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Morton DAV, Barling D. Developing Dry Powder Inhaler Formulations. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2024; 37:90-99. [PMID: 38640447 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2024.29109.davm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This section aims to provide a concise and contemporary technical perspective and reference resource covering dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations. While DPI products are currently the leading inhaled products in terms of sales value, a number of confounding perspectives are presented to illustrate why they are considered surprisingly, and often frustratingly, poorly understood on a fundamental scientific level, and most challenging to design from first principles. At the core of this issue is the immense complexity of fine cohesive powder systems. This review emphasizes that the difficulty of successful DPI product development should not be underestimated and is best achieved with a well-coordinated team who respect the challenges and who work in parallel on device and formulation and with an appreciation of the handling environment faced by the patient. The general different DPI formulation types, which have evolved to address the challenges of aerosolizing fine cohesive drug-containing particles to create consistent and effective DPI products, are described. This section reviews the range of particle engineering processes that may produce micron-sized drug-containing particles and their subsequent assembly as either carrier-based or carrier-free compositions. The creation of such formulations is then discussed in the context of the material, bulk, interfacial and ultimately drug-delivery properties that are considered to affect formulation performance. A brief conclusion then considers the future DPI product choices, notably the issue of technology versus affordability in the evolving inhaler market.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A V Morton
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - David Barling
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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2
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Damyanova T, Dimitrova PD, Borisova D, Topouzova-Hristova T, Haladjova E, Paunova-Krasteva T. An Overview of Biofilm-Associated Infections and the Role of Phytochemicals and Nanomaterials in Their Control and Prevention. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:162. [PMID: 38399223 PMCID: PMC10892570 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is considered one of the primary virulence mechanisms in Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic species, particularly those responsible for chronic infections and promoting bacterial survival within the host. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in discovering new compounds capable of inhibiting biofilm formation. This is considered a promising antivirulence strategy that could potentially overcome antibiotic resistance issues. Effective antibiofilm agents should possess distinctive properties. They should be structurally unique, enable easy entry into cells, influence quorum sensing signaling, and synergize with other antibacterial agents. Many of these properties are found in both natural systems that are isolated from plants and in synthetic systems like nanoparticles and nanocomposites. In this review, we discuss the clinical nature of biofilm-associated infections and some of the mechanisms associated with their antibiotic tolerance. We focus on the advantages and efficacy of various natural and synthetic compounds as a new therapeutic approach to control bacterial biofilms and address multidrug resistance in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetozara Damyanova
- Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev St. bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.D.); (P.D.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Petya D. Dimitrova
- Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev St. bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.D.); (P.D.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Dayana Borisova
- Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev St. bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.D.); (P.D.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Tanya Topouzova-Hristova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. K. Ohridski”, 8 D. Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emi Haladjova
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev St. bl. 103-A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Tsvetelina Paunova-Krasteva
- Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev St. bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.D.); (P.D.D.); (D.B.)
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Kadeřábková N, Furniss RCD, Maslova E, Eisaiankhongi L, Bernal P, Filloux A, Landeta C, Gonzalez D, McCarthy RR, Mavridou DA. Antibiotic potentiation and inhibition of cross-resistance in pathogens associated with cystic fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.02.551661. [PMID: 37577508 PMCID: PMC10418187 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.02.551661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Critical Gram-negative pathogens, like Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Burkholderia, have become resistant to most antibiotics. Complex resistance profiles together with synergistic interactions between these organisms increase the likelihood of treatment failure in distinct infection settings, for example in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. Here, we discover that cell envelope protein homeostasis pathways underpin both antibiotic resistance and cross-protection in CF-associated bacteria. We find that inhibition of oxidative protein folding inactivates multiple species-specific resistance proteins. Using this strategy, we sensitize multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa to β-lactam antibiotics and demonstrate promise of new treatment avenues for the recalcitrant pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The same approach also inhibits cross-protection between resistant S. maltophilia and susceptible P. aeruginosa, allowing eradication of both commonly co-occurring CF-associated organisms. Our results provide the basis for the development of next-generation strategies that target antibiotic resistance, while also impairing specific interbacterial interactions that enhance the severity of polymicrobial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Kadeřábková
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas, USA
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - R. Christopher D. Furniss
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Evgenia Maslova
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Lara Eisaiankhongi
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Patricia Bernal
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41012, Spain
| | - Alain Filloux
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Cristina Landeta
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, USA
| | - Diego Gonzalez
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Institut de Biologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Ronan R. McCarthy
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Despoina A.I. Mavridou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas, USA
- John Ring LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas, USA
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Matuszak M, Ochowiak M, Włodarczak S, Krupińska A, Doligalski M. State-of-the-Art Review of The Application and Development of Various Methods of Aerosol Therapy. Int J Pharm 2021; 614:121432. [PMID: 34971755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aerosol therapy is a rapidly developing field of science. Due to a number of advantages, the administration of drugs to the body with the use of aerosol therapy is becoming more and more popular. Spraying drugs into the patient's lungs has a significant advantage over other methods of administering drugs to the body, including injection and oral methods. In order to conduct proper and effective aerosol therapy, it is necessary to become familiar with the basic principles and applications of aerosol therapy under various conditions. The effectiveness of inhalation depends on many factors, but most of all on: the physicochemical properties of the sprayed system, the design of the medical inhaler and its correct application, the dynamics of inhalation (i.e. the frequency of breathing and the volume of inhaled air). It is worth emphasizing that respiratory system diseases are one of the most frequently occurring and fastest growing diseases in the world. Accordingly, in recent years, a significant increase in the number of new spraying devices and pharmaceutical drugs for spraying has appeared on the market. It should also be remembered that the process of spraying a liquid is a complicated and complex process, and its efficiency is very often characterized by the use of micro- and macro parameters (including average droplet diameters or the spectrum of droplet diameter distribution). In order to determine the effectiveness of the atomization process and in the delivery of drugs to the patient's respiratory tract, the analysis of the size of the generated aerosol droplets is most often performed. Based on the proposed literature review, it has been shown that many papers dealt with the issues related to aerosol therapy, the selection of an appropriate spraying device, the possibility of modifying the spraying devices in order to increase the effectiveness of inhalation, and the possibility of occurrence of certain discrepancies resulting from the use of various measurement methods to determine the characteristics of the generated aerosol. The literature review presented in the paper was prepared in order to better understand the spraying process. Moreover, it can be helpful in choosing the right medical inhaler for a given liquid with specific rheological properties. The experimental data contained in this study are of great cognitive importance and may be of interest to entities involved in pharmaceutical product engineering (in particular in the case of the production of drugs containing liquids with complex rheological properties).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matuszak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, 4 Berdychowo Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - M Ochowiak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, 4 Berdychowo Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - S Włodarczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, 4 Berdychowo Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - A Krupińska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, 4 Berdychowo Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - M Doligalski
- Faculty of Computer, Electrical and Control Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, 4a Szafrana Street, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
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Axelrad I, Safrin M, Cahan R, Suh SJ, Ohman DE, Kessler E. Extracellular proteolytic activation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa aminopeptidase (PaAP) and insight into the role of its non-catalytic N-terminal domain. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252970. [PMID: 34133429 PMCID: PMC8208579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes several endopeptidases, including elastase, alkaline proteinase (Apr), a lysine-specific endopeptidase (LysC), and an aminopeptidase (PaAP), all of which are important virulence factors. Activation of the endopeptidases requires removal of an inhibitory N-terminal propeptide. Activation of pro-PaAP, in contrast, requires C-terminal processing. The activating proteases of pro-PaAP and their cleavage site(s) have not yet been defined. Studying pro-PaAP processing in a wild type P. aeruginosa strain and strains lacking either elastase or both elastase and Apr, we detected three processing variants, each ~56 kDa in size (AP56). Activity assays and N- and C-terminal sequence analyses of these variants pointed at LysC as the principal activating protease, cleaving a Lys512-Ala513 peptide bond at the C-terminal end of pro-PaAP. Elastase and/or Apr are required for activation of LysC, suggesting both are indirectly involved in activation of PaAP. To shed light on the function(s) of the N-terminal domain of AP56, we purified recombinant AP56 and generated from it the 28 kDa catalytic domain (AP28). The kinetic constants (Km and Kcat) for hydrolysis of Leu-, Lys-, Arg- and Met-p-nitroanilide (pNA) derivatives by AP56 and AP28 were then determined. The catalytic coefficients (Kcat/Km) for hydrolysis of all four substrates by AP28 and AP56 were comparable, indicating that the non-catalytic domain is not involved in hydrolysis of small substrates. It may, however, regulate hydrolysis of natural peptides/proteins. Lys-pNA was hydrolyzed 2 to 3-fold more rapidly than Leu-pNA and ~8-fold faster than Arg- or Met-pNA, indicating that Lys-pNA was the preferred substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itschak Axelrad
- Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Mary Safrin
- Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rivka Cahan
- Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sang-Jin Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dennis E. Ohman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Efrat Kessler
- Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Nosran A, Kaur P, Randhawa V, Chhibber S, Singh V, Harjai K. Design, synthesis, molecular docking, anti-quorum sensing, and anti-biofilm activity of pyochelin-zingerone conjugate. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:605-615. [PMID: 33398901 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we report the chemical synthesis of pyochelin-zingerone conjugate via a hydrolysable ester linkage for drug delivery as a "Trojan Horse Strategy." It is a new therapeutic approach to combat microbial infection and to address the issue of multi drug resistance in Gram-negative, nosocomial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pyochelin (Pch) is a catecholate type of phenolate siderophore produced and utilized by the pathogen P. aeruginosa to assimilate iron when colonizing the vertebrate host. Zingerone, is active component present in ginger, a dietary herb known for its anti-virulent approach against P. aeruginosa. In the present study, zingerone was exploited to act as a good substitute for existing antibiotics, known to have developed resistance by most pathogens. Encouraging results were obtained by docking analysis of pyochelin-zingerone conjugate with FptA, the outer membrane receptor of pyochelin. Conjugate also showed anti-quorum sensing activity and also inhibited swimming, swarming, and twitching motilities as well as biofilm formation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Nosran
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parleen Kaur
- Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinay Randhawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Chhibber
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vasundhara Singh
- Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Dry powder aerosol containing muco-inert particles for excipient enhanced growth pulmonary drug delivery. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 29:102262. [PMID: 32623017 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tenacious sputum poses a critical diffusion barrier for aerosol antibiotics used to treat cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infection. We conducted a proof-of-concept study using dense poly(ethylene glycol) coated polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-PEG NPs) as model muco-inert particles (MIPs) formulated as a powder using an excipient enhanced growth (EEG) strategy, aiming to minimize extrathoracic airway loss, maximize deposition in the airway and further overcome the sputum barrier in the CF lungs. The EEG aerosol formulation containing PS-PEG MIPs was prepared by spray drying and produced discrete spherical particles with geometric diameter of approximately 2 μm; and >80% of the powder dose was delivered from a new small-animal dry powder inhaler (DPI). The MIPs released from the EEG aerosol had human airway mucus and CF sputum diffusion properties comparable to the suspension formulation. These properties make this formulation a promising pulmonary drug delivery system for CF lung infections.
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Reiter J, Borlinghaus J, Dörner P, Schröder W, Gruhlke MC, Klaas M, Slusarenko AJ. Investigation of the deposition behaviour and antibacterial effectivity of allicin aerosols and vapour using a lung model. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:1541-1549. [PMID: 32010336 PMCID: PMC6966168 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allicin is a natural antibiotic produced by garlic as a defence against pathogens and pests. Due to the worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance, new antibiotics are desperately required. Allicin is such a candidate and is active against several multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of human pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). When administered orally, allicin is titrated out by glutathione in the cells and blood, and effective therapeutic concentrations are difficult to achieve at the site of an infection. However, in the case of lung infections, allicin can be delivered directly to pathogens via the pulmonary route. In this study, we designed and constructed an in vitro lung test rig, which allowed us to model accurately the exposure of lung air-passage surfaces to allicin and gentamicin, in order to examine the feasibility of combating lung infections by direct inhalation. A prototype test rig of lung bronchi with three bifurcations was constructed, which could be coated internally with a thin layer of bacteria-seeded agar medium. The deposition of antimicrobial aerosols on the modelled bronchial surfaces was followed in preliminary tests without the need for animal experiments. The differential sensitivity of the test bacteria to different antibiotics and the dose-dependency of inhibition was shown using the model. Furthermore, a synergistic effect of allicin vapour and ethanol in inhibiting bacterial growth was demonstrated. The modelling of the axial velocity air-flow distribution correlated with the regions indicating the inhibition of bacterial growth, demonstrating that the model has predictive value and can reduce the requirement for animal sacrifice in pre-clinical trials of novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Reiter
- Department of Plant Physiology (Bio3), RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Borlinghaus
- Department of Plant Physiology (Bio3), RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dörner
- Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schröder
- Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin C.H. Gruhlke
- Department of Plant Physiology (Bio3), RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Klaas
- Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alan J. Slusarenko
- Department of Plant Physiology (Bio3), RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Bouchara JP, Le Govic Y, Kabbara S, Cimon B, Zouhair R, Hamze M, Papon N, Nevez G. Advances in understanding and managing Scedosporium respiratory infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 14:259-273. [PMID: 31868041 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1705787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Considered for a long time to be exclusively responsible for chronic localized infections, fungi of the genus Scedosporium have recently received a renewed interest because of their recognition as common colonizing agents of the respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis, and of the description of severe disseminated infections in patients undergoing lung transplantation. Recently, several studies have been carried out on these opportunistic pathogens, which led to some advances in the understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms and in the biological diagnosis of the airway colonization/respiratory infections caused by these fungi.Areas covered: From a bibliographic search on the Pubmed database, we summarize the current knowledge about the taxonomy of Scedosporium species, the epidemiology of these fungi and their pathogenic mechanisms, and present the improvements in the detection of the airway colonization and diagnosis of Scedosporium respiratory infections, the difficulties in their therapeutic management, and the antifungal drugs in development.Expert opinion: As described in this review, many advances have been made regarding the taxonomy and ecology of Scedosporium species or the molecular determinants of their pathogenicity, but also in the management of Scedosporium infections, particularly by improving the biological diagnostic and publishing evidence for the efficacy of combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, SFR 4208 ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Yohann Le Govic
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, SFR 4208 ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Samar Kabbara
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, SFR 4208 ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Bernard Cimon
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, SFR 4208 ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Rachid Zouhair
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, SFR 4208 ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, SFR 4208 ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Nevez
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Brest, France
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Dizdarević A, Efiana NA, Phan TNQ, Matuszczak B, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Imine bond formation: A novel concept to incorporate peptide drugs in self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:92-100. [PMID: 31176724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Because of its hydrophilic character the peptide drug Polymyxin B (PMB) cannot be incorporated in lipophilic nanocarrier systems such as self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) for oral administration. Due to the formation of imine conjugates between the primary amino groups of PMB and the carbonyl group of cinnamaldehyde, however, drug lipophilicity might be sufficiently raised for incorporation in SEDDS. METHODS Imine bonds were formed between the primary amino groups of PMB and the carbonyl group of cinnamaldehyde. PMB-cinnamaldehyde conjugate was characterized regarding degree of substitution, log P and release of PMB due to interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA), SEDDS loading and cell viability. RESULTS 87.1% of primary amines formed imines with cinnamaldehyde. Log P was increased 69.183 - folds. BSA triggered release of PMB was 45.2%, 64.9% and 80.6% within 16 h. Log DSEDDS/Release medium of PMB-cinnamaldehyde conjugate was 3.4. CONCLUSION According to these findings, the concept of imine bond formation with cinnamaldehyde can be considered as a novel concept for increasing lipophilicity of the hydrophilic antibiotic peptide PMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Dizdarević
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nuri Ari Efiana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Jl. Prof. Dr. Soepomo, S.H., Janturan, Warungboto, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
| | - Thi Nhu Quynh Phan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen Street, Vinh Ninh Ward, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue Province 530000, Viet Nam
| | - Barbara Matuszczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Leong LEX, Lagana D, Carter GP, Wang Q, Smith K, Stinear TP, Shaw D, Sintchenko V, Wesselingh SL, Bastian I, Rogers GB. Burkholderia lata Infections from Intrinsically Contaminated Chlorhexidine Mouthwash, Australia, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:2109-2111. [PMID: 30334703 PMCID: PMC6199994 DOI: 10.3201/eid2411.171929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia lata was isolated from 8 intensive care patients at 2 tertiary hospitals in Australia. Whole-genome sequencing demonstrated that clinical and environmental isolates originated from a batch of contaminated commercial chlorhexidine mouthwash. Genomic analysis identified efflux pump-encoding genes as potential facilitators of bacterial persistence within this biocide.
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Schwarz C, Vandeputte P, Rougeron A, Giraud S, Dugé de Bernonville T, Duvaux L, Gastebois A, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Martín-Gomez MT, Mazuelos EM, Sole A, Cano J, Pemán J, Quindos G, Botterel F, Bougnoux ME, Chen S, Delhaès L, Favennec L, Ranque S, Sedlacek L, Steinmann J, Vazquez J, Williams C, Meyer W, Le Gal S, Nevez G, Fleury M, Papon N, Symoens F, Bouchara JP. Developing collaborative works for faster progress on fungal respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis. Med Mycol 2018. [PMID: 29538733 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the major genetic inherited disease in Caucasian populations. The respiratory tract of CF patients displays a sticky viscous mucus, which allows for the entrapment of airborne bacteria and fungal spores and provides a suitable environment for growth of microorganisms, including numerous yeast and filamentous fungal species. As a consequence, respiratory infections are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in this clinical context. Although bacteria remain the most common agents of these infections, fungal respiratory infections have emerged as an important cause of disease. Therefore, the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) has launched a working group on Fungal respiratory infections in Cystic Fibrosis (Fri-CF) in October 2006, which was subsequently approved by the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM). Meetings of this working group, comprising both clinicians and mycologists involved in the follow-up of CF patients, as well as basic scientists interested in the fungal species involved, provided the opportunity to initiate collaborative works aimed to improve our knowledge on these infections to assist clinicians in patient management. The current review highlights the outcomes of some of these collaborative works in clinical surveillance, pathogenesis and treatment, giving special emphasis to standardization of culture procedures, improvement of species identification methods including the development of nonculture-based diagnostic methods, microbiome studies and identification of new biological markers, and the description of genotyping studies aiming to differentiate transient carriage and chronic colonization of the airways. The review also reports on the breakthrough in sequencing the genomes of the main Scedosporium species as basis for a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of these fungi, and discusses treatment options of infections caused by multidrug resistant microorganisms, such as Scedosporium and Lomentospora species and members of the Rasamsonia argillacea species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schwarz
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis Center Berlin/Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Vandeputte
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Study Group (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU, Angers, France
| | - Amandine Rougeron
- Université de Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France; Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Giraud
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Study Group (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France
| | - Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (EA 2106), Département de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François Rabelais, Tours
| | - Ludovic Duvaux
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Study Group (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France.,Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), UMR INRA 1345, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Amandine Gastebois
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Study Group (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France
| | - Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Martín-Gomez
- Respiratory Bacteriology Unit & Clinical Mycology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Vall D'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Amparo Sole
- Unidad de Trasplante Pulmonar y Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Universitari la Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep Cano
- Mycology Unit, Medical School/Oenology School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Javier Pemán
- Unidad de Micología, Servicio de Microbiología, Universitari la Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quindos
- Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Françoise Botterel
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | | | - Sharon Chen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR - Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laurence Delhaès
- Center for Cardiothoracic Research of Bordeaux, Inserm U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Loïc Favennec
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, EA 3800, CHU Charles Nicolle and Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, AP-HM Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Ludwig Sedlacek
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joerg Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jose Vazquez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Craig Williams
- University of the West of Scotland, Institute of Healthcare Associated Infection, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, United Kingdom
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Medical School, Westmead Clinical School, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Solène Le Gal
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Study Group (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Brest, France.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU, Brest, France
| | - Gilles Nevez
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Study Group (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Brest, France.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU, Brest, France
| | - Maxime Fleury
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Study Group (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Study Group (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France
| | - Françoise Symoens
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Study Group (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Study Group (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU, Angers, France
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13
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Meropenem Combined with Ciprofloxacin Combats Hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Respiratory Infections of Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01150-18. [PMID: 30104278 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01150-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms are prevalent in chronic respiratory infections and have been associated with reduced lung function in cystic fibrosis (CF); these isolates can become resistant to all antibiotics in monotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the time course of bacterial killing and resistance of meropenem and ciprofloxacin in combination against hypermutable and nonhypermutable P. aeruginosa Static concentration time-kill experiments over 72 h assessed meropenem and ciprofloxacin in mono- and combination therapies against PAO1 (nonhypermutable), PAOΔmutS (hypermutable), and hypermutable isolates CW8, CW35, and CW44 obtained from CF patients with chronic respiratory infections. Meropenem (1 or 2 g every 8 h [q8h] as 3-h infusions and 3 g/day as a continuous infusion) and ciprofloxacin (400 mg q8h as 1-h infusions) in monotherapies and combinations were further evaluated in an 8-day hollow-fiber infection model study (HFIM) against CW44. Concentration-time profiles in lung epithelial lining fluid reflecting the pharmacokinetics in CF patients were simulated and counts of total and resistant bacteria determined. All data were analyzed by mechanism-based modeling (MBM). In the HFIM, all monotherapies resulted in rapid regrowth with resistance at 48 h. The maximum daily doses of 6 g meropenem (T>MIC of 80% to 88%) and 1.2 g ciprofloxacin (area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h in the steady state divided by the MIC [AUC/MIC], 176), both given intermittently, in monotherapy failed to suppress regrowth and resulted in substantial emergence of resistance (≥7.6 log10 CFU/ml resistant populations). The combination of these regimens achieved synergistic killing and suppressed resistance. MBM with subpopulation and mechanistic synergy yielded unbiased and precise curve fits. Thus, the combination of 6 g/day meropenem plus ciprofloxacin holds promise for future clinical evaluation against infections by susceptible hypermutable P. aeruginosa.
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14
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Saeed A, Bosch A, Bettiol M, Nossa González DL, Erben MF, Lamberti Y. Novel Guanidine Compound against Multidrug-Resistant Cystic Fibrosis-Associated Bacterial Species. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051158. [PMID: 29751676 PMCID: PMC6100397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary infection is a hallmark of lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Infections dominated by non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli are particularly difficult to treat and highlight an urgent need for the development of new class of agents to combat these infections. In this work, a small library comprising thiourea and guanidine derivatives with low molecular weight was designed; these derivatives were studied as antimicrobial agents against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and a panel of drug-resistant clinical isolates recovered from patients with CF. One novel compound, a guanidine derivative bearing adamantane-1-carbonyl and 2-bromo-4,6-difluouro-phenyl substituents (H-BDF), showed potent bactericidal activity against the strains tested, at levels generally higher than those exhibited by tobramycin, ceftazimide and meropenem. The role that different substituents exert in the antimicrobial activity has been determined, highlighting the importance of the halo-phenyl group in the guanidine moiety. The new compound displays low levels of cytotoxicity against THP-1 and A549 cells with a selective index (SI) > 8 (patent application PCT/IB2017/054870, August 2017). Taken together, our results indicate that H-BDF can be considered as a promising antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Alejandra Bosch
- CINDEFI (UNLP, CONICET-CCT La Plata), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Marisa Bettiol
- Sala de Microbiología, Hospital de Niños Sor María Ludovica, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Diana L Nossa González
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CONICET-CCT La Plata), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Mauricio Federico Erben
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CONICET-CCT La Plata), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Yanina Lamberti
- CINDEFI (UNLP, CONICET-CCT La Plata), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
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15
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Furlan JPR, Sanchez DG, Fachin AL, Stehling EG. Presence of β-Lactamase Encoding Genes inBurkholderia cepaciaComplex Isolated from Soil. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:347-352. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Rueda Furlan
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Danilo Garcia Sanchez
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Fachin
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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16
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Belmadi N, Wu Y, Touqui L. Immuno-modulatory functions of the type-3 secretion system and impacts on the pulmonary host defense: A role for ExoS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis. Toxicon 2018; 143:68-73. [PMID: 29339019 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Number of previous reviews had described the structures and the various functions of the exotoxins produced by the type-3 secretion system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their roles in the interactions of this bacterium with host cells. In this review, we summarize some relevant data of literature on ExoS, an exotoxin from the type-3 secretion system of P. aeruginosa, with a particular focus on the role of this toxin in the airways innate response of the host to infection by this bacterium, and its implication in the elimination of Staphylococcus aureus from the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Belmadi
- Mucoviscidose et Bronchopathies Chroniques, Unité Mixte Institut Pasteur/Paris V, Faculté de Médecine Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Yongzheng Wu
- Unité de Biologie cellulaire de l'infection microbienne, CNRS, UMR 3691, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- Mucoviscidose et Bronchopathies Chroniques, Unité Mixte Institut Pasteur/Paris V, Faculté de Médecine Cochin, Paris, France.
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17
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Sharma U, Vipra A, Channabasappa S. Phage-derived lysins as potential agents for eradicating biofilms and persisters. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:848-856. [PMID: 29326076 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are highly resistant to the action of antibiotics. Presence of persisters, phenotypically resistant populations of bacterial cells, is thought to contribute toward recalcitrance of biofilms. The phage-derived lysins, by virtue of their ability to cleave the peptidoglycan of bacterial cells in an enzymatic manner, have the unique ability to kill dormant cells. Several lysins have shown potent antibiofilm activity in vitro. The fact that lysins have shown better efficacy than conventional drugs in animal models of endocarditis and other infections involving biofilms suggests that the lysins can potentially be developed against difficult-to-treat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umender Sharma
- GangaGen Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd., No 12, 5th cross, Raghavendra Layout, Tumkur Road, Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, 560022, India.
| | - Aradhana Vipra
- GangaGen Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd., No 12, 5th cross, Raghavendra Layout, Tumkur Road, Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, 560022, India
| | - Shankaramurthy Channabasappa
- GangaGen Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd., No 12, 5th cross, Raghavendra Layout, Tumkur Road, Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, 560022, India
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18
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Diallylthiosulfinate (Allicin), a Volatile Antimicrobial from Garlic (Allium sativum), Kills Human Lung Pathogenic Bacteria, Including MDR Strains, as a Vapor. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101711. [PMID: 29023413 PMCID: PMC6151386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) has potent antimicrobial activity due to allicin (diallylthiosulfinate) synthesized by enzyme catalysis in damaged garlic tissues. Allicin gives crushed garlic its characteristic odor and its volatility makes it potentially useful for combating lung infections. Allicin was synthesized (>98% pure) by oxidation of diallyl disulfide by H₂O₂ using formic acid as a catalyst and the growth inhibitory effect of allicin vapor and allicin in solution to clinical isolates of lung pathogenic bacteria from the genera Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus, including multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains, was demonstrated. Minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined and compared to clinical antibiotics using standard European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) procedures. The cytotoxicity of allicin to human lung and colon epithelial and murine fibroblast cells was tested in vitro and shown to be ameliorated by glutathione (GSH). Similarly, the sensitivity of rat precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) to allicin was decreased by raising the [GSH] to the approximate blood plasma level of 1 mM. Because allicin inhibited bacterial growth as a vapor, it could be used to combat bacterial lung infections via direct inhalation. Since there are no volatile antibiotics available to treat pulmonary infections, allicin, particularly at sublethal doses in combination with oral antibiotics, could make a valuable addition to currently available treatments.
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19
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Dry powder inhaler for pulmonary drug delivery: human respiratory system, approved products and therapeutic equivalence guideline. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Modulation of the Substitution Pattern of 5-Aryl-2-Aminoimidazoles Allows Fine-Tuning of Their Antibiofilm Activity Spectrum and Toxicity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:6483-6497. [PMID: 27550355 PMCID: PMC5075052 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00035-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously synthesized several series of compounds, based on the 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazole scaffold, that showed activity preventing the formation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Here, we further studied the activity spectrum of a number of the most active N1- and 2N-substituted 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazoles against a broad panel of biofilms formed by monospecies and mixed species of bacteria and fungi. An N1-substituted compound showed very strong activity against the biofilms formed by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and the fungus Candida albicans but was previously shown to be toxic against various eukaryotic cell lines. In contrast, 2N-substituted compounds were nontoxic and active against biofilms formed by Gram-negative bacteria and C. albicans but had reduced activity against biofilms formed by Gram-positive bacteria. In an attempt to develop nontoxic compounds with potent activity against biofilms formed by Gram-positive bacteria for application in antibiofilm coatings for medical implants, we synthesized novel compounds with substituents at both the N1 and 2N positions and tested these compounds for antibiofilm activity and toxicity. Interestingly, most of these N1-,2N-disubstituted 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazoles showed very strong activity against biofilms formed by Gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans in various setups with biofilms formed by monospecies and mixed species but lost activity against biofilms formed by Gram-negative bacteria. In light of application of these compounds as anti-infective coatings on orthopedic implants, toxicity against two bone cell lines and the functionality of these cells were tested. The N1-,2N-disubstituted 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazoles in general did not affect the viability of bone cells and even induced calcium deposition. This indicates that modulating the substitution pattern on positions N1 and 2N of the 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazole scaffold allows fine-tuning of both the antibiofilm activity spectrum and toxicity.
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21
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Goshu GM, Ghose D, Bain JM, Pierce PG, Begley DW, Hewitt SN, Udell HS, Myler PJ, Meganathan R, Hagen TJ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolopyrimidines as potential antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 25:5699-704. [PMID: 26584881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The fragment FOL7185 (compound 17) was found to be a hit against IspD and IspE enzymes isolated from bacteria, and a series of analogs containing the pyrazolopyrimidine core were synthesized. The majority of these compounds inhibited the growth of Burkholderia thailandensis (Bt) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) in the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test. Compound 29 shows inhibitory activity at 0.1 mM (32.2 lg/mL), which is comparable to the control compound kanamycin (48.5 lg/mL). Compound 29 also shows inhibitory activity at 0.5 mM against kanamycin resistant P. aeruginosa. Saturation transfer difference NMR (STD-NMR) screening of these compounds against BtIspD and BtIspE indicated that most of these compounds significantly interact with BtIspE, suggesting that the compounds may inhibit the growth of Bt by disrupting isoprenoid biosynthesis. Ligand epitope mapping of compound 29 with BtIspE indicated that hydrogens on 2,4-dichlorophenyl group have higher proximity to the surface of the enzyme than hydrogens on the pyrazolopyrimidine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw M Goshu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 300 Normal Road, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
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22
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Deschamps JD, Ogunsola AF, Jameson JB, Yasgar A, Flitter BA, Freedman CJ, Melvin JA, Nguyen JVMH, Maloney DJ, Jadhav A, Simeonov A, Bomberger JM, Holman TR. Biochemical and Cellular Characterization and Inhibitor Discovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15-Lipoxygenase. Biochemistry 2016; 55:3329-40. [PMID: 27226387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause nosocomial and chronic infections in immunocompromised patients. P. aeruginosa secretes a lipoxygenase, LoxA, but the biological role of this enzyme is currently unknown. LoxA is poorly similar in sequence to both soybean LOX-1 (s15-LOX-1) and human 15-LOX-1 (37 and 39%, respectively) yet has kinetics comparably fast versus those of s15-LOX-1 (at pH 6.5, Kcat = 181 ± 6 s(-1) and Kcat/KM = 16 ± 2 μM(-1) s(-1)). LoxA is capable of efficiently catalyzing the peroxidation of a broad range of free fatty acid (FA) substrates (e.g., AA and LA) with high positional specificity, indicating a 15-LOX. Its mechanism includes hydrogen atom abstraction [a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of >30], yet LoxA is a poor catalyst against phosphoester FAs, suggesting that LoxA is not involved in membrane decomposition. LoxA also does not react with 5- or 15-HETEs, indicating poor involvement in lipoxin production. A LOX high-throughput screen of the LOPAC library yielded a variety of low-micromolar inhibitors; however, none selectively targeted LoxA over the human LOX isozymes. With respect to cellular activity, the level of LoxA expression is increased when P. aeruginosa undergoes the transition to a biofilm mode of growth, but LoxA is not required for biofilm growth on abiotic surfaces. However, LoxA does appear to be required for biofilm growth in association with the host airway epithelium, suggesting a role for LoxA in mediating bacterium-host interactions during colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Deschamps
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Abiola F Ogunsola
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - J Brian Jameson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Adam Yasgar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Becca A Flitter
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Cody J Freedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Melvin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Jason V M H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - David J Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jennifer M Bomberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Liu J, Li Y, Chen Y, Hua X, Wan Y, Wei W, Song H, Yu S, Zhang X, Li Z. Design, Synthesis, Antifungal Activities and SARs of (R)-2-Aryl-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic Acid Derivatives. CHINESE J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201500619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Matray O, Mouhajir A, Giraud S, Godon C, Gargala G, Labbé F, Rougeron A, Ballet JJ, Zouhair R, Bouchara JP, Favennec L. Semi-automated repetitive sequence-based PCR amplification for species of the Scedosporium apiospermum complex. Med Mycol 2015; 54:409-19. [PMID: 26486722 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Scedosporium apiospermum species complex usually ranks second among the filamentous fungi colonizing the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but little is known about the molecular epidemiology of the airway colonization. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of repetitive sequences (rep-PCR) was applied to the retrospective analysis of a panel of isolates already studied by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and comprising 63 isolates recovered from sputa from 9 CF patients. Results were compared to those obtained previously by RAPD, and herein by beta-tubulin (TUB) gene sequencing and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). RESULTS Within the panel of isolates studied,S. apiospermum sensu stricto and Scedosporium boydii, as expected, were the predominant species with 21 and 36 isolates, respectively. Four isolates from one patient were identified as Scedosporium aurantiacum, whereas two isolates belonged to the Pseudallescheria ellipsoidea subgroup of S. boydii rep-PCR analysis of these isolates clearly differentiated the three species and P. ellipsoidea isolates, whatever the rep-PCR kit used, and also permitted strain differentiation. When using the mold primer kit, results from rep-PCR were in close agreement with those obtained by MLST. For both S. apiospermum and S. boydii, 8 genotypes were differentiated by rep-PCR and MLST compared to 10 by RAPD. All S. aurantiacum isolates shared the same RAPD genotype and exhibited the same rep-PCR profile and sequence type. CONCLUSIONS These results illustrate the efficacy of rep-PCR for both species identification within the S. apiospermum complex and genotyping for the two major species of this complex.Abstract presentation: Part of this work was presented during the 18th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, Berlin (Germany), June 2012.S. Giraud, C. Godon, A. Rougeron, J.P. Bouchara and L. Favennec are members of the ECMM/ISHAM working group on Fungal respiratory infections in Cystic Fibrosis(Fri-CF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Matray
- EA 3800, Université de Rouen, 76031 Rouen, France Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Charles-Nicolle, 76031 Rouen, France
| | - Abdelmounaim Mouhajir
- L'UNAM Université, Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, EA 3142, 49933 Angers, France Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Sandrine Giraud
- L'UNAM Université, Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, EA 3142, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Charlotte Godon
- L'UNAM Université, Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, EA 3142, 49933 Angers, France
| | | | - Franck Labbé
- EA 3800, Université de Rouen, 76031 Rouen, France
| | - Amandine Rougeron
- L'UNAM Université, Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, EA 3142, 49933 Angers, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé-PBH, 49933 Angers, France
| | | | - Rachid Zouhair
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- L'UNAM Université, Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, EA 3142, 49933 Angers, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Institut de Biologie en Santé-PBH, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Loïc Favennec
- EA 3800, Université de Rouen, 76031 Rouen, France Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Charles-Nicolle, 76031 Rouen, France
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25
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The search for a common structural moiety among selected pharmacological correctors of the mutant CFTR chloride channel. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:1857-68. [PMID: 25495980 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The F508del mutation impairs the trafficking of CFTR from endoplasmic reticulum to plasma membrane and is responsible of a severe form of cystic fibrosis. Trafficking can be improved by small organic molecules called 'correctors'. MATERIALS & METHODS By different synthetic ways, we prepared 4-chloroanisole and 2-(4-chloroanisol-2-yl)aminothiazole derivatives. Such compounds were ineffective as correctors but we could find a sign of activity in an intermediate. In the meantime, we found a common pharmacophoric moiety present in four known correctors. RESULTS Following this structural indication, we synthesized a small set of new molecules endowed with a significant, even if not great, F508del-CFTR rescue activity. CONCLUSION The cited structural feature seems interesting in the search of new correctors. To corroborate this observation, later on we found a new pyrazine derivative (Novartis) endowed with a potent activity as corrector and having the cited common design.
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Elkhatib W, Noreddin A. Efficacy of ciprofloxacin-clarithromycin combination against drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa mature biofilm using in vitro experimental model. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 20:575-82. [PMID: 25050970 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main cause of mortality in cystic fibrosis patients and eradication of its biofilm represents a substantial problem clinically. In this study, biofilm of a cystic fibrosis strain P. aeruginosa PACI22 was established and confocal laser scanning microscopy was utilized for biofilm visualization. A quantitative time-kill biofilm model was implemented in vitro to assess the biocidal effect of ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and their combination at concentration levels ranged from 0.5× to 64× minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBIC) against the biofilm and the mean log bacterial densities (Log CFU/ml) retrieved from the biofilm were monitored by frequent sampling at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hr throughout the experiment. The results revealed that none of the tested antibiotics alone could completely eradicate the biofilm-ensconced bacteria at 0.5-64× MBIC values after 24 hr of treatment. Conversely, ciprofloxacin-clarithromycin combination at 32-64× MBIC entirely exterminated the biofilm. Furthermore, a substantial in vitro synergism between ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin against the biofilm was experimentally verified. This promising synergism affords scientific rationale for further in vivo investigations to evaluate the therapeutic potential of this combination for treatment of chronic pulmonary infections caused by P. aeruginosa biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Elkhatib
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University , Cairo, Egypt
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27
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Shommu NS, Vogel HJ, Storey DG. Potential of metabolomics to reveal Burkholderia cepacia complex pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance. Front Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26217312 PMCID: PMC4499752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a collection of closely related, genetically distinct, ecologically diverse species known to cause life-threatening infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. By virtue of a flexible genomic structure and diverse metabolic activity, Bcc bacteria employ a wide array of virulence factors for pathogenesis in CF patients and have developed resistance to most of the commonly used antibiotics. However, the mechanism of pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance is still not fully understood. This mini review discusses the established and potential virulence determinants of Bcc and some of the contemporary strategies including transcriptomics and proteomics used to identify these traits. We also propose the application of metabolic profiling, a cost-effective modern-day approach to achieve new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat S Shommu
- Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hans J Vogel
- Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Douglas G Storey
- Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB, Canada
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28
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Sodium houttuyfonate inhibits biofilm formation and alginate biosynthesis-associated gene expression in a clinical strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:753-758. [PMID: 26622388 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing multidrug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a serious public-health problem. In the present study, the inhibitory activities of sodium houttuyfonate (SH) against biofilm formation and alginate production in a clinical strain of P.aeruginosa (AH16) were investigated in vitro using crystal violet dying and standard curve methods, respectively. The cellular morphology of P. aeruginosa treated with SH was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to identify differences in the expression levels of genes associated with alginate biosynthesis as a result of the SH treatment. The results indicated that SH significantly inhibited biofilm formation, and decreased the levels of the primary biofilm constituent, alginate, in P. aeruginosa AH16 at various stages of biofilm development. In addition, scanning electron microscopy observations demonstrated that SH markedly altered the cellular morphology and biofilm structure of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the results from the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that SH inhibited biofilm formation by mitigating the expression of the algD and algR genes, which are associated with alginate biosynthesis. Therefore, the present study has provided novel insights into the potent effects and underlying mechanisms of SH-induced inhibition of biofilm formation in a clinical strain of P. aeruginosa.
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29
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Karanth SS, Regunath H, Chawla K, Prabhu M. A rare case of community acquired Burkholderia cepacia infection presenting as pyopneumothorax in an immunocompetent individual. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:166-8. [PMID: 23569891 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia (B. cepacia) infection is rarely reported in an immunocompetent host. It is a well known occurence in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease where it increases both morbidity and mortality. It has also been included in the list of organisms causing nosocomial infections in an immunocompetent host, most of them transmitted from the immunocompromised patient in which this organism harbors. We report a rare case of isolation of B. cepacia from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of an immunocompetent agriculturist who presented with productive cough and fever associated with a pyopneumothorax. This is the first case of community acquired infection reported in an immunocompetent person in India.
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30
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Du J, Bandara HMHN, Du P, Huang H, Hoang K, Nguyen D, Mogarala SV, Smyth HDC. Improved Biofilm Antimicrobial Activity of Polyethylene Glycol Conjugated Tobramycin Compared to Tobramycin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1544-53. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500846u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Du
- Division
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - H. M. H. N. Bandara
- Division
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ping Du
- Division
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hui Huang
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Khang Hoang
- College
of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Dang Nguyen
- Division
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sri Vasudha Mogarala
- Division
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hugh D. C. Smyth
- Division
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Center
for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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31
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Gautam V, Shafiq N, Singh M, Ray P, Singhal L, Jaiswal NP, Prasad A, Singh S, Agarwal A. Clinical and in vitro evidence for the antimicrobial therapy in Burkholderia cepacia complex infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:629-63. [PMID: 25772031 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1025056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of infections caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients poses a complex problem. Bcc is multidrug-resistant due to innate and acquired mechanisms of resistance. As CF patients receive multiple courses of antibiotics, susceptibility patterns of strains from CF patients may differ from those noted in strains from non-CF patients. Thus, there was a need for assessing in vitro and clinical data to guide antimicrobial therapy in these patients. A systematic search of literature, followed by extraction and analysis of available information from human and in vitro studies was done. The results of the analysis are used to address various aspects like use of antimicrobials for pulmonary and non-pulmonary infections, use of combination versus monotherapy, early eradication, duration of therapy, route of administration, management of biofilms, development of resistance during therapy, pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics correlations, therapy in post-transplant patients and newer drugs in Bcc-infected CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Gautam
- Deparatment of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160022, India
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32
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa eradicates Staphylococcus aureus by manipulating the host immunity. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5105. [PMID: 25290234 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Young cystic fibrosis (CF) patients' airways are mainly colonized by Staphylococcus aureus, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa predominates in adults. However, the mechanisms behind this infection switch are unclear. Here, we show that levels of type-IIA-secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA, a host enzyme with bactericidal activity) increase in expectorations of CF patients in an age-dependent manner. These levels are sufficient to kill S. aureus, with marginal effects on P. aeruginosa strains. P. aeruginosa laboratory strains and isolates from CF patients induce sPLA2-IIA expression in bronchial epithelial cells from CF patients (these cells are a major source of the enzyme). In an animal model of lung infection, P. aeruginosa induces sPLA2-IIA production that favours S. aureus killing. We suggest that sPLA2-IIA induction by P. aeruginosa contributes to S. aureus eradication in CF airways. Our results indicate that a bacterium can eradicate another bacterium by manipulating the host immunity.
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33
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Andrade A, Valvano MA. A Burkholderia cenocepacia gene encoding a non-functional tyrosine phosphatase is required for the delayed maturation of the bacteria-containing vacuoles in macrophages. Microbiology (Reading) 2014; 160:1332-1345. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.077206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia infects patients with cystic fibrosis. We have previously shown that B. cenocepacia can survive in macrophages within membrane vacuoles [B. cenocepacia-containing vacuoles (BcCVs)] that preclude fusion with the lysosome. The bacterial factors involved in B. cenocepacia intracellular survival are not fully elucidated. We report here that deletion of BCAM0628, encoding a predicted low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) that is restricted to B. cenocepacia strains of the transmissible ET-12 clone, accelerates the maturation of the BcCVs. Compared to the parental strain and deletion mutants in other LMW-PTPs that are widely conserved in Burkholderia species, a greater proportion of BcCVs containing the ΔBCAM0628 mutant were targeted to the lysosome. Accelerated BcCV maturation was not due to reduced intracellular viability since ΔBCAM0628 survived and replicated in macrophages similarly to the parental strain. Therefore, BCAM0628 was referred to as dpm (delayed phagosome maturation). We provide evidence that the Dpm protein is secreted during growth in vitro and upon macrophage infection. Dpm secretion requires an N-terminal signal peptide. Heterologous expression of Dpm in Burkholderia multivorans confers to this bacterium a similar phagosomal maturation delay to that found with B. cenocepacia. We demonstrate that Dpm is an inactive phosphatase, suggesting that its contribution to phagosomal maturation arrest must be unrelated to tyrosine phosphatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Andrade
- Centre for Human Immunology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Miguel A. Valvano
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AE, UK
- Centre for Human Immunology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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Emergence of carbapenem resistance due to the novel insertion sequence ISPa8 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91299. [PMID: 24614163 PMCID: PMC3948848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung infections due to the persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients are typically associated with the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the emergence of carbapenem resistance when a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa collected from a patient with cystic fibrosis was challenged with meropenem. Nine carbapenem-resistant mutants were selected with subinhibitory concentrations of meropenem from a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa and characterized for carbapenem resistance. Increased carbapenem MICs were associated with the identification of the novel insertion sequence ISPa8 within oprD or its promoter region in all the mutants. The position of ISPa8 was different for each of the mutants evaluated. In addition, Southern blot analyses identified multiple copies of ISPa8 within the genomes of the mutants and their parent isolate. These data demonstrate that transposition of IS elements within the Pseudomonas genome can influence antibiotic susceptibility. Understanding the selective pressures associated with the emergence of antibiotic resistance is critical for the judicious use of antimicrobial chemotherapy and the successful treatment of bacterial infections.
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35
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Bertoncello I, McQualter JL. Endogenous lung stem cells: what is their potential for use in regenerative medicine? Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 4:349-62. [DOI: 10.1586/ers.10.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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36
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Noël S, Hoegy F, Rivault F, Rognan D, Schalk IJ, Mislin GLA. Synthesis and biological properties of thiazole-analogues of pyochelin, a siderophore of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:132-5. [PMID: 24332092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyochelin is a siderophore common to all strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilized by this Gram-negative bacterium to acquire iron(III). FptA is the outer membrane transporter responsible of ferric-pyochelin uptake in P. aeruginosa. We describe in this Letter the synthesis and the biological properties ((55)Fe uptake, binding to FptA) of several thiazole analogues of pyochelin. Among them we report in this Letter the two first pyochelin analogues able to bind FptA without promoting any iron uptake in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Noël
- Team 'Transports Membranaires Bactériens', UMR 7242 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, F-67412 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Hoegy
- Team 'Transports Membranaires Bactériens', UMR 7242 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, F-67412 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, France
| | - Freddy Rivault
- Team 'Transports Membranaires Bactériens', UMR 7242 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, F-67412 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, France
| | - Didier Rognan
- Team 'Chémogénomique Structurale' Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique (LIT), UMR 7200 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Isabelle J Schalk
- Team 'Transports Membranaires Bactériens', UMR 7242 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, F-67412 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, France
| | - Gaëtan L A Mislin
- Team 'Transports Membranaires Bactériens', UMR 7242 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, F-67412 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, France.
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37
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Knapp L, Rushton L, Stapleton H, Sass A, Stewart S, Amezquita A, McClure P, Mahenthiralingam E, Maillard JY. The effect of cationic microbicide exposure against Burkholderia cepacia
complex (Bcc); the use of Burkholderia lata
strain 383 as a model bacterium. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:1117-26. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Knapp
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - L. Rushton
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - H. Stapleton
- CB Attribution, Detection Department; Applied Microbiology; Porton Down UK
| | - A. Sass
- Laboratorium voor Farmaceutische Microbiologie, Universiteit Gent; Gent Belgium
| | - S. Stewart
- Unilever SEAC, Colworth Science Park; Bedford UK
| | - A. Amezquita
- Unilever SEAC, Colworth Science Park; Bedford UK
| | - P. McClure
- Unilever SEAC, Colworth Science Park; Bedford UK
| | | | - J.-Y. Maillard
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
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Cell-cell contacts confine public goods diffusion inside Pseudomonas aeruginosa clonal microcolonies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:12577-82. [PMID: 23858453 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1301428110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of cooperation in populations where public goods are equally accessible to all but inflict a fitness cost on individual producers is a long-standing puzzle of evolutionary biology. An example of such a scenario is the secretion of siderophores by bacteria into their environment to fetch soluble iron. In a planktonic culture, these molecules diffuse rapidly, such that the same concentration is experienced by all bacteria. However, on solid substrates, bacteria form dense and packed colonies that may alter the diffusion dynamics through cell-cell contact interactions. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa microcolonies growing on solid substrate, we found that the concentration of pyoverdine, a secreted iron chelator, is heterogeneous, with a maximum at the center of the colony. We quantitatively explain the formation of this gradient by local exchange between contacting cells rather than by global diffusion of pyoverdine. In addition, we show that this local trafficking modulates the growth rate of individual cells. Taken together, these data provide a physical basis that explains the stability of public goods production in packed colonies.
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Bezuidt OK, Klockgether J, Elsen S, Attree I, Davenport CF, Tümmler B. Intraclonal genome diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clones CHA and TB. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:416. [PMID: 23799896 PMCID: PMC3697988 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to different living conditions is accompanied by microevolution resulting in genomic diversity between strains of the same clonal lineage. In order to detect the impact of colonized habitats on P. aeruginosa microevolution we determined the genomic diversity between the highly virulent cystic fibrosis (CF) isolate CHA and two temporally and geographically unrelated clonal variants. The outcome was compared with the intraclonal genome diversity between three more closely related isolates of another clonal complex. Results The three clone CHA isolates differed in their core genome in several dozen strain specific nucleotide exchanges and small deletions from each other. Loss of function mutations and non-conservative amino acid replacements affected several habitat- and lifestyle-associated traits, for example, the key regulator GacS of the switch between acute and chronic disease phenotypes was disrupted in strain CHA. Intraclonal genome diversity manifested in an individual composition of the respective accessory genome whereby the highest number of accessory DNA elements was observed for isolate PT22 from a polluted aquatic habitat. Little intraclonal diversity was observed between three spatiotemporally related outbreak isolates of clone TB. Although phenotypically different, only a few individual SNPs and deletions were detected in the clone TB isolates. Their accessory genome mainly differed in prophage-like DNA elements taken up by one of the strains. Conclusions The higher geographical and temporal distance of the clone CHA isolates was associated with an increased intraclonal genome diversity compared to the more closely related clone TB isolates derived from a common source demonstrating the impact of habitat adaptation on the microevolution of P. aeruginosa. However, even short-term habitat differentiation can cause major phenotypic diversification driven by single genomic variation events and uptake of phage DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ki Bezuidt
- Klinische Forschergruppe, Klinik für Pädiatrische Pneumologie, Allergologie und Neonatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover D-30625, Germany
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Novotny LA, Amer AO, Brockson ME, Goodman SD, Bakaletz LO. Structural stability of Burkholderia cenocepacia biofilms is reliant on eDNA structure and presence of a bacterial nucleic acid binding protein. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67629. [PMID: 23799151 PMCID: PMC3682984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal inherited genetic disorder affection Caucasians. Even with medical advances, CF is life-shortening with patients typically surviving only to age 38. Infection of the CF lung by Burkholderia cenocepacia presents exceptional challenges to medical management of these patients as clinically this microbe is resistant to virtually all antibiotics, is highly transmissible and infection of CF patients with this microbe renders them ineligible for lung transplant, often the last lifesaving option. Here we have targeted two abundant components of the B. cenocepacia biofilm for immune intervention: extracellular DNA and DNABII proteins, the latter of which are bacterial nucleic acid binding proteins. Treatment of B. cenocepacia biofilms with antiserum directed at one of these DNABII proteins (integration host factor or IHF) resulted in significant disruption of the biofilm. Moreover, when anti-IHF mediated destabilization of a B. cenocepacia biofilm was combined with exposure to traditional antibiotics, B. cenocepacia resident within the biofilm and thereby typically highly resistant to the action of antibiotics, were now rendered susceptible to killing. Pre-incubation of B. cenocepacia with anti-IHF serum prior to exposure to murine CF macrophages, which are normally unable to effectively degrade ingested B. cenocepacia, resulted in a statistically significant increase in killing of phagocytized B. cenocepacia. Collectively, these findings support further development of strategies that target DNABII proteins as a novel approach for treatment of CF patients, particularly those whose lungs are infected with B. cenocepacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Novotny
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amal O. Amer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology and the Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, and the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - M. Elizabeth Brockson
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steven D. Goodman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lauren O. Bakaletz
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Gaspar MC, Couet W, Olivier JC, Pais AACC, Sousa JJS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis lung disease and new perspectives of treatment: a review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 32:1231-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-1876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Van Acker H, Sass A, Bazzini S, De Roy K, Udine C, Messiaen T, Riccardi G, Boon N, Nelis HJ, Mahenthiralingam E, Coenye T. Biofilm-grown Burkholderia cepacia complex cells survive antibiotic treatment by avoiding production of reactive oxygen species. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58943. [PMID: 23516582 PMCID: PMC3596321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of persister cells has been proposed as a factor in biofilm resilience. In the present study we investigated whether persister cells are present in Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) biofilms, what the molecular basis of antimicrobial tolerance in Bcc persisters is, and how persisters can be eradicated from Bcc biofilms. After treatment of Bcc biofilms with high concentrations of various antibiotics often a small subpopulation survived. To investigate the molecular mechanism of tolerance in this subpopulation, Burkholderia cenocepacia biofilms were treated with 1024 µg/ml of tobramycin. Using ROS-specific staining and flow cytometry, we showed that tobramycin increased ROS production in treated sessile cells. However, approximately 0.1% of all sessile cells survived the treatment. A transcriptome analysis showed that several genes from the tricarboxylic acid cycle and genes involved in the electron transport chain were downregulated. In contrast, genes from the glyoxylate shunt were upregulated. These data indicate that protection against ROS is important for the survival of persisters. To confirm this, we determined the number of persisters in biofilms formed by catalase mutants. The persister fraction in ΔkatA and ΔkatB biofilms was significantly reduced, confirming the role of ROS detoxification in persister survival. Pretreatment of B. cenocepacia biofilms with itaconate, an inhibitor of isocitrate lyase (ICL), the first enzyme in the glyoxylate shunt, reduced the persister fraction approx. 10-fold when the biofilms were subsequently treated with tobramycin. In conclusion, most Bcc biofilms contain a significant fraction of persisters that survive treatment with high doses of tobramycin. The surviving persister cells downregulate the TCA cycle to avoid production of ROS and at the same time activate an alternative pathway, the glyoxylate shunt. This pathway may present a novel target for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Van Acker
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Andrea Sass
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Silvia Bazzini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Karen De Roy
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Claudia Udine
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Thomas Messiaen
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Giovanna Riccardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nico Boon
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Hans J. Nelis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Eshwar Mahenthiralingam
- Organisms and Environment Division Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Choh LC, Ong GH, Vellasamy KM, Kalaiselvam K, Kang WT, Al-Maleki AR, Mariappan V, Vadivelu J. Burkholderia vaccines: are we moving forward? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:5. [PMID: 23386999 PMCID: PMC3564208 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Burkholderia consists of diverse species which includes both "friends" and "foes." Some of the "friendly" Burkholderia spp. are extensively used in the biotechnological and agricultural industry for bioremediation and biocontrol. However, several members of the genus including B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, and B. cepacia, are known to cause fatal disease in both humans and animals. B. pseudomallei and B. mallei are the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively, while B. cepacia infection is lethal to cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Due to the high rate of infectivity and intrinsic resistance to many commonly used antibiotics, together with high mortality rate, B. mallei and B. pseudomallei are considered to be potential biological warfare agents. Treatments of the infections caused by these bacteria are often unsuccessful with frequent relapse of the infection. Thus, we are at a crucial stage of the need for Burkholderia vaccines. Although the search for a prophylactic therapy candidate continues, to date development of vaccines has not advanced beyond research to human clinical trials. In this article, we review the current research on development of safe vaccines with high efficacy against B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, and B. cepacia. It can be concluded that further research will enable elucidation of the potential benefits and risks of Burkholderia vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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High-level over-expression, purification, and crystallization of a novel phospholipase C/sphingomyelinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Protein Expr Purif 2012. [PMID: 23201280 PMCID: PMC3601568 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The hemolytic phospholipase C/sphingomyelinase PlcH from the
opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents the
founding member of a growing family of virulence factors identified in a wide range of
bacterial and fungal pathogens. In P. aeruginosa PlcH is
co-expressed with a 17 kDa chaperone (PlcR2) and secreted as a fully
folded heterodimer (PlcHR2) of approximately 95 kDa, by the twin
arginine translocase (TAT) via the cytoplasmic membrane and through the outer membrane, by
the Xcp (TypeII) secretory system. PlcHR2 has been shown to be an important virulence
factor in model P. aeruginosa infections and is selectively
cytotoxic, at picomolar concentrations to mammalian endothelial cells. Here we report how
the various challenges starting from protein overexpression in the native organism
P. aeruginosa, the use of detergents in the crystallization and
data collection using the most advanced μ-focus synchrotron beam lines were overcome.
Native diffraction data of this heterodimeric protein complex were collected up to a
resolution of 4 Å, whereas needle-shaped crystals of
l-selenomethionine substituted PlcHR2 with a maximum
diameter of 10 micron were used to collect data sets with a maximum resolution of
2.75 Å.
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A novel virulence strategy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa mediated by an autotransporter with arginine-specific aminopeptidase activity. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002854. [PMID: 22927813 PMCID: PMC3426542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic human pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is a major cause of infections in chronic wounds, burns and the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. The P. aeruginosa genome encodes at least three proteins exhibiting the characteristic three domain structure of autotransporters, but much remains to be understood about the functions of these three proteins and their role in pathogenicity. Autotransporters are the largest family of secreted proteins in Gram-negative bacteria, and those characterised are virulence factors. Here, we demonstrate that the PA0328 autotransporter is a cell-surface tethered, arginine-specific aminopeptidase, and have defined its active site by site directed mutagenesis. Hence, we have assigned PA0328 with the name AaaA, for arginine-specific autotransporter of P. aeruginosa. We show that AaaA provides a fitness advantage in environments where the sole source of nitrogen is peptides with an aminoterminal arginine, and that this could be important for establishing an infection, as the lack of AaaA led to attenuation in a mouse chronic wound infection which correlated with lower levels of the cytokines TNFα, IL-1α, KC and COX-2. Consequently AaaA is an important virulence factor playing a significant role in the successful establishment of P. aeruginosa infections. We present a new Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor that promotes chronic skin wound infections. We propose the name AaaA for this cell-surface tethered autotransporter. This arginine-specific aminopeptidase confers a growth advantage upon P. aeruginosa, providing a fitness advantage by creating a supply of arginine in chronic wounds where oxygen availability is limited and biofilm formation is involved. To our knowledge, this is the first mechanistic evidence linking the upregulation of genes involved in arginine metabolism with pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa, and we propose potential underlying mechanisms. The superbug P. aeruginosa is the leading cause of morbidity in cystic fibrosis patients. The ineffective host immune response to bacterial colonization is likely to play a critical role in the demise of these patients, making the possibility that AaaA could interface with the innate immune system, influencing the activity of iNOS and consequently the host's defence against invading pathogens. The surface localisation of AaaA makes it accessible to inhibitors that could reduce growth of P. aeruginosa during colonisation and alter biofilm formation, potentially improving the efficacy of current antimicrobials. Indeed, structurally related aminopeptidases play a central role in several disease states (stroke, diabetes, cancer, HIV and neuropsychiatric disorders), and inhibitors alleviate symptoms.
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Noël S, Gasser V, Pesset B, Hoegy F, Rognan D, Schalk IJ, Mislin GLA. Synthesis and biological properties of conjugates between fluoroquinolones and a N3''-functionalized pyochelin. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:8288-300. [PMID: 22052022 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06250f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pyochelin is a siderophore common to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and several other pathogenic bacteria. A pyochelin functionalized at the N3'' position with a propyl-amine extension was previously synthesized. In the present work we proved that this analog binds FptA, the pyochelin outer membrane receptor, and transports iron(III) efficiently into bacteria. This functionalized pyochelin seemed to be a good candidate for antibiotic vectorization in the framework of a Trojan horse prodrug strategy. In this context, conjugates between pyochelin and three fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and N-desmethyl-ofloxacin) were synthesized with a spacer arm that was either stable or hydrolyzable in vivo. Some pyochelin-fluoroquinolone conjugates had antibacterial activities in growth inhibition experiments on several P. aeruginosa strains. However, these activities were weaker than those of the antibiotic alone. These properties appeared to be related to both the solubility and bioavailability of conjugates and to the stability of the spacer arm used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Noël
- Team Transports Membranaires Bactériens, UMR 7242 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67400 Illkirch, France
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O'Rourke PEF, Eadsforth TC, Fyfe PK, Shepherd SM, Hunter WN. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase: spatial conservation of an active site tyrosine and classification of two types of enzyme. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24158. [PMID: 21935381 PMCID: PMC3174152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase (PabC) catalyzes the formation of 4-aminobenzoate, and release of pyruvate, during folate biosynthesis. This is an essential activity for the growth of gram-negative bacteria, including important pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A high-resolution (1.75 Å) crystal structure of PabC from P. aeruginosa has been determined, and sequence-structure comparisons with orthologous structures are reported. Residues around the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate cofactor are highly conserved adding support to aspects of a mechanism generic for enzymes carrying that cofactor. However, we suggest that PabC can be classified into two groups depending upon whether an active site and structurally conserved tyrosine is provided from the polypeptide that mainly forms an active site or from the partner subunit in the dimeric assembly. We considered that the conserved tyrosine might indicate a direct role in catalysis: that of providing a proton to reduce the olefin moiety of substrate as pyruvate is released. A threonine had previously been suggested to fulfill such a role prior to our observation of the structurally conserved tyrosine. We have been unable to elucidate an experimentally determined structure of PabC in complex with ligands to inform on mechanism and substrate specificity. Therefore we constructed a computational model of the catalytic intermediate docked into the enzyme active site. The model suggests that the conserved tyrosine helps to create a hydrophobic wall on one side of the active site that provides important interactions to bind the catalytic intermediate. However, this residue does not appear to participate in interactions with the C atom that undergoes an sp(2) to sp(3) conversion as pyruvate is produced. The model and our comparisons rather support the hypothesis that an active site threonine hydroxyl contributes a proton used in the reduction of the substrate methylene to pyruvate methyl in the final stage of the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E. F. O'Rourke
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas C. Eadsforth
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Paul K. Fyfe
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon M. Shepherd
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - William N. Hunter
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Morgan RE, Batot GO, Dement JM, Rao VA, Eadsforth TC, Hunter WN. Crystal structures of Burkholderia cenocepacia dihydropteroate synthase in the apo-form and complexed with the product 7,8-dihydropteroate. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2011; 11:21. [PMID: 21554707 PMCID: PMC3098144 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6807-11-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The enzyme dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) participates in the de novo synthesis of folate cofactors by catalyzing the formation of 7,8-dihydropteroate from condensation of p-aminobenzoic acid with 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteroate pyrophosphate. DHPS is absent from humans, who acquire folates from diet, and has been validated as an antimicrobial therapeutic target by chemical and genetic means. The bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen and an infective agent of cystic fibrosis patients. The organism is highly resistant to antibiotics and there is a recognized need for the identification of new drugs against Burkholderia and related Gram-negative pathogens. Our characterization of the DHPS active site and interactions with the enzyme product are designed to underpin early stage drug discovery. Results An efficient recombinant protein expression system for DHPS from B. cenocepacia (BcDHPS) was prepared, the dimeric enzyme purified in high yield and crystallized. The structure of the apo-enzyme and the complex with the product 7,8-dihydropteroate have been determined to 2.35 Å and 1.95 Å resolution respectively in distinct orthorhombic crystal forms. The latter represents the first crystal structure of the DHPS-pterin product complex, reveals key interactions involved in ligand binding, and reinforces data generated by other structural studies. Comparisons with orthologues identify plasticity near the substrate-binding pocket and in particular a range of loop conformations that contribute to the architecture of the DHPS active site. These structural data provide a foundation for hit discovery. An intriguing observation, an artifact of the analysis, that of a potential sulfenamide bond within the ligand complex structure is mentioned. Conclusion Structural similarities between BcDHPS and orthologues from other Gram-negative species are evident as expected on the basis of a high level of sequence identity. The presence of 7,8-dihydropteroate in the binding site provides details about ligand recognition by the enzyme and the different states of the enzyme allow us to visualize distinct conformational states of loops adjacent to the active site. Improved drugs to combat infections by Burkholderia sp. and related Gram-negative bacteria are sought and our study now provides templates to assist that process and allow us to discuss new ways of inhibiting DHPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Morgan
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
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Quorum sensing inhibitors increase the susceptibility of bacterial biofilms to antibiotics in vitro and in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:2655-61. [PMID: 21422204 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00045-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the exact role of quorum sensing (QS) in various stages of biofilm formation, maturation, and dispersal and in biofilm resistance is not entirely clear, the use of QS inhibitors (QSI) has been proposed as a potential antibiofilm strategy. We have investigated whether QSI enhance the susceptibility of bacterial biofilms to treatment with conventional antimicrobial agents. The QSI used in our study target the acyl-homoserine lactone-based QS system present in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia complex organisms (baicalin hydrate, cinnamaldehyde) or the peptide-based system present in Staphylococcus aureus (hamamelitannin). The effect of tobramycin (P. aeruginosa, B. cepacia complex) and clindamycin or vancomycin (S. aureus), alone or in combination with QSI, was evaluated in various in vitro and in vivo biofilm model systems, including two invertebrate models and one mouse pulmonary infection model. In vitro the combined use of an antibiotic and a QSI generally resulted in increased killing compared to killing by an antibiotic alone, although reductions were strain and model dependent. A significantly higher fraction of infected Galleria mellonella larvae and Caenorhabditis elegans survived infection following combined treatment, compared to treatment with an antibiotic alone. Finally, the combined use of tobramycin and baicalin hydrate reduced the microbial load in the lungs of BALB/c mice infected with Burkholderia cenocepacia more than tobramycin treatment alone. Our data suggest that QSI may increase the success of antibiotic treatment by increasing the susceptibility of bacterial biofilms and/or by increasing host survival following infection.
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50
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Barbier F, Wolff M. [Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: towards a therapeutic dead end?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2011; 26:960-8. [PMID: 21106178 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20102611960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major hospital-associated pathogen that can cause severe infections, most notably in patients with cystic fibrosis or those hospitalized in intensive care units. In this context, the current increase in incidence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates of P. aeruginosa (MDRPA) raises serious concerns. MDR in P. aeruginosa is defined as the resistance to 3 or 4 of the following antibiotic classes: penicillins/cephalosporins/monobactams, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. These strains constantly cumulate several resistance mechanisms as a consequence of multiple genetic events, i.e., chromosomal mutations or horizontal transfers of resistance genes. Involved mechanisms may include active efflux, impermeability resulting from porins loss, plasmid-encoded b-lactamases/carbapenemases or aminoglycosides-modifying enzymes, and enzymatic or mutation-associated changes in antibiotics targets. Antibiotic selection pressure represents the leading risk factor for MDRPA acquisition. Colistin (polymyxin E) remains active on virtually all MDRPA isolates, and increasingly appears as the last available option to treat infections caused by these strains. However, the emergence of colistin resistance has been reported in P. aeruginosa, which may announce the spread of pan-resistant strains in a close future.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Barbier
- Service de réanimation médicale et des maladies infectieuses, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris, France.
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