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Sekar S, Schwarzbach S, Nega M, Bloes DA, Smeds E, Kretschmer D, Foster TJ, Heilbronner S. SLUSH peptides of the PSMβ family enable Staphylococcus lugdunensis to use erythrocytes as a sole source of nutrient iron. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23881. [PMID: 39166718 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400335r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
During infection, the host employs nutritional immunity to restrict access to iron. Staphylococcus lugdunensis has been recognized for its ability to utilize host-derived heme to overcome iron restriction. However, the mechanism behind this process involves the release of hemoglobin from erythrocytes, and the hemolytic factors of S. lugdunensis remain poorly understood. S. lugdunensis encodes four phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs), short peptides with hemolytic activity. The peptides SLUSH A, SLUSH B, and SLUSH C are β-type PSMs, and OrfX is an α-type PSM. Our study shows the SLUSH locus to be essential for the hemolytic phenotype of S. lugdunensis. All four peptides individually exhibited hemolytic activity against human and sheep erythrocytes, but synergism with sphingomyelinase was observed exclusively against sheep erythrocytes. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that SLUSH is crucial for allowing the utilization of erythrocytes as the sole source of nutritional iron and confirm the transcriptional regulation of SLUSH by Agr. Additionally, our study reveals that SLUSH peptides stimulate the human immune system. Our analysis identifies SLUSH as a pivotal hemolytic factor of S. lugdunensis and demonstrates its concerted action with heme acquisition systems to overcome iron limitation in the presence of host erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Sekar
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, UKT Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Selina Schwarzbach
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, UKT Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mulugeta Nega
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Alexander Bloes
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, UKT Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emanuel Smeds
- Lund Protein Production Platform, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dorothee Kretschmer
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, UKT Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timothy J Foster
- Trinity College Dublin, The Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon Heilbronner
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, UKT Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
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Koumaki D, Maraki S, Evangelou G, Rovithi E, Petrou D, Apokidou ES, Gregoriou S, Koumaki V, Ioannou P, Zografaki K, Doxastaki A, Papadopoulou K, Stafylaki D, Mavromanolaki VE, Krasagakis K. Clinical Significance and Microbiological Characteristics of Staphylococcus lugdunensis in Cutaneous Infections. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4327. [PMID: 39124594 PMCID: PMC11312498 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives:Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) commonly found on human skin. Unlike other CoNS, S. lugdunensis has a notable potential to cause severe infections comparable to Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed to characterize the clinical and microbiological profile of patients with S. lugdunensis skin infections at a single center. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patient records from the Dermatology Department of the University Hospital of Heraklion, Greece, covering the period from January 2014 to January 2024. Patients' clinical presentations, demographics, infection sites, comorbidities, prior infections, antimicrobial treatments, and therapeutic responses were examined. Specimens were collected, transported, and processed according to standardized microbiological protocols. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the Vitek 2 automated system and MALDI-TOF MS, with results interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. Results: A total of 123 skin specimens positive for S. lugdunensis were analyzed. The cohort comprised 62 males (50.4%) and 61 females (49.6%), with a mean age of 40.24 ± 20.14 years. Most specimens were collected from pus (84%), primarily from below the waist (66.7%). Hidradenitis suppurativa (26%) was the most common condition associated with S. lugdunensis, followed by folliculitis, abscesses, ulcers, cellulitis, and acne. Co-infections with other bacteria were noted in 49.6% of cases, and 25.2% of infections were nosocomially acquired. The majority of patients (65%) received systemic antibiotics, predominantly amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefuroxime axetil, and doxycycline, with a cure rate of 100%. All isolates were susceptible to several antibiotics, though resistance to penicillin (28.5%) and clindamycin (36%) was observed. Conclusions:S. lugdunensis is a significant pathogen in skin infections, capable of causing severe disease. The high cure rate demonstrates the effectiveness of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Continued monitoring and antimicrobial stewardship are essential to manage resistance and ensure effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Koumaki
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece; (G.E.); (E.R.); (D.P.); (K.Z.); (A.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Sofia Maraki
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece; (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Georgios Evangelou
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece; (G.E.); (E.R.); (D.P.); (K.Z.); (A.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Evangelia Rovithi
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece; (G.E.); (E.R.); (D.P.); (K.Z.); (A.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Danae Petrou
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece; (G.E.); (E.R.); (D.P.); (K.Z.); (A.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Erato Solia Apokidou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Agios Nikolaos General Hospital, Knosou 4, 72100 Agios Nikolaos, Greece;
| | - Stamatios Gregoriou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Andreas Sygros Hospital, I. Dragoumi 5, 16121 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Koumaki
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Zografaki
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece; (G.E.); (E.R.); (D.P.); (K.Z.); (A.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Aikaterini Doxastaki
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece; (G.E.); (E.R.); (D.P.); (K.Z.); (A.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Kalliopi Papadopoulou
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Venizeleio, Knossou Avenue 44, 71409 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Dimitra Stafylaki
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece; (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | | | - Konstantinos Krasagakis
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece; (G.E.); (E.R.); (D.P.); (K.Z.); (A.D.); (K.K.)
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Fung WW, SZE RKH, Szeto CC, Chow KM. Staphylococcus lugdunensis Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis: A Matched Comparative Analysis. Kidney Med 2024; 6:100811. [PMID: 38650953 PMCID: PMC11033185 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2024.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Staphylococcus lugdunensis (S lugdunensis) is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus species that has been increasingly recognized to cause serious infections with virulence resembling Staphylococcus aureus (S aureus). No studies have evaluated the characteristics and outcomes of patients with S lugdunensis peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis compared with those with S aureus peritonitis. We aim to evaluate the clinical course of peritonitis as caused by these organisms. Study Design A retrospective matched comparative analysis involving a single tertiary center from July 2000 to July 2020. Setting & Participants Forty-eight episodes of S aureus peritonitis were matched to 19 cases of S lugdunensis peritonitis. Analytical Approach The cases were individually matched for year of peritonitis, sex, age (±10 years), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (±3). A comparative analysis was performed between the 2 organisms. The outcome includes responses at day 5 of peritonitis and the rate of complete response. Results There is a higher predilection of diabetes in those with S aureus peritonitis than in those with S lugdunensis (64.6% vs 31.6%; P = 0.03). Patients with S aureus peritonitis also have a much higher total cell count at presentation (4,463.9 ± 5,479.5 vs 1,807.9 ± 3,322.7; P = 0.05); a higher prevalence of poor response at day 5 (50.0% vs 15.8%; P = 0.03); a lower rate of complete response (64.6% vs 94.7%; P = 0.01) and are more prone to relapse with the same organism (29.2% vs 0%, respectively; P = 0.01) as compared to those with S lugdunensis. Limitations The result of this small retrospective study involving a single center may not be generalizable to other centers. There is also no data for comparative analysis on other coagulase-negative staphylococci such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, which belongs to the same family as S lugdunensis. Conclusions Although S aureus peritonitis is more virulent with significant morbidity, S lugdunensis can cause similarly serious peritonitis. This largest case series of S lugdunensis peritonitis enabled better characterization of clinical features and outcomes of patients with S lugdunensis peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston W.S. Fung
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ryan K.-H. SZE
- Department of Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Ming Chow
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Abouelkhair MA, Kania SA. Whole Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics of Six Staphylococcus schleiferi and Staphylococcus coagulans Isolates. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:284. [PMID: 38540343 PMCID: PMC10969876 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus schleiferi and Staphylococcus coagulans, closely related bacterial species within the Staphylococcus genus, present a challenge in classification and diagnosis due to their close genetic proximity and overlapping phenotypic features. Moreover, our understanding of the virulence mechanisms in staphylococcal species, beyond the extensively studied Staphylococcus aureus, remains limited, underscoring the importance of using comparative data to enhance our insights into virulence within these bacterial species. This study employed a comprehensive approach, utilizing comparative genomics, to identify genomic distinctions between S. schleiferi and S. coagulans, aiming to address the challenges in the accurate classification and diagnosis of these organisms and identify unique features. Whole genome sequencing was performed on six clinical isolates, and their genomes were compared to identify variations in gene content and virulence factors. De novo assembly and annotation revealed two samples as S. coagulans and four samples as S. schleiferi. Analysis of the core genomes revealed conserved regions crucial for defining species identity, while accessory genomic elements contained unique genes, possibly impacting the pathogenicity of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen A. Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
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Zhao Y, Bitzer A, Power JJ, Belikova D, Torres Salazar BO, Adolf LA, Gerlach D, Krismer B, Heilbronner S. Nasal commensals reduce Staphylococcus aureus proliferation by restricting siderophore availability. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae123. [PMID: 38987933 PMCID: PMC11296517 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The human microbiome is critically associated with human health and disease. One aspect of this is that antibiotic-resistant opportunistic bacterial pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, can reside within the nasal microbiota, which increases the risk of infection. Epidemiological studies of the nasal microbiome have revealed positive and negative correlations between non-pathogenic species and S. aureus, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The nasal cavity is iron-limited, and bacteria are known to produce iron-scavenging siderophores to proliferate in such environments. Siderophores are public goods that can be consumed by all members of a bacterial community. Accordingly, siderophores are known to mediate bacterial competition and collaboration, but their role in the nasal microbiome is unknown. Here, we show that siderophore acquisition is crucial for S. aureus nasal colonization in vivo. We screened 94 nasal bacterial strains from seven genera for their capacity to produce siderophores as well as to consume the siderophores produced by S. aureus. We found that 80% of the strains engaged in siderophore-mediated interactions with S. aureus. Non-pathogenic corynebacterial species were found to be prominent consumers of S. aureus siderophores. In co-culture experiments, consumption of siderophores by competitors reduced S. aureus growth in an iron-dependent fashion. Our data show a wide network of siderophore-mediated interactions between the species of the human nasal microbiome and provide mechanistic evidence for inter-species competition and collaboration impacting pathogen proliferation. This opens avenues for designing nasal probiotics to displace S. aureus from the nasal cavity of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zhao
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210011 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Alina Bitzer
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jeffrey John Power
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Darya Belikova
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, UKT Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Orlando Torres Salazar
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lea Antje Adolf
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, UKT Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Gerlach
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Faculty of Biology, Microbiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bernhard Krismer
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Heilbronner
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, UKT Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Faculty of Biology, Microbiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research “DZIF” partnersite Tübingen, Germany
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Su Y, Xu MY, Cui Y, Chen RZ, Xie LX, Zhang JX, Chen YQ, Ding T. Bacterial quorum sensing orchestrates longitudinal interactions to shape microbiota assembly. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:241. [PMID: 37926838 PMCID: PMC10626739 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of microbiota assembly is one of the main problems in microbiome research, which is also the primary theoretical basis for precise manipulation of microbial communities. Bacterial quorum sensing (QS), as the most common means for bacteria to exchange information and interactions, is characterized by universality, specificity, and regulatory power, which therefore may influence the assembly processes of human microbiota. However, the regulating role of QS in microbiota assembly is rarely reported. In this study, we developed an optimized in vitro oral biofilm microbiota assembling (OBMA) model to simulate the time-series assembly of oral biofilm microbiota (OBM), by which to excavate the QS network and its regulating power in the process. RESULTS By using the optimized OBMA model, we were able to restore the assembly process of OBM and generate time-series OBM metagenomes of each day. We discovered a total of 2291 QS protein homologues related to 21 QS pathways. Most of these pathways were newly reported and sequentially enriched during OBM assembling. These QS pathways formed a comprehensive longitudinal QS network that included successively enriched QS hubs, such as Streptococcus, Veillonella-Megasphaera group, and Prevotella-Fusobacteria group, for information delivery. Bidirectional cross-talk among the QS hubs was found to play critical role in the directional turnover of microbiota structure, which in turn, influenced the assembly process. Subsequent QS-interfering experiments accurately predicted and experimentally verified the directional shaping power of the longitudinal QS network in the assembly process. As a result, the QS-interfered OBM exhibited delayed and fragile maturity with prolonged membership of Streptococcus and impeded membership of Prevotella and Fusobacterium. CONCLUSION Our results revealed an unprecedented longitudinal QS network during OBM assembly and experimentally verified its power in predicting and manipulating the assembling process. Our work provides a new perspective to uncover underlying mechanism in natural complex microbiota assembling and a theoretical basis for ultimately precisely manipulating human microbiota through intervention in the QS network. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ming-Ying Xu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, 526020, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Run-Zhi Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li-Xiang Xie
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yong-Qiu Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Ravaioli S, Campoccia D, Mirzaei R, Mariani V, Bottau G, De Donno A, Montanaro L, Speziale P, Arciola CR. Searching for Virulence Factors among Staphylococcus lugdunensis Isolates from Orthopedic Infections: Correlation of β-hemolysin, hemolysin III, and slush Genes with Hemolytic Activity and Synergistic Hemolytic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15724. [PMID: 37958706 PMCID: PMC10650139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an emerging high-virulent pathogen. Here, the presence and expression of virulence genes (icaA, fbl, vwbl, fbpA, slush A, B and C, and genes of the putative β-hemolysin and hemolysin III) and the ability to induce synergistic hemolytic activity and hemolysis after 24, 48 and 72 h were investigated in a collection of twenty-two S. lugdunensis clinical isolates. The collection of isolates, mainly from implant orthopedic infections, had previously been grouped by ribotyping/dendrogram analysis and studied for biofilm matrices, biomasses and antibiotic resistances. Two isolates, constituting a unique small ribogroup sharing the same cluster, exhibited an amplicon size of the slush operon (S. lugdunensis synergistic hemolysin) which was shorter than the expected 977 bp. This outcome can predict the genetic lineage of the S. lugdunensis strains. One isolate (cra1342) presented two deletions: one of 90 bp in slush A and the other of 91 bp in slush B. Another isolate (N860314) showed a single 193 bp deletion, which encompassed part of the slush B terminal sequence and most of slush C. The isolate N860314 was devoid of hemolytic activity after 24 h, and the first consideration was that the deleted region deals with the coding of the active enzymatic site of the slush hemolysin. On the other hand, cra1342 and N860314 isolates with different slush deletions and with hemolytic activity after 24 and 48 h, respectively, could have replaced the hemolytic phenotype through other processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ravaioli
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (V.M.); (G.B.); (A.D.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Davide Campoccia
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (V.M.); (G.B.); (A.D.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran;
| | - Valentina Mariani
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (V.M.); (G.B.); (A.D.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Giulia Bottau
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (V.M.); (G.B.); (A.D.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Andrea De Donno
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (V.M.); (G.B.); (A.D.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Lucio Montanaro
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (V.M.); (G.B.); (A.D.D.); (L.M.)
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Laboratory of Pathology of Implant Infections, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Section, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Laboratory of Pathology of Implant Infections, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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8
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El Yamlahi Y, Bel Mokhtar N, Maurady A, Britel MR, Batargias C, Mutembei DE, Nyingilili HS, Malulu DJ, Malele II, Asimakis E, Stathopoulou P, Tsiamis G. Characterization of the Bacterial Profile from Natural and Laboratory Glossina Populations. INSECTS 2023; 14:840. [PMID: 37999039 PMCID: PMC10671886 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.; Diptera: Glossinidae) are viviparous flies that feed on blood and are found exclusively in sub-Saharan Africa. They are the only cyclic vectors of African trypanosomes, responsible for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT). In this study, we employed high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to unravel the diversity of symbiotic bacteria in five wild and three laboratory populations of tsetse species (Glossina pallidipes, G. morsitans, G. swynnertoni, and G. austeni). The aim was to assess the dynamics of bacterial diversity both within each laboratory and wild population in relation to the developmental stage, insect age, gender, and location. Our results indicated that the bacterial communities associated with the four studied Glossina species were significantly influenced by their region of origin, with wild samples being more diverse compared to the laboratory samples. We also observed that the larval microbiota was significantly different than the adults. Furthermore, the sex and the species did not significantly influence the formation of the bacterial profile of the laboratory colonies once these populations were kept under the same rearing conditions. In addition, Wigglesworthia, Acinetobacter, and Sodalis were the most abundant bacterial genera in all the samples, while Wolbachia was significantly abundant in G. morsitans compared to the other studied species. The operational taxonomic unit (OTU) co-occurrence network for each location (VVBD insectary, Doma, Makao, and Msubugwe) indicated a high variability between G. pallidipes and the other species in terms of the number of mutual exclusion and copresence interactions. In particular, some bacterial genera, like Wigglesworthia and Sodalis, with high relative abundance, were also characterized by a high degree of interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef El Yamlahi
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan 93000, Morocco; (Y.E.Y.); (N.B.M.); (A.M.); (M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences and Technics of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan 93000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St, 30131 Agrinio, Greece; (E.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Naima Bel Mokhtar
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan 93000, Morocco; (Y.E.Y.); (N.B.M.); (A.M.); (M.R.B.)
- Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St, 30131 Agrinio, Greece; (E.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Amal Maurady
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan 93000, Morocco; (Y.E.Y.); (N.B.M.); (A.M.); (M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences and Technics of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Mohammed R. Britel
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan 93000, Morocco; (Y.E.Y.); (N.B.M.); (A.M.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Costas Batargias
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Delphina E. Mutembei
- Vector & Vector Borne Diseases, Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA), Tanga P.O. Box 1026, Tanzania; (D.E.M.); (H.S.N.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Hamisi S. Nyingilili
- Vector & Vector Borne Diseases, Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA), Tanga P.O. Box 1026, Tanzania; (D.E.M.); (H.S.N.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Deusdedit J. Malulu
- Vector & Vector Borne Diseases, Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA), Tanga P.O. Box 1026, Tanzania; (D.E.M.); (H.S.N.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Imna I. Malele
- Directorate of Research and Technology Development, TVLA, Dar Es Salaam P.O. Box 9254, Tanzania;
| | - Elias Asimakis
- Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St, 30131 Agrinio, Greece; (E.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Panagiota Stathopoulou
- Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St, 30131 Agrinio, Greece; (E.A.); (P.S.)
| | - George Tsiamis
- Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St, 30131 Agrinio, Greece; (E.A.); (P.S.)
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9
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Risser F, López-Morales J, Nash MA. Adhesive Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus aureus Resist Digestion by Coagulation Proteases Thrombin and Plasmin. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:586-599. [PMID: 36573096 PMCID: PMC9782320 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an invasive and life-threatening pathogen that has undergone extensive coevolution with its mammalian hosts. Its molecular adaptations include elaborate mechanisms for immune escape and hijacking of the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways. These capabilities are enacted by virulence factors including microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) and the plasminogen-activating enzyme staphylokinase (SAK). Despite the ability of S. aureus to modulate coagulation, until now the sensitivity of S. aureus virulence factors to digestion by proteases of the coagulation system was unknown. Here, we used protein engineering, biophysical assays, and mass spectrometry to study the susceptibility of S. aureus MSCRAMMs to proteolytic digestion by human thrombin, plasmin, and plasmin/SAK complexes. We found that MSCRAMMs were highly resistant to proteolysis, and that SAK binding to plasmin enhanced this resistance. We mapped thrombin, plasmin, and plasmin/SAK cleavage sites of nine MSCRAMMs and performed biophysical, bioinformatic, and stability analysis to understand structural and sequence features common to protease-susceptible sites. Overall, our study offers comprehensive digestion patterns of S. aureus MSCRAMMs by thrombin, plasmin, and plasmin/SAK complexes and paves the way for new studies into this resistance and virulence mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Risser
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland,Department
of Biosystems Sciences and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joanan López-Morales
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland,Department
of Biosystems Sciences and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Nash
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland,Department
of Biosystems Sciences and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland,E-mail:
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10
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Adolf LA, Heilbronner S. Nutritional Interactions between Bacterial Species Colonising the Human Nasal Cavity: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Metabolites 2022; 12:489. [PMID: 35736422 PMCID: PMC9229137 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The human nasal microbiome can be a reservoir for several pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus. However, certain harmless nasal commensals can interfere with pathogen colonisation, an ability that could be exploited to prevent infection. Although attractive as a prophylactic strategy, manipulation of nasal microbiomes to prevent pathogen colonisation requires a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of interaction that occur between nasal commensals as well as between commensals and pathogens. Our knowledge concerning the mechanisms of pathogen exclusion and how stable community structures are established is patchy and incomplete. Nutrients are scarce in nasal cavities, which makes competitive or mutualistic traits in nutrient acquisition very likely. In this review, we focus on nutritional interactions that have been shown to or might occur between nasal microbiome members. We summarise concepts of nutrient release from complex host molecules and host cells as well as of intracommunity exchange of energy-rich fermentation products and siderophores. Finally, we discuss the potential of genome-based metabolic models to predict complex nutritional interactions between members of the nasal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea A. Adolf
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, UKT Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Simon Heilbronner
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, UKT Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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11
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In vivo growth of Staphylococcus lugdunensis is facilitated by the concerted function of heme and non-heme iron acquisition mechanisms. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101823. [PMID: 35283192 PMCID: PMC9052147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis has increasingly been recognized as a pathogen that can cause serious infection indicating this bacterium overcomes host nutritional immunity. Despite this, there exists a significant knowledge gap regarding the iron acquisition mechanisms employed by S. lugdunensis, especially during infection of the mammalian host. Here we show that S. lugdunensis can usurp hydroxamate siderophores and staphyloferrin A and B from Staphylococcus aureus. These transport activities all required a functional FhuC ATPase. Moreover, we show that the acquisition of catechol siderophores and catecholamine stress hormones by S. lugdunensis required the presence of the sst-1 transporter-encoding locus, but not the sst-2 locus. Iron-dependent growth in acidic culture conditions necessitated the ferrous iron transport system encoded by feoAB. Heme iron was acquired via expression of the iron-regulated surface determinant (isd) locus. During systemic infection of mice, we demonstrated that while S. lugdunensis does not cause overt illness, it does colonize and proliferate to high numbers in the kidneys. By combining mutations in the various iron acquisition loci (isd, fhuC, sst-1, and feo), we demonstrate that only a strain deficient for all of these systems was attenuated in its ability to proliferate to high numbers in the murine kidney. We propose the concerted action of heme and non-heme iron acquisition systems also enable S. lugdunensis to cause human infection.
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12
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Hussain M, Kohler C, Becker K. Enolase of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Is a Surface-Exposed Moonlighting Protein That Binds to Extracellular Matrix and the Plasminogen/Plasmin System. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:837297. [PMID: 35308335 PMCID: PMC8928124 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.837297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The coagulase-negative staphylococcal (CoNS) species Staphylococcus lugdunensis is unique in causing serious infections in humans that resemble those of Staphylococcus aureus rather than those of other CoNS species. The colonization and invasion of host tissue presupposes the presence of adherence factors, but only a few proteins mediating adhesion of S. lugdunensis to biotic surfaces are known yet. Here, we report on the functionality of the S. lugdunensis enolase (SlEno), which performs two distinct roles, first, as the metabolic enzyme of the glycolysis, and second, as an adherence factor to the extracellular matrix (ECM) of cells. Phylogenetic analyses of the SlEno confirmed their high conservation to enolases of other species and revealed a closer relationship to Staphylococcus epidermidis than to S. aureus. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and Western blot experiments, we identified SlEno to be located in the cytoplasm as well as on the cell surface of S. lugdunensis. Recombinantly generated and surface-associated SlEno showed the usual enolase activity by catalyzing the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate but, in addition, also displayed strong binding to immobilized laminin, fibronectin, fibrinogen, and collagen type IV in a dose-dependent manner. We also showed a strong binding of SlEno to plasminogen (Plg) and observed a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-dependent conversion of Plg to plasmin (Pln) whereby the Plg activation significantly increased in the presence of SlEno. This interaction might be dependent on lysines of the SlEno protein as binding to Plg was inhibited by ε-aminocaproic acid. Furthermore, the enhanced activation of the Plg/Pln system by SlEno enabled S. lugdunensis to migrate through a fibrin matrix. This migration was about 10-fold higher than without exogenously added SlEno. Finally, we observed a significantly higher clearance of S. lugdunensis by freshly prepared granulocytes and in the presence of anti-SlEno antibodies. In conclusion, these data demonstrate for the first time a moonlighting function of the S. lugdunensis enolase, which is an underrated virulence factor for colonization and invasion of tissues. Hence, SlEno might be a potential vaccine candidate to prevent severe infections caused by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffar Hussain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Kohler
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karsten Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Karsten Becker,
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13
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Aubourg M, Pottier M, Léon A, Bernay B, Dhalluin A, Cacaci M, Torelli R, Ledormand P, Martini C, Sanguinetti M, Auzou M, Gravey F, Giard JC. Inactivation of the Response Regulator AgrA Has a Pleiotropic Effect on Biofilm Formation, Pathogenesis and Stress Response in Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0159821. [PMID: 35138170 PMCID: PMC8826819 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01598-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus that emerges as an important opportunistic pathogen. However, little is known about the regulation underlying the transition from commensal to virulent state. Based on knowledge of S. aureus virulence, we suspected that the agr quorum sensing system may be an important determinant for the pathogenicity of S. lugdunensis. We investigated the functions of the transcriptional regulator AgrA using the agrA deletion mutant. AgrA played a role in cell pigmentation: ΔargA mutant colonies were white while the parental strains were slightly yellow. Compared with the wild-type strain, the ΔargA mutant was affected in its ability to form biofilm and was less able to survive in mice macrophages. Moreover, the growth of ΔagrA was significantly reduced by the addition of 10% NaCl or 0.4 mM H2O2 and its survival after 2 h in the presence of 1 mM H2O2 was more than 10-fold reduced. To explore the mechanisms involved beyond these phenotypes, the ΔagrA proteome and transcriptome were characterized by mass spectrometry and RNA-Seq. We found that AgrA controlled several virulence factors as well as stress-response factors, which are well correlated with the reduced resistance of the ΔagrA mutant to osmotic and oxidative stresses. These results were not the consequence of the deregulation of RNAIII of the agr system, since no phenotype or alteration of the proteomic profile has been observed for the ΔRNAIII mutant. Altogether, our results highlighted that the AgrA regulator of S. lugdunensis played a key role in its ability to become pathogenic. IMPORTANCE Although belonging to the natural human skin flora, Staphylococcus lugdunensis is recognized as a particularly aggressive and destructive pathogen. This study aimed to characterize the role of the response regulator AgrA, which is a component of the quorum-sensing agr system and known to be a major element in the regulation of pathogenicity and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus. In the present study, we showed that, contrary to S. aureus, the agrA deletion mutant produced less biofilm. Inactivation of agrA conferred a white colony phenotype and impacted S. lugdunensis in its ability to survive in mice macrophages and to cope with osmotic and oxidative stresses. By global proteomic and transcriptomic approaches, we identified the AgrA regulon, bringing molecular bases underlying the observed phenotypes. Together, our data showed the importance of AgrA in the opportunistic pathogenic behavior of S. lugdunensis allowing it to be considered as an interesting therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Aubourg
- Université de Caen Normandie, Dynamicure, INSERM U1311, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Marine Pottier
- Université de Caen Normandie, Dynamicure, INSERM U1311, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, Caen, France
| | - Albertine Léon
- Université de Caen Normandie, Dynamicure, INSERM U1311, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, Caen, France
| | - Benoit Bernay
- Plateforme Proteogen SFR ICORE 4206, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Anne Dhalluin
- Université de Caen Normandie, Dynamicure, INSERM U1311, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Margherita Cacaci
- Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, L. go F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Torelli
- Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, L. go F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Martini
- Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, L. go F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, L. go F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Michel Auzou
- CHU de Caen, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Caen, France
| | - François Gravey
- Université de Caen Normandie, Dynamicure, INSERM U1311, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
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14
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Chang SC, Lin LC, Lu JJ. Comparative Genomic Analyses Reveal Potential Factors Responsible for the ST6 Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus lugdunensis Endemic in a Hospital. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:765437. [PMID: 34899648 PMCID: PMC8655729 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.765437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus lugdunensis (ORSL) is considered a life-threatening isolate in healthcare settings. Among ORSL clones, ST6-SCCmec II strains are associated with an endemic spread in hospitals. We analyzed the complete genome of ORSL CGMH-SL118, a representative strain. Results revealed that this strain contained three MGEs (two prophages and one plasmid) other than the SCCmec II element, which showed remarkable differences in genome organization compared to the reference strains from NCBI. Eight multidrug-resistant genes were identified. All but blaZ were carried by MGEs, such as the SCCmec II element [mecA, ant (9)-Ia, and ermA] and the prophage φSPbeta [aac (6')-aph (2'), aph (3')-III, and ant (6)-Ia], indicating that MGEs carrying multidrug-resistant genes may be important for ST6 strains. The prophage φSPbeta contains sasX gene, which was responsible for the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus. A phage-mediated resistant island containing fusB (SlRIfusB-118) was found near φSPbeta, which was highly homologous to type III SeRIfusB-5907 of Staphylococcus epidermidis. In contrast to previous studies, over 20% of ST6 isolates showed a fusidic acid-resistant phenotype, suggesting that phage-mediated intraspecies transmission of resistant islands may become an important issue for ST6 strains. Sixty-eight clinical isolates of ST6 Staphylococcus lugdunensis (50 OSSL, oxacillin-sensitive S. lugdunensis, and 18 ORSL, including CGMH-SL118) collected from various types of specimens in the hospital were studied. Among these isolates in this study, ORSL showed similar drug-resistant genes and phenotypes as CGMH-SL118. The comparative genomic analyses highlight the contribution of MGEs in the development and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in ST6 strains, suggesting that resistance determinants and virulence factors encoded by MGEs provide a survival advantage for successful colonization and spread in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Cheng Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Chung Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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15
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Oliveira F, Rohde H, Vilanova M, Cerca N. Fighting Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm-Associated Infections: Can Iron Be the Key to Success? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:798563. [PMID: 34917520 PMCID: PMC8670311 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.798563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most important commensal microorganisms of human skin and mucosae. However, this bacterial species is also the cause of severe infections in immunocompromised patients, specially associated with the utilization of indwelling medical devices, that often serve as a scaffold for biofilm formation. S. epidermidis strains are often multidrug resistant and its association with biofilm formation makes these infections hard to treat. Their remarkable ability to form biofilms is widely regarded as its major pathogenic determinant. Although a significant amount of knowledge on its biofilm formation mechanisms has been achieved, we still do not understand how the species survives when exposed to the host harsh environment during invasion. A previous RNA-seq study highlighted that iron-metabolism associated genes were the most up-regulated bacterial genes upon contact with human blood, which suggested that iron acquisition plays an important role in S. epidermidis biofilm development and escape from the host innate immune system. In this perspective article, we review the available literature on the role of iron metabolism on S. epidermidis pathogenesis and propose that exploiting its dependence on iron could be pursued as a viable therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Oliveira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Holger Rohde
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Vilanova
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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16
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Sun Z, Zhang X, Zhou D, Zhou K, Li Q, Lin H, Lu W, Liu H, Lu J, Lin X, Li K, Xu T, Zhu M, Bao Q, Zhang H. Identification of Three Clf-Sdr Subfamily Proteins in Staphylococcus warneri, and Comparative Genomics Analysis of a Locus Encoding CWA Proteins in Staphylococcus Species. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:691087. [PMID: 34394031 PMCID: PMC8360574 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.691087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus warneri is an opportunistic pathogen that is capable of causing several infections, especially in patients with indwelling medical devices. Here, we determined the complete genome sequence of a clinical S. warneri strain isolated from the blood culture of a 1-year-old nursling patient with acute upper respiratory infection. Genome-wide phylogenetic analysis confirmed the phylogenetic relationships between S. warneri and other Staphylococcus species. Using comparative genomics, we identified three cell wall-anchored (CWA) proteins at the same locus (sdr), named SdrJ, SdrK, and SdrL, on the chromosome sequences of different S. warneri strains. Structural predictions showed that SdrJ/K/L have structural features characteristic of Sdr proteins but exceptionally contained an unusual N-terminal repeat region. However, the C-terminal repetitive (R) region of SdrJ contains a significantly larger proportion of alanine (142/338, 42.01%) than the previously reported SdrI (37.00%). Investigation of the genetic organization revealed that the sdrJ/K/L genes were always followed by one or two glycosyltransferase genes, gtfA and gtfB and were present in an ∼56 kb region bordered by a pair of 8 bp identical direct repeats, named Sw-Sdr. This region was further found to be located on a 160-kb region subtended by a pair of 160-bp direct repeats along with other virulence genes and resistance genes. Sw-Sdr contained a putative integrase that was probably a remnant of a functional integrase. Evidence suggests that Sw-Sdr is improbably an efficient pathogenicity island. A large-scale investigation of Staphylococcus genomes showed that sdr loci were a potential hotspot of insertion sequences (ISs), which could lead to intraspecific diversity at these loci. Our work expanded the repository of Staphylococcus Sdr proteins, and for the first time, we established the connection between sdr loci and phylogenetic relationships and compared the sdr loci in different Staphylococcus species, which provided large insights into the genetic environment of CWA genes in Staphylococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Danying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kexin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hailong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongmao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junwan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Teng Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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17
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Aubourg M, Gravey F, Dhalluin A, Giard JC. Identification of the iron-limitation stimulon in Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:3687-3694. [PMID: 33983488 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
During the infectious process, pathogens such as Staphylococcus lugdunensis have to cope with the condition of host-induced iron-limitation. Using the RNAseq approach, we performed the first global transcriptomic analysis of S. lugdunensis cells incubated in the absence and presence of iron chelator. One hundred and seventy-five genes were identified as members of the iron-limitation stimulon (127 up- and 48 downregulated). Six gene clusters known or likely required for the acquisition of iron have been identified. Among them, a novel Energy-Coupling Factor type transporter (ECF), homologous to the lhaSTA operon, has been found into a 13-gene putative operon and strongly overexpressed under iron-limitation condition. Moreover, the transcription of genes involved in resistance to oxidative stress (including catalase), virulence, transcriptional regulation, and hemin detoxification were also modified. These data provide some answers on the cellular response to the iron-limitation stress that is important for the opportunistic behavior of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Aubourg
- EA4655 U2RM (équipe "Antibio-résistance"), CHU de Caen, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - François Gravey
- Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie Univ, Unicaen, Unirouen, GRAM 2.0, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Anne Dhalluin
- EA4655 U2RM (équipe "Antibio-résistance"), CHU de Caen, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Giard
- EA4655 U2RM (équipe "Antibio-résistance"), CHU de Caen, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France.
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18
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Liu J, Madec JY, Bousquet-Mélou A, Haenni M, Ferran AA. Destruction of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by combining an antibiotic with subtilisin A or calcium gluconate. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6225. [PMID: 33737602 PMCID: PMC7973569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In S. aureus biofilms, bacteria are embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and are highly tolerant to antimicrobial drugs. We thus sought to identify non-antibiotic substances with broad-spectrum activity able to destroy the EPS matrix and enhance the effect of antibiotics on embedded biofilm bacteria. Among eight substances tested, subtilisin A (0.01 U/mL) and calcium gluconate (CaG, Ca2+ 1.25 mmol/L) significantly reduced the biomass of biofilms formed by at least 21/24 S. aureus isolates. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that they both eliminated nearly all the proteins and PNAG from the matrix. By contrast, antibiotics alone had nearly no effect on biofilm biomass and the selected one (oxytetracycline-OTC) could only slightly reduce biofilm bacteria. The combination of OTC with CaG or subtilisin A led to an additive reduction (average of 2 log10 CFU/mL) of embedded biofilm bacteria on the isolates susceptible to OTC (MBC < 10 μg/mL, 11/24). Moreover, these two combinations led to a reduction of the embedded biofilm bacteria higher than 3 log10 CFU/mL for 20–25% of the isolates. Further studies are now required to better understand the factors that cause the biofilm produced by specific isolates (20–25%) to be susceptible to the combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Liu
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon, Lyon, France.,INTHERES, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aude A Ferran
- INTHERES, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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19
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Cole K, Atkins B, Llewelyn M, Paul J. Genomic investigation of clinically significant coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 33704043 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Coagulase-negative staphylococci have been recognized both as emerging pathogens and contaminants of clinical samples. High-resolution genomic investigation may provide insights into their clinical significance.Aims. To review the literature regarding coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection and the utility of genomic methods to aid diagnosis and management, and to identify promising areas for future research.Methodology. We searched Google Scholar with the terms (Staphylococcus) AND (sequencing OR (infection)). We prioritized papers that addressed coagulase-negative staphylococci, genomic analysis, or infection.Results. A number of studies have investigated specimen-related, phenotypic and genetic factors associated with colonization, infection and virulence, but diagnosis remains problematic.Conclusion. Genomic investigation provides insights into the genetic diversity and natural history of colonization and infection. Such information allows the development of new methodologies to identify and compare relatedness and predict antimicrobial resistance. Future clinical studies that employ suitable sampling frames coupled with the application of high-resolution whole-genome sequencing may aid the development of more discriminatory diagnostic approaches to coagulase-staphylococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cole
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK.,Public Health England Collaborating Centre, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Martin Llewelyn
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - John Paul
- Public Health England Collaborating Centre, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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20
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Staphylococcus lugdunensis: a Skin Commensal with Invasive Pathogenic Potential. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 34:34/2/e00205-20. [PMID: 33361142 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00205-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a species of coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) that causes serious infections in humans akin to those of S. aureus It was often misidentified as S. aureus, but this has been rectified by recent routine use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in diagnostic laboratories. It encodes a diverse array of virulence factors for adhesion, cytotoxicity, and innate immune evasion, but these are less diverse than those encoded by S. aureus It expresses an iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) system combined with a novel energy-coupling factor (ECF) mechanism for extracting heme from hemoproteins. Small cytolytic S. lugdunensis synergistic hemolysins (SLUSH), peptides related to phenol-soluble modulins of S. aureus, act synergistically with β-toxin to lyse erythrocytes. S. lugdunensis expresses a novel peptide antibiotic, lugdunin, that can influence the nasal and skin microbiota. Endovascular infections are initiated by bacterial adherence to fibrinogen promoted by a homologue of Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor A and to von Willebrand factor on damaged endothelium by an uncharacterized mechanism. S. lugdunensis survives within mature phagolysosomes of macrophages without growing and is released only following apoptosis. This differs fundamentally from S. aureus, which actively grows and expresses bicomponent leukotoxins that cause membrane damage and could contribute to survival in the infected host. S. lugdunensis is being investigated as a probiotic to eradicate S. aureus from the nares of carriers. However, this is contraindicated by its innate virulence. Studies to obtain a deeper understanding of S. lugdunensis colonization, virulence, and microbiome interactions are therefore warranted.
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21
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Role of SrtA in Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121975. [PMID: 33322541 PMCID: PMC7763024 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Staphylococcus lugdunensis has a special position as causative agent of aggressive courses of infectious endocarditis (IE) more reminiscent of IEs caused by Staphylococcus aureus than those by CoNS. To initiate colonization and invasion, bacterial cell surface proteins are required; however, only little is known about adhesion of S. lugdunensis to biotic surfaces. Cell surface proteins containing the LPXTG anchor motif are covalently attached to the cell wall by sortases. Here, we report the functionality of Staphylococcus lugdunensis sortase A (SrtA) to link LPXTG substrates to the cell wall. To determine the role of SrtA dependent surface proteins in biofilm formation and binding eukaryotic cells, we generated SrtA-deficient mutants (ΔsrtA). These mutants formed a smaller amount of biofilm and bound less to immobilized fibronectin, fibrinogen, and vitronectin. Furthermore, SrtA absence affected the gene expression of two different adhesins on transcription level. Surprisingly, we found no decreased adherence and invasion in human cell lines, probably caused by the upregulation of further adhesins in ΔsrtA mutant strains. In conclusion, the functionality of S. lugdunensis SrtA in anchoring LPXTG substrates to the cell wall let us define it as the pathogen’s housekeeping sortase.
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22
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Aubourg M, Dhalluin A, Gravey F, Pottier M, Thomy N, Bernay B, Goux D, Martineau M, Giard JC. Phenotypic and proteomic approaches of the response to iron-limited condition in Staphylococcus lugdunensis. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:328. [PMID: 33115407 PMCID: PMC7594282 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus part of the commensal skin flora but emerge as an important opportunistic pathogen. Because iron limitation is a crucial stress during infectious process, we performed phenotypic study and compared proteomic profiles of this species incubated in absence and in presence of the iron chelator 2,2′-dipyridyl (DIP). Results No modification of cell morphology nor cell wall thickness were observed in presence of DIP. However iron-limitation condition promoted biofilm formation and reduced the ability to cope with oxidative stress (1 mM H2O2). In addition, S. lugdunensis N920143 cultured with DIP was significantly less virulent in the larvae of Galleria mellonella model of infection than that grown under standard conditions. We verified that these phenotypes were due to an iron limitation by complementation experiments with FeSO4. By mass spectrometry after trypsin digestion, we characterized the first iron-limitation stress proteome in S. lugdunensis. Among 1426 proteins identified, 349 polypeptides were differentially expressed. 222 were more and 127 less abundant in S. lugdunensis incubated in iron-limitation condition, and by RT-qPCR, some of the corresponding genes have been shown to be transcriptionally regulated. Our data revealed that proteins involved in iron metabolism and carriers were over-expressed, as well as several ABC transporters and polypeptides linked to cell wall metabolism. Conversely, enzymes playing a role in the oxidative stress response (especially catalase) were repressed. Conclusions This phenotypic and global proteomic study allowed characterization of the response of S. lugdunensis to iron-limitation. We showed that iron-limitation promoted biofilm formation, but decrease the oxidative stress resistance that may, at least in part, explained the reduced virulence of S. lugdunensis observed under low iron condition. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12866-020-02016-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Aubourg
- Université de Caen Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (équipe «Antibio-résistance»), CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Anne Dhalluin
- Université de Caen Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (équipe «Antibio-résistance»), CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - François Gravey
- Université de Caen Normandie, GRAM 2.0, CHU de Caen, Service de Microbiologie, Caen, France
| | - Marine Pottier
- Université de Caen Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (équipe «Antibio-résistance»), CHU de Caen, Caen, France.,Université de Caen Normandie, GRAM 2.0, CHU de Caen, Service de Microbiologie, Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Thomy
- Université de Caen Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (équipe «Antibio-résistance»), CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Benoit Bernay
- Plateforme Proteogen SFR ICORE 4206, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Didier Goux
- Centre de Microscopie Appliquée à la Biologie, Université de Caen Normandie IFR ICORE, Caen, France
| | - Matthieu Martineau
- Université de Caen Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (équipe «Antibio-résistance»), CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Giard
- Université de Caen Normandie, EA4655 U2RM (équipe «Antibio-résistance»), CHU de Caen, Caen, France.
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23
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Belikova D, Jochim A, Power J, Holden MTG, Heilbronner S. "Gene accordions" cause genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity in clonal populations of Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3526. [PMID: 32665571 PMCID: PMC7360770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene tandem amplifications are thought to drive bacterial evolution, but they are transient in the absence of selection, making their investigation challenging. Here, we analyze genomic sequences of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 isolates from the same geographical area to identify variations in gene copy number, which we confirm by long-read sequencing. We find several hotspots of variation, including the csa1 cluster encoding lipoproteins known to be immunogenic. We also show that the csa1 locus expands and contracts during bacterial growth in vitro and during systemic infection of mice, and recombination creates rapid heterogeneity in initially clonal cultures. Furthermore, csa1 copy number variants differ in their immunostimulatory capacity, revealing a mechanism by which gene copy number variation can modulate the host immune response. Gene tandem amplifications can drive bacterial evolution. Here, Belikova et al. identify copy number variations of lipoprotein-encoding genes in Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, and show that the loci expand and contract during bacterial growth in vitro and in mice, leading to changes in immunostimulatory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Belikova
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angelika Jochim
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Power
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Simon Heilbronner
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,(DFG) Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany.
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24
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Sun Z, Zhou D, Zhang X, Li Q, Lin H, Lu W, Liu H, Lu J, Lin X, Li K, Xu T, Bao Q, Zhang H. Determining the Genetic Characteristics of Resistance and Virulence of the "Epidermidis Cluster Group" Through Pan-Genome Analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:274. [PMID: 32596166 PMCID: PMC7303328 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus caprae, Staphylococcus capitis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis belong to the “Epidermidis Cluster Group” (ECG) and are generally opportunistic pathogens. In this work, whole genome sequencing, molecular cloning and pan-genome analysis were performed to investigate the genetic characteristics of the resistance, virulence and genome structures of 69 ECG strains, including a clinical isolate (S. caprae SY333) obtained in this work. Two resistance genes (blaZ and aadD2) encoded on the plasmids pSY333-41 and pSY333-45 of S. caprae SY333 were confirmed to be functional. The bla region in ECG exhibited three distinct structures, and these chromosome- and plasmid-encoded bla operons seemed to follow two different evolutionary paths. Pan-genome analysis revealed their pan-genomes tend to be “open.” For the virulence-related factors, the genes involved in primary attachment were observed almost exclusively in S. epidermidis, while the genes associated with intercellular aggregation were observed more frequently in S. caprae and S. capitis. The type VII secretion system was present in all strains of S. caprae and some of S. epidermidis but not in S. capitis. Moreover, the isd locus (iron regulated surface determinant) was first found to be encoded on the genomes of S. caprae and S. capitis. These findings suggested that the plasmid and chromosome encoded bla operons of ECG species underwent different evolution paths, as well as they differed in the abundance of virulence genes associated with adherence, invasion, secretion system and immune evasion. Identification of isd loci in S. caprae and S. capitis indicated their ability to acquire heme as nutrient iron during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Danying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hailong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongmao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junwan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Teng Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Qiyu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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25
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Jochim A, Adolf L, Belikova D, Schilling NA, Setyawati I, Chin D, Meyers S, Verhamme P, Heinrichs DE, Slotboom DJ, Heilbronner S. An ECF-type transporter scavenges heme to overcome iron-limitation in Staphylococcus lugdunensis. eLife 2020; 9:e57322. [PMID: 32515736 PMCID: PMC7299338 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy-coupling factor type transporters (ECF) represent trace nutrient acquisition systems. Substrate binding components of ECF-transporters are membrane proteins with extraordinary affinity, allowing them to scavenge trace amounts of ligand. A number of molecules have been described as substrates of ECF-transporters, but an involvement in iron-acquisition is unknown. Host-induced iron limitation during infection represents an effective mechanism to limit bacterial proliferation. We identified the iron-regulated ECF-transporter Lha in the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus lugdunensis and show that the transporter is specific for heme. The recombinant substrate-specific subunit LhaS accepted heme from diverse host-derived hemoproteins. Using isogenic mutants and recombinant expression of Lha, we demonstrate that its function is independent of the canonical heme acquisition system Isd and allows proliferation on human cells as sources of nutrient iron. Our findings reveal a unique strategy of nutritional heme acquisition and provide the first example of an ECF-transporter involved in overcoming host-induced nutritional limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Jochim
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Lea Adolf
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Darya Belikova
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | | | - Inda Setyawati
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Denny Chin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western OntarioLondonCanada
| | | | | | - David E Heinrichs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western OntarioLondonCanada
| | - Dirk J Slotboom
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Simon Heilbronner
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, University of TübingenTübingenGermany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site TübingenTübingenGermany
- (DFG) Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight InfectionsTübingenGermany
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26
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Complete genome sequence of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus lugdunensis strain and characteristics of its staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8682. [PMID: 32457307 PMCID: PMC7251135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Symptoms of Staphylococcus lugdunensis infection are often similar to those of Staphylococcus aureus infection, including skin and soft-tissue lesions, bacteremia and infective endocarditis. Despite the severity of these infections, S. lugdunensis is regarded as a less important pathogen than drug-resistant S. aureus. To investigate its ability to cause infectious diseases, a methicillin-resistant S. lugdunensis (MRSL) strain JICS135 was isolated from a patient with bacteremia and subjected to whole genome sequencing. Similar to most strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), this MRSL strain possessed the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) located close to the origin of replication. However, the SCCmec in this MRSL strain, with three ccr complexes, was structurally unique and currently untypable. Moreover, the SCCmec of this MRSL strain was found to carry two genes encoding microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMM)-like proteins accompanied by glycosyl transferases, one of which may have been derived from S. aureus and the other from S. epidermidis, indicating that this MRSL evolved to carry virulence factors from other staphylococci. The emergence of this strain, the first MRSL strain whose genome has been sequenced completely, may be of public concern.
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A Rapid Lysostaphin Production Approach and a Convenient Novel Lysostaphin Loaded Nano-emulgel; As a Sustainable Low-Cost Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Combating Platform. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030435. [PMID: 32178236 PMCID: PMC7175171 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive pathogen that is capable of infecting almost every organ in the human body. Alarmingly, the rapid emergence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus strains (MRSA) jeopardizes the available treatment options. Herein, we propose sustainable, low-cost production of recombinant lysostaphin (rLST), which is a native bacteriocin destroying the staphylococcal cell wall through its endopeptidase activity. We combined the use of E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET15b, factorial design, and simple Ni-NTA affinity chromatography to optimize rLST production. The enzyme yield was up to 50 mg/L culture, surpassing reported systems. Our rLST demonstrated superlative biofilm combating ability by inhibiting staphylococcal biofilms formation and detachment of already formed biofilms, compared to vancomycin and linezolid. Furthermore, we aimed at developing a novel rLST topical formula targeting staphylococcal skin infections. The phase inversion composition (PIC) method fulfilled this aim with its simple preparatory steps and affordable components. LST nano-emulgel (LNEG) was able to extend active LST release up to 8 h and cure skin infections in a murine skin model. We are introducing a rapid, convenient rLST production platform with an outcome of pure, active rLST incorporated into an effective LNEG formula with scaling-up potential to satisfy the needs of both research and therapeutic purposes.
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Becker K, Both A, Weißelberg S, Heilmann C, Rohde H. Emergence of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 18:349-366. [DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1730813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Becker
- Friedrich Loeffler-Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Both
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samira Weißelberg
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Heilmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Holger Rohde
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Dahyot S, Oxaran V, Niepceron M, Dupart E, Legris S, Destruel L, Didi J, Clamens T, Lesouhaitier O, Zerdoumi Y, Flaman JM, Pestel-Caron M. Role of the LytSR Two-Component Regulatory System in Staphylococcus lugdunensis Biofilm Formation and Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:39. [PMID: 32038604 PMCID: PMC6993578 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase negative Staphylococcus recognized as a virulent pathogen. It is responsible for a wide variety of infections, some of which are associated with biofilm production, such as implanted medical device infections or endocarditis. However, little is known about S. lugdunensis regulation of virulence factor expression. Two-component regulatory systems (TCS) play a critical role in bacterial adaptation, survival, and virulence. Among them, LytSR is widely conserved but has variable roles in different organisms, all connected to metabolism or cell death and lysis occurring during biofilm development. Therefore, we investigated here the functions of LytSR in S. lugdunensis pathogenesis. Deletion of lytSR in S. lugdunensis DSM 4804 strain did not alter either susceptibility to Triton X-100 induced autolysis or death induced by antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis. Interestingly, ΔlytSR biofilm was characterized by a lower biomass, a lack of tower structures, and a higher rate of dead cells compared to the wild-type strain. Virulence toward Caenorhabditis elegans using a slow-killing assay was significantly reduced for the mutant compared to the wild-type strain. By contrast, the deletion of lytSR had no effect on the cytotoxicity of S. lugdunensis toward the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Transcriptional analyses conducted at mid- and late-exponential phases showed that lytSR deletion affected the expression of 286 genes. Most of them were involved in basic functions such as the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides. Furthermore, LytSR appeared to be involved in the regulation of genes encoding known or putative virulence and colonization factors, including the fibrinogen-binding protein Fbl, the major autolysin AtlL, and the type VII secretion system. Overall, our data suggest that the LytSR TCS is implicated in S. lugdunensis pathogenesis, through its involvement in biofilm formation and potentially by the control of genes encoding putative virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Dahyot
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Department of Bacteriology, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Virginie Oxaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Maïté Niepceron
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Eddy Dupart
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphanie Legris
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Laurie Destruel
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Jennifer Didi
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Clamens
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Evreux, France
| | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Evreux, France
| | - Yasmine Zerdoumi
- INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Michel Flaman
- INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Martine Pestel-Caron
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Department of Bacteriology, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
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Lebeurre J, Dahyot S, Diene S, Paulay A, Aubourg M, Argemi X, Giard JC, Tournier I, François P, Pestel-Caron M. Comparative Genome Analysis of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Shows Clonal Complex-Dependent Diversity of the Putative Virulence Factor, ess/Type VII Locus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2479. [PMID: 31736914 PMCID: PMC6834553 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a commensal bacterium of human skin that has emerged as a virulent Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus in both community-acquired and healthcare associated infections. Genotyping methods have shown a clonal population structure of this pathogen but failed to identify hypervirulent lineages. Here, complete genomes of three pathogenic and three carriage S. lugdunensis strains were obtained by Single-Molecule sequencing (PacBio) and compared to 15 complete genomes available in GenBank database. The aim was to identify (i) genetic determinants specific to pathogenic or carriage strains or specific to clonal complexes (CCs) defined by MultiLocus Sequence Typing, and (ii) antibiotic resistance genes and new putative virulence factors encoded or not by mobile genetic elements (MGE). Comparative genomic analysis did not show a strict correlation between gene content and the ability of the six strains to cause infections in humans and in a Galleria mellonella infection model. However, this study identified new MGEs (five prophages, two genomic islands and one plasmid) and genetic variations of some putative virulence-associated loci, especially in CC3 strains. For a clonal population, high variability and eight CC-dependent genetic organizations were observed for the ess locus, which encodes a putative type VII secretion system (T7SS) homologous to that of S. aureus. Further phenotypic and functional studies are needed to characterize this particular CC3 and to evaluate the role of T7SS in the virulence of S. lugdunensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandrine Dahyot
- UNIROUEN, GRAM EA2656, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Seydina Diene
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Marion Aubourg
- EA4655 U2RM (Équipe Antibio-Résistance), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Xavier Argemi
- CHRU de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Institut de Bactériologie, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Giard
- EA4655 U2RM (Équipe Antibio-Résistance), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Isabelle Tournier
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Patrice François
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martine Pestel-Caron
- UNIROUEN, GRAM EA2656, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
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Dahyot S, Lebeurre J, Laumay F, Argemi X, Dubos C, Lemée L, Prévost G, François P, Pestel-Caron M. fbl-Typing of Staphylococcus lugdunensis: A Frontline Tool for Epidemiological Studies, but Not Predictive of Fibrinogen Binding Ability. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1109. [PMID: 31156610 PMCID: PMC6533592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is increasingly recognized as a potent pathogen, responsible for severe infections with an outcome resembling that of Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we developed and evaluated a tool for S. lugdunensis typing, using DNA sequence analysis of the repeat-encoding region (R-domain) in the gene encoding the fibrinogen (Fg)-binding protein Fbl (fbl-typing). We typed 240 S. lugdunensis isolates from various clinical and geographical origins. The length of the R-domain ranged from 9 to 52 repeats. fbl-typing identified 54 unique 18-bp repeat sequences and 92 distinct fbl-types. The discriminatory power of fbl-typing was higher than that of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and equivalent to that of tandem repeat sequence typing. fbl-types could assign isolates to MLST clonal complexes with excellent predictive power. The ability to promote adherence to immobilized human Fg was evaluated for 55 isolates chosen to reflect the genetic diversity of the fbl gene. We observed no direct correlation between Fg binding ability and fbl-types. However, the lowest percentage of Fg binding was observed for isolates carrying a 5'-end frameshift mutation of the fbl gene and for those harboring fewer than 43 repeats in the R-domain. qRT-PCR assays for some isolates revealed no correlation between fbl gene expression and Fg binding capacity. In conclusion, this study shows that fbl-typing is a useful tool in S. lugdunensis epidemiology, especially because it is an easy, cost-effective, rapid and portable method (http://fbl-typing.univ-rouen.fr/). The impact of fbl polymorphism on the structure of the protein, its expression on the cell surface and in virulence remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Dahyot
- UNIROUEN, GRAM EA2656, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | | | - Floriane Laumay
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Argemi
- VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Institut de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Charline Dubos
- UNIROUEN, GRAM EA2656, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Lemée
- UNIROUEN, GRAM EA2656, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Gilles Prévost
- VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Institut de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrice François
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martine Pestel-Caron
- UNIROUEN, GRAM EA2656, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
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Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Pathogenomics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051215. [PMID: 30862021 PMCID: PMC6429511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are skin commensal bacteria. Besides their role in maintaining homeostasis, CoNS have emerged as major pathogens in nosocomial settings. Several studies have investigated the molecular basis for this emergence and identified multiple putative virulence factors with regards to Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity. In the last decade, numerous CoNS whole-genome sequences have been released, leading to the identification of numerous putative virulence factors. Koch’s postulates and the molecular rendition of these postulates, established by Stanley Falkow in 1988, do not explain the microbial pathogenicity of CoNS. However, whole-genome sequence data has shed new light on CoNS pathogenicity. In this review, we analyzed the contribution of genomics in defining CoNS virulence, focusing on the most frequent and pathogenic CoNS species: S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. saprophyticus, S. capitis, and S. lugdunensis.
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Bacterial diversity obtained by culturable approaches in the gut of Glossina pallidipes population from a non sleeping sickness focus in Tanzania: preliminary results. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:164. [PMID: 30470192 PMCID: PMC6251091 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glossina pallidipes is a haematophagous insect that serves as a cyclic transmitter of trypanosomes causing African Trypanosomiasis (AT). To fully assess the role of G. pallidipes in the epidemiology of AT, especially the human form of the disease (HAT), it is essential to know the microbial diversity inhabiting the gut of natural fly populations. This study aimed to examine the diversity of G. pallidipes fly gut bacteria by culture-dependent approaches. RESULTS 113 bacterial isolates were obtained from aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms originating from the gut of G. pallidipes. 16S rDNA of each isolate was PCR amplified and sequenced. The overall majority of identified bacteria belonged in descending order to the Firmicutes (86.6%), Actinobacteria (7.6%), Proteobacteria (5.5%)and Bacteroidetes (0.3%). Diversity of Firmicutes was found higher when enrichments and isolation were performed under anaerobic conditions than aerobic ones. Experiments conducted in the absence of oxygen (anaerobiosis) led to the isolation of bacteria pertaining to four phyla (83% Firmicutes, 15% Actinobacteria, 1% Proteobacteria and 0.5% Bacteroidetes, whereas those conducted in the presence of oxygen (aerobiosis) led to the isolation of bacteria affiliated to two phyla only (90% Firmicutes and 10% Proteobacteria). Phylogenetic analyses placed these isolates into 11 genera namely Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Mesorhizobium, Paracoccus, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Arthrobacter, Corynobacterium, Curtobacterium, Vagococcus and Dietzia spp.which are known to be either facultative anaerobes, aerobes, or even microaerobes. CONCLUSION This study shows that G. pallidipes fly gut is an environmental reservoir for a vast number of bacterial species, which are likely to be important for ecological microbial well being of the fly and possibly on differing vectorial competence and refractoriness against AT epidemiology.
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Flannagan RS, Watson DW, Surewaard BGJ, Kubes P, Heinrichs DE. The surreptitious survival of the emerging pathogen Staphylococcus lugdunensis within macrophages as an immune evasion strategy. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12869. [PMID: 29904997 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a commensal bacterium that can cause serious infection suggesting an ability to circumvent aspects of host immunity. We demonstrate here that macrophages fail to kill ingested S. lugdunensis and the bacteria persist for extended periods, without replicating, within mature LAMP-1-positive phagolysosomes. Phagocytosed S. lugdunensis also do not intoxicate host cells in contrast to Staphylococcus aureus. Optimal survival of S. lugdunensis requires O-acetylated peptidoglycan because an oatA mutant, which is more sensitive to killing by lysozyme than wild type, survived to a lesser extent in macrophages. In vitro models of macrophage infection reveal that viable intracellular S. lugdunensis bacteria can be made to grow by pharmacologic perturbation of phagosome function or by phagocyte intoxication by S. aureus toxins. Remarkably, replicating S. lugdunensis is not constrained by LAMP-1 and phosphatidylserine-positive endomembranes, which is distinct from S. aureus that replicates within phagolysosomes. In vivo, S. lugdunensis can also reside in the murine Kupffer cell where the bacteria persist without replicating and require oatA to resist killing in vivo. The intracellular environment of the macrophage represents a niche where S. lugdunensis can exist while protected from extracellular immune factors and may serve as a reservoir from which these bacteria could disseminate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Flannagan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Watson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bas G J Surewaard
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David E Heinrichs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Argemi X, Matelska D, Ginalski K, Riegel P, Hansmann Y, Bloom J, Pestel-Caron M, Dahyot S, Lebeurre J, Prévost G. Comparative genomic analysis of Staphylococcus lugdunensis shows a closed pan-genome and multiple barriers to horizontal gene transfer. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:621. [PMID: 30126366 PMCID: PMC6102843 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are commensal bacteria on human skin. Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a unique CoNS which produces various virulence factors and may, like S. aureus, cause severe infections, particularly in hospital settings. Unlike other staphylococci, it remains highly susceptible to antimicrobials, and genome-based phylogenetic studies have evidenced a highly conserved genome that distinguishes it from all other staphylococci. Results We demonstrate that S. lugdunensis possesses a closed pan-genome with a very limited number of new genes, in contrast to other staphylococci that have an open pan-genome. Whole-genome nucleotide and amino acid identity levels are also higher than in other staphylococci. We identified numerous genetic barriers to horizontal gene transfer that might explain this result. The S. lugdunensis genome has multiple operons encoding for restriction-modification, CRISPR/Cas and toxin/antitoxin systems. We also identified a new PIN-like domain-associated protein that might belong to a larger operon, comprising a metalloprotease, that could function as a new toxin/antitoxin or detoxification system. Conclusion We show that S. lugdunensis has a unique genome profile within staphylococci, with a closed pan-genome and several systems to prevent horizontal gene transfer. Its virulence in clinical settings does not rely on its ability to acquire and exchange antibiotic resistance genes or other virulence factors as shown for other staphylococci. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4978-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Argemi
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpitaux Universitaires, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France. .,Université de Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, EA 7290, Virulence Bactérienne Précoce, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Dorota Matelska
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ginalski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Philippe Riegel
- Université de Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, EA 7290, Virulence Bactérienne Précoce, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Hansmann
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpitaux Universitaires, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, EA 7290, Virulence Bactérienne Précoce, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jochen Bloom
- Bioinformatics & Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Martine Pestel-Caron
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, GRAM EA2656, Rouen University Hospital, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Sandrine Dahyot
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, GRAM EA2656, Rouen University Hospital, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jérémie Lebeurre
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, GRAM EA2656, Rouen University Hospital, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Gilles Prévost
- Université de Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, EA 7290, Virulence Bactérienne Précoce, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
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Multiple-Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) and Tandem Repeat Sequence Typing (TRST), helpful tools for subtyping Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11669. [PMID: 30076395 PMCID: PMC6076266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an emergent virulent coagulase-negative Staphylococcus that is increasingly responsible for severe infections. In an attempt to generate informative sequence data for subtyping S. lugdunensis, we selected and sequenced seven polymorphic variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) to develop two new methods: a classic length-based multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) method and a tandem repeat sequence typing (TRST) method. We assessed their performances compared to two existing methods, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multivirulence-locus sequence typing (MVLST) for 128 isolates from diverse clinical settings and geographical origins. The clustering achieved by the four methods was highly congruent, with MLVA discriminating within clonal complexes as defined by MLST. Indeed, MLVA was highly discriminant compared to MLST and MVLST in terms of number of genotypes as well as diversity indexes. Sequencing of the seven VNTRs showed that they were stable, and analysis of sequence polymorphisms provided superior discriminatory power. The typeability, reproducibility, and epidemiological concordance of these new methods were excellent. Of note, no link between clustering and clinical settings was identified. This study demonstrates that MLVA and TRST provide valuable information for molecular epidemiological study of S. lugdunensis, and represent promising tools to distinguish between strains of homogenous lineages in this clonal species.
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Paharik AE, Parlet CP, Chung N, Todd DA, Rodriguez EI, Van Dyke MJ, Cech NB, Horswill AR. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Strain Prevents Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Skin Infection by Blocking Quorum Sensing. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 22:746-756.e5. [PMID: 29199097 PMCID: PMC5897044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Staphylococcus aureus are part of the natural flora of humans and other mammals. We found that spent media from the CoNS species Staphylococcus caprae can inhibit agr-mediated quorum sensing by all classes of S. aureus. A biochemical assessment of the inhibitory activity suggested that the S. caprae autoinducing peptide (AIP) was responsible, and mass spectrometric analysis identified the S. caprae AIP as an eight-residue peptide (YSTCSYYF). Using a murine model of intradermal MRSA infection, the therapeutic efficacy of synthetic S. caprae AIP was evident by a dramatic reduction in both dermonecrotic injury and cutaneous bacterial burden relative to controls. Competition experiments between S. caprae and MRSA demonstrated a significant reduction in MRSA burden using murine models of both skin colonization and intradermal infection. Our findings indicate that important interactions occur between commensals that can impact disease outcomes and potentially shape the composition of the natural flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Paharik
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Corey P Parlet
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nadjali Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Daniel A Todd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Emilio I Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael J Van Dyke
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nadja B Cech
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Veterans Affairs Denver Health Care System, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Argemi X, Martin V, Loux V, Dahyot S, Lebeurre J, Guffroy A, Martin M, Velay A, Keller D, Riegel P, Hansmann Y, Paul N, Prévost G. Whole-Genome Sequencing of Seven Strains of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Allows Identification of Mobile Genetic Elements. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:3746526. [PMID: 28444231 PMCID: PMC5425232 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase negative staphylococci are normal inhabitant of the human skin flora that account for an increasing number of infections, particularly hospital-acquired infections. Staphylococcus lugdunensis has emerged as a most virulent species causing various infections with clinical characteristics close to what clinicians usually observe with Staphylococcus aureus and both bacteria share more than 70% of their genome. Virulence of S. aureus relies on a large repertoire of virulence factors, many of which are encoded on mobile genetic elements. S. lugdunensis also bears various putative virulence genes but only one complete genome with extensive analysis has been published with one prophage sequence (φSL2) and a unique plasmid was previously described. In this study, we performed de novo sequencing, whole genome assembly and annotation of seven strains of S. lugdunensis from VISLISI clinical trial. We searched for the presence of virulence genes and mobile genetics elements using bioinformatics tools. We identified four new prophages, named φSL2 to φSL4, belonging to the Siphoviridae class and five plasmids, named pVISLISI_1 to pVISLISI_5. Three plasmids are homologous to known plasmids that include, amongst others, one S. aureus plasmid. The two other plasmids were not described previously. This study provides a new context for the study of S. lugdunensis virulence suggesting the occurrence of several genetic recombination’ with other staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Argemi
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, CHRU de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Institut de bactériologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Martin
- INRA - Unité Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées, du Genome à l'Environnement (MaIAGE), Jouy-en Josas, France
| | - Valentin Loux
- INRA - Unité Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées, du Genome à l'Environnement (MaIAGE), Jouy-en Josas, France
| | - Sandrine Dahyot
- Laboratoire GRAM EA2656, Université de Rouen - IRIB UFR Médecine-Pharmacie Batiment Recherche, Rouen, France
| | - Jérémie Lebeurre
- Laboratoire GRAM EA2656, Université de Rouen - IRIB UFR Médecine-Pharmacie Batiment Recherche, Rouen, France
| | - Aurélien Guffroy
- Service d'Immunologie Clinique et de Médecine Interne, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Rares, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UPR 3572, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique/Equipe, Tolérance Cellulaire B et Auto-immunité, Laboratoire d'excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Mickael Martin
- Service d'Immunologie Clinique et de Médecine Interne, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Rares, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UPR 3572, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique/Equipe, Tolérance Cellulaire B et Auto-immunité, Laboratoire d'excellence Medalis, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurélie Velay
- Virology Laboratory, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,2-INSERM, UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Keller
- Université de Strasbourg, CHRU de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Institut de bactériologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Riegel
- Université de Strasbourg, CHRU de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Institut de bactériologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Hansmann
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, CHRU de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Institut de bactériologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicodème Paul
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Plateforme GENOMAX, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Prévost
- Université de Strasbourg, CHRU de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Institut de bactériologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
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Krismer B, Weidenmaier C, Zipperer A, Peschel A. The commensal lifestyle of Staphylococcus aureus and its interactions with the nasal microbiota. Nat Rev Microbiol 2017; 15:675-687. [PMID: 29021598 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although human colonization by facultative bacterial pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, represents a major risk factor for invasive infections, the commensal lifestyle of such pathogens has remained a neglected area of research. S. aureus colonizes the nares of approximately 30% of the human population and recent studies suggest that the composition of highly variable nasal microbiota has a major role in promoting or inhibiting S. aureus colonization. Competition for epithelial attachment sites or limited nutrients, different susceptibilities to host defence molecules and the production of antimicrobial molecules may determine whether nasal bacteria outcompete each other. In this Review, we discuss recent insights into mechanisms that are used by S. aureus to prevail in the human nose and the counter-strategies that are used by other nasal bacteria to interfere with its colonization. Understanding such mechanisms will be crucial for the development of new strategies for the eradication of endogenous facultative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Krismer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Weidenmaier
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Zipperer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Argemi X, Dahyot S, Lebeurre J, Hansmann Y, Ronde Oustau C, Prévost G. Staphylococcus lugdunensis small colony variant conversion resulting in chronic prosthetic joint infection. Med Mal Infect 2017; 47:498-501. [PMID: 28943172 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Argemi
- Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpitaux universitaires, 67000 Strasbourg, France; EA7290 virulence bactérienne précoce, fédération de médecine translationnelle, université de Strasbourg, hôpitaux universitaires, Strasbourg, France.
| | - S Dahyot
- Laboratoire GRAM EA2656, UFR médecine pharmacie, université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - J Lebeurre
- Laboratoire GRAM EA2656, UFR médecine pharmacie, université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Y Hansmann
- Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpitaux universitaires, 67000 Strasbourg, France; EA7290 virulence bactérienne précoce, fédération de médecine translationnelle, université de Strasbourg, hôpitaux universitaires, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Ronde Oustau
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique, CCOM, hôpitaux universitaires, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - G Prévost
- EA7290 virulence bactérienne précoce, fédération de médecine translationnelle, université de Strasbourg, hôpitaux universitaires, Strasbourg, France
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Abstract
The implication of coagulase-negative staphylococci in human diseases is a major issue, particularly in hospital settings wherein these species often act as opportunistic pathogens. In addition, some coagulase-negative staphylococci such as S. lugdunensis have emerged as pathogenic bacteria, implicated in severe infections, particularly, osteoarticular infections, foreign-body-associated infections, bacteremia, and endocarditis. In vitro studies have shown the presence of several putative virulence factors such as adhesion factors, biofilm production, and proteolytic factors that might explain clinical manifestations. Taken together, the clinical and microbiological data might change the way clinicians and microbiologists look at S. lugdunensis in clinical samples.
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Abstract
The staphylococci comprise a diverse genus of Gram-positive, nonmotile commensal organisms that inhabit the skin and mucous membranes of humans and other mammals. In general, staphylococci are benign members of the natural flora, but many species have the capacity to be opportunistic pathogens, mainly infecting individuals who have medical device implants or are otherwise immunocompromised. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are major sources of hospital-acquired infections and are the most common causes of surgical site infections and medical device-associated bloodstream infections. The ability of staphylococci to form biofilms in vivo makes them highly resistant to chemotherapeutics and leads to chronic diseases. These biofilm infections include osteomyelitis, endocarditis, medical device infections, and persistence in the cystic fibrosis lung. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of our current understanding of staphylococcal biofilm formation, with an emphasis on adhesins and regulation, while also addressing how staphylococcal biofilms interact with the immune system. On the whole, this review will provide a thorough picture of biofilm formation of the staphylococcus genus and how this mode of growth impacts the host.
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Heparin Mimics Extracellular DNA in Binding to Cell Surface-Localized Proteins and Promoting Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation. mSphere 2017; 2:mSphere00135-17. [PMID: 28656173 PMCID: PMC5480030 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00135-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the leading causes of catheter implant infections. Identifying the factors that stimulate catheter infection and the mechanism involved is important for preventing such infections. Heparin, the main component of catheter lock solutions, has been shown previously to stimulate S. aureus biofilm formation through an unknown pathway. This work identifies multiple heparin-binding proteins in S. aureus, and it reveals a potential mechanism through which heparin enhances biofilm capacity. Understanding the details of the heparin enhancement effect could guide future use of appropriate lock solutions for catheter implants. Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of catheter-related bloodstream infections. Biofilms form on these implants and are held together by a matrix composed of proteins, polysaccharides, and extracellular DNA (eDNA). Heparin is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan that is routinely used in central venous catheters to prevent thrombosis, but it has been shown to stimulate S. aureus biofilm formation through an unknown mechanism. Data presented here reveal that heparin enhances biofilm capacity in many S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains, and it is incorporated into the USA300 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) biofilm matrix. The S. aureus USA300 biofilms containing heparin are sensitive to proteinase K treatment, which suggests that proteins have an important structural role during heparin incorporation. Multiple heparin-binding proteins were identified by proteomics of the secreted and cell wall fractions. Proteins known to contribute to biofilm were identified, and some proteins were reported to have the ability to bind eDNA, such as the major autolysin (Atl) and the immunodominant surface protein B (IsaB). Mutants defective in IsaB showed a moderate decrease in biofilm capacity in the presence of heparin. Our findings suggested that heparin is substituting for eDNA during S. aureus biofilm development. To test this model, eDNA content was increased in biofilms through inactivation of nuclease activity, and the heparin enhancement effect was attenuated. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that S. aureus can incorporate heparin into the matrix and enhance biofilm capacity by taking advantage of existing eDNA-binding proteins. IMPORTANCEStaphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the leading causes of catheter implant infections. Identifying the factors that stimulate catheter infection and the mechanism involved is important for preventing such infections. Heparin, the main component of catheter lock solutions, has been shown previously to stimulate S. aureus biofilm formation through an unknown pathway. This work identifies multiple heparin-binding proteins in S. aureus, and it reveals a potential mechanism through which heparin enhances biofilm capacity. Understanding the details of the heparin enhancement effect could guide future use of appropriate lock solutions for catheter implants.
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Kinetics of biofilm formation by Staphylococcus lugdunensis strains in bone and joint infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 88:298-304. [PMID: 28529089 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical presentation and 1-year follow-up of patients with bone and joint infections (BJIs) caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis and evaluate its biofilm-forming capacities. PATIENTS AND METHODS Overall, 28 patients with BJIs from VISLISI clinical trials were included. We evaluated 1-year clinical follow-up and analyzed biofilm production kinetics of the 28 strains using the BioFilm Ring Test®. RESULTS Of all patients, 12 had osteoarticular infections without material and 16 had prosthetic joint infections, of which 9 underwent a 1-stage revision procedure. At the 1-year follow-up, all patients were cured but needed a surgical intervention. Diabetes affected 46.4% of all patients. Of all, 20 strains (71.4%) started biofilm formation within 2 h, but all strains started the formation after 4 h experiment, and 25 strains (89.3%) reached a maximum after 6 h. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the clinical and surgical management of BJIs caused by S. lugdunensis and shows that 1-stage prosthesis exchange procedures may be efficient. Further, It shows that biofilm production by this strain was not marginal and directly impacted clinical and surgical management.
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Argemi X, Prévost G, Riegel P, Keller D, Meyer N, Baldeyrou M, Douiri N, Lefebvre N, Meghit K, Ronde Oustau C, Christmann D, Cianférani S, Strub JM, Hansmann Y. VISLISI trial, a prospective clinical study allowing identification of a new metalloprotease and putative virulence factor from Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 23:334.e1-334.e8. [PMID: 28017792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus that displays an unusually high virulence rate close to that of Staphylococcus aureus. It also shares phenotypic properties with S. aureus and several studies found putative virulence factors. The objective of the study was to describe the clinical manifestations of S. lugdunensis infections and investigate putative virulence factors. METHOD We conducted a prospective study from November 2013 to March 2016 at the University Hospital of Strasbourg. Putative virulence factors were investigated by clumping factor detection, screening for proteolytic activity, and sequence analysis using tandem nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS In total, 347 positive samples for S. lugdunensis were collected, of which 129 (37.2%) were from confirmed cases of S. lugdunensis infection. Eighty-one of these 129 patients were included in the study. Bone and prosthetic joints (PJI) were the most frequent sites of infection (n=28; 34.6%) followed by skin and soft tissues (n=23; 28.4%). We identified and purified a novel protease secreted by 50 samples (61.7%), most frequently associated with samples from deep infections and PJI (pr 0.97 and pr 0.91, respectively). Protease peptide sequencing by nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed a novel protease bearing 62.42% identity with ShpI, a metalloprotease secreted by Staphylococcus hyicus. CONCLUSION This study confirms the pathogenicity of S. lugdunensis, particularly in bone and PJI. We also identified a novel metalloprotease called lugdulysin that may contribute to virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Argemi
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, CHRU de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Institut de Bactériologie, 3 Rue Koeberlé, Strasbourg, France.
| | - G Prévost
- Université de Strasbourg, CHRU de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Institut de Bactériologie, 3 Rue Koeberlé, Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Riegel
- Université de Strasbourg, CHRU de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Institut de Bactériologie, 3 Rue Koeberlé, Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - D Keller
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - N Meyer
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Service de Santé Publique, Strasbourg, France
| | - M Baldeyrou
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg, France
| | - N Douiri
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg, France
| | - N Lefebvre
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg, France
| | - K Meghit
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Immunologie Clinique, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Ronde Oustau
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, CCOM, Strasbourg, France
| | - D Christmann
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, CHRU de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Institut de Bactériologie, 3 Rue Koeberlé, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Département des Sciences Analytiques, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 (CNRS-UdS), Strasbourg, France
| | - J M Strub
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Département des Sciences Analytiques, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 (CNRS-UdS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Y Hansmann
- Hôpitaux Universitaires, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, CHRU de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Institut de Bactériologie, 3 Rue Koeberlé, Strasbourg, France
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Non LR, Santos CAQ. The occurrence of infective endocarditis with Staphylococcus lugdunensis bacteremia: A retrospective cohort study and systematic review. J Infect 2016; 74:179-186. [PMID: 27777118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus with similar virulence characteristics as Staphylococcus aureus. Whether S. lugdunensis causes infective endocarditis (IE) in a similar proportion of cases as S. aureus (reported to be 12.6% in a definitive multicenter prospective study) is unclear. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with at least one blood culture positive for S. lugdunensis at our institution from January 2006 to December 2014. We examined microbiology data, ascertained disease severity and determined the proportion of patients with definite or possible IE based on the 2000 Modified Duke Criteria. Because coagulase-negative staphylococci were routinely identified to the species level at our institution from 2012 onwards, we determined the proportion of patients with definite or possible IE before and after implementation of routine speciation. We also compared our results with reported proportions of IE among patients with S. lugdunensis bacteremia (SLB) in other institutions by conducting a systematic review of the scientific literature. Nonparametric bootstrapping methods were performed to determine 95% confidence intervals (CI) for proportions of IE in patients with SLB. RESULTS Seventy-four patients with SLB were identified, of whom 64% (47/74) had sepsis by SIRS criteria, and 18% (13/74) had severe illness by Pittsburgh bacteremia score (PBS). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that one-year survival among patients with severe illness was worse than patients with non-severe illness (p = 0.02). Fifteen percent (11/74) of patients had definite or possible IE (95% CI 6.8-23.0%). The proportion of SLB patients with definite or possible IE was 15.8% (6/38, 95% CI 5.3-28.9%) prior to routine speciation and 13.9% (5/36, 95% CI 2.8-27.8%) after routine speciation (p = 0.71). Among patients with at least two positive blood cultures for S. lugdunensis, 25% (10/40, 95% CI 12.5-40.0%) had IE. Systematic review of the literature yielded eight relevant retrospective studies. Of studies that included patients with one or more positive blood cultures for S. lugdunensis, the proportion of IE ranged from 6.3% to 27.0%. CONCLUSION The proportion of definite or possible IE among patients with SLB is similar to the proportion of IE among patients with S. aureus bacteremia. The proportions of IE among patients with SLB at other institutions fall within the 95% CI yielded by bootstrapping. Our findings suggest that growth of S. lugdunensis in two separate blood cultures should prompt consideration of workup for IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemuel R Non
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Carlos A Q Santos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Gordon CP, Olson SD, Lister JL, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR. Truncated Autoinducing Peptides as Antagonists of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Quorum Sensing. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8879-8888. [PMID: 27585401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Competitive quorum sensing (QS) antagonism offers a novel strategy for attenuating current multidrug resistant staphylococcal infections. To this end, a series of 10 truncated analogues based on the parent autoinducing peptides (AIPs) of Staphylococcus lugdunensis (groups I and II) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (groups I-III) were sequentially assessed against a newly developed Staphylococcus lugdunensis group I QS reporter strain. The truncated analogues based upon Staphylococcus lugdunensis AIP-1 (1) and AIP-2 (2) displayed respective IC50 values of 0.2 ± 0.01 μM and 0.3 ± 0.01 μM, while the truncated analogue of the Staphylococcus epidermidis AIP-1 (3) elicited an IC50 value of 2.7 ± 0.1 μM. These findings demonstrate the potential of cognate and "crosstalk" competitive quorum sensing inhibition using truncated AIPs as a means of attenuating staphylococcal infections in species beyond Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Gordon
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University , Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South Dc, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Shondra D Olson
- Department of Microbiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jessica L Lister
- Department of Microbiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Kavanaugh
- Department of Microbiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Microbiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Chen J, Dong H, Murfin KE, Feng C, Wu S, Zheng B. Active site analysis of sortase A from Staphylococcus simulans indicates function in cleavage of putative cell wall proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1653-9. [PMID: 27591898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sortase mediated transpeptidation reactions play a significant role in covalent attachment of surface proteins to the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Earlier studies have shown that sortase A (StrA) is required for the virulence of Staphylococci. The human pathogen Staphylococcus simulans CJ16 carries a putative sortase A (SsiStrA) encoding gene, but neither transpeptidation activity nor biochemical characteristics of SsiStrA have been investigated. Here, we identified and characterized StrA from coagulase-negative Staphylococci. SsiStrA was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 in a soluble form. Size-exclusion chromatography, cross-linking and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that SsiStrA existed as monomer-dimer equilibrium in vitro. We further demonstrated that SsiStrA has sortase activity, and it recognized and cleaved the sorting motif LXPTG. H117, C180 and R193 residues were critical for enzyme activity, and calcium ions enhanced activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kristen E Murfin
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Chunyan Feng
- Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqiang Wu
- Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China.
| | - Beiwen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Heilbronner S, Monk IR, Brozyna JR, Heinrichs DE, Skaar EP, Peschel A, Foster TJ. Competing for Iron: Duplication and Amplification of the isd Locus in Staphylococcus lugdunensis HKU09-01 Provides a Competitive Advantage to Overcome Nutritional Limitation. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006246. [PMID: 27575058 PMCID: PMC5004866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase negative bacterial pathogen that is particularly associated with severe cases of infectious endocarditis. Unique amongst the coagulase-negative staphylococci, S. lugdunensis harbors an iron regulated surface determinant locus (isd). This locus facilitates the acquisition of heme as a source of nutrient iron during infection and allows iron limitation caused by “nutritional immunity” to be overcome. The isd locus is duplicated in S. lugdunensis HKU09-01 and we show here that the duplication is intrinsically unstable and undergoes accordion-like amplification and segregation leading to extensive isd copy number variation. Amplification of the locus increased the level of expression of Isd proteins and improved binding of hemoglobin to the cell surface of S. lugdunensis. Furthermore, Isd overexpression provided an advantage when strains were competing for a limited amount of hemoglobin as the sole source of iron. Gene duplications and amplifications (GDA) are events of fundamental importance for bacterial evolution and are frequently associated with antibiotic resistance in many species. As such, GDAs are regarded as evolutionary adaptions to novel selective pressures in hostile environments pointing towards a special importance of isd for S. lugdunensis. For the first time we show an example of a GDA that involves a virulence factor of a Gram-positive pathogen and link the GDA directly to a competitive advantage when the bacteria were struggling with selective pressures mimicking “nutritional immunity”. Sometimes changing environmental conditions force bacteria to boost protein expression above the level that can be achieved by transcriptional or translational control. Gene duplication and amplification (GDA) represents a simple and effective means to augment protein expression and is frequently associated with the development of resistance against antibacterial agents. As such GDAs can be seen as recent evolutionary adaptions towards novel selective pressures within the environment. We describe herein the GDA of the isd locus in a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus lugdunensis a bacterial species frequently associated with infectious endocarditis. This amplification made individual lineages significantly more successful when competing for the trace element iron supplied in the form of hemoglobin (hb). Human body fluids are actively depleted of iron to prevent bacterial proliferation and hb represents the most abundant iron source during infection. This deepens our understanding about adaption processes of pathogens and demonstrates how selective pressures drive the evolution of pathogens to become more successful. This study suggests that investigating GDAs in clinical isolates can help to identify chromosomal regions that are of special importance for bacterial fitness under changing environmental conditions. The gene products can therefore represent attractive targets for novel antibiotics supporting the natural immune defenses by targeting the vulnerable spots of the bacterial anti-immunity strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Heilbronner
- Microbiology Department, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Ian R. Monk
- Microbiology Department, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy R. Brozyna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E. Heinrichs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric P. Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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50
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Human commensals producing a novel antibiotic impair pathogen colonization. Nature 2016; 535:511-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nature18634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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