing technologies in single cell transcriptomics and proteomics as well as expanding functional techniques in non-bilaterian animals and the close relatives of animals, it is an exciting time to begin unraveling the complex evolutionary history of this fascinating animal cell type.
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12
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Voglewede MM, Zhang H. Polarity proteins: Shaping dendritic spines and memory. Dev Biol 2022; 488:68-73. [PMID: 35580729 PMCID: PMC9953585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The morphogenesis and plasticity of dendritic spines are associated with synaptic strength, learning, and memory. Dendritic spines are highly compartmentalized structures, which makes proteins involved in cellular polarization and membrane compartmentalization likely candidates regulating their formation and maintenance. Indeed, recent studies suggest polarity proteins help form and maintain dendritic spines by compartmentalizing the spine neck and head. Here, we review emerging evidence that polarity proteins regulate dendritic spine plasticity and stability through the cytoskeleton, scaffolding molecules, and signaling molecules. We specifically analyze various polarity complexes known to contribute to different forms of cell polarization processes and examine the essential conceptual context linking these groups of polarity proteins to dendritic spine morphogenesis, plasticity, and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huaye Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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13
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Fass DM, Lewis MC, Ahmad R, Szucs MJ, Zhang Q, Fleishman M, Wang D, Kim MJ, Biag J, Carr SA, Scolnick EM, Premont RT, Haggarty SJ. Brain-specific deletion of GIT1 impairs cognition and alters phosphorylation of synaptic protein networks implicated in schizophrenia susceptibility. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3272-3285. [PMID: 35505090 PMCID: PMC9630168 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous effort, the molecular and cellular basis of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia remain poorly understood. Recent progress in elucidating the genetic architecture of schizophrenia has highlighted the association of multiple loci and rare variants that may impact susceptibility. One key example, given their potential etiopathogenic and therapeutic relevance, is a set of genes that encode proteins that regulate excitatory glutamatergic synapses in brain. A critical next step is to delineate specifically how such genetic variation impacts synaptic plasticity and to determine if and how the encoded proteins interact biochemically with one another to control cognitive function in a convergent manner. Towards this goal, here we study the roles of GPCR-kinase interacting protein 1 (GIT1), a synaptic scaffolding and signaling protein with damaging coding variants found in schizophrenia patients, as well as copy number variants found in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. We generated conditional neural-selective GIT1 knockout mice and found that these mice have deficits in fear conditioning memory recall and spatial memory, as well as reduced cortical neuron dendritic spine density. Using global quantitative phospho-proteomics, we revealed that GIT1 deletion in brain perturbs specific networks of GIT1-interacting synaptic proteins. Importantly, several schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorder risk genes are present within these networks. We propose that GIT1 regulates the phosphorylation of a network of synaptic proteins and other critical regulators of neuroplasticity, and that perturbation of these networks may contribute specifically to cognitive deficits observed in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Fass
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Michael C. Lewis
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,Sage Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rushdy Ahmad
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA,Wyss Institute at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Szucs
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Qiangge Zhang
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Morgan Fleishman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dongqing Wang
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Myung Jong Kim
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan Biag
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven A. Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Edward M. Scolnick
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Richard T. Premont
- Harrington Discovery Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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14
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Bai G, Zhang M. Inhibitory postsynaptic density from the lens of phase separation. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 1:kvac003. [PMID: 38596704 PMCID: PMC10913824 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
To faithfully transmit and decode signals released from presynaptic termini, postsynaptic compartments of neuronal synapses deploy hundreds of various proteins. In addition to distinct sets of proteins, excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic apparatuses display very different organization features and regulatory properties. Decades of extensive studies have generated a wealth of knowledge on the molecular composition, assembly architecture and activity-dependent regulatory mechanisms of excitatory postsynaptic compartments. In comparison, our understanding of the inhibitory postsynaptic apparatus trails behind. Recent studies have demonstrated that phase separation is a new paradigm underlying the formation and plasticity of both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic molecular assemblies. In this review, we discuss molecular composition, organizational and regulatory features of inhibitory postsynaptic densities through the lens of the phase separation concept and in comparison with the excitatory postsynaptic densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518036, China
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15
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Pelucchi S, Gardoni F, Di Luca M, Marcello E. Synaptic dysfunction in early phases of Alzheimer's Disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:417-438. [PMID: 35034752 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synapse is the locus of plasticity where short-term alterations in synaptic strength are converted to long-lasting memories. In addition to the presynaptic terminal and the postsynaptic compartment, a more holistic view of the synapse includes the astrocytes and the extracellular matrix to form a tetrapartite synapse. All these four elements contribute to synapse health and are crucial for synaptic plasticity events and, thereby, for learning and memory processes. Synaptic dysfunction is a common pathogenic trait of several brain disorders. In Alzheimer's Disease, the degeneration of synapses can be detected at the early stages of pathology progression before neuronal degeneration, supporting the hypothesis that synaptic failure is a major determinant of the disease. The synapse is the place where amyloid-β peptides are generated and is the target of the toxic amyloid-β oligomers. All the elements constituting the tetrapartite synapse are altered in Alzheimer's Disease and can synergistically contribute to synaptic dysfunction. Moreover, the two main hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease, i.e., amyloid-β and tau, act in concert to cause synaptic deficits. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying synaptic dysfunction is relevant for the development of the next-generation therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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16
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Li W, Meng X, Yuan H, Xiao W, Zhang X. M2-Polarization-related CNTNAP1 gene might be a novel immunotherapeutic target and biomarker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:391-407. [PMID: 35023290 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignancies, characterized by high mortality rate in urology. Unfortunately, reliable biomarkers for ccRCC diagnosis and prognosis remain lacking. Contactin Associated Protein 1 (CNTNAP1) has yet to be thoroughly investigated in cancer, especially its relationship with immune infiltration or clinical outcomes of ccRCC. Here, we explored the Cancer Genome Atlas Kidney Clear Cell Carcinoma database (TCGA-KIRC) for prognostic significance, differential expression, and probable mechanism of CNTNAP1. The aberrant CNTNAP1 expression was also validated by international Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and ccRCC clinic samples. We used Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to performed the GO & KEGG enrichment. TIMER database was further utilized to assess its correlation with immune infiltration in ccRCC. The the CellMiner database was used to analyse the relationship between CNTNAP1 expression and drug sensitivity. Results showed CNTNAP1 was upregulated in TCGA-KIRC, ICGC and clinic samples. And CNTNAP1 expression was positively related to infiltration levels of cancer-associated fibroblast, regulatory T cells, and Myeloid-derived suppressor cells, while negatively related to eosinophils. Furthermore, we observed CNTNAP1 was appreciably positively associated with alternatively activated macrophage (M2) in ccRCC. Finally, high CNTNAP1 expression was negatively correlated with Nilotinib, Crizotinib, Eribulin mesylate, and Vinorelbine. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that CNTNAP1 might act as an immunotherapeutic target and a promising novel biomarker for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangui Meng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwei Yuan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Lautz JD, Tsegay KB, Zhu Z, Gniffke EP, Welsh JP, Smith SEP. Synaptic protein interaction networks encode experience by assuming stimulus-specific and brain-region-specific states. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110076. [PMID: 34852231 PMCID: PMC8722361 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A core network of widely expressed proteins within the glutamatergic post-synapse mediates activity-dependent synaptic plasticity throughout the brain, but the specific proteomic composition of synapses differs between brain regions. Here, we address the question, how does proteomic composition affect activity-dependent protein-protein interaction networks (PINs) downstream of synaptic activity? Using quantitative multiplex co-immunoprecipitation, we compare the PIN response of in vivo or ex vivo neurons derived from different brain regions to activation by different agonists or different forms of eyeblink conditioning. We report that PINs discriminate between incoming stimuli using differential kinetics of overlapping and non-overlapping PIN parameters. Further, these "molecular logic rules" differ by brain region. We conclude that although the PIN of the glutamatergic post-synapse is expressed widely throughout the brain, its activity-dependent dynamics show remarkable stimulus-specific and brain-region-specific diversity. This diversity may help explain the challenges in developing molecule-specific drug therapies for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Lautz
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaleb B Tsegay
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhiyi Zhu
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edward P Gniffke
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John P Welsh
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen E P Smith
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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18
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Wang DO. Epitranscriptomic regulation of cognitive development and decline. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 129:3-13. [PMID: 34857470 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Functional genomics and systems biology have opened new doors to previously inaccessible genomic information and holistic approaches to study complex networks of genes and proteins in the central nervous system. The advances are revolutionizing our understanding of the genetic underpinning of cognitive development and decline by facilitating identifications of novel molecular regulators and physiological pathways underlying brain function, and by associating polymorphism and mutations to cognitive dysfunction and neurological diseases. However, our current understanding of these complex gene regulatory mechanisms has yet lacked sufficient mechanistic resolution for further translational breakthroughs. Here we review recent findings from the burgeoning field of epitranscriptomics in association of cognitive functions with a special focus on the epitranscritomic regulation in subcellular locations such as chromosome, synapse, and mitochondria. Although there are important gaps in knowledge, current evidence is suggesting that this layer of RNA regulation may be of particular interest for the spatiotemporally coordinated regulation of gene networks in developing and maintaining brain function that underlie cognitive changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ohtan Wang
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Hon-machi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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19
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Curran OE, Qiu Z, Smith C, Grant SGN. A single-synapse resolution survey of PSD95-positive synapses in twenty human brain regions. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:6864-6881. [PMID: 32492218 PMCID: PMC7615673 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mapping the molecular composition of individual excitatory synapses across the mouse brain reveals high synapse diversity with each brain region showing a distinct composition of synapse types. As a first step towards systematic mapping of synapse diversity across the human brain, we have labelled and imaged synapses expressing the excitatory synapse protein PSD95 in twenty human brain regions, including 13 neocortical, two subcortical, one hippocampal, one cerebellar and three brainstem regions, in four phenotypically normal individuals. We quantified the number, size and intensity of individual synaptic puncta and compared their regional distributions. We found that each region showed a distinct signature of synaptic puncta parameters. Comparison of brain regions showed that cortical and hippocampal structures are similar, and distinct from those of cerebellum and brainstem. Comparison of synapse parameters from human and mouse brain revealed conservation of parameters, hierarchical organization of brain regions and network architecture. This work illustrates the feasibility of generating a systematic single-synapse resolution atlas of the human brain, a potentially significant resource in studies of brain health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia E Curran
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Academic Neuropathology, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Seth G N Grant
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain (SIDB), Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, UK
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20
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Parcerisas A, Ortega-Gascó A, Pujadas L, Soriano E. The Hidden Side of NCAM Family: NCAM2, a Key Cytoskeleton Organization Molecule Regulating Multiple Neural Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10021. [PMID: 34576185 PMCID: PMC8471948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has been over 20 years since Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 2 (NCAM2) was identified as the second member of the NCAM family with a high expression in the nervous system, the knowledge of NCAM2 is still eclipsed by NCAM1. The first studies with NCAM2 focused on the olfactory bulb, where this protein has a key role in axonal projection and axonal/dendritic compartmentalization. In contrast to NCAM1, NCAM2's functions and partners in the brain during development and adulthood have remained largely unknown until not long ago. Recent studies have revealed the importance of NCAM2 in nervous system development. NCAM2 governs neuronal morphogenesis and axodendritic architecture, and controls important neuron-specific processes such as neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis and memory formation. In the adult brain, NCAM2 is highly expressed in dendritic spines, and it regulates synaptic plasticity and learning processes. NCAM2's functions are related to its ability to adapt to the external inputs of the cell and to modify the cytoskeleton accordingly. Different studies show that NCAM2 interacts with proteins involved in cytoskeleton stability and proteins that regulate calcium influx, which could also modify the cytoskeleton. In this review, we examine the evidence that points to NCAM2 as a crucial cytoskeleton regulation protein during brain development and adulthood. This key function of NCAM2 may offer promising new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurodevelopmental diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Parcerisas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alba Ortega-Gascó
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Pujadas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Yoon S, Myczek K, Penzes P. cAMP Signaling-Mediated Phosphorylation of Diacylglycerol Lipase α Regulates Interaction With Ankyrin-G and Dendritic Spine Morphology. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:263-274. [PMID: 34099188 PMCID: PMC8384113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diacylglycerol lipase α (DAGLα), a major biosynthetic enzyme for endogenous cannabinoid signaling, has emerged as a risk gene in multiple psychiatric disorders. However, its role in the regulation of dendritic spine plasticity is unclear. METHODS DAGLα wild-type or point mutants were overexpressed in primary cortical neurons or human embryonic kidney 293T cells. The effects of mutated variants on interaction, dendritic spine morphology, and dynamics were examined by proximity ligation assay or fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Behavioral tests and immunohistochemistry were performed with ankyrin-G conditional knockout and wild-type male mice. RESULTS DAGLα modulated dendritic spine size and density, but the effects of changes in its protein level versus enzymatic activity were different, implicating either a 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)-dependent or -independent mechanism. The 2-AG-independent effects were mediated by the interaction of DAGLα with ankyrin-G, a multifunctional scaffold protein implicated in psychiatric disorders. Using superresolution microscopy, we observed that they colocalized in distinct nanodomains, which correlated with spine size. In situ proximity ligation assay combined with structured illumination microscopy revealed that DAGLα phosphorylation upon forskolin treatment enhanced the interaction with ankyrin-G in spines, leading to increased spine size and decreased DAGLα surface diffusion. Ankyrin-G conditional knockout mice showed significantly decreased DAGLα-positive neurons in the forebrain. In mice, ankyrin-G was required for forskolin-dependent reversal of depression-related behavior. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, ANK3 and DAGLA, both neuropsychiatric disorder genes, interact in a complex to regulate spine morphology. These data reveal novel synaptic signaling mechanisms and potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyoun Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kristoffer Myczek
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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22
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A large-scale nanoscopy and biochemistry analysis of postsynaptic dendritic spines. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1151-1162. [PMID: 34168338 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spines, the postsynaptic compartments of excitatory neurotransmission, have different shapes classified from 'stubby' to 'mushroom-like'. Whereas mushroom spines are essential for adult brain function, stubby spines disappear during brain maturation. It is still unclear whether and how they differ in protein composition. To address this, we combined electron microscopy and quantitative biochemistry with super-resolution microscopy to annotate more than 47,000 spines for more than 100 synaptic targets. Surprisingly, mushroom and stubby spines have similar average protein copy numbers and topologies. However, an analysis of the correlation of each protein to the postsynaptic density mass, used as a marker of synaptic strength, showed substantially more significant results for the mushroom spines. Secretion and trafficking proteins correlated particularly poorly to the strength of stubby spines. This suggests that stubby spines are less likely to adequately respond to dynamic changes in synaptic transmission than mushroom spines, which possibly explains their loss during brain maturation.
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23
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A unified resource and configurable model of the synapse proteome and its role in disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9967. [PMID: 33976238 PMCID: PMC8113277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes encoding synaptic proteins are highly associated with neuronal disorders many of which show clinical co-morbidity. We integrated 58 published synaptic proteomic datasets that describe over 8000 proteins and combined them with direct protein-protein interactions and functional metadata to build a network resource that reveals the shared and unique protein components that underpin multiple disorders. All the data are provided in a flexible and accessible format to encourage custom use.
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24
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Jeanne M, Demory H, Moutal A, Vuillaume ML, Blesson S, Thépault RA, Marouillat S, Halewa J, Maas SM, Motazacker MM, Mancini GMS, van Slegtenhorst MA, Andreou A, Cox H, Vogt J, Laufman J, Kostandyan N, Babikyan D, Hancarova M, Bendova S, Sedlacek Z, Aldinger KA, Sherr EH, Argilli E, England EM, Audebert-Bellanger S, Bonneau D, Colin E, Denommé-Pichon AS, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Isidor B, Küry S, Odent S, Redon R, Khanna R, Dobyns WB, Bézieau S, Honnorat J, Lohkamp B, Toutain A, Laumonnier F. Missense variants in DPYSL5 cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with corpus callosum agenesis and cerebellar abnormalities. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:951-961. [PMID: 33894126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP) family proteins are intracellular mediators of neurotrophic factors regulating neurite structure/spine formation and are essential for dendrite patterning and directional axonal pathfinding during brain developmental processes. Among this family, CRMP5/DPYSL5 plays a significant role in neuronal migration, axonal guidance, dendrite outgrowth, and synapse formation by interacting with microtubules. Here, we report the identification of missense mutations in DPYSL5 in nine individuals with brain malformations, including corpus callosum agenesis and/or posterior fossa abnormalities, associated with variable degrees of intellectual disability. A recurrent de novo p.Glu41Lys variant was found in eight unrelated patients, and a p.Gly47Arg variant was identified in one individual from the first family reported with Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome. Functional analyses of the two missense mutations revealed impaired dendritic outgrowth processes in young developing hippocampal primary neuronal cultures. We further demonstrated that these mutations, both located in the same loop on the surface of DPYSL5 monomers and oligomers, reduced the interaction of DPYSL5 with neuronal cytoskeleton-associated proteins MAP2 and βIII-tubulin. Our findings collectively indicate that the p.Glu41Lys and p.Gly47Arg variants impair DPYSL5 function on dendritic outgrowth regulation by preventing the formation of the ternary complex with MAP2 and βIII-tubulin, ultimately leading to abnormal brain development. This study adds DPYSL5 to the list of genes implicated in brain malformation and in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Médéric Jeanne
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37032 Tours, France; Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Hélène Demory
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Marie-Laure Vuillaume
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37032 Tours, France; Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Sophie Blesson
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37044 Tours, France
| | | | | | - Judith Halewa
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Saskia M Maas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Mahdi Motazacker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Laboratory of Genome Diagnostics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 30125 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjon A van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 30125 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Avgi Andreou
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham BT15 2TG, UK; Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham BT15 2TG, UK
| | - Helene Cox
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham BT15 2TG, UK; Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham BT15 2TG, UK
| | - Julie Vogt
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham BT15 2TG, UK; Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham BT15 2TG, UK
| | - Jason Laufman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH 44308-1062, USA
| | - Natella Kostandyan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, and Center of Medical Genetics and Primary Health Care, Yerevan 0001, Armenia
| | - Davit Babikyan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, and Center of Medical Genetics and Primary Health Care, Yerevan 0001, Armenia
| | - Miroslava Hancarova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2(nd) Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague 15006, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Bendova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2(nd) Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague 15006, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Sedlacek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2(nd) Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague 15006, Czech Republic
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Weill Institute of Neuroscience and Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Emanuela Argilli
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Weill Institute of Neuroscience and Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eleina M England
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Séverine Audebert-Bellanger
- Service de Génétique Médicale et de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Angers University Hospital and UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, University of Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Estelle Colin
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Angers University Hospital and UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, University of Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, UMR Inserm 1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21070 Dijon, France
| | - Brigitte Gilbert-Dussardier
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 86021 Poitiers, France; Equipe d'Accueil 3808, Université de Poitiers, 86034 Poitiers, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 44093 Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'Institut du Thorax, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 44093 Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'Institut du Thorax, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement, Centre Labellisé pour les Anomalies du Développement Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35203 Rennes, France; Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, Université de Rennes, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Richard Redon
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'Institut du Thorax, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98015, USA
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 44093 Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'Institut du Thorax, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Honnorat
- French Reference Center on Autoimmune Encephalitis, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut NeuroMyoGene, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Bernhard Lohkamp
- Division of Molecular Structural Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annick Toutain
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37032 Tours, France; Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Laumonnier
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37032 Tours, France; Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37044 Tours, France.
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25
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Cuveillier C, Boulan B, Ravanello C, Denarier E, Deloulme JC, Gory-Fauré S, Delphin C, Bosc C, Arnal I, Andrieux A. Beyond Neuronal Microtubule Stabilization: MAP6 and CRMPS, Two Converging Stories. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:665693. [PMID: 34025352 PMCID: PMC8131560 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.665693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and function of the central nervous system rely on the microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeletons and their respective effectors. Although the structural role of the cytoskeleton has long been acknowledged in neuronal morphology and activity, it was recently recognized to play the role of a signaling platform. Following this recognition, research into Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs) diversified. Indeed, historically, structural MAPs—including MAP1B, MAP2, Tau, and MAP6 (also known as STOP);—were identified and described as MT-binding and -stabilizing proteins. Extensive data obtained over the last 20 years indicated that these structural MAPs could also contribute to a variety of other molecular roles. Among multi-role MAPs, MAP6 provides a striking example illustrating the diverse molecular and cellular properties of MAPs and showing how their functional versatility contributes to the central nervous system. In this review, in addition to MAP6’s effect on microtubules, we describe its impact on the actin cytoskeleton, on neuroreceptor homeostasis, and its involvement in signaling pathways governing neuron development and maturation. We also discuss its roles in synaptic plasticity, brain connectivity, and cognitive abilities, as well as the potential relationships between the integrated brain functions of MAP6 and its molecular activities. In parallel, the Collapsin Response Mediator Proteins (CRMPs) are presented as examples of how other proteins, not initially identified as MAPs, fall into the broader MAP family. These proteins bind MTs as well as exhibiting molecular and cellular properties very similar to MAP6. Finally, we briefly summarize the multiple similarities between other classical structural MAPs and MAP6 or CRMPs.In summary, this review revisits the molecular properties and the cellular and neuronal roles of the classical MAPs, broadening our definition of what constitutes a MAP.
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26
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PCprophet: a framework for protein complex prediction and differential analysis using proteomic data. Nat Methods 2021; 18:520-527. [PMID: 33859439 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of methods for analyzing protein complexes, systematic analysis of complexes under multiple conditions remains challenging. Approaches based on biochemical fractionation of intact, native complexes and correlation of protein profiles have shown promise. However, most approaches for interpreting cofractionation datasets to yield complex composition and rearrangements between samples depend considerably on protein-protein interaction inference. We introduce PCprophet, a toolkit built on size exclusion chromatography-sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectrometry (SEC-SWATH-MS) data to predict protein complexes and characterize their changes across experimental conditions. We demonstrate improved performance of PCprophet over state-of-the-art approaches and introduce a Bayesian approach to analyze altered protein-protein interactions across conditions. We provide both command-line and graphical interfaces to support the application of PCprophet to any cofractionation MS dataset, independent of separation or quantitative liquid chromatography-MS workflow, for the detection and quantitative tracking of protein complexes and their physiological dynamics.
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27
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van Gelder CAGH, Altelaar M. Neuroproteomics of the Synapse: Subcellular Quantification of Protein Networks and Signaling Dynamics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100087. [PMID: 33933679 PMCID: PMC8167277 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most fascinating features of the brain is its ability to adapt to its surroundings. Synaptic plasticity, the dynamic mechanism of functional and structural alterations in synaptic strength, is essential for brain functioning and underlies a variety of processes such as learning and memory. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying such rapid plasticity are not fully understood, a consensus exists on the important role of proteins. The study of these neuronal proteins using neuroproteomics has increased rapidly in the last decades, and advancements in MS-based proteomics have broadened our understanding of neuroplasticity exponentially. In this review, we discuss the trends in MS-based neuroproteomics for the study of synaptic protein-protein interactions and protein signaling dynamics, with a focus on sample types, different labeling and enrichment approaches, and data analysis and interpretation. We highlight studies from the last 5 years, with a focus on synapse structure, composition, functioning, or signaling and finally discuss some recent developments that could further advance the field of neuroproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A G H van Gelder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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28
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Janiri D, Kotzalidis GD, di Luzio M, Giuseppin G, Simonetti A, Janiri L, Sani G. Genetic neuroimaging of bipolar disorder: a systematic 2017-2020 update. Psychiatr Genet 2021; 31:50-64. [PMID: 33492063 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence of genetic polymorphism influences on brain structure and function, genetic risk in bipolar disorder (BD), and neuroimaging correlates of BD. How genetic influences related to BD could be reflected on brain changes in BD has been efficiently reviewed in a 2017 systematic review. We aimed to confirm and extend these findings through a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses-based systematic review. Our study allowed us to conclude that there is no replicated finding in the timeframe considered. We were also unable to further confirm prior results of the BDNF gene polymorphisms to affect brain structure and function in BD. The most consistent finding is an influence of the CACNA1C rs1006737 polymorphism in brain connectivity and grey matter structure and function. There was a tendency of undersized studies to obtain positive results and large, genome-wide polygenic risk studies to find negative results in BD. The neuroimaging genetics in BD field is rapidly expanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Janiri
- Department of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Georgios D Kotzalidis
- NESMOS Department, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University
| | - Michelangelo di Luzio
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Giuseppin
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Simonetti
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sapienza University of Rome
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Luigi Janiri
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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29
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Xu Y, Song X, Wang D, Wang Y, Li P, Li J. Proteomic insights into synaptic signaling in the brain: the past, present and future. Mol Brain 2021; 14:37. [PMID: 33596935 PMCID: PMC7888154 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical synapses in the brain connect neurons to form neural circuits, providing the structural and functional bases for neural communication. Disrupted synaptic signaling is closely related to a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In the past two decades, proteomics has blossomed as a versatile tool in biological and biomedical research, rendering a wealth of information toward decoding the molecular machinery of life. There is enormous interest in employing proteomic approaches for the study of synapses, and substantial progress has been made. Here, we review the findings of proteomic studies of chemical synapses in the brain, with special attention paid to the key players in synaptic signaling, i.e., the synaptic protein complexes and their post-translational modifications. Looking toward the future, we discuss the technological advances in proteomics such as data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS), cross-linking in combination with mass spectrometry (CXMS), and proximity proteomics, along with their potential to untangle the mystery of how the brain functions at the molecular level. Last but not least, we introduce the newly developed synaptomic methods. These methods and their successful applications marked the beginnings of the synaptomics era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Xu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xiuyue Song
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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30
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Jamjoom AAB, Rhodes J, Andrews PJD, Grant SGN. The synapse in traumatic brain injury. Brain 2021; 144:18-31. [PMID: 33186462 PMCID: PMC7880663 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and is a risk factor for dementia later in life. Research into the pathophysiology of TBI has focused on the impact of injury on the neuron. However, recent advances have shown that TBI has a major impact on synapse structure and function through a combination of the immediate mechanical insult and the ensuing secondary injury processes, leading to synapse loss. In this review, we highlight the role of the synapse in TBI pathophysiology with a focus on the confluence of multiple secondary injury processes including excitotoxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress. The primary insult triggers a cascade of events in each of these secondary processes and we discuss the complex interplay that occurs at the synapse. We also examine how the synapse is impacted by traumatic axonal injury and the role it may play in the spread of tau after TBI. We propose that astrocytes play a crucial role by mediating both synapse loss and recovery. Finally, we highlight recent developments in the field including synapse molecular imaging, fluid biomarkers and therapeutics. In particular, we discuss advances in our understanding of synapse diversity and suggest that the new technology of synaptome mapping may prove useful in identifying synapses that are vulnerable or resistant to TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimun A B Jamjoom
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jonathan Rhodes
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Peter J D Andrews
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Seth G N Grant
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain (SIDB), Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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31
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Molecular Diversity of Glutamatergic and GABAergic Synapses from Multiplexed Fluorescence Imaging. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0286-20.2020. [PMID: 33355295 PMCID: PMC7877457 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0286-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal synapses contain hundreds of different protein species important for regulating signal transmission. Characterizing differential expression profiles of proteins within synapses in distinct regions of the brain has revealed a high degree of synaptic diversity defined by unique molecular organization. Multiplexed imaging of in vitro rat primary hippocampal culture models at single synapse resolution offers new opportunities for exploring synaptic reorganization in response to chemical and genetic perturbations. Here, we combine 12-color multiplexed fluorescence imaging with quantitative image analysis and machine learning to identify novel synaptic subtypes within excitatory and inhibitory synapses based on the expression profiles of major synaptic components. We characterize differences in the correlated expression of proteins within these subtypes and we examine how the distribution of these synapses is modified following induction of synaptic plasticity. Under chronic suppression of neuronal activity, phenotypic characterization revealed coordinated increases in both excitatory and inhibitory protein levels without changes in the distribution of synaptic subtypes, suggesting concerted events targeting glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. Our results offer molecular insight into the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity.
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32
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Hwang H, Szucs MJ, Ding LJ, Allen A, Ren X, Haensgen H, Gao F, Rhim H, Andrade A, Pan JQ, Carr SA, Ahmad R, Xu W. Neurogranin, Encoded by the Schizophrenia Risk Gene NRGN, Bidirectionally Modulates Synaptic Plasticity via Calmodulin-Dependent Regulation of the Neuronal Phosphoproteome. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:256-269. [PMID: 33032807 PMCID: PMC9258036 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurogranin (Ng), encoded by the schizophrenia risk gene NRGN, is a calmodulin-binding protein enriched in the postsynaptic compartments, and its expression is reduced in the postmortem brains of patients with schizophrenia. Experience-dependent translation of Ng is critical for encoding contextual memory, and Ng regulates developmental plasticity in the primary visual cortex during the critical period. However, the overall impact of Ng on the neuronal signaling that regulates synaptic plasticity is unknown. METHODS Altered Ng expression was achieved via virus-mediated gene manipulation in mice. The effect on long-term potentiation (LTP) was accessed using spike timing-dependent plasticity protocols. Quantitative phosphoproteomics analyses led to discoveries in significant phosphorylated targets. An identified candidate was examined with high-throughput planar patch clamp and was validated with pharmacological manipulation. RESULTS Ng bidirectionally modulated LTP in the hippocampus. Decreasing Ng levels significantly affected the phosphorylation pattern of postsynaptic density proteins, including glutamate receptors, GTPases, kinases, RNA binding proteins, selective ion channels, and ionic transporters, some of which highlighted clusters of schizophrenia- and autism-related genes. Hypophosphorylation of NMDA receptor subunit Grin2A, one significant phosphorylated target, resulted in accelerated decay of NMDA receptor currents. Blocking protein phosphatase PP2B activity rescued the accelerated NMDA receptor current decay and the impairment of LTP mediated by Ng knockdown, implicating the requirement of synaptic PP2B activity for the deficits. CONCLUSIONS Altered Ng levels affect the phosphorylation landscape of neuronal proteins. PP2B activity is required for mediating the deficit in synaptic plasticity caused by decreasing Ng levels, revealing a novel mechanistic link of a schizophrenia risk gene to cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongik Hwang
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Lei J. Ding
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew Allen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiaobai Ren
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Henny Haensgen
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fan Gao
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Arturo Andrade
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Jen Q. Pan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Steven A. Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rushdy Ahmad
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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33
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Yoon S, Piguel NH, Khalatyan N, Dionisio LE, Savas JN, Penzes P. Homer1 promotes dendritic spine growth through ankyrin-G and its loss reshapes the synaptic proteome. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1775-1789. [PMID: 33398084 PMCID: PMC8254828 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homer1 is a synaptic scaffold protein that regulates glutamatergic synapses and spine morphogenesis. HOMER1 knockout (KO) mice show behavioral abnormalities related to psychiatric disorders, and HOMER1 has been associated with psychiatric disorders such as addiction, autism disorder (ASD), schizophrenia (SZ), and depression. However, the mechanisms by which it promotes spine stability and its global function in maintaining the synaptic proteome has not yet been fully investigated. Here, we used computational approaches to identify global functions for proteins containing the Homer1-interacting PPXXF motif within the postsynaptic compartment. Ankyrin-G was one of the most topologically important nodes in the postsynaptic peripheral membrane subnetwork, and we show that one of the PPXXF motifs, present in the postsynaptically-enriched 190 kDa isoform of ankyrin-G (ankyrin-G 190), is recognized by the EVH1 domain of Homer1. We use proximity ligation combined with super-resolution microscopy to map the interaction of ankyrin-G and Homer1 to distinct nanodomains within the spine head and correlate them with spine head size. This interaction motif is critical for ankyrin-G 190's ability to increase spine head size, and for the maintenance of a stable ankyrin-G pool in spines. Intriguingly, lack of Homer1 significantly upregulated the abundance of ankyrin-G, but downregulated Shank3 in cortical crude plasma membrane fractions. In addition, proteomic analysis of the cortex in HOMER1 KO and wild-type (WT) mice revealed a global reshaping of the postsynaptic proteome, surprisingly characterized by extensive upregulation of synaptic proteins. Taken together, we show that Homer1 and its protein interaction motif have broad global functions within synaptic protein-protein interaction networks. Enrichment of disease risk factors within these networks has important implications for neurodevelopmental disorders including bipolar disorder, ASD, and SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyoun Yoon
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Nicolas H. Piguel
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Natalia Khalatyan
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Leonardo E. Dionisio
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Present Address: Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Savas
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Northwestern University, Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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34
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Li W, Yang L, Tang C, Liu K, Lu Y, Wang H, Yan K, Qiu Z, Zhou W. Mutations of CNTNAP1 led to defects in neuronal development. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135697. [PMID: 33148880 PMCID: PMC7710280 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of CNTNAP1 were associated with myelination disorders, suggesting the role of CNTNAP1 in myelination processes. Whether CNTNAP1 may have a role in early cortical neuronal development is largely unknown. In this study, we identified 4 compound heterozygous mutations of CNTNAP1 in 2 Chinese families. Using mouse models, we found that CNTNAP1 is highly expressed in neurons and is located predominantly in MAP2+ neurons during the early developmental stage. Importantly, Cntnap1 deficiency results in aberrant dendritic growth and spine development in vitro and in vivo, and it delayed migration of cortical neurons during early development. Finally, we found that the number of parvalbumin+ neurons in the cortex and hippocampus of Cntnap1–/– mice is strikingly increased by P15, suggesting that excitation/inhibition balance is impaired. Together, this evidence elucidates a critical function of CNTNAP1 in cortical development, providing insights underlying molecular and circuit mechanisms of CNTNAP1-related disease. Deficiency of CNTNAP1 causes severe cortical developmental deficits, leading to human lethal perinatal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects.,Division of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolic Disease, and
| | - Chuanqing Tang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Zilong Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology.,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, and.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Division of Neonatology.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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35
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Ageta-Ishihara N, Kinoshita M. Developmental and postdevelopmental roles of septins in the brain. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:6-12. [PMID: 33159992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Morphogenetic processes during brain development and postdevelopmental remodeling of neural architecture depend on the exquisite interplay between the microtubule- and actin-based cytoskeletal systems. Accumulation of evidence indicates cooperative roles of another cytoskeletal system composed of the septin family. Here we overview experimental findings on mammalian septins and their hypothetical roles in the proliferation of neural progenitor cells, neurite development, synapse formation and regulations. The diverse, mostly unexpected phenotypes obtained from gain- and loss-of-function mutants point to unknown molecular network to be elucidated, which may underlie pathogenetic processes of infectious diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Ageta-Ishihara
- Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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36
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Grant SGN, Fransén E. The Synapse Diversity Dilemma: Molecular Heterogeneity Confounds Studies of Synapse Function. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:590403. [PMID: 33132891 PMCID: PMC7561708 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.590403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown an unexpectedly high degree of synapse diversity arising from molecular and morphological differences among individual synapses. Diverse synapse types are spatially distributed within individual dendrites, between different neurons, and across and between brain regions, producing the synaptome architecture of the brain. The spatial organization of synapse heterogeneity is important because the physiological activation of heterogeneous excitatory synapses produces a non-uniform spatial output of synaptic potentials, which confounds the interpretation of measurements obtained from population-averaging electrodes, optrodes and biochemical methods that lack single-synapse resolution. Population-averaging measurements cannot distinguish between changes in the composition of populations of synapses and changing synaptic physiology. Here we consider the implications of synapse diversity and its organization into synaptome architecture for studies of synapse physiology, plasticity, development and behavior, and for the interpretation of phenotypes arising from pharmacological and genetic perturbations. We conclude that prevailing models based on population-averaging measurements need reconsideration and that single-synapse resolution physiological recording methods are required to confirm or refute the major synaptic models of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth G N Grant
- Genes to Cognition Programme, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Fransén
- Department of Computational Science and Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
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37
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Clifton NE, Thomas KL, Wilkinson LS, Hall J, Trent S. FMRP and CYFIP1 at the Synapse and Their Role in Psychiatric Vulnerability. Complex Psychiatry 2020; 6:5-19. [PMID: 34883502 PMCID: PMC7673588 DOI: 10.1159/000506858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing awareness of the role genetic risk variants have in mediating vulnerability to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Many of these risk variants encode synaptic proteins, influencing biological pathways of the postsynaptic density and, ultimately, synaptic plasticity. Fragile-X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) and cytoplasmic fragile-X mental retardation protein (FMRP)-interacting protein 1 (CYFIP1) contain 2 such examples of highly penetrant risk variants and encode synaptic proteins with shared functional significance. In this review, we discuss the biological actions of FMRP and CYFIP1, including their regulation of (i) protein synthesis and specifically FMRP targets, (ii) dendritic and spine morphology, and (iii) forms of synaptic plasticity such as long-term depression. We draw upon a range of preclinical studies that have used genetic dosage models of FMR1 and CYFIP1 to determine their biological function. In parallel, we discuss how clinical studies of fragile X syndrome or 15q11.2 deletion patients have informed our understanding of FMRP and CYFIP1, and highlight the latest psychiatric genomic findings that continue to implicate FMRP and CYFIP1. Lastly, we assess the current limitations in our understanding of FMRP and CYFIP1 biology and how they must be addressed before mechanism-led therapeutic strategies can be developed for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Clifton
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kerrie L. Thomas
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence S. Wilkinson
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Trent
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
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38
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McClatchy DB, Martínez-Bartolomé S, Gao Y, Lavallée-Adam M, Yates JR. Quantitative analysis of global protein stability rates in tissues. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15983. [PMID: 32994440 PMCID: PMC7524747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein degradation is an essential mechanism for maintaining proteostasis in response to internal and external perturbations. Disruption of this process is implicated in many human diseases. We present a new technique, QUAD (Quantification of Azidohomoalanine Degradation), to analyze the global degradation rates in tissues using a non-canonical amino acid and mass spectrometry. QUAD analysis reveals that protein stability varied within tissues, but discernible trends in the data suggest that cellular environment is a major factor dictating stability. Within a tissue, different organelles and protein functions were enriched with different stability patterns. QUAD analysis demonstrated that protein stability is enhanced with age in the brain but not in the liver. Overall, QUAD allows the first global quantitation of protein stability rates in tissues, which will allow new insights and hypotheses in basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B McClatchy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Yu Gao
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mathieu Lavallée-Adam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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39
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Nanostructural Diversity of Synapses in the Mammalian Spinal Cord. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8189. [PMID: 32424125 PMCID: PMC7235094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionally distinct synapses exhibit diverse and complex organisation at molecular and nanoscale levels. Synaptic diversity may be dependent on developmental stage, anatomical locus and the neural circuit within which synapses reside. Furthermore, astrocytes, which align with pre and post-synaptic structures to form ‘tripartite synapses’, can modulate neural circuits and impact on synaptic organisation. In this study, we aimed to determine which factors impact the diversity of excitatory synapses throughout the lumbar spinal cord. We used PSD95-eGFP mice, to visualise excitatory postsynaptic densities (PSDs) using high-resolution and super-resolution microscopy. We reveal a detailed and quantitative map of the features of excitatory synapses in the lumbar spinal cord, detailing synaptic diversity that is dependent on developmental stage, anatomical region and whether associated with VGLUT1 or VGLUT2 terminals. We report that PSDs are nanostructurally distinct between spinal laminae and across age groups. PSDs receiving VGLUT1 inputs also show enhanced nanostructural complexity compared with those receiving VGLUT2 inputs, suggesting pathway-specific diversity. Finally, we show that PSDs exhibit greater nanostructural complexity when part of tripartite synapses, and we provide evidence that astrocytic activation enhances PSD95 expression. Taken together, these results provide novel insights into the regulation and diversification of synapses across functionally distinct spinal regions and advance our general understanding of the ‘rules’ governing synaptic nanostructural organisation.
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40
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Murtaza N, Uy J, Singh KK. Emerging proteomic approaches to identify the underlying pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Autism 2020; 11:27. [PMID: 32317014 PMCID: PMC7171839 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomics is the large-scale study of the total protein content and their overall function within a cell through multiple facets of research. Advancements in proteomic methods have moved past the simple quantification of proteins to the identification of post-translational modifications (PTMs) and the ability to probe interactions between these proteins, spatially and temporally. Increased sensitivity and resolution of mass spectrometers and sample preparation protocols have drastically reduced the large amount of cells required and the experimental variability that had previously hindered its use in studying human neurological disorders. Proteomics offers a new perspective to study the altered molecular pathways and networks that are associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The differences between the transcriptome and proteome, combined with the various types of post-translation modifications that regulate protein function and localization, highlight a novel level of research that has not been appropriately investigated. In this review, we will discuss strategies using proteomics to study ASD and other neurological disorders, with a focus on how these approaches can be combined with induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) studies. Proteomic analysis of iPSC-derived neurons have already been used to measure changes in the proteome caused by patient mutations, analyze changes in PTMs that resulted in altered biological pathways, and identify potential biomarkers. Further advancements in both proteomic techniques and human iPSC differentiation protocols will continue to push the field towards better understanding ASD disease pathophysiology. Proteomics using iPSC-derived neurons from individuals with ASD offers a window for observing the altered proteome, which is necessary in the future development of therapeutics against specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Murtaza
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jarryll Uy
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Karun K Singh
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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41
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Martin EA, Lasseigne AM, Miller AC. Understanding the Molecular and Cell Biological Mechanisms of Electrical Synapse Formation. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:12. [PMID: 32372919 PMCID: PMC7179694 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article, we will describe the recent advances made towards understanding the molecular and cell biological mechanisms of electrical synapse formation. New evidence indicates that electrical synapses, which are gap junctions between neurons, can have complex molecular compositions including protein asymmetries across joined cells, diverse morphological arrangements, and overlooked similarities with other junctions, all of which indicate new potential roles in neurodevelopmental disease. Aquatic organisms, and in particular the vertebrate zebrafish, have proven to be excellent models for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of electrical synapse formation. Zebrafish will serve as our main exemplar throughout this review and will be compared with other model organisms. We highlight the known cell biological processes that build neuronal gap junctions and compare these with the assemblies of adherens junctions, tight junctions, non-neuronal gap junctions, and chemical synapses to explore the unknown frontiers remaining in our understanding of the critical and ubiquitous electrical synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Anne Martin
- Department of Biology, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Abagael M Lasseigne
- Department of Biology, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Adam C Miller
- Department of Biology, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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42
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Glutamatergic postsynaptic density in early life stress programming: Topographic gene expression of mGlu5 receptors and Homer proteins. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 96:109725. [PMID: 31404590 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Type-5 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu5) have been implicated in the mechanism of resilience to stress. They form part of the postsynaptic density (PSD), a thickening of the glutamatergic synapse that acts as a multimodal hub for multiple cellular signaling. Perinatal stress in rats triggers alterations that make adult offspring less resilient to stress. In the present study, we examined the expression of gene encoding the mGlu5 (Grm5), as well as those encoding the short and long isoforms of Homer proteins in different brain regions of the offspring of dams exposed to repeated episodes of restraint stress during pregnancy ("perinatally stressed" or PRS offspring). To this end, we investigated unconditioned behavioral response using the light/dark box test, as well as the expression of PSD genes (Homer1a, Homer1b, and Grm5), in the medial prefrontal cortex, cortex, caudate-putamen, amygdala, and dorsal hippocampus. PRS rats spent significantly less time in the light area than the control group. In the amygdala, Homer1a mRNA levels were significantly increased in PRS rats, whereas Homer1b and Grm5 mRNA levels were reduced. In contrast, the transcript encoding for Homer1a was significantly reduced in the medial prefrontal cortex, caudate-putamen, and dorsal hippocampus of PRS rats. We also evaluated the relative ratio between Homer1a and Homer1b/Grm5 expression, finding a significant shift toward the expression of Homer1a in the amygdala and toward Homer1b/Grm5 in the other brain regions. These topographic patterns of Homer1a, Homer1b, and mGlu5 gene expression were significantly correlated with risk-taking behavior measured in the light/dark box test. Remarkably, in the amygdala and in other brain regions, Homer1b and Grm5 expression showed positive correlation with time spent in the light box, whereas Homer1a in the amygdala showed a negative correlation with risk-taking behavior, in contrast with all other brain regions analyzed, wherein these correlations were positive. These results suggest that perinatal stress programs the developmental expression of PSD molecules involved in mGlu5 signaling in discrete brain regions, with a predominant role for the amygdala.
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43
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Grant SGN. Synapse diversity and synaptome architecture in human genetic disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:R219-R225. [PMID: 31348488 PMCID: PMC6872429 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 130 brain diseases are caused by mutations that disrupt genes encoding the proteome of excitatory synapses. These include neurological and psychiatric disorders with early and late onset such as autism, schizophrenia and depression and many other rarer conditions. The proteome of synapses is highly complex with over 1000 conserved proteins which are differentially expressed generating a vast, potentially unlimited, number of synapse types. The diversity of synapses and their location in the brain are described by the synaptome. A recent study has mapped the synaptome across the mouse brain, revealing that synapse diversity is distributed into an anatomical architecture observed at scales from individual dendrites to the whole systems level. The synaptome architecture is built from the hierarchical expression and assembly of proteins into complexes and supercomplexes which are distributed into different synapses. Mutations in synapse proteins change the synaptome architecture leading to behavioral phenotypes. Mutations in the mechanisms regulating the hierarchical assembly of the synaptome, including transcription and proteostasis, may also change synapse diversity and synaptome architecture. The logic of synaptome hierarchical assembly provides a mechanistic framework that explains how diverse genetic disorders can converge on synapses in different brain circuits to produce behavioral phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth G N Grant
- Centre for Clinical Brain Science, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
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44
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Zhang Y, Lee Y, Han K. Neuronal function and dysfunction of CYFIP2: from actin dynamics to early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30982501 PMCID: PMC6549915 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.5.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein family (CYFIP1 and CYFIP2) are evolutionarily conserved proteins originally identified as binding partners of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), a messenger RNA (mRNA)-binding protein whose loss causes the fragile X syndrome. Moreover, CYFIP is a key component of the heteropentameric WAVE regulatory complex (WRC), a critical regulator of neuronal actin dynamics. Therefore, CYFIP may play key roles in regulating both mRNA translation and actin polymerization, which are critically involved in proper neuronal development and function. Nevertheless, compared to CYFIP1, neuronal function and dysfunction of CYFIP2 remain largely unknown, possibly due to the relatively less well established association between CYFIP2 and brain disorders. Despite high amino acid sequence homology between CYFIP1 and CYFIP2, several in vitro and animal model studies have suggested that CYFIP2 has some unique neuronal functions distinct from those of CYFIP1. Furthermore, recent whole-exome sequencing studies identified de novo hot spot variants of CYFIP2 in patients with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE), clearly implicating CYFIP2 dysfunction in neurological disorders. In this review, we highlight these recent investigations into the neuronal function and dysfunction of CYFIP2, and also discuss several key questions remaining about this intriguing neuronal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Zhang
- Departments of Neuroscience, and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yeunkum Lee
- Departments of Neuroscience, and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- Departments of Neuroscience, and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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45
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Zhu F, Collins MO, Harmse J, Choudhary JS, Grant SGN, Komiyama NH. Cell-type-specific visualisation and biochemical isolation of endogenous synaptic proteins in mice. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:793-805. [PMID: 31621109 PMCID: PMC7079123 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the remarkable molecular complexity of synapses has been revealed, with over 1,000 proteins identified in the synapse proteome. Although it is known that different receptors and other synaptic proteins are present in different types of neurons, the extent of synapse diversity across the brain is largely unknown. This is mainly due to the limitations of current techniques. Here, we report an efficient method for the purification of synaptic protein complexes, fusing a high‐affinity tag to endogenous PSD95 in specific cell types. We also developed a strategy, which enables the visualisation of endogenous PSD95 with fluorescent‐protein tag in Cre‐recombinase‐expressing cells. We demonstrate the feasibility of proteomic analysis of synaptic protein complexes and visualisation of these in specific cell types. We find that the composition of PSD95 complexes purified from specific cell types differs from those extracted from tissues with diverse cellular composition. The results suggest that there might be differential interactions in the PSD95 complexes in different brain regions. We have detected differentially interacting proteins by comparing data sets from the whole hippocampus and the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus. Therefore, these novel conditional PSD95 tagging lines will not only serve as powerful tools for precisely dissecting synapse diversity in specific brain regions and subsets of neuronal cells, but also provide an opportunity to better understand brain region‐ and cell‐type‐specific alterations associated with various psychiatric/neurological diseases. These newly developed conditional gene tagging methods can be applied to many different synaptic proteins and will facilitate research on the molecular complexity of synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhu
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark O Collins
- Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Johan Harmse
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jyoti S Choudhary
- Functional Proteomics Group, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Seth G N Grant
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain (SIDB), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Noboru H Komiyama
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain (SIDB), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Patrick Wild Centre for Research into Autism, Fragile X Syndrome and Intellectual Disabilities, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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46
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Wong E, Mölter J, Anggono V, Degnan SM, Degnan BM. Co-expression of synaptic genes in the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica uncovers ancient neural submodules. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15781. [PMID: 31673079 PMCID: PMC6823388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The synapse is a complex cellular module crucial to the functioning of neurons. It evolved largely through the exaptation of pre-existing smaller submodules, each of which are comprised of ancient sets of proteins that are conserved in modern animals and other eukaryotes. Although these ancient submodules themselves have non-neural roles, it has been hypothesized that they may mediate environmental sensing behaviors in aneural animals, such as sponges. Here we identify orthologues in the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica of genes encoding synaptic submodules in neural animals, and analyse their cell-type specific and developmental expression to determine their potential to be co-regulated. We find that genes comprising certain synaptic submodules, including those involved in vesicle trafficking, calcium-regulation and scaffolding of postsynaptic receptor clusters, are co-expressed in adult choanocytes and during metamorphosis. Although these submodules may contribute to sensory roles in this cell type and this life cycle stage, total synaptic gene co-expression profiles do not support the existence of a functional synapse in A. queenslandica. The lack of evidence for the co-regulation of genes necessary for pre- and post-synaptic functioning in A. queenslandica suggests that sponges, and perhaps the last common ancestor of sponges and other extant animals, had the ability to promulgate sensory inputs without complete synapse-like functionalities. The differential co-expression of multiple synaptic submodule genes in sponge choanocytes, which have sensory and feeding roles, however, is consistent with the metazoan ancestor minimally being able to undergo exo- and endocytosis in a controlled and localized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jan Mölter
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Victor Anggono
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Sandie M Degnan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Bernard M Degnan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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47
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Guo SM, Veneziano R, Gordonov S, Li L, Danielson E, Perez de Arce K, Park D, Kulesa AB, Wamhoff EC, Blainey PC, Boyden ES, Cottrell JR, Bathe M. Multiplexed and high-throughput neuronal fluorescence imaging with diffusible probes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4377. [PMID: 31558769 PMCID: PMC6763432 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses contain hundreds of distinct proteins whose heterogeneous expression levels are determinants of synaptic plasticity and signal transmission relevant to a range of diseases. Here, we use diffusible nucleic acid imaging probes to profile neuronal synapses using multiplexed confocal and super-resolution microscopy. Confocal imaging is performed using high-affinity locked nucleic acid imaging probes that stably yet reversibly bind to oligonucleotides conjugated to antibodies and peptides. Super-resolution PAINT imaging of the same targets is performed using low-affinity DNA imaging probes to resolve nanometer-scale synaptic protein organization across nine distinct protein targets. Our approach enables the quantitative analysis of thousands of synapses in neuronal culture to identify putative synaptic sub-types and co-localization patterns from one dozen proteins. Application to characterize synaptic reorganization following neuronal activity blockade reveals coordinated upregulation of the post-synaptic proteins PSD-95, SHANK3 and Homer-1b/c, as well as increased correlation between synaptic markers in the active and synaptic vesicle zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuan-Ming Guo
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Remi Veneziano
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simon Gordonov
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric Danielson
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karen Perez de Arce
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Anthony B Kulesa
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Paul C Blainey
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Media Lab, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Cottrell
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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48
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De Mario A, Peggion C, Massimino ML, Norante RP, Zulian A, Bertoli A, Sorgato MC. The Link of the Prion Protein with Ca 2+ Metabolism and ROS Production, and the Possible Implication in Aβ Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184640. [PMID: 31546771 PMCID: PMC6770541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is an ubiquitous cell surface protein mostly expressed in neurons, where it localizes to both pre- and post-synaptic membranes. PrPC aberrant conformers are the major components of mammalian prions, the infectious agents responsible for incurable neurodegenerative disorders. PrPC was also proposed to bind aggregated misfolded proteins/peptides, and to mediate their neurotoxic signal. In spite of long-lasting research, a general consensus on the precise pathophysiologic mechanisms of PrPC has not yet been reached. Here we review our recent data, obtained by comparing primary neurons from PrP-expressing and PrP-knockout mice, indicating a central role of PrPC in synaptic transmission and Ca2+ homeostasis. Indeed, by controlling gene expression and signaling cascades, PrPC is able to optimize glutamate secretion and regulate Ca2+ entry via store-operated channels and ionotropic glutamate receptors, thereby protecting neurons from threatening Ca2+ overloads and excitotoxicity. We will also illustrate and discuss past and unpublished results demonstrating that Aβ oligomers perturb Ca2+ homeostasis and cause abnormal mitochondrial accumulation of reactive oxygen species by possibly affecting the PrP-dependent downregulation of Fyn kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Caterina Peggion
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Lina Massimino
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Rosa Pia Norante
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Zulian
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Bertoli
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Catia Sorgato
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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49
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Choi CSW, Souza IA, Sanchez-Arias JC, Zamponi GW, Arbour LT, Swayne LA. Ankyrin B and Ankyrin B variants differentially modulate intracellular and surface Cav2.1 levels. Mol Brain 2019; 12:75. [PMID: 31477143 PMCID: PMC6720858 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankyrin B (AnkB) is an adaptor and scaffold for motor proteins and various ion channels that is ubiquitously expressed, including in the brain. AnkB has been associated with neurological disorders such as epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder, but understanding of the underlying mechanisms is limited. Cav2.1, the pore-forming subunit of P/Q type voltage gated calcium channels, is a known interactor of AnkB and plays a crucial role in neuronal function. Here we report that wildtype AnkB increased overall Cav2.1 levels without impacting surface Cav2.1 levels in HEK293T cells. An AnkB variant, p.S646F, which we recently discovered to be associated with seizures, further increased overall Cav2.1 levels, again with no impact on surface Cav2.1 levels. AnkB p.Q879R, on the other hand, increased surface Cav2.1 levels in the presence of accessory subunits α2δ1 and β4. Additionally, AnkB p.E1458G decreased surface Cav2.1 irrespective of the presence of accessory subunits. In addition, we found that partial deletion of AnkB in cortex resulted in a decrease in overall Cav2.1 levels, with no change to the levels of Cav2.1 detected in synaptosome fractions. Our work suggests that depending on the particular variant, AnkB regulates intracellular and surface Cav2.1. Notably, expression of the AnkB variant associated with seizure (AnkB p.S646F) caused further increase in intracellular Cav2.1 levels above that of even wildtype AnkB. These novel findings have important implications for understanding the role of AnkB and Cav2.1 in the regulation of neuronal function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S. W. Choi
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia Canada
| | - Ivana A. Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Juan C. Sanchez-Arias
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia Canada
| | - Gerald W. Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Laura T. Arbour
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Leigh Anne Swayne
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia Canada
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50
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Chabbert D, Caubit X, Roubertoux PL, Carlier M, Habermann B, Jacq B, Salin P, Metwaly M, Frahm C, Fatmi A, Garratt AN, Severac D, Dubois E, Kerkerian-Le Goff L, Fasano L, Gubellini P. Postnatal Tshz3 Deletion Drives Altered Corticostriatal Function and Autism Spectrum Disorder-like Behavior. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:274-285. [PMID: 31060802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterozygous deletion of the TSHZ3 gene, encoding for the teashirt zinc-finger homeobox family member 3 (TSHZ3) transcription factor that is highly expressed in cortical projection neurons (CPNs), has been linked to an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) syndrome. Similarly, mice with Tshz3 haploinsufficiency show ASD-like behavior, paralleled by molecular changes in CPNs and corticostriatal synaptic dysfunctions. Here, we aimed at gaining more insight into "when" and "where" TSHZ3 is required for the proper development of the brain, and its deficiency crucial for developing this ASD syndrome. METHODS We generated and characterized a novel mouse model of conditional Tshz3 deletion, obtained by crossing Tshz3flox/flox with CaMKIIalpha-Cre mice, in which Tshz3 is deleted in CPNs from postnatal day 2 to 3 onward. We characterized these mice by a multilevel approach combining genetics, cell biology, electrophysiology, behavioral testing, and bioinformatics. RESULTS These conditional Tshz3 knockout mice exhibit altered cortical expression of more than 1000 genes, ∼50% of which have their human orthologue involved in ASD, in particular genes encoding for glutamatergic synapse components. Consistently, we detected electrophysiological and synaptic changes in CPNs and impaired corticostriatal transmission and plasticity. Furthermore, these mice showed strong ASD-like behavioral deficits. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a crucial postnatal role of TSHZ3 in the development and functioning of the corticostriatal circuitry and provides evidence that dysfunction in these circuits might be determinant for ASD pathogenesis. Our conditional Tshz3 knockout mouse constitutes a novel ASD model, opening the possibility for an early postnatal therapeutic window for the syndrome linked to TSHZ3 haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bianca Habermann
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, TAGC, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Jacq
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Salin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Ahmed Fatmi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Alistair N Garratt
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dany Severac
- Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, MGX, Montpellier, France
| | - Emeric Dubois
- Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, MGX, Montpellier, France
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