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Li YL, Zhang YY, Song QX, Liu F, Liu YJ, Li YK, Zhou C, Shen JF. N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Subunits 2A and 2B Mediate Connexins and Pannexins in the Trigeminal Ganglion Involved in Orofacial Inflammatory Allodynia during Temporomandibular Joint Inflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04291-5. [PMID: 38976127 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a severe form of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), and orofacial inflammatory allodynia is one of its common symptoms which lacks effective treatment. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), particularly its subtypes GluN2A and GluN2B, along with gap junctions (GJs), are key players in the mediation of inflammatory pain. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms of GluN2A, GluN2B, and GJs in orofacial inflammatory allodynia during TMJ inflammation still remain unclear. Here, we established the TMJ inflammation model by injecting Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the TMJ and used Cre/loxp site-specific recombination system to conditionally knock out (CKO) GluN2A and GluN2B in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Von-frey test results indicated that CFA-induced mechanical allodynia in the TMJ region was relieved in GluN2A and GluN2B deficient mice. In vivo, CFA significantly up-regulated the expression of GluN2A and GluN2B, Gjb1, Gjb2, Gjc2 and Panx3 in the TG, and GluN2A and GluN2B CKO played different roles in mediating the expression of Gjb1, Gjb2, Gjc2 and Panx3. In vitro, NMDA up-regulated the expression of Gjb1, Gjb2, Gjc2 and Panx3 in satellite glial cells (SGCs) as well as promoted the intercellular communication between SGCs, and GluN2A and GluN2B knocking down (KD) altered the expression and function differently. NMDAR regulated Gjb1 and Panx3 through ERK1/2 pathway, and mediated Gjb2 and Gjc2 through MAPK, PKA, and PKC intracellular signaling pathways. These findings shed light on the distinct functions of GluN2A and GluN2B in mediating peripheral sensitization induced by TMJ inflammation in the TG, offering potential therapeutic targets for managing orofacial inflammatory allodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology &, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease& West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology &, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease& West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qin-Xuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology &, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease& West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology &, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease& West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ya-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology &, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease& West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi-Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology &, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease& West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie-Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology &, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease& West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Kim JH, Michiko N, Choi IS, Kim Y, Jeong JY, Lee MG, Jang IS, Suk K. Aberrant activation of hippocampal astrocytes causes neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in mice. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002687. [PMID: 38991663 PMCID: PMC11239238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes are associated with neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in diverse neuropathologies; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We used optogenetic and chemogenetic tools to identify the crucial roles of the hippocampal CA1 astrocytes in cognitive decline. Our results showed that repeated optogenetic stimulation of the hippocampal CA1 astrocytes induced cognitive impairment in mice and decreased synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP), which was accompanied by the appearance of inflammatory astrocytes. Mechanistic studies conducted using knockout animal models and hippocampal neuronal cultures showed that lipocalin-2 (LCN2), derived from reactive astrocytes, mediated neuroinflammation and induced cognitive impairment by decreasing the LTP through the reduction of neuronal NMDA receptors. Sustained chemogenetic stimulation of hippocampal astrocytes provided similar results. Conversely, these phenomena were attenuated by a metabolic inhibitor of astrocytes. Fiber photometry using GCaMP revealed a high level of hippocampal astrocyte activation in the neuroinflammation model. Our findings suggest that reactive astrocytes in the hippocampus are sufficient and required to induce cognitive decline through LCN2 release and synaptic modulation. This abnormal glial-neuron interaction may contribute to the pathogenesis of cognitive disturbances in neuroinflammation-associated brain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakamura Michiko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Maan-Gee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Sung Jang
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Liu XD, Jin T, Tao Y, Zhang M, Zheng HL, Liu QQ, Yang KH, Wei RN, Li SY, Huang Y, Xue ZY, Hao LY, Wang QH, Yang L, Lin FQ, Shen W, Tao YX, Wang HJ, Cao JL, Pan ZQ. DHX9/DNA-tandem repeat-dependent downregulation of ciRNA-Fmn1 in the dorsal horn is required for neuropathic pain. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1748-1767. [PMID: 37095197 PMCID: PMC10462628 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (ciRNAs) are emerging as new players in the regulation of gene expression. However, how ciRNAs are involved in neuropathic pain is poorly understood. Here, we identify the nervous-tissue-specific ciRNA-Fmn1 and report that changes in ciRNA-Fmn1 expression in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons play a key role in neuropathic pain after nerve injury. ciRNA-Fmn1 was significantly downregulated in ipsilateral dorsal horn neurons after peripheral nerve injury, at least in part because of a decrease in DNA helicase 9 (DHX9), which regulates production of ciRNA-Fmn1 by binding to DNA-tandem repeats. Blocking ciRNA-Fmn1 downregulation reversed nerve-injury-induced reductions in both the binding of ciRNA-Fmn1 to the ubiquitin ligase UBR5 and the level of ubiquitination of albumin (ALB), thereby abrogating the nerve-injury-induced increase of ALB expression in the dorsal horn and attenuating the associated pain hypersensitivities. Conversely, mimicking downregulation of ciRNA-Fmn1 in naïve mice reduced the UBR5-controlled ubiquitination of ALB, leading to increased expression of ALB in the dorsal horn and induction of neuropathic-pain-like behaviors in naïve mice. Thus, ciRNA-Fmn1 downregulation caused by changes in binding of DHX9 to DNA-tandem repeats contributes to the genesis of neuropathic pain by negatively modulating UBR5-controlled ALB expression in the dorsal horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Tong Jin
- Department of Pain, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yang Tao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Hong-Li Zheng
- Department of Pain, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Ke-Hui Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Ru-Na Wei
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Si-Yuan Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Zhou-Ya Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yancheng Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, 224001, China
| | - Ling-Yun Hao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Qi-Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Li Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Fu-Qing Lin
- Department of Pain, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Pain, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Hong-Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Jun-Li Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Pan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
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Kim K, Nan G, Kim L, Kwon M, Lee KH, Cha M, Lee BH. Insular cortex stimulation alleviates neuropathic pain via ERK phosphorylation in neurons. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1636-1648. [PMID: 36806498 PMCID: PMC10173725 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The clinical use of brain stimulation is attractive for patients who have side effects or tolerance. However, studies on insular cortex (IC) stimulation are lacking in neuropathic pain. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of IC stimulation (ICS) on neuropathic pain and to determine how ICS modulates pain. METHODS Changes in pain behaviors were observed following ICS with various parameters in neuropathic rats. Western blotting was performed to assess molecular changes in the expression levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK), neurons, astrocytes, and microglia between experimental groups. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the colocalization of pERK with different cell types. RESULTS The most effective pain-relieving effect was induced at 50 Hz-120 μA in single trial of ICS and it maintained 4 days longer after the termination of repetitive ICS. The expression levels of pERK, astrocytes, and microglia were increased in neuropathic rats. However, after ICS, the expression levels of pERK were decreased, and colocalization of pERK and neurons was reduced in layers 2-3 of the IC. CONCLUSION These results indicated that ICS attenuated neuropathic pain by the regulation of pERK in neurons located in layers 2-3 of the IC. This preclinical study may enhance the potential use of ICS and identify the therapeutic mechanisms of ICS in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongmin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Guanghai Nan
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Leejeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjee Kwon
- Department of Nursing, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Division of Health Science, Dongseo University, Busan, Korea
| | - Myeounghoon Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zhao B, Fu J, Ni H, Xu L, Xu C, He Q, Ni C, Wang Y, Kuang J, Tang M, Shou Q, Yao M. Catalpol ameliorates CFA-induced inflammatory pain by targeting spinal cord and peripheral inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1010483. [PMID: 36353492 PMCID: PMC9637921 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1010483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic, inflammatory pain is an international health concern that severely diminishes individuals' quality of life. Catalpol is an iridoid glycoside derived from the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa that possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties for the treating multiple kinds of disorders. Nevertheless, catalpol's impacts on inflammatory pain and its potential methods of action are still unclear. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the mechanism of catalpol to reduce the inflammatory pain behaviors in a rat model with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Catwalk, Von-Frey, and open field testing were performed for behavioral assessment. Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) were employed to identify variations in molecular expression, while immunofluorescence was utilized to identify cellular localization. Catalpol effectively reduced CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia when injected intrathecally. Moreover, catalpol can regulate the HDAC4/PPAR-γ-signaling pathway in CFA rat spinal cord neurons. Meanwhile catalpol significantly decreased the expression of the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory axis in the spinal cord of CFA rats. In addition, both in vivo and in vitro research revealed that catalpol treatment inhibited astrocyte activation and increase inflammatory factor expression. Interestingly, we also found that catalpol could alleviate peripheral pain by inhibiting tissue inflammation. Taken together, the findings declared that catalpol may inhibit inflammatory pain in CFA rats by targeting spinal cord and peripheral inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxia Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jie Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Huadong Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Longsheng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Chengfei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Qiuli He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Chaobo Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jiao Kuang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Mengjie Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Qiyang Shou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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Siddiqui A, He C, Lee G, Figueroa A, Slaughter A, Robinson-Papp J. Neuropathogenesis of HIV and emerging therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:603-615. [PMID: 35815686 PMCID: PMC9887458 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HIV infection causes a wide range of neurological complications, many of which are among the most common complications of chronic HIV infection in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy. These neurological conditions arise due to complex interactions between HIV viral proteins and neuronal and glial cells that lead to the activation of various inflammatory and neurotoxic pathways across the nervous system. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the current literature on the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of neurological injuries associated with HIV in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. Molecular pathways relevant for possible therapeutic targets or advancements are emphasized. Gaps in knowledge and current challenges in therapeutic design are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Several challenges exist in the development of therapeutic targets for HIV-associated cognitive impairments. However, recent developments in drug delivery systems and treatment strategies are encouraging. Treatments for HIV-associated pain and peripheral sensory neuropathies currently consist of symptomatic management, but a greater understanding of their pathogenesis can lead to the development of targeted molecular therapies and disease-modifying therapies. HIV-associated autonomic dysfunction may affect the course of systemic disease via disrupted neuro-immune interactions; however, more research is needed to facilitate our understanding of how these processes present clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Siddiqui
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, New York City, NY, 10029 USA
| | - Celestine He
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, New York City, NY, 10029 USA
| | - Gina Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, New York City, NY, 10029 USA
| | - Alex Figueroa
- University of Texas at Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, 75390 USA
| | - Alexander Slaughter
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, New York City, NY, 10029 USA
| | - Jessica Robinson-Papp
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, New York City, NY, 10029 USA
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Yang Y, Chen Z, Hu R, Sun Y, Xiang Lv, Yan J, Jiang H. Activation of the spinal EGFR signaling pathway in a rat model of cancer-induced bone pain with morphine tolerance. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108703. [PMID: 34260958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is considered to be one of the most difficult pain conditions to treat. Morphine, an analgesic drug, is widely used in clinical practice, and long-term use of morphine can lead to drug tolerance. Recent reports have suggested that inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) may have analgesic effects in cancer patients suffering from pain. Therefore, we sought to determine whether EGFR signaling was involved in morphine tolerance (MT) in a rat model of cancer-induced bone pain. In this study, Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cells were inoculated into the tibias of rats to provoke cancer-induced bone pain. Then, morphine was intrathecally administered twice daily for seven consecutive days to induce drug tolerance. We observed sustained increased in the protein levels of EGFR, p-EGFR, ERK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 during the development of morphine tolerance in rats with cancer-induced bone pain by western blotting. The EGFR level was significantly increased in the MT and CIBP + MT groups, and EGFR was colocalized with markers of microglia and neurons in the spinal cords of rats. Inhibition of EGFR by a small molecule inhibitor markedly attenuated the degree of morphine tolerance and decreased the number of microglia, and the protein levels of EGFR, p-EGFR, ERK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 were also reduced. In summary, our results suggest that the activation of the EGFR signaling pathway in spinal microglia plays an important modulatory role in the development of morphine tolerance and that inhibition of EGFR may provide a new therapeutic option for cancer-induced bone pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiang Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jia Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, PR China.
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Honjo Y, Fujita Y, Niwa H, Yamashita T. Increased expression of Netrin-4 is associated with allodynia in a trigeminal neuropathic pain model rats by infraorbital nerve injury. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251013. [PMID: 33914819 PMCID: PMC8084253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain refers to pain caused by lesions or diseases of the somatosensory nervous system that is characteristically different from nociceptive pain. Moreover, neuropathic pain occurs in the maxillofacial region due to various factors and is treated using tricyclic antidepressants and nerve block therapy; however, some cases do not fully recover. Netrin is a secreted protein crucially involved in neural circuit formation during development, including cell migration, cell death, neurite formation, and synapse formation. Recent studies show Netrin-4 expressed in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord is associated with chronic pain. Here we found involvement of Netrin-4 in neuropathic pain in the maxillofacial region. Netrin-4, along with one of its receptors, Unc5B, are expressed in the caudal subnucleus of the trigeminal spinal tract nucleus. Inhibition of its binding by anti-Netrin-4 antibodies not only shows a behavioral analgesic effect but also neuronal activity suppression. There was increased Netrin-4 expression at 14 days after infraorbital nerve injury. Our findings suggest that Netrin-4 induced by peripheral nerve injury causes neuropathic pain via Unc5B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Honjo
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Niwa
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Osaka University, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Cheng G, Zhao W, Xin Y, Huang G, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhan M, Li Y, Lu L, van Leyen K, Liu Y. Effects of ML351 and tissue plasminogen activator combination therapy in a rat model of focal embolic stroke. J Neurochem 2021; 157:586-598. [PMID: 33481248 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Thrombolytic stroke therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is limited by risks of hemorrhagic transformation (HT). We have reported that a new 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) inhibitor ML351 reduced tPA related HT in mice subjected to experimental stroke under anticoagulation. In this study, we asked whether ML351 can ameliorate tPA induced HT in an embolic stroke model. Rats were subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion with 2 or 3 hr ischemia and tPA infusion, with or without ML351. Regional cerebral blood flow was monitored 2 hr after ischemia and continuously monitored for 1 hr after treatment for determining reperfusion. Hemoglobin was determined in brain homogenates and infarct volume was quantified at 24 hr after stroke.12/15-LOX, cluster of differentiation 68(CD68), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and tight junction proteins expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. ML351 significantly reduced tPA related hemorrhage after stroke without affecting its thrombolytic efficacy. ML351 also reduced blood-brain barrier disruption and improved preservation of junction proteins. ML351 and tPA combination improved neurological deficit of rats even though ML351 did not further reduce the infarct volume compared to tPA alone treated animals. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were suppressed by ML351 both in vivo and in vitro experiments. We further showed that ML351 suppressed the expression of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) in brains and microglia cultures, whereas exogenous 12-HETE attenuated this effect in vitro. In conclusion, ML351 and tPA combination therapy is beneficial in ameliorating HT after ischemic stroke. This protective effect is probably because of 12/15-LOX inhibition and suppression of JNK-mediated microglia/macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsen Cheng
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yongjie Xin
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guomin Huang
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yongkang Liu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhongliang Li
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yong Li
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Klaus van Leyen
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
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Redondo A, Riego G, Pol O. The Antinociceptive, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 5-Fluoro-2-Oxindole during Inflammatory Pain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121249. [PMID: 33316895 PMCID: PMC7763029 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that 5-fluoro-2-oxindole inhibits neuropathic pain but the antinociceptive actions of this drug and its effects on the plasticity, oxidative and inflammatory changes induced by peripheral inflammation as well as on the effects and expression of µ-opioid receptors (MOR) have not been evaluated. In C57BL/6 male mice with inflammatory pain provoked by the subplantar administration of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), we evaluated: (1) the antinociceptive actions of 5-fluoro-2-oxindole and its reversion with the HO-1 inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP); (2) the effects of 5-fluoro-2-oxindole in the protein levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Nrf2, NADPH quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), oxidative stress marker (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; 4-HNE), inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), microglial markers (CD11b/c and IBA-1), and MOR in the spinal cord and/or paw of animals with inflammatory pain; (3) the antinociceptive effects of morphine in 5-fluoro-2-oxindole pre-treated animals. Treatment with 5 and 10 mg/kg of 5-fluoro-2-oxindole inhibited the allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by CFA in a different, time-dependent manner. These effects were reversed by SnPP. Treatment with 5-fluoro-2-oxindole increased the expression of NQO1, HO-1 and MOR and inhibited the CFA-induced upregulation of phosphorylated MAPK, 4-HNE, NOS2, CD11b/c and IBA-1 in spinal cords and/or paws. The local effects of morphine were improved with 5-fluoro-2-oxindole. This work reveals that 5-fluoro-2-oxindole inhibits the plasticity, oxidative and inflammatory responses provoked by peripheral inflammation and potentiates the antinociceptive effects of morphine. Thus, treatment with 5-fluoro-2-oxindole alone and/or combined with morphine are two remarkable new procedures for chronic inflammatory pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Redondo
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.R.); (G.R.)
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriela Riego
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.R.); (G.R.)
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Pol
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.R.); (G.R.)
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-619-757-054
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11
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Peirs C, Williams SPG, Zhao X, Arokiaraj CM, Ferreira DW, Noh MC, Smith KM, Halder P, Corrigan KA, Gedeon JY, Lee SJ, Gatto G, Chi D, Ross SE, Goulding M, Seal RP. Mechanical Allodynia Circuitry in the Dorsal Horn Is Defined by the Nature of the Injury. Neuron 2020; 109:73-90.e7. [PMID: 33181066 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The spinal dorsal horn is a major site for the induction and maintenance of mechanical allodynia, but the circuitry that underlies this clinically important form of pain remains unclear. The studies presented here provide strong evidence that the neural circuits conveying mechanical allodynia in the dorsal horn differ by the nature of the injury. Calretinin (CR) neurons in lamina II inner convey mechanical allodynia induced by inflammatory injuries, while protein kinase C gamma (PKCγ) neurons at the lamina II/III border convey mechanical allodynia induced by neuropathic injuries. Cholecystokinin (CCK) neurons located deeper within the dorsal horn (laminae III-IV) are important for both types of injuries. Interestingly, the Maf+ subset of CCK neurons is composed of transient vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (tVGLUT3) neurons, which convey primarily dynamic allodynia. Identification of an etiology-based circuitry for mechanical allodynia in the dorsal horn has important implications for the mechanistic and clinical understanding of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Peirs
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Sean-Paul G Williams
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Cynthia M Arokiaraj
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - David W Ferreira
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Myung-Chul Noh
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Kelly M Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Priyabrata Halder
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Kelly A Corrigan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jeremy Y Gedeon
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Suh Jin Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Graziana Gatto
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David Chi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Sarah E Ross
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Martyn Goulding
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca P Seal
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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12
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Peirs C, Dallel R, Todd AJ. Recent advances in our understanding of the organization of dorsal horn neuron populations and their contribution to cutaneous mechanical allodynia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:505-525. [PMID: 32239353 PMCID: PMC7148279 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dorsal horns of the spinal cord and the trigeminal nuclei in the brainstem contain neuron populations that are critical to process sensory information. Neurons in these areas are highly heterogeneous in their morphology, molecular phenotype and intrinsic properties, making it difficult to identify functionally distinct cell populations, and to determine how these are engaged in pathophysiological conditions. There is a growing consensus concerning the classification of neuron populations, based on transcriptomic and transductomic analyses of the dorsal horn. These approaches have led to the discovery of several molecularly defined cell types that have been implicated in cutaneous mechanical allodynia, a highly prevalent and difficult-to-treat symptom of chronic pain, in which touch becomes painful. The main objective of this review is to provide a contemporary view of dorsal horn neuronal populations, and describe recent advances in our understanding of on how they participate in cutaneous mechanical allodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Peirs
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Radhouane Dallel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Andrew J Todd
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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Zhang YY, Song N, Liu F, Lin J, Liu MK, Huang CL, Liao DQ, Zhou C, Wang H, Shen JF. Activation of the RAS/B-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway in satellite glial cells contributes to substance p-mediated orofacial pain. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:2205-2218. [PMID: 31705725 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cross talk between trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs) is crucial for the regulation of inflammatory orofacial pain. Substance P (SP) plays an important role by activating neurokinin (NK)-I receptors in this cross talk. The activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) in neurons and SGCs of peripheral ganglions by peripheral inflammation is associated with inflammatory hypersensitivity. This study tested the hypothesis that SP evoked SP-NK-I receptor positive feedback via the Renin-Angiotensin System/B-Protein Kinase A-Rapidly Accelerates Fibrosarcoma-MEK-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (RAS/PKA-RAF-MEK-ERK) pathway, which is involved in pain hypersensitivity. Inflammatory models were induced in vivo by injecting Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the whisker pad of rats. SP was administrated to SGCs in vitro for investigating, whether SP regulates the expression of NK-I receptor in the SGC nucleus. The effects of RAS-RAF-MEK, PKA and PKC pathways in this process were measured by co-incubating SGCs with respective Raf, PKA, PKC and MEK inhibitors in vitro and by pre-injecting these inhibitors into the TG in vivo. SP significantly upregulated NK-I receptor, p-ERK1/2, Ras, B-Raf, PKA and PKC in SGCs under inflammatory conditions. In addition, L703,606 (NK-I receptor antagonist), U0126 (MEK inhibitor), Sorafenib (Raf inhibitor) and H892HCL (PKA inhibitor) but not chelerythrine chloride (PKC inhibitor) significantly decreased NK-I mRNA and protein levels induced by SP. The allodynia-related behavior evoked by CFA was inhibited by pre-injection of L703,606, U0126, Sorafenib and H892HCL into the TG. Overall, SP upregulates NK-I receptor in TG SGCs via PKA/RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway activation, contributing to a positive feedback of SP-NK-I receptor in inflammatory orofacial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao-Lan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Da-Qing Liao
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie-Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Liu X, Tonello R, Ling Y, Gao YJ, Berta T. Paclitaxel-activated astrocytes produce mechanical allodynia in mice by releasing tumor necrosis factor-α and stromal-derived cell factor 1. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:209. [PMID: 31707979 PMCID: PMC6842526 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paclitaxel is a widely used and potent chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer. However, patients receiving paclitaxel often develop an acute pain syndrome for which there are few treatment options. Astrocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of pain in multiple preclinical models, as well as in paclitaxel-treated rodents. However, it is still unclear what the exact contribution of astrocytes may be in paclitaxel-associated acute pain syndrome (P-APS). METHODS P-APS was modeled by a single systemic or intrathecal injection of paclitaxel and astrocyte contribution tested by immunohistochemical, pharmacological, and behavioral approaches. Cell cultures were also prepared to assess whether paclitaxel treatment directly activates astrocytes and whether intrathecal injection of paclitaxel-treated astrocytes produces pain that is reminiscent of P-APS. RESULTS Systemic injection of paclitaxel resulted in increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (a common marker of astrocytic activation), as well as both systemic or intrathecal injection of paclitaxel induced pain hypersensitivity indicated by the development of mechanical allodynia, which was significantly reversed by the astrocytic inhibitor L-α-AA. Cultured astrocytes were activated by paclitaxel with significant increases in protein levels for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and stromal-derived cell factor 1 (SDF-1). Importantly, intrathecal injection of paclitaxel-activated astrocytes produced mechanical allodynia that was reversed by TNF-α and SDF-1 neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSION Our results suggest for the first time that paclitaxel can directly activate astrocytes, which are sufficient to produce acute pain by releasing TNF-α and SDF-1. Targeting astrocytes and these cytokines may offer new treatments for P-APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu China
| | - Raquel Tonello
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Yuejuan Ling
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Institute of Pain Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu China
| | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Institute of Pain Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu China
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu China
| | - Temugin Berta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
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15
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Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in satellite glial cells of the trigeminal ganglion contributes to substance P-mediated inflammatory pain. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:24. [PMID: 31501412 PMCID: PMC6802677 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory orofacial pain, in which substance P (SP) plays an important role, is closely related to the cross-talk between trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs). SGC activation is emerging as the key mechanism underlying inflammatory pain through different signalling mechanisms, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) activation, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways, and cytokine upregulation. However, in the TG, the mechanism underlying SP-mediated orofacial pain generated by SGCs is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether SP is involved in inflammatory orofacial pain by upregulating interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α from SGCs, and we explored whether MAPK signalling pathways mediate the pain process. In the present study, complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) was injected into the whisker pad of rats to induce an inflammatory model in vivo. SP was administered to SGC cultures in vitro to confirm the effect of SP. Facial expression analysis showed that pre-injection of L703,606 (an NK-1 receptor antagonist), U0126 (an inhibitor of MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK] kinase [MEK] 1/2), and SB203580 (an inhibitor of P38) into the TG to induce targeted prevention of the activation of the NK-1 receptor and the phosphorylation of MAPKs significantly suppressed CFA-induced inflammatory allodynia. In addition, SP promoted SGC activation, which was proven by increased GFAP, p-MAPKs, IL-1β and TNF-α in SGCs under inflammatory conditions. Moreover, the increase in IL-1β and TNF-α was suppressed by L703, 606, U0126 and SB203580 in vivo and in vitro. These present findings suggested that SP, released from TG neurons, activated SGCs through the ERK1/2 and P38 pathways and promoted the production of IL-1β and TNF-α from SGCs, contributing to inflammatory orofacial pain associated with peripheral sensitization.
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16
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Feehan AK, Zadina JE. Morphine immunomodulation prolongs inflammatory and postoperative pain while the novel analgesic ZH853 accelerates recovery and protects against latent sensitization. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:100. [PMID: 31109346 PMCID: PMC6528320 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have identified the proinflammatory, pronociceptive effects of morphine which ultimately exacerbate pain. Our novel endomorphin analog ZH853 does not produce proinflammatory effects on its own and gives potent, long-lasting analgesia. This study investigates whether ZH853’s lack of interaction with the neuroimmune system reduces the risk of prolonged pain. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to one of two treatment paradigms. Either (1) chronic pain followed by chronic treatment with morphine, ZH853 or vehicle, or (2) chronic drug administered prior to pain induction. Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) was injected or paw incision surgery was performed on the left hind plantar foot pad. Drugs were administered through Alzet osmotic minipumps at a rate of 1 μl/h for 5 days at appropriate doses based on prior experiments. Animals were tested for mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia using von Frey filaments and the Hargreaves apparatus, respectively. Additionally, several gait parameters were measured using the CatWalk XT. When all animals had recovered from pain, 1 mg/kg of naltrexone was administered to test for development of latent sensitization (LS). A second set of animals was used to investigate dorsal horn inflammation following CFA and drug treatment. ANOVAs were used to assess differences between drug treatment groups. Results As expected, morphine increased and prolonged pain in all experiments compared to vehicle treatment. However, ZH853 treatment reduced the overall time spent in pain and the severity of pain scores compared to morphine. ZH853 not only reduced inflammation versus morphine treatment but also, in some instances, acted as an anti-inflammatory drug compared to vehicle treatment. Finally, ZH853 prevented the development of LS while vehicle- and morphine-treated animals showed robust relapse to pain. Conclusions ZH853 has a favorable side effect profile versus morphine and provides superior analgesia in a number of pain states. We now know that chronic use of this compound reduces time spent in a chronic pain state, the opposite of common opioids like morphine, and reduces the risk of LS, making ZH853 an excellent candidate for clinical development in humans for inflammatory and postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Feehan
- Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - James E Zadina
- SE LA Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. .,Dept. of Medicine, Neuroscience Lab #8516, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Fingolimod reduces neuropathic pain behaviors in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis by a sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 1-dependent inhibition of central sensitization in the dorsal horn. Pain 2019; 159:224-238. [PMID: 29140922 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-inflammatory neurodegenerative disease that is often accompanied by a debilitating neuropathic pain. Disease-modifying agents slow down the progression of multiple sclerosis and prevent relapses, yet it remains unclear if they yield analgesia. We explored the analgesic potential of fingolimod (FTY720), an agonist and/or functional antagonist at the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), because it reduces hyperalgesia in models of peripheral inflammatory and neuropathic pain. We used a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35 to 55 (MOG35-55) mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, modified to avoid frank paralysis, and thus, allow for assessment of withdrawal behaviors to somatosensory stimuli. Daily intraperitoneal fingolimod reduced behavioral signs of central neuropathic pain (mechanical and cold hypersensitivity) in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. Both autoimmune encephalomyelitis and fingolimod changed hyperalgesia before modifying motor function, suggesting that pain-related effects and clinical neurological deficits were modulated independently. Fingolimod also reduced cellular markers of central sensitization of neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord: glutamate-evoked Ca signaling and stimulus-evoked phospho-extracellular signal-related kinase ERK (pERK) expression, as well as upregulation of astrocytes (GFAP) and macrophage/microglia (Iba1) immunoreactivity. The antihyperalgesic effects of fingolimod were prevented or reversed by the S1PR1 antagonist W146 (1 mg/kg daily, i.p.) and could be mimicked by either repeated or single injection of the S1PR1-selective agonist SEW2871. Fingolimod did not change spinal membrane S1PR1 content, arguing against a functional antagonist mechanism. We conclude that fingolimod behaves as an S1PR1 agonist to reduce pain in multiple sclerosis by reversing central sensitization of spinal nociceptive neurons.
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Guo SH, Lin JP, Huang LE, Yang Y, Chen CQ, Li NN, Su MY, Zhao X, Zhu SM, Yao YX. Silencing of spinal Trpv1 attenuates neuropathic pain in rats by inhibiting CAMKII expression and ERK2 phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2769. [PMID: 30808963 PMCID: PMC6391380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a potential role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels in inflammatory and cancer-related pain. However, the role of TRPV1 in the maintenance of neuropathic pain remains elusive. The current study investigated the effects of transient Trpv1 gene silencing using a small interference RNA (siRNA) on neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats. Seven days after CCI, the TRPV1 siRNA was intrathecally administered (5 µg/15 µl, once daily for 2 days). TRPV1 and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII) expression and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in the spinal cord were detected using western blotting. The thresholds to mechanical and thermal stimuli were determined before and after intrathecal TRPV1 siRNA administration. TRPV1 and CAMKII expression and ERK2 phosphorylation in the spinal cord were upregulated after CCI. Intrathecal administration of the TRPV1 siRNA not only attenuated behavioural hyperalgesia but also reduced the expression of TRPV1 and CAMKII, as well as ERK2 phosphorylation. Based on these results, silencing of the TRPV1 gene in the spinal cord attenuates the maintenance of neuropathic pain by inhibiting CAMKII/ERK2 activation and suggests that TRPV1 represents a potential target in pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hui Guo
- Department of Anaesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Piao Lin
- Department of Anaesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Er Huang
- Department of Anaesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Centre for Neuroscience, Hangzhou, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Qin Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Na-Na Li
- Department of Anaesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Yun Su
- Department of Anaesthesia, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, P. R. China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Anaesthesia, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Mei Zhu
- Department of Anaesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Xing Yao
- Department of Anaesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China.
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19
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Huang H, Wang M, Hong Y. Intrathecal administration of adrenomedullin induces mechanical allodynia and neurochemical changes in spinal cord and DRG. Neurosci Lett 2019; 690:196-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Translating peripheral bladder afferent mechanosensitivity to neuronal activation within the lumbosacral spinal cord of mice. Pain 2018; 160:793-804. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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21
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Zhang X, Hartung JE, Bortsov AV, Kim S, O'Buckley SC, Kozlowski J, Nackley AG. Sustained stimulation of β 2- and β 3-adrenergic receptors leads to persistent functional pain and neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:520-532. [PMID: 29935309 PMCID: PMC6129429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional pain syndromes, such as fibromyalgia and temporomandibular disorder, are associated with enhanced catecholamine tone and decreased levels of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; an enzyme that metabolizes catecholamines). Consistent with clinical syndromes, our lab has shown that sustained 14-day delivery of the COMT inhibitor OR486 in rodents results in pain at multiple body sites and pain-related volitional behaviors. The onset of COMT-dependent functional pain is mediated by peripheral β2- and β3-adrenergic receptors (β2- and β3ARs) through the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Here, we first sought to investigate the role of β2- and β3ARs and downstream mediators in the maintenance of persistent functional pain. We then aimed to characterize the resulting persistent inflammation in neural tissues (neuroinflammation), characterized by activated glial cells and phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Separate groups of rats were implanted with subcutaneous osmotic mini-pumps to deliver OR486 (15 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 14 days. The β2AR antagonist ICI118551 and β3AR antagonist SR59230A were co-administrated subcutaneously with OR486 or vehicle either on day 0 or day 7. The TNFα inhibitor Etanercept, the p38 inhibitor SB203580, or the ERK inhibitor U0126 were delivered intrathecally following OR486 cessation on day 14. Behavioral responses, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, glial cell activation, and MAPK phosphorylation were measured over the course of 35 days. Our results demonstrate that systemic delivery of OR486 leads to mechanical hypersensitivity that persists for at least 3 weeks after OR486 cessation. Corresponding increases in spinal TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, microglia and astrocyte activation, and neuronal p38 and ERK phosphorylation were observed on days 14-35. Persistent functional pain was alleviated by systemic delivery of ICI118551 and SR59230A beginning on day 0, but not day 7, and by spinal delivery of Etanercept or SB203580 beginning on day 14. These results suggest that peripheral β2- and β3ARs drive persistent COMT-dependent functional pain via increased activation of immune cells and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which promote neuroinflammation and nociceptor activation. Thus, therapies that resolve neuroinflammation may prove useful in the management of functional pain syndromes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Catechol O-Methyltransferase/metabolism
- Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors/metabolism
- Catechols/pharmacology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Etanercept/pharmacology
- Female
- Fibromyalgia/metabolism
- Fibromyalgia/physiopathology
- Hyperalgesia/metabolism
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Male
- Microglia/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
- Neuroglia/metabolism
- Pain/metabolism
- Pain/physiopathology
- Phosphorylation
- Propanolamines/pharmacology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/physiology
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/metabolism
- Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Pain Management Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jane E Hartung
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrey V Bortsov
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Seungtae Kim
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandra C O'Buckley
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julia Kozlowski
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrea G Nackley
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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22
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Lin JP, Chen CQ, Huang LE, Li NN, Yang Y, Zhu SM, Yao YX. Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting P2X7R Expression and ERK Phosphorylation in Rats. Exp Neurobiol 2018; 27:267-276. [PMID: 30181689 PMCID: PMC6120967 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.4.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
α2-Adrenoceptor agonists attenuate hypersensitivity under neuropathic conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying this attenuation remain largely unknown. In the present study, we explored the potential roles of purinergic receptor 7 (P2X7R)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in the anti-nociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. An animal model of CCI was adopted to mimic the clinical neuropathic pain state. Behavioral hypersensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimuli was determined by von Frey filament and Hargreaves' tests, and the spinal P2X7R expression level and ERK phosphorylation were analyzed using western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. In parallel with the development of mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, a significant increase in P2X7R expression was noted in the ipsilateral spinal cord on day 7 after CCI. Intrathecal administration of dexmedetomidine (2.5 µg) for 3 days not only attenuated neuropathic pain but also inhibited the CCI-induced P2X7R upregulation and ERK phosphorylation. Intrathecal dexmedetomidine administration did not produce obvious effects on locomotor function. The present study demonstrated that dexmedetomidine attenuates the neuropathic pain induced by CCI of the sciatic nerve in rats by inhibiting spinal P2X7R expression and ERK phosphorylation, indicating the potential therapeutic implications of dexmedetomidine administration for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Piao Lin
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Qin Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Er Huang
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Na-Na Li
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Centre for Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Mei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Xing Yao
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
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23
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Arora V, Martin TJ, Aschenbrenner CA, Hayashida K, Kim SA, Parker RA, Eisenach JC, Peters CM. Psychosocial Stress Delays Recovery of Postoperative Pain Following Incisional Surgery in the Rat. Neuroscience 2018; 382:35-47. [PMID: 29694918 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial factors such as anxiety, depression and catastrophizing, commonly associated with established chronic pain, also may be associated with an increased risk of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) when present preoperatively. We used a repeat social defeat (RSD) paradigm to induce psychosocial stress in rodents prior to incisional surgery of the paw. Mixed effects growth curve models were utilized to examine resolution of mechanical hypersensitivity in rats for four weeks following surgery. Eight days following surgery, immunohistochemistry was conducted to examine glial activation as well as evoked neuronal activation in the spinal cord. Here we document that RSD resulted in reduced weight gain and increased depressive symptoms prior to surgery. Rats exposed to RSD displayed delayed resolution of mechanical hypersensitivity in the ipsilateral paw following surgery compared to non-defeated rats. Prior exposure to RSD significantly increased microglial activation and neuronal sensitization (pERK-IR) within the ipsilateral spinal cord. In conclusion, we found that chronic social stress alters the neurobiological response to surgical injury, resulting in slowed recovery. This model maybe useful for future interventional studies examining the mechanistic interactions between depression and risk of CPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Arora
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas J Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Physiology & Pharmacology, WFSM, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carol A Aschenbrenner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kenichiro Hayashida
- Department of Neurophysiology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Susy A Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Renee A Parker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - James C Eisenach
- Department of Anesthesiology and Physiology & Pharmacology, WFSM, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christopher M Peters
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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24
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Hu C, Lu Y, Cheng X, Cui Y, Wu Z, Zhang Q. Gene therapy for neuropathic pain induced by spared nerve injury with naked plasmid encoding hepatocyte growth factor. J Gene Med 2017; 19. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Hu
- Department of Experimental Hematology; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Beijing China
- International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation; Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences; Chongqing China
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing China
| | - Yuxin Lu
- Department of Experimental Hematology; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Xiaochen Cheng
- Department of Experimental Hematology; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Yufang Cui
- Department of Experimental Hematology; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Zuze Wu
- Department of Experimental Hematology; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Beijing China
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Department of Experimental Hematology; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Beijing China
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25
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Redondo A, Chamorro PAF, Riego G, Leánez S, Pol O. Treatment with Sulforaphane Produces Antinociception and Improves Morphine Effects during Inflammatory Pain in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 363:293-302. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.244376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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26
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Nakamoto K, Aizawa F, Miyagi K, Yamashita T, Mankura M, Koyama Y, Kasuya F, Hirasawa A, Kurihara T, Miyata A, Tokuyama S. Dysfunctional GPR40/FFAR1 signaling exacerbates pain behavior in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180610. [PMID: 28723961 PMCID: PMC5516985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that activation of G protein-coupled receptor 40/free fatty acid receptor 1 (GPR40/FFAR1) signaling modulates descending inhibition of pain. In this study, we investigated the involvement of fatty acid-GPR40/FFAR1 signaling in the transition from acute to chronic pain. We used GPR40/FFAR1-knockout (GPR40KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. A plantar incision was performed, and mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated with a von Frey filament test and plantar test, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize GPR40/FFAR1, and the levels of free fatty acids in the hypothalamus were analyzed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The repeated administration of GW1100, a GPR40/FFAR1 antagonist, exacerbated the incision-induced mechanical allodynia and significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the spinal cord after low-threshold touch stimulation in the mice compared to vehicle-treated mice. The levels of long-chain free fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid, oleic acid, and palmitate, which are GPR40/FFAR1 agonists, were significantly increased in the hypothalamus two days after the surgery compared to levels in the sham group. Furthermore, the incision-induced mechanical allodynia was exacerbated in the GPR40KO mice compared to the WT mice, while the response in the plantar test was not changed. These findings suggested that dysfunction of the GPR40/FFAR1 signaling pathway altered the endogenous pain control system and that this dysfunction might be associated with the development of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Nakamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Fuka Aizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kei Miyagi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamashita
- Biochemical Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Mankura
- Faculty of Food Culture, Kurashiki Sakuyo University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Koyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Kasuya
- Biochemical Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Hirasawa
- Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurihara
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Atsuro Miyata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Tokuyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail:
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27
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Noxious, but not innocuous, thermal stimuli evoke pERK expression in dorsal horn neurons after spared nerve injury in adult rats. Neurosci Lett 2017. [PMID: 28636927 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Noxious stimulation of sensory afferents evokes phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (pERK) expression in spinal cord neurons. This study investigated the expression of pERK in the dorsal horn neurons in response to innocuous and noxious cold stimuli in naïve versus spared nerve injury (SNI) rats. Noxious cold or hot stimuli (0 or 45°C) elicited pERK expression in laminae I-II whereas cooling stimuli from 32°C to 25, 15 or 5°C produced no or little pERK expression in dorsal horn neurons. Five days after SNI, a time when these animals showed heat hyperalgesia, cold and mechanical hypersensitivity, only noxious heat stimuli produced a significant increase in pERK expression compared to naïve rats in spinal cord neurons. Thus, pERK cannot be used as an activity marker for neurons responding to cooling stimuli or cold allodynia; however, these results confirm the role of pERK as an activity marker for heat hyperalgesia.
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28
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Zhang Q, Manders T, Tong AP, Yang R, Garg A, Martinez E, Zhou H, Dale J, Goyal A, Urien L, Yang G, Chen Z, Wang J. Chronic pain induces generalized enhancement of aversion. eLife 2017; 6:e25302. [PMID: 28524819 PMCID: PMC5438248 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark feature of chronic pain is its ability to impact other sensory and affective experiences. It is notably associated with hypersensitivity at the site of tissue injury. It is less clear, however, if chronic pain can also induce a generalized site-nonspecific enhancement in the aversive response to nociceptive inputs. Here, we showed that chronic pain in one limb in rats increased the aversive response to acute pain stimuli in the opposite limb, as assessed by conditioned place aversion. Interestingly, neural activities in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) correlated with noxious intensities, and optogenetic modulation of ACC neurons showed bidirectional control of the aversive response to acute pain. Chronic pain, however, altered acute pain intensity representation in the ACC to increase the aversive response to noxious stimuli at anatomically unrelated sites. Thus, chronic pain can disrupt cortical circuitry to enhance the aversive experience in a generalized anatomically nonspecific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaosheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Toby Manders
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Ai Phuong Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Runtao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Arpan Garg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Erik Martinez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Haocheng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Jahrane Dale
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Abhinav Goyal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Louise Urien
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
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29
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Chen Y, Jiang S, Liu Y, Xiong J, Liang J, Ji W. Role of ERK1/2 activation on itch sensation induced by bradykinin B1 activation in inflamed skin. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:627-632. [PMID: 27446253 PMCID: PMC4950635 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been demonstrated that bradykinin receptor B1 (B1R) agonists evoke an itch-related scratching response in inflamed skin via the B1 receptor; however, the mechanisms responsible for this abnormal itch sensation remain unclear. Therefore, the present study utilized a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced mouse model of inflammation to elucidate the mechanisms responsible. Over a period of 30 min, scratching behavior was quantified by the number of hind limb scratches of the area surrounding the drug injection site on the neck. Furthermore, western blot analysis was used to investigate the potential role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling as a mediator of itch in CFA-treated mice. The results demonstrated that CFA-induced inflammation at the back of the neck is associated with sustained enhancement of ERK1/2 activation in the spinal cord. Moreover, B1R agonist treatment resulted in increased expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in the spinal cord, which peaked at 45 min. Consistent with these findings, inhibition of either mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase or ERK1/2, as well as inhibition of ERK1/2 activation following inflammation, attenuated B1 receptor-mediated scratching responses to a greater extent, as compared with control mice. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated that enhanced and persistent ERK1/2 activation in the spinal cord may be required to induce a scratching response to B1R agonists following CFA-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen Chen
- Postgraduate Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China; Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Jiang
- Postgraduate Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China; Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Postgraduate Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China; Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jialing Xiong
- Postgraduate Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China; Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jiexian Liang
- Postgraduate Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China; Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Nishinaka T, Nakamoto K, Tokuyama S. Early life stress induces sex-dependent increases in phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase in brains of mice with neuropathic pain. Eur J Pain 2016; 20:1346-56. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Nishinaka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kobe Gakuin University; Kobe Japan
| | - K. Nakamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kobe Gakuin University; Kobe Japan
| | - S. Tokuyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kobe Gakuin University; Kobe Japan
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Griggs RB, Donahue RR, Adkins BG, Anderson KL, Thibault O, Taylor BK. Pioglitazone Inhibits the Development of Hyperalgesia and Sensitization of Spinal Nociresponsive Neurons in Type 2 Diabetes. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2016; 17:359-73. [PMID: 26687453 PMCID: PMC4791042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Thiazolidinedione drugs (TZDs) such as pioglitazone are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. However, whether TZDs reduce painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) remains unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that chronic administration of pioglitazone would reduce PDN in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF(fa/fa) [ZDF]) rats. Compared with Zucker Lean (ZL(fa/+)) controls, ZDF rats developed: (1) increased blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, methylglyoxal, and insulin levels; (2) mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in the hind paw; (3) increased avoidance of noxious mechanical probes in a mechanical conflict avoidance behavioral assay, to our knowledge, the first report of a measure of affective-motivational pain-like behavior in ZDF rats; and (4) exaggerated lumbar dorsal horn immunohistochemical expression of pressure-evoked phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Seven weeks of pioglitazone (30 mg/kg/d in food) reduced blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, hyperalgesia, and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression in ZDF. To our knowledge, this is the first report to reveal hyperalgesia and spinal sensitization in the same ZDF animals, both evoked by a noxious mechanical stimulus that reflects pressure pain frequently associated with clinical PDN. Because pioglitazone provides the combined benefit of reducing hyperglycemia, hyperalgesia, and central sensitization, we suggest that TZDs represent an attractive pharmacotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes-associated pain. PERSPECTIVE To our knowledge, this is the first preclinical report to show that: (1) ZDF rats exhibit hyperalgesia and affective-motivational pain concurrent with central sensitization; and (2) pioglitazone reduces hyperalgesia and spinal sensitization to noxious mechanical stimulation within the same subjects. Further studies are needed to determine the anti-PDN effect of TZDs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B Griggs
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Renee R Donahue
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Braxton G Adkins
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Katie L Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Olivier Thibault
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Bradley K Taylor
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky.
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Ohnou T, Yokai M, Kurihara T, Hasegawa-Moriyama M, Shimizu T, Inoue K, Kambe Y, Kanmura Y, Miyata A. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type 1 receptor signaling evokes long-lasting nociceptive behaviors through the activation of spinal astrocytes in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 130:194-203. [PMID: 26948958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrathecal (i.t.) administration of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) induces long-lasting nociceptive behaviors for more than 60 min in mice, while the involvement of PACAP type1 receptor (PAC1-R) has not been clarified yet. The present study investigated signaling mechanisms of the PACAP-induced prolonged nociceptive behaviors. Single i.t. injection of a selective PAC1-R agonist, maxadilan (Max), mimicked nociceptive behaviors in a dose-dependent manner similar to PACAP. Pre- or post-treatment of a selective PAC1-R antagonist, max.d.4, significantly inhibited the nociceptive behaviors by PACAP or Max. Coadministration of a protein kinase A inhibitor, Rp-8-Br-cAMPS, a mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase inhibitor, PD98059 or a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, SP600125, significantly inhibited the nociceptive behaviors by Max. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting analysis revealed that spinal administration of Max-induced ERK phosphorylation and JNK phosphorylation, and also augmented an astrocyte marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein in mouse spinal cord. Furthermore, an astroglial toxin, l-α-aminoadipate, significantly attenuated the development of the nociceptive behaviors and ERK phosphorylation by Max. These results suggest that the activation of spinal PAC1-R induces long-lasting nociception through the interaction of neurons and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ohnou
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yokai
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurihara
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Maiko Hasegawa-Moriyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Inoue
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yuki Kambe
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kanmura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Atsuro Miyata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
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Nemoto W, Ogata Y, Nakagawasai O, Yaoita F, Tadano T, Tan-No K. Involvement of p38 MAPK activation mediated through AT1 receptors on spinal astrocytes and neurons in angiotensin II- and III-induced nociceptive behavior in mice. Neuropharmacology 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Peirs C, Williams SPG, Zhao X, Walsh CE, Gedeon JY, Cagle NE, Goldring AC, Hioki H, Liu Z, Marell PS, Seal RP. Dorsal Horn Circuits for Persistent Mechanical Pain. Neuron 2015; 87:797-812. [PMID: 26291162 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Persistent mechanical hypersensitivity that occurs in the setting of injury or disease remains a major clinical problem largely because the underlying neural circuitry is still not known. Here we report the functional identification of key components of the elusive dorsal horn circuit for mechanical allodynia. We show that the transient expression of VGLUT3 by a discrete population of neurons in the deep dorsal horn is required for mechanical pain and that activation of the cells in the adult conveys mechanical hypersensitivity. The cells, which receive direct low threshold input, point to a novel location for circuit initiation. Subsequent analysis of c-Fos reveals the circuit extends dorsally to nociceptive lamina I projection neurons, and includes lamina II calretinin neurons, which we show also convey mechanical allodynia. Lastly, using inflammatory and neuropathic pain models, we show that multiple microcircuits in the dorsal horn encode this form of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Peirs
- Departments of Neurobiology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, BST3, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sean-Paul G Williams
- Departments of Neurobiology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, BST3, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Departments of Neurobiology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, BST3, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Tsinghua M.D. Program, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, 30 Shuang Qing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Claire E Walsh
- Departments of Neurobiology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, BST3, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jeremy Y Gedeon
- Departments of Neurobiology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, BST3, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Natalie E Cagle
- Departments of Neurobiology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, BST3, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Adam C Goldring
- Departments of Neurobiology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, BST3, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Hioki
- Department of Morphological Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Zheng Liu
- Departments of Neurobiology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, BST3, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Paulina S Marell
- Departments of Neurobiology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, BST3, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rebecca P Seal
- Departments of Neurobiology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, BST3, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Borges G, Berrocoso E, Mico JA, Neto F. ERK1/2: Function, signaling and implication in pain and pain-related anxio-depressive disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 60:77-92. [PMID: 25708652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing knowledge regarding pain modulation, the understanding of the mechanisms behind a complex and pathologic chronic pain condition is still insufficient. These knowledge gaps might result in ineffective therapeutic approaches to relieve painful sensations. As a result, severe untreated chronic pain frequently triggers the onset of new disorders such as depression and/or anxiety, and therefore, both the diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from chronic pain become seriously compromised, prompting a self-perpetuating cycle of symptomatology. The extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are molecules strongly implicated in the somatic component of pain at the spinal cord level and have been emerging as mediators of the emotional-affective component as well. Although these molecules might represent good biomarkers, their use as pharmacological targets is still open to discussion as paradoxical information has been obtained. Here we review the current scientific literature regarding ERK1/2 signaling in the modulation of pain, depression and anxiety, including the emotional-affective spheres of the pain experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Borges
- Neuropsycopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience (Pharmacology and Psychiatry), University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain; Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Centro de Investigação Médica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (CIM-FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Grupo de Morfofisiologia do Sistema Nervoso, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Psychobiology Area, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Mico
- Neuropsycopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience (Pharmacology and Psychiatry), University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fani Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Centro de Investigação Médica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (CIM-FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Grupo de Morfofisiologia do Sistema Nervoso, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Porto, Portugal.
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Chen JJ, Dai L, Zhao LX, Zhu X, Cao S, Gao YJ. Intrathecal curcumin attenuates pain hypersensitivity and decreases spinal neuroinflammation in rat model of monoarthritis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10278. [PMID: 25988362 PMCID: PMC4437313 DOI: 10.1038/srep10278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a major component of turmeric and reportedly has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. Neuroinflammation has been recognized to play an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases in the central nervous system. Here we investigated the anti-nociceptive and anti-neuroinflammatory effect of curcumin on arthritic pain in rats. We found that repeated oral treatment with curcumin, either before or after complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) injection, dose-dependently attenuated CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, but had no effect on joint edema. Repeated intrathecal injection of curcumin reversed CFA-induced pain hypersensitivity. Furthermore, such a curcumin treatment reduced CFA-induced activation of glial cells and production of inflammatory mediators [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and monocyte inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1α)] in the spinal cord. Curcumin also decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced production of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, MCP-1, and MIP-1α in cultured astrocytes and microglia. Our results suggest that intrathecal curcumin attenuates arthritic pain by inhibiting glial activation and the production of inflammatory mediators in the spinal cord, suggesting a new application of curcumin for the treatment of arthritic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Chen
- 1] Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China [2] Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Lin Dai
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Lin-Xia Zhao
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Su Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
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Moon JY, Roh DH, Yoon SY, Choi SR, Kwon SG, Choi HS, Kang SY, Han HJ, Beitz AJ, Oh SB, Lee JH. σ1 receptors activate astrocytes via p38 MAPK phosphorylation leading to the development of mechanical allodynia in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5881-97. [PMID: 25158784 PMCID: PMC4290724 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spinal astrocytes have emerged as important mechanistic contributors to the genesis of mechanical allodynia (MA) in neuropathic pain. We recently demonstrated that the spinal sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (σ1 receptor) modulates p38 MAPK phosphorylation (p-p38), which plays a critical role in the induction of MA in neuropathic rats. However, the histological and physiological relationships among σ1, p-p38 and astrocyte activation is unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated: (i) the precise location of σ1 receptors and p-p38 in spinal dorsal horn; (ii) whether the inhibition of σ1 receptors or p38 modulates chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced astrocyte activation; and (iii) whether this modulation of astrocyte activity is associated with MA development in CCI mice. KEY RESULTS The expression of σ1 receptors was significantly increased in astrocytes on day 3 following CCI surgery. Sustained intrathecal treatment with the σ1 antagonist, BD-1047, attenuated CCI-induced increase in GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes, and the treatment combined with fluorocitrate, an astrocyte metabolic inhibitor, synergistically reduced the development of MA, but not thermal hyperalgesia. The number of p-p38-ir astrocytes and neurons, but not microglia was significantly increased. Interestingly, intrathecal BD-1047 attenuated the expression of p-p38 selectively in astrocytes but not in neurons. Moreover, intrathecal treatment with a p38 inhibitor attenuated the GFAP expression, and this treatment combined with fluorocitrate synergistically blocked the induction of MA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Spinal σ1 receptors are localized in astrocytes and blockade of σ1 receptors inhibits the pathological activation of astrocytes via modulation of p-p38, which ultimately prevents the development of MA in neuropathic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Moon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - D H Roh
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, Kyung Hee University School of DentistrySeoul, Korea
| | - S Y Yoon
- Laboratory of Molecular Signal Transduction, Center for Neural Science, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul, Korea
| | - S R Choi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - S G Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - H S Choi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - S Y Kang
- Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Meridian Research Group, Medical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental MedicineDaejeon, Korea
| | - H J Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - A J Beitz
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of MinnesotaSt Paul, MN, USA
| | - S B Oh
- Pain Cognitive Function Research Center, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences College of Natural Sciences, Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
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Min SH, Soh JS, Park JY, Choi SU, Lee HW, Lee JJ, Kim JH. Epidural dexamethasone decreased inflammatory hyperalgesia and spinal cPLA₂ expression in a rat formalin test. Yonsei Med J 2014; 55:1631-9. [PMID: 25323902 PMCID: PMC4205705 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.6.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of epidural dexamethasone on analgesia and cytosolic phospholipase A₂ (cPLA₂) expression in the spinal cord in a rat formalin test. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epidural dexamethasone injection was performed to Sprague-Dawley rats with a 25 gauge needle under fluoroscopy. Following the epidural injection, a formalin induced pain behavior test was performed. Next, the spinal cords corresponding to L4 dorsal root ganglion was extracted to observe the cPLA₂ expression. RESULTS There were no differences in pain response during phase I among the groups. The phase II pain response in 300 μg of epidural dexamethasone group decreased as compared to control, 30 μg of epidural dexamethasone, 100 μg of epidural dexamethasone, and 300 μg of systemic dexamethasone groups. The expression of cPLA₂ decreased in Rexed laminae I-II in 300 μg of the epidural dexamethasone group compared with the ones in the control group. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that 300 μg of epidural dexamethasone has an attenuating effect on the peripheral inflammatory tissue injury induced hyperalgesia and this effect is mediated through the inhibition of intraspinal cPLA₂ expression and the primary site of action is the laminae I-II of the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam-Hong Min
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Sub Soh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Uk Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Won Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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39
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Taylor BK, Corder G. Endogenous analgesia, dependence, and latent pain sensitization. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 20:283-325. [PMID: 25227929 PMCID: PMC4464817 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2014_351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous activation of µ-opioid receptors (MORs) provides relief from acute pain. Recent studies have established that tissue inflammation produces latent pain sensitization (LS) that is masked by spinal MOR signaling for months, even after complete recovery from injury and re-establishment of normal pain thresholds. Disruption with MOR inverse agonists reinstates pain and precipitates cellular, somatic, and aversive signs of physical withdrawal; this phenomenon requires N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated activation of calcium-sensitive adenylyl cyclase type 1 (AC1). In this review, we present a new conceptual model of the transition from acute to chronic pain, based on the delicate balance between LS and endogenous analgesia that develops after painful tissue injury. First, injury activates pain pathways. Second, the spinal cord establishes MOR constitutive activity (MORCA) as it attempts to control pain. Third, over time, the body becomes dependent on MORCA, which paradoxically sensitizes pain pathways. Stress or injury escalates opposing inhibitory and excitatory influences on nociceptive processing as a pathological consequence of increased endogenous opioid tone. Pain begets MORCA begets pain vulnerability in a vicious cycle. The final result is a silent insidious state characterized by the escalation of two opposing excitatory and inhibitory influences on pain transmission: LS mediated by AC1 (which maintains the accelerator) and pain inhibition mediated by MORCA (which maintains the brake). This raises the prospect that opposing homeostatic interactions between MORCA analgesia and latent NMDAR-AC1-mediated pain sensitization creates a lasting vulnerability to develop chronic pain. Thus, chronic pain syndromes may result from a failure in constitutive signaling of spinal MORs and a loss of endogenous analgesic control. An overarching long-term therapeutic goal of future research is to alleviate chronic pain by either (a) facilitating endogenous opioid analgesia, thus restricting LS within a state of remission, or (b) extinguishing LS altogether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley K Taylor
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, 40536-0298, USA,
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Di Cesare Mannelli L, Pacini A, Micheli L, Tani A, Zanardelli M, Ghelardini C. Glial role in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:22-33. [PMID: 24967684 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, has become a standard treatment for advanced colorectal cancer. The dose-limiting toxicity of this compound is the development of peripheral neuropathy. A tangled panel of symptoms, sensory loss, paresthesia, dysesthesia and pain, may be disabling for patients and adversely affect their quality of life. Recently, we described a characteristic glial activation profile in a rat model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy. Glial cells are considered a new pharmacological target for neuropathic pain relief but its relevance in chemotherapy-dependent neuropathies is debated. Aimed to evaluate the significance of glial activation in pain generated by oxaliplatin, the microglial inhibitor minocycline or the astrocyte inhibitor fluorocitrate were continuously infused by intrathecal route in oxaliplatin-treated rats. Both compounds significantly reduced oxaliplatin-evoked pain though the efficacy of fluorocitrate was higher revealing a prominent role of astrocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis of the dorsal horn confirmed the specific Iba1-positive cell inhibition caused by minocycline as well as the selectivity of fluorocitrate on GFAP-positive cells. The activation of astrocytes in minocycline-treated rats suggests a microglia-independent modulation of astrocytes by oxaliplatin neurotoxicity. Neither the selective activation of astrocyte after minocycline treatment nor the exclusive microglial response after fluorocitrate is able to evoke pain. Morphometric and morphological determinations performed on dorsal root ganglia evidenced that the glial inhibitors did not prevent the oxaliplatin-dependent increase of eccentric nucleoli and multinucleolated neurons. The decrease of soma area was also unaltered. In summary, these data highlight the role of central glial cells in oxaliplatin-dependent neuropathic pain. On the other hand, glial inhibition is not associated with neuroprotective effects suggesting the need for careful modulation of glial signaling to prevent the pathophysiology that leads to persistent neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pacini
- Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - DMSC, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Tani
- Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - DMSC, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Zanardelli
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Yuan SB, Shi Y, Chen J, Zhou X, Li G, Gelman BB, Lisinicchia JG, Carlton SM, Ferguson MR, Tan A, Sarna SK, Tang SJ. Gp120 in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus-associated pain. Ann Neurol 2014; 75:837-50. [PMID: 24633867 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic pain is a common neurological comorbidity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection, but the etiological cause remains elusive. The objective of this study was to identify the HIV-1 causal factor that critically contributes to the pathogenesis of HIV-associated pain. METHODS We first compared the levels of HIV-1 proteins in postmortem tissues of the spinal cord dorsal horn (SDH) from HIV-1/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients who developed chronic pain (pain-positive HIV-1 patients) and HIV-1 patients who did not develop chronic pain (pain-negative HIV-1 patients). Then we used the HIV-1 protein that was specifically increased in the pain-positive patients to generate mouse models. Finally, we performed comparative analyses on the pathological changes in the models and the HIV-1 patients. RESULTS We found that HIV-1 gp120 was significantly higher in pain-positive HIV-1 patients (vs pain-negative HIV-1 patients). This finding suggested that gp120 was a potential causal factor of the HIV-associated pain. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model generated by intrathecal injection of gp120 and compared the pathologies of the model and the pain-positive human HIV-1 patients. The results showed that the mouse model and pain-positive human HIV-1 patients developed extensive similarities in their pathological phenotypes, including pain behaviors, peripheral neuropathy, glial reactivation, synapse degeneration, and aberrant activation of pain-related signaling pathways in the SDH. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that gp120 may critically contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV-associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Bo Yuan
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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Worsley MA, Allen CE, Billinton A, King AE, Boissonade FM. Chronic tooth pulp inflammation induces persistent expression of phosphorylated ERK (pERK) and phosphorylated p38 (pp38) in trigeminal subnucleus caudalis. Neuroscience 2014; 269:318-30. [PMID: 24709040 PMCID: PMC4030309 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of tooth pulp activates pERK and pp38 in the trigeminal nucleus Activation is persistent and bilateral, and further increased by acute stimulation This altered signaling may be relevant in the development of chronic pulpitic pain pERK and pp38 are more sensitive markers of central change than Fos expression Sequential activation in different cell types may be linked to pain progression
Background Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase are transiently phosphorylated (activated) in the spinal cord and trigeminal nucleus by acute noxious stimuli. Acute stimulation of dental pulp induces short-lived ERK activation in trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), and p38 inhibition attenuates short-term sensitization in Vc induced by acute pulpal stimulation. We have developed a model to study central changes following chronic inflammation of dental pulp that induces long-term sensitization. Here, we examine the effects of chronic inflammation and acute stimulation on the expression of phosphorylated ERK (pERK), phosphorylated p38 (pp38) and Fos in Vc. Results Chronic inflammation alone induced bilateral expression of pERK and pp38 in Vc, but did not induce Fos expression. Stimulation of both non-inflamed and inflamed pulps significantly increased pERK and pp38 bilaterally; expression was greatest in inflamed, stimulated animals, and was similar following 10-min and 60-min stimulation. Stimulation for 60 min, but not 10 min, induced Fos in ipsilateral Vc; Fos expression was significantly greater in inflamed, stimulated animals. pERK was present in both neurons and astrocytes; pp38 was present in neurons and other non-neuronal, non-astrocytic cell types. Conclusions This study provides the first demonstration that chronic inflammation of tooth pulp induces persistent bilateral activation of ERK and p38 within Vc, and that this activation is further increased by acute stimulation. This altered activity in intracellular signaling is likely to be linked to the sensitization that is seen in our animal model and in patients with pulpitis. Our data indicate that pERK and pp38 are more accurate markers of central change than Fos expression. In our model, localization of pERK and pp38 within specific cell types differs from that seen following acute stimulation. This may indicate specific roles for different cell types in the induction and maintenance of pulpitic and other types of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Worsley
- Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine & Surgery, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - C E Allen
- Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine & Surgery, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | | | - A E King
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - F M Boissonade
- Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine & Surgery, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK.
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Ohmichi M, Ohmichi Y, Ohishi H, Yoshimoto T, Morimoto A, Li Y, Sakurai H, Nakano T, Sato J. Activated spinal astrocytes are involved in the maintenance of chronic widespread mechanical hyperalgesia after cast immobilization. Mol Pain 2014; 10:6. [PMID: 24456903 PMCID: PMC3907371 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-10-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we examined spinal glial cell activation as a central nervous system mechanism of widespread mechanical hyperalgesia in rats that experienced chronic post-cast pain (CPCP) 2 weeks after cast immobilization. Activated spinal microglia and astrocytes were investigated immunohistologically in lumbar and coccygeal spinal cord segments 1 day, 5 weeks, and 13 weeks following cast removal. RESULTS In the lumbar cord, astrocytes were activated after microglia. Astrocytes also were activated after microglia in the coccygeal cord, but with a delay that was longer than that observed in the lumbar cord. This activation pattern paralleled the observation that mechanical hyperalgesia occurred in the hindleg or the hindpaw before the tail. The activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) immune response in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) on the last day of cast immobilization suggested that nerve damage might not occur in CPCP rats. The neural activation assessed by the phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) immune response in DRG arose 1 day after cast removal. In addition, L-α-aminoadipate (L-α-AA), an inhibitor of astrocyte activation administered intrathecally 5 weeks after cast removal, inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia in several body parts including the lower leg skin and muscles bilaterally, hindpaws, and tail. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that activation of lumbar cord astrocytes is an important factor in widespread mechanical hyperalgesia in CPCP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Sato
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
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Morioka N, Abe H, Araki R, Matsumoto N, Zhang FF, Nakamura Y, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Nakata Y. A β1/2 adrenergic receptor-sensitive intracellular signaling pathway modulates CCL2 production in cultured spinal astrocytes. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:323-32. [PMID: 24037783 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the subsequent production of C-C chemokine CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein; MCP-1) in spinal astrocytes contribute to the initiation of neurological disorders including chronic pain. Astrocytes express neurotransmitter receptors which could be targeted to ameliorate neurological disorders. In the current study, the involvement of the β-adrenergic system in the regulation of JNK activity and CCL2 production after stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, one of many initiators of neuroinflammation, was elucidated. Treatment of cultured spinal astrocytes with isoproterenol (a β-adrenergic receptor agonist; 1 µM) reduced both TNF-α-induced JNK1 phosphorylation, as observed by Western blotting, and the subsequent increase of both CCL2 mRNA expression and CCL2 production, which were measured by real time-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The effects of isoproterenol were completely blocked by pretreatment with either propranolol (a β-adrenoceptor antagonist) or H89 (a protein kinase A [PKA] inhibitor). The current study revealed that the regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity is a crucial factor in the inhibitory action of isoproterenol. The TNF-α-induced JNK1 phosphorylation was significantly blocked by treatment with GSK-3β inhibitors (either LiCl or TWS119), and stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors induced the inhibition of GSK-3β through the phosphorylation of Ser(9) . Moreover, treatment with isoproterenol markedly suppressed the TNF-α-induced increase of CCL2 mRNA expression and CCL2 production through a β-adrenergic receptor-PKA pathway mediated by GSK-3β regulation. Thus, activation of β1/2 adrenergic receptors expressed in spinal astrocytes could be a novel method of moderating neurological disorders with endogenous catecholamines or selective agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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Xu X, Chen H, Ling BY, Xu L, Cao H, Zhang YQ. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase activation in spinal cord contributes to pain hypersensitivity in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Neurosci Bull 2013; 30:53-66. [PMID: 24194231 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Painful peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. The symptom of pain can become a major factor that decreases the quality of life of patients with diabetes, while effective treatment is lacking. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the changes of pain threshold in the early stage of diabetes in db/db mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that (1) db/db mice (with a leptin receptor-null mutation and characterized by obesity and hyperglycemia) showed hypersensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimuli at the early stage of diabetes; (2) phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK), but not total ERK in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia in db/db mice significantly increased compared with wild-type mice. The increased pERK immunoreactivity occurred in both NeuN-expressing neurons and GFAP-expressing astrocytes, but not in Iba-1-expressing microglia; (3) both single and consecutive (for 5 days) intrathecal injections of U0126 (2 nmol per day), a selective MEK (an ERK kinase) inhibitor beginning at 8 weeks of age, attenuated the bilateral mechanical allodynia in the von-Frey test and heat hyperalgesia in Hargreave's test; and (4) db/db mice also displayed increased nocifensive behavior during the formalin test, and this was blocked by intrathecal injection of U0126. Also, the expression of pERK1 and pERK2 was upregulated following the formalin injection. Our results suggested that the activation of ERK in spinal neurons and astrocytes is correlated with pain hypersensitivity of the type 2 diabetes animal model. Inhibiting the ERK pathway may provide a new therapy for pain control in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China
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Corder G, Doolen S, Donahue RR, Winter MK, Jutras BL, He Y, Hu X, Wieskopf JS, Mogil JS, Storm DR, Wang ZJ, McCarson KE, Taylor BK. Constitutive μ-opioid receptor activity leads to long-term endogenous analgesia and dependence. Science 2013; 341:1394-9. [PMID: 24052307 DOI: 10.1126/science.1239403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptor antagonists increase hyperalgesia in humans and animals, which indicates that endogenous activation of opioid receptors provides relief from acute pain; however, the mechanisms of long-term opioid inhibition of pathological pain have remained elusive. We found that tissue injury produced μ-opioid receptor (MOR) constitutive activity (MOR(CA)) that repressed spinal nociceptive signaling for months. Pharmacological blockade during the posthyperalgesia state with MOR inverse agonists reinstated central pain sensitization and precipitated hallmarks of opioid withdrawal (including adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate overshoot and hyperalgesia) that required N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation of adenylyl cyclase type 1. Thus, MOR(CA) initiates both analgesic signaling and a compensatory opponent process that generates endogenous opioid dependence. Tonic MOR(CA) suppression of withdrawal hyperalgesia may prevent the transition from acute to chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Corder
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Donnerer J, Liebmann I. The Pain Pathway in the Rat following Noxious Thermal Stimulation: Effect of Morphine on pERK1/2 and TRPV1 at the Dorsal Horn Level, and on Hyperalgesia. Pharmacology 2013; 92:32-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000353141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Berta T, Liu YC, Xu ZZ, Ji RR. Tissue plasminogen activator contributes to morphine tolerance and induces mechanical allodynia via astrocytic IL-1β and ERK signaling in the spinal cord of mice. Neuroscience 2013; 247:376-85. [PMID: 23707980 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that activation of spinal cord astrocytes contributes importantly to nerve injury and inflammation-induced persistent pain and chronic opioid-induced antinociceptive tolerance. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) and induction of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in spinal astrocytes have been implicated in astrocytes-mediated pain. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease that has been extensively used to treat stroke. We examined the potential involvement of tPA in chronic opioid-induced antinociceptive tolerance and activation of spinal astrocytes using tPA knockout (tPA(-/-)) mice and astrocyte cultures. tPA(-/-) mice exhibited unaltered nociceptive pain and morphine-induced acute analgesia. However, the antinociceptive tolerance, induced by chronic morphine (10mg/kg/day, s.c.), is abrogated in tPA(-/-) mice. Chronic morphine induces tPA expression in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing spinal cord astrocytes. Chronic morphine also increases IL-1β expression in GFAP-expressing astrocytes, which is abolished in tPA-deficient mice. In cultured astrocytes, morphine treatment increases tPA, IL-1β, and pERK expression, and the increased IL-1β and pERK expression is abolished in tPA-deficient astrocytes. tPA is also sufficient to induce IL-1β and pERK expression in astrocyte cultures. Intrathecal injection of tPA results in up-regulation of GFAP and pERK in spinal astrocytes but not up-regulation of ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 in spinal microglia. Finally, intrathecal tPA elicits persistent mechanical allodynia, which is inhibited by the astroglial toxin alpha-amino adipate and the MEK (ERK kinase) inhibitor U0126. Collectively, these data suggest an important role of tPA in regulating astrocytic signaling, pain hypersensitivity, and morphine tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Berta
- Pain Signaling and Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Repetitive hyperbaric oxygen treatment attenuates complete Freund's adjuvant-induced pain and reduces glia-mediated neuroinflammation in the spinal cord. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2013; 14:747-58. [PMID: 23680474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is reported to attenuate pain in both clinical pain conditions and animal pain models, but the underlying mechanism remains to be investigated. Here, we show that 7 daily 60-minute HBO (100% oxygen, 2 atmosphere absolute) treatments effectively and persistently inhibited heat hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, and paw edema induced by peripheral injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Five daily 60-minute HBO treatments also produced a prolonged reversal effect of the ongoing inflammatory pain. Furthermore, such an HBO treatment reduced CFA-induced activation of glial cells, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, and production of a variety of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], keratinocyte-derived chemokine [KC], and IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 [IP-10]) in the spinal cord. HBO treatment also decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced mRNA expression of these cytokines and chemokines in primary cultures of astrocytes and microglia. In addition, the mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, KC, and IP-10 in the inflamed paw skin were decreased by HBO. Taken together, these data suggest that HBO treatment is an effective therapy for inflammatory pain in animals. The inhibition of the neuroinflammation that is mediated by glial cells and inflammatory mediators may, at least in part, contribute to the antinociceptive effect of HBO therapy. PERSPECTIVE Our results suggest that repetitive HBO treatment attenuates CFA-induced pain and reduces glial activation and inflammatory mediators' production. These findings provide evidence of the antinociception effect of HBO on inflammatory pain and characterize some of the underlying mechanisms.
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Morgenweck J, Griggs RB, Donahue RR, Zadina JE, Taylor BK. PPARγ activation blocks development and reduces established neuropathic pain in rats. Neuropharmacology 2013; 70:236-46. [PMID: 23415633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is emerging as a new pharmacotherapeutic target for chronic pain. When oral (3-30 mg/kg/day in chow for 7 wk) or twice-daily intraperitoneal (1-10 mg/kg/day for 2 wk) administration began before spared nerve injury (SNI), pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, dose-dependently prevented multiple behavioral signs of somatosensory hypersensitivity. The highest dose of intraperitoneal pioglitazone did not produce ataxia or reductions in transient mechanical and heat nociception, indicating that inhibitory effects on hypersensitivity were not secondary to adverse drug-induced behaviors or antinociception. Inhibitory effects on hypersensitivity persisted at least one week beyond cessation of pioglitazone administration, suggestive of long-lasting effects on gene expression. Blockade of PPARγ with GW9662, an irreversible and selective PPARγ antagonist, dose-dependently reduced the inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on hypersensitivity, indicating a PPARγ-dependent action. Remarkably, a single preemptive injection of pioglitazone 15 min before SNI attenuated hypersensitivity for at least 2 weeks; this was enhanced with a second injection delivered 12 h after SNI. Pioglitazone injections beginning after SNI also reduced hypersensitivity, albeit to a lesser degree than preemptive treatment. Intraperitoneal pioglitazone significantly reduced the nerve injury-induced up-regulation of cd11b, GFAP, and p-p38 in the dorsal horn, indicating a mechanism of action involving spinal microglia and/or astrocyte activation. Oral pioglitazone significantly reduced touch stimulus-evoked phospho-extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK) in lamina I-II, indicating a mechanism of action involving inhibition of central sensitization. We conclude that pioglitazone reduces spinal glial and stimulus-evoked p-ERK activation and that PPARγ activation blocks the development of and reduces established neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Morgenweck
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Research Foundation, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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