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Hardy SA, Hurst JL. Adolescent motivations to abstain from sex and alcohol: a self-determination theory approach. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2021.2007767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Manu E, Douglas M, Ayanore MA. Socio-ecological influences of adolescence marijuana use initiation: Qualitative evidence from two illicit marijuana-growing communities in South Africa. S Afr J Psychiatr 2020; 26:1477. [PMID: 32934841 PMCID: PMC7479363 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v26i0.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescence has been identified as a critical risk period for substance use initiation, such as marijuana. Although several factors have been cited for adolescent marijuana use, those that influence initiation, especially in an African setting where illicit marijuana activities are rife, have not been contextually explored. Aim We ascertained the factors that influence adolescent marijuana use initiation in two marijuana-growing communities in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, based on the constructs of the socio-ecological model. Setting The study was conducted in two selected illicit marijuana growing communities in the Ingquza Hill Local Municipality of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Methods Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among 37 participants, grouped into four focus groups. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to select the communities and participants, respectively. An FGD guide was used to collect the data. The data were analysed using thematic content analysis approach and presented under various themes. Results Twelve influences of adolescent marijuana use initiation, grouped under three main levels of socio-ecological influence, personal characteristics (curiosity, shyness and fulfilment of personal need), micro-level influences (peer pressure, negative school climate, presence of marijuana in households and parental or sibling marijuana use) and macro-level influences (child labour, poverty, presence of marijuana in communities, presence of negative adult role models and breakdown in communal restrictions against marijuana use), were found. Conclusion Health promotion programmes, targeting socio-ecological motives of adolescent marijuana use initiation in the two communities, should be intensified to break the cycle of adolescent marijuana use. Also, alternative livelihood schemes should be implemented in the affected communities to break the cycle of illegal marijuana cultivation that promotes adolescent marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Manu
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Mbuyiselo Douglas
- School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Martin A Ayanore
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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Moore JP, Hardy SA. Longitudinal relations between substance use abstinence motivations and substance use behaviors in adolescence: A self‐determination theory approach. J Pers 2019; 88:735-747. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Paul Moore
- Stanford Graduate School of Education Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Sam A. Hardy
- Department of Psychology Brigham Young University Provo UT USA
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Greene KM, Murphy ST, Rossheim ME. Context and culture: Reasons young adults drink and drive in rural America. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 121:194-201. [PMID: 30253343 PMCID: PMC6223126 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Montana, a large and rural U.S. state, has a motor vehicle fatality rate almost double the national average. For young adults, the alcohol-related motor vehicle fatality rate in the state is almost three times the national average. Yet little research has explored the underlying reasons that young people in rural areas drink and drive. Drawing from the theory of triadic influence (TTI) and a series of qualitative focus group discussions, the current study examined how aspects of the landscape and culture of rural America promote and hinder drinking and driving among young people. In 2015 and 2016, 72 young adults (36 females) aged 18-25 years old (mean age = 20.2) participated in 11 semi-structured focus groups in 8 rural counties in Montana. Discussions were transcribed, and two reviewers independently coded text segments. Themes were identified and an inductive explanatory model was created. The results demonstrated that aspects of the social context (e.g., peer pressure and parental modeling), rural cultural values (e.g., independence, stoicism, and social cohesion), and the legal and physical environment (e.g., minimal police presence, sparse population, and no alternative transportation) promoted drinking and driving. The results also identified salient protective factors in each of these domains. Our findings demonstrate the importance of examining underlying distal determinants of drinking and driving. Furthermore, they suggest that future research and interventions should consider the complex ways in which cultural values and environmental factors intersect to shape the risky health behaviors of rural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin M Greene
- Montana State University, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, P.O. Box 172380, Bozeman, 59717, MT, USA.
| | - Samuel T Murphy
- Montana State University, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, P.O. Box 172380, Bozeman, 59717, MT, USA
| | - Matthew E Rossheim
- George Mason University, Department of Global and Community Health, 4400 University Drive, MS5B7, Peterson Family Health Sciences Hall, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
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Greene KM. Perceptions of driving after marijuana use compared to alcohol use among rural American young adults. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37:637-644. [PMID: 29464852 PMCID: PMC6028284 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Substance use contributes to motor vehicle crashes, the leading cause of death among young adults. The current qualitative study examined perceptions of the acceptability and harms associated with driving after marijuana versus alcohol use in rural America. Illuminating rural perspectives is critical given that the motor vehicle fatality rate is twice as high in rural as in urban areas in the USA. DESIGN AND METHODS In 2015-2016, 72 young adults aged 18-25 years (Mage = 20.2; 50.7% female) living in Montana, USA, participated in 11 focus groups. A list of descriptive codes was generated inductively and two individuals coded participant comments. Discussion, memoing and concept mapping were used to uncover broader themes and transcripts were reviewed for evidence of these themes. RESULTS There was shared consensus that, with regard to crash risk, driving after marijuana use was safer than driving after alcohol use. While alcohol was thought to impair driving ability universally, marijuana's impacts depended on individual characteristics (e.g. compensatory behaviours) and the marijuana itself (e.g. type). Participants expressed conflicting beliefs about policies surrounding marijuana use and driving but were more knowledgeable about alcohol-related policies. Participants viewed older adults and those in frontier areas as more disapproving of driving after marijuana use. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Misinformation about the consequences of driving after marijuana use is common, demonstrating the need for future research and educational interventions. Developing and disseminating guidelines for driving after marijuana use would help marijuana users make informed decisions and mitigate driving-related risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin M Greene
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Montana State University, Bozeman, USA
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Rossheim ME, Greene KM, Stephenson CJ. Activities and Situations When Young Adults Drive Drunk in Rural Montana. Am J Health Behav 2018; 42:27-36. [PMID: 29663978 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.42.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This qualitative study explored activities and situations that often result in young adults driving while under the influence of alcohol in rural Montana. METHODS Eleven focus groups were conducted in 8 rural counties across Montana, and 72 persons (50.7% female, 63.4% college students) aged 18 to 25 years old participated. Focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed, and narrative text segments were coded independently by 2 researchers. RESULTS Participants noted a variety of situations specific to rural settings that promoted drunk driving by young adults. Drinking at several types of outdoor activities, such as branding events and festivals, facilitated alcohol consumption in underage youth; drunk driving often followed. Underage youth frequently drank while driving along back roads to avoid detection. Drinking while driving, ie, booze cruising, was thought of as a fun activity and sometimes involved firearms, ie, spotlighting. Driving after drinking was seen as necessary to get home or to other locations. CONCLUSIONS Our findings should be used to inform multifaceted community-wide programs aimed at reducing underage alcohol consumption as well as deterring driving after/while drinking. Interventions could include media campaigns, improving enforcement of DUI and underage drinking laws, providing alternative transportation, and passing additional alcohol control laws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Rossheim
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - Kaylin M. Greene
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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Motamedi M, Caldwell L, Wegner L, Smith E, Jones D. Girls Just Want to Know Where to Have Fun: Preventing Substance Use Initiation in an Under-Resourced Community in South Africa Through HealthWise. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2017; 17:700-9. [PMID: 27129478 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-016-0654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined how the perception of the availability of leisure opportunities may prevent substance use initiation through HealthWise, a school-based program focused on reducing risky behavior. In this study, we specifically focused on whether HealthWise increased student perceptions of leisure opportunities between 8th grade and 10th grade (N = 5610) in an under-resourced community in South Africa. Path analyses were used to test hypotheses. Given gender differences in substance use patterns, societal norms, and leisure opportunities in under-resourced communities, such as the townships of Cape Town, South Africa, it was especially important to examine associations within each gender. Results suggested that HealthWise directly reduced the likelihood of initiating alcohol and cigarette use and increased the amount of perceived leisure opportunities among girls but not boys. Perceived leisure opportunities mediated the effect of HealthWise on reducing the initiation of alcohol and cigarette use directly, and marijuana use indirectly, among girls but not boys. This is the first study to demonstrate how experimentally targeting leisure through an intervention can increase perceived leisure opportunities and thereby prevent early substance use initiation for a specific population. The importance of considering the context of gender, age, and location is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Wegner
- University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edward Smith
- Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Damon Jones
- Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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Zhang J, Jemmott JB, Heeren GA. Sub-Saharan African University Students' Beliefs about Abstinence, Condom Use, and Limiting the Number of Sexual Partners. Behav Med 2017; 43:9-20. [PMID: 25864861 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2015.1028321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Given the high risk of HIV infection among university students in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a need for culturally appropriate risk-reduction interventions specifically targeting this population. Efforts to reduce the risk require an understanding of the modifiable antecedents of sexual-risk behaviors. We report the results of a semi-structured elicitation survey based on the reasoned action approach to identify behavioral, normative, and control beliefs regarding abstinence, condom use, and limiting sexual partners. Two coders classified into 64 belief categories the written responses of 96 sub-Saharan African university students. Most students believed each behavior could reduce risk of HIV infection. The students reported that peer pressure and being in a risky environment made it harder to practice abstinence. Good communication made it easier to use condoms and to limit partners; however, unstable relationships made practicing these protective behaviors harder. The identified beliefs help to inform the development of theory-based HIV risk-reduction interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- a Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania
| | - John B Jemmott
- a Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania.,b Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - G Anita Heeren
- b Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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McLaughlin A, Campbell A, McColgan M. Adolescent Substance Use in the Context of the Family: A Qualitative Study of Young People's Views on Parent-Child Attachments, Parenting Style and Parental Substance Use. Subst Use Misuse 2016; 51:1846-55. [PMID: 27606719 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1197941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent substance use can place youth at risk of a range of poor outcomes. Few studies have attempted to explore in-depth young people's perceptions of how familial processes and dynamics influence adolescent substance use. OBJECTIVES This article aimed to explore risk and protective factors for youth substance use within the context of the family with a view to informing family based interventions. METHODS Nine focus groups supplemented with participatory techniques were facilitated with a purposive sample of sixty-two young people (age 13-17 years) from post-primary schools across Northern Ireland. The data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Three themes emerged from the data: (1) parent-child attachments, (2) parenting style, and (3) parental and sibling substance misuse. Parent-child attachment was identified as an important factor in protecting adolescents from substance use in addition to effective parenting particularly an authoritative style supplemented with parental monitoring and strong parent-child communication to encourage child disclosure. Family substance use was considered to impact on children's substance use if exposed at an early age and the harms associated with parental substance misuse were discussed in detail. Both parent and child gender differences were cross-cutting themes. CONCLUSION Parenting programmes (tailored to mothers and fathers) may benefit young people via components on authoritative styles, parental monitoring, communication, nurturing attachments and parent-child conflict. Youth living with more complex issues, e.g., parental substance misuse, may benefit from programmes delivered beyond the family environment, e.g., school based settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling McLaughlin
- a Institute of Child Care Research , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
| | - Anne Campbell
- b School of Sociology, Social Policy & Social Work , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
| | - Mary McColgan
- c School of Sociology & Applied Social Studies , University of Ulster , Londonderry , United Kingdom
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Swartbooi C, Savahl S, Isobell D, Khan G, Wagenaar C, Makonyonga F, Maseti T, Parker L, Ramaite T. Adolescents’ perceptions of health and well-being: Influences of urban contemporary music. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2016.1208958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Swartbooi
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shazly Savahl
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Deborah Isobell
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gadija Khan
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Cassandra Wagenaar
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fadzisai Makonyonga
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thandokazi Maseti
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Laaiqah Parker
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tshinondiwa Ramaite
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Groenewald C, Bhana A. “It was Bad to See My [Child] Doing this”: Mothers’ Experiences of Living with Adolescents with Substance Abuse Problems. Int J Ment Health Addict 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-015-9605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Hardy SA, Dollahite DC, Johnson N, Christensen JB. Adolescent Motivations to Engage in Pro-Social Behaviors and Abstain From Health-Risk Behaviors: A Self-Determination Theory Approach. J Pers 2014; 83:479-90. [PMID: 25130713 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study used self-determination theory to examine adolescents' motivations to engage in charitable donating and community volunteering and to abstain from sexual intercourse and marijuana use. The sample consisted of 419 late adolescents recruited from across the country through an online survey panel. Participants completed online measures of motivations to engage in donating and volunteering, motivations to abstain from sex and marijuana, and single-item indexes of the four behaviors. Variable-centered analyses (correlation and regression) found evidence for a general motivational factor, motivational specificity by behavioral domain (positive and negative behaviors), motivational specificity by particular behavior (charitable donating, volunteering, sexual risk-taking, and marijuana use), and a stronger relative role for autonomous motivations than controlled motivations. Person-centered analyses (cluster analysis) found four motivation profiles (low motivation, medium motivation, high motivation, and mixed motivation) for all four behaviors and suggested that level of autonomous motivation was a key factor differentiating the groups on levels of behavior. The findings suggest different levels of motivational specificity and highlight the importance of autonomous motivations in predicting behaviors as compared to controlled motivations. Further, similar patterns were found for motivations to engage and to abstain.
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Gevers A, Mathews C, Cupp P, Russell M, Jewkes R. Illegal yet developmentally normative: a descriptive analysis of young, urban adolescents' dating and sexual behaviour in Cape Town, South Africa. BMC INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS 2013; 13:31. [PMID: 23841894 PMCID: PMC3718713 DOI: 10.1186/1472-698x-13-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In South Africa, it is illegal for adolescents under age 16 years to engage in any sexual behaviour whether kissing, petting, or penetrative sex, regardless of consent. This cross-sectional study investigated the extent to which young adolescents engage in various sexual behaviours and the associations between dating status and sexual behaviours. METHOD Grade 8 adolescents (N = 474, ages 12-15 years, mean = 14.14 years) recruited from Cape Town schools completed surveys providing information about their sociodemographic backgrounds, dating experience, sexual behaviour, and substance use. RESULTS Lower hierarchy sexual behaviours, such as kissing (71.4% of girls; 88.4% of boys), were more common than oral (3.9% of girls; 13.8% of boys), vaginal (9.3% of girls; 30.0% of boys), or anal (1.4% of girls; 10.5% of boys) sex. Currently dating girls and boys were more likely to engage in sexual behaviours including several risk behaviours in comparison to their currently non-dating counterparts. These risk behaviours included penetrative sex (21.1% of dating vs. 4.5% of non-dating girls; 49.4% of dating vs. 20.2% of non-dating boys), sex with co-occurring substance use (22.2% of dating vs. 0 non-dating girls; 32.1% of dating vs. 40% of non-dating boys), and no contraceptive use (26.1% of sexually experienced girls; 44.4% of sexually experienced boys). Among girls, there were significant associations between ever having penetrative sex and SES (OR = 2.592, p = 0.017) and never dating (OR = 0.330, p = 0.016). Among boys, there were significant associations between ever having penetrative sex and never dating (OR = 0.162, p = 0.008). Although the currently dating group of young adolescents appear to be a precocious group in terms of risk behaviour relative to the currently non-dating group, teenagers in both groups had experience in the full range of sexual behaviours. CONCLUSIONS Many young adolescents are engaging in a variety of sexual behaviours ranging from kissing and touching to intercourse. Of particular concern are those engaging in risky sexual behaviour. These findings indicate that adolescents need to be prepared for sexual negotiation and decision-making from an early age through comprehensive and accessible education and health services; sections of current legislation may be a barrier to adopting such policies and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aník Gevers
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Adolescent Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Cathy Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Adolescent Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pam Cupp
- Department of Communication, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marcia Russell
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Jewkes
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Health Sciences Faculty, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Sacolo HN, Chung MH, Chu H, Liao YM, Chen CH, Ou KL, Chang LI, Chou KR. High risk sexual behaviors for HIV among the in-school youth in Swaziland: a structural equation modeling approach. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67289. [PMID: 23861756 PMCID: PMC3701534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global efforts in response to the increased prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are mainly aimed at reducing high risk sexual behaviors among young people. However, knowledge regarding intentions of young people to engage in protective sexual behaviors is still lacking in many countries around the world, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa where prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus is the highest. The objective of this study was to test the theory of planned behavior (TPB) for predicting factors associated with protective sexual behaviors, including sexual abstinence and condom use, among in-school youths aged between 15 and 19 years in Swaziland. Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted using a anonymous questionnaire. A two-stage stratified and cluster random sampling method was used. Approximately one hundred pupils from each of four schools agreed to participate in the study, providing a total sample size of 403 pupils of which 369 were ultimately included for data analysis. The response rate was 98%. Structural equation modeling was used to analyse hypothesized paths. Results The TPB model used in this study was effective in predicting protective sexual behavior among Swazi in-school youths, as shown by model fit indices. All hypothesized constructs significantly predicted intentions for abstinence and condom use, except perceived abstinence controls. Subjective norms were the strongest predictors of intention for premarital sexual abstinence; however, perceived controls for condom use were the strongest predictors of intention for condom use. Conclusions Our findings support application of the model in predicting determinants of condom use and abstinence intentions among Swazi in-school youths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min-Huey Chung
- Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Chu
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Mei Liao
- Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Graduat Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lu-I Chang
- Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Ru Chou
- Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Palen LA, Caldwell LL, Smith EA, Gleeson SL, Patrick ME. A mixed-method analysis of free-time involvement and motivation among adolescents in Cape Town, South Africa. LEISURE (WATERLOO, ONT.) 2011; 35:227-252. [PMID: 23055820 PMCID: PMC3466084 DOI: 10.1080/14927713.2011.615641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Using focus group (N = 114) and survey (N = 946) data, this study employed Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as an organizing framework to examine free-time use and motivation among predominantly mixed-race adolescents from one area in South Africa. Adolescents reported participating in a broad range of activities, with socializing, media use, sports, risk behaviour, and performing arts being most frequently mentioned. All of the motivation types proposed by SDT were spontaneously mentioned by focus group participants. Free time was most strongly characterized by intrinsic motivations, such as competence, relatedness, and positive affect. Activities were also seen as a way to achieve outside goals. With few exceptions, multiple motivations were identified for the same activities, and specific motivations were reported across multiple activity types. The findings suggest that positive motivational experiences were not limited to a specific subset of activities. However, future longitudinal research on participation, motivation, and outcomes is needed to determine the developmental implications of different forms of free-time motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori-Ann Palen
- Risk Behavior and Family Research, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194 USA
| | - Linda L. Caldwell
- Department of Recreation, Park & Tourism Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Edward A. Smith
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Sarah L. Gleeson
- Department of Recreation, Park & Tourism Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Megan E. Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106-1248 USA
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