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Koyanagi YN, Nakatochi M, Namba S, Oze I, Charvat H, Narita A, Kawaguchi T, Ikezaki H, Hishida A, Hara M, Takezaki T, Koyama T, Nakamura Y, Suzuki S, Katsuura-Kamano S, Kuriki K, Nakamura Y, Takeuchi K, Hozawa A, Kinoshita K, Sutoh Y, Tanno K, Shimizu A, Ito H, Kasugai Y, Kawakatsu Y, Taniyama Y, Tajika M, Shimizu Y, Suzuki E, Hosono Y, Imoto I, Tabara Y, Takahashi M, Setoh K, Matsuda K, Nakano S, Goto A, Katagiri R, Yamaji T, Sawada N, Tsugane S, Wakai K, Yamamoto M, Sasaki M, Matsuda F, Okada Y, Iwasaki M, Brennan P, Matsuo K. Genetic architecture of alcohol consumption identified by a genotype-stratified GWAS and impact on esophageal cancer risk in Japanese people. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eade2780. [PMID: 38277453 PMCID: PMC10816704 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
An East Asian-specific variant on aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2 rs671, G>A) is the major genetic determinant of alcohol consumption. We performed an rs671 genotype-stratified genome-wide association study meta-analysis of alcohol consumption in 175,672 Japanese individuals to explore gene-gene interactions with rs671 behind drinking behavior. The analysis identified three genome-wide significant loci (GCKR, KLB, and ADH1B) in wild-type homozygotes and six (GCKR, ADH1B, ALDH1B1, ALDH1A1, ALDH2, and GOT2) in heterozygotes, with five showing genome-wide significant interaction with rs671. Genetic correlation analyses revealed ancestry-specific genetic architecture in heterozygotes. Of the discovered loci, four (GCKR, ADH1B, ALDH1A1, and ALDH2) were suggested to interact with rs671 in the risk of esophageal cancer, a representative alcohol-related disease. Our results identify the genotype-specific genetic architecture of alcohol consumption and reveal its potential impact on alcohol-related disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko N. Koyanagi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Namba
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of International Health Policy Research, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Akira Narita
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Comprehensive General Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Asahi Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Toshiro Takezaki
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Teruhide Koyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohko Nakamura
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sadao Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Kuriki
- Laboratory of Public Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Division for Regional Community Development, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sutoh
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanno
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kasugai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukino Kawakatsu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukari Taniyama
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tajika
- Department of Endoscopy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Etsuji Suzuki
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Hosono
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Meiko Takahashi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Setoh
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Nakano
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Data Science, Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryoko Katagiri
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Cerretelli G, Zhou Y, Müller MF, Adams DJ, Arends MJ. Acetaldehyde and defective mismatch repair increase colonic tumours in a Lynch syndrome model with Aldh1b1 inactivation. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050240. [PMID: 37395714 PMCID: PMC10417510 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ALDH1B1 expressed in the intestinal epithelium metabolises acetaldehyde to acetate, protecting against acetaldehyde-induced DNA damage. MSH2 is a key component of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway involved in Lynch syndrome (LS)-associated colorectal cancers. Here, we show that defective MMR (dMMR) interacts with acetaldehyde, in a gene/environment interaction, enhancing dMMR-driven colonic tumour formation in a LS murine model of Msh2 conditional inactivation (Lgr5-CreER; Msh2flox/-, or Msh2-LS) combined with Aldh1b1 inactivation. Conditional (Aldh1b1flox/flox) or constitutive (Aldh1b1-/-) Aldh1b1 knockout alleles combined with the conditional Msh2flox/- intestinal knockout mouse model of LS (Msh2-LS) received either ethanol, which is metabolised to acetaldehyde, or water. We demonstrated that 41.7% of ethanol-treated Aldh1b1flox/flox Msh2-LS mice and 66.7% of Aldh1b1-/- Msh2-LS mice developed colonic epithelial hyperproliferation and adenoma formation, in 4.5 and 6 months, respectively, significantly greater than 0% in water-treated control mice. Significantly higher numbers of dMMR colonic crypt foci precursors and increased plasma acetaldehyde levels were observed in ethanol-treated Aldh1b1flox/flox Msh2-LS and Aldh1b1-/- Msh2-LS mice compared with those in water-treated controls. Hence, ALDH1B1 loss increases acetaldehyde levels and DNA damage that interacts with dMMR to accelerate colonic, but not small intestinal, tumour formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guia Cerretelli
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Ying Zhou
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Mike F. Müller
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - David J. Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Mark J. Arends
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
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3
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Vereczkei A, Barta C, Magi A, Farkas J, Eisinger A, Király O, Belik A, Griffiths MD, Szekely A, Sasvári-Székely M, Urbán R, Potenza MN, Badgaiyan RD, Blum K, Demetrovics Z, Kotyuk E. FOXN3 and GDNF Polymorphisms as Common Genetic Factors of Substance Use and Addictive Behaviors. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050690. [PMID: 35629112 PMCID: PMC9144496 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and phenomenological studies suggest shared underpinnings between multiple addictive behaviors. The present genetic association study was conducted as part of the Psychological and Genetic Factors of Addictions study (n = 3003) and aimed to investigate genetic overlaps between different substance use, addictive, and other compulsive behaviors. Association analyses targeted 32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, potentially addictive substances (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other drugs), and potentially addictive or compulsive behaviors (internet use, gaming, social networking site use, gambling, exercise, hair-pulling, and eating). Analyses revealed 29 nominally significant associations, from which, nine survived an FDRbl correction. Four associations were observed between FOXN3 rs759364 and potentially addictive behaviors: rs759364 showed an association with the frequency of alcohol consumption and mean scores of scales assessing internet addiction, gaming disorder, and exercise addiction. Significant associations were found between GDNF rs1549250, rs2973033, CNR1 rs806380, DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497 variants, and the “lifetime other drugs” variable. These suggested that genetic factors may contribute similarly to specific substance use and addictive behaviors. Specifically, FOXN3 rs759364 and GDNF rs1549250 and rs2973033 may constitute genetic risk factors for multiple addictive behaviors. Due to limitations (e.g., convenience sampling, lack of structured scales for substance use), further studies are needed. Functional correlates and mechanisms underlying these relationships should also be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vereczkei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (A.B.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Csaba Barta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (A.B.); (M.S.-S.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (Z.D.)
| | - Anna Magi
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Farkas
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
- Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, 1135 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Eisinger
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Király
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
| | - Andrea Belik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (A.B.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK;
| | - Anna Szekely
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
| | - Mária Sasvári-Székely
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (A.B.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry, Child Study and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT 06109, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Rajendra D. Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine, & Primary Care (Office of the Provost), Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine, & Primary Care (Office of the Provost), Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (Z.D.)
| | - Eszter Kotyuk
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
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Shortall K, Djeghader A, Magner E, Soulimane T. Insights into Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Enzymes: A Structural Perspective. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:659550. [PMID: 34055881 PMCID: PMC8160307 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.659550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases engage in many cellular functions, however their dysfunction resulting in accumulation of their substrates can be cytotoxic. ALDHs are responsible for the NAD(P)-dependent oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids, participating in detoxification, biosynthesis, antioxidant and regulatory functions. Severe diseases, including alcohol intolerance, cancer, cardiovascular and neurological diseases, were linked to dysfunctional ALDH enzymes, relating back to key enzyme structure. An in-depth understanding of the ALDH structure-function relationship and mechanism of action is key to the understanding of associated diseases. Principal structural features 1) cofactor binding domain, 2) active site and 3) oligomerization mechanism proved critical in maintaining ALDH normal activity. Emerging research based on the combination of structural, functional and biophysical studies of bacterial and eukaryotic ALDHs contributed to the appreciation of diversity within the superfamily. Herewith, we discuss these studies and provide our interpretation for a global understanding of ALDH structure and its purpose–including correct function and role in disease. Our analysis provides a synopsis of a common structure-function relationship to bridge the gap between the highly studied human ALDHs and lesser so prokaryotic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Shortall
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ahmed Djeghader
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Edmond Magner
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Tewfik Soulimane
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Wu YY, Lee YS, Liu YL, Hsu WC, Ho WM, Huang YH, Tsai SJ, Kuo PH, Chen YC. Association Study of Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Polymorphism With Alzheimer Disease in the Taiwanese Population. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:625885. [PMID: 33551739 PMCID: PMC7862325 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.625885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) are two major alcohol-metabolizing enzymes. Moderate alcohol intake is a protective modified factor in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) while heavy alcohol intake and abstinence increased dementia risk. The associations between Alzheimer’s disease and alcohol-metabolizing genes are uncertain. This study examined the association of AD with seven ADH/ALDH single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), ADH1C rs2241894, ADH1B rs1229984, ALDH1B1 rs2073478, ALDH2 rs886205, rs4767944, rs4648328, and rs671. We enrolled 157 AD and 168 age- and sex-matched control subjects in pilot study to examine the association of AD with ADH/ALDH SNPs. Reconstructed ALDH2 haplotypes were performed. We measured plasma level of ADH1C and checked the interaction effect of AD–rs2241894 genotype on plasma ADH1C level. In extension study, we further examined 339 AD and 2,504 healthy control from the Taiwan Biobank. In pilot study, we observed that ADH1C rs2241894 TT genotype was negatively associated with AD in a recessive genetic model (OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.09–0.75, p < 0.0001) in women. A strong linkage disequilibrium was observed among the four examined SNPs of ALDH2. No haplotype was related to AD. The plasma ADH1C level in AD was higher than that in control. After adjusted by age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and alcohol, we found a significant interaction effect of AD–rs2241894 genotype on plasma ADH1C level (p = 0.04). This interaction effect was attributable to the association between AD and plasma ADH1C level (β estimate = 366, 95% CI 92.7∼639.4, p = 0.009). The genetic distribution of ADH1C rs2241894 showed strong ethnic heterogeneity, in which the T allele was the minor allele accounting for 28.5% in our study and 23.6% in East Asians, while it was a major allele in Americans, Europeans, and the global populations. No association was discovered between AD and the five SNPs: rs2241894, rs1229984, rs2073478, rs886205, and rs671 in the extension study. In summary, this study revealed a suggestive association between ADH1C rs2241894 and female AD in the pilot study, but failed to confirm this finding in a population database. Further age-matched and large sample size case-control studies are needed before rs2241894 can be interpreted as a protective genetic factor of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yah-Yuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shien Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuin Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Min Ho
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Psychiatry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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6
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Lin WY, Huang CC, Liu YL, Tsai SJ, Kuo PH. Polygenic approaches to detect gene-environment interactions when external information is unavailable. Brief Bioinform 2020; 20:2236-2252. [PMID: 30219835 PMCID: PMC6954453 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bby086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploration of 'gene-environment interactions' (G × E) is important for disease prediction and prevention. The scientific community usually uses external information to construct a genetic risk score (GRS), and then tests the interaction between this GRS and an environmental factor (E). However, external genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are not always available, especially for non-Caucasian ethnicity. Although GRS is an analysis tool to detect G × E in GWAS, its performance remains unclear when there is no external information. Our 'adaptive combination of Bayes factors method' (ADABF) can aggregate G × E signals and test the significance of G × E by a polygenic test. We here explore a powerful polygenic approach for G × E when external information is unavailable, by comparing our ADABF with the GRS based on marginal effects of SNPs (GRS-M) and GRS based on SNP × E interactions (GRS-I). ADABF is the most powerful method in the absence of SNP main effects, whereas GRS-M is generally the best test when single-nucleotide polymorphisms main effects exist. GRS-I is the least powerful test due to its data-splitting strategy. Furthermore, we apply these methods to Taiwan Biobank data. ADABF and GRS-M identified gene × alcohol and gene × smoking interactions on blood pressure (BP). BP-increasing alleles elevate more BP in drinkers (smokers) than in nondrinkers (nonsmokers). This work provides guidance to choose a polygenic approach to detect G × E when external information is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chieh Huang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, TaipeiVeterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Psychiatry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Matoba N, Akiyama M, Ishigaki K, Kanai M, Takahashi A, Momozawa Y, Ikegawa S, Ikeda M, Iwata N, Hirata M, Matsuda K, Murakami Y, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Okada Y. GWAS of 165,084 Japanese individuals identified nine loci associated with dietary habits. Nat Hum Behav 2020; 4:308-316. [PMID: 31959922 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0805-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dietary habits are important factors in our lifestyle, and confer both susceptibility to and protection from a variety of human diseases. We performed genome-wide association studies for 13 dietary habits including consumption of alcohol (ever versus never drinkers and drinks per week), beverages (coffee, green tea and milk) and foods (yoghurt, cheese, natto, tofu, fish, small whole fish, vegetables and meat) in Japanese individuals (n = 58,610-165,084) collected by BioBank Japan, the nationwide hospital-based genome cohort. Significant associations were found in nine genetic loci (MCL1-ENSA, GCKR, AGR3-AHR, ADH1B, ALDH1B1, ALDH1A1, ALDH2, CYP1A2-CSK and ADORA2A-AS1) for 13 dietary traits (P < 3.8 × 10-9). Of these, ten associations between five loci and eight traits were new findings. Furthermore, a phenome-wide association study revealed that five of the dietary trait-associated loci have pleiotropic effects on multiple human complex diseases and clinical measurements. Our findings provide new insight into the genetics of habitual consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Matoba
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Genetics, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Genomic Medicine, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyotake, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyotake, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirata
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan. .,Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan. .,Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan. .,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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8
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Ren T, Mackowiak B, Lin Y, Gao Y, Niu J, Gao B. Hepatic injury and inflammation alter ethanol metabolism and drinking behavior. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:111070. [PMID: 31870920 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
While liver injury is commonly associated with excessive alcohol consumption, how liver injury affects alcohol metabolism and drinking preference remains unclear. To answer these questions, we measured the expression and activity of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) enzymes, ethanol and acetaldehyde levels in vivo, and binge-like and preferential drinking behaviors with drinking in the dark and two-bottle choice in animal models with liver injury. Acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and acute LPS-induced liver injury repressed hepatic ALDH2 activity and expression and consequently, blood and liver acetaldehyde concentrations were increased in these models. In addition, chronic CCl4 and acute LPS treatment inhibited hepatic ADH1 expression and activity, leading to increases in blood and liver ethanol concentrations. Consistent with the increase in acetaldehyde levels, alcohol drinking behaviors were reduced in mice with acute or chronic liver injury. Furthermore, oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide attenuated ADH1 and ALDH2 activity post-transcriptionally, while proinflammatory cytokines led to transcriptional repression of ADH1 and ALDH2 in cultured hepatocytes, which correlated with the repression of transcription factor HNF4α. Collectively, our data suggest that alcohol metabolism is suppressed by inflammation and oxidative stress, which is correlated with decreased drinking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Ren
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yuhong Lin
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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9
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Wu Q, Hayashi H, Hira D, Sonoda K, Ueshima S, Ohno S, Makiyama T, Terada T, Katsura T, Miura K, Horie M. Genetic variants of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in Brugada syndrome: Insights into syncope after drinking alcohol. J Arrhythm 2019; 35:752-759. [PMID: 31624517 PMCID: PMC6787161 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS) are known to have arrhythmic events after alcohol drinking and are recommended to avoid its excessive intake. Mechanisms underlying the alcohol-induced cardiac events are however unknown. This study aimed to test the hypothesis whether activity of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes determines fatal arrhythmic events after drinking alcohol. METHODS A total of 198 Japanese patients with BrS were enrolled in this study. These patients were classified into symptomatic (n = 90) and asymptomatic (n = 108) groups. The former was divided into an alcohol-related group (syncope after alcohol drinking, n = 16) and an alcohol-unrelated group (n = 74). Polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine genetic variants of genes encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). RESULTS The genotype distribution for ALDH2 was not significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups and between alcohol-related and alcohol-unrelated groups. The genotype distribution for ADH1B was not significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups, but the genotype ADH1B His/His was significantly more prevalent in the alcohol-related group than in the alcohol-unrelated group (81.3% vs 50%, P = .023). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the genotype of ADH1B His/His was independently associated with syncope after alcohol drinking (odds ratio, 5.746; 95% confidence interval, 1.580-28.421; P = .007). CONCLUSIONS Arrhythmic events after alcohol drinking was associated with enhanced activity of alcohol-metabolizing enzyme ADH1B in our cohort of BrS. Therefore, the lifestyle change to avoid the excessive alcohol intake deserves attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOhtsuJapan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOhtsuJapan
| | - Daiki Hira
- Department of PharmacyShiga University of Medical Science HospitalOhtsuJapan
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuJapan
| | - Keiko Sonoda
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOhtsuJapan
- Department of Bioscience and GeneticsNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuitaJapan
| | - Satoshi Ueshima
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuJapan
| | - Seiko Ohno
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOhtsuJapan
- Department of Bioscience and GeneticsNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuitaJapan
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in AsiaShiga University of Medical ScienceOhtsuJapan
| | - Takeru Makiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular and MedicineKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Tomohiro Terada
- Department of PharmacyShiga University of Medical Science HospitalOhtsuJapan
| | - Toshiya Katsura
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuJapan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in AsiaShiga University of Medical ScienceOhtsuJapan
- Department of Public HealthShiga University of Medical ScienceOhtsuJapan
| | - Minoru Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOhtsuJapan
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in AsiaShiga University of Medical ScienceOhtsuJapan
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10
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Marshall S, Chen Y, Singh S, Berrios-Carcamo P, Heit C, Apostolopoulos N, Golla JP, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Engineered Animal Models Designed for Investigating Ethanol Metabolism, Toxicity and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1032:203-221. [PMID: 30362100 PMCID: PMC6743736 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98788-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of alcohol is a leading cause of lifestyle-induced morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although long-term alcohol abuse has been shown to be detrimental to the liver, brain and many other organs, our understanding of the exact molecular mechanisms by which this occurs is still limited. In tissues, ethanol is metabolized to acetaldehyde (mainly by alcohol dehydrogenase and cytochrome p450 2E1) and subsequently to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenases. Intracellular generation of free radicals and depletion of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) are believed to be key steps involved in the cellular pathogenic events caused by ethanol. With continued excessive alcohol consumption, further tissue damage can result from the production of cellular protein and DNA adducts caused by accumulating ethanol-derived aldehydes. Much of our understanding about the pathophysiological consequences of ethanol metabolism comes from genetically-engineered mouse models of ethanol-induced tissue injury. In this review, we provide an update on the current understanding of important mouse models in which ethanol-metabolizing and GSH-synthesizing enzymes have been manipulated to investigate alcohol-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Marshall
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pablo Berrios-Carcamo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claire Heit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Apostolopoulos
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaya Prakash Golla
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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11
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Lin WY, Huang CC, Liu YL, Tsai SJ, Kuo PH. Genome-Wide Gene-Environment Interaction Analysis Using Set-Based Association Tests. Front Genet 2019; 9:715. [PMID: 30693016 PMCID: PMC6339974 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of gene-environment interactions (G × E) may eventually guide health-related choices and medical interventions for complex diseases. More powerful methods must be developed to identify G × E. The “adaptive combination of Bayes factors method” (ADABF) has been proposed as a powerful genome-wide polygenic approach to detect G × E. In this work, we evaluate its performance when serving as a gene-based G × E test. We compare ADABF with six tests including the “Set-Based gene-EnviRonment InterAction test” (SBERIA), “gene-environment set association test” (GESAT), etc. With extensive simulations, SBERIA and ADABF are found to be more powerful than other G × E tests. However, SBERIA suffers from a power loss when 50% SNP main effects are in the same direction with the SNP × E interaction effects while 50% are in the opposite direction. We further applied these seven G × E methods to the Taiwan Biobank data to explore gene× alcohol interactions on blood pressure levels. The ADAMTS7P1 gene at chromosome 15q25.2 was detected to interact with alcohol consumption on diastolic blood pressure (p = 9.5 × 10−7, according to the GESAT test). At this gene, the P-values provided by other six tests all reached the suggestive significance level (p < 5 × 10−5). Regarding the computation time required for a genome-wide G × E analysis, SBERIA is the fastest method, followed by ADABF. Considering the validity, power performance, robustness, and computation time, ADABF is recommended for genome-wide G × E analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chieh Huang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Psychiatry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Edenberg HJ, McClintick JN. Alcohol Dehydrogenases, Aldehyde Dehydrogenases, and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Critical Review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2281-2297. [PMID: 30320893 PMCID: PMC6286250 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are complex traits, meaning that variations in many genes contribute to the risk, as does the environment. Although the total genetic contribution to risk is substantial, most individual variations make only very small contributions. By far the strongest contributors are functional variations in 2 genes involved in alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) metabolism. A functional variant in alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) is protective in people of European and Asian descent, and a different functional variant in the same gene is protective in those of African descent. A strongly protective variant in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is essentially only found in Asians. This highlights the need to study a wide range of populations. The likely mechanism of protection against heavy drinking and AUDs in both cases is alteration in the rate of metabolism of EtOH that at least transiently elevates acetaldehyde. Other ADH and ALDH variants, including functional variations in ADH1C, have also been implicated in affecting drinking behavior and risk for alcoholism. The pattern of linkage disequilibrium in the ADH region and the differences among populations complicate analyses, particularly of regulatory variants. This critical review focuses upon the ADH and ALDH genes as they affect AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jeanette N. McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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13
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Way MJ, Ali MA, McQuillin A, Morgan MY. Genetic variants in ALDH1B1 and alcohol dependence risk in a British and Irish population: A bioinformatic and genetic study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177009. [PMID: 28594837 PMCID: PMC5464525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is metabolized in the liver via the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Polymorphisms in the genes encoding these enzymes, which are common in East Asian populations, can alter enzyme kinetics and hence the risk of alcohol dependence and its sequelae. One of the most important genetic variants, in this regards, is the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs671 in ALDH2, the gene encoding the primary acetaldehyde metabolizing enzyme ALDH2. However, the protective allele of rs671 is absent in most Europeans although ALDH1B1, which shares significant sequence homology with ALDH2, contains several, potentially functional, missense SNPs that do occur in European populations. The aims of this study were: (i) to use bioinformatic techniques to characterize the possible effects of selected variants in ALDH1B1 on protein structure and function; and, (ii) to genotype three missense and one stop-gain, protein-altering, non-synonymous SNPs in 1478 alcohol dependent cases and 1254 controls of matched British and Irish ancestry. No significant allelic associations were observed between the three missense SNPs and alcohol dependence risk. The minor allele frequency of rs142427338 (Gln378Ter) was higher in alcohol dependent cases than in controls (allelic P = 0.19, OR = 2.98, [0.62–14.37]) but as this SNP is very rare the study was likely underpowered to detect an association with alcohol dependence risk. This potential association will needs to be further evaluated in other large, independent European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Way
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Department of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Adam Ali
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Department of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marsha Y. Morgan
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Department of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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14
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Linneberg A, Gonzalez-Quintela A. The Unsolved Relationship of Alcohol and Asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 171:155-157. [PMID: 27960176 DOI: 10.1159/000454809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark
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15
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Skaaby T, Husemoen LLN, Thuesen BH, Jørgensen T, Linneberg A. Lifestyle-Related Factors and Atopy in Seven Danish Population-Based Studies from Different Time Periods. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137406. [PMID: 26372449 PMCID: PMC4570778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of allergic respiratory disease tends to increase in populations that adopt the so-called Westernized lifestyle. We investigated the association between atopy and several possible lifestyle-related factors in seven Danish population-based studies. METHODS A total of 20048 persons participated in the seven studies. We used logistic regression to analyse the associations between possible determinants and atopy defined as serum specific IgE or skin prick test positivity against inhalant allergens. Associations were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). In addition, individual participant data meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS Atopy was significantly associated with younger age (OR per 1 year increase in age: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.97, 0.98); male sex (OR for males versus females: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.45), heavy drinking (OR for heavy drinkers versus light drinkers: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.27), never smoking (OR for current versus never smokers: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.80), and higher educational level (OR for educated versus uneducated: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.41). Atopy was not associated with blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, physical activity or body mass except in women only, where we found a positive association (OR for obese vs. normal weight: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.39) with ptrend = 0.032. CONCLUSIONS Of interest for preventive purposes, we found that atopy was associated with some of the reversible lifestyle-related factors that characterize a Westernized lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Skaaby
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | | | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, Alborg University, Alborg, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
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16
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ALDH1B1 links alcohol consumption and diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:768-773. [PMID: 26086111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 (ALDH1B1) is a mitochondrial enzyme sharing 65% and 72% sequence identity with ALDH1A1 and ALDH2 proteins, respectively. Compared to the latter two ALDH isozymes, little is known about the physiological functions of ALDH1B1. Studies in humans indicate that ALDH1B1 may be associated with alcohol sensitivity and stem cells. Our recent in vitro studies using human ALDH1B1 showed that it metabolizes acetaldehyde and retinaldehyde. To investigate the in vivo role of ALDH1B1, we generated and characterized a global Aldh1b1 knockout mouse line. These knockout (KO) mice are fertile and show overtly good health. However, ethanol pharmacokinetic analysis revealed ∼40% increase in blood acetaldehyde levels in KO mice. Interestingly, the KO mice exhibited higher fasting blood glucose levels. Collectively, we show for the first time the functional in vivo role of ALDH1B1 in acetaldehyde metabolism and in maintaining glucose homeostasis. This mouse model is a valuable tool to investigate the mechanism by which alcohol may promote the development of diabetes.
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17
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Heit C, Dong H, Chen Y, Shah YM, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Transgenic mouse models for alcohol metabolism, toxicity, and cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 815:375-87. [PMID: 25427919 PMCID: PMC4323349 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09614-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse leads to tissue damage including a variety of cancers; however, the molecular mechanisms by which this damage occurs remain to be fully understood. The primary enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism include alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), cytochrome P450 isoform 2E1, (CYP2E1), catalase (CAT), and aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH). Genetic polymorphisms in human genes encoding these enzymes are associated with increased risks of alcohol-related tissue damage, as well as differences in alcohol consumption and dependence. Oxidative stress resulting from ethanol oxidation is one established pathogenic event in alcohol-induced toxicity. Ethanol metabolism generates free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and has been associated with diminished glutathione (GSH) levels as well as changes in other antioxidant mechanisms. In addition, the formation of protein and DNA adducts associated with the accumulation of ethanol-derived aldehydes can adversely affect critical biological functions and thereby promote cellular and tissue pathology. Animal models have proven to be valuable tools for investigating mechanisms underlying pathogenesis caused by alcohol. In this review, we provide a brief discussion on several animal models with genetic defects in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes and GSH-synthesizing enzymes and their relevance to alcohol research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Heit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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18
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Abstract
Alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a specific heart muscle disease found in individuals with a history of long-term heavy alcohol consumption. ACM is associated with a number of adverse histological, cellular, and structural changes within the myocardium. Several mechanisms are implicated in mediating the adverse effects of ethanol, including the generation of oxidative stress, apoptotic cell death, impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics/stress, derangements in fatty acid metabolism and transport, and accelerated protein catabolism. In this review, we discuss the evidence for such mechanisms and present the potential importance of drinking patterns, genetic susceptibility, nutritional factors, race, and sex. The purpose of this review is to provide a mechanistic paradigm for future research in the area of ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann R. Piano
- Professor and Department Head, Department of Biobehavioral Health Science (MC 807), University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, 312-413-0132 (TEL), 312-996-4979,
| | - Shane A. Phillips
- Associate Professor and Associate Department Head, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor St. (MC 898), Chicago, IL 60612, 312-355-0277 (TEL),
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19
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Human ALDH1B1 polymorphisms may affect the metabolism of acetaldehyde and all-trans retinaldehyde--in vitro studies and computational modeling. Pharm Res 2014; 32:1648-62. [PMID: 25413692 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate additional substrate specificities of ALDH1B1 and determine the effect that human ALDH1B1 polymorphisms will have on substrate specificity. METHODS Computational-based molecular modeling was used to predict the binding of the substrates propionaldehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, nitroglycerin, and all-trans retinaldehyde to ALDH1B1. Based on positive in silico results, the capacity of purified human recombinant ALDH1B1 to metabolize nitroglycerin and all-trans retinaldehyde was explored. Additionally, metabolism of 4-HNE by ALDH1B1 was revisited. Databases queried to find human polymorphisms of ALDH1B1 identified three major variants: ALDH1B1*2 (A86V), ALDH1B1*3 (L107R), and ALDH1B1*5 (M253V). Computational modeling was used to predict the binding of substrates and of cofactor (NAD(+)) to the variants. These human polymorphisms were created and expressed in a bacterial system and specific activity was determined. RESULTS ALDH1B1 metabolizes (and appears to be inhibited by) nitroglycerin and has favorable kinetics for the metabolism of all-trans retinaldehyde. ALDH1B1 metabolizes 4-HNE with higher apparent affinity than previously described, but with low throughput. Recombinant ALDH1B1*2 is catalytically inactive, whereas both ALDH1B1*3 and ALDH1B1*5 are catalytically active. Modeling indicated that the lack of activity in ALDH1B1*2 is likely due to poor NAD(+) binding. Modeling also suggests that ALDH1B1*3 may be less able to metabolize all-trans retinaldehyde and that ALDH1B1*5 may bind NAD(+) poorly. CONCLUSIONS ALDH1B1 metabolizes nitroglycerin and all-trans-retinaldehyde. One of the three human polymorphisms, ALDH1B1*2, is catalytically inactive, likely due to poor NAD(+) binding. Expression of this variant may affect ALDH1B1-dependent metabolic functions in stem cells and ethanol metabolism.
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Skaaby T, Husemoen LLN, Jørgensen T, Johansen JD, Menné T, Szecsi PB, Stender S, Bager P, Thyssen JP, Linneberg A. Associations of filaggrin gene loss-of-function variants and human papillomavirus-related cancer and pre-cancer in Danish adults. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99437. [PMID: 24905740 PMCID: PMC4048243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Filaggrin proteins are expressed in the skin, oral cavity, oesophagus, and cervical mucose. Loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) reduce filaggrin expression and cause an impaired skin barrier function. We hypothesized that FLG mutation carriers would be more susceptible to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and thus a higher risk of HPV-related cancer and pre-cancer. We investigated the association of the FLG genotype with incidence of HPV-related cancer of cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus and head and neck, and pre-cancer of the cervix. Methods We included 13,376 persons from four population-based studies conducted in the same background population in Copenhagen, Denmark. Participants were genotyped for the most common FLG mutations in Europeans. Information on cancer was obtained from The Danish Cancer Registry until 11 July 2011. Results There were 489 cases of prevalent and 97 cases of incident HPV-related cancer and pre-cancer (median follow-up 11.5 years). There was a statistically significant association between FLG genotype and incident HPV-related cancer and pre-cancer with a hazard ratio, HR = 2.1 (95% confidence intervals, CI: 1.2, 3.7) for FLG mutation carriers vs. wild types. Conclusions FLG loss-of-function mutations were associated with higher incidence of HPV-related cancers and pre-cancers that are potentially screening and vaccine preventable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Skaaby
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Lise Lotte N. Husemoen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, Alborg University, Alborg, Denmark
| | - Jeanne D. Johansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Torkil Menné
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Pal B. Szecsi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Steen Stender
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Peter Bager
- Department of Epidemiology Research, National Center for Health Data and Disease Control, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob P. Thyssen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Husemoen LLN, Skaaby T, Jørgensen T, Thuesen BH, Fenger M, Grarup N, Sandholt CH, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Linneberg A. MTHFR C677T genotype and cardiovascular risk in a general population without mandatory folic acid fortification. Eur J Nutr 2014; 53:1549-59. [PMID: 24458267 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Meta-analyses have suggested an effect of MTHFR C677T genotype (rs1801133), a proxy for blood total homocysteine, on cardiovascular disease (CVD) in populations with low population dietary folate. The aim was to examine the association and effect modification by serum folate and vitamin B12 levels between MTHFR and CVD-related outcomes in a general population with no mandatory folic acid fortification policy. METHODS The study population included 13,748 adults retrieved from pooling of four population-based studies conducted in Denmark. MTHFR genotype, serum folate (measured in approximately 9,356 individuals), and serum vitamin B12 (9,215 individuals), hypertension, and dyslipidemia were measured at baseline, and participants were followed for a mean of 10.5-11.7 years in central registries for diagnoses of stroke (623 incidents), ischaemic heart disease (IHD) (835 incidents), and all-cause mortality (1,272 incidents). RESULTS The MTHFR genotype (TT vs. CC/CT) was not associated with hypertension [OR (95% CI) 1.09 (0.95-1.25)], dyslipidemia [OR (95% CI) 0.97 (0.84-1.11)], stroke [HR (95% CI) 0.92 (0.69-1.23)], and all-cause mortality [HR (95% CI) 0.94 (0.77-1.14)], either overall, or in participants with low serum folate or B12 status (P values for interactions 0.15-0.94). Individuals with the MTHFR TT genotype had a higher risk of IHD (HR (95% CI) 1.38 (1.11-1.71)), but this association was not modified by folate status (P value for interaction 0.45). CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support a causal relationship between homocysteine and CVD. However, we cannot exclude a direct causal effect of MTHFR C677T genotype on IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Lotte N Husemoen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, The Capital Region of Denmark, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark,
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Husemoen LLN, Skaaby T, Jørgensen T, Thyssen JP, Meldgaard M, Szecsi PB, Stender S, Johansen JD, Linneberg A. No association between loss-of-function mutations in filaggrin and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84293. [PMID: 24367652 PMCID: PMC3867483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) are a major predisposing risk factor for atopic disease due to reduced epidermal filaggrin protein levels. We previously observed an association between these mutations and type 2 diabetes and hypothesized that an inherited impairment of skin barrier functions could facilitate low-grade inflammation and hence increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We examined the association between loss-of-function mutations in FLG and diabetes, stroke, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and all-cause mortality in the general population. METHODS The R501X and 2282del4 loss-of function mutations in FLG were genotyped in four Danish study populations including a total of 13373 adults aged 15-77 years. Two of the studies also genotyped the R2447X mutation. By linkage to Danish national central registers we obtained information for all participants on dates of diagnoses of diabetes, stroke, and IHD, as well as all-cause mortality. Data were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard models and combined by fixed effect meta-analyses. RESULTS In meta-analyses combining the results from the four individual studies, carriage of loss-of-function mutations in FLG was not associated with incident diabetes (hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence intervals (CI)) = 0.95 (0.73, 1.23), stroke (HR (95% CI) = 1.27 (0.97, 1.65), ischemic heart disease (HR (95%CI) = 0.92 (0.71, 1.19), and all-cause mortality (HR (95%CI) = 1.02 (0.83, 1.25)). Similar results were obtained when including prevalent cases in logistic regression models. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that loss-of-function mutations in FLG are not associated with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. However, larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to exclude any associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Lotte N. Husemoen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Tea Skaaby
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob P. Thyssen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Michael Meldgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Pal B. Szecsi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Steen Stender
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
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Pajak A, Szafraniec K, Kubinova R, Malyutina S, Peasey A, Pikhart H, Nikitin Y, Marmot M, Bobak M. Binge drinking and blood pressure: cross-sectional results of the HAPIEE study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65856. [PMID: 23762441 PMCID: PMC3676342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether binge drinking pattern influences blood pressure independently from drinking volume or whether it modifies the effect of volume of drinking. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from population samples of 7559 men and 7471 women aged 45-69 years in 2002-05, not on antihypertensive medication, from Russia, Poland and Czech Republic. Annual alcohol intake, drinking frequency and binge drinking (≥ 100 g in men and ≥ 60 g in women in one session at least once a month) were estimated from graduated frequency questionnaire. Blood pressure was analysed as continuous variables (systolic and diastolic pressure) and a binary outcome (≥ 140/90 mm Hg). RESULTS In men, annual alcohol intake and drinking frequency were strongly associated with blood pressure. The odds ratio of high blood pressure for binge drinking in men was 1.62 (95% CI 1.45-1.82) after controlling for age, country, body mass index, education and smoking; additional adjustment for annual alcohol intake reduced it to 1.20 (1.03-1.39). In women, the fully adjusted odds ratio of high blood pressure for binge drinking was 1.31 (1.05-1.63). Binge drinking did not modify the effect of annual alcohol intake. Consuming alcohol as wine, beer or spirits had similar effects. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the independent long-term effect of binge drinking was modest, that binge drinking did not modify the effect of alcohol intake, and that different alcoholic beverages had similar effects on blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Pajak
- Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krystyna Szafraniec
- Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ruzena Kubinova
- Centre for Health Monitoring, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anne Peasey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuri Nikitin
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Michael Marmot
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Linneberg A, Fenger RV, Husemoen LLN, Thuesen BH, Skaaby T, Gonzalez-Quintela A, Vidal C, Carlsen BC, Johansen JD, Menné T, Stender S, Melgaard M, Szecsi PB, Berg ND, Thyssen JP. Association between loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene and self-reported food allergy and alcohol sensitivity. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 161:234-42. [PMID: 23548340 DOI: 10.1159/000345949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss-of-function mutations of the filaggrin (FLG) gene cause an impaired skin barrier and increase the risk of atopic dermatitis. Interestingly, FLG mutations have also been found to be associated with a high risk of peanut allergy. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association of FLG mutations with self-reported food allergy, symptoms of oral allergy syndrome (OAS), and alcohol sensitivity. METHODS A total of 3,471 adults from the general population participated in a health examination. Information on food allergies, OAS and alcohol sensitivity was obtained by questionnaire. FLG mutation carriers were defined as having at least one null mutation allele of R501X or 2282del4. Primary lactose intolerance (PLI) was defined as the C/C genotype of the rs4988235 polymorphism. RESULTS FLG mutations were associated with a higher risk of self-reported allergy to eggs (OR 3.22 and 95% CI 1.46-7.11), milk (OR 2.10 and 95% CI 1.12-3.92), fish (OR 4.54 and 95% CI 1.88-10.96) and wheat (OR 3.59 and 95% CI 1.61-8.02), but not with symptoms of OAS (OR 1.05 and 95% CI 0.73-1.51). Serum-specific IgE was measured in a subsample and confirmed the association between FLG and IgE to milk. A significant gene-by-gene interaction between FLG and PLI was observed in relation to self-reported allergy to milk. Furthermore, FLG mutations were associated with a higher risk of alcohol sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS We found that loss-of-function mutations in the FLG gene were significantly associated with self-reported food allergy and alcohol sensitivity, but not with OAS. These findings, if confirmed, support the idea that skin barrier functions may be involved in the pathogenesis of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark. alllin01 @ regionh.dk
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Singh S, Brocker C, Koppaka V, Ying C, Jackson B, Matsumoto A, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Aldehyde dehydrogenases in cellular responses to oxidative/electrophilic stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 56. [PMID: 23195683 PMCID: PMC3631350 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously generated within living systems and the inability to manage ROS load leads to elevated oxidative stress and cell damage. Oxidative stress is coupled to the oxidative degradation of lipid membranes, also known as lipid peroxidation. This process generates over 200 types of aldehydes, many of which are highly reactive and toxic. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) metabolize endogenous and exogenous aldehydes and thereby mitigate oxidative/electrophilic stress in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. ALDHs are found throughout the evolutionary gamut, from single-celled organisms to complex multicellular species. Not surprisingly, many ALDHs in evolutionarily distant, and seemingly unrelated, species perform similar functions, including protection against a variety of environmental stressors such as dehydration and ultraviolet radiation. The ability to act as an "aldehyde scavenger" during lipid peroxidation is another ostensibly universal ALDH function found across species. Upregulation of ALDHs is a stress response in bacteria (environmental and chemical stress), plants (dehydration, salinity, and oxidative stress), yeast (ethanol exposure and oxidative stress), Caenorhabditis elegans (lipid peroxidation), and mammals (oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation). Recent studies have also identified ALDH activity as an important feature of cancer stem cells. In these cells, ALDH expression helps abrogate oxidative stress and imparts resistance against chemotherapeutic agents such as oxazaphosphorine, taxane, and platinum drugs. The ALDH superfamily represents a fundamentally important class of enzymes that contributes significantly to the management of electrophilic/oxidative stress within living systems. Mutations in various ALDHs are associated with a variety of pathological conditions in humans, highlighting the fundamental importance of these enzymes in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chad Brocker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vindhya Koppaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chen Ying
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brian Jackson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Akiko Matsumoto
- Department of Social Medicine, Saga University School of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - David C. Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Corresponding author: Vasilis Vasiliou, Ph.D., , phone: 1 (303) 724-3520, fax: 1 (303) 724-7266
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Vasiliou V, Thompson DC, Smith C, Fujita M, Chen Y. Aldehyde dehydrogenases: from eye crystallins to metabolic disease and cancer stem cells. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 202:2-10. [PMID: 23159885 PMCID: PMC4128326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily is composed of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)(+))-dependent enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. To date, 24 ALDH gene families have been identified in the eukaryotic genome. In addition to aldehyde metabolizing capacity, ALDHs have additional catalytic (e.g. esterase and reductase) and non-catalytic activities. The latter include functioning as structural elements in the eye (crystallins) and as binding molecules to endobiotics and xenobiotics. Mutations in human ALDH genes and subsequent inborn errors in aldehyde metabolism are the molecular basis of several diseases. Most recently ALDH polymorphisms have been associated with gout and osteoporosis. Aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes also play important roles in embryogenesis and development, neurotransmission, oxidative stress and cancer. This article serves as a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge regarding the ALDH superfamily and the contribution of ALDHs to various physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80445, USA.
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Comparative genomics, molecular evolution and computational modeling of ALDH1B1 and ALDH2. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 202:11-21. [PMID: 23247008 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate ALDH2 genes encode mitochondrial enzymes capable of metabolizing acetaldehyde and other biological aldehydes in the body. Mammalian ALDH1B1, another mitochondrial enzyme sharing 72% identity with ALDH2, is also capable of metabolizing acetaldehyde but has a tissue distribution and pattern of activity distinct from that of ALDH2. Bioinformatic analyses of several vertebrate genomes were undertaken using known ALDH2 and ALDH1B1 amino acid sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of many representative vertebrate species (including fish, amphibians, birds and mammals) indicated the presence of ALDH1B1 in many mammalian species and in frogs (Xenopus tropicalis); no evidence was found for ALDH1B1 in the genomes of birds, reptiles or fish. Predicted vertebrate ALDH2 and ALDH1B1 subunit sequences and structures were highly conserved, including residues previously shown to be involved in catalysis and coenzyme binding for human ALDH2. Studies of ALDH1B1 sequences supported the hypothesis that the ALDH1B1 gene originated in early vertebrates from a retrotransposition of the vertebrate ALDH2 gene. Given the high degree of similarity between ALDH2 and ALDH1B1, it is surprising that individuals with an inactivating mutation in ALDH2 (ALDH2*2) do not exhibit a compensatory increase in ALDH1B1 activity. We hypothesized that the similarity between the two ALDHs would allow for dominant negative heterotetramerization between the inactive ALDH2 mutants and ALDH1B1. Computational-based molecular modeling studies examining predicted protein-protein interactions indicated that heterotetramerization between ALDH2 and ALDH1B1 subunits was highly probable and may partially explain a lack of compensation by ALDH1B1 in ALDH2(∗)2 individuals.
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Hubacek JA, Pikhart H, Peasey A, Kubinova R, Bobak M. ADH1B polymorphism, alcohol consumption, and binge drinking in Slavic Caucasians: results from the Czech HAPIEE study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 36:900-5. [PMID: 22150722 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several genetic polymorphisms influence the risk of heavy alcohol consumption but it is not well understood whether the genetic effects are similar in different populations and drinking cultures, nor whether the genetic influences on binge drinking are similar to those seen for alcoholism. METHODS We have analyzed the effect of the Arg47His (rs1229984) variant within the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1B) gene on a range of drinking related variables in a large Eastern European Slavic population (Czech HAPIEE study), which recruited random samples of men and women aged 45-69 years in 7 Czech towns (3,016 males and 3,481 females with complete data). Drinking frequency, annual alcohol intake, prevalence of binge drinking (≥100 g in men and ≥60 g in women at least once a month) and the mean dose of alcohol per occasion were measured by the graduated frequency questionnaire. Alcohol intake in a typical week was used to define heavy drinking (≥350 g/wk in men and ≥210 g in women). Problem drinking (≥2 positive answers on CAGE) and negative consequences of drinking on different aspects of life were also measured. RESULTS The frequency of the His47 allele carriers was 11%. Homozygotes in the common allele (Arg47Arg), among both males and females, had significantly higher drinking frequency, and annual and weekly intake of alcohol than His47 carriers. The odds ratio of heavy drinking in Arg47Arg homozygotes versus His47 carriers was 2.1 (95% confidence intervals 1.1-3.2) in men and 2.2 (1.0-4.7) in women. In females, but not in males, Arg47Arg homozygotes had marginally significantly higher prevalence of binge drinking and mean alcohol dose per drinking session. There was no consistent association with problem drinking and negative consequences of drinking. CONCLUSIONS The ADH1B genotype was associated with the frequency and volume of drinking but its associations with binge drinking and problem drinking were less consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav A Hubacek
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Husemoen LLN, Jørgensen T, Borch-Johnsen K, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Linneberg A. The association of alcohol and alcohol metabolizing gene variants with diabetes and coronary heart disease risk factors in a white population. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11735. [PMID: 20700531 PMCID: PMC2916825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown a J- or U-shaped relation between alcohol and type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD). The underlying mechanisms are not clear. The aim was to examine the association between alcohol intake and diabetes and intermediate CHD risk factors in relation to selected ADH and ALDH gene variants. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Cross-sectional study including 6,405 Northern European men and women aged 30-60 years from the general population of Copenhagen, Denmark. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires, a physical examination, a 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test, and various blood tests. J shaped associations were observed between alcohol and diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MS), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and total homocysteine. Positive associations were observed with insulin sensitivity and HDL cholesterol, and a negative association with insulin release. Only a few of the selected ADH and ALDH gene variants was observed to have an effect. The ADH1c (rs1693482) fast metabolizing CC genotype was associated with an increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)/diabetes compared to the CT and TT genotypes. Significant interactions were observed between alcohol and ADH1b (rs1229984) with respect to LDL and between alcohol and ALDH2 (rs886205) with respect to IGT/diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The selected ADH and ALDH gene variants had only minor effects, and did not seem to markedly modify the health effects of alcohol drinking. The observed statistical significant associations would not be significant, if corrected for multiple testing.
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Stagos D, Chen Y, Brocker C, Donald E, Jackson BC, Orlicky DJ, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1: molecular cloning and characterization of a novel mitochondrial acetaldehyde-metabolizing enzyme. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38:1679-87. [PMID: 20616185 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.034678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol-induced damage is largely attributed to its toxic metabolite, acetaldehyde. Clearance of acetaldehyde is achieved by its oxidation, primarily catalyzed by the mitochondrial class II aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2). ALDH1B1 is another mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) that shares 75% peptide sequence homology with ALDH2. Recent population studies in whites suggest a role for ALDH1B1 in ethanol metabolism. However, to date, no formal documentation of the biochemical properties of ALDH1B1 has been forthcoming. In this current study, we cloned and expressed human recombinant ALDH1B1 in Sf9 insect cells. The resultant enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography to homogeneity. The kinetic properties of purified human ALDH1B1 were assessed using a wide range of aldehyde substrates. Human ALDH1B1 had an exclusive preference for NAD(+) as the cofactor and was catalytically active toward short- and medium-chain aliphatic aldehydes, aromatic aldehydes, and the products of lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxynonenal and malondialdehyde. Most importantly, human ALDH1B1 exhibited an apparent K(m) of 55 μM for acetaldehyde, making it the second low K(m) ALDH for metabolism of this substrate. The dehydrogenase activity of ALDH1B1 was sensitive to disulfiram inhibition, a feature also shared with ALDH2. The tissue distribution of ALDH1B1 in C57BL/6J mice and humans was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical analysis. The highest expression occurred in the liver, followed by the intestinal tract, implying a potential physiological role for ALDH1B1 in these tissues. The current study is the first report on the expression, purification, and biochemical characterization of human ALDH1B1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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