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Figueira MI, Carvalho TMA, Macário-Monteiro J, Cardoso HJ, Correia S, Vaz CV, Duarte AP, Socorro S. The Pros and Cons of Estrogens in Prostate Cancer: An Update with a Focus on Phytoestrogens. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1636. [PMID: 39200101 PMCID: PMC11351860 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of estrogens in prostate cancer (PCa) is shrouded in mystery, with its actions going from angelic to devilish. The findings by Huggins and Hodges establishing PCa as a hormone-sensitive cancer have provided the basis for using estrogens in therapy. However, despite the clinical efficacy in suppressing tumor growth and the panoply of experimental evidence describing its anticarcinogenic effects, estrogens were abolished from PCa treatment because of the adverse secondary effects. Notwithstanding, research work over the years has continued investigating the effects of estrogens, reporting their pros and cons in prostate carcinogenesis. In contrast with the beneficial therapeutic effects, many reports have implicated estrogens in the disruption of prostate cell fate and tissue homeostasis. On the other hand, epidemiological data demonstrating the lower incidence of PCa in Eastern countries associated with a higher consumption of phytoestrogens support the beneficial role of estrogens in counteracting cancer development. Many studies have investigated the effects of phytoestrogens and the underlying mechanisms of action, which may contribute to developing safe estrogen-based anti-PCa therapies. This review compiles the existing data on the anti- and protumorigenic actions of estrogens and summarizes the anticancer effects of several phytoestrogens, highlighting their promising features in PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.I.F.)
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2
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Liu X, Zhang X, Shao Z, Zhong X, Ding X, Wu L, Chen J, He P, Cheng Y, Zhu K, Zheng D, Jing J, Luo T. Pyrotinib and chrysin synergistically potentiate autophagy in HER2-positive breast cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:463. [PMID: 38110365 PMCID: PMC10728098 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) has been the most challenging subtype of BC, consisting of 20% of BC with an apparent correlation with poor prognosis. Despite that pyrotinib, a new HER2 inhibitor, has led to dramatic improvements in prognosis, the efficacy of pyrotinib monotherapy remains largely restricted due to its acquired resistance. Therefore, identifying a new potential antitumor drug in combination with pyrotinib to amplify therapeutic efficacy is a pressing necessity. Here, we reported a novel combination of pyrotinib with chrysin and explored its antitumor efficacy and the underlying mechanism in HER2-positive BC. We determined that pyrotinib combined with chrysin yielded a potent synergistic effect to induce more evident cell cycle arrest, inhibit the proliferation of BT-474 and SK-BR-3 BC cells, and repress in vivo tumor growth in xenograft mice models. This may be attributed to enhanced autophagy induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore, the combined treatment of pyrotinib and chrysin induced ubiquitination and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) degradation by upregulating zinc finger and BTB/POZ domain-containing family protein 16 (ZBTB16) in tumorigenesis of BC. Mechanistically, we identified that miR-16-5p was a potential upstream regulator of ZBTB16, and it showed a significant inverse correlation with ZBTB16. Inhibition of miR-16-5p overexpression by restoring ZBTB16 significantly potentiated the overall antitumor efficacy of pyrotinib combined with chrysin against HER2-positive BC. Together, these findings demonstrate that the combined treatment of pyrotinib and chrysin enhances autophagy in HER2-positive BC through an unrecognized miR-16-5p/ZBTB16/G6PD axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Liu
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Cancer Center, Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 221000, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Zhiying Shao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 221000, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhong
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Cancer Center, Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 221000, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping He
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Cancer Center, Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Cancer Center, Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kunrui Zhu
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Cancer Center, Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Cancer Center, Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ting Luo
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Cancer Center, Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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3
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Alshetaili AS, Ali R, Qamar W, Almohizea S, Anwer MK. Preparation, optimization, and characterization of chrysin-loaded TPGS-b-PCL micelles and assessment of their cytotoxic potential in human liver cancer (Hep G2) cell lines. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125679. [PMID: 37406911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In total, nine TPGS-b-PCL copolymers were synthesized employing distinct TPGS analogues (TPGS 2000, 3500, and 5000). In these copolymers, the length of the PCL chain varied according to the TPGS to PCL molecular weight ratio (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). The formulation optimization was done by optimizing the drug to polymer ratio, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, micelle diameter, and polydispersity index (PDI). TPGS3500-b-PCL7000 copolymer (TPGS to PCL ratio 1:2) with drug to polymer ratio 1:30 showed the best percentage encapsulation (63.50 ± 0.45 %) and drug loading (2.05 ± 0.07). The optimal micelle (CHR-M) diameter and PDI were determined to be 94.57 ± 13.40 nm and 0.16 ± 0.02, respectively. CHR-M showed slow release when compared with alcoholic solution of chrysin. Approximately 70.70 ± 6.4 % drug was released in 72 h. The CHR-M demonstrated considerably greater absorption in Hep G2 cells, which confirmed the reliability of the micellar carrier. The MTT assay results showed that the IC50 values for CHR-M were much lower after 24 and 48 h when compared to free chrysin. Therefore, CHR-M may be a viable carrier for active chrysin targeting with improved anticancer potential. Also, it could be a better alternative for the currently available treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Alshetaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajhul Qamar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Almohizea
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Parthasarathy R, Chandrika M, Sruthi D, Yashavantha Rao HC, Jayabaskaran C. Clonostachys rosea, a marine algal endophyte, as an alternative source of chrysin and its anticancer effect. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:275. [PMID: 37410212 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi were isolated from the marine green alga Chaetomorpha antennina and identified as Clonostachys rosea through molecular analysis. C. rosea was grown in a tryptophan medium for 21 days and after that, the metabolites were extracted by ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract showed a high cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells. GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence of many compounds, and chrysin was one of the major compounds among them. Hence, further studies were concentrated on chrysin, as it was assumed to be the major attributor to the potent cytotoxicity, based on its high anticancer efficacies reported earlier. The fungal ethyl acetate extract had been analysed for chrysin using HPTLC and compared its Rf value with authentic chrysin and it was matched. Further, the purified fungal chrysin was structurally elucidated using techniques like LC-MS and NMR analyses. Quantification revealed that C. rosea produced 1050 mg/L of chrysin. This surplus production of chrysin was the major significance of the study. The purified fungal chrysin was found to be highly cytotoxic to MCF-7 cells with a low IC50 value 35.5 ± 0.6 µM. Furthermore, DNA fragmentation and apoptosis analysis indicated the selective inhibition of MCF-7 by DNA damage. Thus, the present study implies that C. rosea is an alternative source and new method for surplus production of chrysin in the tryptophan medium. All results indicate that the marine algae endophytic C. rosa produces chrysin, and for the first time, an excess amount of production was revealed by the study.
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Grants
- Ref. no. PDF/2017/001184 Department of Science and Technology and Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB), New Delhi for the National Post-Doctoral fellowship
- Ref.no.45/1/2020-DDI-BMS Indian Council Medical Research-Research Associate (ICMR-RA) New Delhi,
- File no.45/36-2018-PHA/BMS Dated 23/6/2018 Indian Council Medical Research-Research Associate (ICMR-RA), New Delhi
- YSS/2019/000035/ PRCYSS Department of Health Research (DHR),Government of India, New Delhi, Young scientist -HRD Scheme
- YSS/2020/0000054/PRCYSS Department of Health Research (DHR),Government of India, New Delhi, Young scientist -HRD Scheme
- No.F.4-2/2006 (BSR)/BL/17-18/0234 University Grants Commission - DSKPDF, Government of India, New Delhi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manjegowda Chandrika
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Damodaran Sruthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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Zhang Q, Yu W, Liu Z, Li H, Liu Y, Liu X, Han Z, He J, Zeng Y, Guo Y, Liu Y. Design, synthesis, antitumor activity and ct-DNA binding study of photosensitive drugs based on porphyrin framework. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123147. [PMID: 36621729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a promising novel tumor treatment method. In this study, novel porphyrin-chrysin photosensitizer derivatives were synthesized. Most of the compounds showed antitumor activity against human cervical cancer HeLa cells and human lung cancer A549 cells, among which compound 4c had the best photodynamic therapy effect on HeLa cells and A549 cells, with IC50 values of 6.26 μM and 23.37 μM, respectively. Free-base porphyrin-chrysin derivatives bind to DNA through surface self-stacking, and zinc metalloporphyrin-chrysin derivatives bind to ct-DNA through intercalation. Notably, the tightness of compound binding to ct-DNA was positively correlated with its antitumor activity. What's more, three-dimensional quantitative conformation studies have shown that increasing the positive charge of the porphyrin ring and introducing a strong electron-withdrawing group at the meso position of the porphyrin ring at the para-position of the benzene ring or reducing the space volume of the compound can enhance the antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, 28 Western Changshen Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Wenmei Yu
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, 28 Western Changshen Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, 28 Western Changshen Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, 28 Western Changshen Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Yihui Liu
- The second Hospital, University of South China, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, 28 Western Changshen Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Zhaoshun Han
- Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Yaofu Zeng
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, 28 Western Changshen Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Yu Guo
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, 28 Western Changshen Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Yunmei Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, 28 Western Changshen Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China.
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6
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Salari N, Faraji F, Jafarpour S, Faraji F, Rasoulpoor S, Dokaneheifard S, Mohammadi M. Anti-cancer Activity of Chrysin in Cancer Therapy: a Systematic Review. Indian J Surg Oncol 2022; 13:681-690. [PMID: 36687219 PMCID: PMC9845454 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-022-01550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin is a natural bioactive compound that is extracted from many trees, honey, and propolis. Chrysin has several pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties. This study was performed to evaluate the anti-cancer activities of chrysin in cancer therapy. The present study was conducted by systematic review of studies published up to August 2021. Related studies were identified by searching Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, Science Direct, SID, MagIran, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The keywords of chrysin, cancer, anti-cancer, and cancer therapy were used for searching. The quality of the studies was assessed by the CONSORT checklist. A total of 21 studies were identified. The results of studies showed that chrysin has an anticancer effect by stimulating apoptosis in a wide range of human cells and rats. Chrysin is also an important factor in inhibiting tumor growth and neoplasticity. Chrysin inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells by inducing cytotoxic effects. Therefore, due to the antitumor effects of chrysin and its safety and non-toxicity towards normal cells, this compound can be considered as an adjuvant along with chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Faraji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sima Jafarpour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Faraji
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shna Rasoulpoor
- Medical Biology Research Centre, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sadat Dokaneheifard
- Department of Human Genetics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
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7
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Neurological disorders of COVID-19: insights to applications of natural products from plants and microorganisms. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:909-937. [PMCID: PMC9702705 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the typical respiratory manifestations, various disorders including involvement of the nerve system have been detected in COVID-19 ranging from 22 to 36%. Although growing records are focusing on neurological aspects of COVID-19, the pathophysiological mechanisms and related therapeutic methods remain obscure. Considering the increased concerns of SARS-CoV-2 potential for more serious neuroinvasion conditions, the present review attempts to focus on the neuroprotective effects of natural compounds as the principle source of therapeutics inhibiting multiple steps of the SARS-CoV-2 infection cycle. The great majority of the natural products with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity mainly inhibit the attachment, entry and gene expression rather than the replication, assembly, or release. Although microbial-derived natural products comprise 38.5% of the known natural products with neuroprotective effects following viral infection, the neuroprotective potential of the majority of microorganisms is still undiscovered. Among natural products, chrysin, huperzine A, ginsenoside Rg1, pterostilbene, and terrein have shown potent in vitro neuroprotective activity and can be promising for new or repurpose drugs for neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2.
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Wang L, Feng J, Deng Y, Yang Q, Wei Q, Ye D, Rong X, Guo J. CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Proteins in Fibrosis: Complex Roles Beyond Conventional Understanding. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9891689. [PMID: 36299447 PMCID: PMC9575473 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9891689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of at least six identified transcription factors that contain a highly conserved basic leucine zipper domain and interact selectively with duplex DNA to regulate target gene expression. C/EBPs play important roles in various physiological processes, and their abnormal function can lead to various diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrant C/EBP expression or activity is closely associated with the onset and progression of fibrosis in several organs and tissues. During fibrosis, various C/EBPs can exert distinct functions in the same organ, while the same C/EBP can exert distinct functions in different organs. Modulating C/EBP expression or activity could regulate various molecular processes to alleviate fibrosis in multiple organs; therefore, novel C/EBPs-based therapeutic methods for treating fibrosis have attracted considerable attention. In this review, we will explore the features of C/EBPs and their critical functions in fibrosis in order to highlight new avenues for the development of novel therapies targeting C/EBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Feng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyue Deng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quxing Wei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Rubio AR, González R, Busto N, Vaquero M, Iglesias AL, Jalón FA, Espino G, Rodríguez AM, García B, Manzano BR. Anticancer Activity of Half-Sandwich Ru, Rh and Ir Complexes with Chrysin Derived Ligands: Strong Effect of the Side Chain in the Ligand and Influence of the Metal. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1540. [PMID: 34683834 PMCID: PMC8537477 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An important challenge in the field of anticancer chemotherapy is the search for new species to overcome the resistance of standard drugs. An interesting approach is to link bioactive ligands to metal fragments. In this work, we have synthesized a set of p-cymene-Ru or cyclopentadienyl-M (M = Rh, Ir) complexes with four chrysin-derived pro-ligands with different -OR substituents at position 7 of ring A. The introduction of a piperidine ring on chrysin led to the highly cytotoxic pro-ligand HL4 and its metal complexes L4-M (SW480 and A549 cell lines, cytotoxic order: L4-Ir > L4-Ru ≈ L4-Rh). HL4 and its complexes induce apoptosis and can overcome cis-platinum resistance. However, HL4 turns out to be more cytotoxic in healthy than in tumor cells in contrast to its metal complexes which displayed higher selectivity than cisplatin towards cancer cells. All L4-M complexes interact with double stranded DNA. Nonetheless, the influence of the metal is clear because only complex L4-Ir causes DNA cleavage, through the generation of highly reactive oxygen species (1O2). This result supports the hypothesis of a potential dual mechanism consisting of two different chemical pathways: DNA binding and ROS generation. This behavior provides this complex with a great effectivity in terms of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Rubio
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Rocío González
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
| | - Natalia Busto
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Mónica Vaquero
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Ana L. Iglesias
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología (FCITEC), Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Universitario # 1000, Unidad Valle de las Palmas, Baja California, Tijuana 21500, Mexico
| | - Félix A. Jalón
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
| | - Gustavo Espino
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Ana M. Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 2, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Begoña García
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Blanca R. Manzano
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
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10
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An updated review on the versatile role of chrysin in neurological diseases: Chemistry, pharmacology, and drug delivery approaches. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111906. [PMID: 34328092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are responsible for a large number of morbidities and mortalities in the world. Flavonoids are phytochemicals that possess various health-promoting impacts. Chrysin, a natural flavonoid isolated from diverse fruits, vegetables, and even mushrooms, has several pharmacological activities comprising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. The current study was designed to review the relationship between chrysin administration and neurological complications by discussing the feasible mechanism and signaling pathways. Herein, we mentioned the sources, pharmacological properties, chemistry, and drug delivery systems associated with chrysin pharmacotherapy. The role of chrysin was discussed in depression, anxiety, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, epilepsy, cerebral ischemia, spinal cord injury, neuropathy, Multiple Sclerosis, and Guillain-Barré Syndrome. The findings indicate that chrysin has protective effects against neurological conditions by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in animal models. However, more studies should be done to clear the neuroprotective effects of chrysin.
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11
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Xu Y, Kong J, Hu P. Computational Drug Repurposing for Alzheimer's Disease Using Risk Genes From GWAS and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Studies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:617537. [PMID: 34276354 PMCID: PMC8277916 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.617537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditional therapeutics targeting Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related subpathologies have so far proved ineffective. Drug repurposing, a more effective strategy that aims to find new indications for existing drugs against other diseases, offers benefits in AD drug development. In this study, we aim to identify potential anti-AD agents through enrichment analysis of drug-induced transcriptional profiles of pathways based on AD-associated risk genes identified from genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) and single-cell transcriptomic studies. Methods: We systematically constructed four gene lists (972 risk genes) from GWAS and single-cell transcriptomic studies and performed functional and genes overlap analyses in Enrichr tool. We then used a comprehensive drug repurposing tool Gene2Drug by combining drug-induced transcriptional responses with the associated pathways to compute candidate drugs from each gene list. Prioritized potential candidates (eight drugs) were further assessed with literature review. Results: The genomic-based gene lists contain late-onset AD associated genes (BIN1, ABCA7, APOE, CLU, and PICALM) and clinical AD drug targets (TREM2, CD33, CHRNA2, PRSS8, ACE, TKT, APP, and GABRA1). Our analysis identified eight AD candidate drugs (ellipticine, alsterpaullone, tomelukast, ginkgolide A, chrysin, ouabain, sulindac sulfide and lorglumide), four of which (alsterpaullone, ginkgolide A, chrysin and ouabain) have shown repurposing potential for AD validated by their preclinical evidence and moderate toxicity profiles from literature. These support the value of pathway-based prioritization based on the disease risk genes from GWAS and scRNA-seq data analysis. Conclusion: Our analysis strategy identified some potential drug candidates for AD. Although the drugs still need further experimental validation, the approach may be applied to repurpose drugs for other neurological disorders using their genomic information identified from large-scale genomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jiming Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Pingzhao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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12
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Wittrahm R, Takalo M, Marttinen M, Kuulasmaa T, Mäkinen P, Kemppainen S, Martiskainen H, Rauramaa T, Pike I, Leinonen V, Natunen T, Haapasalo A, Hiltunen M. MECP2 Increases the Pro-Inflammatory Response of Microglial Cells and Phosphorylation at Serine 423 Regulates Neuronal Gene Expression upon Neuroinflammation. Cells 2021; 10:860. [PMID: 33918872 PMCID: PMC8070522 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) is a critical transcriptional regulator for synaptic function. Dysfunction of synapses, as well as microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, represent the earliest pathological events in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, expression, protein levels, and activity-related phosphorylation changes of MECP2 were analyzed in post-mortem human temporal cortex. The effects of wild type and phosphorylation-deficient MECP2 variants at serine 423 (S423) or S80 on microglial and neuronal function were assessed utilizing BV2 microglial monocultures and co-cultures with mouse cortical neurons under inflammatory stress conditions. MECP2 phosphorylation at the functionally relevant S423 site nominally decreased in the early stages of AD-related neurofibrillary pathology in the human temporal cortex. Overexpression of wild type MECP2 enhanced the pro-inflammatory response in BV2 cells upon treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) and decreased BV2 cell phagocytic activity. The expression of the phosphorylation-deficient MECP2-S423A variant, but not S80A, further increased the pro-inflammatory response of BV2 cells. In neurons co-cultured with BV2 cells, the MECP2-S423A variant increased the expression of several genes, which are important for the maintenance and protection of neurons and synapses upon inflammatory stress. Collectively, functional analyses in different cellular models suggest that MECP2 may influence the inflammatory response in microglia independently of S423 and S80 phosphorylation, while the S423 phosphorylation might play a role in the activation of neuronal gene expression, which conveys neuroprotection under neuroinflammation-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Wittrahm
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Mari Takalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Mikael Marttinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Petra Mäkinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Susanna Kemppainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Henna Martiskainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland;
- Unit of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ian Pike
- Proteome Sciences plc, Hamilton House, London WC1H 9BB, UK;
| | - Ville Leinonen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland;
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Natunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Neulaniementie 2, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Yliopistonranta 1E, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.W.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (H.M.); (T.N.)
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13
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Bhowmik S, Anand P, Das R, Sen T, Akhter Y, Das MC, De UC. Synthesis of new chrysin derivatives with substantial antibiofilm activity. Mol Divers 2021; 26:137-156. [PMID: 33438129 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance mechanism of microorganisms towards conventional antimicrobials nowadays faces a common health problem. So, searching and development of new antibacterials are in the frontier areas of biochemistry. Functionalizations of various natural products or synthesis of compounds through molecular modeling followed by virtual screening are the ways to obtain potential leads. Chrysin is one of the plant secondary metabolites and is ubiquitously present in majority of plants. It has multi-dimensional potentiality however, with a very low bioavailability causing a very low efficacy. Very few chrysin derivatives possessing antimicrobial activity with a low anti-biofilm efficacy have been found in the literature. Thus, it has been attempted to synthesize a series of new chrysin derivatives (CDs). In this study, twenty-two new derivatives have been synthesized via its 7-OH modulation and antibiofilm activity was evaluated against a model bacterium viz. Escherichia coli MTCC 40 (Gram negative). Eleven CDs coded as 2a, 2b, 2c, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, 2i, 3j, 3k and 3l have been found more potent compared to chrysin (precursor of CDs) against planktonic form of E. coli. Biofilm inhibition studies indicated a noteworthy results for 2a (93.57%), 2b (92.14%), 2f (92.14%) and 3l (93.57%) compared to chrysin (33.57%). E. coli motility was also highly restricted by 2a, 2b, 2f and 3l than chrysin at their sub-inhibitory concentrations. Solubility studies indicated an extended-release of 2a, 2b, 2f and 3l in physiological systems. Relatively higher bioavailability of 2a, 2b, 2f and 3l than chrysin was revealed from the dissolution experiments and was further validated through in silico ADME-based SAR analysis. Hence, this study is more interesting in regard to antibacterial potentiality of chrysin derivatives against Escherichia coli MTCC 40 (Gram negative). Thus, this article might be useful for further design and development of new leads in the context of biofilm-associated bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhen Bhowmik
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Pragya Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226025, India
| | - Riyanki Das
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Women's Polytechnic, Hapania, Tripura, 799130, India
- Department of Nanotechnology, North-Eastern Hill University, Umshing Mawkynroh, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Tirtharaj Sen
- Division of Electrical Engineering, Women's Polytechnic, Hapania, Tripura, 799130, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226025, India
| | - Manash C Das
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Women's Polytechnic, Hapania, Tripura, 799130, India.
| | - Utpal C De
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India.
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14
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Beyrami M, Karimi E, Oskoueian E. Synthesized chrysin-loaded nanoliposomes improves cadmium-induced toxicity in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40643-40651. [PMID: 32671712 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chrysin as a natural flavonoid was encapsulated in nanoliposomal structures, and the synthesized nanoliposome-loaded chrysin (NLC) was further characterized for its physical properties and cytoprotective effects in mice that received cadmium-containing water. The results showed that the synthesized NLC is possessed spherical structure with the size of 185.1 nm and negative surface charge of - 26 mV with a poly dispersity index of 0.26. The mice received cadmium (2 mg/kg body weight/day) through drinking water showed weight loss and decease in the feed intake significantly (p ≤ 0.05). The cadmium notably (p ≤ 0.05) increased the liver enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase; altered the liver metal deposition (cadmium, copper, manganese, selenium, and zinc); and induced hepatic oxidative stress (inducible nitric oxide synthase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase genes) with no remarkable histopathological changes. Furthermore, the cadmium impaired the morphology of jejunum through reducing villus height and villus width and increasing the crypt depth. Providing NLC as a dietary supplement at the concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg mice body weight significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the feed intake and body weight gain, modulated the liver enzymes, and alleviated the hepatic oxidative stress. The NLC also improved the antioxidant mineral deposition in the liver and morphohistological structure of jejunum. Consequently, the NLC is suggested as a potential dietary supplement to alleviate the symptoms of cadmium-induced toxicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsan Beyrami
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Karimi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Oskoueian
- Mashhad Branch, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran.
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15
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Rabaneda-Lombarte N, Blasco-Agell L, Serratosa J, Ferigle L, Saura J, Solà C. Parkinsonian neurotoxicants impair the anti-inflammatory response induced by IL4 in glial cells: involvement of the CD200-CD200R1 ligand-receptor pair. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10650. [PMID: 32606391 PMCID: PMC7326927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides such as rotenone is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease. Dopaminergic neurons are especially sensitive to the toxicity of compounds that inhibit the mitochondrial respiratory chain such as rotenone and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). However, there is scarce information on their effects on glia. To evaluate whether these neurotoxicants affect the immune response of glia, primary mouse mixed glial and microglial cultures were treated with interleukin (IL) 4 in the absence and presence of MPP+ or rotenone. Using qRTPCR or western blot, we determined the expression of anti-inflammatory markers, the CD200R1 microglial receptor and its ligand CD200, and genes regulating glycolysis and oxidative metabolism. ATP and lactate levels were additionally determined as an index of cell metabolism. Microglial phagocytosis was also evaluated. MPP+ and rotenone clearly abrogated the IL4-induced expression of anti-inflammatory markers in mixed glial cultures. CD200 and CD200R1 expression and microglia phagocytosis were also affected by the neurotoxicants. Changes in the mRNA expression of the molecules regulating glycolysis and oxidative metabolism, as well as in ATP levels and lactate release suggested that metabolic reprogramming in response to MPP+ and rotenone differs between microglial and mixed glial cultures. These findings support the hypothesis that parkinsonian neurotoxicants may impair brain immune response altering glial cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Rabaneda-Lombarte
- Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c/Rosselló 161, 6th Floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucas Blasco-Agell
- Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c/Rosselló 161, 6th Floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Serratosa
- Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c/Rosselló 161, 6th Floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ferigle
- Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c/Rosselló 161, 6th Floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Saura
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Solà
- Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c/Rosselló 161, 6th Floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Li TF, Ma J, Han XW, Jia YX, Yuan HF, Shui SF, Guo D, Yan L. Chrysin ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Chen X, Lu J, Zhao X, Chen C, Qiao D, Wang H, Yue X. Role of C/EBP-β in Methamphetamine-Mediated Microglial Apoptosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:366. [PMID: 31496936 PMCID: PMC6712175 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a widely abused psychoactive drug that primarily damages the nervous system. However, the involvement of MA in the survival of microglia remains poorly understood. CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP-β) is a transcription factor and an important regulator of cell apoptosis. Lipocalin2 (lcn2) is a known apoptosis inducer and is involved in many cell death processes. We hypothesized that C/EBP-β is involved in MA-induced lcn2-mediated microglial apoptosis. To test this hypothesis, we measured the protein expression of C/EBP-β after MA treatment and evaluated the effects of silencing C/EBP-β or lcn2 on MA-induced apoptosis in BV-2 cells and the mouse striatum after intrastriatal MA injection. MA exposure increased the expression of C/EBP-β and stimulated the lcn2-mediated modulation of apoptosis. Moreover, silencing the C/EBP-β-dependent lcn2 upregulation reversed the MA-induced microglial apoptosis. The in vivo relevance of these findings was confirmed in mouse models, which demonstrated that the microinjection of anti-C/EBP-β into the striatum ameliorated the MA-induced decrease survival of microglia. These findings provide a new insight regarding the specific contributions of C/EBP-β-lcn2 to microglial survival in the context of MA abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiancong Lu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanxiang Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Qiao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yue
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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CCAAT/enhancer binding protein δ is a transcriptional repressor of α-synuclein. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:509-524. [PMID: 31209363 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein is the main component of Lewy bodies, the intracellular protein aggregates representing the histological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Elevated α-synuclein levels and mutations in SNCA gene are associated with increased risk for Parkinson's disease. Despite this, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating SNCA transcription. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) β and δ are b-zip transcription factors that play distinct roles in neurons and glial cells. C/EBPβ overexpression increases SNCA expression in neuroblastoma cells and putative C/EBPβ and δ binding sites are present in the SNCA genomic region suggesting that these proteins could regulate SNCA transcription. Based on these premises, the goal of this study was to determine if C/EBPβ and δ regulate the expression of SNCA. We first observed that α-synuclein CNS expression was not affected by C/EBPβ deficiency but it was markedly increased in C/EBPδ-deficient mice. This prompted us to characterize further the role of C/EBPδ in SNCA transcription. C/EBPδ absence led to the in vivo increase of α-synuclein in all brain regions analyzed, both at mRNA and protein level, and in primary neuronal cultures. In agreement with this, CEBPD overexpression in neuroblastoma cells and in primary neuronal cultures markedly reduced SNCA expression. ChIP experiments demonstrated C/EBPδ binding to the SNCA genomic region of mice and humans and luciferase experiments showed decreased expression of a reporter gene attributable to C/EBPδ binding to the SNCA promoter. Finally, decreased CEBPD expression was observed in the substantia nigra and in iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons from Parkinson patients resulting in a significant negative correlation between SNCA and CEBPD levels. This study points to C/EBPδ as an important repressor of SNCA transcription and suggests that reduced C/EBPδ neuronal levels could be a pathogenic factor in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies and C/EBPδ activity a potential pharmacological target for these neurological disorders.
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Zhang Y, Chen F, Xiao X, Pan W, Yuan Q, Cao J. Chrysin inhibits sphere formation in SMMC-7721 cells via modulation of SHP-1/STAT3 signaling pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2977-2985. [PMID: 31114345 PMCID: PMC6497861 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s193647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chrysin is a natural flavonoid which has been identified as a candidate anti-cancer agent due to its inhibitory effect on a variety of cancer cells, including targeted inhibition of sphere formation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. However, the mechanism by which chrysin modulates HCC spheres remains unclear. Materials and methods: In this study, we investigate the effect of chrysin on the regulation of SHP-1 and its downstream signal molecule STAT3 to explain the mechanism by which chrysin inhibits sphere formation of HCC cell lines. Results: Here, we found that SHP-1 protein expression was markedly down-regulated in the spheres from both SMMC-7721 and MHCC97H cells. Chrysin significantly inhibited sphere formation and upregulated the expression of SHP-1 protein in both SMMC-7721 and MHCC97H cells, as well as reduced p-STAT3 and Twist1 expressions in SMMC-7721 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of SHP-1 in SMMC-7721 cells resulted in the induction of p-STAT3 and Twist1 protein expression and antagonizing the inhibitory effect of chrysin on sphere formation in SMMC-7721 cells. Conclusion: Overall, the study findings demonstrated that chrysin acts as a candidate for the treatment of HCC through modulating SHP-1/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Food and Drug Vocational College, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Weinan Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Food and Drug Vocational College, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China
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20
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Lee SH, Lee YS, Song JG, Han HK. Improved In vivo Effect of Chrysin as an Absorption Enhancer Via the Preparation of Ternary Solid Dispersion with Brij®L4 and Aminoclay. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:86-92. [PMID: 30246640 PMCID: PMC6635418 DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666180924151458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Chrysin is a strong inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) but it is practically insoluble in water. Effective solubilization of chrysin is critical for its pharmaceutical application as an absorption enhancer via inhibition of BCRP-mediated drug efflux. Objective This study aimed to develop an effective oral formulation of chrysin to improve its in vivo effect as an absorption enhancer. Method Solid dispersions (SDs) of chrysin were prepared with hydrophilic carriers having surface acting properties and a pH modulator. In vitro and in vivo characterizations were performed to select the optimal SDs of chrysin. Results SDs with Brij®L4 and aminoclay was most effective in increasing the solubility of chrysin by 13-53 fold at varying drug-carrier ratios. Furthermore, SDs significantly improved the dissolution rate and extent of drug release. SDs (chrysin: Brij®L4: aminoclay=1:3:5) achieved approximately 60% and 83% drug release within 1 h and 8 h, respectively, in aqueous medium, while the dissolution of the untreated chrysin was less than 13%. XRD patterns indicated the amorphous state of chrysin in SDs. The SD formulation was effective in improving the bioavailability of topotecan, a BCRP substrate in rats. Following oral administration of topotecan with the SDs of chrysin, the Cmax and AUC of topotecan was enhanced by approximately 2.6- and 2-fold, respectively, while the untreated chrysin had no effect. Conclusion The SD formulation of chrysin with Brij®L4 and aminoclay appeared to be promising in improving the dissolution of chrysin and enhancing its in vivo effect as an absorption enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yeo-Song Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae Geun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Korea
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21
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Rabaneda-Lombarte N, Xicoy-Espaulella E, Serratosa J, Saura J, Solà C. Parkinsonian Neurotoxins Impair the Pro-inflammatory Response of Glial Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 11:479. [PMID: 30686998 PMCID: PMC6335390 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the case of Parkinson's disease (PD), epidemiological studies have reported that pesticide exposure is a risk factor for its pathology. It has been suggested that some chemical agents, such as rotenone and paraquat, that inhibit the mitochondrial respiratory chain (in the same way as the PD mimetic toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, MPP+) are involved in the development of PD. However, although the neurotoxic effect of such compounds has been widely reported using in vivo and in vitro experimental approaches, their direct effect on the glial cells remains poorly characterized. In addition, the extent to which these toxins interfere with the immune response of the glial cells, is also underexplored. We used mouse primary mixed glial and microglial cultures to study the effect of MPP+ and rotenone on glial activation, in the absence and the presence of a pro-inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide plus interferon-γ, LPS+IFN-γ). We determined the mRNA expression of the effector molecules that participate in the inflammatory response (pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes), as well as the nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine production. We also studied the phagocytic activity of the microglial cells. In addition, we evaluated the metabolic changes associated with the observed effects, through the measurement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and the expression of genes involved in the control of metabolic pathways. We observed that exposure of the glial cultures to the neurotoxins, especially rotenone, impaired the pro-inflammatory response induced by LPS/IFN-γ. MPP+ and rotenone also impaired the phagocytic activity of the microglial cells, and this effect was potentiated in the presence of LPS/IFN-γ. The deficit in ATP production that was detected, mainly in MPP+ and rotenone-treated mixed glial cultures, may be responsible for the effects observed. These results show that the response of glial cells to a pro-inflammatory challenge is altered in the presence of toxins inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, suggesting that the glial immune response is impaired by such agents. This may have relevant consequences for brain function and the central nervous system's (CNS's) response to insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Rabaneda-Lombarte
- Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Efren Xicoy-Espaulella
- Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Serratosa
- Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Saura
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Solà
- Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Silvester AJ, Aseer KR, Yun JW. Dietary polyphenols and their roles in fat browning. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 64:1-12. [PMID: 30414469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of the presence of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in newborn babies and adult humans, especially constitutively active brown fat or inducible beige fat, has led to the investigation of strategies employing BAT aimed at the development of novel therapeutic avenues for combating obesity and diabetes. Such antiobesity therapeutic tools include pharmaceutical and nutraceutical dietary polyphenols. Although there have been emerging notable advances in knowledge of and an increased amount of research related to brown and beige adipocyte developmental lineages and transcriptional regulators, current knowledge regarding whether and how food factors and environmental modifiers of BAT influence thermogenesis has not been extensively investigated. Therefore, in this review, we summarized recent updates on the exploration of dietary polyphenols while paying attention to the activation of BAT and thermogenesis. Specifically, we summarized findings pertaining to BAT metabolism, white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and thermogenic function of polyphenols (e.g., flavan-3-ols, green tea catechins, resveratrol, capsaicin/capsinoids, curcumin, thymol, chrysin, quercetin and berberine) that may foster a relatively safe and effective therapeutic option to improve metabolic health. We also deciphered the underlying proposed mechanisms through which these dietary polyphenols facilitate BAT activity and WAT browning. Characterization of thermogenic dietary factors may offer novel insight enabling revision of nutritional intervention strategies aimed at obesity and diabetes prevention and management. Moreover, identification of polyphenolic dietary factors among plant-derived natural compounds may provide information that facilitates nutritional intervention strategies against obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanikkai Raja Aseer
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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23
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韦 小, 彭 文, 姜 琦, 李 强, 冯 遵, 戚 之, 齐 世. [Chrysin promotes SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis by regulating MAPKs signaling pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:1187-1194. [PMID: 30377128 PMCID: PMC6744061 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.10.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of chrysin in inducing apoptosis of human hepatic carcinoma cells and explore the possible mechanism. METHODS Human hepatic carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells treated with DMSO or chrysin at different concentrations (5-200 μg/mL) were examined for changes in the cell proliferation using CCK-8 assay. The morphological changes of SMMC-7721 cells were observed in response to treatment with 5, 10, or 20 μg/mL chrysin, and the changes in the cell nuclei were observed using DAPI nuclear staining. Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI flow cytometry was used to determine the cell apoptosis rate. The changes in the apoptosis-related proteins (PARP and caspase-3) and MAPKs signal pathway were detected with Western blotting. RESULTS Chrysin treatment obviously suppressed the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells in a dose-dependent manner below the concentration of 60 μg/mL. Chrysin (20 μg/mL) also caused significantly increased cell apoptosis and significant cleavage of PARP and caspase-3. Chrysin significantly activated MAPKs signaling pathway in a time-and dose-dependent manner, with the peak activation level occurring at 15 min. Pretreatment of the cells with specific inhibitors of the MAPKs pathway obviously inhibited the effect of chrysin in inducing cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Chrysin inhibits the proliferation and promotes apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells by regulating the activation of MAPKs signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- 小彤 韦
- 皖南医学院活性生物大分子重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241002Key Laboratory of Biologically Active Biomacromolecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 文蕊 彭
- 皖南医学院活性生物大分子重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241002Key Laboratory of Biologically Active Biomacromolecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 琦 姜
- 皖南医学院活性生物大分子重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241002Key Laboratory of Biologically Active Biomacromolecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 强 李
- 皖南医学院活性生物大分子重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241002Key Laboratory of Biologically Active Biomacromolecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 遵永 冯
- 皖南医学院法医学院实验中心,安徽 芜湖 241002School of Forensic Medicine Experimental Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 之琳 戚
- 皖南医学院生物化学与分子生物学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 世美 齐
- 皖南医学院生物化学与分子生物学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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24
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Siddiqui A, Akhtar J, Uddin M.S. S, Khan MI, Khalid M, Ahmad M. A Naturally Occurring Flavone (Chrysin): Chemistry, Occurrence, Pharmacokinetic, Toxicity, Molecular Targets and Medicinal Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2018.1498750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Siddiqui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Juber Akhtar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Mohammad Khalid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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25
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Xu Y, Tong Y, Ying J, Lei Z, Wan L, Zhu X, Ye F, Mao P, Wu X, Pan R, Peng B, Liu Y, Zhu J. Chrysin induces cell growth arrest, apoptosis, and ER stress and inhibits the activation of STAT3 through the generation of ROS in bladder cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9117-9125. [PMID: 29805643 PMCID: PMC5958737 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysin is a natural flavone that has various biological activities, including antitumor effects. However, the effect of chrysin on bladder cancer cells remains elusive. The present study investigated the effects of chrysin on bladder cancer cells and its underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that chrysin induced apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway, as evidenced by activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, however not caspase-8. In addition, chrysin reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma (Bcl) proteins including Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bcl-xl, and promoted the protein expression of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 associated X, apoptosis regulator. Chrysin also induced endoplasmic reticulum stress via activation of the unfolded protein response of PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, eIF2α and activating transcription factor 4 in bladder cancer cells. Additionally, chrysin inhibited the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. Furthermore, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected following treatment with chrysin. The ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine inhibited the antitumor effect of chrysin. Collectively, these results indicate chrysin may act as a promising therapeutic candidate for targeting bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Yanyue Tong
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Zhangming Lei
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Wan
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Xiuwen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Penglei Mao
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Xinkuan Wu
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Renbing Pan
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Yukun Liu
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Jianyong Zhu
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
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26
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Martiskainen H, Paldanius KMA, Natunen T, Takalo M, Marttinen M, Leskelä S, Huber N, Mäkinen P, Bertling E, Dhungana H, Huuskonen M, Honkakoski P, Hotulainen P, Rilla K, Koistinaho J, Soininen H, Malm T, Haapasalo A, Hiltunen M. DHCR24 exerts neuroprotection upon inflammation-induced neuronal death. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:215. [PMID: 29115990 PMCID: PMC5678793 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DHCR24, involved in the de novo synthesis of cholesterol and protection of neuronal cells against different stress conditions, has been shown to be selectively downregulated in neurons of the affected brain areas in Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Here, we investigated whether the overexpression of DHCR24 protects neurons against inflammation-induced neuronal death using co-cultures of mouse embryonic primary cortical neurons and BV2 microglial cells upon acute neuroinflammation. Moreover, the effects of DHCR24 overexpression on dendritic spine density and morphology in cultured mature mouse hippocampal neurons and on the outcome measures of ischemia-induced brain damage in vivo in mice were assessed. RESULTS Overexpression of DHCR24 reduced the loss of neurons under inflammation elicited by LPS and IFN-γ treatment in co-cultures of mouse neurons and BV2 microglial cells but did not affect the production of neuroinflammatory mediators, total cellular cholesterol levels, or the activity of proteins linked with neuroprotective signaling. Conversely, the levels of post-synaptic cell adhesion protein neuroligin-1 were significantly increased upon the overexpression of DHCR24 in basal growth conditions. Augmentation of DHCR24 also increased the total number of dendritic spines and the proportion of mushroom spines in mature mouse hippocampal neurons. In vivo, overexpression of DHCR24 in striatum reduced the lesion size measured by MRI in a mouse model of transient focal ischemia. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the augmentation of DHCR24 levels provides neuroprotection in acute stress conditions, which lead to neuronal loss in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Martiskainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaisa M A Paldanius
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Natunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mari Takalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikael Marttinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stina Leskelä
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nadine Huber
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petra Mäkinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Enni Bertling
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hiramani Dhungana
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Huuskonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paavo Honkakoski
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland. .,Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland. .,Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
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27
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Ryu S, Lim W, Bazer FW, Song G. Chrysin induces death of prostate cancer cells by inducing ROS and ER stress. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3786-3797. [PMID: 28213961 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chrysin is a natural flavone found in numerous plant extracts, honey, and propolis that has multiple biological activities including anti-cancer effects. Understanding of biological mechanisms mediated in response to chrysin in cancerous cells may provide novel insight into chemotherapeutic approaches with reduced side effects in cancers. In the present study, we investigated functional roles of chrysin in progression of prostate cancer cells using DU145 and PC-3 cell lines. The results showed that chrysin induced apoptosis of cells evidenced by DNA fragmentation and increasing the population of both DU145 and PC-3 cells in the sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle. In addition, chrysin reduced expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the prostate cancer cell lines compared to untreated prostate cancer cells. Moreover, chrysin induced loss of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), while increasing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Also, it induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) proteins including PRKR-like ER kinase (PERK), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), and 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) in DU145 and PC-3 cells. The chrysin-mediated intracellular signaling pathways suppressed phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and the abundance of AKT, P70S6K, S6, and P90RSK proteins, but stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and activation of ERK1/2 and P38 proteins in the prostate cancer cells. Collectively, these results indicate that chrysin initiates cell death through induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and ER stress, and regulation of signaling pathways responsible for proliferation of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Ryu
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Isolation and characterization of anticancer flavone chrysin (5,7-dihydroxy flavone)-producing endophytic fungi from Passiflora incarnata L. leaves. ANN MICROBIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-017-1263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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29
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Déciga-Campos M, Mata R, Rivero-Cruz I. Antinociceptive pharmacological profile of Dysphania graveolens in mouse. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:933-938. [PMID: 28292021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work evaluates the potential antinociceptive activity of Dysphania graveolens, traditional medicinal plant used in Mexico to treat stomach pain. A CH2Cl2-MeOH extract, infusion and essential oil from aerial parts of Dysphania graveolens were evaluated in hot plate and writhing tests in mice. The metabolites pinostrobin, pinocembrin and chrysin were isolated from the Dysphania graveolens infusion; next, they were evaluated in both nociceptive tests. To confirm the antinociceptive activity and explore the possible participation of opioid, GABA and serotonin receptors in the pharmacological mechanism, a formalin test was used. Oral administration of Dysphania graveolens CH2Cl2-MeOH extract, infusion and essential oil (31-316mg/kg) produced an antinociceptive response to thermic and chemical algesic stimuli. Essential oil was the most active partition of this plant. In addition, the secondary metabolites pinostrobin, pinocembrin and chrysin possess a significant antinociceptive effect. This response was confirmed by the formalin test for the CH2Cl2-MeOH extract of Dysphania graveolens and chrysin. In both cases, the antinociceptive activity was reverted in the presence of naltrexone, flumazenil and bicuculline antagonists. The 5-HT2A/2C receptors did not participate in the antinociceptive response of this plant. The overall information tends to support the efficacy of Dysphania graveolens as an analgesic and its cultural use in abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna Déciga-Campos
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, México.
| | - Rachel Mata
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
| | - Isabel Rivero-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
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30
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Chrysin cocrystals: Characterization and evaluation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 134:361-371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Eatemadi A, Daraee H, Aiyelabegan HT, Negahdari B, Rajeian B, Zarghami N. Synthesis and Characterization of Chrysin-loaded PCL-PEG-PCL nanoparticle and its effect on breast cancer cell line. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1915-1922. [PMID: 27847208 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nano-therapy exhibit the potential of revolutionizing cancer therapy. This field introduces nanovectors/nanocarriers for anticancer drugs targeted delivery, and also finds application in imaging. Chrysin, a natural flavonoid, was recently studied as having important biological roles in chemical defenses, nitrogen fixation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties. We aim at studying the effect of nano-chrysin on breast cancer cell line. METHODS The effect of chrysin loaded PCL-PEG-PCL was studied on T47D breast cancer cell line. The structure and drug-loading of chrysin were characterized using 1H NMR, FT-IR and SEM. The in vitro cytotoxicity of pure and nano-chrysin was tested by the MTT assay. Gene expression of FTO, hTERT, and BRCA1 were evaluated using Real-time PCR. RESULTS Data analysis from MTT assay showed that chrysin has a time-dependent cytotoxic effect on T47D cell line. Furthermore, the results of Real-time PCR suggested that encapsulated chrysin have higher antitumor effect on gene expression of FTO, BRCA1 and hTERT than free chrysin. CONCLUSION Combined nano-chrysin therapy will not only improve cancer cell cytotoxicity, but also be a complementary and potential complex in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Eatemadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochmemistry, Radiopharmacy Lab, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadis Daraee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hammed T Aiyelabegan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochmemistry, Radiopharmacy Lab, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Lim HS, Kim OS, Kim BY, Jeong SJ. Apigetrin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Inhibits Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Microglia and Exerts Neuroprotective Effect in HT22 Hippocampal Cells. J Med Food 2016; 19:1032-1040. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Lim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ohn-Soon Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bu-Yeo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Kosakowska O, Bączek K, Przybył JL, Pióro-Jabrucka E, Węglarz Z. Chemical variability of common skullcap (Scutellaria galericulata L.) wild growing in the area of eastern Poland. HERBA POLONICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/hepo-2016-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction. In the group of plants revealing adaptogenic activity, species belonging to Scutellaria genus are considered to be the most important ones. Common skullcap (Scutellaria galericulata L.) is less known species from this genus, growing wild in Poland in wet habitats. Its herb has been used in the past as a sedative and diuretic agent.
Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the variability of common skullcap in terms of the accumulation of flavonoids in the herb.
Methods. The objects of the study were 17 common skullcap populations growing wild in eastern Poland. At each natural site, the list of main flowering plant species was carried out, according to Braun-Blanquet scale of plant abundance. The total content of flavonoids was determined according to EP 8th. The analysis of flavonoids was carried out using HPLC, Shimadzu chromatograph.
Results. The total content of flavonoids ranged from 0.21 to 0.50% dry matter (DM). Using HPLC, eight compounds were identified within the group, with chrysin-7-O-glucuronide (30.91–589.27 mg × 100 g−1
DM), baicalin (61.90–482.93 mg × 100 g−1
DM) and scutellarin (43.77–213.54 mg × 100 g−1
DM) as dominants. Chrysin was the compound which in the highest degree differentiated investigated populations (CV=0.77).
Conclusion. Obtained results indicate that investigated common skullcap populations differed in terms of the total content of flavonoids as well as the content of indentified flavonoids in the herb. However, there was no clear relationship between geographical localization of populations and the content of identified flavonoids in raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kosakowska
- Laboratory of New Herbal Products, Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bączek
- Laboratory of New Herbal Products, Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław L. Przybył
- Laboratory of New Herbal Products, Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pióro-Jabrucka
- Laboratory of New Herbal Products, Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zenon Węglarz
- Laboratory of New Herbal Products, Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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Bioactive Compounds and Their Neuroprotective Effects in Diabetic Complications. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080472. [PMID: 27483315 PMCID: PMC4997385 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and impaired insulin signaling during the development of diabetes can cause diabetic complications, such as diabetic neuropathy, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Although various therapeutics are available for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, no absolute cure exists, and additional research is necessary to comprehensively understand the underlying pathophysiological pathways. A number of studies have demonstrated the potential health benefits of bioactive compounds, i.e., flavonoids and vitamins, which may be effective as supplementary treatments for diabetes and its complications. In this review, we highlight the most recent reports about the mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds (flavonoids and vitamins) possessing potential neuroprotective properties in diabetic conditions. Additional clinical studies are required to determine the appropriate dose and duration of bioactive compound supplementation for neuroprotection in diabetic patients.
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Chrysin induces brown fat-like phenotype and enhances lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutrition 2016; 32:1002-10. [PMID: 27133810 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many studies have to do with promising therapeutic phytochemicals such as flavonoids to treat obesity and related complications, and a number of dietary compounds have been proposed as tools for increasing energy expenditure and decreasing fat accumulation in mammals. Here, we show that the flavonoid chrysin induces browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes via enhanced expression of brown fat-specific genes and proteins as well as enhances lipid metabolism. METHODS Chrysin-induced fat browning was investigated by determining expression levels of brown fat-specific genes and proteins by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analysis, respectively. RESULTS Chrysin enhanced expression of brown fat-specific markers and increased protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α, PPARγ, PPARδ, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase, hormone sensitive lipase, perilipin, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-1 alpha (PGC-1α), and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), suggesting its possible role in augmentation of lipolysis, fat oxidation, and thermogenesis as well as reduction of lipogenesis. Increased expression of UCP-1 and other brown fat-specific markers was possibly mediated by chrysin-induced activation of AMPK based on the fact that inhibition of AMPK by dorsomorphin abolished expression of PR domain-containing 16, UCP-1, and PGC-1α while the activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide elevated expression of these brown marker proteins. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that chrysin plays a dual modulatory role in the form of inducing the brown-like phenotype as well as enhancing lipid metabolism and thus may be explored as a potentially promising food additive for prevention of obesity.
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Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Habtemariam S, Orhan IE, Daglia M, Manayi A, Gortzi O, Nabavi SM. Neuroprotective effects of chrysin: From chemistry to medicine. Neurochem Int 2015; 90:224-31. [PMID: 26386393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization estimated that the proportion of older people (over 60 years) will increase from 11% to 22% during next 40 years throughout the world. With respect to this, the morbidity and mortality rates of age-related diseases will increase. Mental diseases are the most common and important health problems among elderly people. Therefore, much attention has been paid to the discovery of neuroprotective drugs with high efficacy and negligible adverse effects. A growing body of scientific evidence has shown that phytochemicals possess neuroprotective effects and also mitigate neurodegeneration under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Polyphenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, are known as most common chemical class of phytochemicals which possess a multiple range of health promoting effects. Chrysin, belonging to the flavone class, is one of the most important bioactive constituents of different fruits, vegetables and even mushrooms. Chrysin possesses potent neuroprotective effects and suppress neuroinflammation. In addition, chrysin improves cognitive decline and possesses a potent anti-amyloidogenic and neurotrophic effects. Furthermore, beneficial effects of chrysin on both depression and epilepsy have been reported. The present paper aimed to critically review the available literature data regarding the neuroprotective effects of chrysin as well as its chemistry, sources and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Medway School of Science, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Azadeh Manayi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olga Gortzi
- Department of Food Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Thessaly Terma N. Temponera Str. Greece
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Pulido-Salgado M, Vidal-Taboada JM, Saura J. C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ transcription factors: Basic biology and roles in the CNS. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 132:1-33. [PMID: 26143335 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) β and C/EBPδ are transcription factors of the basic-leucine zipper class which share phylogenetic, structural and functional features. In this review we first describe in depth their basic molecular biology which includes fascinating aspects such as the regulated use of alternative initiation codons in the C/EBPβ mRNA. The physical interactions with multiple transcription factors which greatly opens the number of potentially regulated genes or the presence of at least five different types of post-translational modifications are also remarkable molecular mechanisms that modulate C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ function. In the second part, we review the present knowledge on the localization, expression changes and physiological roles of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in neurons, astrocytes and microglia. We conclude that C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ share two unique features related to their role in the CNS: whereas in neurons they participate in memory formation and synaptic plasticity, in glial cells they regulate the pro-inflammatory program. Because of their role in neuroinflammation, C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in microglia are potential targets for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Any strategy to reduce C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ activity in neuroinflammation needs to take into account its potential side-effects in neurons. Therefore, cell-specific treatments will be required for the successful application of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pulido-Salgado
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Vidal-Taboada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Saura
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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Wu PS, Yen JH, Kou MC, Wu MJ. Luteolin and Apigenin Attenuate 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal-Mediated Cell Death through Modulation of UPR, Nrf2-ARE and MAPK Pathways in PC12 Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130599. [PMID: 26087007 PMCID: PMC4472230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin and apigenin are dietary flavones and exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and neuroprotective effects. The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) has been implicated as a causative agent in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. This study investigates the cytoprotective effects of luteolin and apigenin against 4-HNE-mediated cytotoxicity in neuronal-like catecholaminergic PC12 cells. Both flavones restored cell viability and repressed caspase-3 and PARP-1 activation in 4-HNE-treated cells. Luteolin also mitigated 4-HNE-mediated LC3 conversion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Luteolin and apigenin up-regulated 4-HNE-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to an increase in endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP78 and decrease in the expression of UPR-targeted pro-apoptotic genes. They also induced the expression of Nrf2-targeted HO-1 and xCT in the absence of 4-HNE, but counteracted their expression in the presence of 4-HNE. Moreover, we found that JNK and p38 MAPK inhibitors significantly antagonized the increase in cell viability induced by luteolin and apigenin. Consistently, enhanced phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK was observed in luteolin- and apigenin-treated cells. In conclusion, this result shows that luteolin and apigenin activate MAPK and Nrf2 signaling, which elicit adaptive cellular stress response pathways, restore 4-HNE-induced ER homeostasis and inhibit cytotoxicity. Luteolin exerts a stronger cytoprotective effect than apigenin possibly due to its higher MAPK, Nrf2 and UPR activation, and ROS scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Kou
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Kasala ER, Bodduluru LN, Madana RM, V AK, Gogoi R, Barua CC. Chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of chrysin in cancer: mechanistic perspectives. Toxicol Lett 2015; 233:214-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nebivolol and chrysin protect the liver against ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in rats. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Rauf A, Khan R, Khan H, Tokuda H. Cytotoxic, antitumour-promoting and inhibition of protein denaturation effects of flavonoids, isolated from Potentilla evestita Th. Wolf. Nat Prod Res 2015; 29:1775-8. [PMID: 25588733 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.999336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the isolated flavonoids (chrysin 1, and umbelliferone 2) from Potentilla evestita for cytotoxic, antitumour-promoting and inhibition of protein denaturation activities. The results showed marked cytotoxic effect of compounds 1 and 2 in brine shrimp cytotoxic assay at various concentrations with LD50 of 34.5 and 31.8 mg/mL, respectively. In Epstein-Barr-virus early antigen activation assay, both compounds 1 and 2 illustrated significant antitumour-promoting effect with IC50 values of 462 and 308 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA, respectively. The cytotoxic and antitumour-promoting effects of compounds were strongly supported by inhibition of protein denaturation activity with IC50 of 119 and 112 μg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, both compounds possess strong cytotoxic, antitumour-promoting and inhibition of protein denaturation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- a Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar , Peshawar 25120 , KPK , Pakistan
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Dentesano G, Serratosa J, Tusell JM, Ramón P, Valente T, Saura J, Solà C. CD200R1 and CD200 expression are regulated by PPAR-γ in activated glial cells. Glia 2014; 62:982-98. [PMID: 24639050 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that control microglial activation are of interest, since neuroinflammation, which involves reactive microglia, may be an additional target in the search for therapeutic strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Neuron-microglia interaction through contact-dependent or independent mechanisms is involved in the regulation of the microglial phenotype in both physiological and pathological conditions. The interaction between CD200, which is mainly present in neurons but also in astrocytes, and CD200R1, which is mainly present in microglia, is one of the mechanisms involved in keeping the microglial proinflammatory phenotype under control in physiological conditions. Alterations in the expression of CD200 and CD200R1 have been described in neurodegenerative diseases, but little is known about the mechanism of regulation of these proteins under physiological or pathological conditions. The aim of this work was to study the modulation of CD200 and CD200R1 expression by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), a transcription factor involved in the control of the inflammatory response. Mouse primary neuronal and glial cultures and neuron-microglia cocultures were treated with the PPAR-γ endogenous ligand 15-deoxy-Δ(12, 14) -prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2 ) in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide plus interferon-γ (LPS/IFN-γ)-induced glial activation. We show that 15d-PGJ2 inhibits the pro-inflammatory response and prevents both CD200R1 downregulation and CD200 upregulation in reactive glial cells. In addition, 15d-PGJ2 abrogates reactive-microglia induced neurotoxicity in neuron-microglia cultures through a CD200-CD200R1 dependent mechanism. These results suggest that PPAR-γ modulates CD200 and CD200R1 gene expression and that CD200-CD200R1 interaction is involved in the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective action of PPAR-γ agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Dentesano
- Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August-Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Chrysin attenuates experimental autoimmune neuritis by suppressing immuno-inflammatory responses. Neuroscience 2014; 262:156-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-β expression and elevation in Alzheimer's disease and microglial cell cultures. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86617. [PMID: 24466171 PMCID: PMC3899300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
CCAAT-enhancer binding proteins are transcription factors that help to regulate a wide range of inflammatory mediators, as well as several key elements of energy metabolism. Because C/EBPs are expressed by rodent astrocytes and microglia, and because they are induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines that are chronically upregulated in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cortex, we have investigated whether C/EBPs are expressed and upregulated in the AD cortex. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that C/EBPβ can be detected by Western blots in AD and nondemented elderly (ND) cortex, and that it is significantly increased in AD cortical samples. In situ, C/EBPβ localizes immunohistochemically to microglia. In microglia cultured from rapid autopsies of elderly patient’s brains and in the BV-2 murine microglia cell line, we have shown that C/EBPβ can be upregulated by C/EBP-inducing cytokines or lipopolysaccharide and exhibits nuclear translocation possibly indicating functional activity. Given the known co-regulatory role of C/EBPs in pivotal inflammatory mechanisms, many of which are present in AD, we propose that upregulation of C/EBPs in the AD brain could be an important orchestrator of pathogenic changes.
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Yang B, Huang J, Xiang T, Yin X, Luo X, Huang J, Luo F, Li H, Li H, Ren G. Chrysin inhibits metastatic potential of human triple-negative breast cancer cells by modulating matrix metalloproteinase-10, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:105-12. [PMID: 24122885 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chrysin, a naturally occurring flavone, has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis in various cancers. However, the effect and mechanisms of chrysin on cancer metastasis are still enigmatic. In this study, metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines were used to evaluate the antimetastatic activity of chrysin. The results showed that chrysin (5, 10 and 20 μM) significantly suppressed TNBC cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Human matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) antibody array demonstrated that MMP-10 was downregulated by chrysin, which was further verified by Western blotting and ELISA. Moreover, it was shown that chrysin induced increased E-cadherin expression and decreased expression of vimentin, snail and slug in TNBC cells, suggesting that chrysin had a reversal effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition. More importantly, it was demonstrated that inhibiting the Akt signal pathway might play a central role in chrysin-induced antimetastatic activity by regulating MMP-10 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, our study indicates that chrysin exerts antimetastatic activities in TNBC cells, which suggests that chrysin might be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Balamurugan K, Sterneck E. The many faces of C/EBPδ and their relevance for inflammation and cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:917-33. [PMID: 24155666 PMCID: PMC3805898 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (CEBPD, C/EBPδ) is a transcription factor that modulates many biological processes including cell differentiation, motility, growth arrest, proliferation, and cell death. The diversity of C/EBPδ's functions depends in part on the cell type and cellular context and can have opposing outcomes. For example, C/EBPδ promotes inflammatory signaling, but it can also inhibit pro-inflammatory pathways, and in a mouse model of mammary tumorigenesis, C/EBPδ reduces tumor incidence but promotes tumor metastasis. This review highlights the multifaceted nature of C/EBPδ's functions, with an emphasis on pathways that are relevant for cancer and inflammation, and illustrates how C/EBPδ emerged from the shadow of its family members as a fascinating “jack of all trades.” Our current knowledge on C/EBPδ indicates that, rather than being essential for a specific cellular process, C/EBPδ helps to interpret a variety of cues in a cell-type and context-dependent manner, to adjust cellular functions to specific situations. Therefore, insights into the roles and mechanisms of C/EBPδ signaling can lead to a better understanding of how the integration of different signaling pathways dictates normal and pathological cell functions and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppusamy Balamurugan
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD-21702-1201, U.S.A
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