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Rubel MZU, Ichii O, Namba T, Masum MA, Chuluunbaatar T, Hiraishi M, Nakamura T, Kon Y. Systemic autoimmune abnormalities alter the morphology of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues in the rectum of MRL/MpJ-Fas lpr/lpr mice. Exp Anim 2024; 73:270-285. [PMID: 38311397 PMCID: PMC11254493 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.23-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases (ADs) might affect the morphology and function of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (LTs) indirectly; however, their exact relationship remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated mouse LTs in the anorectal canal and morphologically compared them between MRL/MpJ-Fas+/+ and MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr mice. LT aggregations, also known as rectal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (RMALTs), were exclusively seen in the lamina propria and submucosa of the rectum. The mean size and number of the LT aggregations both significantly increased in MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr mice compared to those in MRL/MpJ-Fas+/+ mice. The distance from the anorectal junction to the first LT aggregate was significantly shorter in MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr mice than that in MRL/MpJ-Fas+/+ mice. Immunostaining revealed that the RMALTs included CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells; B220+ B cells; IBA1+ macrophages; Ki67+ proliferative cells; and PNAd+ high-endothelial venules (HEVs). The numbers of macrophages, proliferative cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and HEVs were significantly increased in MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr mice compared to those in MRL/MpJ mice. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of chemokines (Cxcl9 and Cxcl13) and their corresponding receptors (Cxcr3 and Cxcr5) were significantly higher in MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr mice than those in MRL/MpJ-Fas+/+ mice. Although the morphology of rectal epithelium was comparable between the strains, M cell number was significantly higher in MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr mice than in MRL/MpJ-Fas+/+ mice. Thus, ADs could alter RMALT morphology, and quantitative changes in T-cell subsets, proliferative cells, macrophages, HEVs, chemokine expression, and M cells could affect their cell composition and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zahir Uddin Rubel
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sheikh Kamal Unushod Bhaban Road, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
- Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Takashi Namba
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Md Abdul Masum
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sheikh Kamal Unushod Bhaban Road, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Tsolmon Chuluunbaatar
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Basic Science of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Science, VWP5+JPX, Ulaanbaatar 17024, Mongolia
| | - Masaya Hiraishi
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Teppei Nakamura
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Volcic M, Nchioua R, Pastorio C, Zech F, Haußmann I, Sauter D, Read C, Walther P, Kirchhoff F. Attenuated replication and damaging effects of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants in an intestinal epithelial barrier model. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29783. [PMID: 38965890 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Many COVID-19 patients suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms and impaired intestinal barrier function is thought to play a key role in Long COVID. Despite its importance, the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on intestinal epithelia is poorly understood. To address this, we established an intestinal barrier model integrating epithelial Caco-2 cells, mucus-secreting HT29 cells and Raji cells. This gut epithelial model allows efficient differentiation of Caco-2 cells into microfold-like cells, faithfully mimics intestinal barrier function, and is highly permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Early strains of SARS-CoV-2 and the Delta variant replicated with high efficiency, severely disrupted barrier function, and depleted tight junction proteins, such as claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1. In comparison, Omicron subvariants also depleted ZO-1 from tight junctions but had fewer damaging effects on mucosal integrity and barrier function. Remdesivir, the fusion inhibitor EK1 and the transmembrane serine protease 2 inhibitor Camostat inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication and thus epithelial barrier damage, while the Cathepsin inhibitor E64d was ineffective. Our results support that SARS-CoV-2 disrupts intestinal barrier function but further suggest that circulating Omicron variants are less damaging than earlier viral strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meta Volcic
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rayhane Nchioua
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chiara Pastorio
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Zech
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Isabell Haußmann
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Clarissa Read
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Rose EC, Simon JM, Gomez-Martinez I, Magness ST, Odle J, Blikslager AT, Ziegler AL. Single-cell transcriptomics predict novel potential regulators of acute epithelial restitution in the ischemia-injured intestine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.28.601271. [PMID: 38979337 PMCID: PMC11230382 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.28.601271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemic injury damages the epithelial barrier predisposes patients to life-threatening sepsis unless that barrier is rapidly restored. There is an age-dependency of intestinal recovery in that neonates are the most susceptible to succumb to disease of the intestinal barrier versus older patients. We have developed a pig model that demonstrates age-dependent failure of intestinal barrier restitution in neonatal pigs which can be rescued by the direct application of juvenile pig mucosal tissue, but the mechanisms of rescue remain undefined. We hypothesized that by identifying a subpopulation of restituting enterocytes by their expression of cell migration transcriptional pathways, we can then predict novel upstream regulators of age-dependent restitution response programs. Superficial mucosal epithelial cells from recovering ischemic jejunum of juvenile pigs were processed for single cell RNA sequencing analysis, and predicted upstream regulators were assessed in a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) and banked tissues. A subcluster of absorptive enterocytes expressed several cell migration pathways key to restitution. Differentially expressed genes in this subcluster predicted their upstream regulation included colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). We validated age-dependent induction of CSF-1 by ischemia and documented that CSF-1 and CSF1R co-localized in ischemic juvenile, but not neonatal, wound-adjacent epithelial cells and in the restituted epithelium of juveniles and rescued (but not control) neonates. Further, the CSF1R inhibitor BLZ945 reduced restitution in scratch wounded IPEC-J2 cells. These studies validate an approach to inform potential novel therapeutic targets, such as CSF-1, to improve outcomes in neonates with intestinal injury in a unique pig model. NEW & NOTEWORTHY These studies validate an approach to identify and predict upstream regulation of restituting epithelium in a unique pig intestinal ischemic injury model. Identification of potential molecular mediators of restitution, such as CSF-1, will inform the development of targeted therapeutic interventions for medical management of patients with ischemia-mediated intestinal injury.
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Del Castillo D, Lo DD. Deciphering the M-cell niche: insights from mouse models on how microfold cells "know" where they are needed. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1400739. [PMID: 38863701 PMCID: PMC11165056 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Known for their distinct antigen-sampling abilities, microfold cells, or M cells, have been well characterized in the gut and other mucosa including the lungs and nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT). More recently, however, they have been identified in tissues where they were not initially suspected to reside, which raises the following question: what external and internal factors dictate differentiation toward this specific role? In this discussion, we will focus on murine studies to determine how these cells are identified (e.g., markers and function) and ask the broader question of factors triggering M-cell localization and patterning. Then, through the consideration of unconventional M cells, which include villous M cells, Type II taste cells, and medullary thymic epithelial M cells (microfold mTECs), we will establish the M cell as not just a player in mucosal immunity but as a versatile niche cell that adapts to its home tissue. To this end, we will consider the lymphoid structure relationship and apical stimuli to better discuss how the differing cellular programming and the physical environment within each tissue yield these cells and their unique organization. Thus, by exploring this constellation of M cells, we hope to better understand the multifaceted nature of this cell in its different anatomical locales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David D. Lo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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Le-Dao HA, Dinh TT, Tran TL, Lee VS, Tran-Van H. Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal Novel Interacting Regions of Human Prion Protein to Brucella abortus Hsp60 Protein. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:687-695. [PMID: 36633832 PMCID: PMC9838441 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The distinctive morphology characteristics of microfold cells (M cells) allow the vaccine antigen not only to interact with immune cells directly, but also to effectively stimulate mucosal immune responses via receptors on its apical surface. Human prion protein, a transmembrane receptor for Brucella abortus Hsp60, is highly expressed on the M cell surface. Nonetheless, this protein tends to express in inclusion body in prokaryotic hosts. In this study, the shorter interacting regions of human prion protein were identified via computational methods such as docking and molecular dynamics simulations to minimize its aggregation tendency. The computational calculations revealed three novel human prion protein-interacting regions, namely PrP125, PrP174, and PrP180. In accordance with in silico prediction, the biologically synthesized peptides fusing with GST tag demonstrated their specific binding to Hsp60 protein via pull-down assay. Hence, this finding laid the groundwork for M-cell targeting candidate validation through these newly identified interacting regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Anh Le-Dao
- Laboratory of Biosensors, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Thuan-Thien Dinh
- Laboratory of Biosensors, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Thuoc Linh Tran
- Laboratory of Biosensors, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Vannajan Sanghiran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hieu Tran-Van
- Laboratory of Biosensors, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
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Ferreira B, Barros AS, Leite-Pereira C, Viegas J, das Neves J, Nunes R, Sarmento B. Trends in 3D models of inflammatory bowel disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167042. [PMID: 38296115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a set of chronic inflammatory conditions, namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Despite all advances in the management of IBD, a definitive cure is not available, largely due to a lack of a holistic understanding of its etiology and pathophysiology. Several in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models have been developed over the past few decades in order to abbreviate remaining gaps. The establishment of reliable and predictable in vitro intestinal inflammation models may indeed provide valuable tools to expedite and validate the development of therapies for IBD. Three-dimensional (3D) models provide a more accurate representation of the different layers of the intestine, contributing to a stronger impact on drug screening and research on intestinal inflammation, and bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo research. This work provides a critical overview on the state-of-the-art on existing 3D models of intestinal inflammation and discusses the remaining challenges, providing insights on possible pathways towards achieving IBD mimetic models. We also address some of the main challenges faced by implementing cell culture models in IBD research while bearing in mind clinical translational aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Ferreira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia S Barros
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Leite-Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Viegas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José das Neves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IUCS-CESPU - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Rute Nunes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IUCS-CESPU - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IUCS-CESPU - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
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Song Y, Mehl F, Zeichner SL. Vaccine Strategies to Elicit Mucosal Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:191. [PMID: 38400174 PMCID: PMC10892965 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are essential tools to prevent infection and control transmission of infectious diseases that threaten public health. Most infectious agents enter their hosts across mucosal surfaces, which make up key first lines of host defense against pathogens. Mucosal immune responses play critical roles in host immune defense to provide durable and better recall responses. Substantial attention has been focused on developing effective mucosal vaccines to elicit robust localized and systemic immune responses by administration via mucosal routes. Mucosal vaccines that elicit effective immune responses yield protection superior to parenterally delivered vaccines. Beyond their valuable immunogenicity, mucosal vaccines can be less expensive and easier to administer without a need for injection materials and more highly trained personnel. However, developing effective mucosal vaccines faces many challenges, and much effort has been directed at their development. In this article, we review the history of mucosal vaccine development and present an overview of mucosal compartment biology and the roles that mucosal immunity plays in defending against infection, knowledge that has helped inform mucosal vaccine development. We explore new progress in mucosal vaccine design and optimization and novel approaches created to improve the efficacy and safety of mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Song
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (Y.S.)
| | - Frances Mehl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (Y.S.)
| | - Steven L. Zeichner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (Y.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Abstract
Biogeography is the study of species distribution and diversity within an ecosystem and is at the core of how we understand ecosystem dynamics and interactions at the macroscale. In gut microbial communities, a historical reliance on bulk sequencing to probe community composition and dynamics has overlooked critical processes whereby microscale interactions affect systems-level microbiota function and the relationship with the host. In recent years, higher-resolution sequencing and novel single-cell level data have uncovered an incredible heterogeneity in microbial composition and have enabled a more nuanced spatial understanding of the gut microbiota. In an era when spatial transcriptomics and single-cell imaging and analysis have become key tools in mammalian cell and tissue biology, many of these techniques are now being applied to the microbiota. This fresh approach to intestinal biogeography has given important insights that span temporal and spatial scales, from the discovery of mucus encapsulation of the microbiota to the quantification of bacterial species throughout the gut. In this Review, we highlight emerging knowledge surrounding gut biogeography enabled by the observation and quantification of heterogeneity across multiple scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle McCallum
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carolina Tropini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Song YJ, Liu HX, Yang XG. The deposition of lanthanum carbonate may activate macrophages to induce gastrointestinal mucosal injury in patients with chronic kidney disease: an in vitro caco-2/THP-1 macrophage coculture model study. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:101-112. [PMID: 38148422 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and possible underlying mechanism of La2(CO3)3 deposition on GI mucosal inflammation. Our results showed that La2(CO3)3 can dissolve in artificial gastric fluids and form lanthanum phosphate (LaPO4) precipitates with an average size of about 1 μm. To mimic the intestinal mucosa and epithelial barrier, we established a Caco-2/THP-1 macrophage coculture model and a Caco-2 monoculture model, respectively. Our findings demonstrated that the medium of THP-1 macrophages stimulated by LaPO4 particles can damage the Caco-2 monolayer integrity in the coculture model, while the particles themselves had no direct impact on the Caco-2 monolayer integrity in the monoculture model. We measured values of trans-epithelial electrical resistance and detected images using a laser scanning confocal microscope. These results indicate that continuous stimulation of LaPO4 particles on macrophages can lead to a disruption of intestinal epithelium integrity. In addition, LaPO4 particles could stimulate THP-1 macrophages to secrete both IL-1β and IL-8. Although LaPO4 particles can also promote Caco-2 cells to secrete IL-8, the secretion was much lower than that produced by THP-1 macrophages. In summary, the deposition of La2(CO3)3 has been shown to activate macrophages and induce damage to intestinal epithelial cells, which may exacerbate inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, patients taking lanthanum carbonate, especially those with gastrointestinal mucosal inflammation, should be mindful of the potential for drug deposition in the GI system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ju Song
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hui-Xue Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xiao-Gai Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Esmat K, Jamil B, Kheder RK, Kombe Kombe AJ, Zeng W, Ma H, Jin T. Immunoglobulin A response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24031. [PMID: 38230244 PMCID: PMC10789627 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its infamous "Variants" of the etiological agent termed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has proven to be a global health concern. The three antibodies, IgA, IgM, and IgG, perform their dedicated role as main workhorses of the host adaptive immune system in virus neutralization. Immunoglobulin-A (IgA), also known as "Mucosal Immunoglobulin", has been under keen interest throughout the viral infection cycle. Its importance lies because IgA is predominant mucosal antibody and SARS family viruses primarily infect the mucosal surfaces of human respiratory tract. Therefore, IgA can be considered a diagnostic and prognostic marker and an active infection biomarker for SARS CoV-2 infection. Along with molecular analyses, serological tests, including IgA detection tests, are gaining ground in application as an early detectable marker and as a minimally invasive detection strategy. In the current review, it was emphasized the role of IgA response in diagnosis, host defense strategies, treatment, and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The data analysis was performed through almost 100 published peer-reviewed research reports and comprehended the importance of IgA in antiviral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and other related respiratory viruses. Taken together, it is concluded that secretory IgA- Abs can serve as a promising detection tool for respiratory viral diagnosis and treatment parallel to IgG-based therapeutics and diagnostics. Vaccine candidates that target and trigger mucosal immune response may also be employed in future dimensions of research against other respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleqsefat Esmat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Baban Jamil
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, KRG, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Ramiar Kaml Kheder
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Weihong Zeng
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
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11
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Gao Y, Wang R, Zhang L, Fan Y, Luan J, Liu Z, Yuan C. Oral administration of hyaluronic acid to improve skin conditions via a randomized double-blind clinical test. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13531. [PMID: 38009035 PMCID: PMC10661223 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of oral intake of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) on skin health. BACKGROUND HA, an endogenous substance in the human body, plays a key role in skin health. However, its concentration in the skin decreases significantly with age. Previous studies suggested that oral intake of HA can supplement the body's HA level, but did not reveal the effects on different age groups and skin types. METHODS A double-blind, randomized clinical trial with 129 female participants, covering young and elderly groups and differnet skin types, was conducted to assess the efficacy of orally administered HA on skin health. RESULTS Oral administration of HA significantly promoted skin hydration after 2-8 weeks among both young and elderly groups. Skin tone improvement was observed after 4-8 weeks, while an increase in epidermal thickness was noted after 12 weeks. CONCLUSION This study provides direct evidence supporting the clinical efficacy of oral intake of HA in promoting skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Rui Gao
- Department of Skin & Cosmetic ResearchShanghai Skin Disease HospitalSkin Disease Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Rui‐Ping Wang
- Clinical Research CenterShanghai Skin Disease HospitalSkin Disease Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lu Zhang
- Bloomage Biotech Co., LtdJinanShandongChina
| | - Yuan Fan
- Bloomage Biotech Co., LtdJinanShandongChina
| | - Jin Luan
- Bloomage Biotech Co., LtdJinanShandongChina
| | - Zhe Liu
- Bloomage Biotech Co., LtdJinanShandongChina
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Skin & Cosmetic ResearchShanghai Skin Disease HospitalSkin Disease Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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12
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Dotiwala F, Upadhyay AK. Next Generation Mucosal Vaccine Strategy for Respiratory Pathogens. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1585. [PMID: 37896988 PMCID: PMC10611113 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducing humoral and cytotoxic mucosal immunity at the sites of pathogen entry has the potential to prevent the infection from getting established. This is different from systemic vaccination, which protects against the development of systemic symptoms. The field of mucosal vaccination has seen fewer technological advances compared to nucleic acid and subunit vaccine advances for injectable vaccine platforms. The advent of the next-generation adenoviral vectors has given a boost to mucosal vaccine research. Basic research into the mechanisms regulating innate and adaptive mucosal immunity and the discovery of effective and safe mucosal vaccine adjuvants will continue to improve mucosal vaccine design. The results from clinical trials of inhaled COVID-19 vaccines demonstrate their ability to induce the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells and the production of secreted IgA and IgG antibodies locally, unlike intramuscular vaccinations. However, these mucosal vaccines induce systemic immune responses at par with systemic vaccinations. This review summarizes the function of the respiratory mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and the advantages that the adenoviral vectors provide as inhaled vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farokh Dotiwala
- Ocugen Inc., 11 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
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13
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Yang Z, DeLoid GM, Zarbl H, Baw J, Demokritou P. Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) and their potential toxicological outcomes: State of science, knowledge gaps and research needs. NANOIMPACT 2023; 32:100481. [PMID: 37717636 PMCID: PMC10841092 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste has been produced at a rapidly growing rate over the past several decades. The environmental impacts of plastic waste on marine and terrestrial ecosystems have been recognized for years. Recently, researchers found that micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs), micron (100 nm - 5 mm) and nanometer (1 - 100 nm) scale particles and fibers produced by degradation and fragmentation of plastic waste in the environment, have become an important emerging environmental and food chain contaminant with uncertain consequences for human health. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent findings from studies of potential toxicity and adverse health impacts of MNPs in terrestrial mammals, including studies in both in vitro cellular and in vivo mammalian models. Also reviewed here are recently released biomonitoring studies that have characterized the bioaccumulation, biodistribution, and excretion of MNPs in humans. The majority MNPs in the environment to which humans are most likely to be exposed, are of irregular shapes, varied sizes, and mixed compositions, and are defined as secondary MNPs. However, the MNPs used in most toxicity studies to date were commercially available primary MNPs of polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and other polymers. The emerging in vitro and in vivo evidence reviewed here suggests that MNP toxicity and bioactivity are largely determined by MNP particle physico-chemical characteristics, including size, shape, polymer type, and surface properties. For human exposure, MNPs have been identified in human blood, urine, feces, and placenta, which pose potential health risks. The evidence to date suggests that the mechanisms underlying MNP toxicity at the cellular level are primarily driven by oxidative stress. Nonetheless, large knowledge gaps in our understanding of MNP toxicity and the potential health impacts of MNP exposures still exist and much further study is needed to bridge those gaps. This includes human population exposure studies to determine the environmentally relevant MNP polymers and exposure concentrations and durations for toxicity studies, as well as toxicity studies employing environmentally relevant MNPs, with surface chemistries and other physico-chemical properties consistent with MNP particles in the environment. It is especially important to obtain comprehensive toxicological data for these MNPs to understand the range and extent of potential adverse impacts of microplastic pollutants on humans and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Yang
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Glen M DeLoid
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Helmut Zarbl
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Joshua Baw
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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14
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Zhang X, Chen X, Wang Z, Meng X, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Cavallari N, Wu Y, Gao J, Li X, Chen H. Goblet cell-associated antigen passage: A gatekeeper of the intestinal immune system. Immunology 2023; 170:1-12. [PMID: 37067238 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective delivery of luminal antigens to the underlying immune system is the initial step in generating antigen-specific responses in the gut. However, a large body of information regarding the immune response activation process remains unknown. Recently, goblet cells (GCs) have been reported to form goblet cell-associated antigen passages (GAPs). Luminal antigens can be transported inside GAPs and reach subepithelial immune cells to induce antigen-specific immune responses, contributing largely to gut homeostasis and the prevention of some intestinal diseases like allergic enteritis and bacterial translocation. In this article, we summarized recent observations on the formation of intestinal GAPs and their roles in mucosal immunity. We hope that this review can offer a fresh perspective and valuable insights for clinicians and researchers interested in studying the intestinal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanyi Meng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Nicola Cavallari
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yong Wu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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15
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Agrawal M, Allin KH, Mehandru S, Faith J, Jess T, Colombel JF. The appendix and ulcerative colitis - an unsolved connection. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:615-624. [PMID: 37081213 PMCID: PMC10527463 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The appendix is thought to have a role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, but the nature and basis of this association remains unclear. In this Perspective, we consider the biology of the appendix with respect to its immunological function and the microbiome, and how this relates to evidence that supports the involvement of the appendix in ulcerative colitis. In experimental models, removal of the inflamed appendix prevents colitis, and in human observational studies, appendectomy is associated with protection against ulcerative colitis. Further, among people who develop ulcerative colitis, appendectomy before diagnosis might influence the course and outcomes of the disease - some evidence suggests that it protects against colectomy but could increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Appendectomy after onset of ulcerative colitis seems to have disparate consequences. Clinical trials to understand whether appendectomy has a role in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are ongoing. Major questions about the role of the appendix in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis remain unanswered, and further research is needed to establish whether the connection is clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Agrawal
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kristine H Allin
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremiah Faith
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tine Jess
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Di Sabatino A, Santacroce G, Rossi CM, Broglio G, Lenti MV. Role of mucosal immunity and epithelial-vascular barrier in modulating gut homeostasis. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:1635-1646. [PMID: 37402104 PMCID: PMC10504119 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa represents the most extensive human barrier having a defense function against microbial and food antigens. This barrier is represented externally by a mucus layer, consisting mainly of mucins, antimicrobial peptides, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), which serves as the first interaction with the intestinal microbiota. Below is placed the epithelial monolayer, comprising enterocytes and specialized cells, such as goblet cells, Paneth cells, enterochromaffin cells, and others, each with a specific protective, endocrine, or immune function. This layer interacts with both the luminal environment and the underlying lamina propria, where mucosal immunity processes primarily take place. Specifically, the interaction between the microbiota and an intact mucosal barrier results in the activation of tolerogenic processes, mainly mediated by FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, underlying intestinal homeostasis. Conversely, the impairment of the mucosal barrier function, the alteration of the normal luminal microbiota composition (dysbiosis), or the imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mucosal factors may result in inflammation and disease. Another crucial component of the intestinal barrier is the gut-vascular barrier, formed by endothelial cells, pericytes, and glial cells, which regulates the passage of molecules into the bloodstream. The aim of this review is to examine the various components of the intestinal barrier, assessing their interaction with the mucosal immune system, and focus on the immunological processes underlying homeostasis or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Sabatino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
- Clinica Medica I, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Santacroce
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Broglio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Vincenzo Lenti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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17
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Hashemi P, Mahmoodi S, Ghasemian A. An updated review on oral protein-based antigen vaccines efficiency and delivery approaches: a special attention to infectious diseases. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:289. [PMID: 37468763 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Various infectious agents affect human health via the oral entrance. The majority of pathogens lack approved vaccines. Oral vaccination is a convenient, safe and cost-effective approach with the potential of provoking mucosal and systemic immunity and maintaining individual satisfaction. However, vaccines should overcome the intricate environment of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Oral protein-based antigen vaccines (OPAVs) are easier to administer than injectable vaccines and do not require trained healthcare professionals. Additionally, the risk of needle-related injuries, pain, and discomfort is eliminated. However, OPAVs stability at environmental and GIT conditions should be considered to enhance their stability and facilitate their transport and storage. These vaccines elicit the local immunity, protecting GIT, genital tract and respiratory epithelial surfaces, where numerous pathogens penetrate the body. OPAVs can also be manipulated (such as using specific incorporated ligand and receptors) to elicit targeted immune response. However, low bioavailability of OPAVs necessitates development of proper protein carriers and formulations to enhance their stability and efficacy. There are several strategies to improve their efficacy or protective effects, such as incorporation of adjuvants, enzyme inhibitors, mucoadhesive or penetrating devices and permeation enhancers. Hence, efficient delivery of OPAVs into GIT require proper delivery systems mainly including smart target systems, probiotics, muco-adhesive carriers, lipid- and plant-based delivery systems and nano- and microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Hashemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Shirin Mahmoodi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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18
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Yadaorao Raut S, Fu K, Taichun H, Gahane A, Chaudhari D, Kushwah V, Suresh Managuli R, Hegde AR, Jain S, Kalthur G, Bandu Joshi M, Chang HI, Dai NT, Mutalik S. Engineered Nano-carrier Systems for the oral targeted delivery of Follicle Stimulating Hormone: Development, characterization, and, assessment of in vitro and in vivo performance and targetability. Int J Pharm 2023; 637:122868. [PMID: 36958606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is widely used for the treatment of female infertility, where the level of FSH is suboptimal due to which arrest in follicular development and anovulation takes place. Currently, only parenteral formulations are available for FSH in the market. Due to the drawbacks of parenteral administration and the high market shares of FSH, there is a need for easily accessible oral formulation. Therefore, enteric coated capsules filled with FSH loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) or liposomes were prepared. Preliminary studies such as circular dichroism, SDS-PAGE, FTIR and ELISA were conducted to analyze FSH. Prepared formulations were optimized with respect to the size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency using the design of experiments. Optimized formulations were subjected to particle counts and distribution analysis, TEM analysis, in vitro drug release, dissolution of enteric coated capsules, cell line studies, everted sac rat's intestinal uptake study, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and stability studies. In the case of liposomes, RGD conjugation was done by carbodiimide chemistry and conjugation was confirmed by FTIR, 1HNMR and Raman spectroscopy. The prepared formulations were discrete and spherical. The release of FSH from enteric coated capsules was slow and sustained. The increased permeability of nano-formulations was observed in Caco-2 monoculture as well as in Caco-2 and Raji-B co-culture models. NLCs and liposomes showed an improvement in oral bioavailability and efficacy of FSH in rats. This may be due to mainly chylomicron-assisted lymphatic uptake of NLCs; whereas, in the case of liposomes, RGD-based targeting of β1 integrins of M cells on Peyer's patches may be the main reason for the better effect by FSH. FSH was found to be stable chemically and conformationally. Overall, the study reveals the successful development and evaluation of FSH loaded NLCs and liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Yadaorao Raut
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Kengyen Fu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan 114
| | - Huang Taichun
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan 114
| | - Avinash Gahane
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh State, India
| | - Dasharath Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab State, India
| | - Varun Kushwah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab State, India
| | - Renuka Suresh Managuli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Aswathi R Hegde
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New B.E.L. Road, M.S.R. Nagar, M.S.R.I.T Post, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka State, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab State, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Manjunath Bandu Joshi
- Department of Aging Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Hsin-I Chang
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Technology, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Niann-Tzyy Dai
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan 114
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India.
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19
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Abo-Shaban T, Sharna SS, Hosie S, Lee CYQ, Balasuriya GK, McKeown SJ, Franks AE, Hill-Yardin EL. Issues for patchy tissues: defining roles for gut-associated lymphoid tissue in neurodevelopment and disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:269-280. [PMID: 36309872 PMCID: PMC10033573 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Individuals diagnosed with neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD; autism) often experience tissue inflammation as well as gastrointestinal dysfunction, yet their underlying causes remain poorly characterised. Notably, the largest components of the body's immune system, including gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), lie within the gastrointestinal tract. A major constituent of GALT in humans comprises secretory lymphoid aggregates known as Peyer's patches that sense and combat constant exposure to pathogens and infectious agents. Essential to the functions of Peyer's patches is its communication with the enteric nervous system (ENS), an intrinsic neural network that regulates gastrointestinal function. Crosstalk between these tissues contribute to the microbiota-gut-brain axis that altogether influences mood and behaviour. Increasing evidence further points to a critical role for this signalling axis in neurodevelopmental homeostasis and disease. Notably, while the neuroimmunomodulatory functions for Peyer's patches are increasingly better understood, functions for tissues of analogous function, such as caecal patches, remain less well characterised. Here, we compare the structure, function and development of Peyer's patches, as well as caecal and appendix patches in humans and model organisms including mice to highlight the roles for these essential tissues in health and disease. We propose that perturbations to GALT function may underlie inflammatory disorders and gastrointestinal dysfunction in neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Abo-Shaban
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - S S Sharna
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Hosie
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - C Y Q Lee
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - G K Balasuriya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - S J McKeown
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - A E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - E L Hill-Yardin
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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20
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Nasal sprays for treating COVID-19: a scientific note. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:249-265. [PMID: 36848033 PMCID: PMC9969373 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical management of COVID-19 has been a daunting task. Due to the lack of specific treatment, vaccines have been regarded as the first line of defence. Innate responses and cell-mediated systemic immunity, including serum antibodies, have been the primary focus of practically all studies of the immune response to COVID-19. However, owing to the difficulties encountered by the conventional route, alternative routes for prophylaxis and therapy became the need of the hour. The first site invaded by SARS-CoV-2 is the upper respiratory tract. Nasal vaccines are already in different stages of development. Apart from prophylactic purposes, mucosal immunity can be exploited for therapeutic purposes too. The nasal route for drug delivery offers many advantages over the conventional route. Besides offering a needle-free delivery, they can be self-administered. They present less logistical burden as there is no need for refrigeration. The present article focuses on various aspects of nasal spray for eliminating COVID-19.
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21
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Luna Velez M, Neikes HK, Snabel RR, Quint Y, Qian C, Martens A, Veenstra G, Freeman MR, van Heeringen S, Vermeulen M. ONECUT2 regulates RANKL-dependent enterocyte and microfold cell differentiation in the small intestine; a multi-omics study. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:1277-1296. [PMID: 36625255 PMCID: PMC9943655 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfold (M) cells reside in the intestinal epithelium of Peyer's patches (PP). Their unique ability to take up and transport antigens from the intestinal lumen to the underlying lymphoid tissue is key in the regulation of the gut-associated immune response. Here, we applied a multi-omics approach to investigate the molecular mechanisms that drive M cell differentiation in mouse small intestinal organoids. We generated a comprehensive profile of chromatin accessibility changes and transcription factor dynamics during in vitro M cell differentiation, allowing us to uncover numerous cell type-specific regulatory elements and associated transcription factors. By using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified an enterocyte and M cell precursor population. We used our newly developed computational tool SCEPIA to link precursor cell-specific gene expression to transcription factor motif activity in cis-regulatory elements, uncovering high expression of and motif activity for the transcription factor ONECUT2. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo perturbation experiments revealed that ONECUT2 acts downstream of the RANK/RANKL signalling axis to support enterocyte differentiation, thereby restricting M cell lineage specification. This study sheds new light on the mechanism regulating cell fate balance in the PP, and it provides a powerful blueprint for investigation of cell fate switches in the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Luna Velez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah K Neikes
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca R Snabel
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Yarah Quint
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Aniek Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan C Veenstra
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Simon J van Heeringen
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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22
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Complexification of In Vitro Models of Intestinal Barriers, A True Challenge for a More Accurate Alternative Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043595. [PMID: 36835003 PMCID: PMC9958734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of cell models is common to mimic cellular and molecular events in interaction with their environment. In the case of the gut, the existing models are of particular interest to evaluate food, toxicants, or drug effects on the mucosa. To have the most accurate model, cell diversity and the complexity of the interactions must be considered. Existing models range from single-cell cultures of absorptive cells to more complex combinations of two or more cell types. This work describes the existing solutions and the challenges that remain to be solved.
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Nakahashi-Ouchida R, Fujihashi K, Kurashima Y, Yuki Y, Kiyono H. Nasal vaccines: solutions for respiratory infectious diseases. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:124-140. [PMID: 36435633 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nasal vaccines induce pathogen-specific dual protective immunity at mucosal surfaces and systemically throughout the body. Consequently, nasal vaccines both prevent pathogen invasion and reduce disease severity. Because of these features, nasal vaccines are considered to be a next-generation tool for preventing respiratory infectious diseases, including COVID-19. However, nasal vaccines must overcome key safety concerns given the anatomic proximity of the central nervous system (CNS) via the olfactory bulbs which lie next to the nasal cavity. This review summarizes current efforts to develop safe and effective nasal vaccines and delivery systems, as well as their clinical applications for the prevention of respiratory infections. We also discuss various concerns regarding the safety of nasal vaccines and introduce a system for evaluating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Nakahashi-Ouchida
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Future Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development Synergy Institute, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Future Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development Synergy Institute, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Future Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development Synergy Institute, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Chiba University-University of California San Diego (CU-UCSD) Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (cMAV), Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan; HanaVax Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Future Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development Synergy Institute, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Chiba University-University of California San Diego (CU-UCSD) Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (cMAV), Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Mucosal Immunology and Allergy Therapeutics, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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24
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Sun L, Zhao N, Li H, Wang B, Li H, Zhang X, Zhao X. Construction of a Lactobacillus plantarum-based claudin-3 targeting delivery system for the development of vaccines against Eimeria tenella. Vaccine 2023; 41:756-765. [PMID: 36526500 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide and currently lacks effective live vector vaccines. Achieving efficient antigen delivery to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is critical for improving the effectiveness of vaccines. Here, chicken claudin-3 (CLDN3), a tight junction protein expressed in MALT, was identified as a target, and the C-terminal region of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) was proven to bind to chicken CLDN3. Then, a CLDN3-targeting Lactobacillus plantarum NC8-expressing C-CPE surface display system (NC8/GFP-C-CPE) was constructed to successfully express the heterologous protein on the surface of L. plantarum. The colonization level of NC8/GFP-C-CPE was significantly increased compared to the non-targeting strain and could persist in the intestine for at least 72 h. An oral vaccine strain expressing five EGF domains of Eimeria tenella microneme protein 8 (EtMIC8-EGF) (NC8/EtMIC8-EGF-C-CPE) was constructed to evaluate the protective efficacy against E. tenella infection. The results revealed that CLDN3-targeting L. plantarum induced stronger mucosal immunity in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) as well as humoral responses and conferred better protection in terms of parasite replication and pathology than the non-targeting strain. Overall, we successfully constructed a CLDN3-targeting L. plantarum NC8 surface display system characterized by MALT-targeting, which is an efficient antigen delivery system to confer enhanced protective efficacy in chickens against E. tenella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ningning Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bingxiang Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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25
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McCoubrey LE, Favaron A, Awad A, Orlu M, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Colonic drug delivery: Formulating the next generation of colon-targeted therapeutics. J Control Release 2023; 353:1107-1126. [PMID: 36528195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Colonic drug delivery can facilitate access to unique therapeutic targets and has the potential to enhance drug bioavailability whilst reducing off-target effects. Delivering drugs to the colon requires considered formulation development, as both oral and rectal dosage forms can encounter challenges if the colon's distinct physiological environment is not appreciated. As the therapeutic opportunities surrounding colonic drug delivery multiply, the success of novel pharmaceuticals lies in their design. This review provides a modern insight into the key parameters determining the effective design and development of colon-targeted medicines. Influential physiological features governing the release, dissolution, stability, and absorption of drugs in the colon are first discussed, followed by an overview of the most reliable colon-targeted formulation strategies. Finally, the most appropriate in vitro, in vivo, and in silico preclinical investigations are presented, with the goal of inspiring strategic development of new colon-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E McCoubrey
- 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Alessia Favaron
- 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Atheer Awad
- 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Mine Orlu
- 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
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26
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Bonilla-Díaz A, Ordóñez-Morán P. Differentiated Epithelial Cells of the Gut. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2650:3-16. [PMID: 37310619 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3076-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is a prime example of self-renewal where stem cells give rise to progenitor cells called transit-amplifying cells which differentiate into more specialized cells. There are two intestinal lineages: the absorptive (enterocytes and microfold cells) and the secretory (Paneth cells, enteroendocrine, goblet cells, and tuft cells). Each of these differentiated cell types has a role in creating an "ecosystem" to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Here, we summarize the main roles of each cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonilla-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine , University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Ordóñez-Morán
- Translational Medical Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute-3, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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27
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The vermiform cecal appendix, expendable or essential? A narrative review. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2022; 38:570-576. [PMID: 36165025 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The vermiform cecal appendix is a small thin pouch-like tube of intestinal tissue situated in the lower right abdomen. It is attached at the junction of the large intestine between the ascending colon and small intestine. Historically, the appendix has been labeled redundant with no significant function, a remnant of evolution. This idea was thought to represent a function that may have been critical for survival that became nonsignificant over time. Evolutionary biologists deemed it to be a vestigial organ that early in human evolution was a dedicated organ that was useful and exploited by herbivorous ancestors. RECENT FINDINGS Currently, the vermiform cecal appendix has generated significant renewed research interest. As such it has been reported to present a site with a high concentration of lymphoid tissue and a biofilm microbiome that approximately mirrors that which is found in the large bowel. SUMMARY Research suggests that the vermiform cecal appendix may be the site of a safe-house biofilm that could re-inoculate the large bowel. Given that the appendix has no known role in digestion, the network of lymphoid tissue and microbiome could constitute an initial site of bacterial translocations that can influence early life ontology and immunological tolerance. A dysbiotic microbiome in the appendix is posited to trigger inflammatory sequelae.
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28
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Stojanović O, Miguel-Aliaga I, Trajkovski M. Intestinal plasticity and metabolism as regulators of organismal energy homeostasis. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1444-1458. [PMID: 36396854 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine displays marked anatomical and functional plasticity that includes adaptive alterations in adult gut morphology, enteroendocrine cell profile and their hormone secretion, as well as nutrient utilization and storage. In this Perspective, we examine how shifts in dietary and environmental conditions bring about changes in gut size, and describe how the intestine adapts to changes in internal state, bowel resection and gastric bypass surgery. We highlight the critical importance of these intestinal remodelling processes in maintaining energy balance of the organism, and in protecting the metabolism of other organs. The intestinal resizing is supported by changes in the microbiota composition, and by activation of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism, which govern the intestinal stem cell proliferation, intestinal cell fate, as well as survivability of differentiated epithelial cells. The discovery that intestinal remodelling is part of the normal physiological adaptation to various triggers, and the potential for harnessing the reversible gut plasticity, in our view, holds extraordinary promise for developing therapeutic approaches against metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozren Stojanović
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Mirko Trajkovski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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29
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Stalder T, Zaiter T, El-Basset W, Cornu R, Martin H, Diab-Assaf M, Béduneau A. Interaction and toxicity of ingested nanoparticles on the intestinal barrier. Toxicology 2022; 481:153353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Ren Y, Wu W, Zhang X. The feasibility of oral targeted drug delivery: gut immune to particulates? Acta Pharm Sin B 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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31
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Levit R, Cortes-Perez NG, de Moreno de Leblanc A, Loiseau J, Aucouturier A, Langella P, LeBlanc JG, Bermúdez-Humarán LG. Use of genetically modified lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria as live delivery vectors for human and animal health. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2110821. [PMID: 35960855 PMCID: PMC9377234 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2110821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is now strong evidence to support the interest in using lactic acid bacteria (LAB)in particular, strains of lactococci and lactobacilli, as well as bifidobacteria, for the development of new live vectors for human and animal health purposes. LAB are Gram-positive bacteria that have been used for millennia in the production of fermented foods. In addition, numerous studies have shown that genetically modified LAB and bifodobacteria can induce a systemic and mucosal immune response against certain antigens when administered mucosally. They are therefore good candidates for the development of new mucosal delivery strategies and are attractive alternatives to vaccines based on attenuated pathogenic bacteria whose use presents health risks. This article reviews the most recent research and advances in the use of LAB and bifidobacteria as live delivery vectors for human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Levit
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, (T4000ILC) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Naima G. Cortes-Perez
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR 0496, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alejandra de Moreno de Leblanc
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, (T4000ILC) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jade Loiseau
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne Aucouturier
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean Guy LeBlanc
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, (T4000ILC) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France,CONTACT Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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32
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Correa VA, Portilho AI, De Gaspari E. Vaccines, Adjuvants and Key Factors for Mucosal Immune Response. Immunology 2022; 167:124-138. [PMID: 35751397 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are the most effective tool to control infectious diseases, which provoke significant morbidity and mortality. Most vaccines are administered through the parenteral route and can elicit a robust systemic humoral response, but they induce a weak T-cell-mediated immunity and are poor inducers of mucosal protection. Considering that most pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces, a vaccine that elicits protection in the first site of contact between the host and the pathogen is promising. However, despite the advantages of mucosal vaccines as good options to confer protection on the mucosal surface, only a few mucosal vaccines are currently approved. In this review, we discuss the impact of vaccine administration in different mucosal surfaces; how appropriate adjuvants enhance the induction of protective mucosal immunity and other factors that can influence the mucosal immune response to vaccines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Araujo Correa
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, Immunology Center, Av Dr Arnaldo, 355, 11th floor, room 1116, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,São Paulo University, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415, ICB III, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Izeli Portilho
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, Immunology Center, Av Dr Arnaldo, 355, 11th floor, room 1116, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,São Paulo University, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415, ICB III, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth De Gaspari
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, Immunology Center, Av Dr Arnaldo, 355, 11th floor, room 1116, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,São Paulo University, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415, ICB III, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Nasser A, Mosadegh M, Azimi T, Shariati A. Molecular mechanisms of Shigella effector proteins: a common pathogen among diarrheic pediatric population. Mol Cell Pediatr 2022; 9:12. [PMID: 35718793 PMCID: PMC9207015 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-022-00145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different gastrointestinal pathogens cause diarrhea which is a very common problem in children aged under 5 years. Among bacterial pathogens, Shigella is one of the main causes of diarrhea among children, and it accounts for approximately 11% of all deaths among children aged under 5 years. The case-fatality rates for Shigella among the infants and children aged 1 to 4 years are 13.9% and 9.4%, respectively. Shigella uses unique effector proteins to modulate intracellular pathways. Shigella cannot invade epithelial cells on the apical site; therefore, it needs to pass epithelium through other cells rather than the epithelial cell. After passing epithelium, macrophage swallows Shigella, and the latter should prepare itself to exhibit at least two types of responses: (I) escaping phagocyte and (II) mediating invasion of and injury to the recurrent PMN. The presence of PMN and invitation to a greater degree resulted in gut membrane injuries and greater bacterial penetration. Infiltration of Shigella to the basolateral space mediates (A) cell attachment, (B) cell entry, (C) evasion of autophagy recognition, (D) vacuole formation and and vacuole rapture, (E) intracellular life, (F) Shiga toxin, and (G) immune response. In this review, an attempt is made to explain the role of each factor in Shigella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nasser
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mosadegh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Azimi
- Department of Bacteriology & Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and medicine research center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
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Mechanisms for the Invasion and Dissemination of Salmonella. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:2655801. [PMID: 35722038 PMCID: PMC9203224 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2655801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a gastroenteric Gram-negative bacterium that can infect both humans and animals and causes millions of illnesses per year around the world. Salmonella infections usually occur after the consumption of contaminated food or water. Infections with Salmonella species can cause diseases ranging from enterocolitis to typhoid fever. Salmonella has developed multiple strategies to invade and establish a systemic infection in the host. Different cell types, including epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and M cells, are important in the infection process of Salmonella. Dissemination throughout the body and colonization of remote organs are hallmarks of Salmonella infection. There are several routes for the dissemination of Salmonella typhimurium. This review summarizes the current understanding of the infection mechanisms of Salmonella. Additionally, different routes of Salmonella infection will be discussed. In this review, the strategies used by Salmonella enterica to establish persistent infection will be discussed. Understanding both the bacterial and host factors leading to the successful colonization of Salmonella enterica may enable the rational design of effective therapeutic strategies.
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35
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Safety aspects of natural food additives frequently used at their maximum levels in South Korea. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hathout RM. Do Polymeric Nanoparticles Really Enhance the Bioavailability of Oral Drugs? A Quantitative Answer Using Meta-Analysis. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020119. [PMID: 35200500 PMCID: PMC8872407 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral route remains one of the most popular and important routes of administration for drugs—one that warrants the development of advanced drug delivery systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles capable of enhancing the absorption and bioavailability of the used drugs. In this work, a systematic review of published works on several databases, followed by a meta-analysis, were utilized in order to navigate the published studies and access literature-based evidence about the capability of polymeric nanoparticulate systems to augment the absorption and bioavailability of orally administered drugs. The pharmacokinetic parameter of the area under the curve (AUC) was utilized as the “effect” of this meta-analytical study. The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant increase in AUC compared to conventional formulations. Furthermore, comparing the synthetic polymeric nanoparticles, versus their naturally-based administered counterparts, as subgroups of the meta-analysis, revealed no significant differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Masjedi M, Montahaei T, Sharafi Z, Jalali A. Pulmonary vaccine delivery: An emerging strategy for vaccination and immunotherapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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HARA T, IGARASHI A, TERADAIRA T, JOH T. Heat-killed <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i> K71 isolated from Sakekasu (sake lees) enhances Th1 response, NK cell cytotoxicity and fecal IgA content in normal BALB/c mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-21-00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi HARA
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University
| | - Akira IGARASHI
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University
| | | | - Toshio JOH
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University
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Hryn V, Kostylenko Y, Svintsytska N, Bilash V, Lytovka V. THE ISSUE OF HISTOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF М-CELLS IN THE PEYER'S PATCHES OF ALBINO RAT SMALL INTESTINE. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2022; 75:1309-1312. [PMID: 35758449 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202205214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: Based on the above cytological signs of M-cells, we set the goal of more detailed clarification of some of their topological relationships with other enterocytes in the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches of albino rat small intestine. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: 10 mature albino male rats weighted 200,0±20,0 g were involved into the study. Anatomical dissection with the sampling of the sections of the small intestine containing Peyer's patches was carried out with subsequent embedment of the latter into paraffin blocks and making of serial histological sections of 4 μm thick in the cross-section of the small intestine, followed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The specimens were studied and documented on the "Konus" light microscope equipped. Morphometric characteristics of the specimen tissue structures were studied using the Sigeta X 1 mm/100 Div.x0.01mm stage micrometer. RESULTS Results: The findings of the study revealed enterocytes with phagocytic properties found in the lymphoid-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches of the small intestine of albino rats. Moreover, if they are clearly visualized at the light-optical level, then M-cells are poorly recognizable, which is consistent with a similar assessment made by other authors. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Given this, the issue on the topology and functional purpose of M-cells remains uncertain to date and, thereby, the prospect of further research is being outlined, which, in our opinion, can be successful using the method of stereomorphological analysis. For this purpose, multilayer plastic reconstruction methods can be used for serial semi-thin sections of Peyer's patches embedded in epoxy resin, according to the requirements of transmission electron microscopy.
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Mboko WP, Chhabra P, Valcarce MD, Costantini V, Vinjé J. Advances in understanding of the innate immune response to human norovirus infection using organoid models. J Gen Virol 2022; 103:10.1099/jgv.0.001720. [PMID: 35077345 PMCID: PMC8984994 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is the leading cause of epidemic and endemic acute gastroenteritis worldwide and the most frequent cause of foodborne illness in the United States. There is no specific treatment for norovirus infections and therapeutic interventions are based on alleviating symptoms and limiting viral transmission. The immune response to norovirus is not completely understood and mechanistic studies have been hindered by lack of a robust cell culture system. In recent years, the human intestinal enteroid/human intestinal organoid system (HIE/HIO) has enabled successful human norovirus replication. Cells derived from HIE have also successfully been subjected to genetic manipulation using viral vectors as well as CRISPR/Cas9 technology, thereby allowing studies to identify antiviral signaling pathways important in controlling norovirus infection. RNA sequencing using HIE cells has been used to investigate the transcriptional landscape during norovirus infection and to identify antiviral genes important in infection. Other cell culture platforms such as the microfluidics-based gut-on-chip technology in combination with the HIE/HIO system also have the potential to address fundamental questions on innate immunity to human norovirus. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in understanding the innate immune response to human norovirus infections in the HIE system, including the application of advanced molecular technologies that have become available in recent years such as the CRISPR/Cas9 and RNA sequencing, as well as the potential application of single cell transcriptomics, viral proteomics, and gut-on-a-chip technology to further elucidate innate immunity to norovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadzanai P. Mboko
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Preeti Chhabra
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Marta Diez Valcarce
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Veronica Costantini
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jan Vinjé
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Le T, Aguilar B, Mangal JL, Acharya AP. Oral drug delivery for immunoengineering. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10243. [PMID: 35111945 PMCID: PMC8780903 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic pharmacotherapeutic efficacy of immunomodulatory drugs is heavily influenced by its route of administration. A few common routes for the systemic delivery of immunotherapeutics are intravenous, intraperitoneal, and intramuscular injections. However, the development of novel biomaterials, in adjunct to current progress in immunoengineering, is providing an exciting area of interest for oral drug delivery for systemic targeting. Oral immunotherapeutic delivery is a highly preferred route of administration due to its ease of administration, higher patient compliance, and increased ability to generate specialized immune responses. However, the harsh environment and slow systemic absorption, due to various biological barriers, reduces the immunotherapeutic bioavailability, and in turn prevents widespread use of oral delivery. Nonetheless, cutting edge biomaterials are being synthesized to combat these biological barriers within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract for the enhancement of drug bioavailability and targeting the immune system. For example, advancements in biomaterials and synthesized drug agents have provided distinctive methods to promote localized drug absorption for the modulation of local or systemic immune responses. Additionally, novel breakthroughs in the immunoengineering field show promise in the development of vaccine delivery systems for disease prevention as well as combating autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. This review will discuss current progress made within the field of biomaterials and drug delivery systems to enhance oral immunotherapeutic availability, and how these new delivery platforms can be utilized to deliver immunotherapeutics for resolution of immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Le
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and EnergyArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Brian Aguilar
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Joslyn L. Mangal
- Biological Design, School for Biological and Health Systems EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Abhinav P. Acharya
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and EnergyArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
- Biological Design, School for Biological and Health Systems EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and energyArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and VirotherapyArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
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Lee Y, Kamada N, Moon JJ. Oral nanomedicine for modulating immunity, intestinal barrier functions, and gut microbiome. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114021. [PMID: 34710529 PMCID: PMC8665886 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) affects not only local diseases in the GIT but also various systemic diseases. Factors that can affect the health and disease of both GIT and the human body include 1) the mucosal immune system composed of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues and the lamina propria, 2) the intestinal barrier composed of mucus and intestinal epithelium, and 3) the gut microbiota. Selective delivery of drugs, including antigens, immune-modulators, intestinal barrier enhancers, and gut-microbiome manipulators, has shown promising results for oral vaccines, immune tolerance, treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, and other systemic diseases, including cancer. However, physicochemical and biological barriers of the GIT present significant challenges for successful translation. With the advances of novel nanomaterials, oral nanomedicine has emerged as an attractive option to not only overcome these barriers but also to selectively deliver drugs to the target sites in GIT. In this review, we discuss the GIT factors and physicochemical and biological barriers in the GIT. Furthermore, we present the recent progress of oral nanomedicine for oral vaccines, immune tolerance, and anti-inflammation therapies. We also discuss recent advances in oral nanomedicine designed to fortify the intestinal barrier functions and modulate the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. Finally, we opine about the future directions of oral nano-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
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Debnath N, Thakur M, Khushboo, Negi NP, Gautam V, Kumar Yadav A, Kumar D. Insight of oral vaccines as an alternative approach to health and disease management: An innovative intuition and challenges. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:327-346. [PMID: 34755343 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most suitable and persuasive healthcare program for the prohibition of various deadly diseases. However, the higher production cost and purification strategies are out of reach for the developing nations. In this scenario, development of edible vaccine turns out to be the most promising alternative for remodeling the pharmaceutical industry with reduced production and purification costs. Generally, oral route of vaccination is mostly preferred due to its safety, compliance, low manufacturing cost and most importantly the ability to induce immunity in both systemic and mucosal sites. Genetically modified microorganisms and plants could efficiently be used as vehicles for edible vaccines. Edible vaccines are supposed to reduce the risk associated with traditional vaccines. Currently, oral vaccines are available in the market for several viral and bacterial diseases like cholera, hepatitis B, malaria, rabies etc. Herein, the review focuses on the breakthrough events in the area of edible vaccines associated with dietary microbes and plants for better control over diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabendu Debnath
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Mony Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Khushboo
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam P Negi
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Alotaibi BS, Buabeid M, Ibrahim NA, Kharaba ZJ, Ijaz M, Murtaza G. Recent strategies driving oral biologic administration. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1587-1601. [PMID: 34612121 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1990044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High patient compliance, noninvasiveness, and self-administration are the leading features of vaccine delivery through the oral route. The implementation of swift mass vaccination campaigns in pandemic outbreaks fascinates the use of oral vaccination. This approach can elicit both mucosal and systemic immune responses to protect against infection at the surface of the mucosa. AREA COVERED As pathogen entry and spread mainly occurs through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) mucosal surfaces, oral vaccination may protect and limit disease spread. Oral vaccines target various potential mucosal inductive sites in the GIT, such as the oral cavity, gastric area, and small intestine. Orally delivered vaccines having subunit and nucleic acid pass through various GIT-associated risks, such as the biodegradation of biologics and their reduced absorption. This article presents a summarized review of the existing technologies and prospects for oral vaccination. EXPERT OPINION The intestinal mucosa focuses on current approaches, while future strategies target new mucosal sites, i.e. oral cavity and stomach. Recent developments in biologic delivery through the oral route and their potential use in future oral vaccination are mainly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah Shadid Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Buabeid
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, UAE.,Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nihal Abdalla Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, UAE.,Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zelal Jaber Kharaba
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munazza Ijaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Biofilm Formation and Virulence of Shigella flexneri Are Modulated by pH of Gastrointestinal Tract. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0038721. [PMID: 34424745 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00387-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella infection remains a public health problem in much of the world. Classic models of Shigella pathogenesis suggest that microfold epithelial cells in the small intestine are the preferred initial site of invasion. However, recent evidence supports an alternative model in which Shigella primarily infects a much wider range of epithelial cells that reside primarily in the colon. Here, we investigated whether the luminal pH difference between the small intestine and the colon could provide evidence in support of either model of Shigella flexneri pathogenesis. Because virulence factors culminating in cellular invasion are linked to biofilms in S. flexneri, we examined the effect of pH on the ability of S. flexneri to form and maintain adherent biofilms induced by deoxycholate. We showed that a basic pH (as expected in the small intestine) inhibited formation of biofilms and dispersed preassembled mature biofilms, while an acidic pH (similar to the colonic environment) did not permit either of these effects. To further elucidate this phenomenon at the molecular level, we probed the transcriptomes of biofilms and S. flexneri grown under different pH conditions. We identified specific amino acid (cysteine and arginine) metabolic pathways that were enriched in the bacteria that formed the biofilms but decreased when the pH increased. We then utilized a type III secretion system reporter strain to show that increasing pH reduced deoxycholate-induced virulence of S. flexneri in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these experiments support a model in which Shigella infection is favored in the colon because of the local pH differences in these organs.
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Pilicheva B, Boyuklieva R. Can the Nasal Cavity Help Tackle COVID-19? Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1612. [PMID: 34683904 PMCID: PMC8537957 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress made in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, it still poses dramatic challenges for scientists around the world. Various approaches are applied, including repurposed medications and alternative routes for administration. Several vaccines have been approved, and many more are under clinical and preclinical investigation. This review aims to systemize the available information and to outline the key therapeutic strategies for COVID-19, based on the nasal route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bissera Pilicheva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Boyuklieva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
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Parlak Ak T. Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) Histology and Its Role in Various Pathologies. Vet Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The lower respiratory tract is in direct communication with the external environment for gas exchange to occur. Therefore, it is constantly exposed to allergens, antigens, bacteria, viruses, and a wide variety of airborne foreign bodies. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), which develops in response to these exposures and is one of the most prominent representatives of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), is important for generating rapid and specific bronchopulmonary adaptive immune responses. Therefore, this chapter focuses on the lymphoid architecture of BALT, which was first discovered in the bronchial wall of rabbits, its inducible form called inducible BALT (iBALT), its immunological response mechanisms, and its roles in certain pathologies including infectious and autoimmune diseases as well as in allergic and malignant conditions. In conclusion, it is hypothesized that BALT plays an important role in maintaining health and in the development of lower respiratory tract diseases; thanks to the pulmonary immune system in which it functions as a functional lymphoid tissue.
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Subramanian P. Lipid-Based Nanocarrier System for the Effective Delivery of Nutraceuticals. Molecules 2021; 26:5510. [PMID: 34576981 PMCID: PMC8468612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals possess several health benefits and functions; however, most nutraceuticals are prone to degradation in the gastrointestinal environment and have poor bioavailability. Application of a novel carrier system is of increasing importance to overcome obstacles and provide efficient applicability. Lipid-based nanocarriers provide a large surface-to-mass ratio, enhanced intestinal absorption by solubilization in the intestinal milieu, intestinal lymphatic transport, and altering enterocyte-based transport. A critical overview of the current limitation, preparation, and application of lipid-based nanocarriers (liposomes and niosomes) and lipid nanoparticles (SLNs and NLCs) is discussed. Physical and gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability of nanoencapsulated nutraceuticals are considered as well.
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Unfer V, Tilotta M, Kaya C, Noventa M, Török P, Alkatout I, Gitas G, Bilotta G, Laganà AS. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of hyaluronic acid during pregnancy: a matter of molecular weight. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:823-840. [PMID: 33999749 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1931682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For many years hyaluronic acid (HA) was mainly used for its hydrating properties. However, new applications have recently arisen, considering the biological properties of HA and its molecular weight. Clinical application of low molecular weight HA (LMW-HA) initially was supported by specific absorption data. The identification of high molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) absorption pathways and the knowledge of its physiological role allowed to evaluate its clinical application. Based on the immunomodulatory properties of HMW-HA and its physiological involvement as signaling molecule, pregnancy represents an interesting context of application. AREA COVERED This expert opinion includes in-vitro, in-vivo, ex-vivo and clinical studies on gestational models. It provides an overview of the physiological and the therapeutic role of HMW-HA in pregnancy starting from its metabolism. Indeed, HMW-HA is widely involved in several physiological processes as implantation, immune response, uterine quiescence and cervical remodeling, and therefore is an essential molecule for a successful pregnancy. EXPERT OPINION Available evidence suggests that HMW-HA administration can support physiological pregnancy, favoring blastocyst adhesion and development, preventing miscarriage and pre-term birth. For this reason, supplementation in pregnancy should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cihan Kaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marco Noventa
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Péter Török
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ibrahim Alkatout
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Georgios Gitas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital,University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Alterations in gut microbiota linked to provenance, sex, and chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Sci Rep 2021; 11:13218. [PMID: 34168170 PMCID: PMC8225879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal, contagious, neurodegenerative prion disease affecting both free-ranging and captive cervid species. CWD is spread via direct or indirect contact or oral ingestion of prions. In the gastrointestinal tract, prions enter the body through microfold cells (M-cells), and the abundance of these cells can be influenced by the gut microbiota. To explore potential links between the gut microbiota and CWD, we collected fecal samples from farmed and free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) around the Midwest, USA. Farmed deer originated from farms that were depopulated due to CWD. Free-ranging deer were sampled during annual deer harvests. All farmed deer were tested for CWD via ELISA and IHC, and we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the gut microbiota. We report significant differences in gut microbiota by provenance (Farm 1, Farm 2, Free-ranging), sex, and CWD status. CWD-positive deer from Farm 1 and 2 had increased abundances of Akkermansia, Lachnospireacea UCG-010, and RF39 taxa. Overall, differences by provenance and sex appear to be driven by diet, while differences by CWD status may be linked to CWD pathogenesis.
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