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Angusamy A, Balasubramanian V, Arunmurugan B, Arunachalam K, Issac Abraham SVP, Murugesan S, Krishnasamy B, Sundaram J, Arumugam VR. Anti-infective potential of plant-derived quorum sensing inhibitors against multi-drug resistant human and aquatic bacterial pathogens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:147. [PMID: 37022521 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study intended to decipher the anti-infective potential of bioactive phytocompounds, such as rosmarinic acid, morin, naringin, chlorogenic acid, and mangiferin, against aquatic and human bacterial pathogens using Artemia spp. nauplii and Caenorhabditis elegans as animal models, respectively. Initially, the test compounds were screened against the QS traits in Vibrio spp., such as bioluminescence production and biofilm formation. The test compounds effectively inhibited the bioluminescence in V. harveyi. Further, the confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis revealed that these natural compounds could efficiently reduce the clumping morphology, a characteristic biofilm formation in Vibrio spp., without inhibiting bacterial growth. The results of in vivo analysis showed a significant increase in the survival of Artemia spp. nauplii infected with Vibrio spp. upon exposure to these compounds. Moreover, the compounds used in this study were already proven and reported for their quorum sensing inhibitory efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hence, the anti-infective efficacy of these compounds against P. aeruginosa (PAO1) and its clinical isolates (AS1 and AS2) was studied using C. elegans as a live animal model system. The results of time-killing assay deciphered that rosmarinic acid and naringin are being the most effective ones in rescuing the animals from P. aeruginosa infection followed by morin, mangiferin, and chlorogenic acid. Further, the toxicity results revealed that these compounds did not show any lethal effect on C. elegans and Artemia spp. nauplii at the tested concentrations. In conclusion, the phytochemicals used in this study were effective in controlling the QS-regulated virulence traits in Vibrio spp. and P. aeruginosa infections in Artemia spp. nauplii and C. elegans animal model systems, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapoorani Angusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India
| | - Vigneshkumar Balasubramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
- Conservation of Coastal and Marine Resources (CMR) division, National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM), Anna University campus, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, Chennai, India
| | - Balaji Arunmurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
| | - Kannapan Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agricultural Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sybiya Vasantha Packiavathy Issac Abraham
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 114, India
| | - Sivaranjani Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Janarthanan Sundaram
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India
| | - Veera Ravi Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India.
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2
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Roy T, Bandopadhyay A, Paul C, Majumdar S, Das N. Role of Plasmid in Pesticide Degradation and Metal Tolerance in Two Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Bacillus cereus (NCIM 5557) and Bacillus safensis (NCIM 5558). Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:106. [PMID: 35157142 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Disha A (Bacillus cereus) and Disha B (Bacillus safensis) were isolated from pesticide-infested agricultural field and showed tolerance against pesticides, heavy metals, and antibiotics. The isolates exhibited PGPR activities in vitro as well as in field conditions in lentil (Lens culinaris) and cow pea (Vigna unguiculata). Both the Bacillus species could not be grown in mineral salt medium but efficiently grown in the media supplemented with pesticide (imidacloprid/carbendazim) demonstrating the utilization of pesticide as carbon/nitrogen source. The HPLC studies exhibited the pesticide (imidacloprid/carbendazim) degradation by both the bacteria. B. safensis showed better degradation of carbendazim (88.93%) and imidacloprid (82.48%) than that of B. cereus 78.07% and 49.12%, respectively. The bacterial isolates showed high concentration of heavy metal tolerance viz. lead, molybdenum, cadmium, copper, cobalt, and zinc, except mercury. Both the bacteria possessed single plasmid. The plasmid-cured isolates of B. cereus did not tolerate any pesticide, whereas that of B. safensis tolerated all the pesticides, like wild strains. The plasmid curing experiments did not affect the heavy metal tolerance ability of both the bacteria indicating the genomic nature of heavy metal tolerance genes, whereas pesticide resistance genes are plasmid-dependent in B. cereus but genomic in B. safensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Roy
- Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda, W.B., 732103, India.,Department of Botany, Barasat Government College, 24 Parganas (N), Kolkata, W.B., 700124, India
| | - Anuradha Bandopadhyay
- Department of Botany, Barasat Government College, 24 Parganas (N), Kolkata, W.B., 700124, India
| | - Chandana Paul
- Department of Botany, Barasat Government College, 24 Parganas (N), Kolkata, W.B., 700124, India.,Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College, Park Street, Kolkata, 700016, India
| | - Sukanta Majumdar
- Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda, W.B., 732103, India
| | - Nirmalendu Das
- Department of Botany, Barasat Government College, 24 Parganas (N), Kolkata, W.B., 700124, India.
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Kunttu HMT, Runtuvuori-Salmela A, Sundell K, Wiklund T, Middelboe M, Landor L, Ashrafi R, Hoikkala V, Sundberg LR. Bacteriophage Resistance Affects Flavobacterium columnare Virulence Partly via Mutations in Genes Related to Gliding Motility and the Type IX Secretion System. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0081221. [PMID: 34106011 PMCID: PMC8315173 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00812-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing problems with antibiotic resistance have directed interest toward phage therapy in the aquaculture industry. However, phage resistance evolving in target bacteria is considered a challenge. To investigate how phage resistance influences the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare, two wild-type bacterial isolates, FCO-F2 and FCO-F9, were exposed to phages (FCO-F2 to FCOV-F2, FCOV-F5, and FCOV-F25, and FCO-F9 to FCL-2, FCOV-F13, and FCOV-F45), and resulting phenotypic and genetic changes in bacteria were analyzed. Bacterial viability first decreased in the exposure cultures but started to increase after 1 to 2 days, along with a change in colony morphology from original rhizoid to rough, leading to 98% prevalence of the rough morphotype. Twenty-four isolates (including four isolates from no-phage treatments) were further characterized for phage resistance, antibiotic susceptibility, motility, adhesion, and biofilm formation, protease activity, whole-genome sequencing, and virulence in rainbow trout fry. The rough isolates arising in phage exposure were phage resistant with low virulence, whereas rhizoid isolates maintained phage susceptibility and high virulence. Gliding motility and protease activity were also related to the phage susceptibility. Observed mutations in phage-resistant isolates were mostly located in genes encoding the type IX secretion system, a component of the Bacteroidetes gliding motility machinery. However, not all phage-resistant isolates had mutations, indicating that phage resistance in F. columnare is a multifactorial process, including both genetic mutations and changes in gene expression. Phage resistance may not, however, be a challenge for development of phage therapy against F. columnare infections since phage resistance is associated with decreases in bacterial virulence. IMPORTANCE Phage resistance of infectious bacteria is a common phenomenon posing challenges for the development of phage therapy. Along with a growing world population and the need for increased food production, constantly intensifying animal farming has to face increasing problems of infectious diseases. Columnaris disease, caused by Flavobacterium columnare, is a worldwide threat for salmonid fry and juvenile farming. Without antibiotic treatments, infections can lead to 100% mortality in a fish stock. Phage therapy of columnaris disease would reduce the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic loads by the aquaculture industry, but phage-resistant bacterial isolates may become a risk. However, phenotypic and genetic characterization of phage-resistant F. columnare isolates in this study revealed that they are less virulent than phage-susceptible isolates and thus not a challenge for phage therapy against columnaris disease. This is valuable information for the fish farming industry globally when considering phage-based prevention and curing methods for F. columnare infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M. T. Kunttu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anniina Runtuvuori-Salmela
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Krister Sundell
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tom Wiklund
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Mathias Middelboe
- Department of Biology, Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Lotta Landor
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Roghaieh Ashrafi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ville Hoikkala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Lotta-Riina Sundberg
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Antimicrobial Power of Organic Acids and Nature-Identical Compounds against Two Vibrio spp.: An In Vitro Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050966. [PMID: 33947155 PMCID: PMC8146449 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrosis is one of the major threats in aquaculture farming, and due to the increasing antimicrobial resistance of different Vibrio species, there is an urgent need to replace conventional treatments with more sustainable solutions. Antimicrobial molecules such as organic acids (OA) and nature-identical compounds (NIC) are currently finding a central role in the infection management of terrestrial livestock, but little is known about their usage in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary screening of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of a wide panel of OA and NIC against 2 Vibrio species characteristic of the Mediterranean area, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio anguillarum, through minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concentration tests. The active principles that showed the best effective pathogen control were medium-chain fatty acids, sorbic and benzoic acid among OA and phenolic monoterpenoids (thymol, carvacrol and eugenol) and aromatic monoterpene aldehydes (vanillin and cinnamaldehyde) among NIC. These results showed how the usage of OA and NIC can open promising perspectives in terms of Vibrio spp. load control in aquaculture. Natural or nature-identical feed additives can make aquaculture production not only more efficient by reducing the need for medicated treatments, but also more sustainable.
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Molale-Tom LG, Bezuidenhout CC. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and virulence of Enterococcus spp. from wastewater treatment plant effluent and receiving waters in South Africa. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2020; 18:753-765. [PMID: 33095198 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poorly operating wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) result in faecal pollution of receiving waters, posing a health risk to humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and presence of virulent genes in Enterococcus spp. isolated from three WWTPs' final effluent and receiving waters in the North West Province, South Africa. Sixty-three Enterococcus spp. were identified and their antimicrobial susceptibility, as well as the presence of five virulence genes, determined. The antibiotic inhibition zone diameter data were subject to cluster analysis. Sixty-eight percent of the screened Enterococcus spp. were resistant to three or more antibiotics and harboured plasmids. Five virulence genes were detected and six multi-virulence profiles observed. Cluster analysis indicated groupings of isolates from all three effluent points downstream together, and between plants 1 and 2 together. The findings of this study have demonstrated that Enterococcus spp. harbouring virulence factors and plasmids that mediate multiple antibiotic resistance are present in effluent and receiving water systems that support various social needs. This is a cause for concern and it is recommended that Enterococcus be used as an additional faecal indicator when microbiological quality of water is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Molale-Tom
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa E-mail:
| | - C C Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa E-mail:
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Antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from diseased freshwater goldfish. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:219-231. [PMID: 32803348 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Goldfish farming gained more attention among the ornamental fishes in aquaculture industry. The occurrence of bacterial infections and further antimicrobial treatment lead to the major crisis of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture. We have isolated diverse enterobacteriaceae groups which affect the goldfish and identified their response towards 46 antimicrobials of 15 different classes. Thirteen significant bacterial isolates such as Edwardsiella tarda, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus penneri, P. hauseri, Enterobacter cloacae, E. cancerogenus, E. ludwigii, Citrobacter freundii, E. coli, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Providencia vermicola were recovered from the infected fish with the Shannon-wiener diversity index of 2.556. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was found to be maximum for P. penneri (0.87) and minimum for C. freundii and E. cloacae (0.22), highlighting the hyper antibiotic selection pressure in the farm. The minimum concentration of antibiotics required to inhibit most of the resistant isolates was found to be > 256 mcg/ml. All the isolates were susceptible towards ciprofloxacin. Plasmid curing and further AMR tests could reveal the location of antibiotic resistance genes mainly as plasmids which determine the large extent of AMR spread through horizontal gene transfer. This study is the first of its kind to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile of enterobacteriaceae recovered from goldfish, before and after plasmid curing.
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Adesoji AT, Olatoye IO, Ogunjobi AA. Genotypic Characterization of Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes from Bacteria Isolates in Selected Municipal Drinking Water Distribution Sources in Southwestern Nigeria. Ethiop J Health Sci 2020; 29:321-332. [PMID: 31447500 PMCID: PMC6689724 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v29i3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria could lead to treatment failure of infectious diseases and could be transferred by non-potable water. Few studies have investigated occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) among bacteria including Aminoglycoside Modifying Genes (AMGs) from Drinking Water Distribution Systems (DWDS) in Nigeria. Here, we aimed at characterization of AMGs from DWDS from selected states in southwestern Nigeria. Methods One hundred and eighty one (181) MDR bacteria that had been previously characterized using 16S rDNA and showed resistance to at least one aminoglycoside antibiotic were selected from treated and untreated six water distribution systems in southwestern Nigeria. MDR bacteria were PCR genotyped for three AMGs:aph (3″)c, ant (3″)b and aph(6)-1dd. Results Out of 181 MDR bacteria genotyped, 69(38.12%) tested positive for at least one of the genotyped AMGs. Highest (50, 27.62%) detected gene was ant (3″)c followed by aph (3″)c(33, 18.23%). Combination of aph(3″)c and ant (3″)b in a single bacteria was observed as the highest (14, 7.73%) among the detected gene combination. Alcaligenes sp showed the highest (10/20) occurrence of ant (3″)b while aph(3″)c was the highest detected among Proteus sp (11/22). Other bacteria that showed the presence of AMGs include: Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Bordetella, Brevundimonas, Chromobacterium, Klebsiella, Leucobacter, Morganella, Pantoae, Proteus, Providencia, Psychrobacter and Serratia. Conclusions High occurrence of ant (3″)c and aph (3″)c among these bacteria call for urgent attention among public health workers, because these genes can be easily disseminated to consumers of these water samples if present on mobile genetic elements like plasmids, integrons and transposons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele T Adesoji
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria
| | - Isaac O Olatoye
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.,Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Washington State, USA
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Amalina NZ, Santha S, Zulperi D, Amal MNA, Yusof MT, Zamri-Saad M, Ina-Salwany MY. Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid profiling of Vibrio spp. isolated from cultured groupers in Peninsular Malaysia. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:251. [PMID: 31711432 PMCID: PMC6849203 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous prevalence studies of Vibrio spp. infection in fish have been extensively reported worldwide, including Malaysia. Unfortunately, information on the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in groupers (Epinephelus spp.) is limited. In this study, groupers obtained from nine farms located at different geographical regions in Malaysia were sampled for the presence of pathogenic Vibrio spp. and their susceptibility profiles against seven antibiotics. RESULTS Out of 270 grouper samples, 195 (72%) were detected with the presence of Vibrio spp. Vibrio communis showed highest prevalence in grouper (28%), followed by V. parahaemolyticus (25%), V. alginolyticus (19%), V. vulnificus (14%), V. rotiferianus (3%), Vibrio sp. (3%), V. campbellii (2%), V. mytili (2%), V. furnissii (2%), V. harveyi (1%), V. tubiashii (1%), V. fluvialis (0.3%) and V. diabolicus (0.3%). Assessment on the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the Vibrio spp. revealed that majority of the isolates were susceptible to tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin and bacitracin, but resistance to ampicillin, penicillin G and vancomycin. The mean MAR index of the Vibrio isolates was 0.51, with 85% of the isolates showed MAR index value of higher than 0.2. Results indicate that the Vibrio spp. were continuously exposed to antibiotics. Furthermore, the plasmid profiles of Vibrio spp. showed that 38.7% of the isolates harbored plasmid with molecular weight of more than 10 kb, while 61.3% were without plasmid. During curing process, Vibrio spp. lost their plasmid, but remained resistant to ampicillin, penicillin G, bacitracin and vancomycin while a few isolates remained resistant to erythromycin, streptomycin and tetracycline. The results suggested that the resistance to antibiotics in isolated Vibrio spp. might be due to chromosomal and plasmid borne. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in groupers and the distribution of multidrug resistance strains that could be of concern to the farmers in Malaysia. In addition, data from this study can be further used in fish disease management plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Zulkiply Amalina
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Silvaraj Santha
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Dzarifah Zulperi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Noor Azmai Amal
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Termizi Yusof
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zamri-Saad
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Md Yasin Ina-Salwany
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Brunton LA, Desbois AP, Garza M, Wieland B, Mohan CV, Häsler B, Tam CC, Le PNT, Phuong NT, Van PT, Nguyen-Viet H, Eltholth MM, Pham DK, Duc PP, Linh NT, Rich KM, Mateus ALP, Hoque MA, Ahad A, Khan MNA, Adams A, Guitian J. Identifying hotspots for antibiotic resistance emergence and selection, and elucidating pathways to human exposure: Application of a systems-thinking approach to aquaculture systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:1344-1356. [PMID: 31412468 PMCID: PMC6905156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture systems are highly complex, dynamic and interconnected systems influenced by environmental, biological, cultural, socio-economic and human behavioural factors. Intensification of aquaculture production is likely to drive indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat or prevent disease and increase productivity, often to compensate for management and husbandry deficiencies. Surveillance or monitoring of antibiotic usage (ABU) and antibiotic resistance (ABR) is often lacking or absent. Consequently, there are knowledge gaps for the risk of ABR emergence and human exposure to ABR in these systems and the wider environment. The aim of this study was to use a systems-thinking approach to map two aquaculture systems in Vietnam - striped catfish and white-leg shrimp - to identify hotspots for emergence and selection of resistance, and human exposure to antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. System mapping was conducted by stakeholders at an interdisciplinary workshop in Hanoi, Vietnam during January 2018, and the maps generated were refined until consensus. Thereafter, literature was reviewed to complement and cross-reference information and to validate the final maps. The maps and component interactions with the environment revealed the grow-out phase, where juveniles are cultured to harvest size, to be a key hotspot for emergence of ABR in both systems due to direct and indirect ABU, exposure to water contaminated with antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and duration of this stage. The pathways for human exposure to antibiotics and ABR were characterised as: occupational (on-farm and at different handling points along the value chain), through consumption (bacterial contamination and residues) and by environmental routes. By using systems thinking and mapping by stakeholders to identify hotspots we demonstrate the applicability of an integrated, interdisciplinary approach to characterising ABU in aquaculture. This work provides a foundation to quantify risks at different points, understand interactions between components, and identify stakeholders who can lead and implement change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A Brunton
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Andrew P Desbois
- Institute of Aquaculture, Pathfoot Building, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Maria Garza
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Barbara Wieland
- International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Barbara Häsler
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Clarence C Tam
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore.
| | - Phuc Nguyen Thien Le
- School of Biotechnology, International University - Vietnam National University HCMC, Đông Hoà, Thủ Đức, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Phuong
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Campus 2, 3/2 street, Xuân Khánh, Ninh Kiều, Cần Thơ, Viet Nam.
| | - Phan Thi Van
- Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1, Đình Bảng, Từ Sơn, Bắc Ninh, Viet Nam.
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute, 298 Kim Ma Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Mahmoud M Eltholth
- Institute of Aquaculture, Pathfoot Building, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, El Guish St., Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Dang Kim Pham
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Phuc Pham Duc
- Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Đức Thắng, Phường Đức Thắng, Đông Ngạc, Bắc Từ Liêm, Hà Nội, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Tuong Linh
- School of Biotechnology, International University - Vietnam National University HCMC, Đông Hoà, Thủ Đức, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Karl M Rich
- International Livestock Research Institute, 298 Kim Ma Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Ana L P Mateus
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Md Ahasanul Hoque
- Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammed Nurul Absar Khan
- Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Alexandra Adams
- Institute of Aquaculture, Pathfoot Building, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Javier Guitian
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
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10
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Baek S, Joo SH, Su C, Toborek M. Antibacterial effects of graphene- and carbon-nanotube-based nanohybrids on Escherichia coli: Implications for treating multidrug-resistant bacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 247:214-223. [PMID: 31247368 PMCID: PMC7085116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Some nanomaterials including Fe0, Ag0, and ZnO are well known for their antibacterial effects. However, very few studies have examined antibacterial effects of nanohybrids. Given that metal oxides, mainly ZnO and TiO2, are known to increase mobility, surface area, and photocatalysis when combined with carbon-based nanomaterials, ZnO- and TiO2-conjugated carbon nanotube and graphene oxide nanohybrids were investigated for their antibacterial effects on Escherichia coli (DH5α, a multidrug-resistant coliform bacterium). Graphene-oxide (GO)-based nanohybrids (ZnO-GO and TiO2-GO) induced increased dispersion compared to carbon-nanotube (CNT)-based nanohybrids (ZnO-CNT and TiO2-CNT). Among the four types of nanohybrids, ZnO-conjugated nanohybrids exhibited a higher antibacterial property, resulting in the antibacterial effect (measured with growth inhibition of cells) in the order ZnO-GO > ZnO-CNT > TiO2-GO > TiO2-CNT. Among four possible antibacterial mechanisms (generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), physicochemical characteristics, the steric effect, and release of metal ions), a primary mechanism-ROS generation-was identified; whereas, physicochemical characteristics and the steric effect were part of contributing mechanisms. The increasing dispersion of TiO2/ZnO on GO may have contributed to the antibacterial effects due to increasing surface areas. Similarly, significant damages to E. coli cell membranes were found by the GO sheet with its sharp edges. Our results suggest that applying GO-based ZnO or TiO2 could be an effective antibacterial method, especially for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Baek
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr. McArthur Engineering Building, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-0630, USA
| | - Sung Hee Joo
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr. McArthur Engineering Building, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-0630, USA.
| | - Chunming Su
- Groundwater, Watershed, and Ecosystem Restoration Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 919 Kerr Research Drive, Ada, OK, 74820, USA
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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11
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Narendrakumar L, Gupta SS, Johnson JB, Ramamurthy T, Thomas S. Molecular Adaptations and Antibiotic Resistance inVibrio cholerae: A Communal Challenge. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1012-1022. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi Narendrakumar
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Kerala, India
- Research Scholar, University of Kerala, Kerala, India
| | | | - John B. Johnson
- Viral Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sabu Thomas
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Kerala, India
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12
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Silvester R, Pires J, Van Boeckel TP, Madhavan A, Balakrishnan Meenakshikutti A, Hatha M. Occurrence of β-Lactam Resistance Genes and Plasmid-Mediated Resistance Among Vibrios Isolated from Southwest Coast of India. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1306-1315. [PMID: 31219408 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global threat driven by the overuse of drugs in humans, animals, as well as the contamination of natural environments with antimicrobial residues. In recent years, the rise of community-acquired infections resistant to antibiotics has drawn renewed attention to the environmental compartment, in particular for pathogens found in aquaculture systems. We quantified the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Vibrios isolated from the Cochin Estuary as well as the adjoining shrimp farms, and seafood from markets. A total of 280 Vibrio strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and screened for the presence of blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaNDM-1 genes. All strains identified were resistant to at least three antimicrobials, and the percentage of drugs resistant per strain ranged from 16% up to 60%. All the strains from the estuary were resistant to amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, and colistin. Similarly, strains isolated from seafood were resistant to enrofloxacin, furazolidone, and trimethoprim, and all strains from shrimp farms were resistant to colistin. Plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance was observed in 21% of the strains. In addition, the presence of blaNDM-1 gene was confirmed in 22.85% of the strains. The presence of multiple resistant phenotypes in vibrios, including resistance to last-resort compounds in domestic food sources, raises serious concerns for public health in the Cochin Estuary. Although localized in nature, our findings also have vital implications for the spread of AMR internationally, given the prominence of South India for seafood exports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Silvester
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, CUSAT, Kochi, India.,Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy (CDDEP), New Delhi, India
| | - Joao Pires
- Department of Earth Systems Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas P Van Boeckel
- Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy (CDDEP), New Delhi, India.,Department of Earth Systems Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ajin Madhavan
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, CUSAT, Kochi, India
| | | | - Mohamed Hatha
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, CUSAT, Kochi, India
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13
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Lee LH, Ab Mutalib NS, Law JWF, Wong SH, Letchumanan V. Discovery on Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Selangor Reveals Carbapenemase Producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Marine and Freshwater Fish. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2513. [PMID: 30410472 PMCID: PMC6209626 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium is often associated with fish and fishery products, thus causing gastroenteritis in humans upon ingestion of contaminated food. V. parahaemolyticus has become a globally well-known pathogen with yearly reported cases in many countries. This study aimed to discover the antibiotic resistance patterns of V. parahaemolyticus as well as detect Carbapenem resistant isolates from marine and freshwater fish in Selangor. A total of 240 freshwater and marine fish samples collected from wet market and supermarket in Selangor were tested for the presence of V. parahaemolyticus. All the fish samples were determined positive for V. parahaemolyticus using conventional microbiological culture-based method. The toxR gene were detected via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 165/240 (69%) isolates. The two-virulence factor of V. parahaemolyticus, thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and TDH-related hemolysin (trh) was screened via PCR. As such, four isolates were trh+and none were tdh+. Majority of the isolates presented high resistance to ampicillin (88%), amikacin (64%), and kanamycin (50%). In addition, this study identified 19-imipenem resistant isolates isolated from freshwater and marine fish samples. Further analysis of these 19-imipenem resistant isolates revealed that the resistance toward imipenem was plasmid mediated after plasmid curing assay. The multiple antibiotics resistance index was >0.2 for 70% of the isolates. In summary, the results confirm the presence of V. parahaemolyticus in freshwater and marine fish samples in Selangor, Malaysia. To our best knowledge, this is the first report discovering the antibiotic resistant patterns and Carbapenem-resistant isolates of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from marine and freshwater fish samples in Selangor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Centre, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Jodi Woan-Fei Law
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Vengadesh Letchumanan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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14
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Pilotto MR, Goncalves ANA, Vieira FN, Seifert WQ, Bachère E, Rosa RD, Perazzolo LM. Exploring the Impact of the Biofloc Rearing System and an Oral WSSV Challenge on the Intestinal Bacteriome of Litopenaeus vannamei. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030083. [PMID: 30096796 PMCID: PMC6164277 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide a global overview of the intestinal bacteriome of Litopenaeus vannamei in two rearing systems and after an oral challenge by the White spot syndrome virus (WSSV). By using a high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology, we identified and compared the composition and abundance of bacterial communities from the midgut of shrimp reared in the super-intensive biofloc technology (BFT) and clear seawater system (CWS). The predominant bacterial group belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria, followed by the phyla Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. Within Proteobacteria, the family Vibrionaceae, which includes opportunistic shrimp pathogens, was more abundant in CWS than in BFT-reared shrimp. Whereas the families Rhodobacteraceae and Enterobacteriaceae accounted for almost 20% of the bacterial communities of shrimp cultured in BFT, they corresponded to less than 3% in CWS-reared animals. Interestingly, the WSSV challenge dramatically changed the bacterial communities in terms of composition and abundance in comparison to its related unchallenged group. Proteobacteria remained the dominant phylum. Vibrionaceae was the most affected in BFT-reared shrimp (from 11.35 to 20.80%). By contrast, in CWS-reared animals the abundance of this family decreased from 68.23 to 23.38%. Our results provide new evidence on the influence of both abiotic and biotic factors on the gut bacteriome of aquatic species of commercial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana R Pilotto
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - André N A Goncalves
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Felipe N Vieira
- Laboratory of Marine Shrimp, Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Walter Q Seifert
- Laboratory of Marine Shrimp, Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Evelyne Bachère
- Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interactions-Hosts-Pathogens-Environment, UPVD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Rafael D Rosa
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Luciane M Perazzolo
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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15
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Silva IP, Carneiro CDS, Saraiva MAF, Oliveira TASD, Sousa OVD, Evangelista-Barreto NS. Antimicrobial resistance and potential virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from water and bivalve mollusks from Bahia, Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 131:757-762. [PMID: 29887003 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to verify the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and virulence factors of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from water and bivalve mollusks. A high percentage of V. parahaemolyticus was isolated in natura, processed bivalves tissues, and surrounding water (75%, 20%, and 59%, respectively). The most potential virulence phenotype in V. parahaemolyticus isolates was amylase production (97%) followed by DNase (83%), phospholipase (70%), β-hemolytic activity (57%). The tdh and trh genes were not detected. Besides, a high antimicrobial resistance was observed for ampicillin (97%), minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 400 μg and cephalothin (93%, MIC ≤ 100 μg). The absence of expression of tdh and trh virulence genes excluded the toxigenic potential of V. parahaemolyticus isolates; however, the high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among the environmental strains is a risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irana Paim Silva
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | - Camila de Souza Carneiro
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | - Margarete Alice Fontes Saraiva
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | - Thiago Alves Santos de Oliveira
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | - Oscarina Viana de Sousa
- Marine Science Institute - Federal University of Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Norma Suely Evangelista-Barreto
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil.
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16
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Molina-Cárdenas CA, Sánchez-Saavedra MDP. Inhibitory effect of benthic diatom species on three aquaculture pathogenic vibrios. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Antimicrobial resistance in diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from ready-to-eat foods. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:3612-3619. [PMID: 29051656 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Certain subgroups of Escherichia coli have congenital or acquired virulence properties that allow them to cause a wide spectrum of disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of diarrheagenic E. coli strains in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods produced in institutional, commercial and hotel restaurants in Salvador, Brazil. The presence of virulent isolates and antimicrobial resistance were evaluated. Four hundred forty-six samples were collected and grouped into cereals and vegetables, meat-based preparations, cooked salads, raw salads, garnishes, soups and sauces, desserts and juices. E. coli were detected using the most probable number method, the presence of virulence factors in isolates was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, and antibiotic resistance was analyzed using the disc diffusion method. In total, 15 isolates (3.1%) of E. coli were recovered; raw salads had the highest detection rate, 1.4%, followed by cooked salads, 0.8%; meat-based preparations, 0.4%; and cereals and vegetables, 0.4%. PCR assays showed that none of the isolates had the virulence genes cnf1, cnf2, eae, sta, lt1, stx1, stx2 or cdtB. The isolates showed resistance to nine antibiotics of the 15 tested, and the highest levels of resistance were found for sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tetracycline, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol (13.3% of isolates for each antibiotic). One isolate from cooked salad had plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin and chloramphenicol. These results suggest that RTE foods, especially raw salads, can be reservoirs of E. coli and facilitate the spread of antibiotic resistance genes to the gastrointestinal microbiota of humans.
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18
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Menezes FGRDE, Rodriguez MTT, Carvalho FCTDE, Rebouças RH, Costa RA, Sousa OVDE, Hofer E, Vieira RHSF. Pathogenic Vibrio species isolated from estuarine environments (Ceará, Brazil) - antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential profiles. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:1175-1188. [PMID: 28489191 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of virulent strains associated with aquatic environment is a current concern for the management and control of human and animal health. Thus, Vibrio diversity was investigated in four estuaries from state of Ceará (Pacoti, Choró, Pirangi and Jaguaribe) followed by antimicrobial susceptibility to different antimicrobials used in aquaculture and detection of main virulence factors to human health. Isolation and identification were performed on TCBS agar (selective medium) and dichotomous key based on biochemical characteristics, respectively. Nineteen strains of genus Vibrio were catalogued. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Choró River) and V. alginolyticus (Pacoti River) were the most abundant species in the four estuaries. All strains were submitted to disk diffusion technique (15 antimicrobials were tested). Resistance was found to: penicillin (82%), ampicillin (54%), cephalotin (7%), aztreonan (1%), gentamicin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone (0.5%). Five pathogenic strains were chosen to verification of virulence factors. Four estuaries showed a high abundance of species. High number of tested positive strains for virulence is concerning, since some of those strains are associated to human diseases, while others are known pathogens of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca G R DE Menezes
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Campus Universitário do Pici - UFC, Antônio Bezerra, 60455-460 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marina T T Rodriguez
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar/LABOMAR, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fátima C T DE Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Campus Universitário do Pici - UFC, Antônio Bezerra, 60455-460 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rosa H Rebouças
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar/LABOMAR, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Renata A Costa
- Instituto Superior de Teologia Aplicada/INTA, R. Antônio Rodrigues Magalhães, 359, Dom Expedito, 62050-100 Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Oscarina V DE Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar/LABOMAR, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Hofer
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Regine H S F Vieira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar/LABOMAR, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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19
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Rocha RDS, Sousa OVD, Vieira RHSDF. Multidrug-resistant Vibrio associated with an estuary affected by shrimp farming in Northeastern Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 105:337-340. [PMID: 26876560 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria of genus Vibrio with multidrug resistance in shrimp farm environment were recurrent. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile of 70 strains of Vibrio isolated from water and sediment of Acaraú estuary, Ceará, Brazil. In order to achieve this goal, disk diffusion technique was used with the following antimicrobial agents: ampicillin (Amp), aztreonam (Atm), cephalothin (Cef), cefotaxime (Ctx), ceftriaxone (Cro), ciprofloxacin (Cip), chloramphenicol (Clo), florfenicol (Flo), nitrofurantoin (Nit), gentamicin (Gen), oxytetracycline (Otc), tetracycline (Tet), streptomycin (Str), nalidixic acid (Nal), and sulfazotrim (Sut). All Vibrio strains were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, being verified as 17 multidrug-resistant profiles. All strains resistant to Otc and Tet were characterized to exhibit plasmidial resistance. Therefore, Vibrio strains from Acaraú estuary pose a risk to public health and aquatic culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Dos Santos Rocha
- Marine Sciences Institute - Labomar, Federal University of Ceará, Ave. da Abolição 3207, Meireles, 60165-081, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Fisheries Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Postgraduate Program of Fisheries Engineering, Ave. Mister Hull, s/n, Campus do Pici, Bloco 827, 60021-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Oscarina Viana de Sousa
- Marine Sciences Institute - Labomar, Federal University of Ceará, Ave. da Abolição 3207, Meireles, 60165-081, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Regine Helena Silva Dos Fernandes Vieira
- Marine Sciences Institute - Labomar, Federal University of Ceará, Ave. da Abolição 3207, Meireles, 60165-081, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Fisheries Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Postgraduate Program of Fisheries Engineering, Ave. Mister Hull, s/n, Campus do Pici, Bloco 827, 60021-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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20
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Costa RA, Araújo RL, Vieira RHSDF. RAW TROPICAL OYSTERS AS VEHICLES FOR MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016. [PMID: 26200957 PMCID: PMC4544241 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652015000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The following study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of
Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from fresh and frozen oysters
Crassostrea rhizophorae sold in Fortaleza-Brazil. An antibiogram
was performed on 87 isolates using nine antibiotics: gentamicin (Gen 10 µg),
ampicillin (Amp 10 µg), penicillin G (Pen 10U), ciprofloxacin (Cip 5 µg),
chloramphenicol (Chl 30 µg), nalidixic acid (Nal 30 µg), tetracycline (Tet 30 µg),
vancomycin (Van 30 µg) and erythromycin (Ery 15 µg). All strains were resistant to at
least one antibiotic, and 85 (97.7%) were multi-resistant, with predominance of the
Van+ Pen+Amp resistance profile (n = 46). Plasmid resistance to Pen, Amp and Ery was
detected. Thus, the risk that raw oyster consumption poses to the health of consumers
is highlighted, due to the fact that these bivalves may host antibacterial-resistant
microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rayza Lima Araújo
- Sea Science Institute, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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21
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Letchumanan V, Pusparajah P, Tan LTH, Yin WF, Lee LH, Chan KG. Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Shellfish in Selangor, Malaysia. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1417. [PMID: 26697003 PMCID: PMC4678184 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
High consumer demand for shellfish has led to the need for large-scale, reliable shellfish supply through aquaculture or shellfish farming. However, bacterial infections which can spread rapidly among shellfish poses a major threat to this industry. Shellfish farmers therefore often resort to extensive use of antibiotics, both prophylactically and therapeutically, in order to protect their stocks. The extensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture has been postulated to represent a major contributing factor in the rising incidence of antimicrobial resistant pathogenic bacteria in shellfish. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and determine the antibiotic resistance profile as well as to perform plasmid curing in order to determine the antibiotic resistance mediation. Based on colony morphology, all 450 samples tested were positive for Vibrio sp; however, tox-R assay showed that only 44.4% (200/450) of these were V. parahaemolyticus. Out of these 200 samples, 6.5% (13/200) were trh-positive while none were tdh-positive. Antibiotic resistance was determined for all V. parahaemolyticus identified against 14 commonly used antibiotics and the multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR) was calculated. The isolates demonstrated high resistance to several antibiotics tested- including second and third-line antibiotics- with 88% resistant to ampicillin, 81% to amikacin,70.5% to kanamycin, 73% to cefotaxime, and 51.5% to ceftazidime. The MAR index ranged from 0.00 to 0.79 with the majority of samples having an index of 0.36 (resistant to five antibiotics). Among the 13 trh-positive strains, almost 70% (9/13) demonstrated resistance to 4 or more antibiotics. Plasmid profiling for all V. parahaemolyticus isolates revealed that 86.5% (173/200) contained plasmids - ranging from 1 to 7 plasmids with DNA band sizes ranging from 1.2 kb to greater than 10 kb. 6/13 of the pathogenic V. pathogenic strains contained plasmid. After plasmid curing, the plasmid containing pathogenic strains isolated in our study have chromosomally mediated ampicillin resistance while the remaining resistance phenotypes are plasmid mediated. Overall, our results indicate that while the incidence of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish in Selangor still appears to be at relatively reassuring levels, antibiotic resistance is a real concern and warrants ongoing surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengadesh Letchumanan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Wai-Fong Yin
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Letchumanan V, Chan KG, Lee LH. An insight of traditional plasmid curing in Vibrio species. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:735. [PMID: 26347714 PMCID: PMC4544227 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the causative agent of foodborne related illness, Vibrio species causes a huge impact on the public health and management. Vibrio species is often associated with seafood as the latter plays a role as a vehicle to transmit bacterial infections. Hence, antibiotics are used not to promote growth but rather to prevent and treat bacterial infections. The extensive use of antibiotics in the aquaculture industry and environment has led to the emerging of antibiotic resistant strains. This phenomenon has triggered an alarming public health concern due to the increase number of pathogenic Vibrio strains that are resistant to clinically used antibiotics and is found in the environment. Antibiotic resistance and the genes location in the strains can be detected through plasmid curing assay. The results derived from plasmid curing assay is fast, cost effective, sufficient in providing insights, and influence the antibiotic management policies in the aquaculture industry. This presentation aims in discussing and providing insights on various curing agents in Vibrio species. To our best of knowledge, this is a first review written discussing on plasmid curing in Vibrio species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengadesh Letchumanan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway Malaysia ; Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway Malaysia
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Albuquerque Costa R, Araújo RL, Souza OV, Vieira RHSDF. Antibiotic-resistant vibrios in farmed shrimp. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:505914. [PMID: 25918714 PMCID: PMC4396125 DOI: 10.1155/2015/505914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined in 100 strains of Vibrio isolated from the Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp and identified phenotypically. A high antibiotic-resistance index (75%) was observed, with the following phenotypic profiles: monoresistance (n = 42), cross-resistance to β-lactams (n = 20) and multiple resistance (n = 13). Plasmid resistance was characterized for penicillin (n = 11), penicillin + ampicillin (n = 1), penicillin + aztreonam (n = 1), and ampicillin (n = 1). Resistance to antimicrobial drugs by the other strains (n = 86) was possibly mediated by chromosomal genes. The findings of this study support the conclusion that the cultured shrimps can be vehicles of vibrios resistant to β-lactam and tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Albuquerque Costa
- Sea Science Institute, Federal University of Ceará, Avenida Abolição 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Fisheries Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rayza Lima Araújo
- Sea Science Institute, Federal University of Ceará, Avenida Abolição 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Fisheries Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Oscarina Viana Souza
- Sea Science Institute, Federal University of Ceará, Avenida Abolição 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Fisheries Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Regine Helena Silva dos Fernandes Vieira
- Sea Science Institute, Federal University of Ceará, Avenida Abolição 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Fisheries Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Silvester R, Alexander D, Ammanamveetil MHA. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, virulence and plasmid profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from a tropical estuary and adjoining traditional prawn farm along the southwest coast of India. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Letchumanan V, Yin WF, Lee LH, Chan KG. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from retail shrimps in Malaysia. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:33. [PMID: 25688239 PMCID: PMC4311705 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine and estuarine bacterium that has been the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks which leads to a significant threat to human health worldwide. Consumption of seafood contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus causes acute gastroenteritis in individuals. The bacterium poses two main virulence factor including the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) which is a pore-forming protein that contributes to the invasiveness of the bacterium in humans and TDH-related hemolysin (trh), which plays a similar role as tdh in the disease pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance V. parahaemolyticus strains in shrimps purchased from wetmarkets and supermarkets. The toxR-based PCR assay indicated that a total of 57.8% (185/320) isolates were positive for V. parahaemolyticus. Only 10% (19/185) toxR-positive isolate exhibit the trh gene and none of the isolates were tested positive for tdh. The MAR index was measured for 14 common antimicrobial agents. The results indicated 98% of the isolates were highly susceptible to imipenem, ampicillin sulbactam (96%), chloramphenicol (95%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (93%), gentamicin (85%), levofloxacin (83%), and tetracycline (82%). The chloramphenicol (catA2) and kanamycin (aphA-3) resistance genes were detected in the resistant V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Our results demonstrate that shrimps are contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus, some of which carry the trh-gene thus being potential to cause food borne illness. The occurrence of multidrug resistance strains in the environment could be an indication of excessive usage of antibiotics in agriculture and aquaculture fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengadesh Letchumanan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Wai-Fong Yin
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Silva CM, Evangelista-Barreto NS, Vieira RHSDF, Mendonça KV, Sousa OVD. Population dynamics and antimicrobial susceptibility of Aeromonas spp. along a salinity gradient in an urban estuary in Northeastern Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 89:96-101. [PMID: 25455376 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to quantify population and identify culturable species of Aeromonas in sediment and surface water collected along a salinity gradient in an urban estuary in Northeastern Brazil. Thirty sediment samples and 30 water samples were collected from 3 sampling locations (A, B and C) between October 2007 and April 2008. The Aeromonas count was 10-7050CFU/mL (A), 25-38,500CFU/mL (B) and<10CFU/mL (C) for water samples, and ∼100-37,500CFU/g (A), 1200-43,500CFU/g (B) and<10CFU/g (C) for sediment samples. Five species (Aeromonas caviae, A. sobria, A. trota, A. salmonicida and A. allosaccharophila) were identified among 41 isolates. All strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone, whereas 33 (80, 4%) strains were resistant to at least 2 of the 9 antibiotics tested. Resistance to erythromycin was mostly plasmidial. In conclusion, due to pollution, the Cocó River is contaminated by pathogenic strains of Aeromonas spp. with a high incidence of antibacterial resistance, posing a serious risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Magalhães Silva
- Federal University of Ceara, Pos-Graduate Program of Engineering of Fish, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Campus do Pici, Bloco 848, 60021-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Norma Suely Evangelista-Barreto
- Federal University of Reconcavo Baiano CCAAB - Center for Research on Fisheries and Aquaculture (NEPA), Campus Universitário, 44380-000 Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Kamila Vieira Mendonça
- Institute of Marine Science, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Oscarina Viana de Sousa
- Institute of Marine Science, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Isolated from Fresh-Marketed Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). J Pathog 2014; 2014:756539. [PMID: 24808957 PMCID: PMC3997845 DOI: 10.1155/2014/756539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of seafood by bacteria of fecal origin, especially Escherichia coli, is a widely documented sanitary problem. The objective of the present study was to isolate E. coli strains from the gills, muscle, and body surface of farmed Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) fresh-marketed in supermarkets in Fortaleza (Ceará, Brazil), to determine their susceptibility to antibiotics of different families (amikacin, gentamicin, imipenem, cephalothin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, aztreonam, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, and sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim), and to determine the nature of resistance by plasmid curing. Forty-four strains (body surface = 25, gills = 15, muscle = 4) were isolated, all of which were susceptible to amikacin, aztreonam, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and imipenem. Gill and body surface samples yielded 11 isolates resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim, 4 of which of plasmidial nature. The multiple antibiotic resistance index was higher for strains isolated from body surface than from gills. The overall high antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli strains isolated from fresh-marketed tilapia was satisfactory, although the occasional finding of plasmidial resistance points to the need for close microbiological surveillance of the farming, handling, and marketing conditions of aquaculture products.
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Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Shrimp Farming Freshwater Environment in Northeast Region of Brazil. J Pathog 2013; 2013:685193. [PMID: 24455280 PMCID: PMC3881522 DOI: 10.1155/2013/685193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the presence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. in a shrimp farming environment in Northeast Region of Brazil. Samples of water and sediments from two farms rearing freshwater-acclimated Litopenaeus vannamei were examined for the presence of Salmonella. Afterwards, Salmonella isolates were serotyped, the antimicrobial resistance was determined by a disk diffusion method, and the plasmid curing was performed for resistant isolates. A total of 30 (16.12%) of the 186 isolates were confirmed to be Salmonella spp., belonging to five serovars: S. serovar Saintpaul, S. serovar Infantis, S. serovar Panama, S. serovar Madelia, and S. serovar Braenderup, along with 2 subspecies: S. enterica serovar houtenae and S. enterica serovar enterica. About twenty-three percent of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and twenty percent were resistant to at least two antibiotics. Three strains isolated from water samples (pond and inlet canal) exhibited multiresistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and nitrofurantoin. One of them had a plasmid with genes conferring resistance to nitrofurantoin and ampicillin. The incidence of bacteria pathogenic to humans in a shrimp farming environment, as well as their drug-resistance pattern revealed in this study, emphasizes the need for a more rigorous attention to this area.
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Antibiotic resistance and molecular typing among cockle (Anadara granosa) strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:649-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Lajnef R, Snoussi M, Romalde JL, Nozha C, Hassen A. Comparative study on the antibiotic susceptibility and plasmid profiles of Vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from four Tunisian marine biotopes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:3345-63. [PMID: 22918722 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The antibiotic resistance patterns and the plasmids profiles of the predominant etiological agent responsible for vibriosis in Tunisia, V. alginolyticus were studied to contribute to control their spread in some Mediterranean aquaculture farms and seawater. The sixty-nine V. alginolyticus strains isolated from different marine Tunisian biotopes (bathing waters, aquaculture and conchylicole farms and a river connected to the seawater during the cold seasons) were multi-drug resistant with high resistance rate to ampicillin, kanamycin, doxycyclin, erythromycin, imipinem, and nalidixic acid. The multiple resistance index ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 for the isolates of Khenis, from 0.5 to 0.8 for those of Menzel Jmil, from 0.5 to 0.75 (Hergla) and from 0.3 to 0.7 for the isolates of Oued Soltane. The high value of antibiotic resistance index was recorded for the V. alginolyticus population isolated from the fish farm in Hergla (ARI = 0.672) followed by the population isolated from the conchylicole station of Menzel Jmil (ARI = 0.645). The results obtained by the MIC tests confirmed the resistance of the V. alginolyticus to ampicillin, erythromycin, kanamycin, cefotaxime, streptomycin and trimethoprim. Plasmids were found in 79.48 % of the strains analyzed and 30 different plasmid profiles were observed. The strains had a high difference in the size of plasmids varying between 0.5 and 45 kb. Our study reveals that the antibiotic-resistant bacteria are widespread in the aquaculture and conchylicole farm relatively to others strains isolated from seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Lajnef
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux, Technopôle de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
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31
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Rebouças RH, de Sousa OV, Lima AS, Vasconcelos FR, de Carvalho PB, Vieira RHSDF. Antimicrobial resistance profile of Vibrio species isolated from marine shrimp farming environments (Litopenaeus vannamei) at Ceará, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 111:21-24. [PMID: 20970784 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian shrimp culture industry has a great economic importance mainly to the northeast region. However, the accelerated development of this activity has resulted in the emergency of outbreaks of diseases from farming shrimp, and as a consequence the use of antimicrobial drugs to minimize the potential adverse effect under the shrimp production. The inappropriate use of antibiotics in aquaculture is one of the causes for the high incidence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria isolated from aquatic environments that represent a danger for aquatic organisms and human health. There is little information available on the level of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria from shrimp farming environment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic resistance profile among Vibrio isolates from hatcheries water samples and from cultivated marine shrimp hepatopancreas (L. vannamei). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by a standard disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxytetracycline (OTC) for resistant Vibrio isolates was determinate by broth dilution method. The results showed a high incidence of resistance to ampicillin (45.2%) and to the tetracycline class (38.7%). Florfenicol and nitrofurantoin were 100% effective against Vibrio isolates. In this study, the OTC-resistant Vibrio spp. showed MIC values of more than 400mg/L and the presence of seawater did not influence the oxytetracycline bioactivity. The occurrence of antimicrobial multiresistance patterns was observed in 29% of Vibrio isolates. Fifty-five percent of multiresistant isolates of Vibrio lost one or more antibiotic resistance phenotype after procedure to curing of resistance plasmids. The oxytetracycline resistance was the phenotype most often lost among plasmid-cured isolates.
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Vasconcelos F, Rebouças R, Evangelista-Barreto N, Sousa OD, Vieira R. PERFIL DE RESISTÊNCIA ANTIMICROBIANA DE ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLADAS DO AÇUDE SANTO ANASTÁCIO, CEARÁ, BRASIL. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657v77p4052010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar a resistência antimicrobiana de 43 cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas do açude Santo Anastácio (Fortaleza, CE), durante os meses de janeiro a abril de 2007. As cepas foram submetidas a testes de suscetibilidade a oito antimicrobianos, tendo 67,4% delas apresentado sensibilidade a todos. Observou-se resistência à tetraciclina (25,6%), ao sulfazotrin (18,6%), ao ácido nalidixíco (9,3%) e a ciprofloxacina (4,7%). Nenhuma resistência foi observada aos betalactâmicos. Nove (21%) cepas apresentaram multirresistência, com um percentual de 78% para resistência cromossômica e 56% para resistência plasmidial. A presença de bactérias resistentes pode estar relacionada ao lançamento de antimicrobianos nas águas através de esgotos, sendo que o uso inadequado dessas águas pode comprometer a saúde da população.
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Vieira RHSDF, Carvalho EMR, Carvalho FCT, Silva CM, Sousa OV, Rodrigues DP. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and pond environment in northeastern Brazil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2010; 45:198-203. [PMID: 20390951 DOI: 10.1080/03601231003613526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to test the susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains isolated from the water, bottom sediments and individuals cultivated in shrimp farm ponds, to antibiotics belonging to different families, namely B-Lactams: Imipenem (IPM; 10 micro g), Ampicillin (AMP; 10 micro g), Cephalothin (CEP; 30 micro g), Cefoxitin (FOX; 30 micro g), Ceftriaxone (CRO; 30 micro g); Tetracycline: Tetracycline (TCY; 30 micro g); Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin (GEN; 10 micro g), Amikacin (AMK; 30 micro g); Chloramphenicol: Chloramphenicol (CHO; 30 micro g); Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin (CIP; 5 micro g); Nitrofurans: Nitrofurantoin (NIT; 300 micro g); Sulfonamides: Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (SXT; 30 micro g); Quilononas: Nalidixic Acid (NAL; 30 micro g). In the laboratory, the method of dissemination (Test Kirby-Bauer) was performed in order to fulfill the antibiogram tests. The results showed high indices of resistance to Imipenem, Cephalothin and Ampicillin. Chloramphenicol, Nitrofurantoin, Cefoxitin, Ceftiaxone and Ciprofloxacin have displayed the highest index of sensitive strains. The antibiotic resistance index (ARI) and the multiple resistance index (MAR) varied within the ranges of 0.068-0.077 and 0.15-0.39, respectively. More than 90.5% of strains of Escherichia coli showed a variety of resistance profiles to the tested antibiotics. The high indices of resistance may be a consequence of indiscriminate use of antibiotics, but also the transfer of resistance through mobile genetic elements found in shrimp farms.
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Sharshar KM, Azab EA. Studies on diseased freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii infected with Vibrio vulnificus. Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11:2092-2100. [PMID: 19266922 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.2092.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at isolation and characterization of the pathogenic bacterium from diseased freshwater prawn. The effect of the bacterial pathogen on hepatopancreas, gills and exoskeleton was also investigated. Diseased freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii were collected from commercial hatchery in Behera Governorate, Egypt. The diseased prawn showed dark brown focal lesions and necrosis of appendage tips. The causative bacterial pathogen was isolated from haemolymph and hepatopancreas of the diseased prawn. Based on the morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics, in addition EPI 20E test, the isolated pathogen was characterized as Vibrio vulnificus. Histopathology, hepatopancreas showed haemocytic infiltration in the interstitial sinuses, thickening and ruptures of the basal lamina and necrosis of its tubules. Similarly, the accumulation of haemocytes in the haemocoelic space, swelling, fusion of lamellae and abnormal gill tips. Also, the cuticular layers of the exoskeleton of diseased prawn had a rough or wrinkled surface and were disrupted and separated from the epidermis. The pathogen, V. vulnificus showed different degrees of sensitivity to different antimicrobial agents. It was highly sensitive to each of the antibiotics rifadin, virbamycin, oflaxcin, garamycin, flummox and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxzole) and resistant to nalidixic acid, unasyn, velosef, claforan, negram and amoxicillin. The minimal inhibitory concentration of trimethoprin/sulfamethoxzole for the studied pathogen, V. vulnificus was 0.31/5.93 microg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kh M Sharshar
- Department Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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35
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Defoirdt T, Boon N, Sorgeloos P, Verstraete W, Bossier P. Alternatives to antibiotics to control bacterial infections: luminescent vibriosis in aquaculture as an example. Trends Biotechnol 2007; 25:472-9. [PMID: 17719667 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The massive (mis)use of antibiotics to control infections in aquaculture has resulted in the development of resistant strains, which have rendered antibiotic treatments ineffective. Moreover, the horizontal transfer of resistance determinants to human pathogens and the presence of antibiotic residues in aquaculture products for human consumption constitute important threats to public health. Therefore, to make the aquaculture industry more sustainable, new strategies to control infections are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Defoirdt
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Halet D, Defoirdt T, Van Damme P, Vervaeren H, Forrez I, Van de Wiele T, Boon N, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P, Verstraete W. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-accumulating bacteria protect gnotobiotic Artemia franciscana from pathogenic Vibrio campbellii. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2007; 60:363-9. [PMID: 17391334 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB)-accumulating enrichment culture was obtained using activated sludge from a polyphosphate-accumulating reactor as inoculum. PHB accumulated by the enrichment culture significantly enhanced the survival of Artemia nauplii, infected with the virulent pathogen Vibrio campbellii LMG 21363. A strain was isolated from the enrichment culture, based on its ability to accumulate PHB, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the isolate revealed 99% sequence similarity to Brachymonas denitrificans AS-P1. The isolate, named PHB2, showed good PHB-accumulating activity (up to 32% of the cell dry weight). PHB accumulated by isolate PHB2 was able to protect Artemia completely from the V. campbellii strain. Our data indicate that PHB-accumulating bacteria, such as B. denitrificans PHB2, could be used as an an effective and economically interesting alternative strategy to control infections in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Halet
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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37
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Defoirdt T, Halet D, Vervaeren H, Boon N, Van de Wiele T, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P, Verstraete W. The bacterial storage compound poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate protects Artemia franciscana from pathogenic Vibrio campbellii. Environ Microbiol 2007; 9:445-52. [PMID: 17222142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant luminescent Vibrios can cause dramatic losses in aquaculture. In this study, the short-chain fatty acid beta-hydroxybutyrate and its polymer poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate were investigated as possible new biocontrol agents. beta-Hydroxybutyrate was shown to completely inhibit the growth of pathogenic Vibrio campbelli at 100 mM. Moreover, the addition of 100 mM of this fatty acid to the culture water of Artemia nauplii infected with the V. campbelli strain significantly increased the survival of the nauplii. As Artemia is a non-selective and particle filter feeder, we also investigated whether poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate particles could be used to protect Artemia from the pathogenic V. campbellii. The addition of 100 mg l(-1) poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate or more to the Artemia culture water offered a preventive and curative protection from the pathogen as a significantly enhanced survival was noticed. If added as a preventive treatment, a complete protection of infected nauplii (no significant mortality compared with uninfected nauplii) was observed at 1000 mg l(-1) poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate. Our data indicate that the use of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate might constitute an ecologically and economically sustainable alternative strategy to fight infections in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Defoirdt
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Abstract
Vibrios are ubiquitous and abundant in the aquatic environment. A high abundance of vibrios is also detected in tissues and/or organs of various marine algae and animals, e.g., abalones, bivalves, corals, fish, shrimp, sponges, squid, and zooplankton. Vibrios harbour a wealth of diverse genomes as revealed by different genomic techniques including amplified fragment length polymorphism, multilocus sequence typing, repetetive extragenic palindrome PCR, ribotyping, and whole-genome sequencing. The 74 species of this group are distributed among four different families, i.e., Enterovibrionaceae, Photobacteriaceae, Salinivibrionaceae, and Vibrionaceae. Two new genera, i.e., Enterovibrio norvegicus and Grimontia hollisae, and 20 novel species, i.e., Enterovibrio coralii, Photobacterium eurosenbergii, V. brasiliensis, V. chagasii, V. coralliillyticus, V. crassostreae, V. fortis, V. gallicus, V. hepatarius, V. hispanicus, V. kanaloaei, V. neonatus, V. neptunius, V. pomeroyi, V. pacinii, V. rotiferianus, V. superstes, V. tasmaniensis, V. ezurae, and V. xuii, have been described in the last few years. Comparative genome analyses have already revealed a variety of genomic events, including mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, loss of genes by decay or deletion, and gene acquisitions through duplication or horizontal transfer (e.g., in the acquisition of bacteriophages, pathogenicity islands, and super-integrons), that are probably important driving forces in the evolution and speciation of vibrios. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics through the application of, e.g., microarrays will facilitate the investigation of the gene repertoire at the species level. Based on such new genomic information, the taxonomy and the species concept for vibrios will be reviewed in the next years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano L Thompson
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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