1
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Dusi N, Esposito CM, Delvecchio G, Prunas C, Brambilla P. Case report and systematic review of cerebellar vermis alterations in psychosis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 39:223-231. [PMID: 38266159 PMCID: PMC11136271 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebellar alterations, including both volumetric changes in the cerebellar vermis and dysfunctions of the corticocerebellar connections, have been documented in psychotic disorders. Starting from the clinical observation of a bipolar patient with cerebellar hypoplasia, the purpose of this review is to summarize the data in the literature about the association between hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis and psychotic disorders [schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD)]. METHODS A bibliographic search on PubMed has been conducted, and 18 articles were finally included in the review: five used patients with BD, 12 patients with SCZ and one subject at psychotic risk. RESULTS For SCZ patients and subjects at psychotic risk, the results of most of the reviewed studies seem to suggest a gray matter volume reduction coupled with an increase in white matter volumes in the cerebellar vermis, compared to healthy controls. Instead, the results of the studies on BD patients are more heterogeneous with evidence showing a reduction, no difference or even an increase in cerebellar vermis volume compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS From the results of the reviewed studies, a possible correlation emerged between cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and psychotic disorders, especially SCZ, ultimately supporting the hypothesis of psychotic disorders as neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Dusi
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
| | | | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
| | - Cecilia Prunas
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
- Department of Pathophisiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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2
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Zhou S, Huang Y, Kuang Q, Yan S, Li H, Wu K, Wu F, Huang X. Kynurenine pathway metabolites are associated with gray matter volume in subjects with schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:941479. [PMID: 36016974 PMCID: PMC9395706 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.941479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been growing evidence of the existence of abnormalities in the kynurenine pathway (KP) and structural gray matter volume (GMV) in schizophrenia (SCZ). Numerous studies have suggested that abnormal kynurenine metabolism (KM) in the brain is clearly associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and may be one of the pathological mechanisms of SCZ. In this pilot study, we investigated whether there was a correlation between KP and GMV in schizophrenia patients. METHODS The plasma levels of KM were measured in 41 patients who met the Structured Clinical Interview of the Diagnostic IV criteria for schizophrenia and 60 healthy controls by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and cortical thickness (as measured via magnetic resonance imaging) was obtained. RESULTS Our study showed no statistically significant differences in the concentrations of kynurenine (KYN), tryptophan (TRP), and KYNA/TRP (all p > 0.05), but kynurenic acid (KYNA) and the KYNA/KYN ratio were significantly higher in the schizophrenia subjects than in the healthy controls (F = 4.750, p = 0.032; F = 6.153, p = 0.015, respectively) after controlling for age and sex. Spearman's tests showed that KYN concentrations in SCZ patients were negatively correlated with GMV in the left front cingulate belt (r = -0.325, p = 0.046) and that KYN/TRP was negatively correlated with GMV in the left island (r = -0.396, p = 0.014) and right island (r = -0.385, p = 0.017). CONCLUSION Our findings appear to provide new insights into the predisposition of an imbalance in the relative metabolism of KYN/TRP and KYN to GMV in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiao Zhou
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qijie Kuang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su Yan
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hehua Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingbing Huang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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The power of sample size through a multi-scanner approach in MR neuroimaging regression analysis: evidence from Alzheimer's disease with and without depression. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2019; 42:563-571. [PMID: 31054027 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-019-00758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The inconsistency of volumetric results often seen in MR neuroimaging studies can be partially attributed to small sample sizes and variable data analysis approaches. Increased sample size through multi-scanner studies can tackle the former, but combining data across different scanner platforms and field-strengths may introduce a variability factor capable of masking subtle statistical differences. To investigate the sample size effect on regression analysis between depressive symptoms and grey matter volume (GMV) loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a retrospective multi-scanner investigation was conducted. A cohort of 172 AD patients, with or without comorbid depressive symptoms, was studied. Patients were scanned with different imaging protocols in four different MRI scanners operating at either 1.5 T or 3.0 T. Acquired data were uniformly analyzed using the computational anatomy toolbox (CAT12) of the statistical parametric mapping (SPM12) software. Single- and multi-scanner regression analyses were applied to identify the anatomical pattern of correlation between GM loss and depression severity. A common anatomical pattern of correlation between GMV loss and increased depression severity, mostly involving sensorimotor areas, was identified in all patient subgroups imaged in different scanners. Analysis of the pooled multi-scanner data confirmed the above finding employing a more conservative statistical criterion. In the retrospective multi-scanner setting, a significant correlation was also exhibited for temporal and frontal areas. Increasing the sample size by retrospectively pooling multi-scanner data, irrespective of the acquisition platform and parameters employed, can facilitate the identification of anatomical areas with a strong correlation between GMV changes and depression symptoms in AD patients.
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4
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Brain Structural Networks Associated with Intelligence and Visuomotor Ability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2177. [PMID: 28526888 PMCID: PMC5438383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that multiple structures in the brain are associated with intelligence and cognitive function at the network level. The association between the grey matter (GM) structural network and intelligence and cognition is not well understood. We applied a multivariate approach to identify the pattern of GM and link the structural network to intelligence and cognitive functions. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was acquired from 92 healthy individuals. Source-based morphometry analysis was applied to the imaging data to extract GM structural covariance. We assessed the intelligence, verbal fluency, processing speed, and executive functioning of the participants and further investigated the correlations of the GM structural networks with intelligence and cognitive functions. Six GM structural networks were identified. The cerebello-parietal component and the frontal component were significantly associated with intelligence. The parietal and frontal regions were each distinctively associated with intelligence by maintaining structural networks with the cerebellum and the temporal region, respectively. The cerebellar component was associated with visuomotor ability. Our results support the parieto-frontal integration theory of intelligence by demonstrating how each core region for intelligence works in concert with other regions. In addition, we revealed how the cerebellum is associated with intelligence and cognitive functions.
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5
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Radoeva PD, Bansal R, Antshel KM, Fremont W, Peterson BS, Kates WR. Longitudinal study of cerebral surface morphology in youth with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, and association with positive symptoms of psychosis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2017; 58:305-314. [PMID: 27786353 PMCID: PMC5340081 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic disorder that greatly increases risk of developing schizophrenia. We previously characterized cerebral surface morphology trajectories from late childhood to mid adolescence in a cohort of youth with 22q11DS. Herein, we extend the study period into early adulthood, and describe further the trajectories associated with severe psychiatric symptoms in this cohort. METHODS Participants included 76 youth with 22q11DS and 30 unaffected siblings, assessed at three timepoints, during which high resolution, anatomic magnetic resonance images were acquired. High-dimensional, nonlinear warping algorithms were applied to images in order to derive characteristics of cerebral surface morphology for each participant at each timepoint. Repeated-measures, linear regressions using a mixed model were conducted, while covarying for age and sex. RESULTS Alterations in cerebral surface morphology during late adolescence/early adulthood in individuals with 22q11DS were observed in the lateral frontal, orbitofrontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and cerebellar regions. An Age x Diagnosis interaction revealed that relative to unaffected siblings, individuals with 22q11DS showed age-related surface protrusions in the prefrontal cortex (which remained stable or increased during early adulthood), and surface indentations in posterior regions (which seemed to level off during late adolescence). Symptoms of psychosis were associated with a trajectory of surface indentations in the orbitofrontal and parietal regions. CONCLUSIONS These results advance our understanding of cerebral maturation in individuals with 22q11DS, and provide clinically relevant information about the psychiatric phenotype associated with the longitudinal trajectory of cortical surface morphology in youth with this genetic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petya D. Radoeva
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Ravi Bansal
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin M. Antshel
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Wanda Fremont
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Bradley S. Peterson
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wendy R. Kates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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6
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Womer FY, Tang Y, Harms MP, Bai C, Chang M, Jiang X, Wei S, Wang F, Barch DM. Sexual dimorphism of the cerebellar vermis in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2016; 176:164-170. [PMID: 27401530 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence implicate structural and functional abnormalities in the cerebellum in schizophrenia (SCZ). The cerebellar vermis is of particular interest given its association with clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits in SCZ and its known connections with cortical regions such as the prefrontal cortex. Prior neuroimaging studies have shown structural and functional abnormalities in the vermis in SCZ. In this study, we examined the cerebellar vermis in 50 individuals with SCZ and 54 healthy controls (HC) using a quantitative volumetric approach. All participants underwent high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The vermis was manually traced for each participant, and vermis volumes were computed using semiautomated methods. Volumes for total vermis and vermis subregions (anterior and posterior vermis) were analyzed in the SCZ and HC groups. Significant diagnosis-by-sex interaction effects were found in total vermis and vermis subregion analyses. These effects appeared to be driven by significantly decreased posterior vermis volumes in males with SCZ. Exploratory analyses did not reveal significant effects of clinical variables (FEP status, illness duration, and BPRS total score and subscores) on vermis volumes. The findings herein highlight the presence of neural sex differences in SCZ and the need for considering sex-related factors in studying the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay Y Womer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; The Brain Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Michael P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chuan Bai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; The Brain Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Miao Chang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; The Brain Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; The Brain Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shengnan Wei
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; The Brain Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; The Brain Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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7
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Decreased bilateral thalamic gray matter volume in first-episode schizophrenia with prominent hallucinatory symptoms: A volumetric MRI study. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14505. [PMID: 26403064 PMCID: PMC4585923 DOI: 10.1038/srep14505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies comparing gray matter (GM) volume of schizophrenic patients with or without auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) to that of normal controls remain controversial. This project aims to investigate changes of GM volumes of drug-naïve schizophrenic patients with and without AVHs. Eighteen first episode schizophrenic (FES) patients with AVHs, 18 FES patients without AVHs, and 18 healthy controls were scanned using structural MRI. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was conducted to investigate changes of GM volume among the three groups. Patients with and without AVHs exhibited reduced GM volumes relative to normal controls in the left superior temporal gyrus, frontal regions, cerebellum and caudate. Further analysis of the GM of subcortical structures found that patients with AVHs had reduced thalamic volume than healthy controls. No significant difference was found between patients with and without AVHs. Significant correlation was found between the total scores of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and bilateral thalamic volume. ROC analysis of thalamic volumes of the patients with AVHs and normal controls showed that the area under the curve was 0.698 (P = 0.043). The decreased thalamic volumes might serve as a biomarker for discriminating FES AVHs patients from normals.
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Gupta CN, Calhoun VD, Rachakonda S, Chen J, Patel V, Liu J, Segall J, Franke B, Zwiers MP, Arias-Vasquez A, Buitelaar J, Fisher SE, Fernandez G, van Erp TGM, Potkin S, Ford J, Mathalon D, McEwen S, Lee HJ, Mueller BA, Greve DN, Andreassen O, Agartz I, Gollub RL, Sponheim SR, Ehrlich S, Wang L, Pearlson G, Glahn DC, Sprooten E, Mayer AR, Stephen J, Jung RE, Canive J, Bustillo J, Turner JA. Patterns of Gray Matter Abnormalities in Schizophrenia Based on an International Mega-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:1133-42. [PMID: 25548384 PMCID: PMC4535628 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Analyses of gray matter concentration (GMC) deficits in patients with schizophrenia (Sz) have identified robust changes throughout the cortex. We assessed the relationships between diagnosis, overall symptom severity, and patterns of gray matter in the largest aggregated structural imaging dataset to date. We performed both source-based morphometry (SBM) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses on GMC images from 784 Sz and 936 controls (Ct) across 23 scanning sites in Europe and the United States. After correcting for age, gender, site, and diagnosis by site interactions, SBM analyses showed 9 patterns of diagnostic differences. They comprised separate cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions. Seven patterns showed greater GMC in Ct than Sz, while 2 (brainstem and cerebellum) showed greater GMC for Sz. The greatest GMC deficit was in a single pattern comprising regions in the superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and medial frontal cortex, which replicated over analyses of data subsets. VBM analyses identified overall cortical GMC loss and one small cluster of increased GMC in Sz, which overlapped with the SBM brainstem component. We found no significant association between the component loadings and symptom severity in either analysis. This mega-analysis confirms that the commonly found GMC loss in Sz in the anterior temporal lobe, insula, and medial frontal lobe form a single, consistent spatial pattern even in such a diverse dataset. The separation of GMC loss into robust, repeatable spatial patterns across multiple datasets paves the way for the application of these methods to identify subtle genetic and clinical cohort effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiayu Chen
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - Jingyu Liu
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM;,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel P. Zwiers
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;,Department of Language and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guillen Fernandez
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Steven Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Judith Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sarah McEwen
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hyo Jong Lee
- Division of Electronics and Information Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Bryon A. Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Douglas N. Greve
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA
| | - Ole Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;,Department of Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randy L. Gollub
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA;,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, HMS, Boston, MA
| | - Scott R. Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN;,Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA;,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL;,Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT;,Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, CT;,Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT;,Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, CT
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT;,Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, CT
| | | | | | - Rex E. Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jose Canive
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM;,Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM;,Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Juan Bustillo
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM;,Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM;,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, PO Box 5010, Atlanta, GA 30302-5010, US; tel: 404-413-6211, fax: 404-413-6207, e-mail:
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9
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Bortolon C, Capdevielle D, Raffard S. Face recognition in schizophrenia disorder: A comprehensive review of behavioral, neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 53:79-107. [PMID: 25800172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Facial emotion processing has been extensively studied in schizophrenia patients while general face processing has received less attention. The already published reviews do not address the current scientific literature in a complete manner. Therefore, here we tried to answer some questions that remain to be clarified, particularly: are the non-emotional aspects of facial processing in fact impaired in schizophrenia patients? At the behavioral level, our key conclusions are that visual perception deficit in schizophrenia patients: are not specific to faces; are most often present when the cognitive (e.g. attention) and perceptual demands of the tasks are important; and seems to worsen with the illness chronification. Although, currently evidence suggests impaired second order configural processing, more studies are necessary to determine whether or not holistic processing is impaired in schizophrenia patients. Neural and neurophysiological evidence suggests impaired earlier levels of visual processing, which might involve the deficits in interaction of the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways impacting on further processing. These deficits seem to be present even before the disorder out-set. Although evidence suggests that this deficit may be not specific to faces, further evidence on this question is necessary, in particularly more ecological studies including context and body processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Bortolon
- Epsylon Laboratory, EA 4556 Montpellier, France; University Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Delphine Capdevielle
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), U1061 Pathologies of the Nervous System: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, La Colombiere Hospital, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Stéphane Raffard
- Epsylon Laboratory, EA 4556 Montpellier, France; University Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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10
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Kent JS, Bolbecker AR, O'Donnell BF, Hetrick WP. Eyeblink Conditioning in Schizophrenia: A Critical Review. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:146. [PMID: 26733890 PMCID: PMC4683521 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is accruing evidence of cerebellar abnormalities in schizophrenia. The theory of cognitive dysmetria considers cerebellar dysfunction a key component of schizophrenia. Delay eyeblink conditioning (EBC), a cerebellar-dependent translational probe, is a behavioral index of cerebellar integrity. The circuitry underlying EBC has been well characterized by non-human animal research, revealing the cerebellum as the essential circuitry for the associative learning instantiated by this task. However, there have been persistent inconsistencies in EBC findings in schizophrenia. This article thoroughly reviews published studies investigating EBC in schizophrenia, with an emphasis on possible effects of antipsychotic medication and stimulus and analysis parameters on reports of EBC performance in schizophrenia. Results indicate a consistent finding of impaired EBC performance in schizophrenia, as measured by decreased rates of conditioning, and that medication or study design confounds do not account for this impairment. Results are discussed within the context of theoretical and neurochemical models of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerillyn S Kent
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amanda R Bolbecker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brian F O'Donnell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - William P Hetrick
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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11
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Núñez D, Oelkers-Ax R, de Haan S, Ludwig M, Sattel H, Resch F, Weisbrod M, Fuchs T. Do deficits in the magnocellular priming underlie visual derealization phenomena? Preliminary neurophysiological and self-report results in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res 2014; 159:441-9. [PMID: 25239127 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early visual impairments probably partially caused by impaired interactions between magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) pathways (M priming deficit), and disturbances of basic self-awareness or self-disorders (SDs) are core features of schizophrenia. The relationships between these features have not yet been studied. We hypothesized that the M priming was impaired in first-episode patients and that this deficit was associated with visual aspects of SDs. AIM To investigate early visual processing in a sample of first-episode schizophrenia patients and to explore the relationships between M and P functioning and visual aspects of SDs addressed by the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE) interview. METHOD Nine stimulating conditions were used to investigate M and P pathways and their interaction in a pattern reversal visually evoked potential (VEP) paradigm. N80 at mixed M- and P-conditions was used to investigate magnocellular priming. Generators were analyzed using source localization (Brain Electrical Source Analysis software: BESA). VEPs of nineteen first-episode schizophrenia patients were compared to those of twenty matched healthy controls by a bootstrap resample procedure. Visual aspects of SDs were analyzed through a factor analysis to separate symptom clusters of derealization phenomena. Thereafter, the associations between the main factors and the N80 component were explored using linear mixed models. RESULTS Factor analyses separated two EASE factors ("distance to the world", and "intrusive world"). The N80 component was represented by a single dipole located in the occipital visual cortex. The bootstrap analysis yielded significant amplitude reductions and prolonged latencies in first-episode patients relative to controls in response to mixed M-P conditions, and normal amplitudes and latencies in response to isolated P- and M-biased stimulation. Exploratory analyses showed significant negative correlations between the N80 amplitude values at mixed M-P conditions and the EASE factor "distance to the world", i.e. relatively higher amplitudes in the patient group were associated with higher subjective perceived derealization ("distance to the world"). CONCLUSIONS The early VEP component N80 evoked by mixed M-P conditions is assumed to be a correlate of M priming, and showed reduced amplitudes and longer latencies in first-episode patients. It probably reflects a hypoactivation of the M-pathway. The negative association between visual SDs (derealization phenomena characterized by visual experiences of being more distant to the world), and the M priming deficit was counterintuitive. It might indicate a dysregulated activity of the M-pathway in patients with SDs. Further research is needed to better understand this preliminary finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Núñez
- Faculty of Psychology, University de Talca, Chile; Psychiatry Department, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Voßstr. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - R Oelkers-Ax
- Psychiatry Department, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Voßstr. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstraße 8, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - S de Haan
- Psychiatry Department, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Voßstr. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Ludwig
- Psychiatry Department, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Voßstr. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Sattel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Langerstraße 3, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - F Resch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstraße 8, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - M Weisbrod
- Psychiatry Department, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Voßstr. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany; Klinikum Karlsbad-Langensteinbach, Guttmannstrasse 1, 76307 Karlsbad, Germany.
| | - T Fuchs
- Psychiatry Department, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Voßstr. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Koch K, Rus OG, Reeß TJ, Schachtzabel C, Wagner G, Schultz CC, Sorg C, Schlösser RGM. Functional connectivity and grey matter volume of the striatum in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2014; 205:204-13. [PMID: 25012683 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the dopaminergic reward system, predominantly the striatum, constitute core characteristics of schizophrenia. AIMS Functional connectivity of the dorsal striatum during reward-related trial-and-error learning was investigated in 17 people with schizophrenia and 18 healthy volunteers and related to striatal grey matter volume and psychopathology. METHOD We used voxel-based morphometry and psychophysiological interaction to examine striatal volume and connectivity. RESULTS A reduced functional connectivity between left striatum and temporo-occipital areas, precuneus and insula could be detected in the schizophrenia group. The positive correlation between grey matter volume and functional connectivity of the left striatum yielded significant results in a very similar network. Connectivity of the left striatum was negatively correlated with negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Present results suggest a disruption in striatal functional connectivity that is closely linked to grey matter morphometry of the striatum. Decreased connectivity between the striatum and psychopathologically relevant networks may explain the emergence of negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Koch
- Kathrin Koch, PhD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Oana Georgiana Rus, MA, Tim Jonas Reeß, MA, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Claudia Schachtzabel, MA, Gerd Wagner, PhD, C. Christoph Schultz, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Christian Sorg, MD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; Ralf G. M. Schlösser, Prof. MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Oana Georgiana Rus
- Kathrin Koch, PhD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Oana Georgiana Rus, MA, Tim Jonas Reeß, MA, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Claudia Schachtzabel, MA, Gerd Wagner, PhD, C. Christoph Schultz, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Christian Sorg, MD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; Ralf G. M. Schlösser, Prof. MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tim Jonas Reeß
- Kathrin Koch, PhD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Oana Georgiana Rus, MA, Tim Jonas Reeß, MA, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Claudia Schachtzabel, MA, Gerd Wagner, PhD, C. Christoph Schultz, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Christian Sorg, MD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; Ralf G. M. Schlösser, Prof. MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Schachtzabel
- Kathrin Koch, PhD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Oana Georgiana Rus, MA, Tim Jonas Reeß, MA, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Claudia Schachtzabel, MA, Gerd Wagner, PhD, C. Christoph Schultz, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Christian Sorg, MD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; Ralf G. M. Schlösser, Prof. MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Kathrin Koch, PhD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Oana Georgiana Rus, MA, Tim Jonas Reeß, MA, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Claudia Schachtzabel, MA, Gerd Wagner, PhD, C. Christoph Schultz, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Christian Sorg, MD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; Ralf G. M. Schlösser, Prof. MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - C Christoph Schultz
- Kathrin Koch, PhD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Oana Georgiana Rus, MA, Tim Jonas Reeß, MA, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Claudia Schachtzabel, MA, Gerd Wagner, PhD, C. Christoph Schultz, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Christian Sorg, MD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; Ralf G. M. Schlösser, Prof. MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Kathrin Koch, PhD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Oana Georgiana Rus, MA, Tim Jonas Reeß, MA, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Claudia Schachtzabel, MA, Gerd Wagner, PhD, C. Christoph Schultz, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Christian Sorg, MD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; Ralf G. M. Schlösser, Prof. MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf G M Schlösser
- Kathrin Koch, PhD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Oana Georgiana Rus, MA, Tim Jonas Reeß, MA, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM, Munich and Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Biocenter, Munich; Claudia Schachtzabel, MA, Gerd Wagner, PhD, C. Christoph Schultz, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Christian Sorg, MD, Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; Ralf G. M. Schlösser, Prof. MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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13
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Bolbecker AR, Kent JS, Petersen IT, Klaunig MJ, Forsyth JK, Howell JM, Westfall DR, O’Donnell BF, Hetrick WP. Impaired cerebellar-dependent eyeblink conditioning in first-degree relatives of individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:1001-10. [PMID: 23962891 PMCID: PMC4133656 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Consistent with reports of cerebellar structural, functional, and neurochemical anomalies in schizophrenia, robust cerebellar-dependent delay eyeblink conditioning (dEBC) deficits have been observed in the disorder. Impaired dEBC is also present in schizotypal personality disorder, an intermediate phenotype of schizophrenia. The present work sought to determine whether dEBC deficits exist in nonpsychotic first-degree relatives of individuals with schizophrenia. A single-cue tone dEBC paradigm consisting of 10 blocks with 10 trials each (9 paired and 1 unpaired trials) was used to examine the functional integrity of cerebellar circuitry in schizophrenia participants, individuals with a first-degree relative diagnosed with schizophrenia, and healthy controls with no first-degree relatives diagnosed with schizophrenia. The conditioned stimulus (a 400ms tone) coterminated with the unconditioned stimulus (a 50ms air puff to the left eye) on paired trials. One relative and 2 healthy controls were removed from further analysis due to declining conditioned response rates, leaving 18 schizophrenia participants, 17 first-degree relatives, and 16 healthy controls. Electromyographic data were subsequently analyzed using growth curve models in hierarchical linear regression. Acquisition of dEBC conditioned responses was significantly impaired in schizophrenia and first-degree relative groups compared with controls. This finding that cerebellar-mediated associative learning deficits are present in first-degree relatives of individuals with schizophrenia provides evidence that dEBC abnormalities in schizophrenia may not be due to medication or course of illness effects. Instead, the present results are consistent with models of schizophrenia positing cerebellar-cortical circuit abnormalities and suggest that cerebellar abnormalities represent a risk marker for the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerillyn S. Kent
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Isaac T. Petersen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | | | | | | | | | | | - William P. Hetrick
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, US; tel: 812-855-2620, fax: 812-856-4544, e-mail:
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14
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Jardri R, Bartels-Velthuis AA, Debbané M, Jenner JA, Kelleher I, Dauvilliers Y, Plazzi G, Demeulemeester M, David CN, Rapoport J, Dobbelaere D, Escher S, Fernyhough C. From phenomenology to neurophysiological understanding of hallucinations in children and adolescents. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40 Suppl 4:S221-32. [PMID: 24936083 PMCID: PMC4141307 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Typically reported as vivid, multisensory experiences which may spontaneously resolve, hallucinations are present at high rates during childhood. The risk of associated psychopathology is a major cause of concern. On the one hand, the risk of developing further delusional ideation has been shown to be reduced by better theory of mind skills. On the other hand, ideas of reference, passivity phenomena, and misidentification syndrome have been shown to increase the risk of self-injury or heteroaggressive behaviors. Cognitive psychology and brain-imaging studies have advanced our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these early-onset hallucinations. Notably, specific functional impairments have been associated with certain phenomenological characteristics of hallucinations in youths, including intrusiveness and the sense of reality. In this review, we provide an update of associated epidemiological and phenomenological factors (including sociocultural context, social adversity, and genetics, considered in relation to the psychosis continuum hypothesis), cognitive models, and neurophysiological findings concerning hallucinations in children and adolescents. Key issues that have interfered with progress are considered and recommendations for future studies are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Jardri
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Department,University Medical Centre Lille, Lille, France; Lille Nord de France University, UDSL, Functional Neurosciences & Disorders Lab, Lille, France;
| | - Agna A Bartels-Velthuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Debbané
- Adolescence Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jack A Jenner
- Jenner Consult Haren & Audito, Practice for Child & Adolescent Voice Hearers, Ten Boer, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Kelleher
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Sleep unit, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, CHU Montpellier & National Reference Network for Narcolepsy, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Morgane Demeulemeester
- Lille Nord de France University, UDSL, Functional Neurosciences & Disorders Lab, Lille, France; Lautréamont Clinic, ORPEACLINEA Group, Loos, France
| | - Christopher N David
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Judith Rapoport
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dries Dobbelaere
- National Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases in Child and Adulthood, University Children's Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
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15
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Bolbecker AR, Westfall DR, Howell JM, Lackner RJ, Carroll CA, O'Donnell BF, Hetrick WP. Increased timing variability in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97964. [PMID: 24848559 PMCID: PMC4029800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that impaired time perception and the neural circuitry underlying internal timing mechanisms may contribute to severe psychiatric disorders, including psychotic and mood disorders. The degree to which alterations in temporal perceptions reflect deficits that exist across psychosis-related phenotypes and the extent to which mood symptoms contribute to these deficits is currently unknown. In addition, compared to schizophrenia, where timing deficits have been more extensively investigated, sub-second timing has been studied relatively infrequently in bipolar disorder. The present study compared sub-second duration estimates of schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder (SA), non-psychotic bipolar disorder (BDNP), bipolar disorder with psychotic features (BDP), and healthy non-psychiatric controls (HC) on a well-established time perception task using sub-second durations. Participants included 66 SZ, 37 BDNP, 34 BDP, 31 SA, and 73 HC who participated in a temporal bisection task that required temporal judgements about auditory durations ranging from 300 to 600 milliseconds. Timing variability was significantly higher in SZ, BDP, and BDNP groups compared to healthy controls. The bisection point did not differ across groups. These findings suggest that both psychotic and mood symptoms may be associated with disruptions in internal timing mechanisms. Yet unexpected findings emerged. Specifically, the BDNP group had significantly increased variability compared to controls, but the SA group did not. In addition, these deficits appeared to exist independent of current symptom status. The absence of between group differences in bisection point suggests that increased variability in the SZ and bipolar disorder groups are due to alterations in perceptual timing in the sub-second range, possibly mediated by the cerebellum, rather than cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Bolbecker
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Westfall
- Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Josselyn M. Howell
- Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Lackner
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Christine A. Carroll
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Brian F. O'Donnell
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - William P. Hetrick
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Watson TC, Becker N, Apps R, Jones MW. Back to front: cerebellar connections and interactions with the prefrontal cortex. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:4. [PMID: 24550789 PMCID: PMC3912388 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recent neuroanatomical evidence has demonstrated closed-loop connectivity between prefrontal cortex and the cerebellum, the physiology of cerebello-cerebral circuits and the extent to which cerebellar output modulates neuronal activity in neocortex during behavior remain relatively unexplored. We show that electrical stimulation of the contralateral cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) in awake, behaving rats evokes distinct local field potential (LFP) responses (onset latency ~13 ms) in the prelimbic (PrL) subdivision of the medial prefrontal cortex. Trains of FN stimulation evoke heterogeneous patterns of response in putative pyramidal cells in frontal and prefrontal regions in both urethane-anesthetized and awake, behaving rats. However, the majority of cells showed decreased firing rates during stimulation and subsequent rebound increases; more than 90% of cells showed significant changes in response. Simultaneous recording of on-going LFP activity from FN and PrL while rats were at rest or actively exploring an open field arena revealed significant network coherence restricted to the theta frequency range (5–10 Hz). Granger causality analysis indicated that this coherence was significantly directed from cerebellum to PrL during active locomotion. Our results demonstrate the presence of a cerebello-prefrontal pathway in rat and reveal behaviorally dependent coordinated network activity between the two structures, which could facilitate transfer of sensorimotor information into ongoing neocortical processing during goal directed behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Watson
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Nadine Becker
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Apps
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew W Jones
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
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17
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Modinos G, Costafreda SG, van Tol MJ, McGuire PK, Aleman A, Allen P. Neuroanatomy of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia: A quantitative meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies. Cortex 2013; 49:1046-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Freitag MT, van Bruggen T, Fritzsche KH, Henze R, Brunner R, Parzer P, Resch F, Stieltjes B. Reduced lateralization in early onset schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2013; 537:23-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Núñez D, Rauch J, Herwig K, Rupp A, Andermann M, Weisbrod M, Resch F, Oelkers-Ax R. Evidence for a magnocellular disadvantage in early-onset schizophrenic patients: a source analysis of the N80 visual-evoked component. Schizophr Res 2013; 144:16-23. [PMID: 23305611 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual impairments in schizophrenia have been suggested to be partly caused by early processing deficits of the magnocellular (M) pathway. This might include disturbed interactions between the M and parvocellular (P) pathways and especially impaired M priming, which can disturb highlighting of relevant information. Such disorders may result from neurodevelopmental irregularities, which are assumed to be substantially involved in schizophrenia. This study sought to test the hypothesis that M priming is impaired in schizophrenia. In order to elucidate this neurodevelopmental aspect, we investigated patients with different ages of schizophrenia onset. This provided a useful design to integrate visual information processing in a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. METHOD Nine stimulus conditions were used to investigate the M- and P-pathways and their interaction in a pattern reversal VEP paradigm. N80 generators were analyzed using source localization (Brain Electrical Source Analysis software: BESA). Forty schizophrenia patients (early-onset=19; adult-onset=21) were compared with age- and gender-matched healthy controls (early-onset controls=19; adult-onset controls=21). Hypotheses were tested using a bootstrap resampling procedure. RESULTS The N80 component was represented by a single dipole located in the occipital visual cortex. The bootstrap analysis yielded significant differences between early-onset schizophrenia patients and controls. We found lower amplitudes in response to mixed M-P conditions and normal amplitudes in response to isolated P- and M-biased stimulation. Concerning the latencies, significant differences were found between adult-onset subjects and their controls, with prolonged latencies for schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSIONS The early VEP component N80 evoked by mixed M-P conditions is assumed to be a correlate of M priming and showed reduced amplitude in early-onset schizophrenic patients but not in adult-onset patients. These findings point towards an M priming deficit in early-onset patients and are compatible with a neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia, probably reflecting asynchronies in brain maturational abnormalities occurring at different ages of illness onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Núñez
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Chile; Psychiatry Department, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Voßstr. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Henze R, Brunner R, Thiemann U, Parzer P, Klein J, Resch F, Stieltjes B. White matter alterations in the corpus callosum of adolescents with first-admission schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2012; 513:178-82. [PMID: 22373786 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Several diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies involving adults and adolescents with schizophrenia have examined fractional anisotropy (FA) in the corpus callosum (CC) with conflicting findings. This may be due to confounding factors such as the chronicity of the disorder, long-term medication with psychotropics or methodological differences. To provide a clearer picture of early alterations, we examined 13 adolescents with first-admission schizophrenia and 13 healthy controls using a region-of-interest approach based on probabilistic voxel classification. We quantified FA in four subdivisions of the CC and hypothesized that adolescents with schizophrenia display a reduced FA in the genu associated with 'hypofrontality' and a reduced FA in the body of the CC linked to the heteromodal association cortex. Fiber integrity measurements revealed significant FA decreases in the genu and body of the CC in adolescents with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. These findings emphasize the central role of the CC in even the early stages of schizophrenia and lend weight to hypotheses about frontal alterations and the central role of the heteromodal association cortex in the aetiopathogenesis of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Henze
- Section Disorders of Personality Development, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstrasse 8, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Henze R, Brunner R, Thiemann U, Parzer P, Klein J, Resch F, Stieltjes B. The Optic Radiation and the Cerebellar Peduncles in Adolescents with First-Admission Schizophrenia -A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. J Neuroimaging 2012; 24:111-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2011.00668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Romy Henze
- Section Disorders of Personality Development; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Center for Psychosocial Medicine; University of Heidelberg; Germany
- the Section Quantitative Imaging-based Disease Characterization; Department of Radiology; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Romuald Brunner
- Section Disorders of Personality Development; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Center for Psychosocial Medicine; University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Ulf Thiemann
- Section Disorders of Personality Development; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Center for Psychosocial Medicine; University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Peter Parzer
- Section Disorders of Personality Development; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Center for Psychosocial Medicine; University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | | | - Franz Resch
- Section Disorders of Personality Development; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Center for Psychosocial Medicine; University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Bram Stieltjes
- the Section Quantitative Imaging-based Disease Characterization; Department of Radiology; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
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