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Yang Q, Xie J, Li Z, Zhai C, Sheng M, Li S, Gao M. Association between sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in college students. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:1583-1601. [PMID: 38503424 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2024.2331491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Suicide among college students is a challenging problem globally. Yet, the association between sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation remains unclear. This study aims to understand if depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between sleep quality and suicide ideation and whether the interaction between depressive symptoms and sleep quality on suicidal ideation is additive. A total of 1182 college students were recruited, and sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation were assessed using questionnaires. Univariate analysis, logistic regression analysis, linear regression models, and the Sobel test were performed. The results showed that, among college students, poor sleep quality was positively associated with suicidal ideation, and the association was mediated through depressive symptoms. Moreover, there was a significant additive interaction between poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms on suicidal ideation. These findings suggest that, in the process of preventing and treating suicidal ideation in college students with sleep disorders, we should focus on the evaluation and intervention of depressive symptoms and adopt multidisciplinary team interventions for college students with sleep disorders and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yang
- Medical School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiafan Xie
- Medical School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zehan Li
- Medical School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Chenxiao Zhai
- Medical School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Meiyan Sheng
- Medical School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shengpeng Li
- Medical School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Mengqian Gao
- Medical School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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Marco M, López-Quílez A, Sánchez-Sáez F, Escobar-Hernández P, Montagud-Andrés M, Lila M, Gracia E. The Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Suicide-related Emergency Calls in a European City: Age and Gender Patterns, and Neighborhood Influences. PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION 2024; 33:103-115. [PMID: 38706710 PMCID: PMC11066811 DOI: 10.5093/pi2024a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis of suicide-related emergency calls in the city of Valencia (Spain) over a six-year period. To this end we first examined age and gender patterns and, second, the influence of neighborhood characteristics on general and gender-specific spatio-temporal patterns of suicide-related emergency calls. Method: Geocoded data on suicide-related emergency calls between 2017 and 2022 (N = 10,030) were collected from the 112 emergency service in Valencia. Data were aggregated at the census block group level, used as a proxy for neighborhoods, and trimesters were considered as the temporal unit. Two set of analyses were performed: (1) demographic (age and gender) and temporal descriptive analyses and (2) general and gender-specific Bayesian spatio-temporal autoregressive models. Results: Descriptive analyses revealed a higher incidence of suicide-related emergency calls among females and an increase in calls among the 18-23 age group from 2020 onwards. The general spatio-temporal model showed higher levels of suicide-related emergency calls in neighborhoods characterized by lower education levels and population density, and higher residential mobility, aging population, and immigrant concentration. Relevant gender differences were also observed. A seasonal effect was noted, with a peak in calls during spring for females and summer for males. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for comprehensive mental health targeted interventions and preventive strategies that account for gender-specific disparities, age-related vulnerabilities, and the specific characteristics of neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Marco
- University of ValenciaDepartment of Social PsychologyValenciaSpainDepartment of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Spain;
| | - Antonio López-Quílez
- University of ValenciaDepartment of Statistics and Operational ResearchValenciaSpainDepartment of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Spain;
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Sáez
- Universidad Internacional de La RiojaSchool of Engineering and TechnologySpainSchool of Engineering and Technology (ESIT), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Spain
| | - Pablo Escobar-Hernández
- University of ValenciaDepartment of Statistics and Operational ResearchValenciaSpainDepartment of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Spain;
| | - María Montagud-Andrés
- University of ValenciaDepartment of Social PsychologyValenciaSpainDepartment of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Spain;
| | - Marisol Lila
- University of ValenciaDepartment of Social PsychologyValenciaSpainDepartment of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Spain;
| | - Enrique Gracia
- University of ValenciaDepartment of Social PsychologyValenciaSpainDepartment of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Spain;
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Wu Q, Xing X, Yang M, Bai Z, He Q, Cheng Q, Hu J, Wang H, Fan Y, Su H, Liu Z, Cheng J. Increased Suicide Mortality and Reduced Life Expectancy Associated With Ambient Heat Exposure. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:780-788. [PMID: 38311191 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ambient heat exposure is a risk factor for suicide in many regions of the world. However, little is known about the extent to which life expectancy has been shortened by heat-related suicide deaths. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of heat on suicide mortality and quantify the reduced life expectancy associated with heat in China. METHODS A time-stratified, case-crossover analysis in 2023 was performed during the warm season (May to September) from 2016 to 2020 to assess the short-term association between extreme heat (the 95th percentile of mean temperature) and suicide mortality in Anhui Province, China. A subgroup analysis was performed according to sex, age, marital status, suicide type, and region. The attributable fraction and years of life lost due to heat were calculated, and the heat-related life expectancy loss was estimated. RESULTS This study included 9,642 suicide deaths, with an average age of 62.4 years and 58.8% of suicides in males. Suicide risk was associated with an 80.7% increase (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.4%-68.9%) after exposure to extreme heat (30.6°C) in comparison to daily minimum temperature (7.9°C). Subgroup analysis revealed that heat-related suicide risk was more prominent in the married population than in the unmarried population. Heat was estimated to be associated with 31.7% (95% CI: 18.0%-43.2%) of the suicides, corresponding to 7.0 years of loss in life expectancy for each decedent. CONCLUSIONS Heat exposure was associated with an increased risk of suicide and reduced life expectancy. However, further prospective studies are required to confirm this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Xiuya Xing
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China; Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongliang Bai
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qin He
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China; Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Qianyao Cheng
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China; Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jingyao Hu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China; Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China; Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yinguang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China; Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China.
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Hatton VR, Clark E, Huber RS. Temporal Patterns in Youth Suicide Deaths Reported in the National Violent Death Reporting System. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:1049-1052. [PMID: 38402474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicide is a leading cause of death in children and adolescents. Prevention efforts may benefit from examining temporal patterns and precipitating circumstances of youth suicide deaths. The purpose of this study was to investigate if there are distinct temporal patterns of suicide death for youth. METHODS We examined the distributions of suicide deaths across months of the year and days of the week in youth ages 10-18 using data from the National Violent Death Reporting System. RESULTS We found that youth suicides peaked during March, April, and October on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. When disaggregated by separate years of age, we discovered unique patterns in 18-year-olds and 10-year-olds. Suicides peaked during July for 18-year-olds and on Saturday for 10-year-olds. DISCUSSION These findings suggest a need to examine temporal patterns by separate years of age, as grouping ages together may mask unique trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Hatton
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Elaine Clark
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rebekah S Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Center for Mental Health Innovation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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Jiang Z, Lin Z, Li Z, Yu M, He G, Hu J, Meng R, Hou Z, Zhu S, Zhou C, Xiao Y, Huang B, Xu X, Jin D, Qin M, Xu Y, Liu T, Ma W. Joint effects of heat-humidity compound events on drowning mortality in Southern China. Inj Prev 2024:ip-2023-045036. [PMID: 38443161 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several previous studies have examined the association of ambient temperature with drowning. However, no study has investigated the effects of heat-humidity compound events on drowning mortality. METHODS The drowning mortality data and meteorological data during the five hottest months (May to September) were collected from 46 cities in Southern China (2013-2018 in Guangdong, Hunan and Zhejiang provinces). Distributed lag non-linear model was first conducted to examine the association between heat-humidity compound events and drowning mortality at city level. Then, meta-analysis was employed to pool the city-specific exposure-response associations. Finally, we analysed the additive interaction of heat and humidity on drowning mortality. RESULTS Compared with wet-non-hot days, dry-hot days had greater effects (excess rate (ER)=32.34%, 95% CI: 24.64 to 40.50) on drowning mortality than wet-hot days (ER=14.38%, 95%CI: 6.80 to 22.50). During dry-hot days, males (ER=42.40%, 95% CI: 31.92 to 53.72), adolescents aged 0-14 years (ER=45.00%, 95% CI: 21.98 to 72.35) and urban city (ER=36.91%, 95% CI: 23.87 to 51.32) showed higher drowning mortality risk than their counterparts. For wet-hot days, males, adolescents and urban city had higher ERs than their counterparts. Attributable fraction (AF) of drowning attributed to dry-hot days was 23.83% (95% CI: 21.67 to 26.99) which was significantly higher than that for wet-hot days (11.32%, 95% CI: 9.64 to 13.48%). We also observed that high temperature and low humidity had an additive interaction on drowning mortality. CONCLUSION We found that dry-hot days had greater drowning mortality risk and burden than wet-hot days, and high temperature and low humidity might have synergy on drowning mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Jiang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Li
- Department of Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yu
- Division of NCD Control, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiong Hu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhulin Hou
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, China
| | - Sui Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunliang Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Yize Xiao
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Jin
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Mingfang Qin
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Yiqing Xu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Walsh RFL, Maddox MA, Smith LT, Liu RT, Alloy LB. Social and circadian rhythm dysregulation and suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105560. [PMID: 38272337 PMCID: PMC10982958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review of 52 studies provides a quantitative synthesis of the empirical literature on social and circadian rhythm correlates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). Small-to-medium pooled effect sizes were observed for associations between evening chronotype and STB and suicidal ideation (SI), although the pooled effect size diminished when accounting for publication bias. Three studies employed longitudinal designs and suggested eveningness was predictive of future STB, with a small-to-medium effect size. Social rhythm irregularity was also a significant correlate of STB with pooled effect sizes in the medium range. Overall circadian rhythm disruption was not associated with STB, although certain circadian rhythm metrics, including mean daytime activity, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder diagnosis, and actigraphy-assessed amplitude were associated with STB. Pooled effect sizes for these indices were in the medium to large range. There is a need for additional longitudinal research on actigraphy-based circadian parameters and objective markers of circadian phase (i.e., dim-light melatonin onset) to gain a clearer understanding of associations of endogenous circadian function and STB beyond that which can be captured via self-report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F L Walsh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, USA.
| | | | - Logan T Smith
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, USA
| | - Richard T Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, USA
| | - Lauren B Alloy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, USA
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7
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Liu D, Zhang M, Ding L, Huang J, Wang Y, Su Y, Chen Z, Cai Y, He S, Peng D. Relationship between biological rhythm dysregulation and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:87. [PMID: 38297264 PMCID: PMC10832079 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the disturbance of circadian rhythms represents a significant clinical feature of major depressive disorder (MDD), the relationship between biological rhythm disturbances and the severity of suicidal ideation in individuals with MDD remains unclear. We aimed to explore the characteristics of different biological rhythm dimensions in MDD and their association with the severity of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. METHODS A total of 50 MDD patients and 50 healthy controls were recruited and their general information was collected. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17). The intensity of suicidal ideation was evaluated with the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS). The Chinese version of the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) scale was utilized to assess the participants' biological rhythm dysregulation. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between biological rhythm and the risk of MDD. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in the MDD group to investigate the relationship between different biological rhythm dimensions and suicide ideation. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between the MDD group and the control group in total BRIAN score (Z=-5.41, P < 0.001) as well as scores for each dimension. After adjusting for confounding factors, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between total BRIAN score and the presence of MDD (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.10-1.29, P < 0.001), as well as between scores in different BRIAN dimensions and the presence of MDD (activity: OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.24-1.74, P < 0.001; sleep: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.28-1.79, P < 0.001; social: OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.32-2.46, P < 0.001; eating pattern: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.12-1.60, P = 0.001). In patients with MDD, linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between BSS scores and BRIAN eating pattern scores (β = 0.34, P = 0.022), even after adjusting for demographic factors and the severity of depression. CONCLUSIONS Patients with MDD exhibited significantly higher levels of dysregulation in all four biological rhythm dimensions compared to healthy controls and the degree of dysregulation was associated with the severity of depression. More importantly, dysregulation of eating pattern may increase the intensity of suicidal ideation in MDD, thus elevating the risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, 200030, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, 200030, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ding
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, 200030, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Huang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, 200030, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, 200030, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yousong Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, 200030, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, 200030, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Cai
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, 200030, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen He
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, 200030, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daihui Peng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, 200030, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Magnani L, Aguglia A, Alexander J, Maiorano A, Richard-Lepouriel H, Iancau SP, Amerio A, Parise A, Serafini G, Amore M, Nguyen KD, Costanza A. Evening Chronotype and Suicide: Exploring Neuroinflammation and Psychopathological Dimensions as Possible Bridging Factors-A Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2023; 14:30. [PMID: 38248245 PMCID: PMC10813318 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A chronotype is generally defined as the variability of the phase angle of entrainment, while the latter reflects the relationship between the timing of a certain rhythm (e.g., the sleep-wake cycle) and the timing of an external temporal cue. Individuals can be placed on a spectrum from "morning types" (M types) to "evening types" (E types). E-chronotype has been proposed as a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychiatric conditions, and it has been associated with psychopathological dimensions. Eveningness seems to be correlated with both suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal behavior (SB) through several possible mediating factors. Immunological alterations have also been linked to later chronotypes and SI/SB. This narrative review aims to summarize the evidence supporting the possible association between chronotypes and suicide and the eventual mediating role of neuroinflammation and several psychopathological dimensions. A search of the literature (2003-2023) was conducted using various databases: PUBMED, EMBASE, Scopus, UpToDate, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. English-language articles were collected and screened for eligibility. Despite the apparent absence of a direct correlation between E-chronotype and suicidality, E-chronotype promotes a chain of effects that could be involved in an increased risk of SB, in which with neuroinflammation possibly plays an intriguing role and some psychopathological dimensions may stand out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Magnani
- Department of Psychiatry, San Maurizio Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Andrea Aguglia
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (A.A.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
- IRCCS Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jacques Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Maiorano
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Hélène Richard-Lepouriel
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood Disorder Unit, Psychiatric Specialties Service, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Sidonia Paula Iancau
- Residence School in Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (A.A.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
- IRCCS Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Parise
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (A.A.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
- IRCCS Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (A.A.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
- IRCCS Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Khoa D. Nguyen
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- Tranquis Therapeutics, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
| | - Alessandra Costanza
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.A.); (A.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland (USI), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University (UNIGE), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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9
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Shoib S, Hussaini SS, Armiya’u AY, Saeed F, Őri D, Roza TH, Gürcan A, Agrawal A, Solerdelcoll M, Lucero-Prisno III DE, Nahidi M, Swed S, Ahmed S, Chandradasa M. Prevention of suicides associated with global warming: perspectives from early career psychiatrists. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1251630. [PMID: 38045615 PMCID: PMC10693336 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1251630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change poses significant challenges to global mental health, with potential consequences including increased rates of suicide and mental health disorders. Early Career Psychiatrists (ECPs) play a crucial role in addressing these challenges. The Climate Psychiatry Alliance, a group of psychiatrists dedicated to improving mental health amidst climate change, recognizes the importance of cultivating climate-aware ECPs. Training ECPs to become confident climate-aware clinicians enables them to effectively treat patients experiencing anxiety, depression, and PTSD in the context of climate-related distress. Together with other mental health professionals, ECPs can contribute to efforts by implementing strategies for monitoring and treating mental health problems arising from climate events. Additionally, they can raise awareness about the psychological consequences and risks of suicide associated with climate change. Collaboration among ECPs from various regions is essential in developing community-based approaches and reducing vulnerabilities. ECPs must prioritize supporting vulnerable populations by advocating for increased funding for mental health support and research in affected areas. Long-term solutions to address the mental health impacts of climate change and global warming should be pursued to mitigate future suicidality. Integrating climate considerations into local mental health programs and expanding psychological support services is crucial. By promoting emotional resilience and self-awareness, ECPs can contribute to building a more climate-resilient and mentally healthy society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shoib
- Department of Health Services, Srinagar, India
- Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- Psychosis Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Healing Mind and Wellness Initiative, Nawab Bzar, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Aishatu Yusha’u Armiya’u
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | | | - Dorottya Őri
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Mental Health, Heim Pal National Paediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thiago Henrique Roza
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ahmet Gürcan
- Department of Psychiatry, Başkent University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Aditi Agrawal
- St Elizabeth Medical Centre, Boston University Affiliate, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mireia Solerdelcoll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno III
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mahsa Nahidi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sarya Swed
- Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Xu L, Choi S, Zhao Y, Li M, Rogers BP, Anderson A, Gore JC, Gao Y, Ding Z. Seasonal variations of functional connectivity of human brains. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16898. [PMID: 37803105 PMCID: PMC10558480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal variations have long been observed in various aspects of human life. While there is an abundance of research that has characterized seasonality effects in, for example, cognition, mood, and behavior, including studies of underlying biophysical mechanisms, direct measurements of seasonal variations of brain functional activities have not gained wide attention. We have quantified seasonal effects on functional connectivity as derived from MRI scans. A cohort of healthy human subjects was divided into four groups based on the seasons of their scanning dates as documented in the image database of the Human Connectome Project. Sinusoidal functions were used as regressors to determine whether there were significant seasonal variations in measures of brain activities. We began with the analysis of seasonal variations of the fractional amplitudes of low frequency fluctuations of regional functional signals, followed by the seasonal variations of functional connectivity in both global- and network-level. Furthermore, relevant environmental factors, including average temperature and daylength, were found to be significantly associated with brain functional activities, which may explain how the observed seasonal fluctuations arise. Finally, topological properties of the brain functional network also showed significant variations across seasons. All the observations accumulated revealed seasonality effects of human brain activities in a resting-state, which may have important practical implications for neuroimaging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyuan Xu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Soyoung Choi
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Muwei Li
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Baxter P Rogers
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adam Anderson
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yurui Gao
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhaohua Ding
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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11
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Molitor D, Mullins JT, White C. Air pollution and suicide in rural and urban America: Evidence from wildfire smoke. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221621120. [PMID: 37695917 PMCID: PMC10515164 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221621120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution poses well-established risks to physical health, but little is known about its effects on mental health. We study the relationship between wildfire smoke exposure and suicide risk in the United States in 2007 to 2019 using data on all deaths by suicide and satellite-based measures of wildfire smoke and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations. We identify the causal effects of wildfire smoke pollution on suicide by relating year-over-year fluctuations in county-level monthly smoke exposure to fluctuations in suicide rates and compare the effects across local areas and demographic groups that differ considerably in their baseline suicide risk. In rural counties, an additional day of smoke increases monthly mean PM2.5 by 0.41 μg/m3 and suicide deaths by 0.11 per million residents, such that a 1-μg/m3 (13%) increase in monthly wildfire-derived fine particulate matter leads to 0.27 additional suicide deaths per million residents (a 2.0% increase). These effects are concentrated among demographic groups with both high baseline suicide risk and high exposure to outdoor air: men, working-age adults, non-Hispanic Whites, and adults with no college education. By contrast, we find no evidence that smoke pollution increases suicide risk among any urban demographic group. This study provides large-scale evidence that air pollution elevates the risk of suicide, disproportionately so among rural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Molitor
- Gies College of Business, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL61820
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Jamie T. Mullins
- Department of Resource Economics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA01003
| | - Corey White
- Department of Economics, Monash University, Caulfield East, VIC3145, Australia
- IZA Institute of Labor Economics, 53113Bonn, Germany
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12
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Menculini G, Steardo LJ, Verdolini N, D'Angelo M, Chipi E, Cirimbilli F, Orsolini L, Volpe U, De Fazio P, Tortorella A. Chronotype is associated with affective temperaments, clinical severity and worse treatment outcomes in bipolar disorders: results from a two-center, cross-sectional study. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2023; 27:248-256. [PMID: 36622183 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2022.2160763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed at investigating the clinical correlates of evening chronotype in a population of subjects suffering from bipolar disorders (BD). METHODS We assessed chronotype using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. We administered the brief Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, and San Diego, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and the Alda Scale to evaluate affective temperaments, impulsiveness, and response to mood stabilisers. We performed bivariate analyses and ran a logistic regression model to analyse clinical variables associated with evening chronotype. RESULTS In our sample (n = 178), subjects with an evening chronotype (n = 56, 31.5%) more often suffered from BD type I and reported higher prevalence of seasonality, antidepressant-induced mood switches, psychotic, aggressive, mixed, and anxiety features, and substance use disorders. The number of lifetime suicide attempts and mood episodes was higher in this subgroup. Depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperament scores were higher among evening-chronotype subjects, who also displayed greater levels of impulsiveness and worse treatment response. At the logistic regression, evening chronotype was associated with depressive and irritable temperaments. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with evening chronotype display higher clinical severity and worse BD course. Clinicians should evaluate the presence of evening chronotype in BD subjects, especially in those with irritable or depressive temperament.Key pointsEvening chronotype is a frequent clinical feature in subjects suffering from bipolar disorders (BD);Affective temperaments, particularly depressive and irritable, are associated with evening chronotype in BD;Evening chronotype underpins higher severity of the clinical picture in BD, as well as a worse response to mood stabiliser treatment;Circadian preferences should be systematically assessed in subjects suffering from BD, with particular attention to evening preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Menculini
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Jr Steardo
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Norma Verdolini
- Local Health Unit Umbria 1, Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Center of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina D'Angelo
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Chipi
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Cirimbilli
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Orsolini
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Fazio
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alfonso Tortorella
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Kinciniene O, Sambaras R, Lesinskaite A, Zilinskaite V, Lesinskiene S. Psychosocial Aspects of Deliberate Physical Suicide Attempts by Children and Adolescents. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023; 62:885-893. [PMID: 36717972 PMCID: PMC10411028 DOI: 10.1177/00099228221145106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is the second most common cause of death among young people in Lithuania. This study aimed to evaluate circumstance, and conditions possibly related to suicide attempt in adolescents. Study was performed at the tertiary Children's Hospital. Medical documentation of the suicide attempts from January 2011 to April 2018 was analyzed. There were 102 cases included in the study: 83.8% female and 16.2% male patients (average age of 15.02 ± 1.9); 40.6% of patients lived in divorced families, 17.7% in orphanages, 4.2% in foster care; 36.4% suffered from parental alcoholism, and 17.2% experienced suicide in close surroundings; 54.1% experienced bullying or violence (26.0%), and 85.4% showed signs of other types of self-harm, girls more often (P < .001). In 52.8% of cases, the attempt was spontaneous, and 34% relapsed. In summary female gender, living in orphanages, and signs of other self-harm were significantly related to suicide attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odeta Kinciniene
- Clinic of Children’s Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rokas Sambaras
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Virginija Zilinskaite
- Clinic of Children’s Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sigita Lesinskiene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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14
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Pavicic M, Walker AM, Sullivan KA, Lagergren J, Cliff A, Romero J, Streich J, Garvin MR, Pestian J, McMahon B, Oslin DW, Beckham JC, Kimbrel NA, Jacobson DA. Using iterative random forest to find geospatial environmental and Sociodemographic predictors of suicide attempts. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1178633. [PMID: 37599888 PMCID: PMC10433206 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1178633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite a recent global decrease in suicide rates, death by suicide has increased in the United States. It is therefore imperative to identify the risk factors associated with suicide attempts to combat this growing epidemic. In this study, we aim to identify potential risk factors of suicide attempt using geospatial features in an Artificial intelligence framework. Methods We use iterative Random Forest, an explainable artificial intelligence method, to predict suicide attempts using data from the Million Veteran Program. This cohort incorporated 405,540 patients with 391,409 controls and 14,131 attempts. Our predictive model incorporates multiple climatic features at ZIP-code-level geospatial resolution. We additionally consider demographic features from the American Community Survey as well as the number of firearms and alcohol vendors per 10,000 people to assess the contributions of proximal environment, access to means, and restraint decrease to suicide attempts. In total 1,784 features were included in the predictive model. Results Our results show that geographic areas with higher concentrations of married males living with spouses are predictive of lower rates of suicide attempts, whereas geographic areas where males are more likely to live alone and to rent housing are predictive of higher rates of suicide attempts. We also identified climatic features that were associated with suicide attempt risk by age group. Additionally, we observed that firearms and alcohol vendors were associated with increased risk for suicide attempts irrespective of the age group examined, but that their effects were small in comparison to the top features. Discussion Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of social determinants and environmental factors in understanding suicide risk among veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Pavicic
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Computational and Predictive Biology, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Angelica M. Walker
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Kyle A. Sullivan
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Computational and Predictive Biology, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - John Lagergren
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Computational and Predictive Biology, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Ashley Cliff
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jonathon Romero
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jared Streich
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Computational and Predictive Biology, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Michael R. Garvin
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Computational and Predictive Biology, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - John Pestian
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Computational and Predictive Biology, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin McMahon
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - David W. Oslin
- VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Center of Excellence, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Daniel A. Jacobson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Computational and Predictive Biology, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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15
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Lo CH, Liao CH, Tan ST, Su YJ. Differences of chronological seasonality in drug overdose. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231192779. [PMID: 37632450 PMCID: PMC10926412 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231192779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between seasonality and intentional drug overdose (IDO), a commonly seen method of self-harm in daily emergency medicine practice. METHODS Cases of IDO were retrospectively selected using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 coding system (codes T36-T50), in patients who attended the Emergency Department of MacKay Memorial Hospital between January 2018 and August 2019. Data regarding age, sex, arrival time, marital status, vital signs, comorbidities, psychiatric history, social conflicts, substance of overdose, and length of hospital stay by season, were analysed using Student's t-test and χ2-test. RESULTS Of all included cases (n = 196), IDO occurred most frequently in spring (32.1%), particularly in male patients (28/49 male cases). First-time IDO occurred most frequently in spring (51/133 first-time cases) and most spring cases were first-time IDO (51/63 spring cases). Repeat IDO occurred most frequently in autumn (20/63 repeat cases). Female conflict with father and/or boyfriend, and personality disorder in patients who overdosed, showed seasonality with a spring peak. Hospital admission rate was highest in winter (10/45 winter cases [22.2%]). CONCLUSION Episodes of IDO exhibited seasonality, with a spring peak, particularly for male patients, female patients in conflict with father and/or boyfriend, and those with personality disorder. Clinicians should pay close attention to the abovementioned patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Lo
- Emergency Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hao Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tamshui Branch, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Teck Tan
- Emergency Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Toxicology Division, Emergency Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jang Su
- Emergency Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Toxicology Division, Emergency Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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16
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Rizavas I, Gournellis R, Douzenis P, Efstathiou V, Bali P, Lagouvardos K, Douzenis A. A Systematic Review on the Impact of Seasonality on Severe Mental Illness Admissions: Does Seasonal Variation Affect Coercion? Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2155. [PMID: 37570395 PMCID: PMC10418389 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Coercion in psychiatry is associated mainly with involuntary admissions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between hospital admissions of patients suffering from affective and schizophrenic disorders and seasonality. A systematic literature search using PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar was conducted, including studies with affective and schizophrenia disorder admissions, published from October 1992 to August 2020. A total of 31 studies were included in the review. Four broad severe mental illness admission categories were identified regarding seasonality: affective disorders, schizophrenia disorders, involuntary admission affective disorders and involuntary admission schizophrenia disorders. There was clear and strong evidence for spring and summer peaks for severe mental illness admissions; data provided for age, gender and involuntary admissions was limited. Seasonality may have a significant effect on the onset and exacerbation of psychopathology of severe mental illness and should be considered as a risk factor in psychiatric admissions, violence and the risk of mental health coercion. A better understanding of the impact of seasonality on severe mental illness will help professionals to provide the best practices in mental health services in order to reduce and prevent psychiatric hospitalizations (especially involuntary admissions) resulting in further coercive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Rizavas
- Psychiatric Hospital of Attica “Dafni”, 12462 Chaidari, Greece;
| | - Rossetos Gournellis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University General Hospital “Attikon”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Chaidari, Greece; (R.G.); (A.D.)
| | - Phoebe Douzenis
- Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Vasiliki Efstathiou
- Postgraduate Program “Liaison Psychiatry Integrative Care of Physical and Mental Health”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Chaidari, Greece;
| | - Panagiota Bali
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University General Hospital “Attikon”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Chaidari, Greece; (R.G.); (A.D.)
| | - Kostas Lagouvardos
- National Observatory of Athens, Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, 15236 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Douzenis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University General Hospital “Attikon”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Chaidari, Greece; (R.G.); (A.D.)
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17
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Obed D, Dastagir N, Salim M, Bucher F, Gruber L, Schröter A, Panayi AC, Knoedler S, Dastagir K, Vogt PM. Attempted Suicide by Burning: A Cross-sectional Analysis at a Regional Burn Center in Germany. J Burn Care Res 2023; 44:852-859. [PMID: 36370123 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Attempted suicide by self-immolation or burning constitutes an uncommon form of attempted suicide in high income countries, presenting substantial challenges to burn units. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiologic characteristics and outcomes in intensive care burn patients treated for attempted suicide by burning. For this purpose, we examined intensive care burn patients admitted to a single major burn unit between March 2007 and December 2020. Demographic, clinical, epidemiological, and mortality data were collected and analyzed. Major psychiatric comorbidities were evaluated according to ICD-9 and ICD-10 classifications. A total of 1325 intensive care unit burn patients were included. Suicide by burning was attempted in 45 cases (3.4%). Attempted suicide victims presented with significantly higher burn severity, reflected by higher abbreviated burn severity index scores, and larger TBSA affected. Burned TBSA ≥30% and inhalation injuries were observed more frequently in suicidal patients. These patients also experienced prolonged hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, required surgical interventions and mechanical ventilation more frequently, and had significantly longer periods on ventilation, causing an overall higher mortality rate (24.4%). Psychiatric comorbidities were present in 75.6% of patients who attempted suicide. Despite the low prevalence, burn severity and mortality are considerably high in patients who attempted suicide by burning, presenting a significant challenge for healthcare providers. The majority of patients had a history of psychiatric disorder, highlighting the importance of identifying patients at high-risk who may profit from increased psychiatric intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Obed
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Nadjib Dastagir
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Mustafa Salim
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Florian Bucher
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Lisa Gruber
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Andreas Schröter
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Adriana C Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Khaled Dastagir
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Peter M Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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18
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Sarlon J, Partonen T, Lang UE. Potential links between brown adipose tissue, circadian dysregulation, and suicide risk. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1196029. [PMID: 37360180 PMCID: PMC10288144 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1196029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian desynchronizations are associated with psychiatric disorders as well as with higher suicidal risk. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important in the regulation of body temperature and contributes to the homeostasis of the metabolic, cardiovascular, skeletal muscle or central nervous system. BAT is under neuronal, hormonal and immune control and secrets batokines: i.e., autocrine, paracrine and endocrine active substances. Moreover, BAT is involved in circadian system. Light, ambient temperature as well as exogen substances interact with BAT. Thus, a dysregulation of BAT can indirectly worsen psychiatric conditions and the risk of suicide, as one of previously suggested explanations for the seasonality of suicide rate. Furthermore, overactivation of BAT is associated with lower body weight and lower level of blood lipids. Reduced body mass index (BMI) or decrease in BMI respectively, as well as lower triglyceride concentrations were found to correlate with higher risk of suicide, however the findings are inconclusive. Hyperactivation or dysregulation of BAT in relation to the circadian system as a possible common factor is discussed. Interestingly, substances with proven efficacy in reducing suicidal risk, like clozapine or lithium, interact with BAT. The effects of clozapine on fat tissue are stronger and might differ qualitatively from other antipsychotics; however, the significance remains unclear. We suggest that BAT is involved in the brain/environment homeostasis and deserves attention from a psychiatric point of view. Better understanding of circadian disruptions and its mechanisms can contribute to personalized diagnostic and therapy as well as better assessment of suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sarlon
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Undine E. Lang
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Roca-Barceló A, Crabbe H, Close R, Fahie H, Leonardi GS, Piel FB. Spatial and temporal trends and risk factors for intentional carbon monoxide poisoning hospitalizations in England between 2002 and 2016. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:168-175. [PMID: 36841308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide and mental health disorders are a recognized increasing public concern. Most suicide prevention rely on evidence from mortality data, although suicide attempts are a better predictor for completed suicides. Understanding spatio-temporal patterns and demographic profiles of people at risk can improve suicide prevention schemes, including for carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, a common method for gas-related suicides. OBJECTIVE Describe spatio-temporal patterns of intentional CO poisoning hospitalization rates in England between 2002 and 2016, and identify population sub-groups at risk. METHODS We used NHS Digital's Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) routinely collected data on hospital admissions for intentional CO poisoning. We estimated age-standardised rates (ASR) by year, gender and residential small-area characteristics, including rural/urban, deprivation and ethnic composition. Temporal trends were assessed through linear regression and joinpoint regression analysis. Regional differences were explored. RESULTS On average, we identified 178 hospital admissions for intentional CO poisoning per year. The ASR decreased substantially over the study period, particularly among males (average annual percent change of -7.8 % (95 % CI: -11.0; -4.6)), in comparison to 3.9 % (95%CI, -6.4; -1.4) among females. Most admissions (81 %) occurred in males. White men aged 35-44 years were particularly at risk. The ASR in London (0.08/100,000) was almost six times lower than in the South-West (0.47/100,000). CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into attempted suicides by intentional CO poisoning. Further prevention interventions, targeting sub-groups at risk (i.e. white men in their 30s/40s), need to be developed and implemented to reduce the burden of suicides and of CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Roca-Barceló
- Small Area Health Statistics Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Crabbe
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Chilton, Oxon, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Environmental Exposures & Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Close
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Chilton, Oxon, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Environmental Exposures & Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Fahie
- Specialty Registrar in Public Health, Oxford School of Public Health, Health Education England, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni S Leonardi
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Chilton, Oxon, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Environmental Exposures & Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric B Piel
- Small Area Health Statistics Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Environmental Exposures & Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Chemical & Radiation Threats & Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Miyazaki H, Hino K, Ito T, Abe T, Nomoto M, Furuno T, Takeuchi I, Hishimoto A. Relationship of emergency department visits for suicide attempts with meteorological and air pollution conditions. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:154-160. [PMID: 37080497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental factors such as meteorological and air pollution conditions have been identified as risk factors for suicide. This study aimed to clarify the relationship of the number of visits to the emergency department for suicide attempts with meteorological and air pollution conditions. METHODS This cross-sectional study included patients who attempted suicide and were transported to Yokohama City University Medical Center from April 2005 to March 2022. The meteorological conditions recorded at the time of transport included mean atmospheric pressure, mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean humidity, wind speed, and sunshine hours, and the air pollution conditions included SO2 (ppm), NO (ppm), NO2 (ppm), NOX (ppm), OX (ppm), CH4 (ppmC), NMHC (ppmC), THC (ppmC), SPM (μg/m3), and PM2.5 (μg/m3). Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the association between the number of suicide attempts and the meteorological and air pollution conditions. Subgroup analyses were conducted by classifying the subjects according to the means of suicide attempt; comparisons were performed using t-tests. RESULTS The study included 1737 patients. Multivariate Poisson regression analyses revealed a significant positive relationship between the number of suicide attempts and SO2 levels and a significant negative relationship between the number of suicide attempts and NO levels. When subjects were divided by means of suicide attempt, different relationships with meteorological and air pollution conditions were observed. CONCLUSION Meteorological and air pollution conditions are environmental factors that can enable a more detailed understanding of suicide behavior according to the means of suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehito Miyazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Psychiatric Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan; Advanced Critical Care and Emergency Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan; Numazu-chuo Hospital, 24-1 Nakase-cho, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-8575, Japan.
| | - Kousuke Hino
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Advanced Critical Care and Emergency Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan; Numazu-chuo Hospital, 24-1 Nakase-cho, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-8575, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Ito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Psychiatric Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan
| | - Takeru Abe
- Advanced Critical Care and Emergency Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan
| | - Munetaka Nomoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Psychiatric Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan
| | - Taku Furuno
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Psychiatric Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Advanced Critical Care and Emergency Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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Lebihan L. Minimum wages and health: evidence from European countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 23:85-107. [PMID: 36417144 PMCID: PMC9685008 DOI: 10.1007/s10754-022-09340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of minimum wage on health, well-being, and income security in European countries. The empirical strategy consists of exploiting variations in the minimum wage across European countries over time. We show that minimum wage increases improve individuals' self-reported health and income security. Minimum wage increases also improve life satisfaction and happiness. The effects are largest among women, employed individuals, married individuals, and those with less than a secondary education. Our results are robust to several robustness checks and consistent with existing evidence on the relationship between minimum wage and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Lebihan
- Department of Economics, University of Reunion Island, 15 avenue René Cassin - CS 92003, 97744, Saint-Denis Cedex 9, Reunion Island, France.
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22
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Blanchflower DG, Bryson A. Seasonality and the female happiness paradox. QUALITY & QUANTITY 2023; 58:1-33. [PMID: 36844462 PMCID: PMC9942082 DOI: 10.1007/s11135-023-01628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Most studies tracking wellbeing do not collect data across all the months in a year. This leads to error in estimating gender differences in wellbeing for three reasons. First, there are seasonal patterns in wellbeing (particularly life satisfaction and happiness) which are gendered, so failure to account for those confounds estimates of gender differences over time. Second, studies fielded in discrete parts of the year cannot extrapolate to gender differences in other parts of the year. Making inferences about trends over time is particularly problematic when a survey changes its field survey dates across years. Third, without monthly data, surveys miss big shifts in wellbeing that occur for short periods. This is a problem because women's wellbeing is more variable over short periods of time than men's wellbeing. It also bounces back faster. We show that simply splitting the data by months in a happiness equation generates a positive male coefficient in one subset of months from September to January and a negative coefficient in months February to August. Such a split has no impact on the male coefficients in an anxiety equation. Months matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Blanchflower
- Bruce V. Rauner Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Dartmouth College, NH07355 Hanover, USA
| | - Alex Bryson
- Professor of Quantitative Social Science, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Yu L, Zhou T, Shao M, Zhang T, Wang J, Ma Y, Xu S, Chen Y, Zhu J, Pan F. The role of meteorological factors in suicide mortality in Wuhu, a humid city along the Yangtze River in Eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:9558-9575. [PMID: 36057060 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22832-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the climate continues to change, suicide is becoming more frequent. In this study, absolute humidity (AH) was included for the first time and Wuhu, a typical subtropical city along the Yangtze River, was taken as the research object to explore the impact of suicide death risk on meteorological factors. The daily meteorological factors and suicide mortality data of Wuhu city from 2014 to 2020 were collected. Guided by structural equation model (SEM), a time series analysis method combining distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) and generalized additive model (GAM) was adopted. To investigate the correlation among different populations, we stratified age and gender at different meteorological levels. A total of 1259 suicide deaths were collected in Wuhu. The results indicated that exceedingly low and low levels of AH short-term exposure increased suicide mortality, with the maximum effect occurring at lag 14 for both levels of exposure, when the relative risk (RR) was 1.131 (95% CI: 1.030, 1.242) and 1.065 (95% CI: 1.006, 1.127), respectively. Exposure to exceedingly high and exceedingly low levels of temperature mean (T mean) also increased suicide mortality, with maximum RR values of 1.132 (lag 14, 95% CI: 1.015, 1.263) and 1.203 (lag 0, 95% CI: 1.079, 1.340), sequentially. As for diurnal temperature range (DTR), low-level exposure decreased the risk of suicide, while high-level exposure increased this risk, with RR values of 0.955 (lag 0, 95% CI: 0.920, 0.991, minimum) and 1.060 (lag 0, 95% CI: 1.018, 1.104, maximum), sequentially. Stratified analysis showed that AH and DTR increased the suicide death risk in male and elderly people, while the risk effect of T mean have no effect on young people only. In summary, male and elderly people appear to be more vulnerable to adverse weather effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ming Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jinian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yubo Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiansheng Zhu
- Wuhu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China.
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Nieto-Betancurt L, Fandiño-Losada A, Ponce de Leon A, Pacichana-Quinayaz SG, Gutiérrez-Martínez MI. Seasonal and Temporal Patterns of Homicides and Suicides in Cali and Manizales, Colombia: A Times-Series Analysis 2008-2015. Arch Suicide Res 2023; 27:43-62. [PMID: 34460358 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2021.1967235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify seasonal and temporal variations in daily incidence of homicides and suicides in Cali and Manizales, Colombia during 2008-2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ecological time series study was performed using negative binomial regression models for daily incidence of homicides and suicides; analyses were controlled for yearly trends and temporal autocorrelations. RESULTS Saturdays, Sundays, December holidays as well as New Year and New Year's Eve were associated with an increased risk of homicides in both cities. Suicide risk increased during December holidays and New Year in both cities. In addition, the suicide risk increased on paydays, Saturdays, Sundays, and Mondays in Cali, and it decreased during the Holy Week holidays in Manizales. December patterns of suicides and homicides are the opposite in each city, and between cities. CONCLUSIONS The incidences of homicides and suicides are not homogeneous over time. These patterns can be explained partially by alcohol consumption and changes in people's routine activities which may modify exposure to violent circumstances.
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Kastner U, Javaheripour N, Arand J, Schönherr D, Sobanski T, Fehler S, Walter M, Wagner G. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide attempts in a rural region in Germany, a 5-year observational study. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:393-399. [PMID: 36113687 PMCID: PMC9472680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and public life restrictions may have a negative impact on people's mental health. Therefore, we analyzed whether this condition affected the occurrence of suicide attempts (SA) over 20 months during the pandemic period. METHODS We included patient records according to DSM-5 criteria for suicidal behavior disorders (n = 825) between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2021. We applied interrupted time-series Poisson regression models to investigate the effect of the pandemic on SA occurrence, time trends, and seasonal patterns in the whole group of patients as well as stratified by age and gender. RESULTS There was no significant effect of the pandemic on the occurrence of SA in the overall group. However, we observed a significant impact of the pandemic on the seasonal pattern of SA, also the variance differed significantly (pre-pandemic mean ± variance: 13.33 ± 15.75, pandemic: mean ± variance: 13.86 ± 7.26), indicating less periodic variation in SA during the pandemic. Male patients and young adults mainly contributed to this overall effect. Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in SA trends during the pandemic in older adults (>55 years) compared with younger adults (18-35 years); SA numbers increased in older adults and decreased in younger adults as the pandemic progressed. LIMITATIONS A few patients may have received initial care in an emergency department after SA without being referred to psychiatry. CONCLUSIONS In general, the COVID-19 pandemic and related measures did not significantly affect the occurrence of SA but did significantly affect the dynamics. In addition, the pandemic appeared to affect suicidal behavior differently across age groups as it progressed. Particularly for the older adult group, negative long-term effects of the pandemic on suicidal behavior can be derived from the present results, indicating the need to strengthen suicide prevention for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- U.W. Kastner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios Fachkliniken Hildburghausen, Eisfelder Str.41, 98646 Hildburghausen, Germany,Correspondence to: U.W. Kastner, Helios Fachkliniken Hildburghausen, Eisfelder Str.41, 98646 Hildburghausen, Germany
| | - N. Javaheripour
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - J. Arand
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios Fachkliniken Hildburghausen, Eisfelder Str.41, 98646 Hildburghausen, Germany
| | - D. Schönherr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios Fachkliniken Hildburghausen, Eisfelder Str.41, 98646 Hildburghausen, Germany
| | - T. Sobanski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Thueringen-Kliniken GmbH, 07318 Saalfeld, Germany
| | - S.W. Fehler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios Fachkliniken Hildburghausen, Eisfelder Str.41, 98646 Hildburghausen, Germany
| | - M. Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - G. Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany,Correspondence to: G. Wagner, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
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26
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Brewerton TD. Mechanisms by which adverse childhood experiences, other traumas and PTSD influence the health and well-being of individuals with eating disorders throughout the life span. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:162. [PMID: 36372878 PMCID: PMC9661783 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple published sources from around the world have confirmed an association between an array of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and other traumatic events with eating disorders (EDs) and related adverse outcomes, including higher morbidity and mortality. METHODS In keeping with this Special Issue's goals, this narrative review focuses on the ACEs pyramid and its purported mechanisms through which child maltreatment and other forms of violence toward human beings influence the health and well-being of individuals who develop EDs throughout the life span. Relevant literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highlighted when applicable. RESULTS At every level of the pyramid, it is shown that EDs interact with each of these proclaimed escalating mechanisms in a bidirectional manner that contributes to the predisposition, precipitation and perpetuation of EDs and related medical and psychiatric comorbidities, which then predispose to early death. The levels and their interactions that are discussed include the contribution of generational embodiment (genetics) and historical trauma (epigenetics), social conditions and local context, the ACEs and other traumas themselves, the resultant disrupted neurodevelopment, subsequent social, emotional and cognitive impairment, the adoption of health risk behaviors, and the development of disease, disability and social problems, all resulting in premature mortality by means of fatal complications and/or suicide. CONCLUSIONS The implications of these cascading, evolving, and intertwined perspectives have important implications for the assessment and treatment of EDs using trauma-informed care and trauma-focused integrated treatment approaches. This overview offers multiple opportunities at every level for the palliation and prevention of EDs and other associated trauma-related conditions, including PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Brewerton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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CENGİSİZ C, TAMAM L, DİZDAR G, PAŞAOĞLU E, YILMAZ E. Türkiye'nin batı bölgesinde bir şehirde COVID-19 pandemisi öncesi ve sırasında intihar eğilimlerinin karşılaştırılması. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.1103467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to compare the completed suicides in the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic with the completed suicides in the same time interval immediately before the pandemic in the Manisa Province of Turkey and to investigate whether there are pandemic-specific completed suicide trends.
Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 162 completed suicides that occurred between January 2019 - February 2020 (pre-pandemic period) and March 2020 - June 2021 (pandemic period) in Manisa Province. Completed suicides were compared in terms of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Results: The number of completed suicides before and during the pandemic was 84 and 78, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods in the number of completed suicides. In terms of sociodemographic characteristics, marital status, contrary to gender, age, employment status, and educational level, caused a significant difference in the number of suicides before and during the pandemic period. Additionally, the season when the completed suicide occurred and the type of place of residence of the individuals with completed suicide, caused a significant difference in the number of suicides
Conclusion: The study's findings indicated that the pandemic period was not a factor in general in completed suicides. Specifically, however, it is noteworthy that suicide by hanging was more common during the pandemic period, in the spring season, among individuals who were married, employed, resided in urban areas, had a low educational level, and had a history of psychiatric diseases such as mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lut TAMAM
- Department of Psychiatry, Çukurova University Medical School
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Hernæs KH, Skyrud KD. The impact of daylight on suicide rates. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022; 46:101151. [PMID: 35717823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since Durkheim and Morselli found a spring peak in suicides in the late 19th century, researchers have presented possible explanations, including daylight variation, for this seasonal pattern. Our identification strategy exploits the idiosyncratic variation in daylight within Norwegian regions, arising from the country's substantial latitudinal range. We use full population data for a period of 45 years in a pre-registered research design. We find a small and non-significant relationship: One extra hour of daylight increases the suicide rate by merely 0.75 % (95 % CI: -0.4 % to 1.9 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti Helene Hernæs
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Cluster for Health Services Research, Oslo, Norway.
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Pajić V, Orešković S. An Exploratory Analysis of Fifteen Years Suicide Trends Using Population-Level Data From Croatian Committed Suicides Registry. Front Public Health 2022; 10:857284. [PMID: 35757608 PMCID: PMC9215280 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.857284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The provide a descriptive analysis of the available population-level aggregated data on committed suicides in the Republic of Croatia, in the 2004-2018 period, showing emerging trends in suicide incidence focusing on sex/age/geographical distribution of suicides and the primary and secondary causes of suicide mortality, as well as making comparisons with similar neighboring neighboring countries. Methods The aggregated suicide data were obtained from the Croatian Committed Suicides Registry, a national registry maintained by the public health authority. The raw data extract was organized into tables according to several variables (age, sex, place of birth, place of residence, and cause of death). Simple descriptive statistics were performed on the structured data. Results Despite being among the highest in the world and EU, the number of committed suicides in Croatia is in decline since 2004. A higher number of suicides by males was observed when compared to females. Most of the suicides occur during spring and summer. The wealthier, northern continental region of the country had the highest average rate of committed suicides per 1,00,000 population, contrary to some of the findings in the published literature associating economic instability with suicide. The most common way to commit suicide for both sexes in all age groups is self-harm by hanging, strangulation and suffocation. Suicide by firearm and explosive devices discharge remains higher than the global average. Conclusions Despite its steadily declining incidence rates in the past 20 years, suicides remain a major public health challenge in Croatia. Results may bolster the Ugro-Finnish suicide hypothesis, linking higher suicide rates to regions with populations of Hungarian descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Pajić
- Independent Researcher, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Medical Sociology and Health Economics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stjepan Orešković
- Department of Medical Sociology and Health Economics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Abdou R, Cassells D, Berrill J, Hanly J. Revisiting the relationship between economic uncertainty and suicide: An alternative approach. Soc Sci Med 2022; 306:115095. [PMID: 35704980 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous research provides evidence that economic uncertainty is powerful enough to precipitate suicide. This study examines whether the relationship between economic uncertainty and suicide in the US is (i) context dependent and (ii) asymmetric. To answer these questions, we link US monthly total- age- and gender-specific suicide rates to the US Economic Policy Uncertainty index between 1999 and 2019, controlling for month fixed effects, year fixed effects and unemployment rates. We find that the relationship between economic uncertainty and the suicide rates of males in their mid-career (aged 25-54) and late career (aged 55-64) is context dependent. Our results show that absolute monthly changes in economic uncertainty have no effect on suicide rates of males aged 25-54 and 55-64, whereas when these changes are unexpected - departing from the economic uncertainty regime during which they occur - they precipitate the suicide of these age- and gender-specific groups. Additionally, our findings provide evidence of the presence of negativity bias in these relationships. We show that extreme unexpected increases in economic uncertainty induce suicide of males aged 25-54 and 55-64, while extreme unexpected decreases in economic uncertainty do not significantly decrease suicide rates of these age- and gender-specific groups. Females, with the exception of those aged 65 plus, are perceived to be predominantly insulated from changes in economic uncertainty. Our results suggest that females aged 65 plus are particularly affected by extreme unexpected increases in economic uncertainty, suggesting that the relationship for females aged 65 plus is context dependent and exhibits negativity bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawayda Abdou
- College of Business, Technological University Dublin, Aungier Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Damien Cassells
- College of Business, Technological University Dublin, Aungier Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jenny Berrill
- Trinity Business School, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Jim Hanly
- College of Business, Technological University Dublin, Aungier Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Fountoulakis KN, Fountoulakis NK. Climate rather than economic variables might have caused increase in US homicide but not suicide rates during the Great Depression. Psychiatry Res 2022; 309:114378. [PMID: 35051880 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely believed that during the Great Depression (1929-1933) there was a rise in suicidal rates which was causally related to the increase in unemployment. There are no studies on the effect the Great Depression had on homicidal rates METHODS: The data concerning suicide, homicide, economic and climatic variables for the years 1900-1940 for the whole of the US were gathered from the US Center for Disease Control, the Maddison Project, the National Bureau of Economic Research and the National Climatic Data Center. Time Series Analysis was performed. RESULTS The results are inconclusive on the role of economic factors but preclude any role of climate on suicidal rates during the years 1900-1940 in the US. Suicidal rates might have a 24-years periodicity, however much longer time series are needed to confirm this. On the contrary they strongly suggest an effect of higher temperatures on homicidal rates after 1922. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggest a direct and clear effect of climate (higher temperatures) on the increasing homicidal rates in the US after 1922 but failed to establish a causal relationship between suicide rates and economic or climate variables. These should be considered together with increasing concerns on the possible effect of climate change on mental health.
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Acharya B, Subedi K, Acharya P, Ghimire S. Association between COVID-19 pandemic and the suicide rates in Nepal. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262958. [PMID: 35073377 PMCID: PMC8786170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past works have linked the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent public health responses such as isolation, quarantine, and lockdown to increased anxiety, sleep disorders, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Only a few studies, mostly carried out in high-income countries, have investigated the association between the pandemic and suicide rate. We seek to investigate the changes in the monthly suicide rates during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal, compared to the pre-pandemic suicide rates. METHODS AND FINDINGS This is a retrospective study investigating the changes in suicide rates in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic period (April 2020 to June 2021), compared to the pre-pandemic period (July 2017 to March 2020), adjusted for seasonality and long-term trend in the suicide rate. We performed analysis for the entire country as well as sub-sample analyses stratified by gender and provinces. A total of 24350 suicides deaths during four years of the study window were analyzed. We found an overall increase in the monthly suicide rate in Nepal with an average increase of 0.28 (CI: 0.12,0.45) suicide per 100,000 during the pandemic months. The increase in suicide rate was significant both among males (increase in rate = 0.26, CI: 0.02,0.50) and females (increase in rate = 0.30, CI: 0.18,0.43). The most striking increments in suicide rates were observed in June, July, and August 2020. The pattern of increased suicide rates faded away early on among males, but the effect was sustained for a longer duration among females. Sudurpaschim and Karnali provinces had the highest increase in suicide rates associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with an increased suicide rate in Nepal. The findings may inform policymakers in designing appropriate public health responses to the pandemic that are considerate of the potential impact on mental health and suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Acharya
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Keshab Subedi
- iREACH, ChristianaCare Health Systems, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | | | - Shweta Ghimire
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
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Effects of catastrophic financial loss on suicide risk: evidence from Korean stock market crash in October 2008. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:47-56. [PMID: 34037839 PMCID: PMC8152199 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The negative effect of catastrophic financial loss on suicide risk is widely perceived but hardly studied in-depth because of various difficulties in designing studies. We empirically investigated the effect utilizing the stock market crash event in October 2008 in South Korea. METHODS We extracted stock market investor data from Korea Exchanges, and mortality data from Microdata Integrated Service of individuals aged 30-60 years. We calculated age-standardized monthly suicide rate per 100,000 persons according to sex and age, and developed intervention analysis with multiplicative seasonal ARIMA model to isolate the effect of the stock market crash on suicide rate. RESULTS More than 11% of people aged 30-60 years were directly investing in stocks during stock market crash. In October 2008, both KOSPI and KOSDAQ indexes dropped by 22.67% and 30.14%, respectively. In November 2008, the suicide rate in males 30-60 years increased by > 40% compared to the expected levels if there had been no market crash, and in females aged 30-40 and 40-50 years, it increased by 101.84% and 74.81%, respectively. The effect appeared to persist in males, whereas it degenerated with time in females during our sampling period. Suicide was more pronounced in younger age groups and females. CONCLUSION In this first in-depth study, the effect of catastrophic financial loss negatively affects suicide risk for an extended period, indicating health and financial authorities should provide a long-term financial and psychological support for people with extreme financial loss.
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Wei YX, Liu BP, Qiu HM, Zhang JY, Wang XT, Jia CX. Effects of vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms on attempted suicide. Psychiatr Genet 2021; 31:230-238. [PMID: 34412081 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D might protect from attempted suicide. The study aimed to investigate the associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to vitamin D levels identified in a large genome-wide association study and attempted suicide in rural China. METHODS This 1:1 matched case-control study included altogether 510 suicide attempters and 510 community controls. Genotypes of four target SNPs (DHCR7-rs12785878, CYP2R1-rs10741657, GC-rs2282679, and CYP24A1-rs6013897) were determined, and a genetic risk score (GRS) was constructed to evaluate the combined effect of them. Demographic and psychological information was acquired through face-to-face interviews. RESULTS The A allele of CYP24A1-rs6013897 was significantly associated with attempted suicide (OR = 1.27, 95% CI, 1.03-1.58, P = 0.029), even after adjusting for demographic and psychological confounders (adjusted OR = 1.53, 95% CI, 1.01-2.30, P = 0.043). The GRS analyses revealed a significantly higher risk of attempted suicide with a greater number of low vitamin D alleles (adjusted OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.13-1.58, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses stratified by sex indicated that the genetic associations were only significant among males with adjusted ORs of 3.77 (95% CI, 1.56-9.10) for the A allele of rs6013897 and 2.04 (95% CI, 1.32-3.17) for GRS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identity CYP24A1-rs6013897 as a potential biomarker for attempted suicide and indicate that a genetic predisposition to lower vitamin D levels may contribute to attempted suicide. It suggests the possibility that vitamin D may have the preventive potential for attempted suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xin Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
- Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research
| | - Bao-Peng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
- Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research
| | - Hui-Min Qiu
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Provincial Center for Mental Health
| | - Ji-Yu Zhang
- Department of Business Management, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Ting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
- Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
- Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research
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Miola A, Dal Porto V, Tadmor T, Croatto G, Scocco P, Manchia M, Carvalho AF, Maes M, Vieta E, Sambataro F, Solmi M. Increased C-reactive protein concentration and suicidal behavior in people with psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2021; 144:537-552. [PMID: 34292580 PMCID: PMC9290832 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. Identifying factors associated with suicidality (suicidal ideation [SI]/suicidal behavior) could increase our understanding of the pathophysiological underpinnings of suicide and improve its prevention. METHODS We conducted a systematic review (PubMed/PsycInfo/Cochrane databases, up to September 2020) and random-effect meta-analysis including observational studies comparing peripheral C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in suicidal versus non-suicidal patients affected by any psychiatric disorder and healthy controls (HC). Primary outcome was the CRP standardized mean difference (SMD) between patients with high suicidality versus those with absent or low suicidality. Secondary outcomes were SMD of CRP levels between those with suicide attempt versus no suicide attempt, as well as between those with (high) versus low or absent SI. Quality of included studies was measured with Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS Out of initial 550 references, 21 observational studies involving 7682 subjects (7445 with mood disorders or first-episode psychosis, 237 HC) were included. A significant association of CRP levels with suicidality (SMD 0.688, 95% CI 0.476-0.9, p < 0.001) emerged. CRP levels were higher in individuals with high SI (SMD 1.145, 95% CI 0.273-2.018, p = 0.010) and in those with suicide attempt (SMD 0.549, 95%CI 0.363-0.735, p < 0.001) than non-suicidal individuals (either patients or HC). Main analyses were confirmed in sensitivity analysis (removing HC), and after adjusting for publication bias. The cross-sectional design of included studies, and the high heterogeneity of diagnosis and treatment limit the generalizability of these results. Median quality of included studies was high. CONCLUSION CRP is associated with higher suicidality in patients with mental disorders. Large cohort studies longitudinally monitoring CRP levels are needed to explore its longitudinal association with suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tal Tadmor
- Neurosciences DepartmentUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | | | | | - Mirko Manchia
- Unit of PsychiatryDepartment of Medical Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly,Unit of Clinical PsychiatryUniversity Hospital Agency of CagliariCagliariItaly,Department of PharmacologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Andre F. Carvalho
- IMPACT ‐ the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical TranslationSchool of MedicineBarwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of PsychiatryFaculty of MedicineKing Chulalongkorn Memorial HospitalChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand,School of MedicineIMPACT Strategic Research CentreDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders UnitHospital ClinicInstitute of NeuroscienceUniversity of BarcelonaIDIBAPSCIBERSAMBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Marco Solmi
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada,Department of Mental HealthThe Ottawa HospitalOttawaOntarioCanada
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Patterns of suicide deaths in Hungary between 1995 and 2017. SSM Popul Health 2021; 16:100958. [PMID: 34815998 PMCID: PMC8592871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hungary has had one of the highest suicide mortality rates in the world for decades. Investigating seasonality of suicide deaths is essential as its findings could be key elements in the prevention. In our study we have analyzed the seasonal effect in suicide mortality in relation to possible risk factors in Hungary during 1995–2017. Data on the numbers of suicide deaths were obtained from a published online database. Negative binomial regression was employed to investigate the effect of possible risk factors and seasonal and annual trends in suicide rates. The seasonal effect was further investigated, adding a significant risk factor from the “initial” negative binomial regression. The suicide risk was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in men than in women (incidence rate ratio: 3.48), and it increased with age and decreased with education level. Marriage was a protective factor against suicide. Annual suicide mortality declined significantly (p < 0.001 for trend) from 36.7 (95% confidence interval: 35.5–37.9) to 16.5 (15.7–17.3) per 100,000 persons per year during the study period. Significant seasonality was found in suicide rates with a peak in late June. Similar peaks were observed at each level of each risk factor. There were differences in peaks by suicide method. The peak of non-violent suicides was in early June; suicides committed by violent methods peaked half a month later. This study suggests that there was a significant seasonal effect on suicide deaths between 1995 and 2017, which remained significant even in the presence of each risk factor. To our knowledge, this has been the first study to investigate the seasonal pattern so extensively in Hungary. Our findings confirm that the environmental effects are involved in the etiology of suicide mortality. Significant seasonality was found in suicide rates with a peak in late June. Seasonal effect remained almost unchanged after adjusting sociodemographic factors. There were differences in seasonal peaks by suicide method. Environmental effects are involved in the etiology of suicide mortality.
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Bauer M, Glenn T, Achtyes ED, Alda M, Agaoglu E, Altınbaş K, Andreassen OA, Angelopoulos E, Ardau R, Vares EA, Aydin M, Ayhan Y, Baethge C, Bauer R, Baune BT, Balaban C, Becerra-Palars C, Behere AP, Behere PB, Belete H, Belete T, Belizario GO, Bellivier F, Belmaker RH, Benedetti F, Berk M, Bersudsky Y, Bicakci Ş, Birabwa-Oketcho H, Bjella TD, Brady C, Cabrera J, Cappucciati M, Castro AMP, Chen WL, Cheung EYW, Chiesa S, Crowe M, Cuomo A, Dallaspezia S, Del Zompo M, Desai P, Dodd S, Donix M, Etain B, Fagiolini A, Fellendorf FT, Ferensztajn-Rochowiak E, Fiedorowicz JG, Fountoulakis KN, Frye MA, Geoffroy PA, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Gottlieb JF, Grof P, Haarman BCM, Harima H, Hasse-Sousa M, Henry C, Høffding L, Houenou J, Imbesi M, Isometsä ET, Ivkovic M, Janno S, Johnsen S, Kapczinski F, Karakatsoulis GN, Kardell M, Kessing LV, Kim SJ, König B, Kot TL, Koval M, Kunz M, Lafer B, Landén M, Larsen ER, Lenger M, Lewitzka U, Licht RW, Lopez-Jaramillo C, MacKenzie A, Madsen HØ, Madsen SAKA, Mahadevan J, Mahardika A, Manchia M, Marsh W, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa M, Martiny K, Mashima Y, McLoughlin DM, Meesters Y, Melle I, Meza-Urzúa F, Ming MY, Monteith S, Moorthy M, Morken G, Mosca E, Mozzhegorov AA, Munoz R, Mythri SV, Nacef F, Nadella RK, Nakanotani T, Nielsen RE, O'Donovan C, Omrani A, Osher Y, Ouali U, Pantovic-Stefanovic M, Pariwatcharakul P, Petite J, Pfennig A, Ruiz YP, Pilhatsch M, Pinna M, Pompili M, Porter R, Quiroz D, Rabelo-da-Ponte FD, Ramesar R, Rasgon N, Ratta-Apha W, Ratzenhofer M, Redahan M, Reddy MS, Reif A, Reininghaus EZ, Richards JG, Ritter P, Rybakowski JK, Sathyaputri L, Scippa ÂM, Simhandl C, Severus E, Smith D, Smith J, Stackhouse PW, Stein DJ, Stilwell K, Strejilevich S, Su KP, Subramaniam M, Sulaiman AH, Suominen K, Tanra AJ, Tatebayashi Y, Teh WL, Tondo L, Torrent C, Tuinstra D, Uchida T, Vaaler AE, Veeh J, Vieta E, Viswanath B, Yoldi-Negrete M, Yalcinkaya OK, Young AH, Zgueb Y, Whybrow PC. Variations in seasonal solar insolation are associated with a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder. Int J Bipolar Disord 2021; 9:26. [PMID: 34467430 PMCID: PMC8408297 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-021-00231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bipolar disorder is associated with circadian disruption and a high risk of suicidal behavior. In a previous exploratory study of patients with bipolar I disorder, we found that a history of suicide attempts was associated with differences between winter and summer levels of solar insolation. The purpose of this study was to confirm this finding using international data from 42% more collection sites and 25% more countries. Methods Data analyzed were from 71 prior and new collection sites in 40 countries at a wide range of latitudes. The analysis included 4876 patients with bipolar I disorder, 45% more data than previously analyzed. Of the patients, 1496 (30.7%) had a history of suicide attempt. Solar insolation data, the amount of the sun’s electromagnetic energy striking the surface of the earth, was obtained for each onset location (479 locations in 64 countries). Results This analysis confirmed the results of the exploratory study with the same best model and slightly better statistical significance. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempts and the ratio of mean winter insolation to mean summer insolation (mean winter insolation/mean summer insolation). This ratio is largest near the equator which has little change in solar insolation over the year, and smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. Other variables in the model associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts were a history of alcohol or substance abuse, female gender, and younger birth cohort. The winter/summer insolation ratio was also replaced with the ratio of minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation to accommodate insolation patterns in the tropics, and nearly identical results were found. All estimated coefficients were significant at p < 0.01. Conclusion A large change in solar insolation, both between winter and summer and between the minimum and maximum monthly values, may increase the risk of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder. With frequent circadian rhythm dysfunction and suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder, greater understanding of the optimal roles of daylight and electric lighting in circadian entrainment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tasha Glenn
- ChronoRecord Association, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Eric D Achtyes
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Esen Agaoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kürşat Altınbaş
- Department of Psychiatry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Mazhar Osman Mood Center, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elias Angelopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Capodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Edgar Arrua Vares
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Memduha Aydin
- Department of Psychiatry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Ayhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Christopher Baethge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rita Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Munster, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ceylan Balaban
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Aniruddh P Behere
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Michigan State University-CHM, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Prakash B Behere
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Wardha, India
| | - Habte Belete
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Belete
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Gabriel Okawa Belizario
- Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM UMR-S1144, Université de Paris, FondaMental Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Robert H Belmaker
- Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuly Bersudsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer Sheva Mental Health Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Şule Bicakci
- Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Psychiatry, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Thomas D Bjella
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Conan Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jorge Cabrera
- Mood Disorders Clinic, Dr. Jose Horwitz Psychiatric Institute, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Angela Marianne Paredes Castro
- Deakin University, IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wei-Ling Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | | | - Silvia Chiesa
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marie Crowe
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Alessandro Cuomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Dallaspezia
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | | | - Seetal Dodd
- Deakin University, IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Markus Donix
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bruno Etain
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM UMR-S1144, Université de Paris, FondaMental Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Fagiolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy
| | - Frederike T Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Jess G Fiedorowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kostas N Fountoulakis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pierre A Geoffroy
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, Hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.,GHU Paris-Psychiatry and Neurosciences, 75014, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Ana Gonzalez-Pinto
- BIOARABA, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Alava, University of the Basque Country, CIBERSAM, Vitoria, Spain
| | - John F Gottlieb
- Department of Psychiatry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul Grof
- Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bartholomeus C M Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hirohiko Harima
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mathias Hasse-Sousa
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Chantal Henry
- Department of Psychiatry, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, 75014, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Lone Høffding
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Josselin Houenou
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, 94010, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Neurospin, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Erkki T Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maja Ivkovic
- University Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Psychiatry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sven Janno
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Simon Johnsen
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gregory N Karakatsoulis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mathias Kardell
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Seong Jae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Cheongju Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Barbara König
- BIPOLAR Zentrum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Timur L Kot
- Khanty-Mansiysk Clinical Psychoneurological Hospital, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
| | - Michael Koval
- Department of Neuroscience, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mauricio Kunz
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Beny Lafer
- Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik R Larsen
- Mental Health Department Odense, University Clinic and Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Melanie Lenger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ute Lewitzka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rasmus W Licht
- Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo
- Mood Disorders Program, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Research Group in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alan MacKenzie
- Forensic Psychiatry, University of Glasgow, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Jayant Mahadevan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Agustine Mahardika
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mataram University, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Wendy Marsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Klaus Martiny
- Copenhagen University Hospitals, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuki Mashima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Declan M McLoughlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ybe Meesters
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fátima Meza-Urzúa
- National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mok Yee Ming
- Department of General Psychiatry, Mood Disorders Unit, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Scott Monteith
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Traverse City Campus, Traverse City, MI, USA
| | - Muthukumaran Moorthy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Gunnar Morken
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology-NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Psychiatry, St Olavs' University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Enrica Mosca
- Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | | | - Rodrigo Munoz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Fethi Nacef
- Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ravi K Nadella
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Takako Nakanotani
- Affective Disorders Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - René Ernst Nielsen
- Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Claire O'Donovan
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Adel Omrani
- Tunisian Bipolar Forum, Érable Médical Cabinet 324, Lac 2, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yamima Osher
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer Sheva Mental Health Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Uta Ouali
- Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Pornjira Pariwatcharakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joanne Petite
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Andrea Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Maximilian Pilhatsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Elblandklinikum Radebeul, Radebeul, Germany
| | - Marco Pinna
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Lucio Bini Mood Disorder Center, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Richard Porter
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Danilo Quiroz
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Diego Portales University, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Raj Ramesar
- SA MRC Genomic and Precision Medicine Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Natalie Rasgon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Woraphat Ratta-Apha
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michaela Ratzenhofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Redahan
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M S Reddy
- Asha Bipolar Clinic, Asha Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jenny Gringer Richards
- Departments of Psychiatry, Epidemiology, and Internal Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Philipp Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Leela Sathyaputri
- Departments of Psychiatry, Epidemiology, and Internal Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ângela M Scippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Christian Simhandl
- Bipolar Zentrum Wiener Neustadt, Sigmund Freud Privat Universität, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emanuel Severus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - José Smith
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Neuroscience Institute, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paul W Stackhouse
- Science Directorate/Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, MRC Unit On Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kellen Stilwell
- Pine Rest Christian Mental Health Services, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Sergio Strejilevich
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Neuroscience Institute, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- College of Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), Taichung, Taiwan.,An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kirsi Suominen
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, Psychiatry, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andi J Tanra
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Yoshitaka Tatebayashi
- Affective Disorders Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wen Lin Teh
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leonardo Tondo
- McLean Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Mood Disorder Lucio Bini Centers, Cagliari e Roma, Italy
| | - Carla Torrent
- Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Tuinstra
- Pine Rest Christian Mental Health Services, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Takahito Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arne E Vaaler
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology-NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Psychiatry, St Olavs' University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Veeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Maria Yoldi-Negrete
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oguz Kaan Yalcinkaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yosra Zgueb
- Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Peter C Whybrow
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kaboli PJ, Augustine MR, Haraldsson B, Mohr NM, Howren MB, Jones MP, Trivedi R. Association between acute psychiatric bed availability in the Veterans Health Administration and veteran suicide risk: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Qual Saf 2021; 31:442-449. [PMID: 34400537 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2020-012975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Veteran suicides have increased despite mental health investments by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). OBJECTIVE To examine relationships between suicide and acute inpatient psychiatric bed occupancy and other community, hospital and patient factors. METHODS Retrospective cohort study using administrative and publicly available data for contextual community factors. The study sample included all veterans enrolled in VHA primary care in 2011-2016 associated with 111 VHA hospitals with acute inpatient psychiatric units. Acute psychiatric bed occupancy, as a measure of access to care, was the main exposure of interest and was categorised by quarter as per cent occupied using thresholds of ≤85%, 85.1%-90%, 90.1%-95% and >95%. Hospital-level analyses were conducted using generalised linear mixed models with random intercepts for hospital, modelling number of suicides by quarter with a negative binomial distribution. RESULTS From 2011 to 2016, the national incidence of suicide among enrolled veterans increased from 39.7 to 41.6 per 100 000 person-years. VHA psychiatric bed occupancy decreased from a mean of 68.2% (IQR 56.5%-82.2%) to 65.4% (IQR 53.9%-79.9%). VHA hospitals with the highest occupancy (>95%) in a quarter compared with ≤85% had an adjusted incident rate ratio (IRR) for suicide of 1.10 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.19); no increased risk was observed for 85.1%-90% (IRR 0.96; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.03) or 90.1%-95% (IRR 0.96; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.04) compared with ≤85% occupancy. Of hospital and community variables, suicide risk was not associated with number of VHA or non-VHA psychiatric beds or amount spent on community mental health. Suicide risk increased by age categories, seasons, geographic regions and over time. CONCLUSIONS High VHA hospital occupancy (>95%) was associated with a 10% increased suicide risk for veterans whereas absolute number of beds was not, suggesting occupancy is an important access measure. Future work should clarify optimal bed occupancy to meet acute psychiatric needs and ensure adequate bed distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Kaboli
- Veterans Rural Health Resource Center-Iowa City, VA Office of Rural Health, and Center for Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE) at the Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, USA .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew R Augustine
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bjarni Haraldsson
- Veterans Rural Health Resource Center-Iowa City, VA Office of Rural Health, and Center for Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE) at the Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nicholas M Mohr
- Veterans Rural Health Resource Center-Iowa City, VA Office of Rural Health, and Center for Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE) at the Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M Bryant Howren
- Veterans Rural Health Resource Center-Iowa City, VA Office of Rural Health, and Center for Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE) at the Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Michael P Jones
- Veterans Rural Health Resource Center-Iowa City, VA Office of Rural Health, and Center for Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE) at the Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ranak Trivedi
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Division of Public Mental Health and Population Sciences, Deptartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Fakhari A, Farahbakhsh M, Esmaeili ED, Azizi H. A longitudinal study of suicide and suicide attempt in northwest of Iran: incidence, predictors, and socioeconomic status and the role of sociocultural status. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1486. [PMID: 34330239 PMCID: PMC8323272 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A detailed community-level understanding of socioeconomic status (SES) and sociocultural status (SCS) of suicides and suicide attempters (SAs) in a prospective design could have significant implications for policymakers at the local prevention and treatment levels. The effect of SCS and SES on SAs is poorly understood and investigated in Iran. The present study aimed to investigate the incidence, trend, and role of SES and SCS on suicide and SAs. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted based on the registry for SAs in Malekan County, Iran, from 2015 to 2018. Demographic characteristics, SES, SCS, incidence rates, and predictors of suicidal behaviors were measured via structured instruments. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 853 SAs (32 suicides and 821 attempts) were identified during the study. Trend analysis revealed that the suicide rate significantly decreased from 2014 (10.28) to 2018 (1.75) per 100,000. In the final multiple variable models, age (26–40), male sex, unemployment, antisocial activities, history of SA, hanging method, and season (spring) increased the suicide risk while religious commitment had protective effects on suicide. Conclusions Our findings indicated that demographic characteristics, low SES, and SCS are associated with suicide. In this county, trend of suicide and SA were decreased from 2014 to 2018. This study findings highlight the need to consider a wide range of contextual variables, socio-demographic, SES, and SCS in suicide prevention strategies. Improving inter-sectoral collaborations and policymakers’ attitudes are imperative for SA reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fakhari
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Medical Education Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Farahbakhsh
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hosein Azizi
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yosep I, Mediani HS, Sriati A. Experiences of Violence Among Individuals With Schizophrenia in Indonesia: A Phenomenological Study. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2021; 59:41-46. [PMID: 34251933 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20210528-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia have a greater risk of violence compared to the general population. However, the contribution of schizophrenia to violence is heavily debated and remains unclear. The purpose of the current phenomenological study was to explore experiences of violence among individuals with schizophrenia (N = 40, mean age = 35.6 years) in West Java, Indonesia. A purposive sampling method was used to select participants from main referral hospitals. Focus group discussions were held, revealing two main themes-victimization by nurses and victimization by family-and eight sub-themes. Sub-themes for victimization by nurses included physical violence, verbal violence, restraint, neglected basic human needs, and no informed consent. Sub-themes for victimization by family were physical violence, verbal violence, and deception. Patients with schizophrenia have the same rights as all other patients, including the right to dignified treatment, the right to informed consent, and the right to patient safety. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(x), xx-xx.].
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Guseva Canu I, Bovio N, Wild P, Bopp M. Identification of socio-demographic, occupational, and societal factors for guiding suicide prevention: A cohort study of Swiss male workers (2000-2014). Suicide Life Threat Behav 2021; 51:540-553. [PMID: 33724520 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We modeled suicidal rate among Swiss working-age males, considering three groups of factors at socio-demographic, occupational, and societal levels jointly. Our goal was twofold: to verify the effect of occupation after adjustment for non-occupational factors and to identify protective and risk factors relevant for suicide prevention in working male adults. METHODS The study population included all men aged [18-65] years at the 2000 population census and followed up within the Swiss National Cohort (SNC). The risk of suicide was modeled using Poisson regression. RESULTS The cohort comprised 1,534,564 men and 4371 deaths by suicide. Suicide rate varied significantly according to age, civil status, nationality, highest education achieved, and socio-professional category at socio-demographic level; occupation, occupational activity branch, weekly working hours, and home-to-work commute time at occupational level; calendar period of death, region, religious affiliation, and volunteering activity at societal level. After adjustment for non-occupational factors, agricultural and fishery laborers, military and civil security workers, and health and social workers were identified as high-risk groups with respect to suicide. CONCLUSION This study evidenced a complex web of factors at socio-demographic, occupational, and societal levels behind the suicide in Swiss male workers and identified the most at-risk groups, deserving targeted prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bovio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | - Matthias Bopp
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Sunshine, temperature and suicidal behaviour in patients treated with antidepressants: an explorative nested case-control study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10178. [PMID: 33986315 PMCID: PMC8119497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to explore if different exposure windows for sunshine or temperature are associated with increased suicidal behaviour among people starting antidepressant treatment. 307 completed and 1674 attempted suicides were included as cases in the conditional logistic regression analyses, while controlling for potential confounders, including season, as well as temperature and hours of sunshine when these variables were not the main exposure variable. Ten controls were matched to each case using risk-set sampling. The role of season, age, and sex was examined with likelihood ratio tests (LRTs) with and without the respective interaction terms and with stratified analyses. There was no overall association between temperature or sunshine with suicidal behaviour. Age was a significant effect modifier for suicide and suicide attempt for both sunshine and temperature exposure. In stratified analyses, an increase of one degree Celsius in the average daily temperature during the last 4 weeks was associated, in the unadjusted model, with a 3% increase in the rate of suicide (p = 0.023) amongst older patients (65+). In the same age group, an increase of 1 h in the average daily sunshine during the last 4 weeks was associated with an 8% increase in the rate of suicide attempt (p = 0.002), while the respective increase for the exposure period of 5–8 weeks was 7% (p = 0.007). An increase of one degree Celsius in the average daily temperature during the last 4 weeks was associated with a 3% increase in the rate of suicide attempt (p = 0.007). These associations did not retain statistical significance in the adjusted models. No associations were found in the other age groups. Our results point to a possible effect modification by age, with higher risk of suicidal behavior associated with an increase in sunshine and temperature found in the older age groups.
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Yu J, Park J, Choi T, Hashizume M, Kim Y, Honda Y, Chung Y. Nonparametric Bayesian Functional Meta-Regression: Applications in Environmental Epidemiology. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL, BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13253-020-00409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aguglia A, Amerio A, Asaro P, Caprino M, Conigliaro C, Giacomini G, Parisi VM, Trabucco A, Amore M, Serafini G. High-lethality of suicide attempts associated with platelet to lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume in psychiatric inpatient setting. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:119-127. [PMID: 32338121 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1761033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A wide range of potential psychosocial, biological, genetic and environmental factors may interact with each other in determining suicidal behaviours. The aim of this study was to evaluate several biological parameters referred to the complete blood count values in 259 suicide attempters (SA) and 164 non-suicide attempters (control group), according to the lethality of suicidal behaviour. METHODS After attempting suicide, subjects were admitted to the emergency ward of the IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino and later to the section of Psychiatry from 1 January 2014 to 31 June 2019. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as blood cells, were collected. RESULTS Individuals with high-lethality suicide attempts had a higher number of neutrophils, mean platelet volume, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and lower number of lymphocytes relative to both those with low-lethality suicide attempts and control group. After regression analysis, only the mean platelet volume and platelet to lymphocyte ratio resulted associated with a high-lethality suicide attempt (HLSA). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide potential and useful peripheral biological markers able to help clinicians in understanding the complex phenomenon of suicide. However, further studies are needed to confirm the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aguglia
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pietro Asaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matilde Caprino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudia Conigliaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giacomini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valentina Maria Parisi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alice Trabucco
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Oladunjoye AO, Oladunjoye OO, Ayeni OA, Olubiyi O, Fuchs A, Gurski J, Yee MR, Espiridion ED. Seasonal Trends in Hospitalization of Attempted Suicide and Self-Inflicted Injury in United States Adults. Cureus 2020; 12:e10830. [PMID: 33173636 PMCID: PMC7645303 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States (US) and the prevalence continues to increase. It is estimated that there is an average of 25 attempted suicides for every suicide death in the US, and the economic burden of suicide and attempted suicide is high. Identification of those at risk for suicide and attempted suicide can help with early and prompt intervention. Studies in Europe and Asia have shown that there is a relationship between seasonal patterns and suicidal risk. However, little is known about seasonal patterns of suicidal attempts in the US. Therefore, our study aimed to assess seasonal patterns by days of the week and months of the year in the US. Methods Hospitalized adult patients with suicide attempts and self-inflicted injury were identified using the discharge data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014. We looked at the seasonal trends of patients with attempted suicide and self-inflicted injury by weekday vs weekend and month of the year over the five-year study period. We also assessed two groups, male and female with attempted suicide and compared trends and contributing risk factors over the study period using Student’s t-test and chi-square test. Results A total of 249,845 patients with attempted suicide and self-inflicted injury were reported during the study period with a prevalence rate increase of 15%, among which 70% were males, 65.5% white and 38.8% were age 40-64 years. An overall prevalence rate of about 168-200 per 100,000 hospitalizations was reported. There was a higher admission rate on weekends as compared to weekdays (190-300 vs 150-178 per 100,000 hospitalizations). Attempted suicide and self-inflicted injury admissions peaked during the months of July and August with a peak period range of 200-230 per 100,000 hospitalizations in a year. Conclusion The prevalence of attempted suicide is steadily rising. Awareness of the seasonal and epidemiological trends of attempted suicide and self-inflicted injury is a very important step towards developing effective strategies to prevent suicide and attempted suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeolu O Oladunjoye
- Psychiatry, Reading Hospital Tower Health, West Reading, USA.,Medical Critical Care, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anna Fuchs
- Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, West Reading, USA
| | - John Gurski
- Psychiatry, Reading Hospital Tower Health, West Reading, USA
| | - Maria Ruiza Yee
- Psychiatry, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.,Psychiatry, Reading Hospital Tower Health, West Reading, USA.,Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Eduardo D Espiridion
- Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.,Psychiatry, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, USA.,Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Martinsburg, USA.,Psychiatry, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.,Psychiatry, Reading Hospital Tower Health, West Reading, USA
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47
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Kayipmaz S, San I, Usul E, Korkut S. The effect of meteorological variables on suicide. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:1593-1598. [PMID: 32440830 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to reveal the relationship between the meteorological variables and suicide rates (completed suicides and suicide attempts) independently of the seasonal cycle and holiday effects. This is an observational retrospective study. We collected the data on age, gender, and suicide method of all suicide cases transferred to hospitals from the scene by emergency medical services as well as those cases in which the victim died on the scene between January 1, 2017 and June 30, 2019. We also collected data on maximum, minimum, and average temperatures (°C), average humidity (%), and average actual pressure (hPa) measured daily in Ankara. The total number of cases due to suicide between the given dates was 6777. The suicide method in 60.1% of the cases was drug poisoning, which was the most common suicide method. Investigating the effect of meteorological variables on suicide cases (suicide attempts and completed suicides), the present study found that after smoothing the effect of the day of the week and seasonality, an increase in the minimum temperature on the day of the application by 1 unit (1°C degree) leads to an increase in the number of suicides by 0.01 point (0.01 ± 0.005, p = 0.046). There was no significant change in the variables other than the minimum temperature. We believe that the results of the present study will contribute to growing body literature about the epidemiology of suicide. We also believe that there is a need for large-scale studies that include individual data to reveal causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvi Kayipmaz
- Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ishak San
- Provincial Health Directorate of Ankara, Director of Emergency Medical Services, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eren Usul
- Provincial Health Directorate of Ankara, Deputy Director of Emergency Medical Services, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semih Korkut
- Ministry of Health of Turkey, General Director of Emergency Medical Services, Ankara, Turkey
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Chen J, Okimura K, Yoshimura T. Light and Hormones in Seasonal Regulation of Reproduction and Mood. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5879749. [PMID: 32738138 PMCID: PMC7442225 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Organisms that inhabit the temperate zone exhibit various seasonal adaptive behaviors, including reproduction, hibernation, molting, and migration. Day length, known as photoperiod, is the most noise-free and widely used environmental cue that enables animals to anticipate the oncoming seasons and adapt their physiologies accordingly. Although less clear, some human traits also exhibit seasonality, such as birthrate, mood, cognitive brain responses, and various diseases. However, the molecular basis for human seasonality is poorly understood. Herein, we first review the underlying mechanisms of seasonal adaptive strategies of animals, including seasonal reproduction and stress responses during the breeding season. We then briefly summarize our recent discovery of signaling pathways involved in the winter depression-like phenotype in medaka fish. We believe that exploring the regulation of seasonal traits in animal models will provide insight into human seasonality and aid in the understanding of human diseases such as seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kousuke Okimura
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Abdou R, Cassells D, Berrill J, Hanly J. An empirical investigation of the relationship between business performance and suicide in the US. Soc Sci Med 2020; 264:113256. [PMID: 32861051 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that mortality rates behave pro-cyclically with respect to economic growth, with suicides representing a notable exception that consistently increase in economic downturns. Over recent years, there is ample evidence in the literature that the working environment in the US has deteriorated significantly, suggesting that suicide rates may not necessarily behave in a counter-cyclical manner with business performance. Utilising recent suicide data, this study empirically tests the hypothesis that adverse working conditions over recent years may have resulted in a pro-cyclical relationship between business performance and suicide. Unlike previous studies, we use a stock market index, a leading macroeconomic indicator, to measure economic conditions from a business perspective. We employ the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) co-integration methodology to study the long-run relationship between monthly S&P500 stock market data and age and gender-specific suicide rates during the period January 1999 to July 2017. Our results highlight substantial differences in age groups responses to fluctuations in business performance. We find a clear positive association between business performance and suicide rates for the youngest males and females aged 15-34 years, indicating that there is a human cost associated with improved business performance. Additionally, we investigate the association between economic insecurity, a unique aspect of the recent deterioration in the working environment, using the Implied Volatility Index "VIX" and age and gender-specific suicide rates. Our findings do not support a population-wide adverse impact of economic insecurity on suicide incidences. The exception was males aged 15-24, and females aged 55-64 for whom we find a significant positive association. Teaching work-life management and problem-solving skills to manage everyday work stressors may be important strategies to mitigate the psychological cost of business successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawayda Abdou
- College of Business, Technological University Dublin, Aungier Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Damien Cassells
- College of Business, Technological University Dublin, Aungier Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jenny Berrill
- Trinity Business School, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Jim Hanly
- College of Business, Technological University Dublin, Aungier Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Abstract
AIMS We aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of seasonal suicide patterns among multiple geographically, demographically and socioeconomically diverse populations. METHODS Weekly time-series data of suicide counts for 354 communities in 12 countries during 1986-2016 were analysed. Two-stage analysis was performed. In the first stage, a generalised linear model, including cyclic splines, was used to estimate seasonal patterns of suicide for each community. In the second stage, the community-specific seasonal patterns were combined for each country using meta-regression. In addition, the community-specific seasonal patterns were regressed onto community-level socioeconomic, demographic and environmental indicators using meta-regression. RESULTS We observed seasonal patterns in suicide, with the counts peaking in spring and declining to a trough in winter in most of the countries. However, the shape of seasonal patterns varied among countries from bimodal to unimodal seasonality. The amplitude of seasonal patterns (i.e. the peak/trough relative risk) also varied from 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33-1.62) to 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01-1.1) among 12 countries. The subgroup difference in the seasonal pattern also varied over countries. In some countries, larger amplitude was shown for females and for the elderly population (≥65 years of age) than for males and for younger people, respectively. The subperiod difference also varied; some countries showed increasing seasonality while others showed a decrease or little change. Finally, the amplitude was larger for communities with colder climates, higher proportions of elderly people and lower unemployment rates (p-values < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Despite the common features of a spring peak and a winter trough, seasonal suicide patterns were largely heterogeneous in shape, amplitude, subgroup differences and temporal changes among different populations, as influenced by climate, demographic and socioeconomic conditions. Our findings may help elucidate the underlying mechanisms of seasonal suicide patterns and aid in improving the design of population-specific suicide prevention programmes based on these patterns.
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