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Frunt R, El Otmani H, Smits S, Clark CC, Maas C. Factor XII contact activation can be prevented by targeting 2 unique patches in its epidermal growth factor-like 1 domain with a nanobody. J Thromb Haemost 2024:S1538-7836(24)00360-X. [PMID: 38897387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factor (F)XII triggers contact activation by binding to foreign surfaces, with the epidermal growth factor-like 1 (EGF-1) domain being the primary binding site. Blocking FXII surface-binding might hold therapeutic value to prevent medical device-induced thrombosis. OBJECTIVES To unravel and prevent EGF-1-mediated FXII surface-binding with variable domains of a heavy chain-only antibody (VHH). METHODS FXII variants with glutamine substitutions of 2 positively charged amino acid patches within the EGF-1 domain were created. Their role in FXII contact activation was assessed using kaolin pull-down experiments, amidolytic activity assays, and clotting assays. FXII EGF-1 domain-specific VHHs were raised to inhibit EGF-1-mediated FXII contact activation while preserving quiescence. RESULTS Two unique, positively charged patches in the EGF-1 domain were identified (upstream, 73K74K76K78H81K82H; downstream, 87K113K). Neutralizing the charge of both patches led to a 99% reduction in FXII kaolin binding, subsequent decrease in autoactivation of 94%, and prolongation of clot formation in activated partial thromboplastin time assays from 36 (±2) to 223 (±13) seconds. Three FXII EGF-1-specific VHHs were developed that are capable of inhibiting kaolin binding and subsequent contact system activation in plasma. The most effective VHH "F2" binds the positively charged patches and thereby dose-dependently extends activated partial thromboplastin time clotting times from 29 (±2) to 43 (±3) seconds without disrupting FXII quiescence. CONCLUSION The 2 unique, positively charged patches in FXII EGF-1 cooperatively mediate FXII surface-binding, making both patches crucial for contact activation. Targeting these with FXII EGF-1-specific VHHs can exclusively decrease FXII surface-binding and subsequent contact activation, while preserving zymogen quiescence. These patches thus have potential as druggable targets in preventing medical device-induced thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan Frunt
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hinde El Otmani
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Smits
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal C Clark
- Center for Benign Hematology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis - Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen Maas
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Haupeltshofer S, Mencl S, Szepanowski RD, Hansmann C, Casas AI, Abberger H, Hansen W, Blusch A, Deuschl C, Forsting M, Hermann DM, Langhauser F, Kleinschnitz C. Delayed plasma kallikrein inhibition fosters post-stroke recovery by reducing thrombo-inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:155. [PMID: 38872149 PMCID: PMC11177352 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03149-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation of the kallikrein-kinin system promotes vascular leakage, inflammation, and neurodegeneration in ischemic stroke. Inhibition of plasma kallikrein (PK) - a key component of the KKS - in the acute phase of ischemic stroke has been reported to reduce thrombosis, inflammation, and damage to the blood-brain barrier. However, the role of PK during the recovery phase after cerebral ischemia is unknown. To this end, we evaluated the effect of subacute PK inhibition starting from day 3 on the recovery process after transient middle artery occlusion (tMCAO). Our study demonstrated a protective effect of PK inhibition by reducing infarct volume and improving functional outcome at day 7 after tMCAO. In addition, we observed reduced thrombus formation in cerebral microvessels, fewer infiltrated immune cells, and an improvement in blood-brain barrier integrity. This protective effect was facilitated by promoting tight junction reintegration, reducing detrimental matrix metalloproteinases, and upregulating regenerative angiogenic markers. Our findings suggest that PK inhibition in the subacute phase might be a promising approach to accelerate the post-stroke recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Haupeltshofer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Stine Mencl
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Rebecca D Szepanowski
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Christina Hansmann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Ana I Casas
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology & Personalized Medicine, MeHNS, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Abberger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstr. 179, D-45147, Essen, Germany
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstr. 179, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Alina Blusch
- Department of Neurology, Center for Huntington's Disease NRW, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, D-44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Cornelius Deuschl
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Forsting
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, Department of Neurology, Medical Research Centre, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Friederike Langhauser
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
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3
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Motta G, Juliano L, Chagas JR. Human plasma kallikrein: roles in coagulation, fibrinolysis, inflammation pathways, and beyond. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1188816. [PMID: 37711466 PMCID: PMC10499198 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1188816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human plasma kallikrein (PKa) is obtained by activating its precursor, prekallikrein (PK), historically named the Fletcher factor. Human PKa and tissue kallikreins are serine proteases from the same family, having high- and low-molecular weight kininogens (HKs and LKs) as substrates, releasing bradykinin (Bk) and Lys-bradykinin (Lys-Bk), respectively. This review presents a brief history of human PKa with details and recent observations of its evolution among the vertebrate coagulation proteins, including the relations with Factor XI. We explored the role of Factor XII in activating the plasma kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), the mechanism of activity and control in the KKS, and the function of HK on contact activation proteins on cell membranes. The role of human PKa in cell biology regarding the contact system and KSS, particularly the endothelial cells, and neutrophils, in inflammatory processes and infectious diseases, was also approached. We examined the natural plasma protein inhibitors, including a detailed survey of human PKa inhibitors' development and their potential market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guacyara Motta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Juliano
- Departamento de Biofisica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jair Ribeiro Chagas
- Departamento de Biofisica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Wang Y, Jia Y, Xu Q, Yang P, Sun L, Liu Y, Chang X, He Y, Shi M, Guo D, Zhang Y, Zhu Z. Association Between Prekallikrein and Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030525. [PMID: 37581399 PMCID: PMC10492928 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Background High plasma prekallikrein was reported to be associated with increased risks of stroke, but the causality for these associations remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations of genetically predicted plasma prekallikrein concentrations with all-cause stroke, ischemic stroke, 3 ischemic stroke subtypes, and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using a 2-sample Mendelian randomization approach. Methods and Results Seven independent prekallikrein-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified as genetic instruments for prekallikrein based on a genome-wide association study with 1000 European individuals. The summary statistics for all-cause stroke, ischemic stroke, and ischemic stroke subtypes were obtained from the Multiancestry Genome-wide Association Study of Stroke Consortium with 40 585 cases and 406 111 controls of European ancestry. The summary statistics for ICH were obtained from the ISGC (International Stroke Genetics Consortium) with 1545 ICH cases and 1481 controls of European ancestry. In the main analysis, the inverse-variance weighted method was applied to estimate the associations of plasma prekallikrein concentrations with all-cause stroke, ischemic stroke, ischemic stroke subtypes, and ICH. Genetically predicted high plasma prekallikrein levels were significantly associated with elevated risks of all-cause stroke (odds ratio [OR] per SD increase, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02-1.06]; P=5.44×10-5), ischemic stroke (OR per SD increase, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.03-1.07]; P=1.42×10-5), cardioembolic stroke (OR per SD increase, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.03-1.12]; P=3.75×10-4), and small vessel stroke (OR per SD increase, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.06-1.17]; P=3.02×10-5). However, no significant associations were observed for genetically predicted prekallikrein concentrations with large artery stroke and ICH. Conclusions This Mendelian randomization study found that genetically predicted high plasma prekallikrein concentrations were associated with increased risks of all-cause stroke, ischemic stroke, cardioembolic stroke, and small vessel stroke, indicating that prekallikrein might have a critical role in the development of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yiming Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qingyun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Pinni Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xinyue Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yu He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Daoxia Guo
- School of NursingSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Tsutsui S, Yoshimura A, Iwakuma Y, Nakamura O. Discovery of Teleost Plasma Kallikrein/Coagulation Factor XI-Like Gene from Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and the Evidence that the Protein Encoded by it Acts as a Lectin. J Mol Evol 2023:10.1007/s00239-023-10113-4. [PMID: 37154840 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian plasma kallikrein (PK) and coagulation factor XI (fXI) are serine proteases that play in the kinin-kallikrein cascade and in the blood clotting pathway. These proteases share sequence homology and have four apple domains (APDs) and a serine protease domain (SPD) from their N-terminus to C-terminus. No homologs of these proteases are believed to be present in fish species, except for lobe-finned fish. Fish, however, have a unique lectin, named kalliklectin (KL), which is composed of APDs only. In the present study, we found genomic sequences encoding a protein with both APDs and SPD in a few cartilaginous and bony fishes, including the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, using bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, we purified two ~ 70 kDa proteins from the blood plasma of the catfish using mannose-affinity and gel filtration chromatography sequentially. Using de novo sequencing with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, several internal amino acid sequences in these proteins were mapped onto possible PK/fXI-like sequences that are thought to be splicing variants. Exploration of APD-containing proteins in the hagfish genome database and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the PK/fXI-like gene originated from hepatocyte growth factor, and that the gene was acquired in a common ancestor of jawed fish. Synteny analysis provided evidence for chromosomal translocation around the PK/fXI-like locus that occurred in the common ancestor of holosteans and teleosts after separation from the lobe-finned fish lineage, or gene duplication into two chromosomes, followed by independent gene losses. This is the first identification of PK/fXI-like proteins in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Asuka Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Iwakuma
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakamura
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
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6
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Ji H, Li Y, Su B, Zhao W, Kizhakkedathu JN, Zhao C. Advances in Enhancing Hemocompatibility of Hemodialysis Hollow-Fiber Membranes. ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS 2023; 5:1-43. [PMID: 37361105 PMCID: PMC10068248 DOI: 10.1007/s42765-023-00277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hemodialysis, the most common modality of renal replacement therapy, is critically required to remove uremic toxins from the blood of patients with end-stage kidney disease. However, the chronic inflammation, oxidative stress as well as thrombosis induced by the long-term contact of hemoincompatible hollow-fiber membranes (HFMs) contribute to the increase in cardiovascular diseases and mortality in this patient population. This review first retrospectively analyzes the current clinical and laboratory research progress in improving the hemocompatibility of HFMs. Details on different HFMs currently in clinical use and their design are described. Subsequently, we elaborate on the adverse interactions between blood and HFMs, involving protein adsorption, platelet adhesion and activation, and the activation of immune and coagulation systems, and the focus is on how to improve the hemocompatibility of HFMs in these aspects. Finally, challenges and future perspectives for improving the hemocompatibility of HFMs are also discussed to promote the development and clinical application of new hemocompatible HFMs. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Ji
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine & Center for Blood Research & Life Science Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Life Sciences Centre, The School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Yupei Li
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207 China
| | - Baihai Su
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine & Center for Blood Research & Life Science Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Life Sciences Centre, The School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 People’s Republic of China
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Jiang S, Chen Y, Xie H, Liu M, Zheng X, Wang M. A Novel Homozygous Missense Mutation (Ile583Asn) in a Consanguineous Marriage Family with Hereditary Factor XII Deficiency: A Case Report. Hamostaseologie 2022; 43:142-145. [PMID: 36481867 DOI: 10.1055/a-1962-1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background Hereditary coagulation factor XII (FXII) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder. At present, the contribution of severe FXII deficiency to the development of thromboembolism is still undetermined. There are limited reports on the relationship between the FXII defect and thromboembolism.
Case Presentation A 27-year-old woman came to our hospital for the treatment of shoulder trauma and cervical disc herniation caused by a car accident. The shoulder trauma was treated with five stitches. After physical examination, imaging examination, and routine coagulation examination, cervical disc herniation was treated conservatively. Combined with the examination results, the patient was diagnosed with FXII deficiency. Unfortunately, the patient was readmitted 10 days after the trauma with edema in the lower limbs and secondary varicose veins. The D-dimer increased to 6.22 mg/L. Thrombus in the inferior vena cava and right common iliac was shown by lower limb venography. According to the patient's medical history, the F12 gene was analyzed by direct sequencing. The patient was also screened for other thrombotic risk factors. Genetic analysis showed that the patient had a c.1748T > A (p.Ile583Asn) homozygous missense mutation in exon 14 of the F12 gene. No other hereditary thrombophilia risk factors screened were positive in the patient.
Conclusion The p.Ile583Asn missense mutation in exon 14 of the F12 gene might be responsible for the reduction of the FXII level in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haixiao Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meina Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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8
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Alfaro E, Díaz-García E, García-Tovar S, Zamarrón E, Mangas A, Galera R, Nanwani-Nanwani K, Pérez-de-Diego R, López-Collazo E, García-Río F, Cubillos-Zapata C. Impaired Kallikrein-Kinin System in COVID-19 Patients' Severity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909342. [PMID: 35812405 PMCID: PMC9258198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has emerged as a devastating disease in the last 2 years. Many authors appointed to the importance of kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) in COVID-19 pathophysiology as it is involved in inflammation, vascular homeostasis, and coagulation. We aim to study the bradykinin cascade and its involvement in severity of patients with COVID-19. This is an observational cohort study involving 63 consecutive patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and 27 healthy subjects as control group. Clinical laboratory findings and plasma protein concentration of KKS peptides [bradykinin (BK), BK1-8], KKS proteins [high–molecular weight kininogen (HK)], and KKS enzymes [carboxypeptidase N subunit 1 (CPN1), kallikrein B1 (KLKB1), angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and C1 esterase inhibitor (C1INH)] were analyzed. We detected dysregulated KKS in patients with COVID-19, characterized by an accumulation of BK1-8 in combination with decreased levels of BK. Accumulated BK1-8 was related to severity of patients with COVID-19. A multivariate logistic regression model retained BK1-8, BK, and D-dimer as independent predictor factors to intensive care unit (ICU) admission. A Youden’s optimal cutoff value of −0.352 was found for the multivariate model score with an accuracy of 92.9%. Multivariate model score-high group presented an odds ratio for ICU admission of 260.0. BK1-8 was related to inflammation, coagulation, and lymphopenia. Our data suggest that BK1-8/BK plasma concentration in combination with D-dimer levels might be retained as independent predictors for ICU admission in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, we reported KKS dysregulation in patients with COVID-19, which was related to disease severity by means of inflammation, hypercoagulation, and lymphopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Alfaro
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Díaz-García
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara García-Tovar
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Zamarrón
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Mangas
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Galera
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rebeca Pérez-de-Diego
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Human Diseases, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Interdepartmental Group of Immunodeficiencies, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco García-Río
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco García-Río, ; Carolina Cubillos-Zapata,
| | - Carolina Cubillos-Zapata
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco García-Río, ; Carolina Cubillos-Zapata,
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9
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Nopp S, Kraemmer D, Ay C. Factor XI Inhibitors for Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism: A Review on the Rationale and Update on Current Evidence. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:903029. [PMID: 35647061 PMCID: PMC9133368 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.903029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although anticoagulation therapy has evolved from non-specific drugs (i.e., heparins and vitamin K antagonists) to agents that directly target specific coagulation factors (i.e., direct oral anticoagulants, argatroban, fondaparinux), thrombosis remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Direct oral anticoagulants (i.e., factor IIa- and factor Xa-inhibitors) now dominate clinical practice because of their favorable pharmacological profile and ease of use, particularly in venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment and stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. However, despite having a better safety profile than vitamin K antagonists, their bleeding risk is not insignificant. This is true for all currently available anticoagulants, and a high bleeding risk is considered a contraindication to anticoagulation. As a result, ongoing research focuses on developing future anticoagulants with an improved safety profile. Several promising approaches to reduce the bleeding risk involve targeting the intrinsic (or contact activation) pathway of coagulation, with the ultimate goal of preventing thrombosis without impairing hemostasis. Based on epidemiological data on hereditary factor deficiencies and preclinical studies factor XI (FXI) emerged as the most promising candidate target. In this review, we highlight unmet clinical needs of anticoagulation therapy, outlay the rationale and evidence for inhibiting FXI, discuss FXI inhibitors in current clinical trials, conduct an exploratory meta-analysis on their efficacy and safety, and provide an outlook on the potential clinical application of these novel anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cihan Ay
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Wong PC, Crain EJ, Bozarth JM, Wu Y, Dilger AK, Wexler RR, Ewing WR, Gordon D, Luettgen JM. Milvexian, an orally bioavailable, small-molecule, reversible, direct inhibitor of factor XIa: In vitro studies and in vivo evaluation in experimental thrombosis in rabbits. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:399-408. [PMID: 34752670 PMCID: PMC9299130 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milvexian (BMS-986177/JNJ-70033093) is an orally bioavailable factor XIa (FXIa) inhibitor currently in phase 2 clinical trials. OBJECTIVES To evaluate in vitro properties and in vivo characteristics of milvexian. METHODS In vitro properties of milvexian were evaluated with coagulation and enzyme assays, and in vivo profiles were characterized with rabbit models of electrolytic-induced carotid arterial thrombosis and cuticle bleeding time (BT). RESULTS Milvexian is an active-site, reversible inhibitor of human and rabbit FXIa (Ki 0.11 and 0.38 nM, respectively). Milvexian increased activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) without changing prothrombin time and potently prolonged plasma APTT in humans and rabbits. Milvexian did not alter platelet aggregation to ADP, arachidonic acid, or collagen. Milvexian was evaluated for in vivo prevention and treatment of thrombosis. For prevention, milvexian 0.063 + 0.04, 0.25 + 0.17, and 1 + 0.67 mg/kg+mg/kg/h preserved 32 ± 6*, 54 ± 10*, and 76 ± 5%* of carotid blood flow (CBF) and reduced thrombus weight by 15 ± 10*, 45 ± 2*, and 70 ± 4%*, respectively (*p < .05; n = 6/dose). For treatment, thrombosis was initiated for 15 min and CBF decreased to 40% of control. Seventy-five minutes after milvexian administration, CBF averaged 1 ± 0.3, 39 ± 10, and 66 ± 2%* in groups treated with vehicle and milvexian 0.25 + 0.17 and 1 + 0.67 mg/kg+mg/kg/h, respectively (*p < .05 vs. vehicle; n = 6/group). The combination of milvexian 1 + 0.67 mg/kg+mg/kg/h and aspirin 4 mg/kg/h intravenous did not increase BT versus aspirin monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Milvexian is an effective antithrombotic agent with limited impact on hemostasis, even when combined with aspirin in rabbits. This study supports inhibition of FXIa with milvexian as a promising antithrombotic therapy with a wide therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pancras C. Wong
- Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery BiologyBristol Myers Squibb CompanyPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Earl J. Crain
- Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery BiologyBristol Myers Squibb CompanyPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Jeffrey M. Bozarth
- Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery BiologyBristol Myers Squibb CompanyPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Yiming Wu
- Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery BiologyBristol Myers Squibb CompanyPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Andrew K. Dilger
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery ChemistryBristol Myers Squibb CompanyPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Ruth R. Wexler
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery ChemistryBristol Myers Squibb CompanyPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - William R. Ewing
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery ChemistryBristol Myers Squibb CompanyPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - David Gordon
- Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery BiologyBristol Myers Squibb CompanyPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Joseph M. Luettgen
- Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery BiologyBristol Myers Squibb CompanyPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
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11
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Cugno M, Consonni D, Lombardi A, Bono P, Oggioni M, Uceda Renteria S, Pesatori AC, Castaldi S, Riboldi L, Bordini L, Nava CD, Ceriotti F, Torri A, Tafuri F, Ghigliazza G, Peyvandi F, Bandera A, Gori A. Increased Risk of Urticaria/Angioedema after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Health Care Workers Taking ACE Inhibitors. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9091011. [PMID: 34579248 PMCID: PMC8473401 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9091011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urticarial eruptions and angioedema are the most common cutaneous reactions in patients undergoing mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations. The vasoactive peptide bradykinin has long been known to be involved in angioedema and recently also in urticaria. Bradykinin is mainly catabolized by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is inhibited by ACE inhibitors, a commonly employed class of antihypertensive drugs. We evaluated the risk of developing urticaria/angioedema after inoculation with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in a population of 3586 health care workers. The influences of ACE inhibitors and selected potential confounding variables (sex, age, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and allergy history) were evaluated by fitting univariate and multivariable Poisson regression models. The overall cumulative incidence of urticaria/angioedema was 1.8% (65 out of 3586; 95% CI: 1.4–2.3%). Symptoms were mild, and no subject consulted a physician. Subjects taking ACE inhibitors had an adjusted three-fold increased risk of urticaria/angioedema (RR 2.98, 95% CI: 1.12–7.96). When we restricted the analysis to those aged 50 years or more, the adjusted RR was 3.98 (95% CI: 1.44–11.0). In conclusion, our data indicate that subjects taking ACE inhibitors have an increased risk of urticaria/angioedema after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Symptoms are mild and self-limited; however, they should be considered to adequately advise subjects undergoing vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cugno
- Internal Medicine, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.T.); (F.T.); (G.G.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0255035340; Fax: +39-0250320742
| | - Dario Consonni
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.P.)
| | - Andrea Lombardi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Patrizia Bono
- Clinical Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.B.); (M.O.); (S.U.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Massimo Oggioni
- Clinical Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.B.); (M.O.); (S.U.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Sara Uceda Renteria
- Clinical Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.B.); (M.O.); (S.U.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Angela Cecilia Pesatori
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.P.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Castaldi
- Quality Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Luciano Riboldi
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.R.); (L.B.); (C.D.N.)
| | - Lorenzo Bordini
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.R.); (L.B.); (C.D.N.)
| | - Carlo Domenico Nava
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.R.); (L.B.); (C.D.N.)
| | - Ferruccio Ceriotti
- Clinical Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.B.); (M.O.); (S.U.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Adriana Torri
- Internal Medicine, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.T.); (F.T.); (G.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Tafuri
- Internal Medicine, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.T.); (F.T.); (G.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Gabriele Ghigliazza
- Internal Medicine, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.T.); (F.T.); (G.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Flora Peyvandi
- Internal Medicine, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.T.); (F.T.); (G.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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12
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Henderson MW, Sparkenbaugh EM, Wang S, Ilich A, Noubouossie DF, Mailer R, Renné T, Flick MJ, Luyendyk JP, Chen ZL, Strickland S, Stravitz RT, McCrae KR, Key NS, Pawlinski R. Plasmin-mediated cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen contributes to acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Blood 2021; 138:259-272. [PMID: 33827130 PMCID: PMC8310429 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury is associated with activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. In mice, both tissue factor-dependent thrombin generation and plasmin activity have been shown to promote liver injury after APAP overdose. However, the contribution of the contact and intrinsic coagulation pathways has not been investigated in this model. Mice deficient in individual factors of the contact (factor XII [FXII] and prekallikrein) or intrinsic coagulation (FXI) pathway were administered a hepatotoxic dose of 400 mg/kg of APAP. Neither FXII, FXI, nor prekallikrein deficiency mitigated coagulation activation or hepatocellular injury. Interestingly, despite the lack of significant changes to APAP-induced coagulation activation, markers of liver injury and inflammation were significantly reduced in APAP-challenged high-molecular-weight kininogen-deficient (HK-/-) mice. Protective effects of HK deficiency were not reproduced by inhibition of bradykinin-mediated signaling, whereas reconstitution of circulating levels of HK in HK-/- mice restored hepatotoxicity. Fibrinolysis activation was observed in mice after APAP administration. Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mass spectrometry analysis showed that plasmin efficiently cleaves HK into multiple fragments in buffer or plasma. Importantly, plasminogen deficiency attenuated APAP-induced liver injury and prevented HK cleavage in the injured liver. Finally, enhanced plasmin generation and HK cleavage, in the absence of contact pathway activation, were observed in plasma of patients with acute liver failure due to APAP overdose. In summary, extrinsic but not intrinsic pathway activation drives the thromboinflammatory pathology associated with APAP-induced liver injury in mice. Furthermore, plasmin-mediated cleavage of HK contributes to hepatotoxicity in APAP-challenged mice independently of thrombin generation or bradykinin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Henderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Erica M Sparkenbaugh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Anton Ilich
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Denis F Noubouossie
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Reiner Mailer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Zu-Lin Chen
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - R Todd Stravitz
- Hume-Lee Transplant Center of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; and
| | - Keith R McCrae
- Taussig Cancer Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Nigel S Key
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rafal Pawlinski
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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13
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Plasma Kallikrein Contributes to Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Hypertension in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 13:287-299. [PMID: 34241810 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Plasma kallikrein (PKa) has been implicated in contributing to hemorrhage following thrombolytic therapy; however, its role in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is currently not available. This report investigates the role of PKa on hemorrhage and hypertension in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). SHRSP were fed with a high salt-containing stroke-prone diet to increase blood pressure and induce intracerebral hemorrhage. The roles of PKa on blood pressure, hemorrhage, and survival in SHRSP were examined in rats receiving a PKa inhibitor or plasma prekallikrein antisense oligonucleotide (PK ASO) compared with rats receiving control ASO. Effects on PKa on the proteolytic cleavage of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. We show that SHRSP on high-salt diet displayed increased levels of PKa activity compared with control rats. Cleaved kininogen was increased in plasma during stroke compared to SHRSP without stroke. Systemic administration of a PKa inhibitor or PK ASO to SHRSP reduced hemorrhage and blood pressure, and improved neurological function and survival compared with SHRSP receiving control ASO. Since PKa inhibition was associated with reduced blood pressure in hypertensive rats, we investigated the effects of PKa on the cleavage of ANP. Incubation of PKa with ANP resulted in the generation fragment ANP5-28, which displayed reduced effects on blood pressure lowering compared with full length ANP. PKa contributes to increased blood pressure in SHRSP, which is associated with hemorrhage and reduced survival. PKa-mediated cleavage of ANP reduces its blood pressure lowering effects and thereby may contribute to hypertension-induced intracerebral hemorrhage.
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14
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Cis-Segregation of c.1171C>T Stop Codon (p.R391*) in SERPINC1 Gene and c.1691G>A Transition (p.R506Q) in F5 Gene and Selected GWAS Multilocus Approach in Inherited Thrombophilia. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060934. [PMID: 34207366 PMCID: PMC8234447 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited thrombophilia (e.g., venous thromboembolism, VTE) is due to rare loss-of-function mutations in anticoagulant factors genes (i.e., SERPINC1, PROC, PROS1), common gain-of-function mutations in procoagulant factors genes (i.e., F5, F2), and acquired risk conditions. Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) recently recognized several genes associated with VTE though gene defects may unpredictably remain asymptomatic, so calculating the individual genetic predisposition is a challenging task. We investigated a large family with severe, recurrent, early-onset VTE in which two sisters experienced VTE during pregnancies characterized by a perinatal in-utero thrombosis in the newborn and a life-saving pregnancy-interruption because of massive VTE, respectively. A nonsense mutation (CGA > TGA) generating a premature stop-codon (c.1171C>T; p.R391*) in the exon 6 of SERPINC1 gene (1q25.1) causing Antithrombin (AT) deficiency and the common missense mutation (c.1691G>A; p.R506Q) in the exon 10 of F5 gene (1q24.2) (i.e., FV Leiden; rs6025) were coinherited in all the symptomatic members investigated suspecting a cis-segregation further confirmed by STR-linkage-analyses [i.e., SERPINC1 IVS5 (ATT)5–18, F5 IVS2 (AT)6–33 and F5 IVS11 (GT)12–16] and SERPINC1 intragenic variants (i.e., rs5878 and rs677). A multilocus investigation of blood-coagulation balance genes detected the coexistence of FV Leiden (rs6025) in trans with FV HR2-haplotype (p.H1299R; rs1800595) in the aborted fetus, and F11 rs2289252, F12 rs1801020, F13A1 rs5985, and KNG1 rs710446 in the newborn and other members. Common selected gene variants may strongly synergize with less common mutations tuning potential life-threatening conditions when combined with rare severest mutations. Merging classic and newly GWAS-identified gene markers in at risk families is mandatory for VTE risk estimation in the clinical practice, avoiding partial risk score evaluation in unrecognized at risk patients.
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15
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Wilson TE, Narra S, Metzler-Wilson K, Schneider A, Bullens KA, Holt IS. Role of Bradykinin Type 2 Receptors in Human Sweat Secretion: Translational Evidence Does Not Support a Functional Relationship. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 34:162-166. [PMID: 33794540 DOI: 10.1159/000514497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin increases skin blood flow via a cGMP mechanism but its role in sweating in vivo is unclear. There is a current need to translate cell culture and nonhuman paw pad studies into in vivo human preparations to test for therapeutic viability for disorders affecting sweat glands. Protocol 1: physiological sweating was induced in 10 healthy subjects via perfusing warm (46-48°C) water through a tube-lined suit while bradykinin type 2 receptor (B2R) antagonist (HOE-140; 40 μM) and only the vehicle (lactated Ringer's) were perfused intradermally via microdialysis. Heat stress increased sweat rate (HOE-140 = +0.79 ± 0.12 and vehicle = +0.64 ± 0.10 mg/cm2/min), but no differences were noted with B2R antagonism. Protocol 2: pharmacological sweating was induced in 6 healthy subjects via intradermally perfusing pilocarpine (1.67 mg/mL) followed by the same B2R antagonist approach. Pilocarpine increased sweating (HOE-140 = +0.38 ± 0.16 and vehicle = +0.32 ± 0.12 mg/cm2/min); again no differences were observed with B2R antagonism. Last, 5 additional subjects were recruited for various control experiments which identified that a functional dose of HOE-140 was utilized and it was not sudorific during normothermic conditions. These data indicate B2R antagonists do not modulate physiologically or pharmacologically induced eccrine secretion volumes. Thus, B2R agonist/antagonist development as a potential therapeutic target for hypo- and hyperhidrosis appears unwarranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thad E Wilson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Seetharam Narra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kristen Metzler-Wilson
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Artur Schneider
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kelsey A Bullens
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ian S Holt
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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16
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Hirasawa S, Kohmura Y. Practical and Scalable Manufacturing Process for Plasma Kallikrein Inhibitor ASP5069. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Hirasawa
- Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Labs., Pharmaceutical Technology, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kohmura
- Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Labs., Pharmaceutical Technology, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
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17
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Liu M, Wang H, Lin M, Jin Y, Yang L, Wang M. A novel homozygous missense mutation (Met527Ile) in a consanguineous marriage family with inherited factor XII deficiency. Hematology 2020; 25:502-506. [PMID: 33317433 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2020.1859249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify potential mutations of the FXII gene (F12) in a consanguineous marriage family with hereditary coagulation factor XII (FXII) deficiency, and it will improve the understanding of the pathogenesis involved in the disease. CLINICAL PRESENTATION The proband was a 58-year-old male who had chronic gastritis. He was found to have a significantly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) at 101.0s (reference range, 29.0-43.0 s) before stomachendoscopy. TECHNIQUES The coagulation factor XII activity (FXII:C) and FXII antigen (FXII:Ag) were measured by one-stage clotting assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The F12 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Mutation sites were further confirmed by reverse sequencing. The conservatism and possible impact of the amino acid substitution were analyzed by multiple bioinformatics tools, as well as 3D protein model analysis. RESULTS The proband had a prolonged APTT (101.0 s), whose FXII:C and FXII:Ag were obviously reduced, both at 1.0% (normal range, 72-113%). Gene sequencing revealed that he carried a homozygous missense mutation of Met527Ile. Family study showed that his mother, son and daughter carried a heterozygous Met527Ile. Bioinformatics and model analysis of the mutation indicated that Met527Ile may be detrimental and potentially alters the structure and the function of the protein. CONCLUSION The novel mutation Met527Ile could potentially account for the reduced activity of FXII in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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18
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Sparkenbaugh EM, Kasztan M, Henderson MW, Ellsworth P, Davis PR, Wilson KJ, Reeves B, Key NS, Strickland S, McCrae K, Pollock DM, Pawlinski R. High molecular weight kininogen contributes to early mortality and kidney dysfunction in a mouse model of sickle cell disease. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:2329-2340. [PMID: 32573897 PMCID: PMC8043232 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, vaso-occlusive crises, chronic inflammation, and activation of coagulation. The clinical complications such as painful crisis, stroke, pulmonary hypertension, nephropathy and venous thromboembolism lead to cumulative organ damage and premature death. High molecular weight kininogen (HK) is a central cofactor for the kallikrein-kinin and intrinsic coagulation pathways, which contributes to both coagulation and inflammation. OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that HK contributes to the hypercoagulable and pro-inflammatory state that causes end-organ damage and early mortality in sickle mice. METHODS We evaluated the role of HK in the Townes mouse model of SCD. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS We found elevated plasma levels of cleaved HK in sickle patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting ongoing HK activation in SCD. We used bone marrow transplantation to generate wild type and sickle cell mice on a HK-deficient background. We found that short-term HK deficiency attenuated thrombin generation and inflammation in sickle mice at steady state, which was independent of bradykinin signaling. Moreover, long-term HK deficiency attenuates kidney injury, reduces chronic inflammation, and ultimately improves survival of sickle mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M. Sparkenbaugh
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Malgorzata Kasztan
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael W. Henderson
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick Ellsworth
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Parker Ross Davis
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kathryn J. Wilson
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brandi Reeves
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nigel S. Key
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith McCrae
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David M. Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rafal Pawlinski
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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19
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Silva-Aguiar RP, Peruchetti DB, Rocco PRM, Schmaier AH, E Silva PMR, Martins MA, Carvalho VF, Pinheiro AAS, Caruso-Neves C. Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of severe COVID-19 in hypertensive patients. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L596-L602. [PMID: 32783619 PMCID: PMC7516382 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00286.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A new form of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-coronavirus 2 (CoV-2), called COVID-19, has become a global threat in 2020. The mortality rate from COVID-19 is high in hypertensive patients, making this association especially dangerous. There appears to be a consensus, despite the lack of experimental data, that angiotensin II (ANG II) is linked to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. This process may occur due to acquired deficiency of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), resulting in reduced degradation of ANG II. Furthermore, ANG II has a critical role in the genesis and worsening of hypertension. In this context, the idea that there is a surge in the level of ANG II with COVID-19 infection, causing multiple organ injuries in hypertensive patients becomes attractive. However, the role of other components of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in this scenario requires elucidation. The identification of other RAS components in COVID-19 hypertension may provide both diagnostic and therapeutic benefits. Here, we summarize the pathophysiologic contributions of different components of RAS in hypertension and their possible correlation with poor outcome observed in hypertensive patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diogo Barros Peruchetti
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alvin H Schmaier
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Patrícia Machado Rodrigues E Silva
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Frias Carvalho
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Acacia Sá Pinheiro
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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20
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Mok SWF, Wong VKW, Lo HH, de Seabra Rodrigues Dias IR, Leung ELH, Law BYK, Liu L. Natural products-based polypharmacological modulation of the peripheral immune system for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 208:107480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Liu M, Li N, Zhang Y, Zheng Z, Zhuo Y, Sun B, Bai LP, Zhang M, Guo MQ, Wu JL. Characterization of covalent protein modification by triclosan in vivo and in vitro via three-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: New insight into its adverse effects. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105423. [PMID: 32035293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), an antimicrobial agent widely used in personal care products and ubiquitously exists in environment, has drawn increasing concern due to its potential to exert multiple adverse effects, ranging from endocrine disruption to carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism of these adverse effects is still not fully elucidated. More and more studies have shown that chemical reactive metabolites (RMs) covalently binding to proteins is a possible reason for these adverse effects, but there is still a lack of appropriate methods to predict or evaluate these adverse effects due to the extremely low abundance of the modified proteins in complex biological samples. In this study, we attempted to address this problem and investigate the possible mechanism of TCS adverse effects by a shotgun proteomics approach based on three-dimensional-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (3D-LC-MS). First, the in vitro incubation with model amino acids and protein in microsomes showed that TCS could react with cysteine residue of proteins through 3 types of RMs. Then, a 3D-LC-MS approach was developed to sensitively determine the low abundant modified proteins, which resulted in the identification of 45 TCS-modified proteins, including albumin, haptoglobin and NR1I2, in rats. STRING analysis indicated that these modified proteins mainly were involved in reproductive and development system, endocrine and immune system, and carcinogenesis, which were in accord with the main reported TCS-induced adverse effects and suggested that the covalent modification of TCS RMs for proteins might affect their activities and functions, thus inducing serious adverse effects. This study provided a new insight into the mechanism of TCS adverse effects and may serve as a valuable method to predict or evaluate adverse effects of ubiquitous chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Yida Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Yue Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Baoqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Quan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau.
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22
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From multi-target anticoagulants to DOACs, and intrinsic coagulation factor inhibitors. Blood Rev 2020; 39:100615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Schmaier AH, Stavrou EX. Factor XII - What's important but not commonly thought about. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2019; 3:599-606. [PMID: 31624779 PMCID: PMC6781921 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor XII (FXII) becomes a serine protease when blood is exposed to artificial medical surfaces or when pathologic surfaces arise in disease states leading to its autoactivation. Initiation of the blood coagulation cascade was the first recognized activity of FXIIa. Blocking FXIIa activity formed on artificial medical surfaces should reduce induced blood coagulation leading to thrombosis. In contrast to FXII enzymatic activities, less is known about zymogen FXII functions. Studies show that zymogen FXII has biologic activity in various cells in vivo. In endothelium, FXII stimulates cell growth and proliferation and, in vivo, neoangiogenesis after injury. In fibroblasts, transforming growth factor-β increases FXII expression, which in turn stimulates fibroblast proliferation, contributing to tissue fibrosis. In neutrophils, FXII stimulates Akt2 to initiate neutrophil adhesion, migration, and chemotaxis, priming events leading to NETosis. Factor FXII deficiency leads to decreased neutrophil recruitment and improved wound healing. In dendritic cells, FXII contributes to neuroinflammation, and its deficiency or pharmacologic inhibition renders mice less susceptible to autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These combined studies indicate that FXII also contributes to multiple components of the inflammatory response. In sum, targeting FXII's biologic activities may provide novel approaches to reduce thrombosis and the inflammatory response in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin H. Schmaier
- Department of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio
- Department of MedicineUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandOhio
| | - Evi X. Stavrou
- Department of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio
- Department of MedicineVA Northeast Ohio Healthcare SystemClevelandOhio
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24
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Goggs R, Jeffery U, LeVine DN, Li RHL. Neutrophil-Extracellular Traps, Cell-Free DNA, and Immunothrombosis in Companion Animals: A Review. Vet Pathol 2019; 57:6-23. [PMID: 31342866 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819861721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunothrombosis is a potentially beneficial physiological process that aids innate immunity and host defense against pathogen invasion. However, this process can also be damaging when it occurs to excess or in critical blood vessels. Formation of extracellular traps by leukocytes, particularly neutrophils, is central to our understanding of immunothrombosis. In addition to degranulation and phagocytosis, extracellular traps are the third mechanism by which neutrophils combat potential pathogens. These traps consist of extracellular DNA decorated with bactericidal cellular proteins, including elastase, myeloperoxidase, and cathepsins. Neutrophils can release these structures as part of a controlled cell-death process or via a process termed vital NETosis that enables the cells to extrude DNA but remain viable. There is accumulating evidence that NETosis occurs in companion animals, including dogs, horses, and cats, and that it actively contributes to pathogenesis. Numerous studies have been published detailing various methods for identification and quantification of extracellular trap formation, including cell-free DNA, measurements of histones and proteins such as high-mobility group box-1, and techniques involving microscopy and flow cytometry. Here, we outline the present understanding of these phenomena and the mechanisms of extracellular trap formation. We critically review the data regarding measurement of NETosis in companion animals, summarize the existing literature on NETosis in veterinary species, and speculate on what therapeutic options these insights might present to clinicians in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Unity Jeffery
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dana N LeVine
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ronald H L Li
- Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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25
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Alhenc-Gelas F, Bouby N, Girolami JP. Kallikrein/K1, Kinins, and ACE/Kininase II in Homeostasis and in Disease Insight From Human and Experimental Genetic Studies, Therapeutic Implication. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:136. [PMID: 31316987 PMCID: PMC6610447 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallikrein-K1 is the main kinin-forming enzyme in organs in resting condition and in several pathological situations whereas angiotensin I-converting enzyme/kininase II (ACE) is the main kinin-inactivating enzyme in the circulation. Both ACE and K1 activity levels are genetic traits in man. Recent research based mainly on human genetic studies and study of genetically modified mice has documented the physiological role of K1 in the circulation, and also refined understanding of the role of ACE. Kallikrein-K1 is synthesized in arteries and involved in flow-induced vasodilatation. Endothelial ACE synthesis displays strong vessel and organ specificity modulating bioavailability of angiotensins and kinins locally. In pathological situations resulting from hemodynamic, ischemic, or metabolic insult to the cardiovascular system and the kidney K1 and kinins exert critical end-organ protective action and K1 deficiency results in severe worsening of the conditions, at least in the mouse. On the opposite, genetically high ACE level is associated with increased risk of developing ischemic and diabetic cardiac or renal diseases and worsened prognosis of these diseases. The association has been well-documented clinically while causality was established by ACE gene titration in mice. Studies suggest that reduced bioavailability of kinins is prominently involved in the detrimental effect of K1 deficiency or high ACE activity in diseases. Kinins are involved in the therapeutic effect of both ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockers. Based on these findings, a new therapeutic hypothesis focused on selective pharmacological activation of kinin receptors has been launched. Proof of concept was obtained by using prototypic agonists in experimental ischemic and diabetic diseases in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Alhenc-Gelas
- INSERM U1138-CRC, Paris, France.,CRC-INSERM U1138, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France.,CRC-INSERM U1138, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Bouby
- INSERM U1138-CRC, Paris, France.,CRC-INSERM U1138, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France.,CRC-INSERM U1138, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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26
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Schlunk F, Böhm M, Boulouis G, Qin T, Arbel M, Tamim I, Fischer P, Bacskai BJ, Frosch MP, Endres M, Greenberg SM, Ayata C. Secondary Bleeding During Acute Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke 2019; 50:1210-1215. [PMID: 31009358 PMCID: PMC6478448 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.021732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Mechanisms contributing to acute hematoma growth in intracerebral hemorrhage are not well understood. Neuropathological studies suggest that the initial hematoma may create mass effect that can tear vessels in the vicinity by shearing, causing further bleeding and hematoma growth. Methods- To test this in mice, we simulated initial intracerebral hemorrhage by intrastriatal injection of a liquid polymer that coagulates upon contact with tissue and measured the presence and volume of bleeding secondary to the mass effect using Hemoglobin ELISA 15 minutes after injection. Results- Secondary hemorrhage occurred in a volume-dependent (4, 7.5, or 15 μL of polymer) and rate-dependent (0.05, 0.5, or 5 μL/s) manner. Anticoagulation (warfarin or dabigatran) exacerbated the secondary hemorrhage volume. In a second model of hematoma expansion, we confirmed that intrastriatal whole blood injection (15 μL, 0.5 μL/s) also caused secondary bleeding, using acute Evans blue extravasation as a surrogate. Anticoagulation once again exacerbated secondary hemorrhage after intrastriatal whole blood injection. Secondary hemorrhage directly and significantly correlated with arterial blood pressures in both nonanticoagulated and anticoagulated mice, when modulated by phenylephrine or labetalol. Conclusions- Our study provides the first proof of concept for secondary vessel rupture and bleeding as a potential mechanism for intracerebral hematoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frieder Schlunk
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Böhm
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregoire Boulouis
- Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tao Qin
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Michal Arbel
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Isra Tamim
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Fischer
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian J. Bacskai
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Matthew P. Frosch
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Matthias Endres
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steven M. Greenberg
- Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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27
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Farfara D, Feierman E, Richards A, Revenko AS, MacLeod RA, Norris EH, Strickland S. Knockdown of circulating C1 inhibitor induces neurovascular impairment, glial cell activation, neuroinflammation, and behavioral deficits. Glia 2019; 67:1359-1373. [PMID: 30882931 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cross-talk between blood proteins, immune cells, and brain function involves complex mechanisms. Plasma protein C1 inhibitor (C1INH) is an inhibitor of vascular inflammation that is induced by activation of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) and the complement system. Knockout of C1INH was previously correlated with peripheral vascular permeability via the bradykinin pathway, yet there was no evidence of its correlation with blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and brain function. In order to understand the effect of plasma C1INH on brain pathology via the vascular system, we knocked down circulating C1INH in wild-type (WT) mice using an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), without affecting C1INH expression in peripheral immune cells or the brain, and examined brain pathology. Long-term elimination of endogenous C1INH in the plasma induced the activation of the KKS and peritoneal macrophages but did not activate the complement system. Bradykinin pathway proteins were elevated in the periphery and the brain, resulting in hypotension. BBB permeability, extravasation of plasma proteins into the brain parenchyma, activation of glial cells, and elevation of pro-inflammatory response mediators were detected. Furthermore, infiltrating innate immune cells were observed entering the brain through the lateral ventricle walls and the neurovascular unit. Mice showed normal locomotion function, yet cognition was impaired and depressive-like behavior was evident. In conclusion, our results highlight the important role of regulated plasma C1INH as it acts as a gatekeeper to the brain via the neurovascular system. Thus, manipulation of C1INH in neurovascular disorders might be therapeutically beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Farfara
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Emily Feierman
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Allison Richards
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Alexey S Revenko
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, IONIS Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, California
| | - Robert A MacLeod
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, IONIS Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, California
| | - Erin H Norris
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
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28
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Jin X, Ma Q, Sun Z, Yang X, Zhou Q, Qu G, Liu Q, Liao C, Li Z, Jiang G. Airborne Fine Particles Induce Hematological Effects through Regulating the Crosstalk of the Kallikrein-Kinin, Complement, and Coagulation Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2840-2851. [PMID: 30742439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Particulate air pollution caused by human activities has drawn global attention due to its potential health risks. Considering the inevitable contact of inhaled airborne fine particulate matter (PM) with plasma, the hematological effects of PM are worthy of study. In this study, the potential effect of PM on hematological homeostasis through triggering the crosstalk of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), complement, and coagulation systems in plasma was investigated. The ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo KKS activation assays confirmed that PM samples could efficiently cause the cascade activation of key zymogens in the KKS, wherein the particles coupled with lipopolysaccharide attachment provided substantial contribution. The binding of Hageman factor XII (FXII) with PM samples and its subsequent autoactivation initiated this process. The crucial elements in the complement cascade, including complement 3 (C3) and complement 5 (C5), and coagulation system (prothrombin) were also found to be actively induced by PM exposure, which was regulated by the interplay of KKS activation. The data provided solid evidence on hematological effects of airborne PM through inducing the activation of the KKS, complement, and coagulation systems, which would be valuable in the risk assessment on air-pollution-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , PR China
| | - Qianchi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
| | - Zhendong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
- Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , PR China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
- Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
- Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , PR China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , PR China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
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29
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Rohmann JL, de Haan HG, Algra A, Vossen CY, Rosendaal FR, Siegerink B. Genetic determinants of activity and antigen levels of contact system factors. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:157-168. [PMID: 30288888 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Genetic variation may provide valuable insight into the role of the contact system in thrombosis. Explored associations of genetic variants with activity, antigen, and disease in RATIO study. Two novel loci were identified: KLKB1 rs4253243 for prekallikrein; KNG1 rs5029980 for HMWK levels. Contact system variants and haplotypes were not associated with myocardial infarction or stroke. SUMMARY: Background The complex, interdependent contact activation system has been implicated in thrombotic disease, although few genetic determinants of levels of proteins from this system are known. Objectives Our primary aim was to study the influence of common F11, F12, KLKB1, and KNG1 variants on factor (F) XI activity and FXI, FXII, prekallikrein (PK) and high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK) antigen levels, as well as the risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Patients/methods We analyzed samples from all 630 healthy participants, 182 ischemic stroke patients and 216 myocardial infarction patients in the RATIO case-control study of women aged < 50 years. Forty-three tagging single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were genotyped to represent common genetic variation in the contact system genes. Antigen and activity levels were measured with sandwich-ELISA-based and one-stage clotting assays. We performed single variant, age-adjusted, linear regression analyses per trait and disease phenotype, assuming additive inheritance and determined conditionally independent associations. Haplotypes based on the lead SNV and all conditionally independent SNVs were tested for association with traits and disease. Results We identified two novel associations of KLKB1 SNV rs4253243 with PK antigen (βconditional = -12.38; 95% CI, -20.07 to -4.69) and KNG1 SNV rs5029980 with HMWK antigen (βconditional = 5.86; 95% CI, 2.40-9.32) and replicated previously reported associations in a single study. Further analyses probed whether the observed associations were indicative of linkage, pleiotropic effects or mediation. No individual SNVs or haplotypes were associated with the disease outcomes. Conclusion This study adds to current knowledge of how genetic variation influences contact system protein levels and clarifies interdependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rohmann
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H G de Haan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A Algra
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolph Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C Y Vossen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - B Siegerink
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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30
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Li RHL, Tablin F. A Comparative Review of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Sepsis. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:291. [PMID: 30547040 PMCID: PMC6280561 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of critical illness and mortality in human beings and animals. Neutrophils are the primary effector cells of innate immunity during sepsis. Besides degranulation and phagocytosis, neutrophils also release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), composed of cell-free DNA, histones, and antimicrobial proteins. Although NETs have protective roles in the initial stages of sepsis, excessive NET formation has been found to induce thrombosis and multiple organ failure in murine sepsis models. Since the discovery of NETs nearly a decade ago, many investigators have identified NETs in various species. However, many questions remain regarding the exact mechanisms and fate of neutrophils following NET formation. In humans and mice, platelet-neutrophil interactions via direct binding or soluble mediators seem to play an important role in mediating NET formation during sepsis. Preliminary data suggest that these interactions may be species dependent. Regardless of these differences, there is increasing evidence in human and veterinary medicine suggesting that NETs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of intravascular thrombosis and multiple organ failure in sepsis. Because the outcome of sepsis is highly dependent on early recognition and intervention, detection of NETs or NET components can aid in the diagnosis of sepsis in humans and veterinary species. In addition, the use of novel therapies such as deoxyribonuclease and non-anticoagulant heparin to target NET components shows promising results in murine septic models. Much work is needed in translating these NET-targeting therapies to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald H L Li
- Department of Radiological and Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, United States
| | - Fern Tablin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, United States
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31
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Didiasova M, Wujak L, Schaefer L, Wygrecka M. Factor XII in coagulation, inflammation and beyond. Cell Signal 2018; 51:257-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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33
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Lahrsen E, Schoenfeld AK, Alban S. Size-dependent pharmacological activities of differently degraded fucoidan fractions from Fucus vesiculosus. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 189:162-168. [PMID: 29580394 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fucose-containing sulfated glycans (syn. fucoidans) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are therefore considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medical applications. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological activities of fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus and 18 gradually depolymerized fractions, which were obtained by hydrothermal and H2O2 treatment, respectively. All the activities decreased with decreasing molecular mass (Mw) but to a different extent resulting in some modified pharmacological profiles in dependence on the Mw as well as on the degradation method. H2O2 treatment was not only more efficient, simpler and cheaper than hydrothermal degradation, but also led to superior activity profiles and additionally eliminated co-extracted contaminants. Compared to heparin, the prime example of biologically active sulfated glycans, evenly sized H2O2 fractions exhibited considerable effects being relevant for anti-inflammatory activity, however only negligible anticoagulant activity and FXII activating potency. Due to their improved biopharmaceutical characteristics and favorable activities, degraded fucoidan fractions are worth to be further investigated as anti-inflammatory and anticomplementary agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lahrsen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Susanne Alban
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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34
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Araújo-Gomes N, Romero-Gavilán F, García-Arnáez I, Martínez-Ramos C, Sánchez-Pérez AM, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, de Llano JJM, Gurruchaga M, Goñi I, Suay J. Osseointegration mechanisms: a proteomic approach. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:459-470. [PMID: 29572572 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The prime objectives in the development of biomaterials for dental applications are to improve the quality of osseointegration and to short the time needed to achieve it. Design of implants nowadays involves changes in the surface characteristics to obtain a good cellular response. Incorporating osteoinductive elements is one way to achieve the best regeneration possible post-implantation. This study examined the osteointegrative potential of two distinct biomaterials: sandblasted acid-etched titanium and a silica sol-gel hybrid coating, 70% MTMOS-30% TEOS. In vitro, in vivo, and proteomic characterisations of the two materials were conducted. Enhanced expression levels of ALP and IL-6 in the MC3T3-E1 cells cultured with coated discs, suggest that growing cells on such surfaces may increase mineralisation levels. 70M30T-coated implants showed improved bone growth in vivo compared to uncoated titanium. Complete osseointegration was achieved on both. However, coated implants displayed osteoinductive properties, while uncoated implants demonstrated osteoconductive characteristics. Coagulation-related proteins attached predominantly to SAE-Ti surface. Surface properties of the material might drive the regenerative process of the affected tissue. Analysis of the proteins on the coated dental implant showed that few proteins specifically attached to its surface, possibly indicating that its osteoinductive properties depend on the silicon delivery from the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Araújo-Gomes
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas Industriales y Diseño, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent-Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent-Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - F Romero-Gavilán
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas Industriales y Diseño, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent-Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain.
| | - I García-Arnáez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - C Martínez-Ramos
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent-Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - A M Sánchez-Pérez
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent-Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - M Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - F Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - J J Martín de Llano
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Gurruchaga
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - I Goñi
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J Suay
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas Industriales y Diseño, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent-Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
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Shahverdi E, Abolghasemi H, Ahmadinejad M. Combined occurrence of Bernard-Soulier syndrome and prekallikrein deficiency. Blood Res 2017; 52:229-231. [PMID: 29043243 PMCID: PMC5641520 DOI: 10.5045/br.2017.52.3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Shahverdi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.,Blood and Cancer Research Center, MAHAK Pediatric Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolghasemi
- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pediatrics, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Ahmadinejad
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Martinez-Subiela S, Horvatic A, Escribano D, Pardo-Marin L, Kocaturk M, Mrljak V, Burchmore R, Ceron JJ, Yilmaz Z. Identification of novel biomarkers for treatment monitoring in canine leishmaniosis by high-resolution quantitative proteomic analysis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 191:60-67. [PMID: 28895868 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to use the Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) isobaric label-based proteomic approach, in order to identify new potential biomarkers for the treatment monitoring of canine leishmaniosis that could not be identified by the use of gel-based techniques. For this purpose serum samples were obtained from 5 clinically diseased dogs before and one month after the treatment of canine leishmaniosis. The non-depleted serum samples were subjected to reduction, alkylation and trypsin digestion, and the resulting peptides were labeled using 6-plex TMT reagents. To obtain information about protein identities and relative quantification, liquid chromatography-MS analysis of multiplexed TMT-labeled peptides was employed. This gel-free, label-based quantitative proteomic approach enabled identification of 117 canine proteins. Among these, 23 showed significant difference (p<0.05) in expression (two downregulated and 21 upregulated ranging from 1.25 to 2.5 fold change). Comparison of gel-free TMT-based quantification and a gel-based approach previously applied to the same samples resulted in the identification of some common markers (Apo-A1, vitamin D binding protein and RBP4). However, 20 additional differentially represented proteins were highlighted by the gel-free approach, 13 of which have not been previously reported in canine leishmaniosis. In conclusion, the TMT-based proteomic approach allowed identification of new serum proteins that significantly change in concentration after canine leishmaniosis treatment. These proteins are involved in various physiopathological processes such as inflammatory, coagulation or defense mechanisms, and could potentially be suitable biomarkers for treatment monitoring of this parasitic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martinez-Subiela
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Anita Horvatic
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damian Escribano
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Pardo-Marin
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Meric Kocaturk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Richard Burchmore
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jose J Ceron
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Zeki Yilmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
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37
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Guilarte M, Sala-Cunill A, Luengo O, Labrador-Horrillo M, Cardona V. The Mast Cell, Contact, and Coagulation System Connection in Anaphylaxis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:846. [PMID: 28798744 PMCID: PMC5526842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is the most severe form of allergic reaction, resulting from the effect of mediators and chemotactic substances released by activated cells. Mast cells and basophils are considered key players in IgE-mediated human anaphylaxis. Beyond IgE-mediated activation of mast cells/basophils, further mechanisms are involved in the occurrence of anaphylaxis. New insights into the potential relevance of pathways other than mast cell and basophil degranulation have been unraveled, such as the activation of the contact and the coagulation systems. Mast cell heparin released upon activation provides negatively charged surfaces for factor XII (FXII) binding and auto-activation. Activated FXII, the initiating serine protease in both the contact and the intrinsic coagulation system, activates factor XI and prekallikrein, respectively. FXII-mediated bradykinin (BK) formation has been proven in the human plasma of anaphylactic patients as well as in experimental models of anaphylaxis. Moreover, the severity of anaphylaxis is correlated with the increase in plasma heparin, BK formation and the intensity of contact system activation. FXII also activates plasminogen in the fibrinolysis system. Mast cell tryptase has been shown to participate in fibrinolysis through plasmin activation and by facilitating the degradation of fibrinogen. Some usual clinical manifestations in anaphylaxis, such as angioedema or hypotension, or other less common, such as metrorrhagia, may be explained by the direct effect of the activation of the coagulation and contact system driven by mast cell mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Guilarte
- Allergy Section, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,VHIR Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Sala-Cunill
- Allergy Section, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,VHIR Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Luengo
- Allergy Section, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,VHIR Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Moisés Labrador-Horrillo
- Allergy Section, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,VHIR Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Cardona
- Allergy Section, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,VHIR Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Motta G, Tersariol ILS. Modulation of the Plasma Kallikrein-Kinin System Proteins Performed by Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans. Front Physiol 2017; 8:481. [PMID: 28744223 PMCID: PMC5504176 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human plasma kallikrein-kinin system proteins are related to inflammation through bradykinin. In the proximity of its target cells, high molecular weight kininogen (H-kininogen) is the substrate of plasma kallikrein, which releases bradykinin from H-kininogen. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play a critical role in either recruiting kinin precursors from the plasma, or in the assembly of kallikrein-kinin system components on the cell surface. Furthermore, HSPGs mediate the endocytosis and activation of H-kininogen and plasma prekallikrein. In the presence of HSPGs (Chinese hamster ovary cell, CHO-K1, wild type cells) both heparin and heparan sulfate strongly inhibit the H-kininogen interaction with the cell membrane. H-kininogen is internalized in endosomal acidic vesicles in CHO-K1 but not in CHO-745 cells (mutant cells deficient in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis). The endocytosis process is lipid raft-mediated and is dependent on caveolae. Both types of CHO cells do not internalize bradykinin-free H-kininogen. At pH 7.35, bradykinin is released from H-kininogen on the surface of CHO-745 cells only by serine proteases; however, in CHO-K1 cells either serine or cysteine proteases are found to be involved. The CHO-K1 cell lysate contains different kininogenases. Plasma prekallikrein endocytosis in CHO-K1 cells is independent of H-kininogen, and also prekallikrein is not internalized by CHO-745 cells. Plasma prekallikrein cleavage/activation is independent of glycosaminoglycans but plasma kallikrein formation is more specific on H-kininogen assembled on the cell surface through glycosaminoglycans. In this mini-review, the importance of HSPGs in the regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin system proteins is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guacyara Motta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São PauloSao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivarne L S Tersariol
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São PauloSao Paulo, Brazil
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Gajsiewicz JM, Smith SA, Morrissey JH. Polyphosphate and RNA Differentially Modulate the Contact Pathway of Blood Clotting. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1808-1814. [PMID: 28007958 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.754325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The contact pathway of the plasma clotting cascade is dispensable for normal hemostasis, but contributes to thrombosis and serves as a bridge between inflammation and coagulation. This pathway is triggered upon exposure of plasma to certain anionic polymers and artificial surfaces. Recently, extracellular nucleic acids and inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) have been implicated as being important (patho)physiologically relevant activators of this pathway. However, mechanistic details regarding how nucleic acids or polyP modulate the individual reactions of the contact pathway have been lacking. In this study, we investigate the ability of RNA homopolymers and polyP to bind the primary constituents of the contact pathway: factor XIa, factor XIIa, and plasma kallikrein, in the presence and absence of high molecular weight kininogen (HK), an important cofactor in this pathway. We examine seven proteolytic activation reactions within the contact pathway and report that polyP greatly enhances the rate of all seven, while RNA is effective in supporting only a subset of these reactions. HK both enhances and suppresses these proteolytic activation reactions, depending on the specific reaction evaluated. Overall, we find that polyP is a potent mediator of contact pathway activation reactions in general, that RNA secondary structure may be important to its procoagulant activity, and that nucleic acids versus polyP may differentially modulate specific enzyme activation events within the contact pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Gajsiewicz
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Stephanie A Smith
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - James H Morrissey
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801.
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40
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The initiation and effects of plasma contact activation: an overview. Int J Hematol 2016; 105:235-243. [PMID: 27848184 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The plasma contact system sits atop the intrinsic coagulation cascade and plasma kallikrein-kinin pathway, and in vivo its activation contributes, respectively, to coagulation and inflammation mainly via two downstream pathways. This system has been widely investigated, its activation mechanisms by negatively charged surfaces and the interactions within its components, factor XII, prekallikrein and high molecular weight kininogen are well understood at the biochemical level. However, as most of the activators that have been discovered by in vitro experiments are exogenous, the physiological activators and roles of the contact system have remained unclear and controversial. In the last two decades, several physiological activators have been identified, and a better understanding of its roles and its connection with other signaling pathways has been obtained from in vivo studies. In this article, we present an overview of the contact pathway with a focus on the activation mechanisms, natural stimuli, possible physiological roles, potential risks of its excessive activation, remaining questions and future prospects.
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Schoenfeld AK, Lahrsen E, Alban S. Regulation of Complement and Contact System Activation via C1 Inhibitor Potentiation and Factor XIIa Activity Modulation by Sulfated Glycans - Structure-Activity Relationships. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165493. [PMID: 27783665 PMCID: PMC5082678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The serpin C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) is the only regulator of classical complement activation as well as the major regulator of the contact system. Its importance is demonstrated by hereditary angioedema (HAE), a severe disease with potentially life-threatening attacks due to deficiency or dysfunction of C1-INH. C1-INH replacement is the therapy of choice in HAE. In addition, C1-INH showed to have beneficial effects in other diseases characterized by inappropriate complement and contact system activation. Due to some limitations of its clinical application, there is a need for improving the efficacy of therapeutically applied C1-INH or to enhance the activity of endogenous C1-INH. Given the known potentiating effect of heparin on C1-INH, sulfated glycans (SG) may be such candidates. The aim of this study was to characterize suitable SG by evaluating structure-activity relationships. For this, more than 40 structurally distinct SG were examined for their effects on C1-INH, C1s and FXIIa. The SG turned out to potentiate the C1s inhibition by C1-INH without any direct influence on C1s. Their potentiating activity proved to depend on their degree of sulfation, molecular mass as well as glycan structure. In contrast, the SG had no effect on the FXIIa inhibition by C1-INH, but structure-dependently modulated the activity of FXIIa. Among the tested SG, β-1,3-glucan sulfates with a Mr ≤ 10 000 were identified as most promising lead candidates for the development of a glycan-based C1-INH amplifier. In conclusion, the obtained information on structural characteristics of SG favoring C1-INH potentiation represent an useful elementary basis for the development of compounds improving the potency of C1-INH in diseases and clinical situations characterized by inappropriate activation of complement and contact system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Schoenfeld
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Eric Lahrsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Susanne Alban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
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Plasma kallikrein-bradykinin pathway promotes circulatory nitric oxide metabolite availability during hypoxia. Nitric Oxide 2016; 55-56:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Jaffa MA, Luttrell D, Schmaier AH, Klein RL, Lopes-Virella M, Luttrell LM, Jaffa AA. Plasma Prekallikrein Is Associated With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2016; 65:498-502. [PMID: 26603531 PMCID: PMC4747454 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that plasma prekallikrein (PK) is a risk factor for the development of vascular complications was assessed in a study using the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology and Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) cohort of subjects with type 1 diabetes. The circulating levels of plasma PK activity were measured in the plasma of 636 subjects with type 1 diabetes (EDIC years 3-5). Common and internal carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured by B-mode ultrasonography in EDIC years 1 and 6. Plasma PK levels were positively and significantly associated with BMI, hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides but not with age, sex, duration of diabetes, or HDL cholesterol. Univariate and multivariable statistical models after controlling for other risk factors consistently demonstrated a positive association between plasma PK and progression of internal carotid IMT. Multivariate analysis using a general linear model showed plasma PK to be significantly associated with progression of both internal and combined IMT (Wilks Λ P value of 0.005). In addition, the mean internal carotid IMT levels were higher in subjects with plasma PK levels in the highest 10th percentile compared with subjects with plasma PK levels in the lower 10th percentile (P = 0.048). These novel findings implicate plasma PK as a risk factor for vascular disease in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran A Jaffa
- Epidemiology and Population Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Deirdre Luttrell
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Alvin H Schmaier
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Richard L Klein
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Maria Lopes-Virella
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Ayad A Jaffa
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Schmaier AH. The contact activation and kallikrein/kinin systems: pathophysiologic and physiologic activities. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:28-39. [PMID: 26565070 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The contact activation system (CAS) and kallikrein/kinin system (KKS) are older recognized biochemical pathways that include several proteins that skirt the fringes of the blood coagulation, fibrinolytic, complement and renin-angiotensin fields. These proteins initially were proposed as part of the hemostatic pathways because their deficiencies are associated with prolonged clinical assays. However, the absence of bleeding states with deficiencies of factor XII (FXII), prekallikrein (PK) and high-molecular-weight kininogen indicates that the CAS and KKS do not contribute to hemostasis. Since the discovery of the Hageman factor 60 years ago much has been learned about the biochemistry, cell biology and animal physiology of these proteins. The CAS is a pathophysiologic surface defense mechanism against foreign proteins, organisms and artificial materials. The KKS is an inflammatory response mechanism. Targeting their activation through FXIIa or plasma kallikrein inhibition when blood interacts with the artificial surfaces of modern interventional medicine or in acute attacks of hereditary angioedema restores vascular homeostasis. FXII/FXIIa and products that arise with PK deficiency also offer novel ways to reduce arterial and venous thrombosis without an effect on hemostasis. In summary, there is revived interest in the CAS and KKS due to better understanding of their activities. The new appreciation of these systems will lead to several new therapies for a variety of medical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Schmaier
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Hecht AM, Braun BC, Krause E, Voigt CC, Greenwood AD, Czirják GÁ. Plasma proteomic analysis of active and torpid greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis). Sci Rep 2015; 5:16604. [PMID: 26586174 PMCID: PMC4653738 DOI: 10.1038/srep16604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernation is a physiological adaptation to overcome extreme environmental conditions. It is characterized by prolonged periods of torpor interrupted by temporary arousals during winter. During torpor, body functions are suppressed and restored rapidly to almost pre-hibernation levels during arousal. Although molecular studies have been performed on hibernating rodents and bears, it is unclear how generalizable the results are among hibernating species with different physiology such as bats. As targeted blood proteomic analysis are lacking in small hibernators, we investigated the general plasma proteomic profile of European Myotis myotis and hibernation associated changes between torpid and active individuals by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Results revealed an alternation of proteins involved in transport, fuel switching, innate immunity and blood coagulation between the two physiological states. The results suggest that metabolic changes during hibernation are associated with plasma proteomic changes. Further characterization of the proteomic plasma profile identified transport proteins, coagulation proteins and complement factors and detected a high abundance of alpha-fetoprotein. We were able to establish for the first time a basic myotid bat plasma proteomic profile and further demonstrated a modulated protein expression during torpor in Myotis myotis, indicating both novel physiological pathways in bats in general, and during hibernation in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Hecht
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate C. Braun
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian C. Voigt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alex D. Greenwood
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gábor Á. Czirják
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
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Long YM, Zhao XC, Clermont AC, Zhou QF, Liu Q, Feener EP, Yan B, Jiang GB. Negatively charged silver nanoparticles cause retinal vascular permeability by activating plasma contact system and disrupting adherens junction. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:501-11. [PMID: 26399585 PMCID: PMC4971575 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1088589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively used as antibacterial component in numerous healthcare, biomedical and consumer products. Therefore, their adverse effects to biological systems have become a major concern. AgNPs have been shown to be absorbed into circulation and redistributed into various organs. It is thus of great importance to understand how these nanoparticles affect vascular permeability and uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. A negatively charged mecaptoundeonic acid-capped silver nanoparticle (MUA@AgNP) was investigated in this work. Ex vivo experiments in mouse plasma revealed that MUA@AgNPs caused plasma prekallikrein cleavage, while positively charged or neutral AgNPs, as well as Ag ions had no effect. In vitro tests revealed that MUA@AgNPs activated the plasma kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) by triggering Hageman factor autoactivation. By using specific inhibitors aprotinin and HOE 140, we demonstrated that KKS activation caused the release of bradykinin, which activated B2 receptors and induced the shedding of adherens junction protein, VE-cadherin. These biological perturbations eventually resulted in endothelial paracellular permeability in mouse retina after intravitreal injection of MUA@AgNPs. The findings from this work provided key insights for toxicity modulation and biomedical applications of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Min Long
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xing-Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Allen C. Clermont
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Qun-Fang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Edward P. Feener
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Gui-Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Ribeiro ÂM, Zepeda-Mendoza ML, Bertelsen MF, Kristensen AT, Jarvis ED, Gilbert MTP, da Fonseca RR. A refined model of the genomic basis for phenotypic variation in vertebrate hemostasis. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:124. [PMID: 26123414 PMCID: PMC4486697 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hemostasis is a defense mechanism that enhances an organism’s survival by minimizing blood loss upon vascular injury. In vertebrates, hemostasis has been evolving with the cardio-vascular and hemodynamic systems over the last 450 million years. Birds and mammals have very similar vascular and hemodynamic systems, thus the mechanism that blocks ruptures in the vasculature is expected to be the same. However, the speed of the process varies across vertebrates, and is particularly slow for birds. Understanding the differences in the hemostasis pathway between birds and mammals, and placing them in perspective to other vertebrates may provide clues to the genetic contribution to variation in blood clotting phenotype in vertebrates. We compiled genomic data corresponding to key elements involved in hemostasis across vertebrates to investigate its genetic basis and understand how it affects fitness. Results We found that: i) fewer genes are involved in hemostasis in birds compared to mammals; and ii) the largest differences concern platelet membrane receptors and components from the kallikrein-kinin system. We propose that lack of the cytoplasmic domain of the GPIb receptor subunit alpha could be a strong contributor to the prolonged bleeding phenotype in birds. Combined analysis of laboratory assessments of avian hemostasis with the first avian phylogeny based on genomic-scale data revealed that differences in hemostasis within birds are not explained by phylogenetic relationships, but more so by genetic variation underlying components of the hemostatic process, suggestive of natural selection. Conclusions This work adds to our understanding of the evolution of hemostasis in vertebrates. The overlap with the inflammation, complement and renin-angiotensin (blood pressure regulation) pathways is a potential driver of rapid molecular evolution in the hemostasis network. Comparisons between avian species and mammals allowed us to hypothesize that the observed mammalian innovations might have contributed to the diversification of mammals that give birth to live young. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0409-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela M Ribeiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research-CIIMAR/CIMAR, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.
| | - M Lisandra Zepeda-Mendoza
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mads F Bertelsen
- Centre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 38, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Annemarie T Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Erich D Jarvis
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Centre, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - Rute R da Fonseca
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research-CIIMAR/CIMAR, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal. .,Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Han Y, Zhu T, Jiao L, Hua B, Cai H, Zhao Y. Normal range and genetic analysis of coagulation factor XII in the general Chinese population. Thromb Res 2015; 136:440-4. [PMID: 26105808 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that the average activity of coagulation factor XII depends on the ethnicity of the population under study but little information is available on Chinese. We here provide an analysis of the range of activities and antigenic levels of factor XII in healthy Han Chinese and correlate the measurements with polymorphisms and mutations in the corresponding gene. METHODS Plasma samples were obtained from 549 healthy Chinese adults (264 men, 285 women; age 16-79years) undergoing routine check-ups. The samples were subjected to an activated partial thromboplastin time-based factor XII activity assay as well as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Partial gene sequence analyses were performed in subjects with low factor XII activity and in normal controls. RESULTS Ninety-five percent of the subjects had factor XII activities between 47% and 160.25%, with no evidence for an influence of sex or age. Among 15 subjects with activity levels ≤47%, we found one novel nonsense and two missense mutations that may lead to dysfunctional proteins. No mutations were found in a selection of subjects with activities above 47%. Interestingly, however, the particular sequence at a known C/T polymorphism at position 46 just upstream of the translational start codon was correlated with factor XII activity. Subjects homozygous for the T allele, which has an allelic frequency of 0.69, showed significantly lower factor XII activities compared to subjects homozygous for the C allele or those heterozygous for C/T. CONCLUSIONS The survey determined the normal range of factor XII activities in healthy Chinese and identified mutations as well as a biased representation of a polymorphic nucleotide in subjects with abnormally low activities. The results provide an essential basis for the diagnosis of FXII deficiencies in Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Han
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tienan Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li Jiao
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Baolai Hua
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huacong Cai
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Abstract
The plasma coagulation system in mammalian blood consists of a cascade of enzyme activation events in which serine proteases activate the proteins (proenzymes and procofactors) in the next step of the cascade via limited proteolysis. The ultimate outcome is the polymerization of fibrin and the activation of platelets, leading to a blood clot. This process is protective, as it prevents excessive blood loss following injury (normal hemostasis). Unfortunately, the blood clotting system can also lead to unwanted blood clots inside blood vessels (pathologic thrombosis), which is a leading cause of disability and death in the developed world. There are two main mechanisms for triggering the blood clotting, termed the tissue factor pathway and the contact pathway. Only one of these pathways (the tissue factor pathway) functions in normal hemostasis. Both pathways, however, are thought to contribute to thrombosis. An emerging concept is that the contact pathway functions in host pathogen defenses. This review focuses on how the initiation phase of the blood clotting cascade is regulated in both pathways, with a discussion of the contributions of these pathways to hemostasis versus thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Smith
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Richard J Travers
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - James H Morrissey
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
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Smith SA, Morrissey JH. 2013 scientific sessions Sol Sherry distinguished lecture in thrombosis: polyphosphate: a novel modulator of hemostasis and thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1298-305. [PMID: 25908762 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.301927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphate is a highly anionic, linear polymer of inorganic phosphates that is found throughout biology, including in many infectious microorganisms. Recently, polyphosphate was discovered to be stored in a subset of the secretory granules of human platelets and mast cells, and to be secreted on activation of these cells. Work from our laboratory and others has now shown that polyphosphate is a novel, potent modulator of the blood clotting and complement systems that likely plays roles in hemostasis, thrombosis, inflammation, and host responses to pathogens. Therapeutics targeting polyphosphate may have the potential to limit thrombosis with fewer hemorrhagic complications than conventional anticoagulant drugs that target essential proteases of the blood clotting cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Smith
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - James H Morrissey
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
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