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Barnes NM, Damare SR, Bhatawadekar VC, Garg A, Lotlikar NP. Degradation of crude oil-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by marine-derived fungi. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:335. [PMID: 37693637 PMCID: PMC10482808 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major environmental concerns today is hydrocarbon contamination resulting from the activities related to the petrochemical industry. Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons like alkanes, naphthene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are known to be highly toxic to humans and animals due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. PAHs are environmentally recalcitrant due to their hydrophobicity which makes them difficult to degrade, thus making them persistent environmental contaminants. The mechanical and chemical methods in practice currently to remove hydrocarbon contaminants have limited effectiveness and are expensive. Bioremediation is a cost-effective technology for treating hydrocarbon-contaminated sites as it results in the complete mineralisation of the pollutant. This study demonstrates the degradation of crude oil and associated PAHs using ten fungal cultures isolated from the aquatic environment. The current study reported a 98.6% and 92.9% reduction in total PAHs in crude oil by Fusarium species, i.e. isolate NIOSN-T4 and NIOSN-T5, respectively. The fungal isolate, NIOSN-T4, identified as Fusarium equiseti, showed maximum PAH degradation efficiency of LMW PAHs 97.8%. NIOSN-M126, identified as Penicillium citrinum, exhibited a 100% removal of HMW PAHs. Microorganisms possess an untapped potential for various applications in biotechnology, and the current study demonstrated the potential of marine fungi for use in the bioremediation of xenobiotic hydrocarbons in the environment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03753-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Maria Barnes
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Panaji, Goa 403004 India
| | - Samir R. Damare
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Panaji, Goa 403004 India
| | - Vasudha C. Bhatawadekar
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Panaji, Goa 403004 India
| | - Anita Garg
- Analytical Services Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Panaji, Goa 403004 India
| | - Nikita Pradip Lotlikar
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Panaji, Goa 403004 India
- Present Address: School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa India
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2
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Ghosh S, Rusyn I, Dmytruk OV, Dmytruk KV, Onyeaka H, Gryzenhout M, Gafforov Y. Filamentous fungi for sustainable remediation of pharmaceutical compounds, heavy metal and oil hydrocarbons. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1106973. [PMID: 36865030 PMCID: PMC9971017 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1106973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive summary of the latest research in the field of bioremediation with filamentous fungi. The main focus is on the issue of recent progress in remediation of pharmaceutical compounds, heavy metal treatment and oil hydrocarbons mycoremediation that are usually insufficiently represented in other reviews. It encompasses a variety of cellular mechanisms involved in bioremediation used by filamentous fungi, including bio-adsorption, bio-surfactant production, bio-mineralization, bio-precipitation, as well as extracellular and intracellular enzymatic processes. Processes for wastewater treatment accomplished through physical, biological, and chemical processes are briefly described. The species diversity of filamentous fungi used in pollutant removal, including widely studied species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Verticillium, Phanerochaete and other species of Basidiomycota and Zygomycota are summarized. The removal efficiency of filamentous fungi and time of elimination of a wide variety of pollutant compounds and their easy handling make them excellent tools for the bioremediation of emerging contaminants. Various types of beneficial byproducts made by filamentous fungi, such as raw material for feed and food production, chitosan, ethanol, lignocellulolytic enzymes, organic acids, as well as nanoparticles, are discussed. Finally, challenges faced, future prospects, and how innovative technologies can be used to further exploit and enhance the abilities of fungi in wastewater remediation, are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa,*Correspondence: Soumya Ghosh, ,
| | - Iryna Rusyn
- Department of Ecology and Sustainaible Environmental Management, Viacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Olena V. Dmytruk
- Institute of Cell Biology NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine,Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Kostyantyn V. Dmytruk
- Institute of Cell Biology NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine,Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Helen Onyeaka
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marieka Gryzenhout
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Yusufjon Gafforov
- Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan,AKFA University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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3
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Marzuki I, Rosmiati R, Mustafa A, Sahabuddin S, Tarunamulia T, Susianingsih E, Hendrajat EA, Sahrijanna A, Muslimin M, Ratnawati E, Kamariah K, Nisaa K, Herlambang S, Gunawan S, Santi IS, Isnawan BH, Kaseng ES, Septiningsih E, Asaf R, Athirah A, Basri B. Potential Utilization of Bacterial Consortium of Symbionts Marine Sponges in Removing Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals, Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:86. [PMID: 36671778 PMCID: PMC9855174 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Toxic materials in waste generally contain several components of the global trending pollutant category, especially PAHs and heavy metals. Bioremediation technology for waste management that utilizes microorganisms (bacteria) has not been fully capable of breaking down these toxic materials into simple and environmentally friendly chemical products. This review paper examines the potential application of a consortium of marine sponge symbionts with high performance and efficiency in removing PAHs and heavy metal contaminants. The method was carried out through a review of several related research articles by the author and published by other researchers. The results of the study conclude that the development of global trending pollutant (GTP) bioremediation technology could be carried out to increase the efficiency of remediation. Several types of marine sponge symbiont bacteria, hydrocarbonoclastic (R-1), metalloclastic (R-2), and metallo-hydro-carbonoclastic (R-3), have the potential to be applied to improve waste removal performance. A consortium of crystalline bacterial preparations is required to mobilize into GTP-exposed sites rapidly. Bacterial symbionts of marine sponges can be traced mainly to sea sponges, whose body surface is covered with mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Marzuki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Fajar University, Makassar 90231, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Rosmiati Rosmiati
- Research Center for Fishery National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Akhmad Mustafa
- Research Center for Fishery National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sahabuddin Sahabuddin
- Research Center for Fishery National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Tarunamulia Tarunamulia
- Research Center for Fishery National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Endang Susianingsih
- Research Center for Fishery National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Erfan Andi Hendrajat
- Research Center for Fishery National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Andi Sahrijanna
- Research Center for Fishery National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Muslimin Muslimin
- Research Center for Fishery National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Erna Ratnawati
- Research Center for Fishery National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Kamariah Kamariah
- Research Center for Fishery National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Khairun Nisaa
- Research Center for Fishery National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Susila Herlambang
- Soil Science Departement of Agriculture Faculty Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran, Yogyakarta 55283, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sri Gunawan
- Department of Agrotechnology, Institut Pertanian Stiper, Yogyakarta 55283, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Idum Satia Santi
- Department of Agrotechnology, Institut Pertanian Stiper, Yogyakarta 55283, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Heri Isnawan
- Department of Agrotechnology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Bantul 55183, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ernawati Syahruddin Kaseng
- Agricultural Technology Education Department, Faculty of Engineering, Makassar State University, Makassar 90222, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Early Septiningsih
- Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ruzkiah Asaf
- Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Admi Athirah
- Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Basri Basri
- Institute of Health Science (STIK), Makassar 90231, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Kumar V, Kumar H, Vishal V, Lal S. Studies on the morphology, phylogeny, and bioremediation potential of Penicillium citrinum and Paecilomyces variotii (Eurotiales) from oil-contaminated areas. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:50. [PMID: 36598589 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil pollution is one of the most arduous issues to address, as it is hazardous to both public health and the environment. The discovery of novel biosurfactants-producing fungi and bacteria is in high demand due to their excellent properties and wide range of applications. The aim of this research is to isolate a powerful biosurfactant-producing fungus from the crude oil site near Barauni oil refinery in Bihar, India. Standard protocols were used to collect samples from the site. An integrative taxonomic approach was used, which included morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic analysis. The use of plating samples on Bushnell-Hass (BH) media aided in the isolation of a fungal strain from an enrichment culture. Two fungal strains isolated from contaminated soils, Penicillium citrinum and Paecilomyces variotti, showed potent oil degrading activity in a single culture. For preliminary biosurfactants screening, drop collapse assays, oil spreading, and emulsification activity tests were used. The results showed that the cultures performed well in the screening test and were further evaluated for degradation capacity. Different treatment periods (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days) were used to observe degradation in single cultures. A steady drop in pH, an alteration in optical density and an increase in carbon dioxide release showed the ability of fungal strain to degrade the crude oil in a single culture. Fungi mycelia provide a larger surface area for absorption and degradation of the pollutants in contaminated environment. They produce extracellular enzymes to degrade the oil, and at the same time absorb and utilise carbon, allowing them to remove toxic substances from the oil. Thus, they could be candidates for bioremediation of a hydrocarbon-contaminated site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834008, India
| | - Harsh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834008, India
| | - Vineet Vishal
- Department of Botany, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834008, India.,Department of Botany, Bangabasi Evening College, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700009, India
| | - Shalini Lal
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834008, India. .,Department of Botany, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834008, India.
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5
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Wolski EA. The versatility of <i>Penicillium</i> species to degrade organic pollutants and its use for wastewater treatment. STUDIES IN FUNGI 2023. [DOI: 10.48130/sif-2023-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Agrawal N, Kumar V, Shahi SK. Biodegradation and detoxification of phenanthrene in in vitro and in vivo conditions by a newly isolated ligninolytic fungus Coriolopsis byrsina strain APC5 and characterization of their metabolites for environmental safety. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:61767-61782. [PMID: 34231140 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recalcitrant organic pollutants generated from agricultural, industrial, and municipal sources, and their strong carcinogenic and teratogenic properties pose a harmful threat to human beings. The present study deals with the bioremediation of phenanthrene by a ligninolytic fungus, Coriolopsis byrsina (Mont.) Ryvarden strain APC5 (GenBank; KY418163.1), isolated from the fruiting body of decayed wood surface. During the experiment, Coriolopsis byrsina strain APC5 was found as a promising organism for the degradation and detoxification of phenanthrene (PHE) in in vitro and in vivo conditions. Further, HPLC analysis showed that the C. byrsina strain degraded 99.90% of 20 mg/L PHE in in vitro condition, whereas 77.48% degradation of 50 mg/L PHE was reported in in vivo condition. The maximum degradation of PHE was noted 25 °C temperature under shaking flask conditions at pH 6.0. Further, GC-MS analysis of fungal treated samples showed detection of 9,10-Dihydroxy phenanthrene, 2,2-Diphenic acid, phthalic acid, 4-heptyloxy phenol, benzene octyl, and acetic acid anhydride as the metabolic products of degraded PHE. Furthermore, the phytotoxicity evaluation of degraded PHE was observed through the seed germination method using Vigna radiata and Cicer arietinum seeds. The phytotoxicity results showed that the seed germination index and vegetative growth parameters of tested plants were increased in the degraded PHE soil. As results, C. byrsina strain APC5 was found to be a potential and promising organism to degrade and detoxify PHE without showing any adverse effect of their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Agrawal
- Bio-Resource Tech Laboratory, Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Bio-Resource Tech Laboratory, Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Shahi
- Bio-Resource Tech Laboratory, Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India.
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7
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Imam A, Suman SK, Vempatapu BP, Tripathi D, Ray A, Kanaujia PK. Pyrene remediation by Trametes maxima: an insight into secretome response and degradation pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:44135-44147. [PMID: 35122201 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid pace of economic development has resulted in the release of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into the environment. Microbial degradation using white-rot fungi is a promising method for the removal of PAHs from the environment. In the present study, biodegradation of recalcitrant PAH by a white-rot fungus, Trametes maxima IIPLC-32, was investigated using pyrene. The pyrene concentration decreased by 79.80%, 65.37%, and 56.37% within 16 days from the initial levels of 10 mg L-1, 25 mg L-1, and 50 mg L-1, respectively. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric identification of prominent metabolites 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-methyl-1-naphthyl acetic acid, di-n-butyl phthalate, and diethyl phthalate helped in determining the pyrene degradation pathway. The presence of 81 extracellular proteins was revealed by secretome analysis. The identified proteins up-regulated in response to pyrene degradation were classified into detoxification proteins (6.12%), redox proteins (6.12%), stress proteins (4.08%), metabolic-related proteins (26.53%), translation and transcriptional proteins (49%), catalytic proteins (49%), and other proteins (8.16%). Knowledge of secretome analysis in pyrene degradation helped to understand the degradation mechanism of pyrene. Also, the study suggests that T. maxima IIPLC-32 has the potential to be used in the bioremediation of PAH contaminated aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arfin Imam
- Analytical Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Suman
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Bhanu Prasad Vempatapu
- Analytical Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deependra Tripathi
- Analytical Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anjan Ray
- Analytical Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pankaj K Kanaujia
- Analytical Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Marzuki I, Septiningsih E, Kaseng ES, Herlinah H, Sahrijanna A, Sahabuddin S, Asaf R, Athirah A, Isnawan BH, Samidjo GS, Rumagia F, Hamidah E, Santi IS, Nisaa K. Investigation of Global Trends of Pollutants in Marine Ecosystems around Barrang Caddi Island, Spermonde Archipelago Cluster: An Ecological Approach. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060301. [PMID: 35736909 PMCID: PMC9229392 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High-quality marine ecosystems are free from global trending pollutants’ (GTP) contaminants. Accuracy and caution are needed during the exploitation of marine resources during marine tourism to prevent future ecological hazards that cause chain effects on aquatic ecosystems and humans. This article identifies exposure to GTP: microplastic (MP); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); pesticide residue (PR); heavy metal (HM); and medical waste (MW), in marine ecosystems in the marine tourism area (MTA) area and Barrang Caddi Island (BCI) waters. A combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods were used with analytical instruments and mathematical formulas. The search results show the average total abundance of MPs in seawater (5.47 units/m3) and fish samples (7.03 units/m3), as well as in the sediment and sponge samples (8.18 units/m3) and (8.32 units/m3). Based on an analysis of the polymer structure, it was identified that the dominant light group was MPs: polyethylene (PE); polypropylene (PP); polystyrene (PS); followed by polyamide-nylon (PA); and polycarbonate (PC). Several PAH pollutants were identified in the samples. In particular, naphthalene (NL) types were the most common pollutants in all of the samples, followed by pyrene (PN), and azulene (AZ). Pb+2 and Cu+2 pollutants around BCI were successfully calculated, showing average concentrations in seawater of 0.164 ± 0.0002 mg/L and 0.293 ± 0.0007 mg/L, respectively, while in fish, the concentrations were 1.811 ± 0.0002 µg/g and 4.372 ± 0.0003 µg/g, respectively. Based on these findings, the BCI area is not recommended as a marine tourism destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Marzuki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Fajar University, Makassar 90231, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Early Septiningsih
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ernawati Syahruddin Kaseng
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Herlinah Herlinah
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Andi Sahrijanna
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Sahabuddin Sahabuddin
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ruzkiah Asaf
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Admi Athirah
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Bambang Heri Isnawan
- Department of Agrotechnology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Bantul 55183, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia; (B.H.I.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Gatot Supangkat Samidjo
- Department of Agrotechnology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Bantul 55183, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia; (B.H.I.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Faizal Rumagia
- Study Program of Fisheries Resource Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Khairun University, Ternate 97719, North Maluku, Indonesia;
| | - Emmy Hamidah
- Department of Agrotechnology, Universitas Islam Darul ‘Ulum, Lamongan 62253, Jawa Timur, Indonesia;
| | - Idum Satia Santi
- Department of Agrotechnology, Institut Pertanian Stiper, Yogyakarta 55283, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia;
| | - Khairun Nisaa
- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 10340, DKI, Indonesia;
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9
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Zhou H, Li X, Hu B, Wu M, Zhang Y, Yi X, Liu Y. Assembly of fungal mycelium-carbon nanotube composites and their application in pyrene removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125743. [PMID: 34088202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been known for decades to threaten human health. Various physical, chemical and biological methods have been developed to remove PAHs from different matrices. Microbial biodegradation processes are thought to be effective and environmentally friendly, but the low bioavailability of PAHs and their slow removal rate often limit the application of biodegradation. In this study, novel self-assembled PAH-degrading fungal mycelium (Penicillium oxalicum SYJ-1)-carbon nanotube (CNT) composites were applied for pyrene removal. The addition of CNTs did not affect the growth of strain SYJ-1 and promoted the total PAH removal efficiency. The composite could completely remove pyrene at 20 mg L-1 within 48 h, while the sole fungus and CNTs alone could only remove 72% and 80% of pyrene at 72 h, respectively. A cytochrome P450 inhibition experiment, together with degradation product identification and transcriptomic analysis, suggested that an intracellular PAH transformation pathway was employed by strain SYJ-1. The versatility of this assembly approach was also confirmed by adding different nanomaterials and using them to remove different pollutants. This study provides a strategy of coupling the chemical adsorption and biodegradation capacity of inorganic nanomaterials and microorganisms as composites to treat hydrophobic substrates in restricted bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Campus, Dalian University of Technology, China.
| | - Xueling Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Campus, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Bingxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Campus, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Minghuo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Campus, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, China
| | - Xianliang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Campus, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Campus, Dalian University of Technology, China
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10
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Elyamine AM, Kan J, Meng S, Tao P, Wang H, Hu Z. Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacterial and Fungal Degradation of Pyrene: Mechanism Pathway Including Biochemical Reaction and Catabolic Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158202. [PMID: 34360967 PMCID: PMC8347714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biodegradation is one of the acceptable technologies to remediate and control the pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Several bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria strains have been isolated and used for bioremediation purpose. This review paper is intended to provide key information on the various steps and actors involved in the bacterial and fungal aerobic and anaerobic degradation of pyrene, a high molecular weight PAH, including catabolic genes and enzymes, in order to expand our understanding on pyrene degradation. The aerobic degradation pathway by Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PRY-1 and Mycobactetrium sp. KMS and the anaerobic one, by the facultative bacteria anaerobe Pseudomonas sp. JP1 and Klebsiella sp. LZ6 are reviewed and presented, to describe the complete and integrated degradation mechanism pathway of pyrene. The different microbial strains with the ability to degrade pyrene are listed, and the degradation of pyrene by consortium is also discussed. The future studies on the anaerobic degradation of pyrene would be a great initiative to understand and address the degradation mechanism pathway, since, although some strains are identified to degrade pyrene in reduced or total absence of oxygen, the degradation pathway of more than 90% remains unclear and incomplete. Additionally, the present review recommends the use of the combination of various strains of anaerobic fungi and a fungi consortium and anaerobic bacteria to achieve maximum efficiency of the pyrene biodegradation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohamed Elyamine
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (A.M.E.); (J.K.); (S.M.); (P.T.); (H.W.)
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Comoros, Moroni 269, Comoros
| | - Jie Kan
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (A.M.E.); (J.K.); (S.M.); (P.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Shanshan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (A.M.E.); (J.K.); (S.M.); (P.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Peng Tao
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (A.M.E.); (J.K.); (S.M.); (P.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (A.M.E.); (J.K.); (S.M.); (P.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Zhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (A.M.E.); (J.K.); (S.M.); (P.T.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Mohapatra B, Phale PS. Microbial Degradation of Naphthalene and Substituted Naphthalenes: Metabolic Diversity and Genomic Insight for Bioremediation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:602445. [PMID: 33791281 PMCID: PMC8006333 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.602445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) like naphthalene and substituted naphthalenes (methylnaphthalene, naphthoic acids, 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate, etc.) are used in various industries and exhibit genotoxic, mutagenic, and/or carcinogenic effects on living organisms. These synthetic organic compounds (SOCs) or xenobiotics are considered as priority pollutants that pose a critical environmental and public health concern worldwide. The extent of anthropogenic activities like emissions from coal gasification, petroleum refining, motor vehicle exhaust, and agricultural applications determine the concentration, fate, and transport of these ubiquitous and recalcitrant compounds. Besides physicochemical methods for cleanup/removal, a green and eco-friendly technology like bioremediation, using microbes with the ability to degrade SOCs completely or convert to non-toxic by-products, has been a safe, cost-effective, and promising alternative. Various bacterial species from soil flora belonging to Proteobacteria (Pseudomonas, Pseudoxanthomonas, Comamonas, Burkholderia, and Novosphingobium), Firmicutes (Bacillus and Paenibacillus), and Actinobacteria (Rhodococcus and Arthrobacter) displayed the ability to degrade various SOCs. Metabolic studies, genomic and metagenomics analyses have aided our understanding of the catabolic complexity and diversity present in these simple life forms which can be further applied for efficient biodegradation. The prolonged persistence of PAHs has led to the evolution of new degradative phenotypes through horizontal gene transfer using genetic elements like plasmids, transposons, phages, genomic islands, and integrative conjugative elements. Systems biology and genetic engineering of either specific isolates or mock community (consortia) might achieve complete, rapid, and efficient bioremediation of these PAHs through synergistic actions. In this review, we highlight various metabolic routes and diversity, genetic makeup and diversity, and cellular responses/adaptations by naphthalene and substituted naphthalene-degrading bacteria. This will provide insights into the ecological aspects of field application and strain optimization for efficient bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaram Mohapatra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Prashant S Phale
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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de la Cruz-Izquierdo RI, Paz-González AD, Reyes-Espinosa F, Vazquez-Jimenez LK, Salinas-Sandoval M, González-Domínguez MI, Rivera G. Analysis of phenanthrene degradation by Ascomycota fungi isolated from contaminated soil from Reynosa, Mexico. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 72:542-555. [PMID: 33423286 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds generated mainly by anthropogenic sources. They are considered toxic to mammals, since they have carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic properties, among others. Although mycoremediation is an efficient, economical and eco-friendly technique for degrading PAHs, the fungal degradation potential of the phylum Ascomycota has not been widely studied. In this work, we evaluated different fungal strains from the polluted soil of 'La Escondida' lagoon in Reynosa, Mexico to know their potential to degrade phenanthrene (PHE). Forty-three soil isolates with the capacity to grow in the presence of PHE (0·1% w/v) were obtained. The fungi Aspergillus oryzae MF13 and Aspergillus flavipes QCS12 had the best potential to degrade PHE. Both fungi germinated and grew at PHE concentrations of up to 5000 mg l-1 and degraded 235 mg l-1 of PHE in 28 days, with and without an additional carbon source. These characteristics indicate that A. oryzae MF13 and A. flavipes QCS12 could be promising organisms for the remediation of sites contaminated with PAHs and detoxification of recalcitrant xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I de la Cruz-Izquierdo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Mexico
| | - A D Paz-González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Mexico
| | - F Reyes-Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Mexico.,Tecnológico Nacional de México, ITS de Comalcalco, División de Ingeniería Ambiental, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - L K Vazquez-Jimenez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Mexico
| | - M Salinas-Sandoval
- Laboratorios de Ingeniería en Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Ciénega del Estado de Michoacán de Ocampo, Sahuayo, Mexico
| | - M I González-Domínguez
- Laboratorios de Ingeniería en Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Ciénega del Estado de Michoacán de Ocampo, Sahuayo, Mexico
| | - G Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Mexico
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Al-Hawash AB, Al-Qurnawi WS, Abbood HA, Hillo NA, Ghalib HB, Zhang X, Ma F. Pyrene-Degrading Fungus Ceriporia lacerata RF-7 from Contaminated Soil in Iraq. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1713183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan B. Al-Hawash
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Pollution, Marine Science Center, University of Basrah, Basra, Iraq
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Hayder A. Abbood
- Material Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | | | | | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Dwivedi A, Kumar A, Bhat JL. Production and Characterization of Biosurfactant from Corynebacterium Species and Its Effect on the Growth of Petroleum Degrading Bacteria. Microbiology (Reading) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s002626171901003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Secondary metabolites of the genus Penicillium from undisturbed and anthropogenically altered Antarctic habitats. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 65:95-102. [PMID: 30982204 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
From undisturbed Antarctic habitats (permafrost sediments 30-150 thousand years of age, water of Radok Lake) and superficial deposits contaminated with petroleum products, we isolated 14 and 9 strains of Penicillium fungi, respectively. Comparison of the fungal complexes showed them to differ by species composition; only two species-P. palitans and P. solitum-were in the species lists of both groups. The identified secondary metabolites in the investigated strains belonged to diketopiperazine (group of roquefortines, rugulosuvin B), benzodiazepine (anacin, cyclopenins), quinoline alkaloids (viridicatins), clavine ergot alkaloids (α-cyclopiazonic acid, festuclavine, fumigaclavines), polycyclic indole alkaloids (communesin B, chaetoglobosin A), amino acid derivatives (N-acetyltryptamine, chrysogins, penicillin G), polyketides (citreoviridin A, mycophenolic acid), and terpenes (andrastins, phomenone). Strains isolated from anthropogenically altered habitats produced a more complete and characteristic profile of exometabolites, as compared with strains isolated from undisturbed habitats. It is only from contaminated soils there were isolated fungi that produced more structurally diverse secondary metabolites pertaining to polycyclic indole alkaloids and terpenoids. The fungi isolated from contaminated samples can be used in biodegradation of oil spills and bioremediation of the environment, and also as producers of promising biologically active compounds.
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Oil-Spill Triggered Shift in Indigenous Microbial Structure and Functional Dynamics in Different Marine Environmental Matrices. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1354. [PMID: 30718727 PMCID: PMC6361881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial degradation has long been recognized as the key rescue mechanism in shaping the oil polluted marine environments and the role of indigenous populations or their functional genomics have never been explored from Indian marine environments, post an oil spill event. In the current study, high throughput metagenomic analysis, PLFA profiling and mass spectrophotometric analysis was performed in combination with metabolomics to capture signature variations among the microbial communities in sediment, water and laboratory enrichments. Contrary to the previous reports, the bloom of Pseudomonadales (specifically genus Acinetobacter) in oiled sediment and Methylococcales in oiled water outnumbered the relative abundance of Alcanivorax in response to hydrocarbon contamination. Overall enhancement of xenobiotic degradation was suggested by metabolomic analysis in sediment and water post the spill event and varying quantitative assemblage of enzymes were found to be involved in hydrocarbon utilization. Laboratory enrichments revealed the competitive advantage of sediment communities over the water communities although unique taxa belonging to the later were also found to be enriched under in vitro conditions. Simultaneous analysis of sediment and water in the study provided explicit evidences on existence of differential microbial community dynamics, offering insight into possibilities of formulating nature identical solutions for hydrocarbon pollution.
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Martínez-Padrón HY, Torres-Castillo JA, Rodríguez-Herrera R, López-Santillán JA, Estrada-Drouaillet B, Osorio-Hernández E. Identification and evaluation of secondary metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in native strains of Trichoderma species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2018.16546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Mahmoud GAE, Bagy MMK. Microbial Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons. MICROBIAL ACTION ON HYDROCARBONS 2018:299-320. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1840-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Gupta G, Kumar V, Pal AK. Microbial Degradation of High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Emphasis on Pyrene. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2017.1293696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Gupta
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
| | - A. K. Pal
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
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Umana EJ, Akwaji PI, Markson AAA. Bioremediation of Spent Engine Oil Contaminated Soil by Using Fungus, <i>Penicillium sp.</i>. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.56431/p-q41iwn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of Penicillium sp. to bio-remediate spent engine oil contaminated soil both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro assay, mycelium of a seven day old culture of Penicillium sp. grown on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) was punched out using a 0.5mm Cork borer and inoculated on the centre of Petri dishes containing the spent and unspent engine oil and incubated for seven days and daily reading of the mycelia growth obtained using a metre rule. For the in vivo assay, soil received 0 (control), 20/180, 40/360, 60/540, 80/720 and 100ml/900mm concentrations/treatments (inoculation with mycelium of Penicillium sp.). Seeds of Telfeira occidentalis was sown on the soil and assessed for growth performance (plant height, leaf area (using a metre rule) and leaf count (number of leaves) for 7, 14, 21 and 28 Days after Planting (DAP). Results of the in vitro assay showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the growth diameter of Penicillium sp. relative to control. Results of the in vivo assay showed that spent engine oil had no significant effect (p<0.05) on the growth performance of T. occidentalis at 7, 14, 21 and 28 DAP and on fresh and dry weight (g) 28 DAP relative to control. After 28 days of plant growth, the added spent engine oil was no longer detected. The plant began producing pods 61 DAP. This study showed that Penicillium sp. can biodegrade hydrocarbons present in spent engine oil and as such is a good tool for bioremediation.
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Umana EJ, Akwaji PI, Markson AAA. Bioremediation of Spent Engine Oil Contaminated Soil by Using Fungus, <i>Penicillium sp.</i>. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.59.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability ofPenicillium sp.to bio-remediate spent engine oil contaminated soil bothin vitroandin vivo. In thein vitroassay, mycelium of a seven day old culture ofPenicillium sp. grown on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) was punched out using a 0.5mm Cork borer and inoculated on the centre of Petri dishes containing the spent and unspent engine oil and incubated for seven days and daily reading of the mycelia growth obtained using a metre rule. For thein vivoassay, soil received 0 (control), 20/180, 40/360, 60/540, 80/720 and 100ml/900mm concentrations/treatments (inoculation with mycelium ofPenicillium sp.). Seeds ofTelfeira occidentaliswas sown on the soil and assessed for growth performance (plant height, leaf area (using a metre rule) and leaf count (number of leaves) for 7, 14, 21 and 28 Days after Planting (DAP). Results of thein vitroassay showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the growth diameter ofPenicillium sp.relative to control. Results of thein vivoassay showed that spent engine oil had no significant effect (p<0.05) on the growth performance ofT. occidentalisat 7, 14, 21 and 28 DAP and on fresh and dry weight (g) 28 DAP relative to control. After 28 days of plant growth, the added spent engine oil was no longer detected. The plant began producing pods 61 DAP. This study showed thatPenicillium sp. can biodegrade hydrocarbons present in spent engine oil and as such is a good tool for bioremediation.
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Zafra G, Cortés-Espinosa DV. Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Trichoderma species: a mini review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:19426-19433. [PMID: 26498812 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fungi belonging to Trichoderma genus are ascomycetes found in soils worldwide. Trichoderma has been studied in relation to diverse biotechnological applications and are known as successful colonizers of their common habitats. Members of this genus have been well described as effective biocontrol organisms through the production of secondary metabolites with potential applications as new antibiotics. Even though members of Trichoderma are commonly used for the commercial production of lytic enzymes, as a biological control agent, and also in the food industry, their use in xenobiotic biodegradation is limited. Trichoderma stands out as a genus with a great range of substrate utilization, a high production of antimicrobial compounds, and its ability for environmental opportunism. In this review, we focused on the recent advances in the research of Trichoderma species as potent and efficient aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading organisms, as well as aimed to provide insight into its potential role in the bioremediation of soils contaminated with heavy hydrocarbons. Several Trichoderma species are associated with the ability to metabolize a variety of both high and low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, chrysene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene. PAH-degrading species include Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens, and Trichoderma asperellum using alternate enzyme systems commonly seen in other organisms, such as multicooper laccases, peroxidases, and ring-cleavage dioxygenases. Within these species, T. asperellum stands out as a versatile organism with remarkable degrading abilities, high tolerance, and a remarkable potential to be used as a remediation agent in polluted soils.
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Jakovljević VD, Vrvić MM. Potential of Penicillium cyclopium westling for removing of anionic surfactants and biotechnology. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s000368381506006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bioaugmentation of soil contaminated with high-level crude oil through inoculation with mixed cultures including Acremonium sp. Biodegradation 2015; 26:259-69. [PMID: 25929330 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-015-9732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Heavy contamination of soil with crude oil has caused significant negative environmental impacts and presents substantial hazards to human health. To explore a highly efficient bioaugmentation strategy for these contaminations, experiments were conducted over 180 days in soil heavily contaminated with crude oil (50,000 mg kg(-1)), with four treatments comprised of Bacillus subtilis inoculation with no further inoculation (I), or reinoculation after 100 days with either B. subtilis (II), Acremonium sp.(III), or a mixture of both organisms (IV). The removal values of total petroleum hydrocarbons were 60.1 ± 2.0, 60.05 ± 3.0, 71.3 ± 5.2 and 74.2 ± 2.7 % for treatment (I-IV), respectively. Treatments (III-IV) significantly enhanced the soil bioremediation compared with treatments (I-II) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, significantly (p < 0.05) greater rates of degradation for petroleum hydrocarbon fractions were observed in treatments (III-IV) compared to treatments (I-II), and this was especially the case with the degradative rates for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and crude oil heavy fractions. Dehydrogenase activity in treatment (III-IV) containing Acremonium sp. showed a constant increase until the end of experiments. Therefore reinoculation with pure fungus or fungal-bacterial consortium should be considered as an effective strategy in bioaugmentation for soil heavily contaminated with crude oil.
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Zafra G, Moreno-Montaño A, Absalón ÁE, Cortés-Espinosa DV. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil by a tolerant strain of Trichoderma asperellum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:1034-42. [PMID: 25106516 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma asperellum H15, a previously isolated strain characterized by its high tolerance to low (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs, was tested for its ability to degrade 3-5 ring PAHs (phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene) in soil microcosms along with a biostimulation treatment with sugarcane bagasse. T. asperellum H15 rapidly adapted to PAH-contaminated soils, producing more CO2 than uncontaminated microcosms and achieving up to 78 % of phenanthrene degradation in soils contaminated with 1,000 mg Kg(-1) after 14 days. In soils contaminated with 1,000 mg Kg(-1) of a three-PAH mixture, strain H15 was shown to degrade 74 % phenanthrene, 63 % pyrene, and 81 % of benzo[a]pyrene. Fungal catechol 1,2 dioxygenase, laccase, and peroxidase enzyme activities were found to be involved in the degradation of PAHs by T. asperellum. The results demonstrated the potential of T. asperellum H15 to be used in a bioremediation process. This is the first report describing the involvement of T. asperellum in LMW and HMW-PAH degradation in soils. These findings, along with the ability to remove large amounts of PAHs in soil found in the present work provide enough evidence to consider T. asperellum as a promising and efficient PAH-degrading microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Zafra
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Carretera Estatal Santa Ines Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km 1.5, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala, México, C.P. 70900
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Reyes-César A, Absalón ÁE, Fernández FJ, González JM, Cortés-Espinosa DV. Biodegradation of a mixture of PAHs by non-ligninolytic fungal strains isolated from crude oil-contaminated soil. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:999-1009. [PMID: 24132496 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nine native non-ligninolytic fungal strains were isolated from Maya crude oil-contaminated soil and selected based on their ability to grow and use crude oil and several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as carbon source, for their application to PAH removal in soil. The fungi were identified by PCR amplification of intergenic transcribed sequences regions and microbiological techniques, and results showed them to be part of the genera Fusarium, Neurospora, Aspergillus, Scedosporium, Penicillium, Neosartorya and Talaromyces. A primary selection of fungi was made in minimal medium plates, considering the tolerance to different concentrations of PAHs for each strain. The radial extension rate exhibited significant differences (p < 0.05) from 200 to 1,000 mg of PAHs mixture l⁻¹. A secondary selection of Aspergillus terreus, Talaromyces spectabilis, and Fusarium sp. was achieved based on their tolerance to 2,000 mg of a mixture of Phenanathrene and Pyrene kg⁻¹ of soil in a solid-state microcosm system for 2 weeks. The percentage of PAH removal obtained by the three strains was approximately 21 % of the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaisell Reyes-César
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Carretera Federal Santa Inés Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km 1.5, C.P. 90700, Tepetitla de Lardizabal, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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Wang S, Nomura N, Nakajima T, Uchiyama H. Case study of the relationship between fungi and bacteria associated with high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 113:624-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Argumedo-Delira R, Alarcón A, Ferrera-Cerrato R, Almaraz JJ, Peña-Cabriales JJ. Tolerance and growth of 11 Trichoderma strains to crude oil, naphthalene, phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 95 Suppl:S291-S299. [PMID: 20869805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) are major organic contaminants in soils, whose degradation process is mediated by microorganisms such as the filamentous fungi Cunninghamella elegans and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. However, little is known about the tolerance and the degradation capability of Trichoderma species when exposed to PH. This research evaluated the tolerance and growth of 11 Trichoderma strains to crude oil (COil), naphthalene (NAPH), phenanthrene (PHE) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) by using in vitro systems. Petri dishes containing solid mineral minimum medium were separately contaminated with COil, with seven doses of either NAPH or PHE (250, 500, 750, 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg L(-1)), and with six doses of B[a]P (10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L(-1)). Non-contaminated plates were used as controls. Trichoderma strains were exposed to all the contaminants by triplicate, and the growth of each fungal colony was daily recorded. No significant differences were observed among Trichoderma strains when they were exposed to COil in which the maximum fungal growth was reached at 96 h. In contrast, Trichoderma strains showed variations to tolerate and grow under different doses of either NAPH, PHE or B[a]P. Increasing NAPH doses resulted on significant greater fungal growth inhibition than PHE doses. The exposure to B[a]P did not inhibited growth of some Trichoderma strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Argumedo-Delira
- Área de Microbiología, Postgrado de Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco Km 36.5, Montecillo 56230, Estado de México, México
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Ling J, Zhang G, Sun H, Fan Y, Ju J, Zhang C. Isolation and characterization of a novel pyrene-degrading Bacillus vallismortis strain JY3A. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:1994-2000. [PMID: 21371739 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The PAHs-degrading bacterium strain JY3A was newly isolated from the polluted soil in the Jinan Oil Refinery Factory, Shandong Province of China. The isolate was identified as Bacillus vallismortis with respect to its 16S rDNA sequence, DNA-DNA relatedness and fatty acid profiles, as well as various physiological characteristics. The strain was Gram-positive, motile, endospore forming, aerobic, oxidase and catalase-positive. The cells were 0.8-1.0μm wide and 2.0-2.5μm long, single or in pairs and sometimes in chains. Bacillus vallismortis strain JY3A could utilize naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, fluorene, benzene, toluene, phenol, methanol, ethanol, Tween 80, cyclohexane or catechol as sole carbon source. The strain alone removed 90.5% of pyrene at an initial concentration of 150ppm in 15days in the presence of 0.5% (w/w) Tween 80. However, in co-culture with Phanerochaete chrysosporium, JY3A reduced the concentration of pyrene by nearly 55.4% after 7days of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianya Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Kim MJ, Lee H, Choi YS, Kim GH, Huh NY, Lee S, Lim YW, Lee SS, Kim JJ. Diversity of fungi in creosote-treated crosstie wastes and their resistance to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2010; 97:377-87. [PMID: 20127413 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-010-9416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to generate information regarding the diversity of fungi inhabiting creosote-treated wood in a storage yard for crosstie wastes in Gwangmyeong, Korea. Additionally, the resistance to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of indigenous fungi that mainly occupy creosote-treated wood was evaluated. We isolated fungi from the surface and inner area of crosstie wastes and identified them using a combination of traditional methods and molecular techniques. Overall, 179 isolates including 47 different species were isolated from 240 sampling sites. The identified fungal species included 23 ascomycetes, 19 basidiomycetes, and 5 zygomycetes. Three species, Alternaria alternata, Irpex lacteus, and Rhizomucor variabilis, were the most frequently isolated ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, and zygomycetes, respectively. The results of this study showed that there was a large difference in the fungal diversity between the surface and the inner area. Additionally, zygomycetes and ascomycetes were found to have a greater tolerance to PAHs than basidiomycetes. However, two basidiomycetes, Heterobasidion annosum and Schizophyllum commune, showed very high resistance to PAHs, even in response to the highest concentration (1,000 ppm), which indicates that these species may play a role in the degradation of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Hong J, Park J, Gadd G. Pyrene degradation and copper and zinc uptake byFusarium solaniandHypocrea lixiiisolated from petrol station soil. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:2030-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04613.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Leitão AL. Potential of Penicillium species in the bioremediation field. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2009; 6:1393-417. [PMID: 19440525 PMCID: PMC2681198 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph6041393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects on the environment of pollution, particularly that caused by various industrial activities, have been responsible for the accelerated fluxes of organic and inorganic matter in the ecosphere. Xenobiotics such as phenol, phenolic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals, even at low concentrations, can be toxic to humans and other forms of life. Many of the remediation technologies currently being used for contaminated soil and water involve not only physical and chemical treatment, but also biological processes, where microbial activity is the responsible for pollutant removal and/or recovery. Fungi are present in aquatic sediments, terrestrial habitats and water surfaces and play a significant part in natural remediation of metal and aromatic compounds. Fungi also have advantages over bacteria since fungal hyphae can penetrate contaminated soil, reaching not only heavy metals but also xenobiotic compounds. Despite of the abundance of such fungi in wastes, penicillia in particular have received little attention in bioremediation and biodegradation studies. Additionally, several studies conducted with different strains of imperfecti fungi, Penicillium spp. have demonstrated their ability to degrade different xenobiotic compounds with low co-substrate requirements, and could be potentially interesting for the development of economically feasible processes for pollutant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Leitão
- Grupo de Ecologia da Hidrosfera, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, Caparica, Portugal.
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Biodegradation of aliphatic hydrocarbon by indigenous fungi isolated from used motor oil contaminated sites. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chauhan A, Fazlurrahman, Oakeshott JG, Jain RK. Bacterial metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: strategies for bioremediation. Indian J Microbiol 2008; 48:95-113. [PMID: 23100704 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-008-0010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are compounds of intense public concern due to their persistence in the environment and potentially deleterious effects on human, environmental and ecological health. The clean up of such contaminants using invasive technologies has proven to be expensive and more importantly often damaging to the natural resource properties of the soil, sediment or aquifer. Bioremediation, which exploits the metabolic potential of microbes for the clean-up of recalcitrant xenobiotic compounds, has come up as a promising alternative. Several approaches such as improvement in PAH solubilization and entry into the cell, pathway and enzyme engineering and control of enzyme expression etc. are in development but far from complete. Successful application of the microorganisms for the bioremediation of PAH-contaminated sites therefore requires a deeper understanding of the physiology, biochemistry and molecular genetics of potential catabolic pathways. In this review, we briefly summarize important strategies adopted for PAH bioremediation and discuss the potential for their improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Chauhan
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, India
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Verma M, Brar SK, Tyagi R, Surampalli R, Valéro J. Antagonistic fungi, Trichoderma spp.: Panoply of biological control. Biochem Eng J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2007.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gadd GM. Geomycology: biogeochemical transformations of rocks, minerals, metals and radionuclides by fungi, bioweathering and bioremediation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 111:3-49. [PMID: 17307120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 11/26/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study of the role that fungi have played and are playing in fundamental geological processes can be termed 'geomycology' and this article seeks to emphasize the fundamental importance of fungi in several key areas. These include organic and inorganic transformations and element cycling, rock and mineral transformations, bioweathering, mycogenic mineral formation, fungal-clay interactions, metal-fungal interactions, and the significance of such processes in the environment and their relevance to areas of environmental biotechnology such as bioremediation. Fungi are intimately involved in biogeochemical transformations at local and global scales, and although such transformations occur in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats, it is the latter environment where fungi probably have the greatest influence. Within terrestrial aerobic ecosystems, fungi may exert an especially profound influence on biogeochemical processes, particularly when considering soil, rock and mineral surfaces, and the plant root-soil interface. The geochemical transformations that take place can influence plant productivity and the mobility of toxic elements and substances, and are therefore of considerable socio-economic relevance, including human health. Of special significance are the mutualistic symbioses, lichens and mycorrhizas. Some of the fungal transformations discussed have beneficial applications in environmental biotechnology, e.g. in metal leaching, recovery and detoxification, and xenobiotic and organic pollutant degradation. They may also result in adverse effects when these processes are associated with the degradation of foodstuffs, natural products, and building materials, including wood, stone and concrete. It is clear that a multidisciplinary approach is essential to understand fully all the phenomena encompassed within geomycology, and it is hoped that this review will serve to catalyse further research, as well as stimulate interest in an area of mycology of global significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Gadd
- Division of Environmental and Applied Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK.
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Brar SK, Verma M, Surampalli RY, Misra K, Tyagi RD, Meunier N, Blais JF. Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes—A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1061/(asce)1090-025x(2006)10:2(59)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Saraswathy A, Hallberg R. Mycelial pellet formation by Penicillium ochrochloron species due to exposure to pyrene. Microbiol Res 2005; 160:375-83. [PMID: 16255142 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2005.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Five indigenous fungal strains with characteristics of the genus Penicillium capable of degrading and utilizing pyrene, as sole carbon source were isolated from soil of a former gas work site. Two strains were identified as Penicillium ochrochloron. One of the strains was able to degrade a maximum of 75% of 50 mg l(-1) pyrene at 22 degrees C during 28 days of incubation. The presence of pyrene in the medium resulted in an aggregation of hyphae into pellets by the two Penicillium ochrochloron strains. Formation of pellets was observed after 48 h of incubation with difference in size and texture between the two strains. This indicated the individual variation within the same genus of fungi. However, remaining strains did not show this behavior even though they were capable of utilizing pyrene as sole carbon source. The macro- and microscopic morphology of fungal pellets was studied using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the addition of varying concentration of pyrene ranging from 10 to 50 mg l(-1) in the medium influenced shape and structure of the mycelial pellets. A two-fold increase in hyphal branching (with concomitant decrease in the average hyphal growth unit) was observed at a concentration of 10mg l(-1). The relevance of fungal growth and morphology for bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated sites are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambujom Saraswathy
- Department of Biology, West Virginia State University Institute, WV 25112, USA.
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Harman GE, Lorito M, Lynch JM. Uses of Trichoderma spp. to alleviate or remediate soil and water pollution. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2004; 56:313-30. [PMID: 15566984 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(04)56010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G E Harman
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cornell University, Geneva, New York 14456, USA.
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Aitken MD, Long TC. Biotransformation, Biodegradation, and Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. SOIL BIOLOGY 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-06066-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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