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Zhang Y, Li D, Gao H, Zhao H, Zhang S, Li T. Rapamycin Alleviates Neuronal Injury and Modulates Microglial Activation After Cerebral Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5699-5717. [PMID: 38224443 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Neurons and microglia are sensitive to cerebral microcirculation and their responses play a crucial part in the pathological processes, while they are also the main target cells of many drugs used to treat brain diseases. Rapamycin exhibits beneficial effects in many diseases; however, whether it can affect neuronal injury or alter the microglial activation after global cerebral ischemia remains unclear. In this study, we performed global cerebral ischemia combined with rapamycin treatment in CX3CR1GFP/+ mice and explored the effects of rapamycin on neuronal deficit and microglial activation. Our results showed that rapamycin reduced neuronal loss, neurodegeneration, and ultrastructural damage after ischemia by histological staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Interestingly, rapamycin suppressed de-ramification and proliferation of microglia and reduced the density of microglia. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that rapamycin skewed microglial polarization toward an anti-inflammatory state. Furthermore, rapamycin as well suppressed the activation of astrocytes. Meanwhile, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed a significant reduction of pro-inflammatory factors as well as an elevation of anti-inflammatory factors upon rapamycin treatment. As a result of these effects, behavioral tests showed that rapamycin significantly alleviated the brain injury after stroke. Together, our study suggested that rapamycin attenuated neuronal injury, altered microglial activation state, and provided a more beneficial immune microenvironment for the brain, which could be used as a promising therapeutic approach to treat ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Donghai Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
| | - Ting Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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Guo B, Qi M, Luo X, Guo L, Xu M, Zhang Y, Li Z, Li M, Wu R, Guan T, Liu M, Liu Y. GIP attenuates neuronal oxidative stress by regulating glucose uptake in spinal cord injury of rat. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14806. [PMID: 38887182 PMCID: PMC11183929 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a ligand of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) that plays an important role in the digestive system. In recent years, GIP has been regarded as a hormone-like peptide to regulate the local metabolic environment. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant role of GIP on the neuron and explored the possible mechanism. METHODS Cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to measure cell survival. TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) was used to detect apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were probed with 2', 7'-Dichloro dihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), and glucose intake was detected with 2-NBDG. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot were used to evaluate the protein level in cells and tissues. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunofluorescence staining and tract-tracing were used to observe the morphology of the injured spinal cord. Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) assay was used to evaluate functional recovery after spinal cord injury. RESULTS GIP reduced the ROS level and protected cells from apoptosis in cultured neurons and injured spinal cord. GIP facilitated wound healing and functional recovery of the injured spinal cord. GIP significantly improved the glucose uptake of cultured neurons. Meanwhile, inhibition of glucose uptake significantly attenuated the antioxidant effect of GIP. GIP increased glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) expression via up-regulating the level of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in an Akt-dependent manner. CONCLUSION GIP increases GLUT3 expression and promotes glucose intake in neurons, which exerts an antioxidant effect and protects neuronal cells from oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Medical SchoolNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Mengwei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology ProductsNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Xiaoqian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology ProductsNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Longyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology ProductsNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Man Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology ProductsNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Medical SchoolNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology ProductsNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Mingxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology ProductsNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Ronghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology ProductsNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Tuchen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology ProductsNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology ProductsNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology ProductsNantong UniversityNantongChina
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Das S, Singh LK, Tikka SK, Spoorthy MS, Mandal S, Soni PK, Nandan NK. Cognitive impairment in 'non-user' first-degree relatives of persons with cannabis dependence syndrome: A pilot, endophenotype study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:346-354. [PMID: 37726210 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabis use disorders are global emerging problem nowadays, with high prevalence and morbidity. Cognitive impairments, and also corresponding genetic vulnerability, has been fairly replicated in individuals with cannabis dependence. However, there are few studies that assess cognitive functioning as an endophenotype or a trait marker for cannabis dependence. While the primary objective of this study was to assess the endophenotype pattern of cognitive dysfunction in cannabis dependence, assessing the association between the degree of cognitive functioning, and their socio-demographic and clinical variables in the cannabis dependence patients and their first-degree relatives was the secondary objective. METHODOLOGY We compared cognitive functioning across three groups- patients with cannabis dependence syndrome, their 'non-user' first-degree relatives and healthy controls, with 30 participants in each group. Five cognitive domains- attention and concentration, verbal fluency, memory, visuospatial ability and executive functions were assessed. We assessed for endophenotype pattern of statistical significance in pairwise analyses of Kruskal-Wallis test, which was corrected for multiple comparisons. Subsequently, correlation analysis to assess association of cognitive impairment with socio-demographic and clinical variables was conducted. RESULTS Although impairment in attention and executive functions also was seen in patients with cannabis dependence, endophenotype pattern of statistical significance in pairwise analyses, with impairment in first-degree relatives too, was seen in all sub-scores of verbal fluency and verbal memory. None of the correlations were significant. CONCLUSION 'Non-user' first-degree relatives of patients with cannabis dependence too show significant cognitive impairment. Verbal fluency and verbal memory are possible endophenotypes or trait markers for cannabis dependence syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrayasi Das
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Neethu K Nandan
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, India
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Salman M, Stayton AS, Parveen K, Parveen A, Puchowicz MA, Parvez S, Bajwa A, Ishrat T. Intranasal Delivery of Mitochondria Attenuates Brain Injury by AMPK and SIRT1/PGC-1α Pathways in a Murine Model of Photothrombotic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2822-2838. [PMID: 37946007 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Mitochondria play a vital role in the pathological processes of cerebral ischemic injury, but its transplantation and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of mitochondrial therapy on the modulation of AMPK and SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway, oxidative stress, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation after photothrombotic ischemic stroke (pt-MCAO). The adult male mice were subjected to the pt-MCAO in which the proximal-middle cerebral artery was exposed with a 532-nm laser beam for 4 min by retro-orbital injection of a photosensitive dye (Rose Bengal: 15 mg/kg) before the laser light exposure and isolated mitochondria (100 μg protein) were administered intranasally at 30 min, 24 h, and 48 h following post-stroke. After 72 h, mice were tested for neurobehavioral outcomes and euthanized for infarct volume, brain edema, and molecular analysis. First, we found that mitochondria therapy significantly decreased brain infarct volume and brain edema, improved neurological dysfunction, attenuated ischemic stroke-induced oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Second, mitochondria treatment inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Finally, mitochondria therapy accelerated p-AMPKα(Thr172) and PGC-1α expression and resorted SIRT1 protein expression levels in pt-MCAO mice. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that mitochondria therapy exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting oxidative damage and inflammation, mainly dependent on the heightening activation of the AMPK and SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Thus, intranasal delivery of mitochondria might be considered a new therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Salman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-228, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Amanda S Stayton
- Transplant Research Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S Manassas St, Room 418H, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Kehkashan Parveen
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Arshi Parveen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Michelle A Puchowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Transplant Research Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S Manassas St, Room 418H, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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D’Apolito E, Sisalli MJ, Tufano M, Annunziato L, Scorziello A. Oxidative Metabolism in Brain Ischemia and Preconditioning: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:547. [PMID: 38790652 PMCID: PMC11117774 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia is one of the major causes of chronic disability and death worldwide. It is related to insufficient blood supply to cerebral tissue, which induces irreversible or reversible intracellular effects depending on the time and intensity of the ischemic event. Indeed, neuronal function may be restored in some conditions, such as transient ischemic attack (TIA), which may be responsible for protecting against a subsequent lethal ischemic insult. It is well known that the brain requires high levels of oxygen and glucose to ensure cellular metabolism and energy production and that damage caused by oxygen impairment is tightly related to the brain's low antioxidant capacity. Oxygen is a key player in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), during which reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis can occur as a physiological side-product of the process. Indeed, besides producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) under normal physiological conditions, mitochondria are the primary source of ROS within the cell. This is because, in 0.2-2% of cases, the escape of electrons from complex I (NADPH-dehydrogenase) and III of the electron transport chain occurring in mitochondria during ATP synthesis leads to the production of the superoxide radical anion (O2•-), which exerts detrimental intracellular effects owing to its high molecular instability. Along with ROS, reactive nitrosative species (RNS) also contribute to the production of free radicals. When the accumulation of ROS and RNS occurs, it can cause membrane lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Here, we describe the intracellular pathways activated in brain tissue after a lethal/sub lethal ischemic event like stroke or ischemic tolerance, respectively, highlighting the important role played by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset of the two different ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena D’Apolito
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (E.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Maria Josè Sisalli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Michele Tufano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (E.D.); (M.T.)
| | | | - Antonella Scorziello
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (E.D.); (M.T.)
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Yadav S, Kumar A, Singh S, Ahmad S, Singh G, Khan AR, Chaurasia RN, Kumar D. NMR based Serum metabolomics revealed metabolic signatures associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in brain stroke. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:283-294. [PMID: 38095788 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Brain stroke (BS, also known as a cerebrovascular accident), represents a serious global health crisis. It has been a leading cause of permanent disability and unfortunately, frequent fatalities due to lack of timely medical intervention. While progress has been made in prevention and management, the complexities and consequences of stroke continue to pose significant challenges, especially, its impact on patient's quality of life and independence. During stroke, there is a substantial decrease in oxygen supply to the brain leading to alteration of cellular metabolic pathways, including those involved in mitochondrial-damage, leading to mitochondrial-dysfunction. The present proof-of-the-concept metabolomics study has been performed to gain insights into the metabolic pathways altered following a brain stroke and discover new potential targets for timely interventions to mitigate the effects of cellular and mitochondrial damage in BS. The serum metabolic profiles of 108 BS-patients were measured using 800 MHz NMR spectroscopy and compared with 60 age and sex matched normal control (NC) subjects. Compared to NC, the serum levels of glutamate, TCA-cycle intermediates (such as citrate, succinate, etc.), and membrane metabolites (betaine, choline, etc.) were found to be decreased BS patients, whereas those of methionine, mannose, mannitol, phenylalanine, urea, creatine and organic acids (such as 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetone) were found to be elevated in BS patients. These metabolic changes hinted towards hypoxia mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in BS-patients. Further, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) values for five metabolic features (methionine, mannitol, phenylalanine, mannose and urea) found to be more than 0.9 suggesting their high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating BS from NC subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Abhai Kumar
- Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Smita Singh
- Department of Zoology, Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmad
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdul Rahman Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Tournier BB, Sorce S, Marteyn A, Ghidoni R, Benussi L, Binetti G, Herrmann FR, Krause K, Zekry D. CCR5 deficiency: Decreased neuronal resilience to oxidative stress and increased risk of vascular dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:124-135. [PMID: 37489764 PMCID: PMC10917026 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the chemokine receptor5 (CCR5) may play a role in ischemia, we studied the links between CCR5 deficiency, the sensitivity of neurons to oxidative stress, and the development of dementia. METHODS Logistic regression models with CCR5/apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphisms were applied on a sample of 205 cognitively normal individuals and 189 dementia patients from Geneva. The impact of oxidative stress on Ccr5 expression and cell death was assessed in mice neurons. RESULTS CCR5-Δ32 allele synergized with ApoEε4 as risk factor for dementia and specifically for dementia with a vascular component. We confirmed these results in an independent cohort from Italy (157 cognitively normal and 620 dementia). Carriers of the ApoEε4/CCR5-Δ32 genotype aged ≥80 years have an 11-fold greater risk of vascular-and-mixed dementia. Oxidative stress-induced cell death in Ccr5-/- mice neurons. DISCUSSION We propose the vulnerability of CCR5-deficient neurons in response to oxidative stress as possible mechanisms contributing to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B. Tournier
- Department of PsychiatryGeneva University Hospitals and University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Silvia Sorce
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Antoine Marteyn
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Division of GeriatricsDepartment of Rehabilitation and GeriatricsGeneva University HospitalsThônexSwitzerland
- Division of Internal Medicine for the AgedDepartment of Rehabilitation and GeriatricsGeneva University HospitalsThônexSwitzerland
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers LaboratoryIRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio FatebenefratelliBresciaItaly
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers LaboratoryIRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio FatebenefratelliBresciaItaly
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- MAC Memory Clinic and Molecular Markers LaboratoryIRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio FatebenefratelliBresciaItaly
| | - François R Herrmann
- Division of GeriatricsDepartment of Rehabilitation and GeriatricsGeneva University HospitalsThônexSwitzerland
| | - Karl‐Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Dina Zekry
- Division of Internal Medicine for the AgedDepartment of Rehabilitation and GeriatricsGeneva University HospitalsThônexSwitzerland
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Suthar JK, Rakesh B, Vaidya A, Ravindran S. Comprehensive Analysis of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticle Size and Surface Properties on Neuronal PC-12 Cells: Unraveling Cytotoxicity, Dopaminergic Gene Expression, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition. J Xenobiot 2023; 13:662-684. [PMID: 37987444 PMCID: PMC10660528 DOI: 10.3390/jox13040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium oxide nanoparticles can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, infiltrate the central nervous system, and induce neurotoxicity. One of the most often utilized nanoparticles has been investigated for their neurotoxicity in many studies. Nonetheless, there remains an unexplored aspect regarding the comparative analysis of particles varying in size and nanoparticles of identical dimensions, both with and devoid of surface coating. In the current study, we synthesized two differently sized nanoparticles, TiO2-10 (10 nm) and TiO2-22 (22 nm), and nanoparticles of the same size but with a polyvinylpyrrolidone surface coating (TiO2-PVP, 22 nm) and studied their toxic effects on neural PC-12 cells. The results highlighted significant dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity at concentrations ≥10 μg/mL. The exposure of TiO2 nanoparticles significantly elevated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species levels, IL-6 and TNF-α levels, altered the mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhanced apoptosis-related caspase-3 activity, irrespective of size and surface coating. The interaction of the nanoparticles with acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity was also investigated, and the results revealed a dose-dependent suppression of enzymatic activity. However, the gene expression studies indicated no effect on the expression of all six genes associated with the dopaminergic system upon exposure to 10 μg/mL for any nanoparticle. The results demonstrated no significant difference between the outcomes of TiO2-10 and TiO2-22 NPs. However, the polyvinylpyrrolidone surface coating was able to attenuate the neurotoxic effects. These findings suggest that as the TiO2 nanoparticles get smaller (towards 0 nm), they might promote apoptosis and inflammatory reactions in neural cells via oxidative stress, irrespective of their size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar Suthar
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed) University, Pune 412115, India;
| | - Balaji Rakesh
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed) University, Pune 412115, India;
| | - Anuradha Vaidya
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed) University, Pune 412115, India;
| | - Selvan Ravindran
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed) University, Pune 412115, India;
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Ye S, Wang Z, Ma JH, Ji S, Peng Y, Huang Y, Chen J, Tang S. Diabetes Reshapes the Circadian Transcriptome Profile in Murine Retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:3. [PMID: 37788001 PMCID: PMC10552875 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and has a high prevalence. Dysregulation of circadian rhythmicity is associated with the development of DR. This research aimed to investigate rhythmical transcriptome alterations in the retina of diabetic mice. Methods C57BL/6J mice were used to establish a diabetes model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). After 12 weeks, retinas were collected continuously at 4-hour intervals over 1 day. Total RNA was extracted from normal and STZ-treated retinas and RNA sequencing was performed. Meta2d algorithm, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes, Phase Set Enrichment Analysis, and time-series cluster analysis were used to identify, analyze and annotate the composition, phase, and molecular functions of rhythmic transcripts in retinas. Results The retina exhibited powerful transcriptome rhythmicity. STZ-induced diabetes markedly modified the transcriptome characteristics of the circadian transcriptome in the retina, including composition, phase, and amplitude. Moreover, the diabetic mice led to re-organized temporal and clustering enrichment pathways in space and time and affected core clock machinery. Conclusions Diabetes impairs the circadian rhythm of the transcriptomic profile of retinas. This study offers new perspectives on the negative effects of diabetes on the retina, which may provide important information for the development of new treatments for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Ye
- AIER Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- AIER Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiansu Chen
- AIER Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- AIER Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- AIER Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- AIER Eye Institute, Changsha, China
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Nguyen L, Thewes L, Westerhoff M, Wruck W, Reichert AS, Berndt C, Adjaye J. JNK Signalling Regulates Self-Renewal of Proliferative Urine-Derived Renal Progenitor Cells via Inhibition of Ferroptosis. Cells 2023; 12:2197. [PMID: 37681928 PMCID: PMC10486975 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With a global increase in chronic kidney disease patients, alternatives to dialysis and organ transplantation are needed. Stem cell-based therapies could be one possibility to treat chronic kidney disease. Here, we used multipotent urine-derived renal progenitor cells (UdRPCs) to study nephrogenesis. UdRPCs treated with the JNK inhibitor-AEG3482 displayed decreased proliferation and downregulated transcription of cell cycle-associated genes as well as the kidney progenitor markers-SIX2, SALL1 and VCAM1. In addition, levels of activated SMAD2/3, which is associated with the maintenance of self-renewal in UdRPCs, were decreased. JNK inhibition resulted in less efficient oxidative phosphorylation and more lipid peroxidation via ferroptosis, an iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death pathway linked to various forms of kidney disease. Our study is the first to describe the importance of JNK signalling as a link between maintenance of self-renewal and protection against ferroptosis in SIX2-positive renal progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nguyen
- Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.N.); (W.W.)
| | - Leonie Thewes
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.T.); (C.B.)
| | - Michelle Westerhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.W.); (A.S.R.)
| | - Wasco Wruck
- Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.N.); (W.W.)
| | - Andreas S. Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.W.); (A.S.R.)
| | - Carsten Berndt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.T.); (C.B.)
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.N.); (W.W.)
- EGA Institute for Women’s Health, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Diseases in Children (ZCR), University College London (UCL), 20 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
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11
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Kang H, Shu W, Yu J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang R, Jing J, Zhang X. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Nitroxyl in a Parkinson's Disease Model. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6295-6302. [PMID: 37011139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are considered to play important effects in the administration of many pathological processes of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the intricate relationship between the neurotoxicity of HNO and ER stress in the processes of PD is still unknown. To completely comprehend the pathogenic activity of HNO during ER stress and achieve early diagnosis of PD, developing sensitive tools for HNO sensing in vivo is essential. In this work, a two-photon fluorescent probe (KD-HNO) was developed with highly selective and sensitive (7.93 nM) response for HNO in vitro. Then, utilizing KD-HNO, we found that HNO levels were distinctly increased in tunicamycin-stimulated PC12 cells, which are characterized by ER stress and PD features. Most importantly, we detected a considerable increase in HNO levels in the brains of PD-model mice, indicating a positive correlation between PD and HNO levels for the first time. Collectively, these findings revealed that KD-HNO is an excellent tool not only for understanding the biological effects of HNO in pathological processes of PD but also for early PD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Kang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro Photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Shu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro Photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro Photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rubo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro Photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro Photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electro Photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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12
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Ribeiro RT, Carvalho AVS, Palavro R, Durán-Carabali LE, Zemniaçak ÂB, Amaral AU, Netto CA, Wajner M. L-2-Hydroxyglutaric Acid Administration to Neonatal Rats Elicits Marked Neurochemical Alterations and Long-Term Neurobehavioral Disabilities Mediated by Oxidative Stress. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:119-140. [PMID: 36580261 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
L-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L-2-HGA) is an inherited neurometabolic disorder caused by deficient activity of L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase. L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid (L-2-HG) accumulation in the brain and biological fluids is the biochemical hallmark of this disease. Patients present exclusively neurological symptoms and brain abnormalities, particularly in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Since the pathogenesis of this disorder is still poorly established, we investigated the short-lived effects of an intracerebroventricular injection of L-2-HG to neonatal rats on redox homeostasis in the cerebellum, which is mostly affected in this disorder. We also determined immunohistochemical landmarks of neuronal viability (NeuN), astrogliosis (S100B and GFAP), microglia activation (Iba1), and myelination (MBP and CNPase) in the cerebral cortex and striatum following L-2-HG administration. Finally, the neuromotor development and cognitive abilities were examined. L-2-HG elicited oxidative stress in the cerebellum 6 h after its injection, which was verified by increased reactive oxygen species production, lipid oxidative damage, and altered antioxidant defenses (decreased concentrations of reduced glutathione and increased glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities). L-2-HG also decreased the content of NeuN, MBP, and CNPase, and increased S100B, GFAP, and Iba1 in the cerebral cortex and striatum at postnatal days 15 and 75, implying long-standing neuronal loss, demyelination, astrocyte reactivity, and increased inflammatory response, respectively. Finally, L-2-HG administration caused a delay in neuromotor development and a deficit of cognition in adult animals. Importantly, the antioxidant melatonin prevented L-2-HG-induced deleterious neurochemical, immunohistochemical, and behavioral effects, indicating that oxidative stress may be central to the pathogenesis of brain damage in L-2-HGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Teixeira Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrey Vinícios Soares Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Palavro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, RS, 260090035-003, Brazil
| | - Luz Elena Durán-Carabali
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, RS, 260090035-003, Brazil
| | - Ângela Beatris Zemniaçak
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada Do Alto Uruguai E das Missões, Av. Sete de Setembro, Erechim, RS, 162199709-910, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, RS, 260090035-003, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, RS, 260090035-003, Brazil.
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, RS, 235090035-007, Brazil.
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13
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Karimi E, Khorvash F, Arab A, Sepidarkish M, Saadatnia M, Amani R. The effects of royal jelly supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, mental health, cognitive function, quality of life, and clinical outcomes of patients with ischemic stroke: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:32. [PMID: 36797768 PMCID: PMC9933264 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a debilitating disease that affects over 15 million people worldwide each year, resulting in the death of one-third of those people and severe disability in two-thirds of survivors. Previous studies reported various health benefits of Royal jelly in the context of its anti-inflammatory properties. We will aim to investigate the effects of royal jelly supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, mental health, cognitive function, quality of life, and clinical outcomes of patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS The present study will be a triple-blind randomized placebo trial. Patients who meet our eligibility criteria will be assigned to the intervention or the control groups to receive allocated intervention for 12 weeks. Individuals of the intervention group will consume 1000 mg of Royal jelly dragee daily after breakfast. Subjects of the control group will receive a placebo dragee identical to the Royal jelly dragee. The severity of the stroke, cognitive function, mental health, quality of life, clinical outcomes, and biochemical measures will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention. DISCUSSION The current study is designed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of royal jelly supplementation in a randomized, parallel, two-arms, single-center, triple-blind, placebo-controlled manner. This study will provide evidence as a phase III clinical trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT20180818040827N4, registered on 16 October 2021. https://www.irct.ir/trial/59275.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Karimi
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Research Development Center, Arash Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariborz Khorvash
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XIsfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arman Arab
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- grid.411495.c0000 0004 0421 4102Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saadatnia
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XIsfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Kośmider K, Kamieniak M, Czuczwar SJ, Miziak B. Second Generation of Antiepileptic Drugs and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043873. [PMID: 36835284 PMCID: PMC9964930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the central nervous system characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. As a result of epileptic seizure or status epilepticus oxidants are excessively formed, which may be one of the causes of neuronal death. Given the role of oxidative stress in epileptogenesis, as well as the participation of this process in other neurological conditions, we decided to review the latest state of knowledge regarding the relationship between selected newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), also known as antiseizure drugs, and oxidative stress. The literature review indicates that drugs enhancing GABA-ergic transmission (e.g., vigabatrin, tiagabine, gabapentin, topiramate) or other antiepileptics (e.g., lamotrigine, levetiracetam) reduce neuronal oxidation markers. In particular, levetiracetam may produce ambiguous effects in this regard. However, when a GABA-enhancing drug was applied to the healthy tissue, it tended to increase oxidative stress markers in a dose-dependent manner. Studies on diazepam have shown that it exerts a neuroprotective effect in a "U-shaped" dose-dependent manner after excitotoxic or oxidative stress. Its lower concentrations are insufficient to protect against neuronal damage, while higher concentrations produce neurodegeneration. Therefore, a conclusion follows that newer AEDs, enhancing GABA-ergic neurotransmission, may act similarly to diazepam, causing neurodegeneration and oxidative stress when used in high doses.
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15
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Zhao K, Wang R, Chen R, Liu J, Ye Q, Wang K, Li J. Association between bilirubin levels with incidence and prognosis of stroke: A meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1122235. [PMID: 36866331 PMCID: PMC9971723 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1122235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Bilirubin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, but the association between bilirubin and stroke remains contentious. A meta-analysis of extensive observational studies on the relationship was conducted. Methods Studies published before August 2022 were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies that examined the association between circulating bilirubin and stroke were included. The primary outcome included the incidence of stroke and bilirubin quantitative expression level between stroke and control, and the secondary outcome was stroke severity. All pooled outcome measures were determined using random-effects models. The meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were performed using Stata 17. Results A total of 17 studies were included. Patients with stroke had a lower total bilirubin level (mean difference = -1.33 μmol/L, 95% CI: -2.12 to -0.53, P < 0.001). Compared with the lowest bilirubin level, total odds ratio (OR) of the highest bilirubin for the occurrence of stroke was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.61-0.82) and ischemic stroke was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.57-0.91), especially in cohort studies with accepted heterogeneity (I 2 = 0). Serum total and direct bilirubin levels were significantly and positively associated with stroke severity. A stratified analysis based on gender showed that the total bilirubin level in males correlated with ischemic stroke or stroke, which was not noted in females. Conclusion While our findings suggest associations between bilirubin levels and stroke risk, existing evidence is insufficient to establish a definitive association. Better-designed prospective cohort studies should further clarify pertinent questions (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022374893).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialei Liu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juebao Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Jia J, Xu G, Zhu D, Liu H, Zeng X, Li L. Advances in the Functions of Thioredoxin System in Central Nervous System Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:425-441. [PMID: 35761787 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The thioredoxin system comprises thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, besides an endogenous Trx inhibitor, the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). The Trx system plays critical roles in maintaining the redox homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS), in which oxidative stress damage is prone to occurrence due to its high-energy demand. Recent Advances: Increasing studies have demonstrated that the expression or activity of Trx/TrxR is usually decreased and that TXNIP expression is increased in patients with CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and depression, as well as in their cellular and animal models. The compromise of Trx/TrxR enhances the susceptibility of neurons to related pathological state. Increased TXNIP not only enhances the inhibition of Trx activity, but also activates the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, resulting in neuroinflammation in the brain. Critical Issues: In this review, we highlight the sources of oxidative stress in the CNS. The expression and function of the Trx system are summarized in different CNS diseases. This review also mentions that some inducers of Trx show neuroprotection in CNS diseases. Future Directions: Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the important roles of the Trx system in CNS diseases, suggesting that the Trx system may be a promising therapeutic target for CNS diseases. Further study should aim to develop the most effective inducers of Trx and specific inhibitors of TXNIP and to apply them in the clinical trials for the treatment of CNS diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 425-441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Forensic and Pathology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Xin'an International Hospital, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Li Li
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
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17
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Huang B, Lang X, Li X. The role of TIGAR in nervous system diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1023161. [DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1023161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) mainly regulates pentose phosphate pathway by inhibiting glycolysis, so as to synthesize ribose required by DNA, promote DNA damage repair and cell proliferation, maintain cell homeostasis and avoid body injury. Its physiological functions include anti-oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, maintaining mitochondrial function, inhibiting apoptosis, reducing autophagy etc. This paper reviews the research of TIGAR in neurological diseases, including stroke, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), seizures and brain tumors, aiming to provide reference for the development of new therapeutic targets.
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Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Pharmacologic Preconditioning as a Means to Reduce Stroke-induced Inflammation and Damage. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3598-3614. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Evaluation of 5-[(Z)-(4-nitrobenzylidene)]-2-(thiazol-2-ylimino)-4-thiazolidinone (Les-6222) as Potential Anticonvulsant Agent. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It was determined that the studied 5-[(Z)-(4-nitrobenzylidene)]-2-(thiazol-2-ylimino)-4-thiazolidinone (Les-6222) affects the cyclooxygenase pathway of the arachidonic acid cascade, the markers of damage to neurons on models of PTZ kindling. In the model of chronic epileptogenesis in mice (pentylenetetrazole kindling), a 4-thiazolidinone derivative showed high anticonvulsant activity, which is weaker than the effect of sodium valproate and higher than Celecoxib. The mentioned compound has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect in the brain on the background of the PTZ kindling, reliably inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2. The predominant inhibition of COX-2 by 44.5% indicates this enzyme’s high selectivity of Les-6222. According to the molecular docking study results, the studied compound revealed the properties of COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor and especially 5-LOX/FLAP. The decreasing content of 8-isoprostane in the brain of mice of the Les-6222 group indicates a beneficial effect on cell membranes in the background of oxidative stress during the long-term administration of PTZ. In addition, Les-6222 significantly decreased the content of neuron-specific enolase, indicating neuroprotective properties in the background of chronic epileptogenesis. The obtained results experimentally substantiate the feasibility of further developing Les-6222 as a promising anticonvulsant agent.
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Liu Y, Yang G, Cui W, Zhang Y, Liang X. Regulatory mechanisms of tetramethylpyrazine on central nervous system diseases: A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:948600. [PMID: 36133805 PMCID: PMC9483103 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.948600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases can lead to motor, sensory, speech, cognitive dysfunction, and sometimes even death. These diseases are recognized to cause a substantial socio-economic impact on a global scale. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is one of the main active ingredients extracted from the Chinese herbal medicine Ligusticum striatum DC. (Chuan Xiong). Many in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that TMP has a certain role in the treatment of CNS diseases through inhibiting calcium ion overload and glutamate excitotoxicity, anti-oxidative/nitrification stress, mitigating inflammatory response, anti-apoptosis, protecting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and facilitating synaptic plasticity. In this review, we summarize the roles and mechanisms of action of TMP on ischemic cerebrovascular disease, spinal cord injury, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive impairments, migraine, and depression. Our review will provide new insights into the clinical applications of TMP and the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Cui
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunling Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yunling Zhang, ; Xiao Liang,
| | - Xiao Liang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yunling Zhang, ; Xiao Liang,
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Khan H, Kaur Grewal A, Gurjeet Singh T. Mitochondrial dynamics related neurovascular approaches in cerebral ischemic injury. Mitochondrion 2022; 66:54-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Lee E, Ahn H, Park S, Kim G, Kim H, Noh MG, Kim Y, Yeon JS, Park H. Staphylococcus epidermidis WF2R11 Suppresses PM 2.5-Mediated Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in HaCaT Keratinocytes. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:915-933. [PMID: 35727505 PMCID: PMC9474527 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The skin supports a diverse microbiome whose imbalance is related to skin inflammation and diseases. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a major air pollutant, can adversely affect the skin microbiota equilibrium. In this study, the effect and mechanism of PM2.5 exposure in HaCaT keratinocytes were investigated. PM2.5 stimulated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HaCaT cells, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis. We observed that the culture medium derived from a particular skin microbe, Staphylococcus epidermidis WF2R11, remarkably reduced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells caused by PM2.5-mediated activation of the AhR pathway. Staphylococcus epidermidis WF2R11 also exhibited inhibition of ROS-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion. Herein, we demonstrated that S. epidermidis WF2R11 could act as a suppressor of AhRs, affect cell proliferation, and inhibit apoptosis. Our results highlight the importance of the clinical application of skin microbiome interventions in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulgi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinyoung Park
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Giun Noh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Yeon
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea. .,Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, Republic of Korea.
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Song Y, Zhang X, Li C, Xu S, Zhou B, Wu X. Is Bilirubin Associated with the Severity of Ischemic Stroke? A Dose Response Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123262. [PMID: 35743332 PMCID: PMC9224549 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no consensus on the role of bilirubin in acute ischemic stroke. Higher levels of serum bilirubin may provide a treatment advantage in oxidative-stress-mediated diseases but also may simply reflect the strength of the oxidative stress. As of 28 February 2022, the relevant studies were selected from four databases (PubMed, Web of science, Cochrane, and CNKI) through a retrieval strategy, and strict literature screening and quality evaluation were carried out. The dose–response relationship was fitted with a restricted cubic splines function. We found that the serum total bilirubin level and the direct bilirubin level were positively correlated with the severity of ischemic stroke. The direct bilirubin level was linearly correlated with the severity of stroke (P for non-linearity = 0.55), and the direct bilirubin increase of 1 μmol/L may be related to the 1% increase in the possibility of having moderate or severe ischemic stroke. High bilirubin levels are associated with stroke severity in patients with ischemic stroke and may serve as a marker of the intensity of initial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Song
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Center of Evidence Based Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (Y.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China;
| | - Chaoxiu Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Center of Evidence Based Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (Y.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Shuang Xu
- Technology Service Department, Library of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China;
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Center of Evidence Based Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (Y.S.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Center of Evidence Based Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (Y.S.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (X.W.)
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24
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Lee RHC, Wu CYC, Citadin CT, Couto E Silva A, Possoit HE, Clemons GA, Acosta CH, de la Llama VA, Neumann JT, Lin HW. Activation of Neuropeptide Y2 Receptor Can Inhibit Global Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Brain Injury. Neuromolecular Med 2022; 24:97-112. [PMID: 34019239 PMCID: PMC8606017 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary arrest (CA) can greatly impact a patient's life, causing long-term disability and death. Although multi-faceted treatment strategies against CA have improved survival rates, the prognosis of CA remains poor. We previously reported asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA) can cause excessive activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the brain, which contributes to cerebral blood flow (CBF) derangements such as hypoperfusion and, consequently, neurological deficits. Here, we report excessive activation of the SNS can cause enhanced neuropeptide Y levels. In fact, mRNA and protein levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY, a 36-amino acid neuropeptide) in the hippocampus were elevated after ACA-induced SNS activation, resulting in a reduced blood supply to the brain. Post-treatment with peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36), a pre-synaptic NPY2 receptor agonist, after ACA inhibited NPY release and restored brain circulation. Moreover, PYY3-36 decreased neuroinflammatory cytokines, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, and improved neuronal survival and neurological outcomes. Overall, NPY is detrimental during/after ACA, but attenuation of NPY release via PYY3-36 affords neuroprotection. The consequences of PYY3-36 inhibit ACA-induced 1) hypoperfusion, 2) neuroinflammation, 3) mitochondrial dysfunction, 4) neuronal cell death, and 5) neurological deficits. The present study provides novel insights to further our understanding of NPY's role in ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, USA
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, USA
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Alexandre Couto E Silva
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Harlee E Possoit
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, USA
| | - Garrett A Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Christina H Acosta
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Victoria A de la Llama
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, USA
| | - Jake T Neumann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, USA.
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
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25
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Impact of Electronic Cigarette Vaping on Cerebral Ischemia: What We Know So Far. Transl Stroke Res 2022; 13:923-938. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Neonatal Anesthesia and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040787. [PMID: 35453473 PMCID: PMC9026345 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal anesthesia, while often essential for surgeries or imaging procedures, is accompanied by significant risks to redox balance in the brain due to the relatively weak antioxidant system in children. Oxidative stress is characterized by concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are elevated beyond what can be accommodated by the antioxidant defense system. In neonatal anesthesia, this has been proposed to be a contributing factor to some of the negative consequences (e.g., learning deficits and behavioral abnormalities) that are associated with early anesthetic exposure. In order to assess the relationship between neonatal anesthesia and oxidative stress, we first review the mechanisms of action of common anesthetic agents, the key pathways that produce the majority of ROS, and the main antioxidants. We then explore the possible immediate, short-term, and long-term pathways of neonatal-anesthesia-induced oxidative stress. We review a large body of literature describing oxidative stress to be evident during and immediately following neonatal anesthesia. Moreover, our review suggests that the short-term pathway has a temporally limited effect on oxidative stress, while the long-term pathway can manifest years later due to the altered development of neurons and neurovascular interactions.
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27
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Seaweed Exhibits Therapeutic Properties against Chronic Diseases: An Overview. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds or marine macroalgae are known for producing potentially bioactive substances that exhibit a wide range of nutritional, therapeutic, and nutraceutical properties. These compounds can be applied to treat chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Several studies have shown that consumption of seaweeds in Asian countries, such as Japan and Korea, has been correlated with a lower incidence of chronic diseases. In this study, we conducted a review of published papers on seaweed consumption and chronic diseases. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method for this study. We identified and screened research articles published between 2000 and 2021. We used PubMed and ScienceDirect databases and identified 107 articles. This systematic review discusses the potential use of bioactive compounds of seaweed to treat chronic diseases and identifies gaps where further research in this field is needed. In this review, the therapeutic and nutraceutical properties of seaweed for the treatment of chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, diabetes, cancer, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and arthritis were discussed. We concluded that further study on the identification of bioactive compounds of seaweed, and further study at a clinical level, are needed.
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28
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Karabulut Uzuncakmak S, Dirican E, Naldan ME, Kesmez Can F, Halıcı Z. Investigation of CYP2E1 and Caspase-3 Gene Expressions in COVID-19 patients. GENE REPORTS 2022; 26:101497. [PMID: 35071821 PMCID: PMC8760173 DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic spread around the world like an infectious disease that presents waved effects on patients. Some patients needed ICU and respiratory support. Some patients only had flu-like symptoms. Cytokine storm and elevated ROS were serious problems for treatment. Apoptotic genes and CYP Family are part of these mechanisms. Aim In this study, our aim was to examine the gene expression CYP2E1 and Caspase-3 in patients with COVID-19 infection. Method 60 COVID-19(+) patients (ICU and non-ICU patients) and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled to study. To measure the level of gene expression qPCR was used. The 2-ΔΔCt method was utilized to analyze gene expression. Results The expression of CYP2E1 and Caspase-3 genes showed a significant discrepancy between patients and healthy individuals. Caspase-3 expression increased (p=0,0041) but CYP2E1 expression decreased (p=0,0214) in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy individuals. Both levels of gene expression were lower in patients with affected lungs than patients with unaffected lungs (p<0,05). Laboratory findings including d-Dimer, LDH, platelet count, lymphocyte count were related to both gene expressions (p<0,05). We found no correlation between CYP2E1 and Caspase-3 expressions. Conclusion The expression of Caspase-3 demonstrated apoptotic situations of patients but was not related to the CYP2E1 expression level. CYP2E1 gene expression is an important actor to metabolize endogens and xenobiotics however, COVID-19 patients demonstrated decreased CYP2E1 expression. CYP2E1 and Caspase-3 gene expression levels may be used as a diagnostic tool for COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Dirican
- Health Services Vocational School, Bayburt University, Bayburt 69000, Turkey
| | - M E Naldan
- Department of Anesthesia, Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - F Kesmez Can
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious and Clinical Microbiology Diseases, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Z Halıcı
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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29
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Saleh DO, Nasr M, Hassan A, El‐Awdan SA, Abdel Jaleel GA. Curcumin nanoemulsion ameliorates brain injury in diabetic rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14104. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia O. Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Sally A. El‐Awdan
- Department of Pharmacology Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - Gehad A. Abdel Jaleel
- Department of Pharmacology Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre Giza Egypt
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30
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Role of Creatine Supplementation in Conditions Involving Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030529. [PMID: 35276888 PMCID: PMC8838971 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine monohydrate (CrM) is one of the most widely used nutritional supplements among active individuals and athletes to improve high-intensity exercise performance and training adaptations. However, research suggests that CrM supplementation may also serve as a therapeutic tool in the management of some chronic and traumatic diseases. Creatine supplementation has been reported to improve high-energy phosphate availability as well as have antioxidative, neuroprotective, anti-lactatic, and calcium-homoeostatic effects. These characteristics may have a direct impact on mitochondrion's survival and health particularly during stressful conditions such as ischemia and injury. This narrative review discusses current scientific evidence for use or supplemental CrM as a therapeutic agent during conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Based on this analysis, it appears that CrM supplementation may have a role in improving cellular bioenergetics in several mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases, ischemic conditions, and injury pathology and thereby could provide therapeutic benefit in the management of these conditions. However, larger clinical trials are needed to explore these potential therapeutic applications before definitive conclusions can be drawn.
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31
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Ranjan R, Amitabh, Prasad DN, Kohli E. Hypothermic preconditioning attenuates hypobaric hypoxia induced spatial memory impairment in rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 416:113568. [PMID: 34499936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hypobaric Hypoxia (HH) is known to cause oxidative stress in the brain that leads to spatial memory deficit and neurodegeneration. For decades therapeutic hypothermia is used to treat global and focal ischemia in preserving brain functions that proved to be beneficial in humans and rodents. Considering these previous reports, the present study was designed to establish the therapeutic potential of hypothermia preconditioning on HH induced spatial memory, biochemical and morphological changes in adult rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to HH (7620 m, ~ 282 mmHg) for 1, 3 and 7 days with and without hypothermic preconditioning. Spatial learning memory was assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) test along with evaluation of hippocampal pyramidal neuron damage by histological study. Oxidative stress was measured by studying the levels of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSSG and GSH). Results of MWM test indicated prolonged path length and latency to reach the platform in HH groups that regained to normal in cold pre-treated groups. A likely neurodegeneration was evident in HH groups that lessen in the cold pre-treated groups. Hypothermic preconditioning prevented spatial memory impairment and neurodegeneration in animals subjected to HH via decreasing the NO, ROS and LPO compared to control animals. The GSH level and GSH/GSSG ratio was found to be higher in preconditioned animals as compared to respective HH exposed animals, indicative of redox scavenging and restoration of hippocampal neuronal structure as well as spatial memory. Therefore, hypothermic preconditioning improves spatial memory deficit by reducing HH induced oxidative stress and hippocampal neurodegeneration, hence can be used as a multi-target prophylactic measure to combat HH induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Ranjan
- Neurobiology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054 India
| | - Amitabh
- Neurobiology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054 India
| | - Dipti N Prasad
- Neurobiology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054 India
| | - Ekta Kohli
- Neurobiology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054 India.
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32
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Yang T, Guo R, Ofengeim D, Hwang JY, Zukin RS, Chen J, Zhang F. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Death. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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Danilenko V, Devyatkin A, Marsova M, Shibilova M, Ilyasov R, Shmyrev V. Common Inflammatory Mechanisms in COVID-19 and Parkinson's Diseases: The Role of Microbiome, Pharmabiotics and Postbiotics in Their Prevention. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6349-6381. [PMID: 34876830 PMCID: PMC8643201 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s333887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, metagenomic studies have shown the key role of the gut microbiome in maintaining immune and neuroendocrine systems. Malfunction of the gut microbiome can induce inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, and cytokine storm. Dysfunction of the gut microbiome can be caused by short-term (virus infection and other infectious diseases) or long-term (environment, nutrition, and stress) factors. Here, we reviewed the inflammation and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases and coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Here, we reviewed the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) involved in the processes of formation of oxidative stress and inflammation in viral and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the coronavirus uses ACE2 receptors of the RAAS to penetrate human cells. The coronavirus infection can be the trigger for neurodegenerative diseases by dysfunction of the RAAS. Pharmabiotics, postbiotics, and next-generation probiotics, are considered as a means to prevent oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, neurodegenerative and viral diseases through gut microbiome regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Danilenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Devyatkin
- Central Clinical Hospital with a Polyclinic CMP RF, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariya Marsova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Rustem Ilyasov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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34
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Le N, Hufford TM, Park JS, Brewster RM. Differential expression and hypoxia-mediated regulation of the N-myc downstream regulated gene family. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21961. [PMID: 34665878 PMCID: PMC8573611 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100443r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many organisms rely on oxygen to generate cellular energy (adenosine triphosphate or ATP). During severe hypoxia, the production of ATP decreases, leading to cell damage or death. Conversely, excessive oxygen causes oxidative stress that is equally damaging to cells. To mitigate pathological outcomes, organisms have evolved mechanisms to adapt to fluctuations in oxygen levels. Zebrafish embryos are remarkably hypoxia-tolerant, surviving anoxia (zero oxygen) for hours in a hypometabolic, energy-conserving state. To begin to unravel underlying mechanisms, we analyze here the distribution of the N-myc Downstream Regulated Gene (ndrg) family, ndrg1-4, and their transcriptional response to hypoxia. These genes have been primarily studied in cancer cells and hence little is understood about their normal function and regulation. We show here using in situ hybridization that ndrgs are expressed in metabolically demanding organs of the zebrafish embryo, such as the brain, kidney, and heart. To investigate whether ndrgs are hypoxia-responsive, we exposed embryos to different durations and severity of hypoxia and analyzed transcript levels. We observed that ndrgs are differentially regulated by hypoxia and that ndrg1a has the most robust response, with a ninefold increase following prolonged anoxia. We further show that this treatment resulted in de novo expression of ndrg1a in tissues where the transcript is not observed under normoxic conditions and changes in Ndrg1a protein expression post-reoxygenation. These findings provide an entry point into understanding the role of this conserved gene family in the adaptation of normal cells to hypoxia and reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyet Le
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Timothy M. Hufford
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jong S. Park
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rachel M. Brewster
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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35
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Zeng S, Zhao Z, Zheng S, Wu M, Song X, Li Y, Zheng Y, Liu B, Chen L, Gao C, Liu H. The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM31 is involved in cerebral ischemic injury by promoting degradation of TIGAR. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102058. [PMID: 34218200 PMCID: PMC8260875 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) 31 has been implicated in diverse biological and pathological conditions. However, whether TRIM31 plays a role in ischemic stroke progression is not clarified. Here we demonstrated that TRIM31 was significantly downregulated in the ischemic brain and the deficiency of TRIM31 alleviated brain injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion by reducing reactive oxygen species production and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Mechanistically, we found that TRIM31 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), which confers protection against brain ischemia by increasing the pentose phosphate pathway flux and preserving mitochondria function. TRIM31 interacted with TIGAR and promoted the polyubiquitination of TIGAR, consequently facilitated its degradation in a proteasome-dependent pathway. Furthermore, TIGAR knockdown effectively abolished the protective effect of TRIM31 deficiency after cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, we identified that TRIM31 was a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase for TIGAR, played a critical role in regulating its protein level, and subsequently involved in the ischemic brain injury, suggesting TRIM31 as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Ze Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Shengnan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Mengting Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Yiquan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Bingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Huiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
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Park SJ, Kim DW, Lim SR, Sung J, Kim TH, Min IS, Choi CH, Lee SJ. Kaempferol Blocks the Skin Fibroblastic Interleukin 1β Expression and Cytotoxicity Induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate by Suppressing c-Jun N-terminal Kinase. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093079. [PMID: 34578957 PMCID: PMC8466288 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol, a bioflavonoid present in fruits and vegetables, has a variety of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities, but the functional role of kaempferol in oxidative skin dermal damage has yet to be well studied. In this study, we examine the role of kaempferol during the inflammation and cell death caused by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). TPA (5 μM) significantly induced cytotoxicity of NHDF, where a robust increase in the interleukin (IL)-1β mRNA among the various pro-inflammatory cytokines. The skin fibroblastic cytotoxicity and IL-1β expression induced by TPA were significantly ameliorated by a treatment with 100 nM of kaempferol. Kaempferol blocked the production of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) induced by TPA. Interestingly, we found that kaempferol inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the inhibitor NF-κB (IκBα), which are necessary for the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and the IL-1β secretion in TPA-treated NHDF. These results suggest that kaempferol is a functional agent that blocks the signaling cascade of the skin fibroblastic inflammatory response and cytotoxicity triggered by TPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ji Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea; (S.-J.P.); (D.-W.K.); (S.-R.L.)
| | - Do-Wan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea; (S.-J.P.); (D.-W.K.); (S.-R.L.)
| | - Seong-Ryeong Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea; (S.-J.P.); (D.-W.K.); (S.-R.L.)
| | - Junghee Sung
- Research Center, Reanzen Co., Ltd., Anyang 14056, Korea;
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- FoodyWorm Inc., Yancheongsongdae-gil 10, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Choenju-si 28118, Korea;
| | - In Sun Min
- Fragrance of the Moon, 23 Taepyeong-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41900, Korea;
| | - Chang-Hyung Choi
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea;
| | - Sei-Jung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea; (S.-J.P.); (D.-W.K.); (S.-R.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-54-819-1806
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Wiklund L, Sharma A, Patnaik R, Muresanu DF, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Sharma HS. Upregulation of hemeoxygenase enzymes HO-1 and HO-2 following ischemia-reperfusion injury in connection with experimental cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Neuroprotective effects of methylene blue. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 265:317-375. [PMID: 34560924 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in neuronal injuries after cardiac arrest. Increased production of carbon monoxide (CO) by the enzyme hemeoxygenase (HO) in the brain is induced by the oxidative stress. HO is present in the CNS in two isoforms, namely the inducible HO-1 and the constitutive HO-2. Elevated levels of serum HO-1 occurs in cardiac arrest patients and upregulation of HO-1 in cardiac arrest is seen in the neurons. However, the role of HO-2 in cardiac arrest is not well known. In this review involvement of HO-1 and HO-2 enzymes in the porcine brain following cardiac arrest and resuscitation is discussed based on our own observations. In addition, neuroprotective role of methylene blue- an antioxidant dye on alterations in HO under in cardiac arrest is also presented. The biochemical findings of HO-1 and HO-2 enzymes using ELISA were further confirmed by immunocytochemical approach to localize selective regional alterations in cardiac arrest. Our observations are the first to show that cardiac arrest followed by successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation results in significant alteration in cerebral concentrations of HO-1 and HO-2 levels indicating a prominent role of CO in brain pathology and methylene blue during CPR followed by induced hypothermia leading to superior neuroprotection after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Neuronal Death, Glial Reactivity, Microglia Activation, Oxidative Stress and Bioenergetics Impairment Caused by Intracerebroventricular Administration of D-2-hydroxyglutaric Acid to Neonatal Rats. Neuroscience 2021; 471:115-132. [PMID: 34333063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid (D-2-HG) accumulates and is the biochemical hallmark of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acidurias (D-2-HGA) types I and II, which comprehend two inherited neurometabolic diseases with severe cerebral abnormalities. Since the pathogenesis of these diseases is poorly established, we tested whether D-2-HG could be neurotoxic to neonatal rats. D-2-HG intracerebroventricular administration caused marked vacuolation in cerebral cortex and striatum. In addition, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) staining was increased in both brain structures, suggesting glial reactivity and microglial activation. D-2-HG also provoked a reduction of NeuN-positive cells in cerebral cortex, signaling neuronal death. Considering that disturbances in redox homeostasis and energy metabolism may be involved in neuronal damage and glial reactivity, we assessed whether D-2-HG could induce oxidative stress and bioenergetics impairment. D-2-HG treatment significantly augmented reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, provoked lipid peroxidation and protein oxidative damage, diminished glutathione concentrations and augmented superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in cerebral cortex. Increased reactive oxygen species generation, lipoperoxidation and protein oxidation were also found in striatum. Furthermore, the antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptor MK-801 and the antioxidant melatonin were able to prevent most of D-2-HG-induced pro-oxidant effects, implying the participation of these receptors in D-2-HG-elicited oxidative damage. Our results also demonstrated that D-2-HG markedly reduced the respiratory chain complex IV and creatine kinase activities. It is presumed that these deleterious pathomechanisms caused by D-2-HGA may be involved in the brain abnormalities characteristic of early-infantile onset D-2-HGA.
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Zhang L, Zhang L, Li Y, Li L, Melchiorsen JU, Rosenkilde M, Hölscher C. The Novel Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonist DA-CH5 Is Superior to Single GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in the MPTP Model of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 10:523-542. [PMID: 31958096 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease for which there is no cure. In a clinical trial, the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exendin-4 has shown good protective effects in PD patients. The hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) has also shown protective effects in animal models of PD. OBJECTIVE We tested DA-CH5, a novel dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist. METHODS DA-CH5 activity was tested on cells expressing GLP-1, GLP-2, GIP or glucagon receptors. The ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of DA-CH5, exendin-4, liraglutide or other dual receptor agonists was tested with fluorescein-labelled peptides. DA-CH5, exendin-4 and liraglutide were tested in the MPTP mouse model of PD. RESULTS Analysing the receptor activating properties showed a balanced activation of GLP-1 and GIP receptors while not activating GLP-2 or glucagon receptors. DA-CH5 crossed the BBB better than other single or other dual receptor agonists. In a dose-response comparison, DA-CH5 was more effective than the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4. When comparing the neuroprotective effect of DA-CH5 with Liraglutide, a GLP-1 analogue, both DA-CH5 and Liraglutide improved MPTP-induced motor impairments. In addition, the drugs reversed the decrease of the number of neurons expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the SN, alleviated chronic inflammation, reduced lipid peroxidation, inhibited the apoptosis pathway (TUNEL assay) and increased autophagy -related proteins expression in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum. Importantly, we found DA-CH5 was superior to Liraglutide in reducing microglia and astrocyte activation, improving mitochondrial activity by reducing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and normalising autophagy as found in abnormal expression of LC3 and p62. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that the DA-CH5 is superior to liraglutide and could be a therapeutic treatment for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shaoyang Medical College, Shaoyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | | | - Mette Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Department of Second Hospital Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.,Research and Experimental Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan province, PR China
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Villavicencio Tejo F, Quintanilla RA. Contribution of the Nrf2 Pathway on Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Failure in Parkinson and Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1069. [PMID: 34356302 PMCID: PMC8301100 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in human life expectancy has become a challenge to reduce the deleterious consequences of aging. Nowadays, an increasing number of the population suffer from age-associated neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These disorders present different signs of neurodegeneration such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Accumulative evidence suggests that the transcriptional factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) plays a vital defensive role orchestrating the antioxidant response in the brain. Nrf2 activation promotes the expression of several antioxidant enzymes that exert cytoprotective effects against oxidative damage and mitochondrial impairment. In this context, several studies have proposed a role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis of PD and AD. Thus, we consider it important to summarize the ongoing literature related to the effects of the Nrf2 pathway in the context of these diseases. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the mechanisms involved in Nrf2 activity and its connection with mitochondria, energy supply, and antioxidant response in the brain. Furthermore, we will lead our discussion to identify the participation of the Nrf2 pathway in mitochondrial impairment and neurodegeneration present in PD and AD. Finally, we will discuss the therapeutic effects that the Nrf2 pathway activation could have on the cognitive impairment, neurodegeneration, and mitochondrial failure present in PD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo A Quintanilla
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
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Gossypitrin, A Naturally Occurring Flavonoid, Attenuates Iron-Induced Neuronal and Mitochondrial Damage. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113364. [PMID: 34199597 PMCID: PMC8199700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption of iron homeostasis is an important factor in the loss of mitochondrial function in neural cells, leading to neurodegeneration. Here, we assessed the protective action of gossypitrin (Gos), a naturally occurring flavonoid, on iron-induced neuronal cell damage using mouse hippocampal HT-22 cells and mitochondria isolated from rat brains. Gos was able to rescue HT22 cells from the damage induced by 100 µM Fe(II)-citrate (EC50 8.6 µM). This protection was linked to the prevention of both iron-induced mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation and ATP depletion. In isolated mitochondria, Gos (50 µM) elicited an almost complete protection against iron-induced mitochondrial swelling, the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ATP depletion. Gos also prevented Fe(II)-citrate-induced mitochondrial lipid peroxidation with an IC50 value (12.45 µM) that was about nine time lower than that for the tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced oxidation. Furthermore, the flavonoid was effective in inhibiting the degradation of both 15 and 1.5 mM 2-deoxyribose. It also decreased Fe(II) concentration with time, while increasing O2 consumption rate, and impairing the reduction of Fe(III) by ascorbate. Gos-Fe(II) complexes were detected by UV-VIS and IR spectroscopies, with an apparent Gos-iron stoichiometry of 2:1. Results suggest that Gos does not generally act as a classical antioxidant, but it directly affects iron, by maintaining it in its ferric form after stimulating Fe(II) oxidation. Metal ions would therefore be unable to participate in a Fenton-type reaction and the lipid peroxidation propagation phase. Hence, Gos could be used to treat neuronal diseases associated with iron-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage.
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Ramírez-Sánchez J, Wong-Guerra M, Fonseca-Fonseca LA, Simões-Pires EN, García-Pupo L, Ochoa-Rodríguez E, Verdecia-Reyes Y, Delgado-Hernández R, Salbego C, Souza DO, Pardo-Andreu GL, Nuñez-Figueredo Y. Novel arylidene malonate derivative, KM-34, showed neuroprotective effects on in vitro and in vivo models of ischemia/reperfusion. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174025. [PMID: 33722590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia constitutes the most frequent type of cerebrovascular disease. The reduction of blood supply to the brain initiates the ischemic cascade starting from ionic imbalance to subsequent glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, eventually causing neuronal death. Previously, the authors have demonstrated the in vitro cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of a new arylidene malonate derivative, KM-34, against oxidizing agents like hydrogen peroxide, glutamate or Fe3+/ascorbate. Here, we examined for the first time the neuroprotective effect of KM-34 on ischemia/reperfusion models. In vitro, treatment with 10 and 50 μM KM-34 reduced the cellular death (propidium iodide incorporation) induced by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in rat organotypic hippocampal slices cultures. In vivo, stroke was induced in male Wistar rats through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by 23 h of reperfusion. KM-34 was orally administered 105 min after MCAO onset. We noticed that 1 mg/kg KM-34 reduced infarct volume and neurological score, and increased the latency to fall in the Hanging Wire test compared to vehicle-treated ischemic animals. While ischemic and sham-operated groups showed similar horizontal locomotor activity, vertical counts decreased after MCAO, suggesting that vertical movements are more sensitive to the ischemic injury. Treatment with KM-34 also alleviated the mitochondrial impairment (ROS generation, swelling and membrane potential dissipation) induced by transient MCAO but not significant alterations were found in oxidative stress parameters. Overall, the study provides preclinical evidences confirming the neuroprotective effects of a novel synthetic molecule and paved the way for future investigations regarding its therapeutic potential against brain ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeney Ramírez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Experimental, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, La Habana, 10600, Cuba.
| | - Maylin Wong-Guerra
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Experimental, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Luis Arturo Fonseca-Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Experimental, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Elisa Nicoloso Simões-Pires
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Laura García-Pupo
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Experimental, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Estael Ochoa-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, 10400, Cuba
| | - Yamila Verdecia-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, 10400, Cuba
| | - René Delgado-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Experimental, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, La Habana, 10600, Cuba; Guest professor at Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, 680003, Colombia
| | - Christianne Salbego
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, PPG em Bioquímica, PPG em Educação em Ciência, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, PPG em Bioquímica, PPG em Educação em Ciência, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Gilberto L Pardo-Andreu
- Centro de Estudio para las Investigaciones y Evaluaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos, La Habana, 13600, Cuba
| | - Yanier Nuñez-Figueredo
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Experimental, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, La Habana, 10600, Cuba
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Hidayat R, Wulandari P, Marchira CR, Pratiti B. Efficacof Cinnamon Extract (Cinnamomum burmannii) as Supplementation in Lir-psychotic-induced Rats through Oxidative Stress Regulation in Neuronal Cells. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.5977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cinnamon is a plant that is often found in Indonesia and is rich in secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and alkaloids. Flavonoids and phenols are very potential as natural antioxidants to suppress various oxidant activities, including oxidant activity that occurs in the hippocampus, which is the underlying psychotic disorder.
AIM: This study was aimed to explore the potential of cinnamon extract (CE) on psychotic symptoms.
METHODS: Cinnamon simplicia was obtained from the Research and Testing Center for Traditional Medicine, Tawangmangu, Central Java, Indonesia. The extraction of cinnamon was carried out using the maceration method. The animals were subjected to lir-psychotic induction by intraperitoneal injection with ketamine (30 mg/kg BW) for 5 days. The rats were grouped into six groups; each group contained five animals; normal control group, a lir-psychotic group without treatment, lir-psychotic group with haloperidol, lir-psychotic with CE (25 mg/kg BW, 50 mg/kg BW, and 100 mg/kg BW). Oxidative stress in experimental animals was measured by evaluating malondialdehyde (MDA) expression in the brain tissue using immunohistochemical tests.
RESULTS: There were differences in clinical symptoms of psychotic disorder in the animal model between before intervention with CE supplementation and after the intervention. The higher the CE dose administered, the better the improvement in psychotic symptoms seen in the psychotic-induced rats. CE supplementation could reduce MDA expression in the hippocampus. This suggests that there was an optimal significance of cinnamon supplementation in reducing oxidative stress from the hippocampus.
CONCLUSION: CE was effective in improving psychotic symptoms in lir-psychotic rats through regulation of oxidative stress in neuronal cells.
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Wang SD, Fu YY, Han XY, Yong ZJ, Li Q, Hu Z, Liu ZG. Hyperbaric Oxygen Preconditioning Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Energy Metabolism Disturbance. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:866-877. [PMID: 33453006 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is considered a safe and feasible method that to provide neuroprotection against ischemic stroke. However, the therapy mechanisms of HBO have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that the mechanism underlying the protective effect of HBO preconditioning (HBO-PC) against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was related to inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis and energy metabolism disorder. To test this hypothesis, an ischemic stroke model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. HBO-PC involved five consecutive days of pretreatment before MCAO. In additional experiments, X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) shRNA and NC plasmids were intraventricularly injected into rat brains after MCAO (2 h). After 24 h, all rats underwent motor function evaluation, which was assessed by modified Garcia scores. TTC staining for the cerebral infarct and cerebral edema, and TUNEL staining for cell apoptosis, were also analyzed. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidative enzymes in rat brains were detected, as well as mitochondrial complex enzyme activities, ATP levels, and Na+/K+ ATPase activity. Western blot was used to detect apoptotic proteins including Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, cyc-c, XIAP, and SMAC. HBO-PC remarkably reduced the infarct volume and improved neurological deficits. Furthermore, HBO-PC alleviated oxidative stress and regulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Moreover, HBO-PC inhibited the decrease in ATP levels, mitochondrial complex enzyme activities, and Na+/K+ ATPase activity to maintain stable energy metabolism. XIAP knockdown weakened the protective effect of HBO, whereas SMAC knockdown strengthened its protective effect. The effects of HBO-PC can be attributed to inhibition of ischemia/hypoxia-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and energy metabolism disturbance. The action of HBO-PC is related to the XIAP and SMAC signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Da Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Ying-Ying Fu
- Department of Emergency, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Yong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, China.
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Li M. The role of P53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) in ovarian development, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Apoptosis 2021; 26:235-247. [PMID: 33783663 PMCID: PMC8197724 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
P53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), a pro-apoptotic BCL-2 homology 3 (BH3)-only member of the BCL-2 family, is a direct transcriptional target of P53 that elicits mitochondrial apoptosis under treatment with radiation and chemotherapy. It also induces excessive apoptosis in cardiovascular and/or neurodegenerative diseases. PUMA has been found to play a critical role in ovarian apoptosis. In the present paper, we review the progress of the study in PUMA over the past two decades in terms of its inducement and/or amplification of programmed cell death and describe recent updates to the understanding of both P53-dependent and P53-independent PUMA-mediated apoptotic pathways that are implicated in physiology and pathology, including the development of the ovary and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. We propose that PUMA may be a key regulator during ovary development, provide a model for PUMA-mediated apoptotic pathways, including intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Targeting redox-altered plasticity to reactivate synaptic function: A novel therapeutic strategy for cognitive disorder. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:599-608. [PMID: 33777670 PMCID: PMC7982492 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox-altered plasticity refers to redox-dependent reversible changes in synaptic plasticity via altering functions of key proteins, such as N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Age-related cognitive disorders includes Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), and age-associated memory impairment (AAMI). Based on the critical role of NMDAR-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in memory, the increase of reactive oxygen species in cognitive disorders, and the sensitivity of NMDAR to the redox status, converging lines have suggested the redox-altered NMDAR-dependent plasticity might underlie the synaptic dysfunctions associated with cognitive disorders. In this review, we summarize the involvement of redox-altered plasticity in cognitive disorders by presenting the available evidence. According to reports from our laboratory and other groups, this "redox-altered plasticity" is more similar to functional changes rather than organic injuries, and strategies targeting redox-altered plasticity using pharmacological agents might reverse synaptic dysfunctions and memory abnormalities in the early stage of cognitive disorders. Targeting redox modifications for NMDARs may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for memory deficits.
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Key Words
- AAMI, age-associated memory impairment
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- AMPARs, α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptors
- CaMKII, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
- Cognitive disorder
- DG, dentate gyrus
- DS, Down syndrome
- DTNB, 5,5-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- EPSPs, excitatory postsynaptic potentials
- GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β
- Glu, glutamate
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HFS, high-frequency stimulation
- Hydrogen sulfide
- LFS, low-frequency stimulation
- LTD, long-term depression
- LTP, long-term potentiation
- Learning and memory
- Long-term potentiation
- MF, mossy fiber
- N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor
- NAC, N-acetyl cysteine
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NMDARs, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors
- NO, nitric oxide
- Oxidative stress
- PTM, posttranslational modification
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- SC, Schaffer collateral
- SNOC, S-nitrosocysteine
- Synaptic plasticity
- TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor A
- VD, vascular dementia
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Medeiros R, Sousa B, Rossi S, Afonso C, Bonino L, Pitt A, López E, Spickett C, Borthagaray G. Identification and relative quantification of 3-nitrotyrosine residues in fibrinogen nitrated in vitro and fibrinogen from ischemic stroke patient plasma using LC-MS/MS. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:334-347. [PMID: 33548450 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. This acute vascular event interferes with blood supply to the brain and induces a burst of free radicals such as nitric oxide and superoxide, producing peroxynitrite, a precursor of strong nitrating agents. Fibrinogen is one of the most abundant plasma proteins; it plays a role in the hemostatic system, mediating clot formation, which can be affected by nitrotyrosine formation. We hypothesized that nitration of fibrinogen by ONOOH and ONOOCO2- radical products could be one of the early events of the ischemic stroke, and protein-bound 3-nitrotyrosine could be a potential biomarker for diagnosis and/or prognosis of this condition. A targeted mass spectrometry approach was developed to analyze the nitration of fibrinogen and its association with ischemic stroke. First, a comprehensive mapping of 3-nitrotyrosine locations and their relative quantification was performed by LC-MS/MS, using in vitro nitrated fibrinogen samples. Twenty different 3-nitrotyrosine residues were identified on fibrinogen nitrated in vitro, varying with the peroxynitrite tofibrinogen molar ratio used. Nine tyrosine residues that were consistently modified at different treatment ratios were chosen to perform a targeted LC-MS/MS analysis in clinical samples. Enriched fibrinogen fractions from clinical samples from 24 ischemic stroke and 12 patients with non-inflammatory conditions were analysed with this method. Three of the nine tyrosine residues analysed (βY452, βY475 and γY380) showed a significant difference between the ischemic stroke and non-inflammatory disease groups. ROC curve analysis suggested an association of these residues either individually or in combination with ischemic stroke. Different tyrosine nitration patterns were also observed in fibrinogen modified in vitro and in vivo, suggesting differences in the nitration process in these situations. This is the first study showing a putative association between the nitration profile of specific tyrosine residues in human fibrinogen and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Medeiros
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Bebiana Sousa
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Silvina Rossi
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Catarina Afonso
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luis Bonino
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrew Pitt
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester. M1 7DN, UK
| | - Elizabeth López
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Corinne Spickett
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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48
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Chaudhry ZL, Klenja D, Janjua N, Cami-Kobeci G, Ahmed BY. COVID-19 and Parkinson's Disease: Shared Inflammatory Pathways Under Oxidative Stress. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110807. [PMID: 33142819 PMCID: PMC7693814 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current coronavirus pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a serious global health crisis. It is a major concern for individuals living with chronic disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Increasing evidence suggests an involvement of oxidative stress and contribution of NFκB in the development of both COVID-19 and PD. Although, it is early to identify if SARS-CoV-2 led infection enhances PD complications, it is likely that oxidative stress may exacerbate PD progression in COVID-19 affected individuals and/or vice versa. In the current study, we sought to investigate whether NFκB-associated inflammatory pathways following oxidative stress in SARS-CoV-2 and PD patients are correlated. Toward this goal, we have integrated bioinformatics analysis obtained from Basic Local Alignment Search Tool of Protein Database (BLASTP) search for similarities of SARS-CoV-2 proteins against human proteome, literature review, and laboratory data obtained in a human cell model of PD. A Parkinson’s like state was created in 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA)-induced differentiated dopamine-containing neurons (dDCNs) obtained from an immortalized human neural progenitor cell line derived from the ventral mesencephalon region of the brain (ReNVM). The results indicated that SARS-CoV-2 infection and 6OHDA-induced toxicity triggered stimulation of caspases-2, -3 and -8 via the NFκB pathway resulting in the death of dDCNs. Furthermore, specific inhibitors for NFκB and studied caspases reduced the death of stressed dDCNs. The findings suggest that knowledge of the selective inhibition of caspases and NFκB activation may contribute to the development of potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of COVID-19 and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahara L. Chaudhry
- Institute of Biomedical & Environmental Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Creative Arts, Technologies & Science, University Square, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK; (Z.L.C.); (G.C.-K.)
| | - Donika Klenja
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK;
| | - Najma Janjua
- Faculty of Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan;
| | - Gerta Cami-Kobeci
- Institute of Biomedical & Environmental Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Creative Arts, Technologies & Science, University Square, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK; (Z.L.C.); (G.C.-K.)
| | - Bushra Y. Ahmed
- Institute of Biomedical & Environmental Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Creative Arts, Technologies & Science, University Square, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK; (Z.L.C.); (G.C.-K.)
- Correspondence:
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49
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Sadegh Malvajerd S, Izadi Z, Azadi A, Kurd M, Derakhshankhah H, Sharifzadeh M, Akbari Javar H, Hamidi M. Neuroprotective Potential of Curcumin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Behavioral and Biochemical Evidence. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:671-686. [PMID: 31156160 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and is caused by accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and is associated with neurological abnormalities in learning and memory. The protective role of curcumin on nerve cells, along with a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity, has been widely studied. However, its low bioavailability and limited transport ability across the blood-brain barrier are two major drawbacks of its application in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases. The present study was designed to improve the effectiveness of curcumin in the treatment of Aβ-induced cognitive deficiencies in a rat model of AD by loading it into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). The accumulation rate of curcumin (505.76±38.4 ng/g-1 h) in rat brain, as well as its serum levels, were significantly increased by using curcumin-loaded NLCs. The effective role of NLCs for brain delivery of curcumin was confirmed by reduced oxidative stress parameters (ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, and ADP/ATP ratio) in the hippocampal tissue and improvement of spatial memory. Also, histopathological studies revealed the potential of Cur-NLCs in decreasing the hallmarks of Aβ in AD in the animal model. The result of studying the neuroprotective potential of Cur-NLC in both pre-treatment and treatment modes showed that loading curcumin in NLCs is an effective strategy for increasing curcumin delivery to the brain and reducing Aβ-induced neurological abnormalities and memory defects and that it can be the basis for further studies in the area of AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroor Sadegh Malvajerd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhila Izadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Azadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kurd
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Derakhshankhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Akbari Javar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tehran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hamidi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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50
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Chen D, Zhang T, Lee TH. Cellular Mechanisms of Melatonin: Insight from Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081158. [PMID: 32784556 PMCID: PMC7464852 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are the second most common cause of death and characterized by progressive impairments in movement or mental functioning in the central or peripheral nervous system. The prevention of neurodegenerative disorders has become an emerging public health challenge for our society. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, has various physiological functions in the brain, including regulating circadian rhythms, clearing free radicals, inhibiting biomolecular oxidation, and suppressing neuroinflammation. Cumulative evidence indicates that melatonin has a wide range of neuroprotective roles by regulating pathophysiological mechanisms and signaling pathways. Moreover, melatonin levels are decreased in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the regulation, molecular mechanisms and biological functions of melatonin in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, vascular dementia and multiple sclerosis. We also discuss the clinical application of melatonin in neurodegenerative disorders. This information will lead to a better understanding of the regulation of melatonin in the brain and provide therapeutic options for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (T.H.L.); Tel.: +86-591-2286-2498 (D.C.); +86-591-2286-2498 (T.H.L.)
| | | | - Tae Ho Lee
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (T.H.L.); Tel.: +86-591-2286-2498 (D.C.); +86-591-2286-2498 (T.H.L.)
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