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Yuan S, Xu F, Zhang H, Chen J, Ruan X, Li Y, Burgess S, Åkesson A, Li X, Gill D, Larsson SC. Proteomic insights into modifiable risk of venous thromboembolism and cardiovascular comorbidities. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:738-748. [PMID: 38029854 PMCID: PMC7615672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been associated with several modifiable factors (MFs) and cardiovascular comorbidities. However, the mechanisms are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to decipher proteomic pathways underlying the associations of VTE with MFs and cardiovascular comorbidities. METHODS A 2-stage network Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to explore the associations between 15 MFs, 1151 blood proteins, and VTE using data from a genome-wide meta-analysis including 81 190 cases of VTE. We used protein data from 35 559 individuals as the discovery analysis, and from 2 independent studies including 10 708 and 54 219 participants as the replication analyses. Based on the identified proteins, we assessed the druggability and examined the cardiovascular pleiotropy. RESULTS The network Mendelian randomization analyses identified 10 MF-VTE, 86 MF-protein, and 34 protein-VTE associations. These associations were overall consistent in the replication analyses. Thirty-eight pathways with directionally consistent direct and indirect effects in the MF-protein-VTE pathway were identified. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 12 (LRP12: 34.3%-58.1%) and coagulation factor (F)XI (20.6%-39.6%) mediated most of the associations between 3 obesity indicators and VTE. Likewise, coagulation FXI mediated most of the smoking-VTE association (40%; 95% CI, 20%-60%) and insomnia-VTE association (27%; 95% CI, 5%-49%). Many VTE-associated proteins were highly druggable for thrombotic conditions. Five proteins (interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha, LRP12, prothrombin, angiopoietin-1, and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4) were associated with VTE and its cardiovascular comorbidities. CONCLUSION This study suggests that coagulation FXI, a druggable target, is an important mediator of the associations of obesity, smoking, and insomnia with VTE risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fengzhe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xixian Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Susanna C. Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Krott KJ, Feige T, Elvers M. Flow Chamber Analyses in Cardiovascular Research: Impact of Platelets and the Intercellular Crosstalk with Endothelial Cells, Leukocytes, and Red Blood Cells. Hamostaseologie 2023; 43:338-347. [PMID: 37857296 DOI: 10.1055/a-2113-1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are main drivers of thrombus formation. Besides platelet aggregate formation, platelets interact with different blood cells such as red blood and white blood cells (RBCs, WBCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), to promote thrombus formation and inflammation. In the past, the role of different proteins in platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregate formation has been analyzed using platelets/mice with a genetic loss of a certain protein. These knock-out mouse models have been investigated for changes in experimental arterial thrombosis or hemostasis. In this review, we focused on the Maastricht flow chamber, which is a very elegant tool to analyze thrombus formation under flow using whole blood or different blood cell components of genetically modified mice. Besides, the interaction of platelets with RBCs, WBCs, and ECs under flow conditions has been evaluated with regard to thrombus formation and platelet-mediated inflammation. Importantly, alterations in thrombus formation as emerged in the flow chamber frequently reflect arterial thrombosis in different mouse models. Thus, the results of flow chamber experiments in vitro are excellent indicators for differences in arterial thrombosis in vivo. Taken together, the Maastricht flow chamber can be used to (1) determine the severity of platelet alterations in different knock-out mice; (2) analyze differences in platelet adhesion, aggregation, and activation; (3) investigate collagen and non-collagen-dependent alterations of thrombus formation; and (4) highlight differences in the interaction of platelets with different blood/ECs. Thus, this experimental approach is a useful tool to increase our understanding of signaling mechanisms that drive arterial thrombosis and hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Jürgen Krott
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Feige
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Hoermann H, Krueger I, Maurus N, Reusswig F, Sun Y, Kohlmorgen C, Grandoch M, Fischer JW, Elvers M. The Proteoglycan Biglycan Modulates Platelet Adhesion and Thrombus Formation in a GPVI-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12168. [PMID: 34830059 PMCID: PMC8622445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular injury induces the exposure of subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM) important to serve as substrate for platelets to adhere to the injured vessel wall to avoid massive blood loss. Different ECM proteins are known to initiate platelet adhesion and activation. In atherosclerotic mice, the small, leucine-rich proteoglycan biglycan is important for the regulation of thrombin activity via heparin cofactor II. However, nothing is known about the role of biglycan for hemostasis and thrombosis under nonatherosclerotic conditions. METHODS The role of biglycan for platelet adhesion and thrombus formation was investigated using a recombinant protein and biglycan knockout mice. RESULTS The present study identified biglycan as important ECM protein for the adhesion and activation of platelets, and the formation of three-dimensional thrombi under flow conditions. Platelet adhesion to immobilized biglycan induces the reorganization of the platelet cytoskeleton. Mechanistically, biglycan binds and activates the major collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP)VI, because reduced platelet adhesion to recombinant biglycan was observed when GPVI was blocked and enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation in a GPVI-dependent manner was observed when platelets were stimulated with biglycan. In vivo, the deficiency of biglycan resulted in reduced platelet adhesion to the injured carotid artery and prolonged bleeding times. CONCLUSIONS Loss of biglycan in the vessel wall of mice but not in platelets led to reduced platelet adhesion at the injured carotid artery and prolonged bleeding times, suggesting a crucial role for biglycan as ECM protein that binds and activates platelets via GPVI upon vessel injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Hoermann
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.H.); (I.K.); (N.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Irena Krueger
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.H.); (I.K.); (N.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Nadine Maurus
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.H.); (I.K.); (N.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Friedrich Reusswig
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.H.); (I.K.); (N.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Yi Sun
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Christina Kohlmorgen
- Institute for Pharmacology und Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.K.); (M.G.); (J.W.F.)
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Pharmacology und Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.K.); (M.G.); (J.W.F.)
| | - Jens W. Fischer
- Institute for Pharmacology und Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.K.); (M.G.); (J.W.F.)
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.H.); (I.K.); (N.M.); (F.R.)
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4
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Krüger I, Reusswig F, Krott KJ, Lersch CF, Spelleken M, Elvers M. Genetic Labeling of Cells Allows Identification and Tracking of Transgenic Platelets in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073710. [PMID: 33918229 PMCID: PMC8037568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of knock-out mouse models is crucial to understand platelet activation and aggregation. Methods: Analysis of the global double fluorescent Cre reporter mouse mT/mG that has been crossbred with the megakaryocyte/platelet specific PF4-Cre mouse. Results: Platelets show bright mT (PF4-Cre negative) and mG (PF4-Cre positive) fluorescence. However, a small proportion of leukocytes was positive for mG fluorescence in PF4-Cre positive mice. In mT/mG;PF4-Cre mice, platelets, and megakaryocytes can be tracked by their specific fluorescence in blood smear, hematopoietic organs and upon thrombus formation. No differences in platelet activation and thrombus formation was observed between mT/mG;PF4-Cre positive and negative mice. Furthermore, hemostasis and in vivo thrombus formation was comparable between genotypes as analyzed by intravital microscopy. Transplantation studies revealed that bone marrow of mT/mG;PF4-Cre mice can be transferred to C57BL/6 mice. Conclusions: The mT/mG Cre reporter mouse is an appropriate model for real-time visualization of platelets, the analysis of cell morphology and the identification of non-recombined platelets. Thus, mT/mG;PF4-Cre mice are important for the analysis of platelet-specific knockout mice. However, a small proportion of leukocytes exhibit mG fluorescence. Therefore, the analysis of platelets beyond hemostasis and thrombosis should be critically evaluated when recombination of immune cells is increased.
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Witte A, Rohlfing AK, Dannenmann B, Dicenta V, Nasri M, Kolb K, Sudmann J, Castor T, Rath D, Borst O, Skokowa J, Gawaz M. The chemokine CXCL14 mediates platelet function and migration via direct interaction with CXCR4. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:903-917. [PMID: 32239134 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Beyond classical roles in thrombosis and haemostasis, it becomes increasingly clear that platelets contribute as key players to inflammatory processes. The involvement of platelets in these processes is often mediated through a variety of platelet-derived chemokines which are released upon activation and act as paracrine and autocrine factors. In this study, we investigate CXCL14, a newly described platelet chemokine and its role in thrombus formation as well as monocyte and platelet migration. In addition, we examine the chemokine receptor CXCR4 as a possible receptor for CXCL14 on platelets. Furthermore, with the use of artificially generated platelets derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), we investigate the importance of CXCR4 for CXCL14-mediated platelet functions. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we showed that CXCL14 deficient platelets reveal reduced thrombus formation under flow compared with wild-type platelets using a standardized flow chamber. Addition of recombinant CXCL14 normalized platelet-dependent thrombus formation on collagen. Furthermore, we found that CXCL14 is a chemoattractant for platelets and mediates migration via CXCR4. CXCL14 promotes platelet migration of platelets through the receptor CXCR4 as evidenced by murine CXCR4-deficient platelets and human iPSC-derived cultured platelets deficient in CXCR4. We found that CXCL14 directly interacts with the CXCR4 as verified by immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal CXCL14 as a novel platelet-derived chemokine that is involved in thrombus formation and platelet migration. Furthermore, we identified CXCR4 as principal receptor for CXCL14, an interaction promoting platelet migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Witte
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Rohlfing
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dannenmann
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Valerie Dicenta
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Masoud Nasri
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kyra Kolb
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jessica Sudmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Castor
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Rath
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Skokowa
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried - Müller - Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Molecular Drivers of Platelet Activation: Unraveling Novel Targets for Anti-Thrombotic and Anti-Thrombo-Inflammatory Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217906. [PMID: 33114406 PMCID: PMC7662962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally-partly a consequence of increased population size and ageing-and are major contributors to reduced quality of life. Platelets play a major role in hemostasis and thrombosis. While platelet activation and aggregation are essential for hemostasis at sites of vascular injury, uncontrolled platelet activation leads to pathological thrombus formation and provokes thrombosis leading to myocardial infarction or stroke. Platelet activation and thrombus formation is a multistage process with different signaling pathways involved to trigger platelet shape change, integrin activation, stable platelet adhesion, aggregation, and degranulation. Apart from thrombotic events, thrombo-inflammation contributes to organ damage and dysfunction in CVDs and is mediated by platelets and inflammatory cells. Therefore, in the past, many efforts have been made to investigate specific signaling pathways in platelets to identify innovative and promising approaches for novel antithrombotic and anti-thrombo-inflammatory strategies that do not interfere with hemostasis. In this review, we focus on some of the most recent data reported on different platelet receptors, including GPIb-vWF interactions, GPVI activation, platelet chemokine receptors, regulation of integrin signaling, and channel homeostasis of NMDAR and PANX1.
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7
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Krueger I, Gremer L, Mangels L, Klier M, Jurk K, Willbold D, Bock HH, Elvers M. Reelin Amplifies Glycoprotein VI Activation and AlphaIIb Beta3 Integrin Outside-In Signaling via PLC Gamma 2 and Rho GTPases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2391-2403. [PMID: 32787521 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reelin, a secreted glycoprotein, was originally identified in the central nervous system, where it plays an important role in brain development and maintenance. In the cardiovascular system, reelin plays a role in atherosclerosis by enhancing vascular inflammation and in arterial thrombosis by promoting platelet adhesion, activation, and thrombus formation via APP (amyloid precursor protein) and GP (glycoprotein) Ib. However, the role of reelin in hemostasis and arterial thrombosis is not fully understood to date. Approach and Results: In the present study, we analyzed the importance of reelin for cytoskeletal reorganization of platelets and thrombus formation in more detail. Platelets release reelin to amplify alphaIIb beta3 integrin outside-in signaling by promoting platelet adhesion, cytoskeletal reorganization, and clot retraction via activation of Rho GTPases RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate) and RhoA (Ras homolog family member A). Reelin interacts with the collagen receptor GP (glycoprotein) VI with subnanomolar affinity, induces tyrosine phosphorylation in a GPVI-dependent manner, and supports platelet binding to collagen and GPVI-dependent RAC1 activation, PLC gamma 2 (1-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2) phosphorylation, platelet activation, and aggregation. When GPVI was deleted from the platelet surface by antibody treatment in reelin-deficient mice, thrombus formation was completely abolished after injury of the carotid artery while being only reduced in either GPVI-depleted or reelin-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a novel signaling pathway that involves reelin-induced GPVI activation and alphaIIb beta3 integrin outside-in signaling in platelets. Loss of both, GPVI and reelin, completely prevents stable arterial thrombus formation in vivo suggesting that inhibiting reelin-platelet-interaction might represent a novel strategy to avoid arterial thrombosis in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Krueger
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany (I.K., M.K., M.E.)
| | - Lothar Gremer
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany (L.G., D.W.).,Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry) and JuStruct, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany (L.G., L.M., D.W.)
| | - Lena Mangels
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry) and JuStruct, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany (L.G., L.M., D.W.)
| | - Meike Klier
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany (I.K., M.K., M.E.)
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Germany (K.J.)
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany (L.G., D.W.).,Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry) and JuStruct, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany (L.G., L.M., D.W.)
| | - Hans H Bock
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology Department, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany (H.H.B.)
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany (I.K., M.K., M.E.)
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Novice T, Kariminia A, Del Bel KL, Lu H, Sharma M, Lim CJ, Read J, Lugt MV, Hannibal MC, O'Dwyer D, Hosler M, Scharnitz T, Rizzo JM, Zacur J, Priatel J, Abdossamadi S, Bohm A, Junker A, Turvey SE, Schultz KR, Rozmus J. A Germline Mutation in the C2 Domain of PLCγ2 Associated with Gain-of-Function Expands the Phenotype for PLCG2-Related Diseases. J Clin Immunol 2019; 40:267-276. [PMID: 31853824 PMCID: PMC7086538 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-00731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report three new cases of a germline heterozygous gain-of-function missense (p.(Met1141Lys)) mutation in the C2 domain of phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCG2) associated with symptoms consistent with previously described auto-inflammation and phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2)-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (APLAID) syndrome and pediatric common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Functional evaluation showed platelet hyper-reactivity, increased B cell receptor-triggered calcium influx and ERK phosphorylation. Expression of the altered p.(Met1141Lys) variant in a PLCγ2-knockout DT40 cell line showed clearly enhanced BCR-triggered influx of external calcium when compared to control-transfected cells. Our results further expand the molecular basis of pediatric CVID and phenotypic spectrum of PLCγ2-related defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Novice
- University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amina Kariminia
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kate L Del Bel
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Henry Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mehul Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chinten J Lim
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jay Read
- Department of Pediatrics, Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark Vander Lugt
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark C Hannibal
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism & Genomic Medicine, Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David O'Dwyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mirie Hosler
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Scharnitz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason M Rizzo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer Zacur
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Priatel
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sayeh Abdossamadi
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alexandra Bohm
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anne Junker
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kirk R Schultz
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jacob Rozmus
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, Canada.
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Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque development depends on chronic inflammation of the arterial wall. A dysbiotic gut microbiota can cause low-grade inflammation, and microbiota composition was linked to cardiovascular disease risk. However, the role of this environmental factor in atherothrombosis remains undefined. To analyze the impact of gut microbiota on atherothrombosis, we rederived low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/- ) mice as germfree (GF) and kept these mice for 16 weeks on an atherogenic high-fat Western diet (HFD) under GF isolator conditions and under conventionally raised specific-pathogen-free conditions (CONV-R). In spite of reduced diversity of the cecal gut microbiome, caused by atherogenic HFD, GF Ldlr-/- mice and CONV-R Ldlr-/- mice exhibited atherosclerotic lesions of comparable sizes in the common carotid artery. In contrast to HFD-fed mice, showing no difference in total cholesterol levels, CONV-R Ldlr-/- mice fed control diet (CD) had significantly reduced total plasma cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and LDL levels compared with GF Ldlr-/- mice. Myeloid cell counts in blood as well as leukocyte adhesion to the vessel wall at the common carotid artery of GF Ldlr-/- mice on HFD were diminished compared to CONV-R Ldlr-/- controls. Plasma cytokine profiling revealed reduced levels of the proinflammatory chemokines CCL7 and CXCL1 in GF Ldlr-/- mice, whereas the T-cell-related interleukin 9 (IL-9) and IL-27 were elevated. In the atherothrombosis model of ultrasound-induced rupture of the common carotid artery plaque, thrombus area was significantly reduced in GF Ldlr-/- mice relative to CONV-R Ldlr-/- mice. Ex vivo, this atherothrombotic phenotype was explained by decreased adhesion-dependent platelet activation and thrombus growth of HFD-fed GF Ldlr-/- mice on type III collagen.IMPORTANCE Our results demonstrate a functional role for the commensal microbiota in atherothrombosis. In a ferric chloride injury model of the carotid artery, GF C57BL/6J mice had increased occlusion times compared to colonized controls. Interestingly, in late atherosclerosis, HFD-fed GF Ldlr-/- mice had reduced plaque rupture-induced thrombus growth in the carotid artery and diminished ex vivo thrombus formation under arterial flow conditions.
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Nagy M, van Geffen JP, Stegner D, Adams DJ, Braun A, de Witt SM, Elvers M, Geer MJ, Kuijpers MJE, Kunzelmann K, Mori J, Oury C, Pircher J, Pleines I, Poole AW, Senis YA, Verdoold R, Weber C, Nieswandt B, Heemskerk JWM, Baaten CCFMJ. Comparative Analysis of Microfluidics Thrombus Formation in Multiple Genetically Modified Mice: Link to Thrombosis and Hemostasis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:99. [PMID: 31417909 PMCID: PMC6682619 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified mice are indispensable for establishing the roles of platelets in arterial thrombosis and hemostasis. Microfluidics assays using anticoagulated whole blood are commonly used as integrative proxy tests for platelet function in mice. In the present study, we quantified the changes in collagen-dependent thrombus formation for 38 different strains of (genetically) modified mice, all measured with the same microfluidics chamber. The mice included were deficient in platelet receptors, protein kinases or phosphatases, small GTPases or other signaling or scaffold proteins. By standardized re-analysis of high-resolution microscopic images, detailed information was obtained on altered platelet adhesion, aggregation and/or activation. For a subset of 11 mouse strains, these platelet functions were further evaluated in rhodocytin- and laminin-dependent thrombus formation, thus allowing a comparison of glycoprotein VI (GPVI), C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC2) and integrin α6β1 pathways. High homogeneity was found between wild-type mice datasets concerning adhesion and aggregation parameters. Quantitative comparison for the 38 modified mouse strains resulted in a matrix visualizing the impact of the respective (genetic) deficiency on thrombus formation with detailed insight into the type and extent of altered thrombus signatures. Network analysis revealed strong clusters of genes involved in GPVI signaling and Ca2+ homeostasis. The majority of mice demonstrating an antithrombotic phenotype in vivo displayed with a larger or smaller reduction in multi-parameter analysis of collagen-dependent thrombus formation in vitro. Remarkably, in only approximately half of the mouse strains that displayed reduced arterial thrombosis in vivo, this was accompanied by impaired hemostasis. This was also reflected by comparing in vitro thrombus formation (by microfluidics) with alterations in in vivo bleeding time. In conclusion, the presently developed multi-parameter analysis of thrombus formation using microfluidics can be used to: (i) determine the severity of platelet abnormalities; (ii) distinguish between altered platelet adhesion, aggregation and activation; and (iii) elucidate both collagen and non-collagen dependent alterations of thrombus formation. This approach may thereby aid in the better understanding and better assessment of genetic variation that affect in vivo arterial thrombosis and hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdolna Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Johanna P van Geffen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - David Stegner
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Attila Braun
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne M de Witt
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mitchell J Geer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marijke J E Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jun Mori
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Oury
- GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Joachim Pircher
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Irina Pleines
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alastair W Poole
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yotis A Senis
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Remco Verdoold
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Constance C F M J Baaten
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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11
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Shroff N, Ander BP, Zhan X, Stamova B, Liu D, Hull H, Hamade FR, Dykstra-Aiello C, Ng K, Sharp FR, Jickling GC. HDAC9 Polymorphism Alters Blood Gene Expression in Patients with Large Vessel Atherosclerotic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 10:19-25. [PMID: 29651704 PMCID: PMC6186202 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) polymorphism rs2107595 is associated with an increased risk for large vessel atherosclerotic stroke (LVAS). In humans, there remains a need to better understand this HDAC9 polymorphism's contribution to large vessel stroke. In this pilot study, we evaluated whether the HDAC9 polymorphism rs2107595 is associated with differences in leukocyte gene expression in patients with LVAS. HDAC9 SNP rs2107595 was genotyped in 155 patients (43 LVAS and 112 vascular risk factor controls). RNA isolated from blood was processed on whole genome microarrays. Gene expression was compared between HDAC9 risk allele-positive and risk allele-negative LVAS patients and controls. Functional analysis identified canonical pathways and molecular functions associated with rs2107595 in LVAS. In HDAC9 SNP rs2107595 risk allele-positive LVAS patients, there were 155 genes differentially expressed compared to risk allele-negative patients (fold change > |1.2|, p < 0.05). The 155 genes separated the risk allele-positive and risk allele-negative LVAS patients on a principal component analysis. Pathways associated with HDAC9 risk allele-positive status involved IL-6 signaling, cholesterol efflux, and platelet aggregation. These preliminary data suggest an association with the HDAC9 rs2107595 risk allele and peripheral immune, lipid, and clotting systems in LVAS. Further study is required to evaluate whether these differences are related to large vessel atherosclerosis and stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Shroff
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- MIND Institute Wet Labs, Room 2415, 2805 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Bradley P Ander
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Boryana Stamova
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - DaZhi Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Heather Hull
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Farah R Hamade
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Cheryl Dykstra-Aiello
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Kwan Ng
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
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13
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Swieringa F, Spronk HM, Heemskerk JW, van der Meijden PE. Integrating platelet and coagulation activation in fibrin clot formation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:450-460. [PMID: 30046749 PMCID: PMC6046596 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets interact with the coagulation system in a multitude of ways, not only during the phases of thrombus formation, but also in specific areas within a formed thrombus. This review discusses current concepts of platelet control of thrombin generation, fibrin formation and structure, and anticoagulation. Indicated are how combined signalling via the platelet receptors for collagen (glycoprotein VI) and thrombin induces the secretion of (anti)coagulation factors, as well as surface exposure of phosphatidylserine, thereby catalysing thrombin generation. This procoagulant platelet response is also facilitated by the adhesive complexes glycoprotein Ib-V-IX and integrin αIIbβ3. In the buildup of a platelet-fibrin thrombus, the extrinsic, tissue factor-driven coagulation pathway is predominant in early stages, while the intrinsic, factor XII pathway seems to promote at later time points. Already early generation of thrombin enforces platelet responses and stimulates intra-thrombus heterogeneity with patches of loosely aggregated, contracted, and phosphatidylserine-exposing platelets. Fibrin actively formed on the surface of activated platelets supports thrombus growth, but also captures thrombin. The fibrin distribution in a thrombus appears to rely on the local procoagulant trigger and the blood flow rate. Clinical studies support the importance of the platelet-coagulation interplay, by showing beneficial effects of combination therapy in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Swieringa
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Leibniz Institute for Analytical SciencesISASDortmundGermany
| | - Henri M.H. Spronk
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Johan W.M. Heemskerk
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Paola E.J. van der Meijden
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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14
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Cool-temperature-mediated activation of phospholipase C-γ2 in the human hereditary disease PLAID. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1237-1251. [PMID: 27196803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Deletions in the gene encoding signal-transducing inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C-γ2 (PLCγ2) are associated with the novel human hereditary disease PLAID (PLCγ2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation). PLAID is characterized by a rather puzzling concurrence of augmented and diminished functions of the immune system, such as cold urticaria triggered by only minimal decreases in temperature, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiency. Understanding of the functional effects of the genomic alterations at the level of the affected enzyme, PLCγ2, is currently lacking. PLCγ2 is critically involved in coupling various cell surface receptors to regulation of important functions of immune cells such as mast cells, B cells, monocytes/macrophages, and neutrophils. PLCγ2 is unique by carrying three Src (SH) and one split pleckstrin homology domain (spPH) between the two catalytic subdomains (spPHn-SH2n-SH2c-SH3-spPHc). Prevailing evidence suggests that activation of PLCγ2 is primarily due to loss of SH-region-mediated autoinhibition and/or enhanced plasma membrane translocation. Here, we show that the two PLAID PLCγ2 mutants lacking portions of the SH region are strongly (>100-fold), rapidly, and reversibly activated by cooling by only a few degrees. We found that the mechanism(s) underlying PLCγ2 PLAID mutant activation by cool temperatures is distinct from a mere loss of SH-region-mediated autoinhibition and dependent on both the integrity and the pliability of the spPH domain. The results suggest a new mechanism of PLCγ activation with unique thermodynamic features and assign a novel regulatory role to its spPH domain. Involvement of this mechanism in other human disease states associated with cooling such as exertional asthma and certain acute coronary events appears an intriguing possibility.
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15
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Niki M, Nayak MK, Jin H, Bhasin N, Plow EF, Pandolfi PP, Rothman PB, Chauhan AK, Lentz SR. Dok-1 negatively regulates platelet integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signalling and inhibits thrombosis in mice. Thromb Haemost 2016; 115:969-78. [PMID: 26790499 DOI: 10.1160/th15-05-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adaptor proteins play a critical role in the assembly of signalling complexes after engagement of platelet receptors by agonists such as collagen, ADP and thrombin. Recently, using proteomics, the Dok (downstream of tyrosine kinase) adapter proteins were identified in human and mouse platelets. In vitro studies suggest that Dok-1 binds to platelet integrin β3, but the underlying effects of Dok-1 on αIIbβ3 signalling, platelet activation and thrombosis remain to be elucidated. In the present study, using Dok-1-deficient (Dok-1-/-) mice, we determined the phenotypic role of Dok-1 in αIIbβ3 signalling. We found that platelets from Dok-1-/- mice displayed normal aggregation, activation of αIIbβ3 (assessed by binding of JON/A), P-selectin surface expression (assessed by anti-CD62P), and soluble fibrinogen binding. These findings indicate that Dok-1 does not affect "inside-out" platelet signalling. Compared with platelets from wild-type (WT) mice, platelets from Dok-1-/- mice exhibited increased clot retraction (p < 0.05 vs WT), increased PLCγ2 phosphorylation, and enhanced spreading on fibrinogen after thrombin stimulation (p < 0.01 vs WT), demonstrating that Dok-1 negatively regulates αIIbβ3 "outside-in" signalling. Finally, we found that Dok-1-/- mice exhibited significantly shortened bleeding times and accelerated carotid artery thrombosis in response to photochemical injury (p < 0.05 vs WT mice). We conclude that Dok-1 modulates thrombosis and haemostasis by negatively regulating αIIbβ3 outside-in signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven R Lentz
- Steven R. Lentz, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, C21 GH, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA, Tel.: +1 319 356 4048, Fax: +1 319 353 8383, E-mail:
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16
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Brandenburg LO, Pufe T, Koch T. Role of phospholipase d in g-protein coupled receptor function. MEMBRANES 2014; 4:302-18. [PMID: 24995811 PMCID: PMC4194036 DOI: 10.3390/membranes4030302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged agonist exposure of many G-protein coupled receptors induces a rapid receptor phosphorylation and uncoupling from G-proteins. Resensitization of these desensitized receptors requires endocytosis and subsequent dephosphorylation. Numerous studies show the involvement of phospholipid-specific phosphodiesterase phospholipase D (PLD) in the receptor endocytosis and recycling of many G-protein coupled receptors e.g., opioid, formyl or dopamine receptors. The PLD hydrolyzes the headgroup of a phospholipid, generally phosphatidylcholine (PC), to phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline and is assumed to play an important function in cell regulation and receptor trafficking. Protein kinases and GTP binding proteins of the ADP-ribosylation and Rho families regulate the two mammalian PLD isoforms 1 and 2. Mammalian and yeast PLD are also potently stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. The PA product is an intracellular lipid messenger. PLD and PA activities are implicated in a wide range of physiological processes and diseases including inflammation, diabetes, oncogenesis or neurodegeneration. This review discusses the characterization, structure, and regulation of PLD in the context of membrane located G-protein coupled receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Ove Brandenburg
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Koch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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17
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de Witt SM, Verdoold R, Cosemans JM, Heemskerk JW. Insights into platelet-based control of coagulation. Thromb Res 2014; 133 Suppl 2:S139-48. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(14)50024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Gowert NS, Donner L, Chatterjee M, Eisele YS, Towhid ST, Münzer P, Walker B, Ogorek I, Borst O, Grandoch M, Schaller M, Fischer JW, Gawaz M, Weggen S, Lang F, Jucker M, Elvers M. Blood platelets in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90523. [PMID: 24587388 PMCID: PMC3938776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neurotoxic amyloid-ß plaque formation in brain parenchyma and cerebral blood vessels known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Besides CAA, AD is strongly related to vascular diseases such as stroke and atherosclerosis. Cerebrovascular dysfunction occurs in AD patients leading to alterations in blood flow that might play an important role in AD pathology with neuronal loss and memory deficits. Platelets are the major players in hemostasis and thrombosis, but are also involved in neuroinflammatory diseases like AD. For many years, platelets were accepted as peripheral model to study the pathophysiology of AD because platelets display the enzymatic activities to generate amyloid-ß (Aß) peptides. In addition, platelets are considered to be a biomarker for early diagnosis of AD. Effects of Aß peptides on platelets and the impact of platelets in the progression of AD remained, however, ill-defined. The present study explored the cellular mechanisms triggered by Aß in platelets. Treatment of platelets with Aß led to platelet activation and enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and membrane scrambling, suggesting enhanced platelet apoptosis. More important, platelets modulate soluble Aß into fibrillar structures that were absorbed by apoptotic but not vital platelets. This together with enhanced platelet adhesion under flow ex vivo and in vivo and platelet accumulation at amyloid deposits of cerebral vessels of AD transgenic mice suggested that platelets are major contributors of CAA inducing platelet thrombus formation at vascular amyloid plaques leading to vessel occlusion critical for cerebrovascular events like stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina S. Gowert
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Hemostasis, Hemotherapy and Transfusion Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lili Donner
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Hemostasis, Hemotherapy and Transfusion Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Madhumita Chatterjee
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne S. Eisele
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie-Institut for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Seyda T. Towhid
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Münzer
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Britta Walker
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Isabella Ogorek
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institut für Pharmakologie u. Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens W. Fischer
- Institut für Pharmakologie u. Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Weggen
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie-Institut for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Hemostasis, Hemotherapy and Transfusion Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany
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Heemskerk JWM, Mattheij NJA, Cosemans JMEM. Platelet-based coagulation: different populations, different functions. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:2-16. [PMID: 23106920 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelets in a thrombus interact with (anti)coagulation factors and support blood coagulation. In the concept of cell-based control of coagulation, three different roles of platelets can be distinguished: control of thrombin generation, support of fibrin formation, and regulation of fibrin clot retraction. Here, we postulate that different populations of platelets with distinct surface properties are involved in these coagulant functions. Platelets with elevated Ca(2+) and exposed phosphatidylserine control thrombin and fibrin generation, while platelets with activated α(IIb) β(3) regulate clot retraction. We review how coagulation factor binding depends on the platelet activation state. Furthermore, we discuss the ligands, platelet receptors and downstream intracellular signaling pathways implicated in these coagulant functions. These insights lead to an adapted model of platelet-based coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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21
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Schönberger T, Ziegler M, Borst O, Konrad I, Nieswandt B, Massberg S, Ochmann C, Jürgens T, Seizer P, Langer H, Münch G, Ungerer M, Preissner KT, Elvers M, Gawaz M. The dimeric platelet collagen receptor GPVI-Fc reduces platelet adhesion to activated endothelium and preserves myocardial function after transient ischemia in mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C757-66. [PMID: 22814400 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00060.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelets play a critical role in the pathophysiology of reperfusion, sepsis, and cardiovascular diseases. In a multiple step process, they adhere to activated endothelium and release proinflammatory cytokines thereby promoting the inflammatory process. Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) is the major collagen receptor on the platelet surface and triggers platelet activation and primary hemostasis. Activation of GPVI leads to stable platelet adhesion and degranulation of platelet granules. However, GPVI is critically involved in platelet adhesion to activated endothelium without exposure of subendothelial matrix. Earlier studies show that the soluble GPVI-Fc binds to collagen and protects mice from atherosclerosis and decreases neointima proliferation after arterial injury. Here, we show for the first time that recombinant GPVI-Fc binds to activated endothelium mainly via vitronectin and prevents platelet/endothelial interaction. Administration of GPVI-Fc reduced infarct size and preserved cardiac function in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. This process was associated with reduced GPVI-induced platelet degranulation and release of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, administration of GPVI-Fc offers a novel strategy to control platelet-mediated inflammation and to preserve myocardial function following myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Schönberger
- DVM, Medizinische Klinik III, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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22
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Intracellular cyclophilin A is an important Ca(2+) regulator in platelets and critically involved in arterial thrombus formation. Blood 2012; 120:1317-26. [PMID: 22740452 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-398438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet adhesion and aggregation play a critical role in primary hemostasis. Uncontrolled platelet activation leads to pathologic thrombus formation and organ failure. The decisive central step for different processes of platelet activation is the increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) activity ([Ca(2+)](i)). Activation-dependent depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores triggers Ca(2+) entry from the extracellular space. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) has been identified as a Ca(2+) sensor that regulates store-operated Ca(2+) entry through activation of the pore-forming subunit Orai1, the major store-operated Ca(2+) entry channel in platelets. In the present study, we show for the first time that the chaperone protein cyclophilin A (CyPA) acts as a Ca(2+) modulator in platelets. CyPA deficiency strongly blunted activation-induced Ca(2+) mobilization from intracellular stores and Ca(2+) influx from the extracellular compartment and thus impaired platelet activation substantially. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of the Ca(2+) sensor STIM1 was abrogated upon CyPA deficiency, as shown by immunoprecipitation studies. In a mouse model of arterial thrombosis, CyPA-deficient mice were protected against arterial thrombosis, whereas bleeding time was not affected. The results of the present study identified CyPA as an important Ca(2+) regulator in platelets, a critical mechanism for arterial thrombosis.
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23
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Elvers M, Beck S, Fotinos A, Ziegler M, Gawaz M. The GRAF family member oligophrenin1 is a RhoGAP with BAR domain and regulates Rho GTPases in platelets. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 94:526-36. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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24
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Zhang L, Mao YS, Janmey PA, Yin HL. Phosphatidylinositol 4, 5 bisphosphate and the actin cytoskeleton. Subcell Biochem 2012; 59:177-215. [PMID: 22374091 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-3015-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic changes in PM PIP(2) have been implicated in the regulation of many processes that are dependent on actin polymerization and remodeling. PIP(2) is synthesized primarily by the type I phosphatidylinositol 4 phosphate 5 kinases (PIP5Ks), and there are three major isoforms, called a, b and g. There is emerging evidence that these PIP5Ks have unique as well as overlapping functions. This review will focus on the isoform-specific roles of individual PIP5K as they relate to the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. We will review recent advances that establish PIP(2) as a critical regulator of actin polymerization and cytoskeleton/membrane linkages, and show how binding of cytoskeletal proteins to membrane PIP(2) might alter lateral or transverse movement of lipids to affect raft formation or lipid asymmetry. The mechanisms for specifying localized increase in PIP(2) to regulate dynamic actin remodeling will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, 75390-9040, Dallas, TX, USA
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Selvy PE, Lavieri RR, Lindsley CW, Brown HA. Phospholipase D: enzymology, functionality, and chemical modulation. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6064-119. [PMID: 21936578 PMCID: PMC3233269 DOI: 10.1021/cr200296t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Selvy
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37064, USA
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