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Xu L, Xing Z, Yuan J, Han Y, Jiang Z, Han M, Hou X, Xing W, Li Z. Ultrasmall Nanoparticles Regulate Immune Microenvironment by Activating IL-33/ST2 to Alleviate Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303276. [PMID: 38335143 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common disease with high morbidity and mortality. Renal IRI can cause the disorder of immune microenvironment and reprograming the immune microenvironment to alleviate excessive inflammatory response is crucial for its treatment. Cytokine IL-33 can improve the immune inflammatory microenvironment by modulating both innate and adaptive immune cells, and serve as an important target for modulating immune microenvironment of renal IRI. Herein, we report that bilobetin-functionalized ultrasmall Cu2- xSe nanoparticles (i.e., CSPB NPs) can activate the PKA/p-CREB/IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway to regulate innate and adaptive immune cells for reprograming the immune microenvironment of IRI-induced acute kidney injury. The biocompatible CSPB NPs can promote the polarization of M1-like macrophages into M2-like macrophages, and the expansion of ILC2 and Treg cells by activating IL-33/ST2 to modulate the excessive immune inflammatory response of renal IRI. More importantly, they can rapidly accumulate at the injured kidney to significantly alleviate IRI. This work demonstrates that modulating the expression of cytokines to reprogram immune microenvironment has great potential in the treatment of renal IRI and other ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyao Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 3, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, P. R. China
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Xing
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 3, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Yuan
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yaobao Han
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhilin Jiang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mengxiao Han
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xianao Hou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 3, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, P. R. China
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 3, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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Sharma S, Sharma D, Dhobi M, Wang D, Tewari D. An insight to treat cardiovascular diseases through phytochemicals targeting PPAR-α. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:707-732. [PMID: 37171724 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily is a promising target for CVDs which mechanistically improves the production of high-density lipid as well as inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. PPAR-α mainly interferes with adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase, and nuclear factor-κB pathways to protect against cardiac complications. Natural products/extracts could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy in CVDs for targeting PPAR-α with broad safety margins. In recent years, the understanding of naturally derived PPAR-α agonists has considerably improved; however, the information is scattered. In vitro and in vivo studies on acacetin, apigenin, arjunolic acid, astaxanthin, berberine, resveratrol, vaticanol C, hispidulin, ginsenoside Rb3, and genistein showed significant effects in CVDs complications by targeting PPAR-α. With the aim of demonstrating the tremendous chemical variety of natural products targeting PPAR-α in CVDs, this review provides insight into various natural products that can work to prevent CVDs by targeting the PPAR-α receptor along with their detailed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
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3
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Chen Q, Deng X, Zhang K, Kang Y, Jiao M, Zhang J, Wang C, Li F. Changes to PUFA-PPAR pathway during mesaconitine induced myocardial coagulative necrosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 177:113831. [PMID: 37182599 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation necrosis is characterized by the denaturation of structural proteins and lysosomal enzymes; its occurrence in myocardium can lead to heart failure. Current studies on myocardial injury primarily focus on inflammation, hypertrophy, and hemorrhage, while those on myocardial coagulation necrosis are still limited. Mesaconitine (MA), a C19 diester diterpenoid alkaloid derived from Aconitum carmichaelii Debx, has strong cardiotoxicity. During this study, the myocardial cells of SD rats showed significant coagulative necrosis after 6 days of oral administration of MA at a dose of 1.2 mg/kg/day. Investigations of its biological mechanism showed abnormal levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors Alpha (PPARα) pathway related protein. Moreover, MA affected the PPARα signaling pathway through interactions with proteins such as POR, TFAM and GPD1, indirectly indicating that these above proteins are important targets for blocking myocardial coagulative necrosis. This study thus discusses the effects of the use of cardiotoxic compound, MA, to initiate myocardial coagulative necrosis and its associated toxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xinqi Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Yingquan Kang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Mingjie Jiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Fei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Chae HS, Dale O, Mir TM, Ashfaq MK, Avula B, Walker LA, Khan IA, Khan SI. Juniper Berries Regulate Diabetes and Obesity Markers Through Modulating PPAR α, PPAR γ, and LXR: In Vitro and In Vivo Effects. J Med Food 2023; 26:307-318. [PMID: 37186895 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The berries of Juniperus communis have been traditionally used for therapeutic purposes. They have been reported to possess various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. In this study, a methanolic extract of J. communis berries (JB) was evaluated for its effects on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPARα and PPARγ), liver X receptor (LXR), glucose uptake and lipid accumulation using various cellular systems. At a concentration of 25 μg/mL, JB caused 3.77-fold activation of PPARα, 10.90-fold activation of PPARγ, and 4.43-fold activation of LXR in hepatic cells. JB inhibited (11%) the adipogenic effect induced by rosiglitazone in adipocytes and increased glucose uptake (90%) in muscle cells. In high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice, JB at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight exhibited a 21% decrease in body weight. Fasting glucose levels in mice treated with 12.5 mg/kg of JB were significantly decreased (39%) indicating its efficacy in regulating hyperglycemia and obesity induced by HFD thus ameliorating the symptoms of type 2 diabetes. A series of energy metabolic genes, including Sirt1 (2.00-fold) and RAF1 (2.04-fold), were upregulated by JB, while rosiglitazone regulated the hepatic PPARγ only. Phytochemical analysis of JB indicated presence of a number of flavonoids and biflavonoids which seem to be responsible for the observed activity. It was concluded that JB acted as a multiple agonist of PPARα, PPARγ and LXR without the undesired effect of adipogenesis and exhibited the property of enhancing glucose uptake. The regulation of PPARα, PPARγ and LXR seems to be through Sirt1 and RAF1. In vivo results confirmed the antidiabetic and antiobesity potential of JB and indicated its utility in metabolic disorder and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sung Chae
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Olivia Dale
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Tahir M Mir
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mohammad K Ashfaq
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Larry A Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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5
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Negm WA, El-Kadem AH, Hussein IA, Alqahtani MJ. The Mechanistic Perspective of Bilobetin Protective Effects against Cisplatin-Induced Testicular Toxicity: Role of Nrf-2/Keap-1 Signaling, Inflammation and Apoptosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051134. [PMID: 35625871 PMCID: PMC9138600 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is a productive anti-tumor used to treat numerous tumors. However, multiple toxicities discourage prolonged use, especially toxicity on the reproductive system. This experiment was mapped out to determine the potential therapeutic impact of Bilobetin on CP-induced testicular damage. Herein, Bilobetin was isolated from Cycas thouarsii leaves R. Br ethyl acetate fractions for the first time. A single dose of CP (7 mg/kg, IP) was used to evoke testicular toxicity on the third day. Rats were classified into five groups; Normal control, Bilobetin 12 mg/kg, Untreated CP, and CP treated with Bilobetin (6 and 12 mg/kg, respectively) orally daily for ten days. Bilobetin treatment ameliorated testicular injury. In addition, it boosted serum testosterone levels considerably and restored relative testicular weight. Nevertheless, apoptosis biomarkers such as P53, Cytochrome-C, and caspase-3 decreased significantly. Additionally, it enhanced the testes’ antioxidant status via the activation of Nrf-2, inhibition of Keap-1, and significant elevation of SOD activity in addition to a reduction in lipid peroxidation. Histopathologically, Bilobetin preserved testicular architecture and improved testicular immunostaining of Ki67 substantially, showing evidence of testicular regeneration. Bilobetin’s beneficial effects on CP-induced testicular damage are associated with enhanced antioxidant effects, lowered apoptotic signals, and the restoration of testes’ regenerative capability. In addition, Bilobetin may be used in combination with CP in treatment protocols to mitigate CP-induced testicular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A. Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: (W.A.N.); (A.H.E.-K.)
| | - Aya H. El-Kadem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: (W.A.N.); (A.H.E.-K.)
| | - Ismail A. Hussein
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Moneerah J. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MI 38677, USA
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Xu J, Wang Y, Zheng T, Huo Y, Du W. Biflavones inhibit the fibrillation and cytotoxicity of human islet amyloid polypeptide. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4650-4661. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00230b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biflavones are a kind of natural compounds with a variety of biological activities, which have the effects of reversing diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is closely...
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7
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Natural and chemical compounds as protective agents against cardiac lipotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112413. [PMID: 34781144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac lipotoxicity results from the deleterious effects of excess lipid deposition in cardiomyocytes. Lipotoxic cardiomyopathy involves cardiac lipid overload leading to changes in myocardial structure and function. Cardiac dysfunction has been associated with cardiac lipotoxicity through abnormal lipid metabolism. Lipid accumulation, especially saturated free fatty acids (SFFAs), in cardiac cells can cause cardiomyocyte distress and subsequent myocardial contractile dysfunction. Reducing the excess FAs supply or promoting FA storage is beneficial for cardiac function, especially under a lipotoxic condition. The protective effects of several compounds against lipotoxicity progression in the heart have been investigated. A variety of mechanisms has been suggested to prevent or treat cardiac lipotoxicity, including improvement of calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Known targets and signaling pathways involving a select group of chemicals that interfere with cardiac lipotoxicity pathogenesis are reviewed.
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8
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Yang Z, Roth K, Agarwal M, Liu W, Petriello MC. The transcription factors CREBH, PPARa, and FOXO1 as critical hepatic mediators of diet-induced metabolic dysregulation. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 95:108633. [PMID: 33789150 PMCID: PMC8355060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a critical mediator of lipid and/or glucose homeostasis and is a primary organ involved in dynamic changes during feeding and fasting. Additionally, hepatic-centric pathways are prone to dysregulation during pathophysiological states including metabolic syndrome (MetS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Omics platforms and GWAS have elucidated genes related to increased risk of developing MetS and related disorders, but mutations in these metabolism-related genes are rare and cannot fully explain the increasing prevalence of MetS-related pathologies worldwide. Complex interactions between diet, lifestyle, environmental factors, and genetic predisposition jointly determine inter-individual variability of disease risk. Given the complexity of these interactions, researchers have focused on master regulators of metabolic responses incorporating and mediating the impact of multiple environmental cues. Transcription factors are DNA binding, terminal executors of signaling pathways that modulate the cellular responses to complex metabolic stimuli and are related to the control of hepatic lipid and glucose homeostasis. Among numerous hepatic transcription factors involved in regulating metabolism, three emerge as key players in transducing nutrient sensing, which are dysregulated in MetS-related perturbations in both clinical and preclinical studies: cAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein 3 Like 3 (CREB3L3), Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Alpha (PPAR), and Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1). Additionally, these three transcription factors appear to be amenable to dietary and/or nutrient-based therapies, being potential targets of nutritional therapy. In this review we aim to describe the activation, regulation, and impact of these transcription factors in the context of metabolic homeostasis. We also summarize their perspectives in MetS and nutritional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (IEHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Roth
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (IEHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Manisha Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael C Petriello
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (IEHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Deng Y, Tu Y, Lao S, Wu M, Yin H, Wang L, Liao W. The role and mechanism of citrus flavonoids in cardiovascular diseases prevention and treatment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7591-7614. [PMID: 33905288 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1915745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been ranked as the leading cause of death in the world, whose global incidence is increasing year by year. Citrus, one of the most popular fruits in the world, is rich in flavonoids. Citrus flavonoids attract special attention due to a variety of biological activities, especially in the prevention and treatment of CVDs. The research progress of citrus flavonoids on CVDs have been constantly updated, but relatively fragmented, which needed to be systematically summarized. Hence, the recent research about citrus flavonoids and CVDs were reviewed, including the types and in vivo processes of citrus flavonoids, epidemiology study and mechanism on prevention and treatment of CVDs by citrus flavonoids. This review would provide a theoretical basis for the citrus flavonoids research and a new idea in the citrus industry development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yali Tu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenghui Lao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengting Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hantong Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linqing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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10
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Menezes JCJMDS, Diederich MF. Bioactivity of natural biflavonoids in metabolism-related disease and cancer therapies. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105525. [PMID: 33667686 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural biflavonoids, such as amentoflavone, bilobetin, ginkgetin, isoginkgetin, taiwaniaflavone, morelloflavone, delicaflavone, hinokiflavone, and other derivatives (~ 40 biflavonoids), are isolated from Selaginella sp., Ginkgo biloba, Garcinia sp., and several other species of plants. They are able to exert therapeutic benefits by regulating several proteins/enzymes (PPAR-γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α [C/EBPα], STAT5, pancreatic lipase, PTP1B, fatty acid synthase, α-glucosidase [AG]) and insulin signaling pathways (via PI3K-AKT), which are linked to metabolism, cell growth, and cell survival mechanisms. Deregulated insulin signaling can cause complications of obesity and diabetes, which can lead to cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia; therefore, the therapeutic benefits of these biflavones in these areas are highlighted. Since biflavonoids have shown potential to regulate metabolism, growth- and survival-related protein/enzymes, their relation to tumor growth and metastasis of cancer associated with angiogenesis are highlighted. The translational role of biflavones in cancer with respect to the inhibition of metabolism-related processes/pathways, enzymes, or proteins, such as STAT3/SHP-1/PTEN, kinesins, tissue kallikreins, aromatase, estrogen, protein modifiers, antioxidant, autophagy, and apoptosis induction mechanisms, are discussed. Finally, considering their observed bioactivity potential, oral bioavailability studies of biflavones and related clinical trials are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C J M D S Menezes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Marc F Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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11
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Feng X, Zhang X, Chen Y, Li L, Sun Q, Zhang L. Identification of bilobetin metabolites, in vivo and in vitro, based on an efficient ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry strategy. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3408-3420. [PMID: 32573953 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bilobetin, a natural compound extracted from Ginkgo biloba, has various pharmacological activities such as antioxidation, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and promoting osteoblast differentiation. However, few studies have been conducted and there are no reports on its metabolites owing to its low content in nature. In addition, it has been reported to have potential liver and kidney toxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the metabolites of bilobetin in vitro and in vivo. Bilobetin was incubated with liver microsomes to determine metabolites in vitro, and faeces and urine were collected after oral administration to rats to determine metabolites in vivo. After the samples were processed, they were measured using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. As a result, a total of 21 and 9 metabolites were detected in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Demethylation, demethylation and loss of water, demethylation and hydrogenation, demethylation and glycine conjugation, oxidation, methylation, oxidation and methylation, and hydrogenation were the main metabolic pathways. This study is the first to identify the metabolites of bilobetin and provides a theoretical foundation for the safe use of bilobetin in clinical application and the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, P. R. China
| | - Luya Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, P. R. China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, P. R. China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, P. R. China
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12
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Son H, Kang W. Quantitative determination of bilobetin in rat plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4784. [PMID: 31853982 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although bilobetin, a biflavone isolated from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, represents a variety of pharmacological activities, to date there have been no validated determination methods for bilobetin in biological samples. Thus, we developed a liquid chromatographic method using a tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of bilobetin in rat plasma. After protein precipitation with acetonitrile including diclofenac (internal standard), the analytes were chromatographed on a reversed-phased column with a mobile phase of purified water and acetonitrile (3:7, v/v, including 0.1% formic acid). The ion transitions of the precursor to the product ion were principally deprotonated ions [M - H]- at m/z 551.2 → 519.2 for bilobetin and 296.1 → 251.7 for the IS. The accuracy and precision of the assay were in accordance with US Food and Drug Administration regulations for the validation of bioanalytical methods. This analytical method was successfully applied to monitor plasma concentrations of bilobetin over time following intravenous administration in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heebin Son
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonku Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Pérez-Torres I, Gutiérrez-Alvarez Y, Guarner-Lans V, Díaz-Díaz E, Manzano Pech L, Caballero-Chacón SDC. Intra-Abdominal Fat Adipocyte Hypertrophy through a Progressive Alteration of Lipolysis and Lipogenesis in Metabolic Syndrome Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071529. [PMID: 31284400 PMCID: PMC6683042 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the progressive participation of enzymes involved in lipolysis and lipogenesis, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy in a metabolic syndrome (MS) rat model caused by chronic consumption of 30% sucrose in drinking water. A total of 70 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: C and MS. Each of these groups were then subdivided into five groups which were sacrificed as paired groups every month from the beginning of the treatment until 5 months. The intra-abdominal fat was dissected, and the adipocytes were extracted. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), protein kinases A (PKA), and perilipin A expressions were determined. The LPL and HSL activities were evaluated by spectrophotometry. Histological staining was performed in adipose tissue. Significant increases were observed in blood pressure, HOMA-IR, leptin, triglycerides, insulin, intra-abdominal fat, and number of fat cells per field (p = 0.001) and in advanced glycosylation products, adipocyte area, LPL, HSL activities and/or expression (p ≤ 0.01) in the MS groups progressively from the third month onward. Lipogenesis and lipolysis were increased by LPL activity and HSL activity and/or expression. This was associated with hyperinsulinemia and release of non-esterified fatty acids causing a positive feedback loop that contributes to the development of adipocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Yolanda Gutiérrez-Alvarez
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Eulises Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14000, Mexico
| | - Linaloe Manzano Pech
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Sara Del Carmen Caballero-Chacón
- Facultad de Medicina y Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology UNAM, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
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14
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Wang C, Hwang YL, Li XM, Kim SJ, Zhu MJ, Lee JH, Jiang RH, Kim CD. Inhibition of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1-Induced Sebum Production by Bilobetin in Cultured Human Sebocytes. Ann Dermatol 2019; 31:294-299. [PMID: 33911594 PMCID: PMC7992725 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2019.31.3.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sebocytes are the major cells of sebaceous gland. The essential role of sebocytes is the production of sebum, a specific lipid mixture, that covers the body surface and provides the barrier function. At puberty, sebum production increases under the effects of various stimuli including androgens and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Excessive sebum production changes the microenvironment surrounding hair follicle, often leading to the onset of acne. Objective We previously performed screening test using cultured human sebocytes, and found that bilobetin had a potential for inhibiting lipid production. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effects of bilobetin on IGF-1–induced lipogenesis in sebocytes. Methods We pretreated simian virus 40 T (SV40T)-transformed sebocytes with bilobetin then stimulated with IGF-1. Effects of bilobetin on lipogenesis of sebocytes were examined by thin layer chromatography and Western blot. Results Bilobetin markedly inhibited IGF-1–induced lipid production in sebocytes, especially in terms of production of squalene and wax ester. Supporting these results, bilobetin showed significant inhibitory effect on squalene synthase promoter activity. In addition, bilobetin significantly down-regulated lipogenic transcription factors such as sterol response element binding protein (SREBP)-1 and SREBP-2. To delineate the possible action mechanism, we investigated the effect of bilobetin on intracellular signaling. As a result, bilobetin inhibited IGF-1–induced phosphorylation of AKT. Conclusion Together, these results suggest that bilobetin has an inhibitory potential on sebum production in sebocytes, being applicable for acne treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yul-Lye Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Xue Mei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ming Ji Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Skin Med Company, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ri-Hua Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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15
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Lan D, Xu N, Sun J, Li Z, Liao R, Zhang H, Liang X, Yi W. Electroacupuncture mitigates endothelial dysfunction via effects on the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in high fat diet-induced insulin-resistant rats. Acupunct Med 2018; 36:162-169. [PMID: 29502072 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2016-011253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on endothelial dysfunction related to high fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signalling pathway. METHODS Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a regular diet (Control group, n=8) or a HFD (n=16) for 12 weeks to induce an insulin resistance model. HFD-fed rats were divided into two groups that remained untreated (HFD group, n=8) or received electroacupuncture (HFD+EA group, n=8). EA was applied at PC6, ST36, SP6 and BL23. At the end of the experiment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin (FINS), serum C-peptide (C-P) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indices were determined. Pancreatic islet samples were subjected to histopathological examination. The thoracic aorta was immunostained with anti-rat insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) antibodies. mRNA and protein expression of IRS-1, PI3K, Akt2 and eNOS in the vascular endothelium were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS The bodyweight increase of the HFD+EA group was smaller than that of the untreated HFD group. Compared with the HFD group, the levels of FBG, FINS, C-P and HOMA-IR in the HFD+EA group decreased significantly (P<0.01). Histopathological evaluation indicated that EA improved pancreatic islet inflammation. The expression of endothelial markers, such as IRS-1, PI3K, Akt2 and eNOS, decreased in the HFD group, while EA treatment appeared to ameliorate the negative impact of diet. CONCLUSION EA may improve insulin resistance and attenuate endothelial dysfunction, and therefore could play a potential role in the prevention or treatment of diabetic complications and cardiovascular disease through the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danchun Lan
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Foshan Hospital of TCM, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Nenggui Xu
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Li
- Department of Soft Tissue Traumatology, Shenzhen Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongzhen Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Rigano D, Sirignano C, Taglialatela-Scafati O. The potential of natural products for targeting PPAR α. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:427-438. [PMID: 28752027 PMCID: PMC5518659 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) α, -γ and -β/δ are ligand-activated transcription factors and members of the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptor. These receptors play key roles in maintaining glucose and lipid homeostasis by modulating gene expression. PPARs constitute a recognized druggable target and indeed several classes of drugs used in the treatment of metabolic disease symptoms, such as dyslipidemia (fibrates, e.g. fenofibrate and gemfibrozil) and diabetes (thiazolidinediones, e.g. rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) are ligands for the various PPAR isoforms. More precisely, antidiabetic thiazolidinediones act on PPARγ, while PPARα is the main molecular target of antidyslipidemic fibrates. Over the past few years, our understanding of the mechanism underlying the PPAR modulation of gene expression has greatly increased. This review presents a survey on terrestrial and marine natural products modulating the PPARα system with the objective of highlighting how the incredible chemodiversity of natural products can provide innovative leads for this "hot" target.
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17
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Cochran BJ, Ryder WJ, Parmar A, Tang S, Reilhac A, Arthur A, Charil A, Hamze H, Barter PJ, Kritharides L, Meikle SR, Gregoire MC, Rye KA. In vivo PET imaging with [(18)F]FDG to explain improved glucose uptake in an apolipoprotein A-I treated mouse model of diabetes. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1977-84. [PMID: 27193916 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 2 diabetes is characterised by decreased HDL levels, as well as the level of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the main apolipoprotein of HDLs. Pharmacological elevation of HDL and apoA-I levels is associated with improved glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. This is partly due to improved glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. METHODS This study used kinetic modelling to investigate the impact of increasing plasma apoA-I levels on the metabolism of glucose in the db/db mouse model. RESULTS Treatment of db/db mice with apoA-I for 2 h significantly improved both glucose tolerance (AUC 2574 ± 70 mmol/l × min vs 2927 ± 137 mmol/l × min, for apoA-I and PBS, respectively; p < 0.05) and insulin sensitivity (AUC 388.8 ± 23.8 mmol/l × min vs 194.1 ± 19.6 mmol/l × min, for apoA-I and PBS, respectively; p < 0.001). ApoA-I treatment also increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle in both an insulin-dependent and insulin-independent manner as evidenced by increased uptake of fludeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG) from plasma into gastrocnemius muscle in apoA-I treated mice, both in the absence and presence of insulin. Kinetic modelling revealed an enhanced rate of insulin-mediated glucose phosphorylation (k 3) in apoA-I treated mice (3.5 ± 1.1 × 10(-2) min(-1) vs 2.3 ± 0.7 × 10(-2) min(-1), for apoA-I and PBS, respectively; p < 0.05) and an increased influx constant (3.7 ± 0.6 × 10(-3) ml min(-1) g(-1) vs 2.0 ± 0.3 × 10(-3) ml min(-1) g(-1), for apoA-I and PBS, respectively; p < 0.05). Treatment of L6 rat skeletal muscle cells with apoA-I for 2 h indicated that increased hexokinase activity mediated the increased rate of glucose phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings indicate that apoA-I improves glucose disposal in db/db mice by improving insulin sensitivity and enhancing glucose phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake J Cochran
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia.
| | - William J Ryder
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Shudi Tang
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthonin Reilhac
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- ANSTO LifeSciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Arnaud Charil
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- ANSTO LifeSciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Philip J Barter
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leonard Kritharides
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven R Meikle
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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18
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Qi Z, Ding S. Obesity-associated sympathetic overactivity in children and adolescents: the role of catecholamine resistance in lipid metabolism. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:113-25. [PMID: 26488603 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in children and adolescents is characterized by chronic sympathetic overdrive and reduced epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis. This resistance to catecholamines occurs during the dynamic phase of fat accumulation. This review will focus on the relationship between sympathetic-adrenal activity and lipid metabolism, thereby highlighting the role of catecholamine resistance in the development of childhood obesity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Catecholamine resistance causes lipid accumulation in adipose tissue by reducing lipolysis, increasing lipogenesis and impeding free fatty acid (FFA) transportation. Exercise improves catecholamine resistance, as evidenced by attenuated systemic sympathetic activity, reduced circulating catecholamine levels and enhanced β-adrenergic receptor signaling. Insulin resistance is mostly a casual result rather than a cause of childhood obesity. Therefore, catecholamine resistance in childhood obesity may promote insulin signaling in adipose tissue, thereby increasing lipogenesis. This review outlines a series of evidence for the role of catecholamine resistance as an upstream mechanism leading to childhood obesity.
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19
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Ferreira AVM, Menezes-Garcia Z, Mario EG, Delpuerto HL, Martins AS, Botion LM. Increased expression of oxidative enzymes in adipose tissue following PPARα-activation. Metabolism 2014; 63:456-60. [PMID: 24439670 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effect of fenofibrate treatment on the expression of PPARα and oxidative enzymes in adipose tissue. MATERIALS/METHODS Wistar male rats were fed a balanced diet supplemented with 100mg.Kg-1 bw.day-1 fenofibrate (Sigma) during nine days. Plasma glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) leptin and insulin were determined. PPARα, ACO and CPT-1 mRNA expression and amount of PPARα and PPARγ protein were assessed in epididymal adipose tissue. Oral glucose tolerance test was evaluated into overnight fasted rats. Glucose uptake was measured in adipocytes isolated from epididymal fat pads in the presence or absence of insulin (25ng/mL). RESULTS Fenofibrate treatment increased PPARα and PPARγ protein abundance in adipose tissue. In addition to it well- known effect on oxidative enzymes in liver, fenofibrate treatment also induces a high expression of Acyl CoA Oxidase (ACO) and Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) in adipose tissue. Furthermore, we have shown that the fenofibrate treatment improves the glucose tolerance and enhance the glucose uptake by adipocytes. CONCLUSION Altogether, the data suggest that fenofibrate have a direct effect in adipose tissue contributing to the low adiposity and improvement of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zélia Menezes-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erica Guilhen Mario
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helen Lima Delpuerto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Almir Souza Martins
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leida Maria Botion
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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