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Ajuna HB, Lim HI, Moon JH, Won SJ, Choub V, Choi SI, Yun JY, Ahn YS. The Prospect of Hydrolytic Enzymes from Bacillus Species in the Biological Control of Pests and Diseases in Forest and Fruit Tree Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16889. [PMID: 38069212 PMCID: PMC10707167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases and insect pest damage cause tremendous losses in forestry and fruit tree production. Even though chemical pesticides have been effective in the control of plant diseases and insect pests for several decades, they are increasingly becoming undesirable due to their toxic residues that affect human life, animals, and the environment, as well as the growing challenge of pesticide resistance. In this study, we review the potential of hydrolytic enzymes from Bacillus species such as chitinases, β-1,3-glucanases, proteases, lipases, amylases, and cellulases in the biological control of phytopathogens and insect pests, which could be a more sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides. This study highlights the application potential of the hydrolytic enzymes from different Bacillus sp. as effective biocontrol alternatives against phytopathogens/insect pests through the degradation of cell wall/insect cuticles, which are mainly composed of structural polysaccharides like chitins, β-glucans, glycoproteins, and lipids. This study demonstrates the prospects for applying hydrolytic enzymes from Bacillus sp. as effective biopesticides in forest and fruit tree production, their mode of biocidal activity and dual antimicrobial/insecticidal potential, which indicates a great prospect for the simultaneous biocontrol of pests/diseases. Further research should focus on optimizing the production of hydrolytic enzymes, and the antimicrobial/insecticidal synergism of different Bacillus sp. which could facilitate the simultaneous biocontrol of pests and diseases in forest and fruit tree production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry B. Ajuna
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.B.A.); (J.-H.M.); (S.-J.W.); (V.C.); (S.-I.C.); (J.-Y.Y.)
| | - Hyo-In Lim
- Forest Bioinformation Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Hyun Moon
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.B.A.); (J.-H.M.); (S.-J.W.); (V.C.); (S.-I.C.); (J.-Y.Y.)
| | - Sang-Jae Won
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.B.A.); (J.-H.M.); (S.-J.W.); (V.C.); (S.-I.C.); (J.-Y.Y.)
| | - Vantha Choub
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.B.A.); (J.-H.M.); (S.-J.W.); (V.C.); (S.-I.C.); (J.-Y.Y.)
| | - Su-In Choi
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.B.A.); (J.-H.M.); (S.-J.W.); (V.C.); (S.-I.C.); (J.-Y.Y.)
| | - Ju-Yeol Yun
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.B.A.); (J.-H.M.); (S.-J.W.); (V.C.); (S.-I.C.); (J.-Y.Y.)
| | - Young Sang Ahn
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.B.A.); (J.-H.M.); (S.-J.W.); (V.C.); (S.-I.C.); (J.-Y.Y.)
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Gasparek M, Steel H, Papachristodoulou A. Deciphering mechanisms of production of natural compounds using inducer-producer microbial consortia. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108117. [PMID: 36813010 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms produce a wide range of metabolites. Because of their potential antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, or cytostatic properties, such natural molecules are of high interest to the pharmaceutical industry. In nature, these metabolites are often synthesized via secondary metabolic biosynthetic gene clusters that are silent under the typical culturing conditions. Among different techniques used to activate these silent gene clusters, co-culturing of "producer" species with specific "inducer" microbes is a particularly appealing approach due to its simplicity. Although several "inducer-producer" microbial consortia have been reported in the literature and hundreds of different secondary metabolites with attractive biopharmaceutical properties have been described as a result of co-cultivating inducer-producer consortia, less attention has been devoted to the understanding of the mechanisms and possible means of induction for production of secondary metabolites in co-cultures. This lack of understanding of fundamental biological functions and inter-species interactions significantly limits the diversity and yield of valuable compounds using biological engineering tools. In this review, we summarize and categorize the known physiological mechanisms of production of secondary metabolites in inducer-producer consortia, and then discuss approaches that could be exploited to optimize the discovery and production of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Gasparek
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Harrison Steel
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
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Wang B, Lei X, Chen J, Li W, Long Y, Wang W. Antifungal Activities of Bacillus mojavensis BQ-33 towards the Kiwifruit Black Spot Disease Caused by the Fungal Pathogen Didymella glomerata. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102085. [PMID: 36296359 PMCID: PMC9611226 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis, cultivar ‘Hongyang’) black spot disease is caused by the fungal pathogen Didymella glomerata, and is a serious disease, causing considerable losses to the kiwifruit industry during growth of the fruit. Hence, we aimed to identify a potential biocontrol agent against D. glomerata. In this study, bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere soil of kiwifruit were tested for their potential antifungal activity against selected fungal pathogens. Based on a phylogenetic tree constructed using sequences of 16S rDNA and the gyrA gene, BQ-33 with the best antifungal activity was identified as Bacillus mojavensis. We evaluated the antagonistic activity and inhibitory mechanism of BQ-33 against D. glomerata. Confrontation experiments showed that both BQ-33 suspension and the sterile supernatant (SS) produced by BQ-33 possessed excellent broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Furthermore, the SS damaged the cell membrane and cell wall of the mycelia, resulting in the leakage of a large quantity of small ions (Na+, K+), soluble proteins and nucleic acids. Chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities in SS increased in correlation with incubation time and remained at a high level for several days. An in vivo control efficacy assay indicated that 400 mL L−1 of SS completely inhibited kiwifruit black spot disease caused by D. glomerata. Therefore, BQ-33 is a potential biocontrol agent against kiwifruit black spot and plant diseases caused by other fungal pathogens. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of a rhizosphere microorganism as a biocontrol agent against kiwifruit black spot disease caused by D. glomerata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingce Wang
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Youhua Long
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Weizhen Wang
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.W.)
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Control of Fungal Diseases and Fruit Yield Improvement of Strawberry Using Bacillus velezensis CE 100. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020365. [PMID: 35208819 PMCID: PMC8880615 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing health and environmental risks associated with the use of fungicides in agriculture, alternatives—such as using plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) to suppress phytopathogens—that simultaneously improve plant yield, are important. This study evaluated the biocontrol efficiency of Bacillus velezensis CE100 against Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, the respective causal agents for charcoal rot and fusarium wilt diseases in strawberry, and its potential to enhance strawberry growth and fruit production. B. velezensis CE 100 produced fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes, chitinases, and β-1,3-glucanases; and inhibited the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina and F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae by 64.7% and 55.2%, respectively. The mycelia of both phytopathogenic fungi showed severe swelling and rupturing of the hyphae compared to the smooth, normal growth in the control group. Moreover, B. velezensis CE100 produced up to 2.8 units/mL of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) during incubation and enhanced root biomass in strawberries. Consequently, B. velezensis CE 100 not only increased the fruit yield of strawberries by controlling the fungal diseases but also through enhancing plant growth. The findings of this study indicate that B. velezensis CE100 could be a safe, ecofriendly biocontrol alternative to chemical fungicides in strawberry production.
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Lu H, Li R, Yang P, Luo W, Chen S, Bilal M, Xu H, Gu C, Liu S, Zhao Y, Geng C, Zhao L. iTRAQ-BASED Proteomic Analysis of the Mechanism of Fructose on Improving Fengycin Biosynthesis in Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206309. [PMID: 34684889 PMCID: PMC8539540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fengycin, as a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis, displays potent activity against filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus flavus and Soft-rot fungus, which exhibits a wide range of potential applications in food industries, agriculture, and medicine. To better clarify the regulatory mechanism of fructose on fengycin biosynthesis, the iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis was utilized to investigate the differentially expressed proteins of B. amyloliquefaciens fmb-60 cultivated in ML (without fructose) and MLF (with fructose) medium. The results indicated that a total of 811 proteins, including 248 proteins with differential expression levels (162 which were upregulated (fold > 2) and 86, which were downregulated (fold < 0.5) were detected, and most of the proteins are associated with cellular metabolism, biosynthesis, and biological regulation process. Moreover, the target genes’ relative expression was conducted using quantitative real-time PCR to validate the proteomic analysis results. Based on the results of proteome analysis, the supposed pathways of fructose enhancing fengycin biosynthesis in B. amyloliquefaciens fmb-60 can be summarized as improvement of the metabolic process, including cellular amino acid and amide, fatty acid biosynthesis, peptide and protein, nucleotide and nucleobase-containing compound, drug/toxin, cofactor, and vitamin; reinforcement of peptide/protein translation, modification, biological process, and response to a stimulus. In conclusion, this study represents a comprehensive and systematic investigation of the fructose mechanism on improving fengycin biosynthesis in B. amyloliquefaciens, which will provide a road map to facilitate the potential application of fengycin or its homolog in defending against filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedong Lu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ruili Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 250003, China;
| | - Panping Yang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Weibo Luo
- Institute of Food and Marine Bio-Resources, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (W.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Shunxian Chen
- Institute of Food and Marine Bio-Resources, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (W.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hai Xu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chengyuan Gu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chengxin Geng
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-517-83559107 (C.G.); +86-517-83559216 (L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-517-83559107 (C.G.); +86-517-83559216 (L.Z.)
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Choub V, Ajuna HB, Won SJ, Moon JH, Choi SI, Maung CEH, Kim CW, Ahn YS. Antifungal Activity of Bacillus velezensis CE 100 against Anthracnose Disease ( Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) and Growth Promotion of Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Trees. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910438. [PMID: 34638782 PMCID: PMC8508943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnut anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a deleterious disease that severely affects the production of walnut (Juglans regia L.). The aim of this study was to assess the antifungal and growth promotion activities of Bacillus velezensis CE 100 as an alternative to chemical use in walnut production. The crude enzyme from B. velezensis CE 100 exhibited chitinase, protease, and β-l,3-glucanase activity and degraded the cell wall of C. gloeosporioides, causing the inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth by 99.3% and 33.6% at 100 µL/mL, respectively. The field application of B. velezensis CE 100 culture broth resulted in a 1.3-fold and 6.9-fold decrease in anthracnose disease severity compared to the conventional and control groups, respectively. Moreover, B. velezensis CE 100 produced indole-3-acetic acid (up to 1.4 µg/mL) and exhibited the potential for ammonium production and phosphate solubilization to enhance the availability of essential nutrients. Thus, field inoculation of B. velezensis CE 100 improved walnut root development, increased nutrient uptake, enhanced chlorophyll content, and consequently improved total biomass by 1.5-fold and 2.0-fold compared to the conventional and control groups, respectively. These results demonstrate that B. velezensis CE 100 is an effective biocontrol agent against anthracnose disease and a potential plant growth-promoting bacteria in walnut tree production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vantha Choub
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (V.C.); (H.B.A.); (S.-J.W.); (J.-H.M.); (S.-I.C.)
| | - Henry B. Ajuna
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (V.C.); (H.B.A.); (S.-J.W.); (J.-H.M.); (S.-I.C.)
| | - Sang-Jae Won
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (V.C.); (H.B.A.); (S.-J.W.); (J.-H.M.); (S.-I.C.)
| | - Jae-Hyun Moon
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (V.C.); (H.B.A.); (S.-J.W.); (J.-H.M.); (S.-I.C.)
| | - Su-In Choi
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (V.C.); (H.B.A.); (S.-J.W.); (J.-H.M.); (S.-I.C.)
| | - Chaw Ei Htwe Maung
- Division of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Chul-Woo Kim
- Division of Special-purpose Trees, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Korea;
| | - Young Sang Ahn
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (V.C.); (H.B.A.); (S.-J.W.); (J.-H.M.); (S.-I.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-530-2081; Fax: +82-62-530-2089
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Wang R, Wang C, Zuo B, Liang X, Zhang D, Liu R, Yang L, Lu B, Wang X, Gao J. A Novel Biocontrol Strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FS6 for Excellent Control of Gray Mold and Seedling Diseases of Ginseng. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:1926-1935. [PMID: 33289407 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-20-1593-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FS6 against seedling diseases and gray mold of ginseng (Panax ginseng), as well as application techniques, were evaluated in a series of field trials. FS6 fermentation broth showed a strong antagonistic effect against the ginseng fungal pathogens, and the inhibition rates on mycelial growth and spore germination were 84 to 88% and 71 to 72%, respectively. Field evaluation showed that combination of seed and soil treatments exhibited better protection than that of individual treatment alone. FS6 wettable powder soil treatment in combination with thiamethoxam plus metalaxyl-M plus fludioxonil for seed coating performed the best, with >83% overall control efficacy for seedling diseases. FS6 had a long-acting effect of >78% control efficacy on ginseng gray mold at 30 days after the last application, almost 2.5- and 2-fold better than that of B. amyloliquefaciens B7900 wettable powder and cyprodinil, respectively. In addition, FS6 reduced the diversity and relative abundance of fungi and affected the fungi and bacterial composition in the rhizosphere soil of ginseng. Therefore, FS6 can be used to effectively control seedling diseases and gray mold in ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chunwei Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Bing Zuo
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xinyuan Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Danni Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Renxuan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lina Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- State-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Baohui Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- State-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- State-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- State-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Changchun, 130118, China
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Kapoore RV, Padmaperuma G, Maneein S, Vaidyanathan S. Co-culturing microbial consortia: approaches for applications in biomanufacturing and bioprocessing. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:46-72. [PMID: 33980092 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1921691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The application of microbial co-cultures is now recognized in the fields of biotechnology, ecology, and medicine. Understanding the biological interactions that govern the association of microorganisms would shape the way in which artificial/synthetic co-cultures or consortia are developed. The ability to accurately predict and control cell-to-cell interactions fully would be a significant enabler in synthetic biology. Co-culturing method development holds the key to strategically engineer environments in which the co-cultured microorganism can be monitored. Various approaches have been employed which aim to emulate the natural environment and gain access to the untapped natural resources emerging from cross-talk between partners. Amongst these methods are the use of a communal liquid medium for growth, use of a solid-liquid interface, membrane separation, spatial separation, and use of microfluidics systems. Maximizing the information content of interactions monitored is one of the major challenges that needs to be addressed by these designs. This review critically evaluates the significance and drawbacks of the co-culturing approaches used to this day in biotechnological applications, relevant to biomanufacturing. It is recommended that experimental results for a co-cultured species should be validated with different co-culture approaches due to variations in interactions that could exist as a result of the culturing method selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Vijay Kapoore
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Gloria Padmaperuma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Supattra Maneein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical & Environmental Sciences, The University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
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Zhang W, Xin H, Jiang N, Lv Z, Shu J, Shi H. Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens-9 as an Alternative Approach to Cure Diarrhea in Saanen Kids. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030592. [PMID: 33668259 PMCID: PMC7996169 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 (GBacillus-9), derived from the intestinal tract of the white-spotted bamboo shark, secretes a variety of antimicrobial compounds that inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, the role of GBacillus-9 in the prevention and treatment of Saanen kids with diarrhea was assessed. Six healthy kids (HL) and six kids with diarrhea (DL) were selected. All kids were fed with 0.3% (w/v) GBacillus-9 (spray power) in raw milk for two weeks. The proportion of kids with diarrhea decreased gradually as the trial progressed, and 100% DL kids were cured at day 15. GBacillus-9 increased the serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-6 concentration (p < 0.05). The amplicon sequencing analysis of the fecal bacterial community revealed that the fecal microbiota was remarkably different between the HL and the DL groups at day 0. After two weeks of feeding with GBacillus-9, no significant difference in fecal microbiota was observed between HL and DL groups at the phylum level. GBacillus-9 restored the intestinal microbial disorder associated with serum immunoglobulin and interleukin concentration. Correlation analysis showed that GBacillus-9 altered globulin and interleukin concentration and that immunoglobulin was associated with Firmicutes. Collectively, our results revealed that GBacillus-9 improved the gut health of kids by improving microbial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (W.Z.); (H.X.); (N.J.); (Z.L.); (J.S.)
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huijie Xin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (W.Z.); (H.X.); (N.J.); (Z.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Nannan Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (W.Z.); (H.X.); (N.J.); (Z.L.); (J.S.)
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (W.Z.); (H.X.); (N.J.); (Z.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jianhong Shu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (W.Z.); (H.X.); (N.J.); (Z.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Hengbo Shi
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-88981341
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10
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Isolation, purification, gene cloning and expression of antifungal protein from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MG-3. Food Chem 2021; 349:129130. [PMID: 33540220 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The antifungal protein MG-3A was isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MG-3, and was purified and identified. The results showed that antifungal protein MG-3A was likely a serine protease with a molecular weight of ~48 kDa. The serine protease exhibited a broad antifungal spectrum and effectively extended the shelf-life of loquat fruit up to 25 d. The antifungal protein MG-3A showed good stabilities to temperature, pH and protease K. Primers were designed according to the mass spectrum of antifungal protein and the comparison with proteins in the NCBI database. The serine protease gene MG-3A from B. amyloliquefaciens genome was isolated and cloned using PCR. The prokaryotic expression plasmid pET28a-MG-3A was constructed and used to express the antimicrobial protein in vitro. The SDS-PAGE results showed that the recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) was highly soluble. Affinity chromatography was used to purify the recombinant protein and its antifungal activity was evaluated.
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11
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Wang R, Liang X, Long Z, Wang X, Yang L, Lu B, Gao J. An LCI-like protein APC 2 protects ginseng root from Fusarium solani infection. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:165-178. [PMID: 32639629 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to purify an antimicrobial protein from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FS6 culture supernatant, verify its antimicrobial activity against Fusarium solani and evaluate its biocontrol potential for ginseng root rot. METHODS AND RESULTS The antimicrobial protein was purified from FS6 culture supernatant using ammonium sulphate precipitation, anion exchange and gel chromatography. Based on mass spectrometry results, the purified protein was identified as an antimicrobial protein of the LCI family and was designated APC2 . The APC2 recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli (BL21) significantly inhibited F. solani and decreased the infection and spread of F. solani in ginseng root. An overexpressing APC2 strain FS6-APC2 was constructed and shown to have enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to the wild-type strain FS6. CONCLUSIONS The APC2 protein shows strong antimicrobial activity against F. solani, reduces the incidence and severity of ginseng root rot caused by F. solani and exhibits a great biocontrol potential. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study reports the inhibitory activity of APC2 protein (LCI family) against F. solani and its protective efficacy on ginseng root rot. These findings provide a scientific basis for future research on the biocontrol mechanism, as well as the development and application of FS6.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - X Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Z Long
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - X Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - L Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - B Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - J Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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12
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Zhang W, Wei L, Xu R, Lin G, Xin H, Lv Z, Qian H, Shi H. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Material Production in the Fermentation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 from Whitespotted Bamboo Shark ( Chiloscyllium plagiosum). Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020119. [PMID: 32085415 PMCID: PMC7073760 DOI: 10.3390/md18020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 (GBacillus-9), which is isolated from the intestinal tract of the white-spotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum), can secrete potential antibacterial materials, such as β-1,3-1,4-glucanase and some antimicrobial peptides. However, the low fermentation production has hindered the development of GBacillus-9 as biological additives. In this study, the Plackett–Burman design and response surface methodology were used to optimize the fermentation conditions in a shake flask to obtain a higher yield and antibacterial activity of GBacillus-9. On the basis of the data from medium screening, M9 medium was selected as the basic medium for fermentation. The data from the single-factor experiment showed that sucrose had the highest antibacterial activity among the 10 carbon sources. The Plackett–Burman design identified sucrose, NH4Cl, and MgSO4 as the major variables altering antibacterial activity. The optimal concentrations of these compounds to enhance antibacterial activity were assessed using the central composite design. Data showed that sucrose, NH4Cl, and MgSO4 had the highest antibacterial activities at concentrations of 64.8, 1.84, and 0.08 g L−1, respectively. The data also showed that the optimal fermentation conditions for the antibacterial material production of GBacillus-9 were as follows: Inoculum volume of 5%, initial pH of 7.0, temperature of 36 °C, rotating speed of 180 rpm, and fermentation time of 10 h. The optimal fermentation medium and conditions achieved to improve the yield of antibacterial materials for GBacillus-9 can enhance the process of developing biological additives derived from GBacillus-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Zhejiang provincial key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Zhejiang provincial key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Zhejiang provincial key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guodong Lin
- Zhejiang provincial key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huijie Xin
- Zhejiang provincial key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- Zhejiang provincial key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hong Qian
- Zhejiang provincial key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (H.Q.); (H.S.); Tel.: +86-571-8898-1341 (H.S.)
| | - Hengbo Shi
- Zhejiang provincial key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- Correspondence: (H.Q.); (H.S.); Tel.: +86-571-8898-1341 (H.S.)
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13
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Bacterial communities associated with anthracnose symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves of guarana, an endogenous tropical crop, and their pathogen antagonistic effects. Arch Microbiol 2019; 201:1061-1073. [PMID: 31123792 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Plants are colonized by diverse microorganisms that can substantially impact their health and growth. Understanding bacterial diversity and the relationships between bacteria and phytopathogens may be key to finding effective biocontrol agents. We evaluated the bacterial community associated with anthracnose symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves of guarana, a typical tropical crop. Bacterial communities were assessed through culture-independent techniques based on extensive 16S rRNA sequencing, and cultured bacterial strains were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum sp. as well as for enzyme and siderophore production. The culture-independent method revealed that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum, but many sequences were unclassified. The emergence of anthracnose disease did not significantly affect the bacterial community, but the abundance of the genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella were significantly higher in the symptomatic leaves. In vitro growth of Colletotrichum sp. was inhibited by 11.38% of the cultured bacterial strains, and bacteria with the highest inhibition rates were isolated from symptomatic leaves, while asymptomatic leaves hosted significantly more bacteria that produced amylase and polygalacturonase. The bacterial isolate Bacillus sp. EpD2-5 demonstrated the highest inhibition rate against Colletotrichum sp., whereas the isolates EpD2-12 and FD5-12 from the same genus also had high inhibition rates. These isolates were also able to produce several hydrolytic enzymes and siderophores, indicating that they may be good candidates for the biocontrol of anthracnose. Our work demonstrated the importance of using a polyphasic approach to study microbial communities from plant diseases, and future work should focus on elucidating the roles of culture-independent bacterial communities in guarana anthracnose disease.
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Kiani T, Khan SA, Noureen N, Yasmin T, Zakria M, Ahmed H, Mehboob F, Farrakh S. Isolation and characterization of culturable endophytic bacterial community of stripe rust-resistant and stripe rust-susceptible Pakistani wheat cultivars. Int Microbiol 2018; 22:191-201. [PMID: 30810983 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-018-00039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, endophytic bacteria isolated from root, stem, and leaf tissues of stripe rust-susceptible (Inqilab 91, Galaxy 2013, and 15BT023) and stripe rust-resistant (NARC 2011, Ujala 2015, TW1410) cultivars were identified and characterized. Abundance of endophytes was found in roots as compared with stems and leaves. Resistant and susceptible cultivars significantly differed in abundance of endophytic bacteria. Restriction analysis of 16S rRNA genes amplified from 100 bacterial isolates produced 17 unique patterns. Representatives of each of the 17 unique patterns were sequenced and identified. Among the sequenced bacteria, 8 belonged to Firmicutes, 7 were Proteobacteria, and 2 were Actinobacteria. Most of the isolates have plant growth-promoting properties and a few have the potential of producing hydrolytic enzymes. Two isolates showed significant inhibition of rust spore germination. These endophytic bacteria not only can be helpful in growth-promoting activities but also can assist in biocontrol of stripe rust disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehmina Kiani
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Abid Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Noureen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sumaira Farrakh
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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15
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Chen K, Tian Z, Luo Y, Cheng Y, Long CA. Antagonistic Activity and the Mechanism of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DH-4 Against Citrus Green Mold. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:1253-1262. [PMID: 29799309 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-17-0032-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruit usually suffer significant losses during the storage and transportation stages. Green mold, a postharvest rot of citrus fruit caused by Penicillium digitatum, is one of the most serious fungal diseases. In this study, the antagonist strain DH-4 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to morphological observation and 16S ribosomal DNA analysis. In addition, it showed broad antifungal activity, especially the suppression of Penicillium spp. The culture filtrate of strain DH-4 exhibited apparent activity against P. digitatum in vitro and in vivo. In storage, the culture filtrate with DH-4 in it showed a better antiseptic effect. The antifungal substances in the culture filtrate, produced by strain DH-4, displayed stable activity in various extreme conditions. In addition, the antifungal substances in the culture filtrate were identified as macrolactin, bacillaene, iturins, fengycin, and surfactin by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis. The UPLC fractions containing these antifungal compounds were basically heat tolerant and all responsible for the antagonistic activity against P. digitatum. Transmission electron microscope observation indicated that the antifungal substances might cause abnormalities in the P. digitatum cellular ultrastructure, which could be the possible mode of action of B. amyloliquefaciens against P. digitatum. In addition, it was confirmed via scanning electron microscope analysis that the main way it inhibited P. digitatum was by secreting antimicrobial compounds without direct interaction. This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanism of B. amyloliquefaciens against citrus green mold as well as providing a potential application for the biocontrol of postharvest rot diseases in citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- All authors: Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China; and first author: Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghuan Tian
- All authors: Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China; and first author: Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Luo
- All authors: Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China; and first author: Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, P. R. China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- All authors: Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China; and first author: Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, P. R. China
| | - Chao-An Long
- All authors: Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of the Ministry of Education, National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China; and first author: Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, P. R. China
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16
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Fei H, Lin GD, Zheng CC, Huang MM, Qian SC, Wu ZJ, Sun C, Shi ZG, Li JY, Han BN. Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Yarrowia lipolytica lipase 2 on immunology and growth performance of Hybrid sturgeon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:250-257. [PMID: 30125703 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A 12-weeks feeding trial was performed to investigate the possible effects of supplementation of Hybrid sturgeon diet with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (GB-9) and Yarrowia lipolytica lipase2 (YLL2) single or combined on immune response and growth performance of Hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenkii ♂and Acipenser baeri ♀). For this aim, Hybrid sturgeons were fed with four experimental diets namely: Diet 1 (0-control), Diet 2 (5.0 g/kg GB-9), Diet 3 (4.0 g/kg YLL2), and Diet 4 (5.0 g/kg GB-9 + 4.0 g/kg YLL2), respectively. After fed with varied diets, growth performance, mucosal immune response, leukocytes immune response and serum immunological response were measured. The results indicated that supplementations of GB-9 + YLL2 resulted in a significant increase in final weight, Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Eicosapentenoic acid (EPA) concentration, compared with that of control (p < 0.05). For innate immunity, the results showed that skin mucus lysozyme activity, leukocytes phagocytosis activity and reactive oxygen species level, and serum alternative complement pathway activity, peroxidase and lysozyme activity were significantly higher in supplemented groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). The highest values were recorded in fish fed both YLL2 and GB-9 with respect to the individual application. The present results suggested that the combination of these supplementation could be considered as potential feed-additives for aquaculture farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Guo-Dong Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Cheng-Cai Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Meng-Meng Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shi-Chao Qian
- Hangzhou Biopeptide Biotech Co., Ltd., 310012, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ju Wu
- Hangzhou Biopeptide Biotech Co., Ltd., 310012, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhen-Guang Shi
- Yunnan Amur Sturgeon Group Co., Ltd., 654200, Huize, China
| | - Jian-You Li
- Huize Dian Ze Aquaculture Co., Ltd., 654200, Huize, China
| | - Bing-Nan Han
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Qingdao Master Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 266000, China
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Dukare AS, Paul S, Nambi VE, Gupta RK, Singh R, Sharma K, Vishwakarma RK. Exploitation of microbial antagonists for the control of postharvest diseases of fruits: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1498-1513. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1417235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajinath Shridhar Dukare
- ICAR - Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana/Abohar, Punjab, India
| | - Sangeeta Paul
- ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - V. Eyarkai Nambi
- ICAR - Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana/Abohar, Punjab, India
| | - Ram Kishore Gupta
- ICAR - Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana/Abohar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajbir Singh
- ICAR - Agricultural Technology Application Research Institutes, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kalyani Sharma
- ICAR - Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana/Abohar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Vishwakarma
- ICAR - Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana/Abohar, Punjab, India
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18
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Zhang QX, Zhang Y, Shan HH, Tong YH, Chen XJ, Liu FQ. Isolation and identification of antifungal peptides from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W10. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:25000-25009. [PMID: 28920176 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antifungal metabolites produced by Bacillus sp. W10, which was previously isolated from the tomato rhizosphere, were investigated. Strain W10 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by analysis of its 16S rDNA and gyrB gene partial sequences. PCR analysis showed the presence of fenB, sfp, and ituD genes, coding for fengycin, surfactin, and iturin, respectively. A novel small antifungal peptide, designated 5240, produced by this strain was isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and Superdex 200 gel filtration chromatography. The 5240 peptide was stable at 100 °C for 20 min and remained active throughout a wide pH range (4-10). The antagonistic activity was not affected by protease K and trypsin. The purified 5240 peptide exhibited a broad inhibitory spectrum against various plant pathogenic fungi and was identified as iturin A (C14-C16). Moreover, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry indicated the presence of fengycin A (C14-C15), fengycin B (C16-C17), and surfactin (C13-C16) isoforms in supernatants from strain W10. These results suggest that B. amyloliquefaciens W10 has significant potential as a biocontrol agent.
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MESH Headings
- Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/genetics
- Chromatography, Gel/methods
- DNA Gyrase/genetics
- DNA Gyrase/metabolism
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- Fractional Precipitation/methods
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xia Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Hai-Huan Shan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, China
| | - Yun-Hui Tong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xi-Jun Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Feng-Quan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 10014, China
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Sierra-García IN, Romero-Tabarez M, Orduz-Peralta S. Determinación de la actividad antimicrobiana e insecticida de extractos producidos por bacterias aisladas de suelo. ACTUALIDADES BIOLÓGICAS 2017. [DOI: 10.17533/96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Colombia es considerado uno de los países con mayor diversidad biológica, sin embargo, muy poca de esa diversidad ha sido explorada para identificar sustancias biológicamente activas. Los metabolitos secundarios bacterianos pueden presentar actividad frente a patógenos de plantas y animales y representan alternativas biotecnológicas para la industria. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el potencial de diferentes cepas bacterianas aisladas de suelo, para producir sustancias biológicamente activas como antibacterianos, antifúngicos e insecticidas. Un total de 92 extractos metanólicos de metabolitos secundarios bacterianos fueron evaluados. La actividad antibacterial y antifúngica se evaluó mediante el ensayo de difusión en agar frente a diversas bacterias como Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus frente a diferentes hongos Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp., Pestalotia sp. y Verticillium sp. La actividad insecticida se evaluó determinando el efecto de los extractos sobre la mortalidad de larvas de Aedes aegypti (Diptera) y Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera). Se determinó que el 50% de los aislamientos bacterianos tuvieron algún tipo de actividad, aunque la mayor actividad biológica se detectó en los extractos producidos por bacterias del género Bacillus, identificados por medio de análisis del ADN ribosomal 16S y por caracterización bioquímica con API® 50 CHB, MicroLogTM y Biolog. Las especies del género Bacillus identificadas han sido caracterizadas como productoras de compuestos antimicrobianos de amplio espectro o de varios compuestos con diferentes actividades. La actividad biológica presentada por los extractos evidencian que los microorganismos terrestres y especialmente, las especies de Bacillus son productores prolíficos de diversas sustancias bioactivas.
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20
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Intra B, Greule A, Bechthold A, Euanorasetr J, Paululat T, Panbangred W. Thailandins A and B, New Polyene Macrolactone Compounds Isolated from Actinokineospora bangkokensis Strain 44EHW(T), Possessing Antifungal Activity against Anthracnose Fungi and Pathogenic Yeasts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5171-5179. [PMID: 27267862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two new polyene macrolactone antibiotics, thailandins A, 1, and B, 2, were isolated from the fermentation broth of rhizosphere soil-associated Actinokineospora bangkokensis strain 44EHW(T). The new compounds from this strain were purified using semipreparative HPLC and Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration while following an antifungal activity guided fractionation. Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic techniques including UV, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR. These compounds demonstrated broad spectrum antifungal activity against fungi causing anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides DoA d0762, Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes DoA c1060, and Colletotrichum capsici DoA c1511) as well as pathogenic yeasts (Candida albicans MT 2013/1, Candida parasilopsis DKMU 434, and Cryptococcus neoformans MT 2013/2) with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging between 16 and 32 μg/mL. This is the first report of polyene antibiotics produced by Actinokineospora species as bioactive compounds against anthracnose fungi and pathogenic yeast strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bungonsiri Intra
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , 272 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Mahidol University and Osaka Collaborative Research Center on Bioscience and Biotechnology , Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Anja Greule
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bechthold
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jirayut Euanorasetr
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , 272 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Mahidol University and Osaka Collaborative Research Center on Bioscience and Biotechnology , Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thomas Paululat
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Organic Chemistry II, University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Watanalai Panbangred
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , 272 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Mahidol University and Osaka Collaborative Research Center on Bioscience and Biotechnology , Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Xu T, Zhu T, Li S. β-1,3-1,4-glucanase gene from Bacillus velezensis ZJ20 exerts antifungal effect on plant pathogenic fungi. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chen Y, Xu H, Zhou M, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhang J. Salecan Enhances the Activities of β-1,3-Glucanase and Decreases the Biomass of Soil-Borne Fungi. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134799. [PMID: 26247592 PMCID: PMC4527723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Salecan, a linear extracellular polysaccharide consisting of β-1,3-D-glucan, has potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salecan on soil microbial communities in a vegetable patch. Compositional shifts in the genetic structure of indigenous soil bacterial and fungal communities were monitored using culture-dependent dilution plating, culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR. After 60 days, soil microorganism counts showed no significant variation in bacterial density and a marked decrease in the numbers of fungi. The DGGE profiles revealed that salecan changed the composition of the microbial community in soil by increasing the amount of Bacillus strains and decreasing the amount of Fusarium strains. Quantitative PCR confirmed that the populations of the soil-borne fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma spp. were decreased approximately 6- and 2-fold, respectively, in soil containing salecan. This decrease in the amount of fungi can be explained by salecan inducing an increase in the activities of β-1,3-glucanase in the soil. These results suggest the promising application of salecan for biological control of pathogens of soil-borne fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Chen
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyi Zhou
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (SW)
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (SW)
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Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus pumilus Strain WP8, an Efficient Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/1/e01452-14. [PMID: 25614565 PMCID: PMC4319618 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01452-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus pumilus strain WP8 is an efficient plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. Here, we present the complete genome of WP8 and its genes involved in plant growth promotion and biocontrol.
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Silva LJ, Crevelin EJ, Souza WR, Moraes LAB, Melo IS, Zucchi TD. Streptomyces araujoniae Produces a Multiantibiotic Complex with Ionophoric Properties to Control Botrytis cinerea. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2014; 104:1298-305. [PMID: 24983843 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-13-0327-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A recently described actinomycete species (Streptomyces araujoniae ASBV-1(T)) is effective against many phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of this species to inhibit Botrytis cinerea development in strawberry pseudofruit, and we identified the chemical structures of its bioactive compounds. An ethyl acetate crude extract (0.1 mg ml(-1)) of ASBV-1(T) fermentation broth completely inhibited fungus growth in strawberry pseudofruit under storage conditions. The crude extract was fractionated by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography; the active fraction was further evaluated by tandem mass spectrometry. ASBV-1(T) produced a multiantibiotic complex with ionophoric properties. This complex contained members of the macrotetralides class (including monactin, dinactin, trinactin, and tetranactin) and the cyclodepsipeptide valinomycin, all of which were active against B. cinerea. Furthermore, the addition of 2 mM MgSO4 and 1 mM ZnSO4 enhanced macrotetralide and valinomycin production, respectively, in the culture broth. These compounds are considered to be the main active molecules that S. araujoniae produces to control B. cinerea. Their low to moderate toxicity to humans and the environment justifies the application of ASBV-1(T) in biological control programs that aim to mitigate the damage caused by this phytopathogen.
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Huang J, Wei Z, Tan S, Mei X, Shen Q, Xu Y. Suppression of bacterial wilt of tomato by bioorganic fertilizer made from the antibacterial compound producing strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HR62. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10708-16. [PMID: 25322261 DOI: 10.1021/jf503136a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) is an important soil-borne pathogen worldwide. We investigated the effects of a new bioorganic fertilizer, BIO62, which was made from organic fertilizer and antagonist Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HR62, on the control of bacterial wilt of tomato in greenhouse condition. The results showed that the application of BIO62 significantly decreased disease incidence by 65% and strongly reduced R. solanacearum populations both in the rhizosphere soil (8.04 log cfu g(-1) dry soil) and crown sections (5.63 log cfu g(-1) fresh plant section) at 28 days after pathogen challenge. Antibacterial compounds produced by HR62 were purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and HPLC and then identified using HPLC/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis. Macrolactin A and 7-O-malonyl macrolactin A (molecular weights of 402 and 488 Da, respectively), along with surfactin B (molecular weights of 994, 1008, 1022, and 1036 Da), were observed to inhibit the growth of R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, 210095, China
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Sang MK, Kim EN, Han GD, Kwack MS, Jeun YC, Kim KD. Priming-mediated systemic resistance in cucumber induced by Pseudomonas azotoformans GC-B19 and Paenibacillus elgii MM-B22 against Colletotrichum orbiculare. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2014; 104:834-42. [PMID: 24502209 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-13-0305-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Induced systemic resistance (ISR) can be activated by biotic agents, including root-associated beneficial bacteria to inhibit pathogen infection. We investigated priming-mediated ISR in cucumber induced by Pseudomonas azotoformans GC-B19 and Paenibacillus elgii MM-B22 against Colletotrichum orbiculare (causal fungus of anthracnose). In addition, we examined whether this ISR expression was bacterial density-dependent by assessing peroxidase activity in the presence and absence of the pathogen. As a result, root treatment with the ISR-eliciting strains GC-B19 and MM-B22 or the chemical inducer DL-β-amino-n-butyric acid (positive control) significantly inhibited fungal infection process (conidial germination and appressorium formation) and disease severity compared with the non-ISR-eliciting strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PK-B09 (negative control), and MgSO4 solution (untreated control). These treatments effectively induced rapid elicitation of hypersensitive reaction-like cell death with H2O2 generations, and accumulation of defense-related enzymes (β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and peroxidase) in cucumber leaves in the "primed" state against C. orbiculare. In addition, ISR expression was dependent on the bacterial cell density in the rhizosphere. This ISR expression was derived from the presence of sustained bacterial populations ranging from 10(4) to 10(6) cells/g of potting mix over a period of time after introduction of bacteria (10(6) to 10(10) cells/g of potting mix) into the rhizosphere. Taken together, these results suggest that priming-mediated ISR against C. orbiculare in cucumber can be induced in a bacterial density-dependent manner by Pseudomonas azotoformans GC-B19 and Paenibacillus elgii MM-B22.
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Szilagyi-Zecchin VJ, Ikeda AC, Hungria M, Adamoski D, Kava-Cordeiro V, Glienke C, Galli-Terasawa LV. Identification and characterization of endophytic bacteria from corn (Zea mays L.) roots with biotechnological potential in agriculture. AMB Express 2014; 4:26. [PMID: 24949261 PMCID: PMC4052694 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0026-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Six endophytic bacteria of corn roots were identified as Bacillus sp. and as Enterobacter sp, by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Four of the strains, CNPSo 2476, CNPSo 2477, CNPSo 2478 and CNPSo 2480 were positive for the nitrogen fixation ability evaluated through the acetylene reduction assay and amplification of nifH gene. Two Bacillus strains (CNPSo 2477 and CNPSo 2478) showed outstanding skills for the production of IAA, siderophores and lytic enzymes, but were not good candidates as growth promoters, because they reduced seed germination. However, the same strains were antagonists against the pathogenic fungi Fusarium verticillioides, Colletotrichum graminicola, Bipolaris maydis and Cercospora zea-maydis. As an indication of favorable bacterial action, Enterobacter sp. CNPSo 2480 and Bacillus sp. CNPSo 2481 increased the root volume by 44% and 39%, respectively, and the seed germination by 47% and 56%, respectively. Therefore, these two strains are good candidates for future testing as biological inoculants for corn.
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Luo Y, Sun L, Zhu Z, Ran W, Shen Q. Identification and characterization of an anti-fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerium protease from the Bacillus subtilis strain N7. J Microbiol 2013; 51:359-66. [PMID: 23812816 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-013-2627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A newly discovered alkaline antifungal protease named P6 from Bacillus subtilis N7 was purified and partially characterized. B. subtilis N7 culture filtrates were purified by 30-60% (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed a single band of 41.38 kDa. Peptide sequence of protease P6 was determined using a 4800 Plus MALDI TOF/TOF™ Analyzer System. Self-Formed Adaptor PCR (SEFA-PCR) was used to amplify the 1,149 bp open read frame of P6. Dimensional structure prediction using Automatic Modeling Mode software showed that the protease P6 consisted of two β-barrel domains. Purified P6 strongly inhibited spore and mycelium growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerium (FOC) by causing hypha lysis when the concentration was 25 μg/ml. Characterization of the purified protease indicated that it had substrate specificity for gelatin and was highly active at pH 8.0-10.6 and 70°C. The P6 protease was inhibited by EDTA (2 mmol/L), phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF, 1 mmol/L), Na(+), Fe(3+), Cu(2+), Mg(2+) (5 mmol/L each) and H2O2 (2%, v/v). However, protease activity was activated by Ca(2+), K(+), Mn(2+) (5 mmol/L each), mercaptoethanol (2%, v/v) and Tween 80 (1%, v/v). In addition, activity was also affected by organic solvents such as acetone, normal butanol and ethanol, but not hexane (25%, v/v each).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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29
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Wang X, Wang J, Jin P, Zheng Y. Investigating the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis SM21 on controlling Rhizopus rot in peach fruit. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 164:141-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Brzezinska MS, Jankiewicz U. Production of antifungal chitinase by Aspergillus niger LOCK 62 and its potential role in the biological control. Curr Microbiol 2012; 65:666-72. [PMID: 22922773 PMCID: PMC3477585 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger LOCK 62 produces an antifungal chitinase. Different sources of chitin in the medium were used to test the production of the chitinase. Chitinase production was most effective when colloidal chitin and shrimp shell were used as substrates. The optimum incubation period for chitinase production by Aspergillus niger LOCK 62 was 6 days. The chitinase was purified from the culture medium by fractionation with ammonium sulfate and affinity chromatography. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was 43 kDa. The highest activity was obtained at 40 °C for both crude and purified enzymes. The crude chitinase activity was stable during 180 min incubation at 40 °C, but purified chitinase lost about 25 % of its activity under these conditions. Optimal pH for chitinase activity was pH 6-6.5. The activity of crude and purified enzyme was stabilized by Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) ions, but inhibited by Hg(2+) and Pb(2+) ions. Chitinase isolated from Aspergillus niger LOCK 62 inhibited the growth of the fungal phytopathogens: Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani. The growth of Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium oxysporum was not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 9, Toruń, Poland.
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31
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Jankiewicz U, Brzezinska MS, Saks E. Identification and characterization of a chitinase of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a bacterium that is antagonistic towards fungal phytopathogens. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 113:30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Devi SI, Somkuwar B, Potshangbam M, Talukdar NC. Genetic characterization of <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> strain from Northeast India: A potential bio-control agent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2012.38144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Petatán-Sagahón I, Anducho-Reyes MA, Silva-Rojas HV, Arana-Cuenca A, Tellez-Jurado A, Cárdenas-Álvarez IO, Mercado-Flores Y. Isolation of bacteria with antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungi Stenocarpella maydis and Stenocarpella macrospora. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:5522-37. [PMID: 22016606 PMCID: PMC3189730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12095522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenocarpella maydis and Stenocarpella macrospora are the causal agents of ear rot in corn, which is one of the most destructive diseases in this crop worldwide. These fungi are important mycotoxin producers that cause different pathologies in farmed animals and represent an important risk for humans. In this work, 160 strains were isolated from soil of corn crops of which 10 showed antifungal activity against these phytopathogens, which, were identified as: Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pantoea agglomerans by sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and the phylogenetic analysis. From cultures of each strain, extracellular filtrates were obtained and assayed to determine antifungal activity. The best filtrates were obtained in the stationary phase of B. subtilis cultures that were stable to the temperature and extreme pH values; in addition they did not show a cytotoxicity effect against brine shrimp and inhibited germination of conidia. The bacteria described in this work have the potential to be used in the control of white ear rot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Petatán-Sagahón
- Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo, Km. 38.5 Carretera México-Texcoco. Chapingo. Estado de México, CP 56230, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - Miguel Angel Anducho-Reyes
- Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Km. 20 Carretera Pachuca Cd. Sahagún. Rancho Luna, Ex-Hacienda de Sta. Barbara, Municipio de Zempoala, Hidalgo, CP 42184, Mexico; E-Mails: (M.A.A.-R.); (A.A.-C.); (A.T.-J.); (I.O.C.-A.)
| | - Hilda Victoria Silva-Rojas
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Producción de Semillas, Km. 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco. Edo. de México, CP 56230, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - Ainhoa Arana-Cuenca
- Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Km. 20 Carretera Pachuca Cd. Sahagún. Rancho Luna, Ex-Hacienda de Sta. Barbara, Municipio de Zempoala, Hidalgo, CP 42184, Mexico; E-Mails: (M.A.A.-R.); (A.A.-C.); (A.T.-J.); (I.O.C.-A.)
| | - Alejandro Tellez-Jurado
- Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Km. 20 Carretera Pachuca Cd. Sahagún. Rancho Luna, Ex-Hacienda de Sta. Barbara, Municipio de Zempoala, Hidalgo, CP 42184, Mexico; E-Mails: (M.A.A.-R.); (A.A.-C.); (A.T.-J.); (I.O.C.-A.)
| | - Isabel Oyuki Cárdenas-Álvarez
- Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Km. 20 Carretera Pachuca Cd. Sahagún. Rancho Luna, Ex-Hacienda de Sta. Barbara, Municipio de Zempoala, Hidalgo, CP 42184, Mexico; E-Mails: (M.A.A.-R.); (A.A.-C.); (A.T.-J.); (I.O.C.-A.)
| | - Yuridia Mercado-Flores
- Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Km. 20 Carretera Pachuca Cd. Sahagún. Rancho Luna, Ex-Hacienda de Sta. Barbara, Municipio de Zempoala, Hidalgo, CP 42184, Mexico; E-Mails: (M.A.A.-R.); (A.A.-C.); (A.T.-J.); (I.O.C.-A.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: ; ; Tel./Fax: +52-771-54-77-510
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Susi P, Aktuganov G, Himanen J, Korpela T. Biological control of wood decay against fungal infection. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2011; 92:1681-1689. [PMID: 21440981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Wood (timber) is an important raw material for various purposes, and having biological composition it is susceptible to deterioration by various agents. The history of wood protection by impregnation with synthetic chemicals is almost two hundred years old. However, the ever-increasing public concern and the new environmental regulations on the use of chemicals have created the need for the development and the use of alternative methods for wood protection. Biological wood protection by antagonistic microbes alone or in combination with (bio)chemicals, is one of the most promising ways for the environmentally sound wood protection. The most effective biocontrol antagonists belong to genera Trichoderma, Gliocladium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Streptomyces. They compete for an ecological niche by consuming available nutrients as well as by secreting a spectrum of biochemicals effective against various fungal pathogens. The biochemicals include cell wall-degrading enzymes, siderophores, chelating iron and a wide variety of volatile and non-volatile antibiotics. In this review, the nature and the function of the antagonistic microbes in wood protection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Susi
- Institute of Microbiology and Pathology, Department of Virology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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Hao W, Li H, Hu M, Yang L, Rizwan-ul-Haq M. Integrated control of citrus green and blue mold and sour rot by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in combination with tea saponin. POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2011; 59:316-323. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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36
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Isolation and characterization of a new Burkholderia pyrrocinia strain JK-SH007 as a potential biocontrol agent. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Study on an antimicrobial protein produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa JSa-9 isolated from soil. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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SATO T, FUKUDA T, MORITA H. Glucoamylse Production in Submerged Co-Culture System of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Rhizopus cohnii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.11301/jsfe.12.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro SATO
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu
| | | | - Hiroshi MORITA
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu
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Canova SP, Petta T, Reyes LF, Zucchi TD, Moraes LAB, Melo IS. Characterization of lipopeptides from Paenibacillus sp. (IIRAC30) suppressing Rhizoctonia solani. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Cloning, characterization, and antifungal activity of an endo-1,3-β-d-glucanase from Streptomyces sp. S27. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:1483-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Mohammadipour M, Mousivand M, Salehi Jouzani G, Abbasalizadeh S. Molecular and biochemical characterization of Iranian surfactin-producing Bacillus subtilis isolates and evaluation of their biocontrol potential against Aspergillus flavus and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Can J Microbiol 2009; 55:395-404. [PMID: 19396239 DOI: 10.1139/w08-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of surfactin-producing Bacillus subtilis isolates collected from different ecological zones of Iran is presented. Characterization was performed using blood agar, PCR, drop-collapse, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses, and the isolates' biocontrol effects against the aflatoxin-producing agent Aspergillus flavus and the citrus antracnosis agent Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were studied. In total, 290 B. subtilis isolates were isolated from phylosphere and rhizosphere samples collected from fields and gardens of 5 provinces of Iran. Blood agar assays showed that 185 isolates produced different biosurfactants. Isolates containing the sfp gene, coding for surfactin, were detected using the PCR method. It was found that 14 different isolates contained the sfp gene. Drop-collapse assays, which detect isolates with high production of surfactin, showed that 7 isolates produced high levels of surfactin. It was found from HPLC analysis that the isolates containin the sfp gene produced between 55 and 1610 mg of surfactin per litre of broth medium. Four isolates, named BS119m, BS116l, N3dn, and BS113c, produced more than 1000 mg of surfactin per litre of broth. The highest surfactin production level was observed for isolate BS119m (1610 mg/L). The antagonistic potential of the sfp gene-containing isolates was determined using dual culture and chloroform vapour methods. Our bioassay results indicated that isolate BS119m showed high inhibitory effects against A. flavus (100%) and C. gloeosporioides (88%). Furthermore, the effect of purified surfactin on the growth of A. flavus was evaluated. Mycelia growth was considerably reduced with increasing concentration of surfactin, and 36%, 54%, 84%, and 100% inhibitions of mycelia growth were, respectively, observed at 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/L after 7 days of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Mohammadipour
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Mahdasht Road, Karaj, Iran
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Li J, Yang Q, Zhao LH, Zhang SM, Wang YX, Zhao XY. Purification and characterization of a novel antifungal protein from Bacillus subtilis strain B29. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2009; 10:264-72. [PMID: 19353744 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b0820341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An antifungal protein was isolated from a culture of Bacillus subtilis strain B29. The isolation procedure comprised ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-52 cellulose and gel filtration chromatography on Bio-Gel P-100. The protein was absorbed on DEAE-cellulose and Bio-Gel P-100. The purified antifungal fraction was designated as B29I, with a molecular mass of 42.3 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), pI value 5.69 by isoelectric focusing (IEF)-PAGE, and 97.81% purity by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). B29I exhibited inhibitory activity on mycelial growth in Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium moniliforme, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) of its antifungal activity toward Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani were 45 and 112 micromol/L, respectively. B29I also demonstrated an inhibitory effect on conidial spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum and suppression of germ-tube elongation, and induced distortion, tumescence, and rupture of a portion of the germinated spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Tarkka MT, Sarniguet A, Frey-Klett P. Inter-kingdom encounters: recent advances in molecular bacterium-fungus interactions. Curr Genet 2009; 55:233-43. [PMID: 19337734 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-009-0241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between bacteria and fungi are well known, but it is often underestimated how intimate and decisive such associations can be with respect to behaviour and survival of each participating organism. In this article we review recent advances in molecular bacterium-fungus interactions, combining the data of different model systems. Emphasis is given to the positive or negative consequences these interactions have on the microbe accommodating plants and animals. Intricate mechanisms of antagonism and tolerance have emerged, being as important for the biological control of plants against fungal diseases as for the human body against fungal infections. Bacterial growth promoters of fungal mycelium have been characterized, and these may as well assist plant-fungus mutualism as disease development in animals. Some of the toxins that have been previously associated with fungi are actually produced by endobacteria, and the mechanisms that lie behind the maintenance of such exquisite endosymbioses are fascinating. Bacteria do cause diseases in fungi, and a synergistic action between bacterial toxins and extracellular enzymes is the hallmark of such diseases. The molecular study of bacterium-fungus associations has expanded our view on microbial communication, and this promising field shows now great potentials in medicinal, agricultural and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika T Tarkka
- UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany.
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Zucchi TD, de Moraes LAB, de Melo IS. Streptomyces sp. ASBV-1 reduces aflatoxin accumulation by Aspergillus parasiticus in peanut grains. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:2153-60. [PMID: 19016976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03940.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the ability of Streptomyces sp. (strain ASBV-1) to restrict aflatoxin accumulation in peanut grains. METHODS AND RESULTS In the control of many phytopathogenic fungi the Streptomyces sp. ASBV-1 strain showed promise. An inhibitory test using this strain and A. parasiticus was conducted in peanut grains to evaluate the effects of this interaction on spore viability and aflatoxin accumulation. In some treatments the Streptomyces sp ASBV-1 strain reduced the viability of A. parasiticus spores by c. 85%, and inhibited aflatoxin accumulation in peanut grains. The values of these reductions ranged from 63 to 98% and from 67% to 96% for aflatoxins B(1) and G(1), respectively. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that Streptomyces sp. ASBV-1 is able to colonize peanut grains and thus inhibit the spore viability of A. parasiticus, as well as reducing aflatoxin production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The positive finding for aflatoxin accumulation reduction in peanut grains seems promising and suggests a wider use of this actinobacteria in biological control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Zucchi
- Departamento de Entomologia, Fitopatologia & Zoologia Agrícola, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Aktuganov G, Melentjev A, Galimzianova N, Khalikova E, Korpela T, Susi P. Wide-range antifungal antagonism of Paenibacillus ehimensis IB-X-b and its dependence on chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase production. Can J Microbiol 2008; 54:577-87. [PMID: 18641704 DOI: 10.1139/w08-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we isolated a strain of Bacillus that had antifungal activity and produced lytic enzymes with fungicidal potential. In the present study, we identified the bacterium as Paenibacillus ehimensis and further explored its antifungal properties. In liquid co-cultivation assays, P. ehimensis IB-X-b decreased biomass production of several pathogenic fungi by 45%-75%. The inhibition was accompanied by degradation of fungal cell walls and alterations in hyphal morphology. Residual medium from cultures of P. ehimensis IB-X-b inhibited fungal growth, indicating the inhibitors were secreted into the medium. Of the 2 major lytic enzymes, chitinases were only induced by chitin-containing substrates, whereas beta-1,3-glucanase showed steady levels in all carbon sources. Both purified chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase degraded cell walls of macerated fungal mycelia, whereas only the latter also degraded cell walls of intact mycelia. The results indicate synergism between the antifungal action mechanisms of these enzymes in which beta-1,3-glucanase is the initiator of the cell wall hydrolysis, whereas the degradation process is reinforced by chitinases. Paenibacillus ehimensis IB-X-b has pronounced antifungal activity with a wide range of fungi and has potential as a biological control agent against plant pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Aktuganov
- Institute of Biology, Ufa Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Oktyabrya 69, Ufa 450054, Russia
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Cheng YM, Hong TY, Liu CC, Meng M. Cloning and functional characterization of a complex endo-beta-1,3-glucanase from Paenibacillus sp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 81:1051-61. [PMID: 18802694 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A beta-1,3-glucanase gene, encoding a protein of 1,793 amino acids, was cloned from a strain of Paenibacillus sp. in this study. This large protein, designated as LamA, consists of many putative functional units, which include, from N to C terminus, a leader peptide, three repeats of the S-layer homologous module, a catalytic module of glycoside hydrolase family 16, four repeats of the carbohydrate-binding module of family CBM_4_9, and an analogue of coagulation factor Fa5/8C. Several truncated proteins, composed of the catalytic module with various organizations of the appended modules, were successfully expressed and characterized in this study. Data indicated that the catalytic module specifically hydrolyze beta-1,3- and beta-1,3-1,4-glucans. Also, laminaritriose was the major product upon endolytic hydrolysis of laminarin. The CBM repeats and Fa5/8C analogue substantially enhanced the hydrolyzing activity of the catalytic module, particularly toward insoluble complex substrates, suggesting their modulating functions in the enzymatic activity of LamA. Carbohydrate-binding assay confirmed the binding capabilities of the CBM repeats and Fa5/8C analogue to beta-1,3-, beta-1,3-1,4-, and even beta-1,4-glucans. These appended modules also enhanced the inhibition effect of the catalytic module on the growth of Candida albicans and Rhizoctonia solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Mei Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd, Taichung, Taiwan 40227, Republic of China
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Sharma N, Sharma S. Control of foliar diseases of mustard by Bacillus from reclaimed soil. Microbiol Res 2008; 163:408-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2006.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhou WW, Huang JX, Niu TG. Isolation of an antifungal Paenibacillus strain HT16 from locusts and purification of its medium-dependent antagonistic component. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:912-9. [PMID: 18422553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate an antagonist for use in the biological control of the phytopathogenic fungus Penicillium expansum and purify the antifungal component produced by the antagonist. METHODS AND RESULTS An antifungal strain HT16 was isolated from locusts, showing strong inhibition to Pen. expansum. Based on its in vitro effectiveness, HT16 was characterized as a strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa by phenotypic tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It was found that the antifungal component HT16 secreted was only induced by Poria cocos sclerotium (PCS), and it remained active after sterilization at 121 degrees C for 15 min. The protein was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, heating process, and ultrafiltration using a 10 kDa cut-off membrane. The molecular weight of the purified antifungal protein, which was determined by mass spectrometry, was 4517 Da. CONCLUSIONS A novel bacterial strain HT16 antagonistic to Pen. expansum was isolated from locusts and identified as Pae. polymyxa. The antifungal protein of 4517 Da was purified, and its production needed the inducer PCS in the fermentation medium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The antagonistic protein from Pae. polymyxa showed strong antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungus Pen. expansum. This strain HT16 and the antifungal metabolite are therefore strong candidates for the biocontrol of phytopathogens in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-W Zhou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Aktuganov GE, Galimzyanova NF, Melent’ev AI, Kuz’mina LY. Extracellular hydrolases of strain Bacillus sp. 739 and their involvement in the lysis of micromycete cell walls. Microbiology (Reading) 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261707040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Liu Y, Chen Z, Ng TB, Zhang J, Zhou M, Song F, Lu F, Liu Y. Bacisubin, an antifungal protein with ribonuclease and hemagglutinating activities from Bacillus subtilis strain B-916. Peptides 2007; 28:553-9. [PMID: 17129637 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Revised: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An antifungal protein, with a molecular mass of 41.9 kDa, and designated as bacisubin, was isolated from a culture of Bacillus subtilis strain B-916. The isolation procedure consisted of ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow, and fast protein liquid chromatography on Phenyl Sepharose 6 Fast Flow and hydroxyapatite columns. The protein was adsorbed on all three chromatographic media. Bacisubin exhibited inhibitory activity on mycelial growth in Magnaporthe grisease, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria oleracea, A. brassicae and Botrytis cinerea. The IC50 values of its antifungal activity toward the last four fungal species were 4.01 microM, 0.087 microM, 0.055 microM and 2.74 microM, respectively. Bacisubin demonstrated neither protease activity, nor protease inhibitory activity. However, it manifested ribonuclease and hemagglutinating activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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