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Lee IT, Yang CC, Yang CM. Harnessing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists to induce Heme Oxygenase-1: a promising approach for pulmonary inflammatory disorders. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:125. [PMID: 38360670 PMCID: PMC10868008 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ has been extensively shown to attenuate inflammatory responses in conditions such as asthma, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as demonstrated in animal studies. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these inhibitory effects remain largely unknown. The upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to confer protective effects, including antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo. PPARγ is highly expressed not only in adipose tissues but also in various other tissues, including the pulmonary system. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are highly selective agonists for PPARγ and are used as antihyperglycemic medications. These observations suggest that PPARγ agonists could modulate metabolism and inflammation. Several studies have indicated that PPARγ agonists may serve as potential therapeutic candidates in inflammation-related diseases by upregulating HO-1, which in turn modulates inflammatory responses. In the respiratory system, exposure to external insults triggers the expression of inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, and reactive oxygen species, leading to the development of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that the upregulation of HO-1 protects tissues and cells from external insults, indicating that the induction of HO-1 by PPARγ agonists could exert protective effects by inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways and attenuating the development of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying TZD-induced HO-1 expression are not well understood. This review aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which PPARγ agonists induce the expression of HO-1 and explore how they protect against inflammatory and oxidative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan, 333008, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333323, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242062, Taiwan.
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2
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Jia Y, Wang H, Ma B, Zhang Z, Wang J, Wang J, Chen O. Lipid metabolism-related genes are involved in the occurrence of asthma and regulate the immune microenvironment. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:129. [PMID: 38297226 PMCID: PMC10832186 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in asthma pathogenesis. However, a comprehensive analysis of the importance of lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) in regulating the immune microenvironment in asthma remains lacking. The transcriptome matrix was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. Differentially expressed analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) were conducted on the GSE74986 dataset to select hub LMRGs, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to explore their biological functions. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to determine immune infiltration in the asthma and control groups, and the correlation of diagnostic biomarkers and immune cells was performed via Spearman correlation analysis. Subsequently, a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed to investigate the hidden molecular mechanism of asthma. The expression levels of the hub genes were further validated in the GSE143192 dataset, and RT‒qPCR and immunofluorescence were performed to verify the reliability of the results in the OVA asthma model. Lastly, the ceRNA network was confirmed by qRT-PCR and RNAi experiments in the characteristic cytokine (IL-13)-induced asthma cellular model. RESULTS ASAH1, ACER3 and SGPP1 were identified as hub LMRGs and were mainly involved in protein secretion, mTORC1 signaling, and fatty acid metabolism. We found more infiltration of CD8+ T cells, activated NK cells, and monocytes and less M0 macrophage infiltration in the asthma group than in the healthy control group. In addition, ASAH1, ACER3, and SGPP1 were negatively correlated with CD8+ T cells and activated NK cells, but positively correlated with M0 macrophages. Within the ceRNA network, SNHG9-hsa-miR-615-3p-ACER3, hsa-miR-212-5p and hsa-miR-5682 may play crucial roles in asthma pathogenesis. The low expression of ASAH1 and SGPP1 in asthma was also validated in the GSE74075 dataset. After SNHG9 knockdown, miR-615-3p expression was significantly upregulated, while that of ACER3 was significantly downregulated. CONCLUSION ASAH1, ACER3 and SGPP1 might be diagnostic biomarkers for asthma, and are associated with increased immune system activation. In addition, SNHG9-hsa-miR-615-3p-ACER3 may be viewed as effective therapeutic targets for asthma. Our findings might provide a novel perspective for future research on asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmin Jia
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zeyi Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, No. 2, Jianguo Xiaojing 3Rd Road, Shizhong District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Ou Chen
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
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3
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Moll M, Silverman EK. Precision Approaches to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Management. Annu Rev Med 2024; 75:247-262. [PMID: 37827193 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-060622-101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. COPD heterogeneity has hampered progress in developing pharmacotherapies that affect disease progression. This issue can be addressed by precision medicine approaches, which focus on understanding an individual's disease risk, and tailoring management based on pathobiology, environmental exposures, and psychosocial issues. There is an urgent need to identify COPD patients at high risk for poor outcomes and to understand at a mechanistic level why certain individuals are at high risk. Genetics, omics, and network analytic techniques have started to dissect COPD heterogeneity and identify patients with specific pathobiology. Drug repurposing approaches based on biomarkers of specific inflammatory processes (i.e., type 2 inflammation) are promising. As larger data sets, additional omics, and new analytical approaches become available, there will be enormous opportunities to identify high-risk individuals and treat COPD patients based on their specific pathophysiological derangements. These approaches show great promise for risk stratification, early intervention, drug repurposing, and developing novel therapeutic approaches for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Moll
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; ,
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; ,
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Zhao J, Ma X, Li S, Liu C, Liu Y, Tan J, Yu L, Li X, Li W. Berberine hydrochloride ameliorates PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 386:110731. [PMID: 37839514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of respirable particulate matter (PM) have been strongly linked to disease incidence and mortality in population-based epidemiological studies. Berberine hydrochloride (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid found in Coptis chinensis, exhibits antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, the protective effects and underlying mechanism of BBR against pulmonary fibrosis remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of BBR on lung tissue damage using a mouse model of PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis. SPF grade C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups, each consisting of 10 mice. The mice were pretreated with BBR (50 mg/kg) by gavage for 45 consecutive days. A tracheal drip of PM2.5 suspension (8 mg/kg) was administered once every three days for a total of 15 times to induce lung fibrosis. Moreover, the results demonstrated that PM2.5 was found to inhibit the PPARγ signaling pathway, increase ROS expression, upregulate protein levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, as well as regulation of gene expression of STAT3 and SOCS3. Importantly, PM2.5 induced lung fibrosis by promoting collagen deposition, upregulating gene expression of fibrosis markers (TGF-β1, FN, α-SMA, COL-1, and COL-3), and downregulating E-cadherin expression. Remarkably, our findings suggest that these injuries could be reversed by BBR pretreatment. BBR acts as a PPARγ agonist in PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis, activating the PPARγ signaling pathway to mitigate oxidative and inflammatory factor-mediated lung injury. This study provides valuable insights for the future prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhao
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Siqi Li
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chen Liu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China; Weifang Key Laboratory of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jinfeng Tan
- Weifang Environmental Monitoring Station, Weifang, 261044, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China; "Healthy Shandong" Major Social Risk Prediction and Management Collaborative Innovation Center, Weifang, 261053, China; Weifang Key Laboratory of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Wanwei Li
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China; "Healthy Shandong" Major Social Risk Prediction and Management Collaborative Innovation Center, Weifang, 261053, China; Weifang Key Laboratory of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Weifang, 261053, China.
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5
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Savin IA, Zenkova MA, Sen’kova AV. Bronchial Asthma, Airway Remodeling and Lung Fibrosis as Successive Steps of One Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16042. [PMID: 38003234 PMCID: PMC10671561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by persistent respiratory system inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, and airflow obstruction. Airway remodeling, defined as changes in airway wall structure such as extensive epithelial damage, airway smooth muscle hypertrophy, collagen deposition, and subepithelial fibrosis, is a key feature of asthma. Lung fibrosis is a common occurrence in the pathogenesis of fatal and long-term asthma, and it is associated with disease severity and resistance to therapy. It can thus be regarded as an irreversible consequence of asthma-induced airway inflammation and remodeling. Asthma heterogeneity presents several diagnostic challenges, particularly in distinguishing between chronic asthma and other pulmonary diseases characterized by disruption of normal lung architecture and functions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The search for instruments that can predict the development of irreversible structural changes in the lungs, such as chronic components of airway remodeling and fibrosis, is particularly difficult. To overcome these challenges, significant efforts are being directed toward the discovery and investigation of molecular characteristics and biomarkers capable of distinguishing between different types of asthma as well as between asthma and other pulmonary disorders with similar structural characteristics. The main features of bronchial asthma etiology, pathogenesis, and morphological characteristics as well as asthma-associated airway remodeling and lung fibrosis as successive stages of one process will be discussed in this review. The most common murine models and biomarkers of asthma progression and post-asthmatic fibrosis will also be covered. The molecular mechanisms and key cellular players of the asthmatic process described and systematized in this review are intended to help in the search for new molecular markers and promising therapeutic targets for asthma prediction and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aleksandra V. Sen’kova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev Ave 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.A.S.); (M.A.Z.)
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6
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Hassanein EHM, Kamel EO, Gad-Elrab WM, Ahmed MA, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Ali FEM. Lansoprazole attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced cardiopulmonary injury by modulating redox-sensitive pathways and inflammation. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2319-2335. [PMID: 36717473 PMCID: PMC10520119 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a classical chemotherapeutic drug widely used as an anticancer and immunosuppressive agent. However, it is frequently associated with significant toxicities to the normal cells of different organs, including the lung and heart. Lansoprazole (LPZ), a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The current study investigated how LPZ protects against CPA-induced cardiac and pulmonary damage, focusing on PPARγ, Nrf2, HO-1, cytoglobin, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB signaling. Animals were randomly assigned into four groups: normal control group (received vehicle), LPZ only group (Rats received LPZ at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day P.O. for 10 days), CPA group (CPA was administered (200 mg/kg) as a single i.p. injection on the 7th day), and cotreatment group (LPZ plus CPA). Histopathological and biochemical analyses were conducted. Our results revealed that LPZ treatment revoked CPA-induced heart and lung histopathological alterations. Also, LPZ potently mitigated CPA-induced cardiac and pulmonary oxidative stress through the activation of PPARγ, Nrf2/HO-1, cytoglobin, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Also, LPZ effectively suppressed inflammatory response as evidenced by down-regulating the inflammatory strategic controller NF-κB, MPO, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The present findings could provide a mechanistic basis for understanding LPZ's role in CPA-induced cardiopulmonary injury through the alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammatory burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Esam O Kamel
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wail M Gad-Elrab
- Department of Human Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
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7
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Attiq A, Afzal S. Trinity of inflammation, innate immune cells and cross-talk of signalling pathways in tumour microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1255727. [PMID: 37680708 PMCID: PMC10482416 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1255727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Unresolved inflammation is a pathological consequence of persistent inflammatory stimulus and perturbation in regulatory mechanisms. It increases the risk of tumour development and orchestrates all stages of tumorigenesis in selected organs. In certain cancers, inflammatory processes create the appropriate conditions for neoplastic transformation. While in other types, oncogenic changes pave the way for an inflammatory microenvironment that leads to tumour development. Of interest, hallmarks of tumour-promoting and cancer-associated inflammation are striking similar, sharing a complex network of stromal (fibroblasts and vascular cells) and inflammatory immune cells that collectively form the tumour microenvironment (TME). The cross-talks of signalling pathways initially developed to support homeostasis, change their role, and promote atypical proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and subversion of adaptive immunity in TME. These transcriptional and regulatory pathways invariably contribute to cancer-promoting inflammation in chronic inflammatory disorders and foster "smouldering" inflammation in the microenvironment of various tumour types. Besides identifying common target sites of numerous cancer types, signalling programs and their cross-talks governing immune cells' plasticity and functional diversity can be used to develop new fate-mapping and lineage-tracing mechanisms. Here, we review the vital molecular mechanisms and pathways that establish the connection between inflammation and tumour development, progression, and metastasis. We also discussed the cross-talks between signalling pathways and devised strategies focusing on these interaction mechanisms to harness synthetic lethal drug combinations for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Attiq
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sheryar Afzal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Up-regulation of PPAR-γ involved in the therapeutic effect of icariin on cigarette smoke-induced inflammation. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 79:102197. [PMID: 36690317 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) might be a potential anti-inflammatory medication in a variety of diseases including COPD, and previous studies showed that ICA could attenuate cigarette smoke (CS)-induced inflammation by inhibiting nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, a nuclear hormone receptor, has been reported to play a critical role in the inflammatory process in COPD. Whether PPAR-γ is involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of icariin on COPD has scarcely been explored. This study aimed at investigating the role of ICA in PPAR-γ expression in the CS-induced model, and then elucidating the therapeutic effects of ICA on COPD based on the PPARγ-NF-κB signaling pathway. The Beas-2B cells and H292 cells were induced with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 8 h after treatment with ICA for 16 h. The PPARγ expression and NF-κB pathway-related indicators were detected by western blotting, cellular immunofluorescence, and Real-time PCR. The PPARγ knock down or T0070907-treated Beas-2B cells were constructed to further investigate the relationship between the inhibition of NF-κB by ICA and PPARγ. A COPD model was established by CS exposure for 6 months, and ICA (40 mg/kg) was administrated by gastric perfusion. Then, the pulmonary function, lung histology, inflammatory cytokine levels, and protein expressions were detected. We found ICA up-regulated PPARγ protein expression in both Beas-2B cells and H292 cells, and it improved CSE-induced PPARγ down regulation and NF-κB activation. Furthermore, the inhibition of NF-κB pathway by ICA was partially dependent on PPARγ in the PPARγ knock down or T0070907-treated Beas-2B cells, suggesting that ICA attenuated CSE-induced inflammatory responses were associated with modulating the PPARγ-NF-κB pathway. Moreover, ICA showed similar effects on PPARγ and NF-κB expressions in the COPD model, and it effectively ameliorated the pulmonary function and lung inflammatory infiltration in the COPD rat model. Conclusively, the therapeutic effect of ICA on COPD was indirectly achieved by reducing airway inflammation, which was partially associated with modulating the PPARγ-NF-κB signaling pathway.
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9
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Safari S, Davoodi P, Soltani A, Fadavipour M, Rezaeian A, Heydari F, Khazeei Tabari MA, Akhlaghdoust M. Curcumin effects on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1145. [PMID: 36890804 PMCID: PMC9987200 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease of the lungs known as the third reason for death worldwide. Frequent COPD exacerbations compel health care workers to apply interventions that are not adverse effect free. Accordingly, adding or replacing Curcumin, a natural meal flavoring, may indicate advantages in this era by its antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects. Methods The PRISMA checklist was employed for the systematic review study. On June 3, 2022, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies associated with COPD and Curcumin in the last 10 years. Duplicate or non-English publications and articles with irrelevant titles and abstracts were excluded. Also, preprints, reviews, short communications, editorials, letters to the editor, comments, conference abstracts, and conference papers were not included. Results Overall, 4288 publications were found eligible, after the screening, 9 articles were finally included. Among them, one, four, and four in vitro, in vivo, and both in vivo and in vitro research exist respectively. According to the investigations, Curcumin can inhibit alveolar epithelial thickness and proliferation, lessen the inflammatory response, remodel the airway, produce ROS, alleviate airway inflammation, hinder emphysema and prevent ischemic complications. Conclusion Consequently, the findings of the current review demonstrate that Curcumin's modulatory effects on oxidative stress, cell viability, and gene expression could be helpful in COPD management. However, for data confirmation, further randomized clinical trials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Safari
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.,USERN Office, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Poorya Davoodi
- USERN Office, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine University of Padua Padua Italy
| | - Afsaneh Soltani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.,USERN Office Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Fadavipour
- USERN Office Abadan University of Medical Sciences Abadan Iran.,Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine Abadan University of Medical Sciences Abadan Iran
| | - AhmadReza Rezaeian
- USERN Office Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.,Urology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Fateme Heydari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.,USERN Office Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari
- Student Research Committee Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran.,USERN Office Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Meisam Akhlaghdoust
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.,USERN Office, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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10
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Hasankhani A, Bahrami A, Tavakoli-Far B, Iranshahi S, Ghaemi F, Akbarizadeh MR, Amin AH, Abedi Kiasari B, Mohammadzadeh Shabestari A. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the modulation of hyperinflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection: A perspective for COVID-19 therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127358. [PMID: 36875108 PMCID: PMC9981974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that affects the lower and upper respiratory tract in humans. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with the induction of a cascade of uncontrolled inflammatory responses in the host, ultimately leading to hyperinflammation or cytokine storm. Indeed, cytokine storm is a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 immunopathogenesis, directly related to the severity of the disease and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Considering the lack of any definitive treatment for COVID-19, targeting key inflammatory factors to regulate the inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients could be a fundamental step to developing effective therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Currently, in addition to well-defined metabolic actions, especially lipid metabolism and glucose utilization, there is growing evidence of a central role of the ligand-dependent nuclear receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) including PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ in the control of inflammatory signals in various human inflammatory diseases. This makes them attractive targets for developing therapeutic approaches to control/suppress the hyperinflammatory response in patients with severe COVID-19. In this review, we (1) investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms mediated by PPARs and their ligands during SARS-CoV-2 infection, and (2) on the basis of the recent literature, highlight the importance of PPAR subtypes for the development of promising therapeutic approaches against the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Hasankhani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bahrami
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Bahareh Tavakoli-Far
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Setare Iranshahi
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshty University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Ghaemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Reza Akbarizadeh
- Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Amir al momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ali H. Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadzadeh Shabestari
- Department of Dental Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Khorasan Covid-19 Scientific Committee, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Ehrlich A, Ioannidis K, Nasar M, Abu Alkian I, Daskal Y, Atari N, Kliker L, Rainy N, Hofree M, Shafran Tikva S, Houri I, Cicero A, Pavanello C, Sirtori CR, Cohen JB, Chirinos JA, Deutsch L, Cohen M, Gottlieb A, Bar-Chaim A, Shibolet O, Mandelboim M, Maayan SL, Nahmias Y. Efficacy and safety of metabolic interventions for the treatment of severe COVID-19: in vitro, observational, and non-randomized open-label interventional study. eLife 2023; 12:79946. [PMID: 36705566 PMCID: PMC9937660 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Viral infection is associated with a significant rewire of the host metabolic pathways, presenting attractive metabolic targets for intervention. Methods We chart the metabolic response of lung epithelial cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection in primary cultures and COVID-19 patient samples and perform in vitro metabolism-focused drug screen on primary lung epithelial cells infected with different strains of the virus. We perform observational analysis of Israeli patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 and comparative epidemiological analysis from cohorts in Italy and the Veteran's Health Administration in the United States. In addition, we perform a prospective non-randomized interventional open-label study in which 15 patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 were given 145 mg/day of nanocrystallized fenofibrate added to the standard of care. Results SARS-CoV-2 infection produced transcriptional changes associated with increased glycolysis and lipid accumulation. Metabolism-focused drug screen showed that fenofibrate reversed lipid accumulation and blocked SARS-CoV-2 replication through a PPARα-dependent mechanism in both alpha and delta variants. Analysis of 3233 Israeli patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 supported in vitro findings. Patients taking fibrates showed significantly lower markers of immunoinflammation and faster recovery. Additional corroboration was received by comparative epidemiological analysis from cohorts in Europe and the United States. A subsequent prospective non-randomized interventional open-label study was carried out on 15 patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19. The patients were treated with 145 mg/day of nanocrystallized fenofibrate in addition to standard-of-care. Patients receiving fenofibrate demonstrated a rapid reduction in inflammation and a significantly faster recovery compared to patients admitted during the same period. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest that pharmacological modulation of PPARα should be strongly considered as a potential therapeutic approach for SARS-CoV-2 infection and emphasizes the need to complete the study of fenofibrate in large randomized controlled clinical trials. Funding Funding was provided by European Research Council Consolidator Grants OCLD (project no. 681870) and generous gifts from the Nikoh Foundation and the Sam and Rina Frankel Foundation (YN). The interventional study was supported by Abbott (project FENOC0003). Clinical trial number NCT04661930.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Ehrlich
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesJerusalemIsrael
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesJerusalemIsrael
| | - Makram Nasar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Barzilai Medical CenterAshkelonIsrael
| | | | - Yuval Daskal
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesJerusalemIsrael
| | - Nofar Atari
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
| | - Limor Kliker
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
| | - Nir Rainy
- Laboratory Division, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical CenterZerifinItaly
| | - Matan Hofree
- Klarman Cell Observatory, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sigal Shafran Tikva
- Laboratory Division, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical CenterZerifinItaly
- Hadassah Research and Innovation CenterJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of School of Life and Health Sciences, The Jerusalem College of Technology Lev Academic CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Inbal Houri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Arrigo Cicero
- IRCSS S.Orsola-Malpighi University HospitalBolognaItaly
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
- Centro Dislipidemie, Niguarda HospitalMilanoItaly
| | | | - Jordana B Cohen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Julio A Chirinos
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | | | - Merav Cohen
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesJerusalemIsrael
| | - Amichai Gottlieb
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Barzilai Medical CenterAshkelonIsrael
| | - Adina Bar-Chaim
- Laboratory Division, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical CenterZerifinItaly
| | - Oren Shibolet
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | | | - Shlomo L Maayan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Barzilai Medical CenterAshkelonIsrael
| | - Yaakov Nahmias
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesJerusalemIsrael
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12
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Nayeem MA, Geldenhuys WJ, Hanif A. Role of cytochrome P450-epoxygenase and soluble epoxide hydrolase in the regulation of vascular response. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:37-131. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Nayeem MA, Hanif A, Geldenhuys WJ, Agba S. Crosstalk between adenosine receptors and CYP450-derived oxylipins in the modulation of cardiovascular, including coronary reactive hyperemic response. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108213. [PMID: 35597366 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous nucleoside or autacoid that affects the cardiovascular system through the activation of four G-protein coupled receptors: adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR), adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR), adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR), and adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR). With the rapid generation of this nucleoside from cellular metabolism and the widespread distribution of its four G-protein coupled receptors in almost all organs and tissues of the body, this autacoid induces multiple physiological as well as pathological effects, not only regulating the cardiovascular system but also the central nervous system, peripheral vascular system, and immune system. Mounting evidence shows the role of CYP450-enzymes in cardiovascular physiology and pathology, and the genetic polymorphisms in CYP450s can increase susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). One of the most important physiological roles of CYP450-epoxygenases (CYP450-2C & CYP2J2) is the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA) into epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and epoxyoctadecaenoic acid (EpOMEs) which generally involve in vasodilation. Like an increase in coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH), an increase in anti-inflammation, and cardioprotective effects. Moreover, the genetic polymorphisms in CYP450-epoxygenases will change the beneficial cardiovascular effects of metabolites or oxylipins into detrimental effects. The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is another crucial enzyme ubiquitously expressed in all living organisms and almost all organs and tissues. However, in contrast to CYP450-epoxygenases, sEH converts EETs into dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHETs), EpOMEs into dihydroxyoctadecaenoic acid (DiHOMEs), and others and reverses the beneficial effects of epoxy-fatty acids leading to vasoconstriction, reducing CRH, increase in pro-inflammation, increase in pro-thrombotic and become less cardioprotective. Therefore, polymorphisms in the sEH gene (Ephx2) cause the enzyme to become overactive, making it more vulnerable to CVDs, including hypertension. Besides the sEH, ω-hydroxylases (CYP450-4A11 & CYP450-4F2) derived metabolites from AA, ω terminal-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (19-, 20-HETE), lipoxygenase-derived mid-chain hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5-, 11-, 12-, 15-HETEs), and the cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids (prostaglandins: PGD2, PGF2α; thromboxane: Txs, oxylipins) are involved in vasoconstriction, hypertension, reduction in CRH, pro-inflammation and cardiac toxicity. Interestingly, the interactions of adenosine receptors (A2AAR, A1AR) with CYP450-epoxygenases, ω-hydroxylases, sEH, and their derived metabolites or oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs or oxylipins) is shown in the regulation of the cardiovascular functions. In addition, much evidence demonstrates polymorphisms in CYP450-epoxygenases, ω-hydroxylases, and sEH genes (Ephx2) and adenosine receptor genes (ADORA1 & ADORA2) in the human population with the susceptibility to CVDs, including hypertension. CVDs are the number one cause of death globally, coronary artery disease (CAD) was the leading cause of death in the US in 2019, and hypertension is one of the most potent causes of CVDs. This review summarizes the articles related to the crosstalk between adenosine receptors and CYP450-derived oxylipins in vascular, including the CRH response in regular salt-diet fed and high salt-diet fed mice with the correlation of heart perfusate/plasma oxylipins. By using A2AAR-/-, A1AR-/-, eNOS-/-, sEH-/- or Ephx2-/-, vascular sEH-overexpressed (Tie2-sEH Tr), vascular CYP2J2-overexpressed (Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr), and wild-type (WT) mice. This review article also summarizes the role of pro-and anti-inflammatory oxylipins in cardiovascular function/dysfunction in mice and humans. Therefore, more studies are needed better to understand the crosstalk between the adenosine receptors and eicosanoids to develop diagnostic and therapeutic tools by using plasma oxylipins profiles in CVDs, including hypertensive cases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Nayeem
- Faculties of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Ahmad Hanif
- Faculties of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Faculties of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stephanie Agba
- Graduate student, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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14
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Moll M, Boueiz A, Ghosh AJ, Saferali A, Lee S, Xu Z, Yun JH, Hobbs BD, Hersh CP, Sin DD, Tal-Singer R, Silverman EK, Cho MH, Castaldi PJ. Development of a Blood-based Transcriptional Risk Score for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:161-170. [PMID: 34739356 PMCID: PMC8787248 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202107-1584oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The ability of peripheral blood biomarkers to assess chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk and progression is unknown. Genetics and gene expression may capture important aspects of COPD-related biology that predict disease activity. Objectives: Develop a transcriptional risk score (TRS) for COPD and assess the contribution of the TRS and a polygenic risk score (PRS) for disease susceptibility and progression. Methods: We randomly split 2,569 COPDGene (Genetic Epidemiology of COPD) participants with whole-blood RNA sequencing into training (n = 1,945) and testing (n = 624) samples and used 468 ECLIPSE (Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate End-points) COPD cases with microarray data for replication. We developed a TRS using penalized regression (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) to model FEV1/FVC and studied the predictive value of TRS for COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2-4), prospective FEV1 change (ml/yr), and additional COPD-related traits. We adjusted for potential confounders, including age and smoking. We evaluated the predictive performance of the TRS in the context of a previously derived PRS and clinical factors. Measurements and Main Results: The TRS included 147 transcripts and was associated with COPD (odds ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4-4.5; P < 0.001), FEV1 change (β, -17 ml/yr; 95% CI, -28 to -6.6; P = 0.002), and other COPD-related traits. In ECLIPSE cases, we replicated the association with FEV1 change (β, -8.2; 95% CI, -15 to -1; P = 0.025) and the majority of other COPD-related traits. Models including PRS, TRS, and clinical factors were more predictive of COPD (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve, 0.84) and annualized FEV1 change compared with models with one risk score or clinical factors alone. Conclusions: Blood transcriptomics can improve prediction of COPD and lung function decline when added to a PRS and clinical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Moll
- Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Adel Boueiz
- Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Auyon J. Ghosh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | | | - Sool Lee
- Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Jeong H. Yun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Brian D. Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Craig P. Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Don D. Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | | | - Edwin K. Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Peter J. Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Yen FS, Wei JCC, Yang YC, Hsu CC, Hwu CM. Thiazolidinedione Use in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:729518. [PMID: 34957135 PMCID: PMC8695877 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.729518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the effects of various antidiabetic agents on individuals with both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study compared mortality, cardiovascular events and respiratory outcomes in individuals with both T2DM and COPD taking TZD vs. those not taking TZD. From Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, 12 856 propensity-score-matched TZD users and non-users were selected between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2012. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the risks of investigated outcomes. Compared with non-use of TZD, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of TZD use were stroke 1.63 (1.21–2.18), coronary artery disease 1.55 (1.15–2.10), heart failure 1.61 (1.06–2.46), non-invasive positive pressure ventilation 1.82 (1.46–2.27), invasive mechanical ventilation 1.23 (1.09–1.37), bacterial pneumonia 1.55 (1.42–1.70), and lung cancer 1.71 (1.32–2.22), respectively. The stratified analysis disclosed that rosiglitazone, not pioglitazone, was associated with significantly higher risk of major cardiovascular events than TZD non-users. In patients with concomitant T2DM and COPD, TZD use was associated with higher risks of cardiovascular events, ventilation use, pneumonia, and lung cancer. Use of TZD in these patients should be supported by monitoring for cardiovascular and respiratory complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cih Yang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The incidence of allergic diseases such as asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis has risen at an alarming rate over the last century. Thus, there is a clear need to understand the critical factors that drive such pathologic immune responses. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is a nuclear receptor that has emerged as an important regulator of multiple cell types involved in the inflammatory response to allergens; from airway epithelial cells to T Helper (TH) cells. Recent Findings Initial studies suggested that agonists of PPAR-γ could be employed to temper allergic inflammation, suppressing pro-inflammatory gene expression programs in epithelial cells. Several lines of work now suggest that PPAR-γ plays an essential in promoting ‘type 2’ immune responses that are typically associated with allergic disease. PPAR-γ has been found to promote the functions of TH2 cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, M2 macrophages and dendritic cells, regulating lipid metabolism and directly inducing effector gene expression. Moreover, preclinical models of allergy in gene-targeted mice have increasingly implicated PPAR-γ in driving allergic inflammation. Summary Herein, we highlight the contrasting roles of PPAR-γ in allergic inflammation and hypothesize that the availability of environmental ligands for PPAR-γ may be at the heart of the rise in allergic diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Stark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan M Coquet
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christopher A Tibbitt
- Centre for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Xue M, Zeng Y, Lin R, Qu HQ, Zhang T, Zhang XD, Liang Y, Zhen Y, Chen H, Huang Z, Hu H, Zheng P, Hakonarson H, Zhou L, Sun B. Metabolomic profiling of anaerobic and aerobic energy metabolic pathways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1586-1596. [PMID: 33957804 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211008808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While there is no cure for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), its progressive nature and the formidable challenge to manage its symptoms warrant a more extensive study of the pathogenesis and related mechanisms. A new emphasis on COPD study is the change of energy metabolism. For the first time, this study investigated the anaerobic and aerobic energy metabolic pathways in COPD using the metabolomic approach. Metabolomic analysis was used to investigate energy metabolites in 140 COPD patients. The significance of energy metabolism in COPD was comprehensively explored by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease-GOLD grading, acute exacerbation vs. stable phase (either clinical stability or four-week stable phase), age group, smoking index, lung function, and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score. Through comprehensive evaluation, we found that COPD patients have a significant imbalance in the aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolisms in resting state, and a high tendency of anaerobic energy supply mechanism that correlates positively with disease progression. This study highlighted the significance of anaerobic and low-efficiency energy supply pathways in lung injury and linked it to the energy-inflammation-lung ventilatory function and the motion limitation mechanism in COPD patients, which implies a novel therapeutic direction for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yifeng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Runpei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hui-Qi Qu
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Teng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Xiaohua Douglas Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Yueting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yingjie Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Haisheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Peiyan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Divisions of Human Genetics and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Luqian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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18
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Oh KK, Adnan M, Cho DH. Network pharmacology approach to decipher signaling pathways associated with target proteins of NSAIDs against COVID-19. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9606. [PMID: 33953223 PMCID: PMC8100301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) showed promising clinical efficacy toward COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) patients as potent painkillers and anti-inflammatory agents. However, the prospective anti-COVID-19 mechanisms of NSAIDs are not evidently exposed. Therefore, we intended to decipher the most influential NSAIDs candidate(s) and its novel mechanism(s) against COVID-19 by network pharmacology. FDA (U.S. Food & Drug Administration) approved NSAIDs (19 active drugs and one prodrug) were used for this study. Target proteins related to selected NSAIDs and COVID-19 related target proteins were identified by the Similarity Ensemble Approach, Swiss Target Prediction, and PubChem databases, respectively. Venn diagram identified overlapping target proteins between NSAIDs and COVID-19 related target proteins. The interactive networking between NSAIDs and overlapping target proteins was analyzed by STRING. RStudio plotted the bubble chart of the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis of overlapping target proteins. Finally, the binding affinity of NSAIDs against target proteins was determined through molecular docking test (MDT). Geneset enrichment analysis exhibited 26 signaling pathways against COVID-19. Inhibition of proinflammatory stimuli of tissues and/or cells by inactivating the RAS signaling pathway was identified as the key anti-COVID-19 mechanism of NSAIDs. Besides, MAPK8, MAPK10, and BAD target proteins were explored as the associated target proteins of the RAS. Among twenty NSAIDs, 6MNA, Rofecoxib, and Indomethacin revealed promising binding affinity with the highest docking score against three identified target proteins, respectively. Overall, our proposed three NSAIDs (6MNA, Rofecoxib, and Indomethacin) might block the RAS by inactivating its associated target proteins, thus may alleviate excessive inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Kwang Oh
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Md Adnan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Dong Ha Cho
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea.
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19
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Yuvaraj S, Kumar BRP. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ as a novel and promising target for treating cancer via regulation of inflammation: A brief review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:3-14. [PMID: 33888047 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210422112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are group of nuclear receptors and the ligand-activated intracellular transcription factors that are known to play a key role in physiological processes such as cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, tissue remodeling, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. However, in the past two decades, many reports claim that PPARs also play an imperious role as a tumor suppressor. PPAR- gamma (PPARγ), one of the best-known from the family of PPARs, is known to express in colon, breast, bladder, lung, and prostate cancer cells. Its function in tumour cells includes the modulation of several pathways involved in multiplication and apoptosis. The ligands of PPARγ act by PPARγ dependent as well as independent pathways and are also found to regulate different inflammatory mediators and transcription factors in systemic inflammation and in tumor microenvironment. Both synthetic and natural ligands that are known to activate PPARγ, suppress the tumor cell growth and multiplication through the regulation of inflammatory pathways, as found out from different functional assays and animal studies. Cancer and inflammation are interconnected process that are now being targeted to achieve tumor suppression by decreasing the risks and burden posed by cancer cells. Therefore, PPARγ can serve as a promising target for development of clinical drug molecule attenuating the proliferation of cancer cells. In this perspective, this mini review highlights the PPARγ as a potential target for drug development aiming for anti-inflammatory and thereby suppressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yuvaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru - 570015, India
| | - B R Prashantha Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru - 570015, India
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20
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Phenolic Compounds of Propolis Alleviate Lipid Metabolism Disorder. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7615830. [PMID: 33688365 PMCID: PMC7914084 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7615830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorder is one of the significant risk factors for a multitude of human diseases and has become a serious threat to human health. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of phenolics from poplar-type propolis on regulating lipid metabolism by using cell models of steatosis induced by palmitic acid (PA). Our study shows that phenolic esters have higher lipid-lowering activities than phenolic acids, especially for three caffeic acid esters, including caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), caffeic acid cinnamyl ester (CACE), and caffeic acid benzyl ester (CABE). Most notably, CACE presents prominent properties to prevent intracellular lipid accumulation and to amend extracellular adipokine secretion abnormalities. In addition, our results firstly reveal that CACE can alleviate lipid metabolism disorder through mediating protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) signaling pathway-associated protein expression, suppressing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) by distinct upregulation of PPARα and downregulation of PPARγ.
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Tiwari D, Gupta P. Nuclear Receptors in Asthma: Empowering Classical Molecules Against a Contemporary Ailment. Front Immunol 2021; 11:594433. [PMID: 33574813 PMCID: PMC7870687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalation in living standards and adoption of 'Western lifestyle' has an allied effect on the increased allergy and asthma burden in both developed and developing countries. Current scientific reports bespeak an association between allergic diseases and metabolic dysfunction; hinting toward the critical requirement of organized lifestyle and dietary habits. The ubiquitous nuclear receptors (NRs) translate metabolic stimuli into gene regulatory signals, integrating diet inflences to overall developmental and physiological processes. As a consequence of such promising attributes, nuclear receptors have historically been at the cutting edge of pharmacy world. This review discusses the recent findings that feature the cardinal importance of nuclear receptors and how they can be instrumental in modulating current asthma pharmacology. Further, it highlights a possible future employment of therapy involving dietary supplements and synthetic ligands that would engage NRs and aid in eliminating both asthma and linked comorbidities. Therefore, uncovering new and evolving roles through analysis of genomic changes would represent a feasible approach in both prevention and alleviation of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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22
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de Carvalho MV, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Silva AR. PPAR Gamma: From Definition to Molecular Targets and Therapy of Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020805. [PMID: 33467433 PMCID: PMC7830538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate the expression of genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation. There are three members: PPARα, PPARβ or PPARγ. PPARγ have several ligands. The natural agonists are omega 9, curcumin, eicosanoids and others. Among the synthetic ligands, we highlight the thiazolidinediones, clinically used as an antidiabetic. Many of these studies involve natural or synthetic products in different pathologies. The mechanisms that regulate PPARγ involve post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, sumoylation and ubiquitination, among others. It is known that anti-inflammatory mechanisms involve the inhibition of other transcription factors, such as nuclear factor kB(NFκB), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) or activator protein 1 (AP-1), or intracellular signaling proteins such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. PPARγ transrepresses other transcription factors and consequently inhibits gene expression of inflammatory mediators, known as biomarkers for morbidity and mortality, leading to control of the exacerbated inflammation that occurs, for instance, in lung injury/acute respiratory distress. Many studies have shown the therapeutic potentials of PPARγ on pulmonary diseases. Herein, we describe activities of the PPARγ as a modulator of inflammation, focusing on lung injury and including definition and mechanisms of regulation, biological effects and molecular targets, and its role in lung diseases caused by inflammatory stimuli, bacteria and virus, and molecular-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia V. de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Cassiano F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.F.G.-d.-A.); (A.R.S.)
| | - Adriana R. Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.F.G.-d.-A.); (A.R.S.)
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AMORUSO A, BALBO PE, PATRUCCO F, GAVELLI F, CASTELLO LM, BARDELLI C, NERI T, CELI A, FOCI V, FRESU LG, BRUNELLESCHI S. Monocyte-derived microparticles stimulate alveolar macrophages from patients with sarcoidosis: modulation by PPARγ. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.20.02632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mitchell JA, Kirkby NS, Ahmetaj-Shala B, Armstrong PC, Crescente M, Ferreira P, Lopes Pires ME, Vaja R, Warner TD. Cyclooxygenases and the cardiovascular system. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 217:107624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wang C, Zhou J, Wang J, Li S, Fukunaga A, Yodoi J, Tian H. Progress in the mechanism and targeted drug therapy for COPD. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:248. [PMID: 33110061 PMCID: PMC7588592 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis characterised by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow. The prevalence of COPD has increased over the last decade and the drugs most commonly used to treat it, such as glucocorticoids and bronchodilators, have significant therapeutic effects; however, they also cause side effects, including infection and immunosuppression. Here we reviewed the pathogenesis and progression of COPD and elaborated on the effects and mechanisms of newly developed molecular targeted COPD therapeutic drugs. Among these new drugs, we focussed on thioredoxin (Trx). Trx effectively prevents the progression of COPD by regulating redox status and protease/anti-protease balance, blocking the NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways, suppressing the activation and migration of inflammatory cells and the production of cytokines, inhibiting the synthesis and the activation of adhesion factors and growth factors, and controlling the cAMP-PKA and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. The mechanism by which Trx affects COPD is different from glucocorticoid-based mechanisms which regulate the inflammatory reaction in association with suppressing immune responses. In addition, Trx also improves the insensitivity of COPD to steroids by inhibiting the production and internalisation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Taken together, these findings suggest that Trx may be the ideal drug for treating COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixue Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jiedong Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Shujing Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Junji Yodoi
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Department of Biological Response, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hai Tian
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China.
- Jiaozhimei Biotechnology (Shaoxing) Co, Ltd, Shaoxing, 312000, China.
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Bidirectional interaction of airway epithelial remodeling and inflammation in asthma. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1063-1079. [PMID: 32369100 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that has long been viewed predominately as an inflammatory condition. Accordingly, current therapeutic interventions focus primarily on resolving inflammation. However, the mainstay of asthma therapy neither fully improves lung function nor prevents disease exacerbations, suggesting involvement of other factors. An emerging concept now holds that airway remodeling, another major pathological feature of asthma, is as important as inflammation in asthma pathogenesis. Structural changes associated with asthma include disrupted epithelial integrity, subepithelial fibrosis, goblet cell hyperplasia/metaplasia, smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia, and enhanced vascularity. These alterations are hypothesized to contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness, airway obstruction, airflow limitation, and progressive decline of lung function in asthmatic individuals. Consequently, targeting inflammation alone does not suffice to provide optimal clinical benefits. Here we review asthmatic airway remodeling, focusing on airway epithelium, which is critical to maintaining a healthy respiratory system, and is the primary defense against inhaled irritants. In asthma, airway epithelium is both a mediator and target of inflammation, manifesting remodeling and resulting obstruction among its downstream effects. We also highlight the potential benefits of therapeutically targeting airway structural alterations. Since pathological tissue remodeling is likewise observed in other injury- and inflammation-prone tissues and organs, our discussion may have implications beyond asthma and lung disease.
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Scala V, Pucci N, Salustri M, Modesti V, L’Aurora A, Scortichini M, Zaccaria M, Momeni B, Reverberi M, Loreti S. Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca and olive produced lipids moderate the switch adhesive versus non-adhesive state and viceversa. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233013. [PMID: 32413086 PMCID: PMC7228078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Global trade and climate change are re-shaping the distribution map of pandemic pathogens. One major emerging concern is Xylella fastidiosa, a tropical bacterium recently introduced into Europe from America. In last decades, X. fastidiosa was detected in several European countries. X. fastidiosa is an insect vector-transmitted bacterial plant pathogen associated with severe diseases in a wide range of hosts. X. fastidiosa through a tight coordination of the adherent biofilm and the planktonic states, invades the host systemically. The planktonic phase is correlated to low cell density and vessel colonization. Increase in cell density triggers a quorum sensing system based on mixture of cis 2-enoic fatty acids-diffusible signalling factors (DSF) that promote stickiness and biofilm. The lipidome profile of Olea europaea L. (cv. Ogliarola salentina) samples, collected in groves located in infected zones and uninfected zones was performed. The untargeted analysis of the lipid profiles of Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS) positive (+) and negative (-) plants showed a clustering of OQDS+ plants apart from OQDS-. The targeted lipids profile of plants OQDS+ and OQDS- identified a shortlist of 10 lipids that increase their amount in OQDS+ and X. fastidiosa positive olive trees. These lipid entities, provided to X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca pure culture, impact on the dual phase, e.g. planktonic ↔ biofilm. This study provides novel insights on OQDS lipid hallmarks and on molecules that might modulate biofilm phase in X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Scala
- Council for Agricultural research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Roma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Pucci
- Council for Agricultural research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Roma, Italy
| | - Manuel Salustri
- Dept. of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Vanessa Modesti
- Council for Agricultural research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia L’Aurora
- Council for Agricultural research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Scortichini
- Council for Agricultural research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Zaccaria
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States of America
| | - Babak Momeni
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Stefania Loreti
- Council for Agricultural research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Roma, Italy
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Mamber SW, Gurel V, Lins J, Ferri F, Beseme S, McMichael J. Effects of cannabis oil extract on immune response gene expression in human small airway epithelial cells (HSAEpC): implications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). J Cannabis Res 2020; 2:5. [PMID: 33526116 PMCID: PMC7819312 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-019-0014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is commonly associated with both a pro-inflammatory and a T-helper 1 (Th1) immune response. It was hypothesized that cannabis oil extract can alleviate COPD symptoms by eliciting an anti-inflammatory Th2 immune response. Accordingly, the effects of cannabis oil extract on the expression of 84 Th2 and related immune response genes in human small airways epithelial cells (HSAEpC) were investigated. Methods HSAEpC from a single donor were treated with three dilutions of a standardized cannabis oil extract (1:400, 1:800 and 1:1600) along with a solvent control (0.25% [2.5 ul/ml] ethanol) for 24 h. There were four replicates per treatment dilution, and six for the control. RNA isolated from cells were employed in pathway-focused quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) microarray assays. Results The extract induced significant (P < 0.05) changes in expression of 37 tested genes. Six genes (CSF2, IL1RL1, IL4, IL13RA2, IL17A and PPARG) were up-regulated at all three dilutions. Another two (CCL22 and TSLP) were up-regulated while six (CLCA1, CMA1, EPX, LTB4R, MAF and PMCH) were down-regulated at the 1:400 and 1:800 dilutions. The relationship of differentially-expressed genes of interest to biologic pathways was explored using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Conclusions This exploratory investigation indicates that cannabis oil extract may affect expression of specific airway epithelial cell genes that could modulate pro-inflammatory or Th1 processes in COPD. These results provide a basis for further investigations and have prompted in vivo studies of the effects of cannabis oil extract on pulmonary function. Trial registration NONE (all in vitro experiments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Mamber
- Beech Tree Labs Inc., 1 Virginia Ave, Suite 103, Providence, RI, 02905, USA.,The Institute for Therapeutic Discovery, Delanson, NY, 12053, USA
| | - Volkan Gurel
- Beech Tree Labs Inc., 1 Virginia Ave, Suite 103, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Jeremy Lins
- Beech Tree Labs Inc., 1 Virginia Ave, Suite 103, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Fred Ferri
- NCM Biotechnology, Newport, RI, 02840, USA
| | - Sarah Beseme
- Beech Tree Labs Inc., 1 Virginia Ave, Suite 103, Providence, RI, 02905, USA.
| | - John McMichael
- Beech Tree Labs Inc., 1 Virginia Ave, Suite 103, Providence, RI, 02905, USA.,The Institute for Therapeutic Discovery, Delanson, NY, 12053, USA
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Kim-Campbell N, Gretchen C, Ritov VB, Kochanek PM, Balasubramani GK, Kenny E, Sharma M, Viegas M, Callaway C, Kagan VE, Bayir H. Bioactive Oxylipins in Infants and Children With Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2020; 21:33-41. [PMID: 31305328 PMCID: PMC7388063 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the production of 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid during cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children undergoing cardiac surgery, evaluate their relationship with increase in cell-free plasma hemoglobin, provide evidence of bioactivity through markers of inflammation and vasoactivity (WBC count, milrinone use, vasoactive-inotropic score), and examine their association with overall clinical burden (ICU/hospital length of stay and mechanical ventilation duration). DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Twelve-bed cardiac ICU in a university-affiliated children's hospital. PATIENTS Children were prospectively enrolled during their preoperative clinic appointments with the following criteria: greater than 1 month to less than 18 years old, procedures requiring cardiopulmonary bypass INTERVENTIONS:: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Plasma was collected at the start and end of cardiopulmonary bypass in 34 patients. 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, plasma hemoglobin, and WBC increased. 9:13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid at the start of cardiopulmonary bypass was associated with vasoactive-inotropic score at 2-24 hours postcardiopulmonary bypass (R = 0.25; p < 0.01), milrinone use (R = 0.17; p < 0.05), and WBC (R = 0.12; p < 0.05). 9:13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass was associated with vasoactive-inotropic score at 2-24 hours (R = 0.17; p < 0.05), 24-48 hours postcardiopulmonary bypass (R = 0.12; p < 0.05), and milrinone use (R = 0.19; p < 0.05). 9:13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid at the start and end of cardiopulmonary bypass were associated with the changes in plasma hemoglobin (R = 0.21 and R = 0.23; p < 0.01). The changes in plasma hemoglobin was associated with milrinone use (R = 0.36; p < 0.001) and vasoactive-inotropic score less than 2 hours (R = 0.22; p < 0.01), 2-24 hours (R = 0.24; p < 0.01), and 24-48 hours (R = 0.48; p < 0.001) postcardiopulmonary bypass. Cardiopulmonary bypass duration, 9:13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid at start of cardiopulmonary bypass, and plasma hemoglobin may be risk factors for high vasoactive-inotropic score. Cardiopulmonary bypass duration, changes in plasma hemoglobin, 9:13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, and vasoactive-inotropic score correlate with ICU and hospital length of stay and/mechanical ventilation days. CONCLUSIONS In low-risk pediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, 9:13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid was associated with changes in plasma hemoglobin, vasoactive-inotropic score, and WBC count, and may be a risk factor for high vasoactive-inotropic score, indicating possible inflammatory and vasoactive effects. Further studies are warranted to delineate the role of hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids and plasma hemoglobin in cardiopulmonary bypass-related dysfunction and to explore hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid production as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahmah Kim-Campbell
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Catherine Gretchen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Vladimir B Ritov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Patrick M. Kochanek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Elizabeth Kenny
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mahesh Sharma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Melita Viegas
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Clifton Callaway
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Multiplex profiling of inflammation-related bioactive lipid mediators in Toxocara canis- and Toxocara cati-induced neurotoxocarosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007706. [PMID: 31557153 PMCID: PMC6762062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Somatic migration of Toxocara canis- and T. cati-larvae in humans may cause neurotoxocarosis (NT) when larvae accumulate and persist in the central nervous system (CNS). Host- or parasite-induced immunoregulatory processes contribute to the pathogenesis; however, detailed data on involvement of bioactive lipid mediators, e.g. oxylipins or eico-/docosanoids, which are involved in the complex molecular signalling network during infection and inflammation, are lacking. Methodology/Principal findings To elucidate if T. canis- and T. cati-induced NT affects the homeostasis of oxylipins during the course of infection, a comprehensive lipidomic profiling in brains (cerebra and cerebella) of experimentally infected C57BL/6J mice was conducted at six different time points post infection (pi) by liquid-chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Only minor changes were detected regarding pro-inflammatory prostaglandins (cyclooxygenase pathway). In contrast, a significant increase of metabolites resulting from lipoxygenase pathways was observed for both infection groups and brain regions, implicating a predominantly anti-inflammatory driven immune response. This observation was supported by a significantly increased 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE)/9-HODE ratio during the subacute phase of infection, indicating an anti-inflammatory response to neuroinfection. Except for the specialised pro-resolving mediator (SPM) neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), which was detected in mice infected with both pathogens during the subacute phase of infection, no other SPMs were detected. Conclusions/Significance The obtained results demonstrate the influence of Toxocara spp. on oxylipins as part of the immune response of the paratenic hosts. Furthermore, this study shows differences in the alteration of the oxylipin composition between T. canis- and T. cati-brain infection. Results contribute to a further understanding of the largely unknown pathogenesis and mechanisms of host-parasite interactions during NT. Neurotoxocarosis (NT) is induced by larvae of the zoonotic roundworms Toxocara canis and T. cati migrating and persisting in the central nervous system of paratenic hosts, and may be accompanied by severe neurological symptoms. Toxocara spp. are known to modulate the hosts’ immune response, but data concerning involvement of signalling molecules are lacking. An important class of mediators participating in the complex molecular signalling network during infection and inflammation are bioactive regulatory lipids, derived from arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids. For a better understanding of inflammatory processes in the brain during an infection with Toxocara spp., a comprehensive analysis of regulatory lipids was conducted. The infection was predominantly characterised by only minor changes in the pattern of pro-inflammatory oxylipins, while anti-inflammatory metabolites, derived from lipoxygenase pathways, were significantly elevated in the subacute phase as well as in the beginning of the chronic phase of infection. This trend was also reflected in the 13-HODE/9-HODE ratio, a biomarker for the immunological status of an active infection. Obtained data provide a valuable insight in the host’s immune reaction as response against neuroinvasive Toxocara spp.-larvae, contributing to the characterisation of the mostly unknown pathogenesis of NT.
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Ke Q, Yang L, Cui Q, Diao W, Zhang Y, Xu M, He B. Ciprofibrate attenuates airway remodeling in cigarette smoke-exposed rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 271:103290. [PMID: 31525465 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a key pathological lesion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and it leads to poorly reversible airway obstruction. Current pharmacological interventions are ineffective at controlling airway remodeling. To address this issue, we queried the Connectivity Map (cMap) database to screen for drug candidates that had the potential to dilate the bronchus and inhibit airway smooth muscle (ASM) proliferation. We identified ciprofibrate as a drug candidate. Ciprofibrate inhibited cigarette smoke extract-induced rat ASM cell contraction and proliferation in vitro. We exposed Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to clean air or cigarette smoke (CS) and treated the rats with ciprofibrate. Ciprofibrate improved pulmonary function, inhibited airway hypercontraction, and ameliorated morphological small airway remodeling, including airway smooth muscle proliferation, in CS-exposed rats. Ciprofibrate also significantly reduced IL-1β, IL-12p70, IL-17A and IL-18 expression, which are related to airway remodeling, in the sera of CS-exposed rats. These findings indicate that ciprofibrate could attenuate airway remodeling in CS-exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, MOE Key Lab of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenqi Diao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research. Beijing, China.
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research. Beijing, China; Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Bei He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Arabipour I, Amani J, Mirhosseini SA, Salimian J. The study of genes and signal transduction pathways involved in mustard lung injury: A gene therapy approach. Gene 2019; 714:143968. [PMID: 31323308 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.143968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a destructive and harmful chemical agent for the eyes, skin and lungs that causes short-term and long-term lesions and was widely used in Iraq war against Iran (1980-1988). SM causes DNA damages, oxidative stress, and Inflammation. Considering the similarities between SM and COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) pathogens and limited available treatments, a novel therapeutic approach is not developed. Gene therapy is a novel therapeutic approach that uses genetic engineering science in treatment of most diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this review, attempts to presenting a comprehensive study of mustard lung and introducing the genes therapy involved in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphasizing the pathways and genes involved in the pathology and pathogenesis of sulfur Mustard. It seems that, given the high potential of gene therapy and the fact that this experimental technique is a candidate for the treatment of pulmonary diseases, further study of genes, vectors and gene transfer systems can draw a very positive perspective of gene therapy in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Arabipour
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Mirhosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Salimian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Caramori G, Ruggeri P, Mumby S, Ieni A, Lo Bello F, Chimankar V, Donovan C, Andò F, Nucera F, Coppolino I, Tuccari G, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM. Molecular links between COPD and lung cancer: new targets for drug discovery? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:539-553. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1615884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Caramori
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lo Bello
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vrushali Chimankar
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Filippo Andò
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Coppolino
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Ultimo, and Centenary Institute, Centre for Inflammation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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Li Q, Sun J, Mohammadtursun N, Wu J, Dong J, Li L. Curcumin inhibits cigarette smoke-induced inflammation via modulating the PPARγ-NF-κB signaling pathway. Food Funct 2019; 10:7983-7994. [PMID: 31773117 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02159k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The PPARγ-NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin on cigarette smoke-induced COPD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine
- Huashan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200040
- China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine
- Huashan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200040
- China
| | | | - Jinfeng Wu
- Institutes of Dermatology
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200040
- China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine
- Huashan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200040
- China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine
- Huashan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200040
- China
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35
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Identification and Molecular Characterization of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor δ as a Novel Target for Covalent Modification by 15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:3269-3278. [PMID: 30398845 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PPARδ belongs to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of nuclear receptors. Upon activation by an agonist, PPARδ controls a variety of physiological processes via regulation of its target genes. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) is a cyclopentenone prostaglandin that features an electrophilic, α,β-unsaturated ketone (an enone) in the cyclopentenone ring. Many of 15d-PGJ2's biological effects result from covalent interaction between C9 and the thiol group of a catalytic cysteine (Cys) in target proteins. In this study, we investigated whether 15d-PGJ2 activates PPARδ by forming a covalent adduct. Our data show that 15d-PGJ2 activates PPARδ's transcriptional activity through formation of a covalent adduct between its endocyclic enone at C9 and Cys249 in the receptor's ligand-binding domain. As expected, no adduct formation was seen following a Cys-to-Ser mutation at residue 249 (C249S) of PPARδ or with a PGD2/PGJ2 analogue that lacks the electrophilic C9. Furthermore, the PPARδ C249S mutation weakened induction of the receptor's DNA binding activity by 15d-PGJ2, which highlights the biological significance of our findings. Calculated chemical properties as well as data from molecular orbital calculations, reactive molecular dynamics simulations, and intrinsic reaction coordinate modeling also supported the selectivity of 15d-PGJ2's C9 toward PPARδ's Cys thiol. In summary, our results provide the molecular, chemical, and structural basis of 15d-PGJ2-mediated PPARδ activation, designating 15d-PGJ2 as the first covalent PPARδ ligand to be identified.
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Reddy AT, Lakshmi SP, Banno A, Reddy RC. Role of GPx3 in PPARγ-induced protection against COPD-associated oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:350-357. [PMID: 30118830 PMCID: PMC6368849 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke, a source of numerous oxidants, produces oxidative stress and exaggerated inflammatory responses that lead to irreversible lung tissue damage. It is the single, most significant risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although an intrinsic defense system that includes both enzymatic and non-enzymatic modulators exists to protect lung tissues against oxidative stress, impairment of these protective mechanisms has been demonstrated in smokers and COPD patients. The antioxidant enzyme GSH peroxidase (GPx) is an important part of this intrinsic defense system. Although cigarette smoke has been shown to downregulate its expression and activity, the underlying mechanism is not known. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear hormone receptor with antioxidant effects. PPARγ activation has demonstrated protective effects against cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Molecular mechanisms for PPARγ's antioxidant function likewise remain to be elucidated. This study explored the link between PPARγ and GPx3 and found a positive association in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-exposed human bronchial epithelial cells. Moreover, we provide evidence that identifies GPx3 as a PPARγ transcriptional target. Attenuation of antioxidant effects in the absence of GPx3 highlights the antioxidant's prominent role in mediating PPARγ's function. We also demonstrate that ligand-mediated PPARγ activation blocks CSE-induced reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide production via upregulation of GPx3. In summary, our findings describing the molecular mechanisms involving GPx3 and PPARγ in CSE-induced oxidative stress and inflammation may provide valuable information for the development of more effective therapeutics for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind T Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Sowmya P Lakshmi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Asoka Banno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Raju C Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA.
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Cho R, Yang C, Tseng H, Hsiao L, Lin C, Yang C. Haem oxygenase-1 up-regulation by rosiglitazone via ROS-dependent Nrf2-antioxidant response elements axis or PPARγ attenuates LPS-mediated lung inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3928-3946. [PMID: 30088830 PMCID: PMC6151343 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is induced by thiazolidinediones including rosiglitazone and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in various models. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying rosiglitazone-induced HO-1 expression remain largely unknown in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HO-1 expression was determined by real time-PCR, Western blotting and promoter reporter analyses. Signalling pathways were investigated using pharmacological inhibitors or specific siRNAs. Interactions between nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) and antioxidant response elements (ARE) binding site of the HO-1 promoter were investigated with chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. KEY RESULTS Up-regulation of HO-1 in HPAEpiCs or in mice by rosiglitazone blunted ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion to HPAEpiCs challenged with LPS. Rosiglitazone-induced HO-1 expression was significantly attenuated by NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitors (apocynin and diphenyleneiodonium) or ROS scavenger (N-acetyl cysteine). The involvement of NOX activity and ROS generation in rosiglitazone-induced HO-1 expression was confirmed by transfection with p47phox or NOX2 siRNA. Moreover, pretreatment with the inhibitors of c-Src (c-Srci II), proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) (PF431396), Akt (Akti VIII) or PPARγ (GW9662) and transfection with siRNA of c-Src, Pyk2, Akt or PPARγ abolished the rosiglitazone-induced HO-1 expression in HPAEpiCs. Subsequently, Nrf2 was activated by phosphorylation of c-Src, Pyk2 and Akt, which turned on transcription of HO-1 gene by binding to AREs binding site and enhancing ARE promoter activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Rosiglitazone induces HO-1 expression via either NOX/ROS/c-Src/Pyk2/Akt-dependent Nrf2 activation or PPARγ in HPAEpiCs and suppresses LPS-mediated inflammatory responses, suggesting that PPARγ agonists may be useful for protection against pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou‐Ling Cho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTao‐YuanTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Chung Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTao‐YuanTaiwan
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineChang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao‐YuanTao‐YuanTaiwan
| | - Hui‐Ching Tseng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTao‐YuanTaiwan
| | - Li‐Der Hsiao
- Department of AnestheticsChang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo and Chang Gung UniversityTao‐YuanTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Chung Lin
- Department of AnestheticsChang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo and Chang Gung UniversityTao‐YuanTaiwan
| | - Chuen‐Mao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTao‐YuanTaiwan
- Department of AnestheticsChang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo and Chang Gung UniversityTao‐YuanTaiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human EcologyChang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTao‐YuanTaiwan
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38
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Lakshmi SP, Reddy AT, Banno A, Reddy RC. Airway Epithelial Cell Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Regulates Inflammation and Mucin Expression in Allergic Airway Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1775-1783. [PMID: 30061200 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells (AECs) orchestrate inflammatory responses to airborne irritants that enter the respiratory system. A viscous mucus layer produced by goblet cells in the airway epithelium also contributes to a physiological defense mechanism through the physical and chemical barriers it provides. Dysregulation or impairment in these functions has been implicated as a cause of the chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling that constitute major pathological features of asthma. In particular, mucus hypersecretion leading to airway obstruction and impaired pulmonary function is associated with morbidity and mortality in asthma patients. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in a variety of cellular processes. Accumulating evidence indicates that PPARγ agonists antagonize exaggerated inflammatory responses, yet PPARγ's precise role in airway remodeling/mucus hypersecretion has yet to be defined. In this study, we created an AEC-specific PPARγ (AEC-PPARγ) deletion to investigate PPARγ's functions in a murine model of allergic airway disease. AEC-PPARγ deficiency exaggerated airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, cytokine expression, and tissue remodeling. We also found that PPARγ directly bound to a PPAR response element found in MUC5AC and repressed gene expression. Likewise, PPARγ regulated mucin and inflammatory factors in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. In light of the current standard therapies' limited and inadequate direct effect on airway mucus hypersecretion, our study showing AEC-PPARγ's role as a transcriptional repressor of MUC5AC highlights this receptor's potential as a pharmacological target for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya P Lakshmi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; and.,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240
| | - Aravind T Reddy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; and.,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240
| | - Asoka Banno
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; and
| | - Raju C Reddy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; and .,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240
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39
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Role of oxylipins in cardiovascular diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1142-1154. [PMID: 29877318 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of mortality. Approximately 18 million people died from CVDs in 2015, representing more than 30% of all global deaths. New diagnostic tools and therapies are eagerly required to decrease the prevalence of CVDs related to mortality and/or risk factors leading to CVDs. Oxylipins are a group of metabolites, generated via oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are involved in inflammation, immunity, and vascular functions, etc. Thus far, over 100 oxylipins have been identified, and have overlapping and interconnected roles. Important CVD pathologies such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, thrombosis, hemostasis and diabetes have been linked to abnormal oxylipin signaling. Oxylipins represent a new era of risk markers and/or therapeutic targets in several diseases including CVDs. The role of many oxylipins in the progression or regression in CVD, however, is still not fully understood. An increased knowledge of the role of these oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiovascular dysfunctions or CVDs including hypertension could possibly lead to the development of biomarkers for the detection and their treatment in the future.
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40
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MicroRNA Expression Analysis of Human Pulmonary Fibroblasts Treated with Acrolein. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-017-2304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Lee SH, Tang CH, Lin WY, Chen KH, Liang HJ, Cheng TJ, Lin CY. LC-MS-based lipidomics to examine acute rat pulmonary responses after nano- and fine-sized ZnO particle inhalation exposure. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:439-452. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1458918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Han Lee
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Ho Tang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Han Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jan Liang
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Jen Cheng
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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42
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:199-212. [PMID: 29164625 PMCID: PMC5844808 DOI: 10.1111/php.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves the use of red or near-infrared light at low power densities to produce a beneficial effect on cells or tissues. PBM therapy is used to reduce pain, inflammation, edema, and to regenerate damaged tissues such as wounds, bones, and tendons. The primary site of light absorption in mammalian cells has been identified as the mitochondria and, more specifically, cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). It is hypothesized that inhibitory nitric oxide can be dissociated from CCO, thus restoring electron transport and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Another mechanism involves activation of light or heat-gated ion channels. This review will cover the redox signaling that occurs in PBM and examine the difference between healthy and stressed cells, where PBM can have apparently opposite effects. PBM has a marked effect on stem cells, and this is proposed to operate via mitochondrial redox signaling. PBM can act as a preconditioning regimen and can interact with exercise on muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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45
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 and make_set(2234=2234,4853)-- tppa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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46
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 or updatexml(4295,concat(0x2e,0x717a717671,(select (elt(4295=4295,1))),0x71706a6271),3985)-- bssu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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47
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 or not 3194=3194# dgnj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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48
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 and (select (case when (5719=8223) then null else ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,5719) end) from dual) is null] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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