1
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Heinson YW, Han JL, Entcheva E. OptoDyCE-plate as an affordable high throughput imager for all optical cardiac electrophysiology. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY PLUS 2023; 6:100054. [PMID: 38130942 PMCID: PMC10735237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmccpl.2023.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple low-cost system for comprehensive functional characterization of cardiac function under spontaneous and paced conditions, in standard 96 and 384-well plates. This full-plate actuator/imager, OptoDyCE-plate, uses optogenetic stimulation and optical readouts of voltage and calcium (parallel recordings from up to 100 wells in 384-well plates are demonstrated). The system is validated with syncytia of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes, iPSC-CMs, grown as monolayers, or in quasi-3D isotropic and anisotropic constructs using electrospun matrices, in 96 and 384-well format. Genetic modifications, e.g. interference CRISPR (CRISPRi), and nine compounds of acute and chronic action were tested, including five histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). Their effects on voltage and calcium were compared across growth conditions and pacing rates. We also demonstrated optogenetic point pacing via cell spheroids to study conduction in 96-well format, as well as temporal multiplexing to register voltage and calcium simultaneously on a single camera. Opto-DyCE-plate showed excellent performance even in the small samples in 384-well plates. Anisotropic structured constructs may provide some benefits in drug testing, although drug responses were consistent across tested configurations. Differential voltage vs. calcium responses were seen for some drugs, especially for non-traditional modulators of cardiac function, e.g. HDACi, and pacing rate was a powerful modulator of drug response, highlighting the need for comprehensive multiparametric assessment, as offered by OptoDyCE-plate. Increasing throughput and speed and reducing cost of screening can help stratify potential compounds early in the drug development process and accelerate the development of safer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, United States of America
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2
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Bernava G, Iop L. Advances in the design, generation, and application of tissue-engineered myocardial equivalents. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1247572. [PMID: 37811368 PMCID: PMC10559975 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1247572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited regenerative ability of cardiomyocytes, the disabling irreversible condition of myocardial failure can only be treated with conservative and temporary therapeutic approaches, not able to repair the damage directly, or with organ transplantation. Among the regenerative strategies, intramyocardial cell injection or intravascular cell infusion should attenuate damage to the myocardium and reduce the risk of heart failure. However, these cell delivery-based therapies suffer from significant drawbacks and have a low success rate. Indeed, cardiac tissue engineering efforts are directed to repair, replace, and regenerate native myocardial tissue function. In a regenerative strategy, biomaterials and biomimetic stimuli play a key role in promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and neo-tissue formation. Thus, appropriate biochemical and biophysical cues should be combined with scaffolds emulating extracellular matrix in order to support cell growth and prompt favorable cardiac microenvironment and tissue regeneration. In this review, we provide an overview of recent developments that occurred in the biomimetic design and fabrication of cardiac scaffolds and patches. Furthermore, we sift in vitro and in situ strategies in several preclinical and clinical applications. Finally, we evaluate the possible use of bioengineered cardiac tissue equivalents as in vitro models for disease studies and drug tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Iop
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua Medical School, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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3
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Heinson YW, Han JL, Entcheva E. OptoDyCE-plate as an affordable high throughput imager for all optical cardiac electrophysiology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.29.555447. [PMID: 37693544 PMCID: PMC10491208 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.29.555447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple low-cost system for comprehensive functional characterization of cardiac function under spontaneous and paced conditions, in standard 96 and 384-well plates. This full-plate actuator/imager, OptoDyCE-plate, uses optogenetic stimulation and optical readouts of voltage and calcium from all wells in parallel. The system is validated with syncytia of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes, iPSC-CMs, grown as monolayers, or in quasi-3D isotropic and anisotropic constructs using electrospun matrices, in 96 and 394-well format. Genetic modifications, e.g. interference CRISPR (CRISPRi), and nine compounds of acute and chronic action were tested, including five histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). Their effects on voltage and calcium were compared across growth conditions and pacing rates. We also demonstrated deployment of optogenetic cell spheroids for point pacing to study conduction in 96-well format, and the use of temporal multiplexing to register voltage and calcium simultaneously on a single camera in this stand-alone platform. Opto-DyCE-plate showed excellent performance even in the small samples in 384-well plates, in the various configurations. Anisotropic structured constructs may provide some benefits in drug testing, although drug responses were consistent across tested configurations. Differential voltage vs. calcium responses were seen for some drugs, especially for non-traditional modulators of cardiac function, e.g. HDACi, and pacing rate was a powerful modulator of drug response, highlighting the need for comprehensive multiparametric assessment, as offered by OptoDyCE-plate. Increasing throughput and speed and reducing cost of screening can help stratify potential compounds early in the drug development process and accelerate the development of safer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037
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4
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Rojek K, Ćwiklińska M, Kuczak J, Guzowski J. Microfluidic Formulation of Topological Hydrogels for Microtissue Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16839-16909. [PMID: 36108106 PMCID: PMC9706502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has recently emerged as a powerful tool in generation of submillimeter-sized cell aggregates capable of performing tissue-specific functions, so-called microtissues, for applications in drug testing, regenerative medicine, and cell therapies. In this work, we review the most recent advances in the field, with particular focus on the formulation of cell-encapsulating microgels of small "dimensionalities": "0D" (particles), "1D" (fibers), "2D" (sheets), etc., and with nontrivial internal topologies, typically consisting of multiple compartments loaded with different types of cells and/or biopolymers. Such structures, which we refer to as topological hydrogels or topological microgels (examples including core-shell or Janus microbeads and microfibers, hollow or porous microstructures, or granular hydrogels) can be precisely tailored with high reproducibility and throughput by using microfluidics and used to provide controlled "initial conditions" for cell proliferation and maturation into functional tissue-like microstructures. Microfluidic methods of formulation of topological biomaterials have enabled significant progress in engineering of miniature tissues and organs, such as pancreas, liver, muscle, bone, heart, neural tissue, or vasculature, as well as in fabrication of tailored microenvironments for stem-cell expansion and differentiation, or in cancer modeling, including generation of vascularized tumors for personalized drug testing. We review the available microfluidic fabrication methods by exploiting various cross-linking mechanisms and various routes toward compartmentalization and critically discuss the available tissue-specific applications. Finally, we list the remaining challenges such as simplification of the microfluidic workflow for its widespread use in biomedical research, bench-to-bedside transition including production upscaling, further in vivo validation, generation of more precise organ-like models, as well as incorporation of induced pluripotent stem cells as a step toward clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna
O. Rojek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Ćwiklińska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Kuczak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Guzowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Mohammadi MH, Okhovatian S, Savoji H, Campbell SB, Lai BFL, Wu J, Pascual-Gil S, Bannerman D, Rafatian N, Li RK, Radisic M. Toward Hierarchical Assembly of Aligned Cell Sheets into a Conical Cardiac Ventricle Using Microfabricated Elastomers. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101165. [PMID: 35798316 PMCID: PMC9691564 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite current efforts in organ-on-chip engineering to construct miniature cardiac models, they often lack some physiological aspects of the heart, including fiber orientation. This motivates the development of bioartificial left ventricle models that mimic the myofiber orientation of the native ventricle. Herein, an approach relying on microfabricated elastomers that enables hierarchical assembly of 2D aligned cell sheets into a functional conical cardiac ventricle is described. Soft lithography and injection molding techniques are used to fabricate micro-grooves on an elastomeric polymer scaffold with three different orientations ranging from -60° to +60°, each on a separate trapezoidal construct. The width of the micro-grooves is optimized to direct the majority of cells along the groove direction and while periodic breaks are used to promote cell-cell contact. The scaffold is wrapped around a central mandrel to obtain a conical-shaped left ventricle model inspired by the size of a human left ventricle 19 weeks post-gestation. Rectangular micro-scale holes are incorporated to alleviate oxygen diffusional limitations within the 3D scaffold. Cardiomyocytes within the 3D left ventricle constructs showed high viability in all layers after 7 days of cultivation. The hierarchically assembled left ventricle also provided functional readouts such as calcium transients and ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sargol Okhovatian
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Sainte Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal TransMedTech Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Scott B. Campbell
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Fook Lun Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Wu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Pascual-Gil
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawn Bannerman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Mountris KA, Pueyo E. A meshless fragile points method for rule-based definition of myocardial fiber orientation. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 226:107164. [PMID: 36265289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Rule-based methods are commonly used to estimate the arrangement of myocardial fibers by solving the Laplace problem with appropriate Dirichlet boundary conditions. Existing algorithms are using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to solve the Laplace-Dirichlet problem. However, meshless methods are under development for cardiac electrophysiology simulation. The objective of this work is to propose a meshless rule based method for the determination of myocardial fiber arrangement without requiring a mesh discretization as it is required by FEM. METHODS The proposed method employs the Fragile Points Method (FPM) for the solution of the Laplace-Dirichlet problem. FPM uses simple discontinuous trial functions and single-point exact integration for linear trial functions that set it as a promising alternative to the Finite Element Method. We derive the FPM formulation of the Laplace-Dirichlet and we estimate ventricular and atrial fiber arrangements according to rules based on histology findings for four different geometries. The obtained fiber arrangements from FPM are compared with the ones obtained from FEM by calculating the angle between the fiber vector fields of the two methods for three different directions (i.e., longitudinal, sheet, transverse). RESULTS The fiber arrangements that were generated with FPM were in close agreement with the generated arrangements from FEM for all three directions. The mean angle difference between the FPM and FEM vector fields were lower than 0.030∘ for the ventricular fiber arrangements and lower than 0.036∘ for the atrial fiber arrangements. DISCUSSION The proposed meshless rule-based method was proven to generate myocardial fiber arrangements with very close agreement with FEM while alleviates the requirement for a mesh of the latter. This is of great value for cardiac electrophysiology solvers that are based on meshless methods since they require a well defined myocardial fiber arrangement to simulate accurately the propagation of electrical signals in the heart. Combining a meshless solution for both the determination of the fibers and the electrical signal propagation can allow for solution that do not require the definition of a mesh. To our knowledge, this work is the first one to propose a meshless rule-based method for myocardial fiber arrangement determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos A Mountris
- Aragón Institute for Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
| | - Esther Pueyo
- Aragón Institute for Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
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7
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Chen J, Akomolafe OI, Dhakal NP, Pujyam M, Skalli O, Jiang J, Peng C. Nematic Templated Complex Nanofiber Structures by Projection Display. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:7230-7240. [PMID: 35084814 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oriented arrays of nanofibers are ubiquitous in nature and have been widely used in recreation of the biological functions such as bone and muscle tissue regenerations. However, it remains a challenge to produce nanofiber arrays with a complex organization by using current fabrication techniques such as electrospinning and extrusion. In this work, we propose a method to fabricate the complex organization of nanofiber structures templated by a spatially varying ordered liquid crystal host, which follows the pattern produced by a maskless projection display system. By programming the synchronization of the rotated polarizer and projected segments with different shapes, various configurations of nanofiber organization ranging from a single to two-dimensional lattice of arbitrary topological defects are created in a deterministic manner. The nanofiber arrays can effectively guide and promote neurite outgrowth. The application of nanofibers with arced profiles and topological defects on neural tissue organization is also demonstrated. This finding, combined with the versatility and programmability of nanofiber structures, suggests that they will help solve challenges in nerve repair, neural regeneration, and other related tissue engineering fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Oluwafemi Isaac Akomolafe
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Netra Prasad Dhakal
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Mahesh Pujyam
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Omar Skalli
- Department of Biology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Jinghua Jiang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Chenhui Peng
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
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8
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Song J, Michas C, Chen CS, White AE, Grinstaff MW. Controlled Cell Alignment Using Two-Photon Direct Laser Writing-Patterned Hydrogels in 2D and 3D. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100051. [PMID: 33738917 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Direct laser writing (DLW) via two-photon polymerization is an emerging highly precise technique for the fabrication of intricate cellular scaffolds. Despite recent progress in using two-photon-polymerized scaffolds to probe fundamental cell behaviors, new methods to direct and modulate microscale cell alignment and selective cell adhesion using two-photon-polymerized microstructures are of keen interest. Here, a DLW-fabricated 2D and 3D hydrogel microstructures, with alternating soft and stiff regions, for precisely controlled cell alignment are reported. The use of both cell-adhesive and cell-repellent hydrogels allows selective adhesion and alignment of human mesenchymal stem cells within the printed structure. Importantly, DLW patterning enables cell alignment on flat surfaces as well as irregular and curved 3D microstructures, which are otherwise challenging to pattern with cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Christos Michas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alice E White
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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9
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Liu T, Zhang S, Huang C, Ma S, Bai R, Li Y, Chang Y, Hang C, Saleem A, Dong T, Guo T, Jiang Y, Lu W, Zhang L, Jianwen L, Jiang H, Lan F. Microscale grooves regulate maturation development of hPSC-CMs by the transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels). J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3469-3483. [PMID: 33689230 PMCID: PMC8034460 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC‐CMs) is limited in drug discovery and cardiac disease mechanism studies due to cell immaturity. Micro‐scaled grooves can promote the maturation of cardiomyocytes by aligning them in order, but the mechanism of cardiomyocytes alignment has not been studied. From the level of calcium activity, gene expression and cell morphology, we verified that the W20H5 grooves can effectively promote the maturation of cardiomyocytes. The transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels) also play an important role in the maturation and development of cardiomyocytes. These findings support the engineered hPSC‐CMs as a powerful model to study cardiac disease mechanism and partly mimic the myocardial morphological development. The important role of the TRP channels in the maturation and development of myocardium is first revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoyan Liu
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyao Zhang
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenwu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhong Ma
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Chang
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenwen Hang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Amina Saleem
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Dong
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianwei Guo
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Youxu Jiang
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Jianwen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Lan
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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10
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Petersen AP, Cho N, Lyra-Leite DM, Santoso JW, Gupta D, Ariyasinghe NR, McCain ML. Regulation of calcium dynamics and propagation velocity by tissue microstructure in engineered strands of cardiac tissue. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 12:34-46. [PMID: 32118279 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Disruptions to cardiac tissue microstructure are common in diseased or injured myocardium and are known substrates for arrhythmias. However, we have a relatively coarse understanding of the relationships between myocardial tissue microstructure, propagation velocity and calcium cycling, due largely to the limitations of conventional experimental tools. To address this, we used microcontact printing to engineer strands of cardiac tissue with eight different widths, quantified several structural and functional parameters and established correlation coefficients. As strand width increased, actin alignment, nuclei density, sarcomere index and cell aspect ratio decreased with unique trends. The propagation velocity of calcium waves decreased and the rise time of calcium transients increased with increasing strand width. The decay time constant of calcium transients decreased and then slightly increased with increasing strand width. Based on correlation coefficients, actin alignment was the strongest predictor of propagation velocity and calcium transient rise time. Sarcomere index and cell aspect ratio were also strongly correlated with propagation velocity. Actin alignment, sarcomere index and cell aspect ratio were all weak predictors of the calcium transient decay time constant. We also measured the expression of several genes relevant to propagation and calcium cycling and found higher expression of the genes that encode for connexin 43 (Cx43) and a subunit of L-type calcium channels in thin strands compared to isotropic tissues. Together, these results suggest that thinner strands have higher values of propagation velocity and calcium transient rise time due to a combination of favorable tissue microstructure and enhanced expression of genes for Cx43 and L-type calcium channels. These data are important for defining how microstructural features regulate intercellular and intracellular calcium handling, which is needed to understand mechanisms of propagation in physiological situations and arrhythmogenesis in pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Petersen
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Cho
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Davi M Lyra-Leite
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Santoso
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Divya Gupta
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nethika R Ariyasinghe
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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Hendrickson T, Mancino C, Whitney L, Tsao C, Rahimi M, Taraballi F. Mimicking cardiac tissue complexity through physical cues: A review on cardiac tissue engineering approaches. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 33:102367. [PMID: 33549819 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the number one killer in the world.1,2 Currently, there are no clinical treatments to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue, leaving patients to develop further life-threatening cardiac complications. Cardiac tissue has multiple functional demands including vascularization, contraction, and conduction that require many synergic components to properly work. Most of these functions are a direct result of the cardiac tissue structure and composition, and, for this reason, tissue engineering strongly proposed to develop substitute engineered heart tissues (EHTs). EHTs usually have combined pluripotent stem cells and supporting scaffolds with the final aim to repair or replace the damaged native tissue. However, as simple as this idea is, indeed, it resulted, after many attempts in the field, to be very challenging. Without design complexity, EHTs remain unable to mature fully and integrate into surrounding heart tissue resulting in minimal in vivo effects.3 Lately, there has been a growing body of evidence that a complex, multifunctional approach through implementing scaffold designs, cellularization, and molecular release appears to be essential in the development of a functional cardiac EHTs.4-6 This review covers the advancements in EHTs developments focusing on how to integrate contraction, conduction, and vascularization mimics and how combinations have resulted in improved designs thus warranting further investigation to develop a clinically applicable treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Hendrickson
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Texas A&M MD/PhD Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chiara Mancino
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, (MI), Italy
| | - Lauren Whitney
- Texas A&M Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chris Tsao
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maham Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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12
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Yong U, Lee S, Jung S, Jang J. Interdisciplinary approaches to advanced cardiovascular tissue engineering: ECM-based biomaterials, 3D bioprinting, and its assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/abb211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Montero P, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Musquiz S, Pérez Araluce M, Plano D, Sanmartín C, Orive G, Gavira JJ, Prosper F, Mazo MM. Cells, Materials, and Fabrication Processes for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:955. [PMID: 32850768 PMCID: PMC7431658 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer worldwide, with myocardial infarction (MI) responsible for approximately 1 in 6 deaths. The lack of endogenous regenerative capacity, added to the deleterious remodelling programme set into motion by myocardial necrosis, turns MI into a progressively debilitating disease, which current pharmacological therapy cannot halt. The advent of Regenerative Therapies over 2 decades ago kick-started a whole new scientific field whose aim was to prevent or even reverse the pathological processes of MI. As a highly dynamic organ, the heart displays a tight association between 3D structure and function, with the non-cellular components, mainly the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), playing both fundamental active and passive roles. Tissue engineering aims to reproduce this tissue architecture and function in order to fabricate replicas able to mimic or even substitute damaged organs. Recent advances in cell reprogramming and refinement of methods for additive manufacturing have played a critical role in the development of clinically relevant engineered cardiovascular tissues. This review focuses on the generation of human cardiac tissues for therapy, paying special attention to human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. We provide a perspective on progress in regenerative medicine from the early stages of cell therapy to the present day, as well as an overview of cellular processes, materials and fabrication strategies currently under investigation. Finally, we summarise current clinical applications and reflect on the most urgent needs and gaps to be filled for efficient translation to the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Montero
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Flandes-Iparraguirre
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saioa Musquiz
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Pérez Araluce
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology – UIRMI (UPV/EHU – Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan José Gavira
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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14
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Sun S, Shi H, Moore S, Wang C, Ash-Shakoor A, Mather PT, Henderson JH, Ma Z. Progressive Myofibril Reorganization of Human Cardiomyocytes on a Dynamic Nanotopographic Substrate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21450-21462. [PMID: 32326701 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte (CM) alignment with striated myofibril organization is developed during early cardiac organogenesis. Previous work has successfully achieved in vitro CM alignment using a variety of biomaterial scaffolds and substrates with static topographic features. However, the cellular processes that occur during the response of CMs to dynamic surface topographic changes, which may provide a model of in vivo developmental progress of CM alignment within embryonic myocardium, remains poorly understood. To gain insights into these cellular processes involved in the response of CMs to dynamic topographic changes, we developed a dynamic topographic substrate that employs a shape memory polymer coated with polyelectrolyte multilayers to produce a flat-to-wrinkle surface transition when triggered by a change in incubation temperature. Using this system, we investigated cellular morphological alignment and intracellular myofibril reorganization in response to the dynamic wrinkle formation. Hence, we identified the progressive cellular processes of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-CMs in a time-dependent manner, which could provide a foundation for a mechanistic model of cardiac myofibril reorganization in response to extracellular microenvironment changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Huaiyu Shi
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Sarah Moore
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Chenyan Wang
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Ariel Ash-Shakoor
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Patrick T Mather
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - James H Henderson
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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15
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Enhancement of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte maturation by chemical conditioning in a 3D environment. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 138:1-11. [PMID: 31655038 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the understanding and use of pluripotent stem cells have produced major changes in approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. An obstacle to the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) for regenerative medicine, disease modeling and drug discovery is their immature state relative to adult myocardium. We show the effects of a combination of biochemical factors, thyroid hormone, dexamethasone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (TDI) on the maturation of hiPSC-CMs in 3D cardiac microtissues (CMTs) that recapitulate aspects of the native myocardium. Based on a comparison of the gene expression profiles and the structural, ultrastructural, and electrophysiological properties of hiPSC-CMs in monolayers and CMTs, and measurements of the mechanical and pharmacological properties of CMTs, we find that TDI treatment in a 3D tissue context yields a higher fidelity adult cardiac phenotype, including sarcoplasmic reticulum function and contractile properties consistent with promotion of the maturation of hiPSC derived cardiomyocytes.
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16
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Savoji H, Mohammadi MH, Rafatian N, Toroghi MK, Wang EY, Zhao Y, Korolj A, Ahadian S, Radisic M. Cardiovascular disease models: A game changing paradigm in drug discovery and screening. Biomaterials 2019; 198:3-26. [PMID: 30343824 PMCID: PMC6397087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although investment in drug discovery and development has been sky-rocketing, the number of approved drugs has been declining. Cardiovascular toxicity due to therapeutic drug use claims the highest incidence and severity of adverse drug reactions in late-stage clinical development. Therefore, to address this issue, new, additional, replacement and combinatorial approaches are needed to fill the gap in effective drug discovery and screening. The motivation for developing accurate, predictive models is twofold: first, to study and discover new treatments for cardiac pathologies which are leading in worldwide morbidity and mortality rates; and second, to screen for adverse drug reactions on the heart, a primary risk in drug development. In addition to in vivo animal models, in vitro and in silico models have been recently proposed to mimic the physiological conditions of heart and vasculature. Here, we describe current in vitro, in vivo, and in silico platforms for modelling healthy and pathological cardiac tissues and their advantages and disadvantages for drug screening and discovery applications. We review the pathophysiology and the underlying pathways of different cardiac diseases, as well as the new tools being developed to facilitate their study. We finally suggest a roadmap for employing these non-animal platforms in assessing drug cardiotoxicity and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Masood Khaksar Toroghi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.
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17
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Hitscherich P, Aphale A, Gordan R, Whitaker R, Singh P, Xie LH, Patra P, Lee EJ. Electroactive graphene composite scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2923-2933. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Hitscherich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; New Jersey Institute of Technology; Newark New Jersey
| | - Ashish Aphale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Bridgeport; Bridgeport Connecticut
| | - Richard Gordan
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Ricardo Whitaker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; New Jersey Institute of Technology; Newark New Jersey
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; University of Connecticut; Hartfort Connecticut
| | - Lai-hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Prabir Patra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Bridgeport; Bridgeport Connecticut
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Bridgeport; Bridgeport Connecticut
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; New Jersey Institute of Technology; Newark New Jersey
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18
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Ariyasinghe NR, Lyra-Leite DM, McCain ML. Engineering cardiac microphysiological systems to model pathological extracellular matrix remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H771-H789. [PMID: 29906229 PMCID: PMC6230901 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00110.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many cardiovascular diseases are associated with pathological remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the myocardium. ECM remodeling is a complex, multifactorial process that often contributes to declines in myocardial function and progression toward heart failure. However, the direct effects of the many forms of ECM remodeling on myocardial cell and tissue function remain elusive, in part because conventional model systems used to investigate these relationships lack robust experimental control over the ECM. To address these shortcomings, microphysiological systems are now being developed and implemented to establish direct relationships between distinct features in the ECM and myocardial function with unprecedented control and resolution in vitro. In this review, we will first highlight the most prominent characteristics of ECM remodeling in cardiovascular disease and describe how these features can be mimicked with synthetic and natural biomaterials that offer independent control over multiple ECM-related parameters, such as rigidity and composition. We will then detail innovative microfabrication techniques that enable precise regulation of cellular architecture in two and three dimensions. We will also describe new approaches for quantifying multiple aspects of myocardial function in vitro, such as contractility, action potential propagation, and metabolism. Together, these collective technologies implemented as cardiac microphysiological systems will continue to uncover important relationships between pathological ECM remodeling and myocardial cell and tissue function, leading to new fundamental insights into cardiovascular disease, improved human disease models, and novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nethika R Ariyasinghe
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Davi M Lyra-Leite
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
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19
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Arab W, Rauf S, Al-Harbi O, Hauser CAE. Novel ultrashort self-assembling peptide bioinks for 3D culture of muscle myoblast cells. Int J Bioprint 2018; 4:129. [PMID: 33102913 PMCID: PMC7582005 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v4i2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of skeletal muscle to self-repair after a traumatic injury, tumor ablation, or muscular disease is slow and limited, and the capacity of skeletal muscle to self-regenerate declines steeply with age. Tissue engineering of functional skeletal muscle using 3D bioprinting technology is promising for creating tissue constructs that repair and promote regeneration of damaged tissue. Hydrogel scaffolds used as biomaterials for skeletal muscle tissue engineering can provide chemical, physical and mechanical cues to the cells in three dimensions thus promoting regeneration. Herein, we have developed two synthetically designed novel tetramer peptide biomaterials. These peptides are self-assembling into a nanofibrous 3D network, entrapping 99.9% water and mimicking the native collagen of an extracellular matrix. Different biocompatibility assays including MTT, 3D cell viability assay, cytotoxicity assay and live-dead assay confirm the biocompatibility of these peptide hydrogels for mouse myoblast cells (C2C12). Immunofluorescence analysis of cell-laden hydrogels revealed that the proliferation of C2C12 cells was well-aligned in the peptide hydrogels compared to the alginategelatin control. These results indicate that these peptide hydrogels are suitable for skeletal muscle tissue engineering. Finally, we tested the printability of the peptide bioinks using a commercially available 3D bioprinter. The ability to print these hydrogels will enable future development of 3D bioprinted scaffolds containing skeletal muscle myoblasts for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Arab
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sakandar Rauf
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Al-Harbi
- Electron Microscopy, Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, KSA
| | - Charlotte A. E. Hauser
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Microenvironmental Modulation of Calcium Wave Propagation Velocity in Engineered Cardiac Tissues. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:337-352. [PMID: 31719889 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the myocardium, rapid propagation of action potentials and subsequent calcium waves is critical for synchronizing the contraction of cardiac myocytes and maximizing cardiac output. In many pathological settings, diverse remodeling of the tissue microenvironment is correlated with arrhythmias and decreased cardiac output, but the precise impact of tissue remodeling on propagation is not completely understood. Our objective was to delineate how multiple features within the cardiac tissue microenvironment modulate propagation velocity. Methods To recapitulate diverse myocardial tissue microenvironments, we engineered substrates with tunable elasticity, patterning, composition, and topography using two formulations of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropatterned with fibronectin and gelatin hydrogels with flat or micromolded features. We cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes on these substrates and quantified cell density, tissue alignment, and cell shape. We used a fluorescent calcium indicator, high-speed microscopy, and newly-developed analysis software to record and quantify calcium wave propagation velocity (CPV). Results For all substrates, tissue alignment and cell aspect ratio were higher in aligned compared to isotropic tissues. Isotropic CPV and longitudinal CPV were similar across conditions, but transverse CPV was lower on micromolded gelatin hydrogels compared to micropatterned soft and stiff PDMS. In aligned tissues, the anisotropy ratio of CPV (longitudinal CPV/transverse CPV) was lower on micropatterned soft PDMS compared to micropatterned stiff PDMS and micromolded gelatin hydrogels. Conclusion Propagation velocity in engineered cardiac tissues is sensitive to features in the tissue microenvironment, such as alignment, matrix elasticity, and matrix topography, which may underlie arrhythmias in conditions with pathological tissue remodeling.
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21
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Gouveia PJ, Rosa S, Ricotti L, Abecasis B, Almeida HV, Monteiro L, Nunes J, Carvalho FS, Serra M, Luchkin S, Kholkin AL, Alves PM, Oliveira PJ, Carvalho R, Menciassi A, das Neves RP, Ferreira LS. Flexible nanofilms coated with aligned piezoelectric microfibers preserve the contractility of cardiomyocytes. Biomaterials 2017. [PMID: 28622605 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of engineered cardiac tissue for high-throughput drug screening/toxicology assessment remains largely unexplored. Here we propose a scaffold that mimics aspects of cardiac extracellular matrix while preserving the contractility of cardiomyocytes. The scaffold is based on a poly(caprolactone) (PCL) nanofilm with magnetic properties (MNF, standing for magnetic nanofilm) coated with a layer of piezoelectric (PIEZO) microfibers of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (MNF+PIEZO). The nanofilm creates a flexible support for cell contraction and the aligned PIEZO microfibers deposited on top of the nanofilm creates conditions for cell alignment and electrical stimulation of the seeded cells. Our results indicate that MNF+PIEZO scaffold promotes rat and human cardiac cell attachment and alignment, maintains the ratio of cell populations overtime, promotes cell-cell communication and metabolic maturation, and preserves cardiomyocyte (CM) contractility for at least 12 days. The engineered cardiac construct showed high toxicity against doxorubicin, a cardiotoxic molecule, and responded to compounds that modulate CM contraction such as epinephrine, propranolol and heptanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- P José Gouveia
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Rosa
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant' Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera (PI), Italy
| | - B Abecasis
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biologica António Xavier, New University of Lisbon, Av. da Republica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - H V Almeida
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L Monteiro
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Nunes
- Center for Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - F Sofia Carvalho
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Serra
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biologica António Xavier, New University of Lisbon, Av. da Republica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - S Luchkin
- CICECO - Materials Institute of Aveiro & Physics Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Leonidovitch Kholkin
- CICECO - Materials Institute of Aveiro & Physics Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - P Marques Alves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biologica António Xavier, New University of Lisbon, Av. da Republica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - P Jorge Oliveira
- Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Menciassi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant' Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera (PI), Italy
| | - R Pires das Neves
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L Silva Ferreira
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
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22
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Chrobak MO, Hansen KJ, Gershlak JR, Vratsanos M, Kanellias M, Gaudette GR, Pins GD. Design of a Fibrin Microthread-Based Composite Layer for Use in a Cardiac Patch. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1394-1403. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan O. Chrobak
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Katrina J. Hansen
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Joshua R. Gershlak
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Maria Vratsanos
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900
Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Marianne Kanellias
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Glenn R. Gaudette
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - George D. Pins
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
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23
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Klimas A, Ambrosi CM, Yu J, Williams JC, Bien H, Entcheva E. OptoDyCE as an automated system for high-throughput all-optical dynamic cardiac electrophysiology. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11542. [PMID: 27161419 PMCID: PMC4866323 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The improvement of preclinical cardiotoxicity testing, discovery of new ion-channel-targeted drugs, and phenotyping and use of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and other biologics all necessitate high-throughput (HT), cellular-level electrophysiological interrogation tools. Optical techniques for actuation and sensing provide instant parallelism, enabling contactless dynamic HT testing of cells and small-tissue constructs, not affordable by other means. Here we show, computationally and experimentally, the limits of all-optical electrophysiology when applied to drug testing, then implement and validate OptoDyCE, a fully automated system for all-optical cardiac electrophysiology. We validate optical actuation by virally introducing optogenetic drivers in rat and human cardiomyocytes or through the modular use of dedicated light-sensitive somatic ‘spark' cells. We show that this automated all-optical approach provides HT means of cellular interrogation, that is, allows for dynamic testing of >600 multicellular samples or compounds per hour, and yields high-content information about the action of a drug over time, space and doses. The efficiency of preclinical drug testing and characterization of cellular function can be improved through the use of optogenetic tools. Here Klimas et al. present and validate OptoDyCE, a fully automated system for all-optical high-throughput cardiac electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Klimas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Christina M Ambrosi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jinzhu Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - John C Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Harold Bien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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24
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Aratyn-Schaus Y, Pasqualini FS, Yuan H, McCain ML, Ye GJC, Sheehy SP, Campbell PH, Parker KK. Coupling primary and stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in an in vitro model of cardiac cell therapy. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:389-97. [PMID: 26858266 PMCID: PMC4754718 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201508026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of cardiac cell therapy depends on the integration of existing and newly formed cardiomyocytes. Here, we developed a minimal in vitro model of this interface by engineering two cell microtissues (μtissues) containing mouse cardiomyocytes, representing spared myocardium after injury, and cardiomyocytes generated from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, to model newly formed cells. We demonstrated that weaker stem cell-derived myocytes coupled with stronger myocytes to support synchronous contraction, but this arrangement required focal adhesion-like structures near the cell-cell junction that degrade force transmission between cells. Moreover, we developed a computational model of μtissue mechanics to demonstrate that a reduction in isometric tension is sufficient to impair force transmission across the cell-cell boundary. Together, our in vitro and in silico results suggest that mechanotransductive mechanisms may contribute to the modest functional benefits observed in cell-therapy studies by regulating the amount of contractile force effectively transmitted at the junction between newly formed and spared myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Aratyn-Schaus
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Francesco S Pasqualini
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Megan L McCain
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - George J C Ye
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Sean P Sheehy
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Patrick H Campbell
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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25
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Maturing human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in human engineered cardiac tissues. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:110-34. [PMID: 25956564 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Engineering functional human cardiac tissue that mimics the native adult morphological and functional phenotype has been a long held objective. In the last 5 years, the field of cardiac tissue engineering has transitioned from cardiac tissues derived from various animal species to the production of the first generation of human engineered cardiac tissues (hECTs), due to recent advances in human stem cell biology. Despite this progress, the hECTs generated to date remain immature relative to the native adult myocardium. In this review, we focus on the maturation challenge in the context of hECTs, the present state of the art, and future perspectives in terms of regenerative medicine, drug discovery, preclinical safety testing and pathophysiological studies.
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26
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Neo M, Morris DG, Kuklik P, Lau DH, Dimitri H, Lim WW, Sanders P, Saint DA. Simultaneous conduction mapping and intracellular membrane potential recording in isolated atria. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:563-9. [PMID: 26771118 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel approach for simultaneously determining regional differences in action potential (AP) morphology and tissue electrophysiological properties in isolated atria. The epicardial surface of rat atrial preparations was placed in contact with a multi-electrode array (9 × 10 silver chloride electrodes, 0.1 mm diameter and 0.1 mm pitch). A glass microelectrode (100 MΩ) was simultaneously inserted into the endocardial surface to record intracellular AP from either of 2 regions (A, B) during pacing from 2 opposite corners of the tissue. AP duration at 80% of repolarisation and its restitution curve was significantly different only in region A (p < 0.01) when AP was initiated at different stimulation sites. Alternans in AP duration and AP amplitude, and in conduction velocity were observed during 2 separate arrhythmic episodes. This approach of combining microelectrode array and intracellular membrane potential recording may provide new insights into arrhythmogenic mechanisms in animal models of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Neo
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David G Morris
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Pawel Kuklik
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dennis H Lau
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hany Dimitri
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Wei-Wen Lim
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David A Saint
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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27
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Matrone G, Maqsood S, Taylor J, Mullins JJ, Tucker CS, Denvir MA. Targeted laser ablation of the zebrafish larval heart induces models of heart block, valvular regurgitation, and outflow tract obstruction. Zebrafish 2015; 11:536-41. [PMID: 25272304 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2014.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian models of cardiac disease have provided unique and important insights into human disease but have become increasingly challenging to produce. The zebrafish could provide inexpensive high-throughput models of cardiac injury and repair. We used a highly targeted laser, synchronized to fire at specific phases of the cardiac cycle, to induce regional injury to the ventricle, atrioventricular (AV) cushion, and bulbus arteriosus (BA). We assessed the impact of laser injury on hearts of zebrafish early larvae at 72 h postfertilization, to different regions, recording the effects on ejection fraction (EF), heart rate (HR), and blood flow at 2 and 24 h postinjury (hpi). Laser injury to the apex, midzone, and outflow regions of the ventricle resulted in reductions of the ventricle EF at 2 hpi with full recovery of function by 24 hpi. Laser injury to the ventricle, close to the AV cushion, was more likely to cause bradycardia and atrial-ventricular dysfunction, suggestive of an electrical conduction block. At 2 hpi, direct injury to the AV cushion resulted in marked regurgitation of blood from the ventricle to the atrium. Laser injury to the BA caused temporary outflow tract obstruction with cessation of ventricle contraction and circulation. Despite such damage, 80% of embryos showed complete recovery of the HR and function within 24 h of laser injury. Precision laser injury to key structures in the zebrafish developing heart provides a range of potentially useful models of hemodynamic overload, injury, and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Matrone
- 1 British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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28
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Blazeski A, Kostecki GM, Tung L. Engineered heart slices for electrophysiological and contractile studies. Biomaterials 2015; 55:119-28. [PMID: 25934457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A major consideration in the design of engineered cardiac tissues for the faithful representation of physiological behavior is the recapitulation of the complex topography and biochemistry of native tissue. In this study we present engineered heart slices (EHS), which consist of neonatal rat ventricular cells (NRVCs) seeded onto thin slices of decellularized cardiac tissue that retain important aspects of native extracellular matrix (ECM). To form EHS, rat or pig ventricular tissue was sectioned into 300 μm-thick, 5 to 16 mm-diameter disks, which were subsequently decellularized using detergents, spread on coverslips, and seeded with NRVCs. The organized fiber structure of the ECM remained after decellularization and promoted cell elongation and alignment, resulting in an anisotropic, functional tissue that could be electrically paced. Contraction decreased at higher pacing rates, and optical mapping revealed electrical conduction that was anisotropic with a ratio of approximately 2.0, rate-dependent shortening of the action potential and slowing of conduction, and slowing of conduction by the sodium channel blocker lidocaine. Reentrant arrhythmias could also be pace-induced and terminated. EHS constitute an attractive in vitro cardiac tissue in which cardiac cells are cultured on thin slices of decellularized cardiac ECM that provide important biochemical, structural, and mechanical cues absent in traditional cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Blazeski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Geran M Kostecki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leslie Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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29
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Chen Y, Wang J, Shen B, Chan CWY, Wang C, Zhao Y, Chan HN, Tian Q, Chen Y, Yao C, Hsing IM, Li RA, Wu H. Engineering a Freestanding Biomimetic Cardiac Patch Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and Human Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Ventricular Cardiomyocytes (hESC-VCMs). Macromol Biosci 2014; 15:426-36. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Junping Wang
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
- Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Camie W. Y. Chan
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
- Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Chaoyi Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Yihua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Ho N. Chan
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Qian Tian
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Yangfan Chen
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Chunlei Yao
- Division of Biomedical Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - I-Ming Hsing
- Division of Biomedical Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Ronald A. Li
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
- Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
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30
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Li H, Robini MC, Yang F, Magnin I, Zhu Y. Cardiac fiber unfolding by semidefinite programming. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2014; 62:582-92. [PMID: 25291787 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2014.2360797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion-tensor imaging allows noninvasive assessment of the myocardial fiber architecture, which is fundamental in understanding the mechanics of the heart. In this context, tractography techniques are often used for representing and visualizing cardiac fibers, but their output is only qualitative. We introduce here a new framework toward a more quantitative description of the cardiac fiber architecture from tractography results. The proposed approach consists in taking three-dimensional (3-D) fiber tracts as inputs, and then unfolding these fibers in the Euclidean plane under local isometry constraints using semidefinite programming. The solution of the unfolding problem takes the form of a Gram matrix which defines the two-dimensional (2-D) embedding of the fibers and whose spectrum provides quantitative information on their organization. Experiments on synthetic and real data show that unfolding makes it easier to observe and to study the cardiac fiber architecture. Our conclusion is that 2-D embedding of cardiac fibers is a promising approach to supplement 3-D rendering for understanding the functioning of the heart.
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31
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Şenel Ayaz HG, Perets A, Ayaz H, Gilroy KD, Govindaraj M, Brookstein D, Lelkes PI. Textile-templated electrospun anisotropic scaffolds for regenerative cardiac tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2014; 35:8540-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Bajaj P, Rivera JA, Marchwiany D, Solovyeva V, Bashir R. Graphene-based patterning and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:995-1000. [PMID: 24352858 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at generating highly aligned functional myotubes using graphene as the underlying scaffold. Graphene not only supports the growth of C2C12 muscle cells but also enhances its differentiation and leads to spontaneous patterning of myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Bajaj
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Jose A. Rivera
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Daniel Marchwiany
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Vita Solovyeva
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
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33
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Nakayama KH, Hou L, Huang NF. Role of extracellular matrix signaling cues in modulating cell fate commitment for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:628-41. [PMID: 24443420 PMCID: PMC4031033 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It is generally agreed that engineered cardiovascular tissues require cellular interactions with the local milieu. Within the microenvironment, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important support structure that provides dynamic signaling cues in part through its chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. In response to ECM factors, cells activate biochemical and mechanotransduction pathways that modulate their survival, growth, migration, differentiation, and function. This Review describes the role of ECM chemical composition, spatial patterning, and mechanical stimulation in the specification of cardiovascular lineages, with a focus on stem cell differentiation, direct transdifferentiation, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The translational application of ECMs is discussed in the context of cardiovascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina H Nakayama
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, G1120, MC-5454, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Mail Code 153, Palo Alto, CA, 94304 60031l, 650-493-5000, USA
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34
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Bian W, Jackman CP, Bursac N. Controlling the structural and functional anisotropy of engineered cardiac tissues. Biofabrication 2014; 6:024109-24109. [PMID: 24717534 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/2/024109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the degree of structural and functional anisotropy in 3D engineered cardiac tissues would have high utility for both in vitro studies of cardiac muscle physiology and pathology as well as potential tissue engineering therapies for myocardial infarction. Here, we applied a high aspect ratio soft lithography technique to generate network-like tissue patches seeded with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Fabricating longer elliptical pores within the patch networks increased the overall cardiomyocyte and extracellular matrix alignment within the patch. Improved uniformity of cell and matrix alignment yielded an increase in anisotropy of action potential propagation and faster longitudinal conduction velocity (LCV). Cardiac tissue patches with a higher degree of cardiomyocyte alignment and electrical anisotropy also demonstrated greater isometric twitch forces. After two weeks of culture, specific measures of electrical and contractile function (LCV = 26.8 ± 0.8 cm s(-1), specific twitch force = 8.9 ± 1.1 mN mm(-2) for the longest pores studied) were comparable to those of neonatal rat myocardium. We have thus described methodology for engineering of highly functional 3D engineered cardiac tissues with controllable degree of anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bian
- Department of Anesthesia and Medicine and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - C P Jackman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - N Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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35
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Hsieh HY, Camci-Unal G, Huang TW, Liao R, Chen TJ, Paul A, Tseng FG, Khademhosseini A. Gradient static-strain stimulation in a microfluidic chip for 3D cellular alignment. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:482-93. [PMID: 24253194 PMCID: PMC4040516 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50884f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell alignment is a critical factor to govern cellular behavior and function for various tissue engineering applications ranging from cardiac to neural regeneration. In addition to physical geometry, strain is a crucial parameter to manipulate cellular alignment for functional tissue formation. In this paper, we introduce a simple approach to generate a range of gradient static strains without external mechanical control for the stimulation of cellular behavior within 3D biomimetic hydrogel microenvironments. A glass-supported microfluidic chip with a convex flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane on the top was employed for loading the cells suspended in a prepolymer solution. Following UV crosslinking through a photomask with a concentric circular pattern, the cell-laden hydrogels were formed in a height gradient from the center (maximum) to the boundary (minimum). When the convex PDMS membrane retracted back to a flat surface, it applied compressive gradient forces on the cell-laden hydrogels. The concentric circular hydrogel patterns confined the direction of hydrogel elongation, and the compressive strain on the hydrogel therefore resulted in elongation stretch in the radial direction to guide cell alignment. NIH3T3 cells were cultured in the chip for 3 days with compressive strains that varied from ~65% (center) to ~15% (boundary) on hydrogels. We found that the hydrogel geometry dominated the cell alignment near the outside boundary, where cells aligned along the circular direction, and the compressive strain dominated the cell alignment near the center, where cells aligned radially. This study developed a new and simple approach to facilitate cellular alignment based on hydrogel geometry and strain stimulation for tissue engineering applications. This platform offers unique advantages and is significantly different from the existing approaches owing to the fact that gradient generation was accomplished in a miniature device without using an external mechanical source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Hsieh
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems (NEMS), National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan R.O.C
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tsu-Wei Huang
- Department of Engineering and System, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ronglih Liao
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tsung-Ju Chen
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems (NEMS), National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Arghya Paul
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems (NEMS), National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan R.O.C
- Department of Engineering and System, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan R.O.C
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan R.O.C
- Corresponding Author Footnote: Dr. Ali Khademhosseini, PhD, Associate Professor, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Tel: 617-388-9271, . Dr. Fan-Gang Tseng, PhD, Professor, Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan R.O.C., Tel: +886-3-5715131-34270, Fax: +886-3-5720724,
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding Author Footnote: Dr. Ali Khademhosseini, PhD, Associate Professor, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Tel: 617-388-9271, . Dr. Fan-Gang Tseng, PhD, Professor, Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan R.O.C., Tel: +886-3-5715131-34270, Fax: +886-3-5720724,
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36
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Fu SW, Chien HW, Tsai WB. Fabrication of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) films containing submicrometer grooves for constructing aligned cell sheets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:14351-14355. [PMID: 24206434 DOI: 10.1021/la403129c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of cell sheets including an intact extracellular matrix is one tissue-engineering strategy for tissue regeneration. Temperature-responsive substrates based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) have been used to harvest intact cell sheets by temperature change. In this work, we immobilized PNIPAAm on plastic substrates by a UV-activated azide-based cross-linking mechanism. We demonstrated that the UV-cross-linked PNIPAAm films could respond to temperature changes and be used for cell-sheet fabrication. Next, grooved PNIPAAm substrates were fabricated by imprinting from grooved poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) molds (800 nm in groove width and 500 nm in depth). C2C12 cells formed aligned cell sheets on the grooved PNIPAAm surface. The aligned cell sheet could be transferred to a gelatin substrate without losing cell alignment. We expect that this simple time-saving technique for the fabrication of grooved PNIPAAm substrates will benefit from the application of cellular alignment in tissue-engineering products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Wei Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Wang JX, Lei Q, Luo GF, Cai TT, Li JL, Cheng SX, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. Controlled arrays of self-assembled peptide nanostructures in solution and at interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6996-7004. [PMID: 23663135 DOI: 10.1021/la4010714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the formation of large and homogeneous arrays of bionanostructures through the self-assembly approach is still a great challenge. Here, we report the spontaneous formation of highly ordered arrays based on aligned peptide nanostructures in a solution as well as at an interface by self-assembly. By controlling the time and temperature of self-assembly in the solution, parallel fibrous alignments and more sophisticated two-dimensional "knitted" fibrous arrays could be formed from aligned rod-like fibers. During the formation of such arrays, the "disorder-to-order" transitions are controlled by the temperature-responsible motile short hydrophobic tails of the gemini-like amphiphilic peptides (GAPs) with asymmetric molecular conformation. In addition, the resulting long-range-ordered "knitted" fibrous arrays are able to direct mineralization of calcium phosphate to form organic-inorganic composite materials. In this study, the self-assembly behavior of these peptide building blocks at an interface was also studied. Highly ordered spatial arrays with vertically or horizontally aligned nanostructures such as nanofibers, microfibers, and microtubes could be formed through interfacial assembly. The regular structures and their alignments on the interface are controlled by the alkyl chain length of building blocks and the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity property of the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P R China
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Abstract
The voltage-gated Na+ channel is a critical determinant of the action potential (AP) upstroke. Increasing Na+ conductance may speed AP propagation. In this study, we propose use of the skeletal muscle Na+ channel SkM1 as a more favorable gene than the cardiac isoform SCN5A to enhance conduction velocity in depolarized cardiac tissue. We used cells that electrically coupled with cardiac myocytes as a delivery platform to introduce the Na+ channels. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells were stably transfected with SkM1 or SCN5A. SkM1 had a more depolarized (18 mV shift) inactivation curve than SCN5A. We also found that SkM1 recovered faster from inactivation than SCN5A. When coupled with SkM1 expressing cells, cultured myocytes showed an increase in the dV/dtmax of the AP. Expression of SCN5A had no such effect. In an in vitro cardiac syncytium, coculture of neonatal cardiac myocytes with SkM1 expressing but not SCN5A expressing cells significantly increased the conduction velocity under both normal and depolarized conditions. In an in vitro reentry model induced by high-frequency stimulation, expression of SkM1 also enhanced angular velocity of the induced reentry. These results suggest that cells carrying a Na+ channel with a more depolarized inactivation curve can improve cardiac excitability and conduction in depolarized tissues.
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Sheehy SP, Grosberg A, Parker KK. The contribution of cellular mechanotransduction to cardiomyocyte form and function. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2012; 11:1227-39. [PMID: 22772714 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-012-0419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial development is regulated by an elegantly choreographed ensemble of signaling events mediated by a multitude of intermediates that take a variety of forms. Cellular differentiation and maturation are a subset of vertically integrated processes that extend over several spatial and temporal scales to create a well-defined collective of cells that are able to function cooperatively and reliably at the organ level. Early efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms of cardiomyocyte fate determination focused primarily on genetic and chemical mediators of this process. However, increasing evidence suggests that mechanical interactions between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell surface receptors as well as physical interactions between neighboring cells play important roles in regulating the signaling pathways controlling the developmental processes of the heart. Interdisciplinary efforts have made it apparent that the influence of the ECM on cellular behavior occurs through a multitude of physical mechanisms, such as ECM boundary conditions, elasticity, and the propagation of mechanical signals to intracellular compartments, such as the nucleus. In addition to experimental studies, a number of mathematical models have been developed that attempt to capture the interplay between cells and their local microenvironment and the influence these interactions have on cellular self-assembly and functional behavior. Nevertheless, many questions remain unanswered concerning the mechanism through which physical interactions between cardiomyocytes and their environment are translated into biochemical cellular responses and how these signaling modalities can be utilized in vitro to fabricate myocardial tissue constructs from stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes that more faithfully represent their in vivo counterpart. These studies represent a broad effort to characterize biological form as a conduit for information transfer that spans the nanometer length scale of proteins to the meter length scale of the patient and may yield new insights into the contribution of mechanotransduction into heart development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Sheehy
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall Rm. 321, 29 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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40
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Normal and abnormal development of the cardiac conduction system; implications for conduction and rhythm disorders in the child and adult. Differentiation 2012; 84:131-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Cardiac cellular coupling and the spread of early instabilities in intracellular Ca2+. Biophys J 2012; 102:1294-302. [PMID: 22455912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental and modeling studies demonstrate the fine spatial scale, complex nature, and independent contribution of Ca(2+) dynamics as a proarrhythmic factor in the heart. The mechanism of progression of cell-level Ca(2+) instabilities, known as alternans, to tissue-level arrhythmias is not well understood. Because gap junction coupling dictates cardiac syncytial properties, we set out to elucidate its role in the spatiotemporal evolution of Ca(2+) instabilities. We experimentally perturbed cellular coupling in cardiac syncytium in vitro. Coupling was quantified by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and related to function, including subtle fine-scale Ca(2+) alternans, captured by optical mapping. Conduction velocity and threshold for alternans monotonically increased with coupling. Lower coupling enhanced Ca(2+) alternans amplitude, but the spatial spread of early (<2 Hz) alternation was the greatest under intermediate (not low) coupling. This nonmonotonic relationship was closely matched by the percent of samples exhibiting large-scale alternans at higher pacing rates. Computer modeling corroborated these experimental findings for strong but not weak electromechanical (voltage-Ca(2+)) coupling, and offered mechanistic insight. In conclusion, using experimental and modeling approaches, we reveal a general mechanism for the spatial spread of subtle cellular Ca(2+) alternans that relies on a combination of gap-junctional and voltage-Ca(2+) coupling.
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Jia Z, Valiunas V, Lu Z, Bien H, Liu H, Wang HZ, Rosati B, Brink PR, Cohen IS, Entcheva E. Stimulating cardiac muscle by light: cardiac optogenetics by cell delivery. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2011; 4:753-60. [PMID: 21828312 DOI: 10.1161/circep.111.964247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the recent cloning of light-sensitive ion channels and their expression in mammalian cells, a new field, optogenetics, emerged in neuroscience, allowing for precise perturbations of neural circuits by light. However, functionality of optogenetic tools has not been fully explored outside neuroscience, and a nonviral, nonembryogenesis-based strategy for optogenetics has not been shown before. METHODS AND RESULTS We demonstrate the utility of optogenetics to cardiac muscle by a tandem cell unit (TCU) strategy, in which nonexcitable cells carry exogenous light-sensitive ion channels, and, when electrically coupled to cardiomyocytes, produce optically excitable heart tissue. A stable channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2)-expressing cell line was developed, characterized, and used as a cell delivery system. The TCU strategy was validated in vitro in cell pairs with adult canine myocytes (for a wide range of coupling strengths) and in cardiac syncytium with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. For the first time, we combined optical excitation and optical imaging to capture light-triggered muscle contractions and high-resolution propagation maps of light-triggered electric waves, found to be quantitatively indistinguishable from electrically triggered waves. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate feasibility to control excitation and contraction in cardiac muscle by light, using the TCU approach. Optical pacing in this case uses less energy, offers superior spatiotemporal control and remote access and can serve not only as an elegant tool in arrhythmia research but may form the basis for a new generation of light-driven cardiac pacemakers and muscle actuators. The TCU strategy is extendable to (nonviral) stem cell therapy and is directly relevant to in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8181, USA
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Orlova Y, Magome N, Liu L, Chen Y, Agladze K. Electrospun nanofibers as a tool for architecture control in engineered cardiac tissue. Biomaterials 2011; 32:5615-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mechanotransduction: the role of mechanical stress, myocyte shape, and cytoskeletal architecture on cardiac function. Pflugers Arch 2011; 462:89-104. [PMID: 21499986 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-011-0951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction refers to the conversion of mechanical forces into biochemical or electrical signals that initiate structural and functional remodeling in cells and tissues. The heart is a kinetic organ whose form changes considerably during development and disease, requiring cardiac myocytes to be mechanically durable and capable of fusing a variety of environmental signals on different time scales. During physiological growth, myocytes adaptively remodel to mechanical loads. Pathological stimuli can induce maladaptive remodeling. In both of these conditions, the cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in both sensing mechanical stress and mediating structural remodeling and functional responses within the myocyte.
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Pirlo RK, Ma Z, Sweeney A, Liu H, Yun JX, Peng X, Yuan X, Guo GX, Gao BZ. Laser-guided cell micropatterning system. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:013708. [PMID: 21280838 PMCID: PMC3045411 DOI: 10.1063/1.3529919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Employing optical force, our laser-guided cell micropatterning system, is capable of patterning different cell types onto and within standard cell research devices, including commercially available multielectrode arrays (MEAs) with glass culture rings, 35 mm Petri dishes, and microdevices microfabricated with polydimethylsiloxane on 22 mm × 22 mm cover glasses. We discuss the theory of optical forces for generating laser guidance and the calculation of optimal beam characteristics for cell guidance. We describe the hardware design and software program for the cell patterning system. Finally, we demonstrate the capabilities of the system by (1) patterning neurons to form an arbitrary pattern, (2) patterning neurons onto the electrodes of a standard MEA, and (3) patterning and aligning adult cardiomyocytes in a polystyrene Petri dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell K Pirlo
- Department of Bioengineering, COMSET, Clemson University, South Carolina 29634, USA
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46
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Bajaj P, Reddy B, Millet L, Wei C, Zorlutuna P, Bao G, Bashir R. Patterning the differentiation of C2C12 skeletal myoblasts. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:897-909. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ib00058f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Chung CY, Bien H, Sobie EA, Dasari V, McKinnon D, Rosati B, Entcheva E. Hypertrophic phenotype in cardiac cell assemblies solely by structural cues and ensuing self-organization. FASEB J 2010; 25:851-62. [PMID: 21084696 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-168625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models of cardiac hypertrophy focus exclusively on applying "external" dynamic signals (electrical, mechanical, and chemical) to achieve a hypertrophic state. In contrast, here we set out to demonstrate the role of "self-organized" cellular architecture and activity in reprogramming cardiac cell/tissue function toward a hypertrophic phenotype. We report that in neonatal rat cardiomyocyte culture, subtle out-of-plane microtopographic cues alter cell attachment, increase biomechanical stresses, and induce not only structural remodeling, but also yield essential molecular and electrophysiological signatures of hypertrophy. Increased cell size and cell binucleation, molecular up-regulation of released atrial natriuretic peptide, altered expression of classic hypertrophy markers, ion channel remodeling, and corresponding changes in electrophysiological function indicate a state of hypertrophy on par with other in vitro and in vivo models. Clinically used antihypertrophic pharmacological treatments partially reversed hypertrophic behavior in this in vitro model. Partial least-squares regression analysis, combining gene expression and functional data, yielded clear separation of phenotypes (control: cells grown on flat surfaces; hypertrophic: cells grown on quasi-3-dimensional surfaces and treated). In summary, structural surface features can guide cardiac cell attachment, and the subsequent syncytial behavior can facilitate trophic signals, unexpectedly on par with externally applied mechanical, electrical, and chemical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-yin Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8181, USA
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48
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de Diego C, Chen F, Xie Y, Pai RK, Slavin L, Parker J, Lamp ST, Qu Z, Weiss JN, Valderrábano M. Anisotropic conduction block and reentry in neonatal rat ventricular myocyte monolayers. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 300:H271-8. [PMID: 21037233 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00758.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anisotropy can lead to unidirectional conduction block that initiates reentry. We analyzed the mechanisms in patterned anisotropic neonatal rat ventricular myocyte monolayers. Voltage and intracellular Ca (Ca(i)) were optically mapped under the following conditions: extrastimulus (S1S2) testing and/or tetrodotoxin (TTX) to suppress Na current availability; heptanol to reduce gap junction conductance; and incremental rapid pacing. In anisotropic monolayers paced at 2 Hz, conduction velocity (CV) was faster longitudinally than transversely, with an anisotropy ratio [AR = CV(L)/CV(T), where CV(L) and CV(T) are CV in the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively], averaging 2.1 ± 0.8. Interventions decreasing Na current availability, such as S1S2 pacing and TTX, slowed CV(L) and CV(T) proportionately, without changing the AR. Conduction block preferentially occurred longitudinal to fiber direction, commonly initiating reentry. Interventions that decreased gap junction conductance, such as heptanol, decreased CV(T) more than CV(L), increasing the AR and causing preferential transverse conduction block and reentry. Rapid pacing resembled the latter, increasing the AR and promoting transverse conduction block and reentry, which was prevented by the Ca(i) chelator 1,2-bis oaminophenoxy ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA). In contrast to isotropic and uniformly anisotropic monolayers, in which reentrant rotors drifted and self-terminated, bidirectional anisotropy (i.e., an abrupt change in fiber direction exceeding 45°) caused reentry to anchor near the zone of fiber direction change in 77% of monolayers. In anisotropic monolayers, unidirectional conduction block initiating reentry can occur longitudinal or transverse to fiber direction, depending on whether the experimental intervention reduces Na current availability or decreases gap junction conductance, agreeing with theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos de Diego
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Kuklik P, Szumowski L, Sanders P, Zebrowski JJ. Spiral wave breakup in excitable media with an inhomogeneity of conduction anisotropy. Comput Biol Med 2010; 40:775-80. [PMID: 20684951 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Many conditions remodel the heart muscle such that it results in a perturbation of cells coupling. The effect of this perturbation on the stability of the spiral waves of electrochemical activity is not clear. We used the FitzHugh-Nagumo model of an excitable medium to model the conduction of the activation waves in a two-dimensional system with inhomogeneous anisotropy level. Inhomogeneity of the anisotropy level was modeled by adding Gaussian noise to diffusion coefficients corresponding with lateral coupling of the cells. Low noise levels resulted in a stable propagation of the spiral wave. For large noise level conduction was not possible due to insufficient coupling in direction perpendicular to fibers. For intermediate noise intensities, the initial wave broke up into several independent spiral waves or waves circulating around conduction obstacles. At an optimal noise intensity, the number of wavelets was maximized-a form of anti-coherent resonance was obtained. Our results suggest that the inhomogeneity of conduction anisotropy may promote wave breakup and hence play an important role in the initiation and perpetuation of the cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kuklik
- Physics of Complex Systems, Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, Warszawa, Poland.
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50
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Shah U, Bien H, Entcheva E. Microtopographical effects of natural scaffolding on cardiomyocyte function and arrhythmogenesis. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3029-34. [PMID: 20197129 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A natural myocardial patch for heart regeneration derived from porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM) was previously reported to outperform synthetic materials (Dacron and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)) used in current surgical treatments. UBM, an extracellular matrix prepared from urinary bladder, has intricate three-dimensional architecture with two distinct sides: the luminal side with a smoother surface relief; and the abluminal side with a fine mesh of nano- and microfibers. This study tested the ability of this natural scaffold to support functional cardiomyocyte networks, and probed how the local microtopography and composition of the two sides affects cell function. Cardiomyocytes isolated from neonatal rats were seeded in vitro to form cardiac tissue onto luminal (L) or abluminal (Ab) UBM. Immunocytochemistry of contractile cardiac proteins demonstrated growth of cardiomyocyte networks with mature morphology on either side of UBM, but greater cell compactness was seen in L. Fluorescence-based imaging techniques were used to measure dynamic changes in intracellular calcium concentration upon electrical stimulation of L and Ab-grown cells. Functional differences in cardiac tissue grown on the two sides manifested themselves in faster calcium recovery (p<0.04) and greater hysteresis (difference in response to increasing and decreasing pacing rates) for L vs Ab side (p<0.03). These results suggest that surface differences may be leveraged to engineer the desired cardiomyocyte responses and highlight the potential of natural scaffolds for fostering heart repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8181, USA
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