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Malik S, Asghar M, Waheed Y. Outlining recent updates on influenza therapeutics and vaccines: A comprehensive review. Vaccine X 2024; 17:100452. [PMID: 38328274 PMCID: PMC10848012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus has presented a considerable healthcare challenge during the past years, particularly in vulnerable groups with compromised immune systems. Therapeutics and vaccination have always been in research annals since the spread of influenza. Efforts have been going on to develop an antiviral therapeutic approach that could assist in better disease management and reduce the overall disease complexity, resistance development, and fatality rates. On the other hand, vaccination presents a chance for effective, long-term, cost-benefit, and preventive response against the morbidity and mortality associated with the influenza. However, the issues of resistance development, strain mutation, antigenic variability, and inability to cure wide-spectrum and large-scale strains of the virus by available vaccines remain there. The article gathers the updated data for the therapeutics and available influenza vaccines, their mechanism of action, shortcomings, and trials under clinical experimentation. A methodological approach has been adopted to identify the prospective therapeutics and available vaccines approved and within the clinical trials against the influenza virus. Review contains influenza therapeutics, including traditional and novel antiviral drugs and inhibitor therapies against influenza virus as well as research trials based on newer drug combinations and latest technologies such as nanotechnology and organic and plant-based natural products. Most recent development of influenza vaccine has been discussed including some updates on traditional vaccination protocols and discussion on next-generation and upgraded novel technologies. This review will help the readers to understand the righteous approach for dealing with influenza virus infection and for deducing futuristic approaches for novel therapeutic and vaccine trials against Influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiza Malik
- Bridging Health Foundation, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sweden
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1401, Lebanon
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Van Reeth K, Parys A, Gracia JCM, Trus I, Chiers K, Meade P, Liu S, Palese P, Krammer F, Vandoorn E. Sequential vaccinations with divergent H1N1 influenza virus strains induce multi-H1 clade neutralizing antibodies in swine. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7745. [PMID: 38008801 PMCID: PMC10679120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines that protect against any H1N1 influenza A virus strain would be advantageous for use in pigs and humans. Here, we try to induce a pan-H1N1 antibody response in pigs by sequential vaccination with antigenically divergent H1N1 strains. Adjuvanted whole inactivated vaccines are given intramuscularly in various two- and three-dose regimens. Three doses of heterologous monovalent H1N1 vaccine result in seroprotective neutralizing antibodies against 71% of a diverse panel of human and swine H1 strains, detectable antibodies against 88% of strains, and sterile cross-clade immunity against two heterologous challenge strains. This strategy outperforms any two-dose regimen and is as good or better than giving three doses of matched trivalent vaccine. Neutralizing antibodies are H1-specific, and the second heterologous booster enhances reactivity with conserved epitopes in the HA head. We show that even the most traditional influenza vaccines can offer surprisingly broad protection if they are administered in an alternative way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien Van Reeth
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Anna Parys
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Ivan Trus
- Dioscuri Centre for RNA-Protein Interactions in Human Health and Disease, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Koen Chiers
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Philip Meade
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elien Vandoorn
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Reid MC, Mittler JE, Murphy JT, Stansfield SE, Goodreau SM, Abernethy N, Herbeck JT. Evolution of HIV virulence in response to disease-modifying vaccines: A modeling study. Vaccine 2023; 41:6461-6469. [PMID: 37714749 PMCID: PMC10721209 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens face a tradeoff with respect to virulence; while more virulent strains often have higher per-contact transmission rates, they are also more likely to kill their hosts earlier. Because virulence is a heritable trait, there is concern that a disease-modifying vaccine, which reduces the disease severity of an infected vaccinee without changing the underlying pathogen genotype, may result in the evolution of higher pathogen virulence. We explored the potential for such virulence evolution with a disease-modifying HIV-1 vaccine in an agent-based stochastic epidemic model of HIV in United States men who have sex with men (MSM). In the model, vaccinated agents received no protection against infection, but experienced lower viral loads and slower disease progression. We compared the genotypic set point viral load (SPVL), a measure of HIV virulence, in populations given vaccines that varied in the degree of SPVL reduction they induce. Sensitivity analyses were conducted under varying vaccine coverage scenarios. With continual vaccination rollout under ideal circumstances of 90 % coverage over thirty years, the genotypic SPVL of vaccinated individuals evolved to become greater than the genotypic SPVL of unvaccinated individuals. This virulence evolution in turn diminished the public health benefit of the vaccine, and in some scenarios resulted in an accelerated epidemic. These findings demonstrate the complexity of viral evolution and have important implications for the design and development of HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C Reid
- Department of Epidemiology, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Magnuson Health Sciences Center, Room F-262, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - John E Mittler
- Department of Microbiology, 750 Republican St., Building F, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | - James T Murphy
- Washington State Department of Ecology, P.O. Box 47600, Olympia, WA 98504, United States
| | - Sarah E Stansfield
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Steven M Goodreau
- Department of Epidemiology, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Magnuson Health Sciences Center, Room F-262, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Department of Anthropology, Box 353100, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Neil Abernethy
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Box 358047, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Department of Health Systems and Population Health, 1959 NE Pacific St, Magnuson Health Sciences Center, Room H-680, Seattle, WA 98195-7660, United States
| | - Joshua T Herbeck
- Department of Global Health, Hans Rosling Center, 3980 15th Ave NE, UW Box #351620, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
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Jiang H, Zhang Z. Immune response in influenza virus infection and modulation of immune injury by viral neuraminidase. Virol J 2023; 20:193. [PMID: 37641134 PMCID: PMC10463456 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses cause severe respiratory illnesses in humans and animals. Overreaction of the innate immune response to influenza virus infection results in hypercytokinemia, which is responsible for mortality and morbidity. The influenza A virus surface glycoprotein neuraminidase (NA) plays a vital role in viral attachment, entry, and virion release from infected cells. NA acts as a sialidase, which cleaves sialic acids from cell surface proteins and carbohydrate side chains on nascent virions. Here, we review progress in understanding the role of NA in modulating host immune response to influenza virus infection. We also discuss recent exciting findings targeting NA protein to interrupt influenza-induced immune injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Jiang
- The People's Hospital of Dayi Country, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zongde Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Dayi Country, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Barni L, Carrasco-Vega E, Olivieri M, Galán-Mercant A, Guiducci S, Picariello F, González-Sánchez M. Does Physical Exercise Enhance the Immune Response after Vaccination? A Systematic Review for Clinical Indications of COVID-19 Vaccine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5183. [PMID: 36982095 PMCID: PMC10049110 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulating protective immunity with vaccines appears to be the most promising option for providing widespread moderate to high protection against COVID-19 in people over the age of 18. Regular exercise improves the immune response, transmitting possible benefits against virus infections. The aim of this review is to study the effects of physical activity on vaccine injections, helping to develop new recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination campaigns. METHODS A comprehensive review of the existing literature was undertaken using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The internal quality of the studies was assessed according to the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The outcomes analyzed were antibody titer, the level of lymphocytes CD4, CD8, InterLeukin 6 (IL6), leukocytes level, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for overall pain rating, arm and forearm circumferences and volume of oxygen (VO2) peak. RESULTS Fourteen articles were selected for the analysis. The majority of studies were randomized controlled trials (RCT) (n = 8) and controlled trials (CT) (n = 6). According to PEDro, the 'fair' category (n = 7) was the most represented, followed by 'good' (n = 6) and 'excellent' (n = 1). Physical training showed a positive effect on antibody titers of the vaccine; yet, different variables seem to influence antibody titers: higher new vs. old antigen in the vaccine, higher in younger vs. older individuals, and higher in females vs. males. After exercise, when analyzing variables of direct response to the vaccine, such as the amount of CD4, IL-6 and leukocytes, higher levels were observed in the patients who performed physical exercise compared to the control group. In the same way, better results were observed in physiological variables such as VO2 and limb circumferences, or subjective variables such as pain, which showed better results than the control group. CONCLUSIONS The immune response (antibody titers) depends on age, gender and the intensity of physical activity: long-term protocols at moderate intensity are the most recommended. All of these aspects also have to be carefully considered for the COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Barni
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (L.B.); (E.C.-V.); (M.G.-S.)
| | - Elio Carrasco-Vega
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (L.B.); (E.C.-V.); (M.G.-S.)
| | | | - Alejandro Galán-Mercant
- Institute of Biomedicine of Cádiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Serena Guiducci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Divisions of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology AOUC, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Felice Picariello
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Manuel González-Sánchez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (L.B.); (E.C.-V.); (M.G.-S.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Filarial infections compromise influenza vaccination efficacy: Lessons from the mouse. Immunol Lett 2023; 255:62-66. [PMID: 36889363 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Helminth parasites infect more than a quarter of the human population and inflict significant changes to the immunological status of their hosts. Several human studies report impaired responses to vaccinations in helminth-infected individuals. Analysing the impact of helminth infections on the efficacy of influenza vaccinations in the mouse system helps to elucidate the underlying immunological processes. Concurrent infection with the parasitic nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis reduced the quantity and quality of antibody responses to vaccination against seasonal influenza in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. This led to impaired vaccination-induced protection against challenge infections with the human pathogenic 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus in helminth-infected mice. Impaired responses were also observed if vaccinations were performed after immune-driven or drug-induced clearance of a previous helminth infection. Mechanistically, the suppression was associated with a systemic and sustained expansion of IL-10-producing CD4+CD49b+LAG-3+ type 1 regulatory T cells and partially abrogated by in vivo blockade of the IL-10 receptor. In summary, these findings raise the concern that individuals in helminth-endemic areas may not always benefit from vaccinations, even in the absence of an acute and diagnosable helminth infection.
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Enhanced mucosal immune responses and reduced viral load in the respiratory tract of ferrets to intranasal lipid nanoparticle-based SARS-CoV-2 proteins and mRNA vaccines. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:60. [PMID: 36814238 PMCID: PMC9944789 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike the injectable vaccines, intranasal lipid nanoparticle (NP)-based adjuvanted vaccine is promising to protect against local infection and viral transmission. Infection of ferrets with SARS-CoV-2 results in typical respiratory disease and pathology akin to in humans, suggesting that the ferret model may be ideal for intranasal vaccine studies. RESULTS We developed SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine containing both Spike receptor binding domain (S-RBD) and Nucleocapsid (N) proteins (NP-COVID-Proteins) or their mRNA (NP-COVID-mRNA) and NP-monosodium urate adjuvant. Both the candidate vaccines in intranasal vaccinated aged ferrets substantially reduced the replicating virus in the entire respiratory tract. Specifically, the NP-COVID-Proteins vaccine did relatively better in clearing the virus from the nasal passage early post challenge infection. The immune gene expression in NP-COVID-Proteins vaccinates indicated increased levels of mRNA of IFNα, MCP1 and IL-4 in lungs and nasal turbinates, and IFNγ and IL-2 in lungs; while proinflammatory mediators IL-1β and IL-8 mRNA levels in lungs were downregulated. In NP-COVID-Proteins vaccinated ferrets S-RBD and N protein specific IgG antibodies in the serum were substantially increased at both day post challenge (DPC) 7 and DPC 14, while the virus neutralizing antibody titers were relatively better induced by mRNA versus the proteins-based vaccine. In conclusion, intranasal NP-COVID-Proteins vaccine induced balanced Th1 and Th2 immune responses in the respiratory tract, while NP-COVID-mRNA vaccine primarily elicited antibody responses. CONCLUSIONS Intranasal NP-COVID-Proteins vaccine may be an ideal candidate to elicit increased breadth of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Kontowicz E, Moreno-Madriñan M, Ragland D, Beauvais W. A stochastic compartmental model to simulate intra- and inter-species influenza transmission in an indoor swine farm. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278495. [PMID: 37141248 PMCID: PMC10159208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Common in swine production worldwide, influenza causes significant clinical disease and potential transmission to the workforce. Swine vaccines are not universally used in swine production, due to their limited efficacy because of continuously evolving influenza viruses. We evaluated the effects of vaccination, isolation of infected pigs, and changes to workforce routine (ensuring workers moved from younger pig batches to older pig batches). A Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered model was used to simulate stochastic influenza transmission during a single production cycle on an indoor hog growing unit containing 4000 pigs and two workers. The absence of control practices resulted in 3,957 pigs [0-3971] being infected and a 0.61 probability of workforce infection. Assuming incoming pigs had maternal-derived antibodies (MDAs), but no control measures were applied, the total number of infected pigs reduced to 1 [0-3958] and the probability of workforce infection was 0.25. Mass vaccination (40% efficacious) of incoming pigs also reduced the total number of infected pigs to 2362 [0-2374] or 0 [0-2364] in pigs assumed to not have MDAs and have MDAs, respectively. Changing the worker routine by starting with younger to older pig batches, reduced the number of infected pigs to 996 [0-1977] and the probability of workforce infection (0.22) in pigs without MDAs. In pigs with MDAs the total number of infected pigs was reduced to 0 [0-994] and the probability of workforce infection was 0.06. All other control practices alone, showed little improvement in reducing total infected pigs and the probability of workforce infection. Combining all control strategies reduced the total number of infected pigs to 0 or 1 with a minimal probability of workforce infection (<0.0002-0.01). These findings suggest that non-pharmaceutical interventions can reduce the impact of influenza on swine production and workers when efficacious vaccines are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kontowicz
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Max Moreno-Madriñan
- Global Health Program, DePauw University, Greencastle, Indiana
- Department of Global Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Darryl Ragland
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Wendy Beauvais
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Gao H, Liu K, Zhang L, Wang Y, Fu X, Guo Y, Bai M, Shen Y, Wang M. Palmitic acid-modified GnRH-Th epitope peptide immunocastration vaccine (W/O/W adjuvant) can effectively ensure the castration and reduce the smelly smell in boars. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1174770. [PMID: 37168095 PMCID: PMC10164922 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1174770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in inhibiting testicular growth and development in male animals to achieve castration while improving the meat quality of various livestock species, including cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. Methods In this research, a GnRH-Th vaccine was synthesized using the Fmoc solid-phase synthesis technique, and the T helper (Th) antigen was modified with palmitic acid to improve its efficacy. The vaccine was then coated with a water-in-oil-in-water adjuvant to improve stability and safety. After passing safety and stability tests, the vaccine was administered to 13-week-old boars. Results The results showed that it was stable, safe, and effective for up to 15 months. Moreover, the vaccine did not negatively affect the growth rate and body weight of the pigs. The palmitic acid-modified "GnRH-Th epitope peptide immunocastration vaccine (Water-in-Oil-in-Water (W/O/W)) effectively reduced the testosterone concentration and achieved castration. The concentration of androstenone and skatole hormones significantly decreased, leading to improved meat quality in the boars. The boars were then slaughtered at 33 weeks of age, and the results showed that the meat quality of the vaccinated boars was superior to that of the non-vaccinated control group (p < 0.05). Discussion This study demonstrated that GnRH can safely and effectively achieve immune castration in boars after coupling T cell epitopes, palmitic acid modification and W-O-W coating. Provide a better method for the further development of GnRH and the realization of animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Ringpu Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Dr. Bing Zhang Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tianjin Ringpu Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yongfang Wang
- Tianjin Customs Animal and Plant and Foodstuffs Inspection Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xubin Fu
- Tianjin Ringpu Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- Tianjin Ringpu Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Bai
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanbing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Min Wang,
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Parys A, Vandoorn E, Chiers K, Passvogel K, Fuchs W, Mettenleiter TC, Van Reeth K. Exploring Prime-Boost Vaccination Regimens with Different H1N1 Swine Influenza A Virus Strains and Vaccine Platforms. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1826. [PMID: 36366335 PMCID: PMC9699596 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous vaccination study in pigs, heterologous prime-boost vaccination with whole-inactivated H1N1 virus vaccines (WIV) induced superior antibody responses and protection compared to homologous prime-boost vaccination. However, no pan-H1 antibody response was induced. Therefore, to stimulate both local and systemic immune responses, we first vaccinated pigs intranasally with a pseudorabies vector vaccine expressing the pH1N1 hemagglutinin (prvCA09) followed by a homologous or heterologous WIV booster vaccine. Homologous and heterologous WIV-WIV vaccinated groups and mock-vaccinated or prvCA09 single-vaccinated pigs served as control groups. Five weeks after the second vaccination, pigs were challenged with a homologous pH1N1 or one of two heterologous H1N2 swine influenza A virus strains. A single prvCA09 vaccination resulted in complete protection against homologous challenge, and vector-WIV vaccinated groups were significantly better protected against heterologous challenge compared to the challenge control group or WIV-WIV vaccinated groups. Furthermore, vector-WIV vaccination resulted in broader hemagglutination inhibition antibody responses compared to WIV-WIV vaccination and higher numbers of antibody-secreting cells in peripheral blood, draining lymph nodes and nasal mucosa. However, even though vector-WIV vaccination induced stronger antibody responses and protection, we still failed to induce a pan-H1 antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Parys
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Elien Vandoorn
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Katharina Passvogel
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Walter Fuchs
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas C. Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristien Van Reeth
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Subbbiah J, Oh J, Kim KH, Shin CH, Park BR, Bhatnagar N, Jung YJ, Lee Y, Wang BZ, Seong BL, Kang SM. Thermostable H1 hemagglutinin stem with M2e epitopes provides broad cross-protection against group1 and 2 influenza A viruses. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 26:38-51. [PMID: 35755946 PMCID: PMC9198381 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hemagglutinin (HA) stem-based vaccines have limitations in providing broad and effective protection against cross-group influenza viruses, despite being a promising universal vaccine target. To overcome the limited cross-protection and low efficacy by HA stem vaccination, we genetically engineered a chimeric conjugate of thermostable H1 HA stem and highly conserved M2e repeat (M2e-H1stem), which was expressed at high yields in Escherichia coli. M2e-H1stem protein presented native-like epitopes reactive to antisera of live virus infection. M2e-H1stem protein vaccination of mice induced strong M2e- and HA stem-specific immune responses, conferring broadly effective cross-protection against both antigenically distinct group 1 (H1N1, H5N1, and H9N2 subtypes) and group 2 (H3N2 and H7N9 subtypes) seasonal and pandemic potential influenza viruses. M2e-H1stem vaccination generated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and antibody-dependent cytotoxic cellular and humoral immunity, which contributed to enhancing cross-protection. Furthermore, comparable broad cross-group protection was observed in older aged mice after M2e-H1stem vaccination. This study provides evidence warranting further development of chimeric M2e-stem proteins as a promising universal influenza vaccine candidate in adult and aged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeva Subbbiah
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, PSC 718 P.O. Box 5035, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Judy Oh
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, PSC 718 P.O. Box 5035, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, PSC 718 P.O. Box 5035, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Chong Hyun Shin
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, PSC 718 P.O. Box 5035, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Bo Ryoung Park
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, PSC 718 P.O. Box 5035, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Noopur Bhatnagar
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, PSC 718 P.O. Box 5035, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, PSC 718 P.O. Box 5035, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, PSC 718 P.O. Box 5035, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, PSC 718 P.O. Box 5035, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Baik-Lin Seong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Vaccine Innovative Technology Alliance (VITAL), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, PSC 718 P.O. Box 5035, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Corresponding author Sang-Moo Kang, PhD, Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, PSC 718 P.O. Box 5035, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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12
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Pre-existing helminth infection impairs the efficacy of adjuvanted influenza vaccination in mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266456. [PMID: 35358281 PMCID: PMC8970517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The world health organization estimates that more than a quarter of the human population is infected with parasitic worms that are called helminths. Many helminths suppress the immune system of their hosts to prolong their survival. This helminth-induced immunosuppression “spills over” to unrelated antigens and can suppress the immune response to vaccination against other pathogens. Indeed, several human studies have reported a negative correlation between helminth infections and responses to vaccinations. Using mice that are infected with the parasitic nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis as a model for chronic human filarial infections, we reported previously that concurrent helminth infection impaired the vaccination-induced protection against the human pathogenic 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus (2009 pH1N1). Vaccinated, helminth-infected mice produced less neutralizing, influenza-specific antibodies than vaccinated naïve control mice. Consequently helminth-infected and vaccinated mice were not protected against a challenge infection with influenza virus but displayed high virus burden in the lung and a transient weight loss. In the current study we tried to improve the vaccination efficacy using vaccines that are licensed for humans. We either introduced a prime-boost vaccination regimen using the non-adjuvanted anti-influenza vaccine Begripal or employed the adjuvanted influenza vaccine Fluad. Although both strategies elevated the production of influenza-specific antibodies and protected mice from the transient weight loss that is caused by an influenza challenge infection, sterile immunity was not achieved. Helminth-infected vaccinated mice still had high virus burden in the lung while non-helminth-infected vaccinated mice rapidly cleared the virus. In summary we demonstrate that basic improvements of influenza vaccination regimen are not sufficient to confer sterile immunity on the background of helminth-induced immunosuppression, despite amelioration of pathology i.e. weight loss. Our findings highlight the risk of failed vaccinations in helminth-endemic areas, especially in light of the ongoing vaccination campaign to control the COVID-19 pandemic.
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13
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Stetter N, Hartmann W, Brunn ML, Stanelle-Bertram S, Gabriel G, Breloer M. A Combination of Deworming and Prime-Boost Vaccination Regimen Restores Efficacy of Vaccination Against Influenza in Helminth-Infected Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 12:784141. [PMID: 34992602 PMCID: PMC8724120 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminths still infect a quarter of the human population. They manage to establish chronic infections by downmodulating the immune system of their hosts. Consequently, the immune response of helminth-infected individuals to vaccinations may be impaired as well. Here we study the impact of helminth-induced immunomodulation on vaccination efficacy in the mouse system. We have previously shown that an underlying Litomosoides sigmodontis infection reduced the antibody (Ab) response to anti-influenza vaccination in the context of a systemic expansion of type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1). Most important, vaccine-induced protection from a challenge infection with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus (2009 pH1N1) was impaired in vaccinated, L. sigmodontis-infected mice. Here, we aim at the restoration of vaccination efficacy by drug-induced deworming. Treatment of mice with Flubendazole (FBZ) resulted in elimination of viable L. sigmodontis parasites in the thoracic cavity after two weeks. Simultaneous FBZ-treatment and vaccination did not restore Ab responses or protection in L. sigmodontis-infected mice. Likewise, FBZ-treatment two weeks prior to vaccination did not significantly elevate the influenza-specific Ig response and did not protect mice from a challenge infection with 2009 pH1N1. Analysis of the regulatory T cell compartment revealed that L. sigmodontis-infected and FBZ-treated mice still displayed expanded Tr1 cell populations that may contribute to the sustained suppression of vaccination responses in successfully dewormed mice. To outcompete this sustained immunomodulation in formerly helminth-infected mice, we finally combined the drug-induced deworming with an improved vaccination regimen. Two injections with the non-adjuvanted anti-influenza vaccine Begripal conferred 60% protection while MF59-adjuvanted Fluad conferred 100% protection from a 2009 pH1N1 infection in FBZ-treated, formerly L. sigmodontis-infected mice. Of note, applying this improved prime-boost regimen did not restore protection in untreated L. sigmodontis-infected mice. In summary our findings highlight the risk of failed vaccinations due to helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Stetter
- Section for Molecular Biology and Immunology, Helminth-Immunology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hartmann
- Section for Molecular Biology and Immunology, Helminth-Immunology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Brunn
- Section for Molecular Biology and Immunology, Helminth-Immunology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Stanelle-Bertram
- Research Department for Viral Zoonoses - One Health, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology Heinrich Pette Institute (HPI), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gülsah Gabriel
- Research Department for Viral Zoonoses - One Health, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology Heinrich Pette Institute (HPI), Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Virology, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Minka Breloer
- Section for Molecular Biology and Immunology, Helminth-Immunology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,Department for Biology, University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Vandoorn E, Leroux-Roels I, Leroux-Roels G, Parys A, Vincent A, Van Reeth K. Detection of H1 Swine Influenza A Virus Antibodies in Human Serum Samples by Age Group 1. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:2118-2128. [PMID: 32818398 PMCID: PMC7454048 DOI: 10.3201/eid2609.191796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Most H1 influenza A viruses (IAVs) of swine are derived from past human viruses. As human population immunity against these IAVs gradually decreases, the risk of reintroduction to humans increases. We examined 549 serum samples from persons 0-97 years of age collected in Belgium during 2017-2018 for hemagglutination inhibiting and virus neutralizing antibodies against 7 major H1 swine IAV (swIAV) clades and 3 human progenitor IAVs. Seroprevalence (titers >40) rates were >50% for classical swine and European human-like swIAVs, >24% for North American human-like δ1a and Asian avian-like swIAVs, and <10% for North American human-like δ1b and European avian-like swIAVs, but rates were age-dependent. Antibody titers against human-like swIAVs and supposed human precursor IAVs correlated with correlation coefficients of 0.30-0.86. Our serologic findings suggest that European avian-like, clade 1C.2.1, and North American human-like δ1b, clade 1B.2.2.2, H1 swIAVs pose the highest pandemic risk.
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15
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Daemi HB, Kulyar MFEA, He X, Li C, Karimpour M, Sun X, Zou Z, Jin M. Progression and Trends in Virus from Influenza A to COVID-19: An Overview of Recent Studies. Viruses 2021; 13:1145. [PMID: 34203647 PMCID: PMC8232279 DOI: 10.3390/v13061145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a highly known contagious viral infection that has been responsible for the death of many people in history with pandemics. These pandemics have been occurring every 10 to 30 years in the last century. The most recent global pandemic prior to COVID-19 was the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. A decade ago, the H1N1 virus caused 12,500 deaths in just 19 months globally. Now, again, the world has been challenged with another pandemic. Since December 2019, the first case of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection was detected in Wuhan. This infection has risen rapidly throughout the world; even the World Health Organization (WHO) announced COVID-19 as a worldwide emergency to ensure human health and public safety. This review article aims to discuss important issues relating to COVID-19, including clinical, epidemiological, and pathological features of COVID-19 and recent progress in diagnosis and treatment approaches for the COVID-19 infection. We also highlight key similarities and differences between COVID-19 and influenza A to ensure the theoretical and practical details of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Baghaei Daemi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.B.D.); (X.H.); (C.L.); (X.S.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - Xinlin He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.B.D.); (X.H.); (C.L.); (X.S.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.B.D.); (X.H.); (C.L.); (X.S.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Morteza Karimpour
- Department of Biology, Azad University of Rasht, Rasht 4147654919, Iran;
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.B.D.); (X.H.); (C.L.); (X.S.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.B.D.); (X.H.); (C.L.); (X.S.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.B.D.); (X.H.); (C.L.); (X.S.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
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16
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Differential Influence of Age on the Relationship between Genetic Mismatch and A(H1N1)pdm09 Vaccine Effectiveness. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040619. [PMID: 33916601 PMCID: PMC8065480 DOI: 10.3390/v13040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) and identification of relevant influencing factors are the current priorities for optimizing vaccines to reduce the impacts of influenza. To date, how the difference between epidemic strains and vaccine strains at genetic scale affects age-specific vaccine performance remains ambiguous. This study investigated the association between genetic mismatch on hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes and A(H1N1)pdm09 VE in different age groups with a novel computational approach. We found significant linear relationships between VE and genetic mismatch in children, young adults, and middle-aged adults. In the children’s group, each 3-key amino acid mutation was associated with an average of 10% decrease in vaccine effectiveness in a given epidemic season, and genetic mismatch exerted no influence on VE for the elderly group. We demonstrated that present vaccines were most effective for children, while protection for the elderly was reduced and indifferent to vaccine component updates. Modeling such relationships is practical to inform timely evaluation of VE in different groups of populations during mass vaccination and may inform age-specific vaccination regimens.
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18
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Mancera Gracia JC, Pearce DS, Masic A, Balasch M. Influenza A Virus in Swine: Epidemiology, Challenges and Vaccination Strategies. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:647. [PMID: 33195504 PMCID: PMC7536279 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses cause acute respiratory infections in swine that result in significant economic losses for global pig production. Currently, three different subtypes of influenza A viruses of swine (IAV-S) co-circulate worldwide: H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2. However, the origin, genetic background and antigenic properties of those IAV-S vary considerably from region to region. Pigs could also have a role in the adaptation of avian influenza A viruses to humans and other mammalian hosts, either as intermediate hosts in which avian influenza viruses may adapt to humans, or as a “mixing vessel” in which influenza viruses from various origins may reassort, generating novel progeny viruses capable of replicating and spreading among humans. These potential roles highlight the importance of controlling influenza A viruses in pigs. Vaccination is currently the main tool to control IAV-S. Vaccines containing whole inactivated virus (WIV) with adjuvant have been traditionally used to generate highly specific antibodies against hemagglutinin (HA), the main antigenic protein. WIV vaccines are safe and protect against antigenically identical or very similar strains in the absence of maternally derived antibodies (MDAs). Yet, their efficacy is reduced against heterologous strains, or in presence of MDAs. Moreover, vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD) has been described in pigs vaccinated with WIV vaccines and challenged with heterologous strains in the US. This, together with the increasingly complex epidemiology of SIVs, illustrates the need to explore new vaccination technologies and strategies. Currently, there are two different non-inactivated vaccines commercialized for swine in the US: an RNA vector vaccine expressing the HA of a H3N2 cluster IV, and a bivalent modified live vaccine (MLV) containing H1N2 γ-clade and H3N2 cluster IV. In addition, recombinant-protein vaccines, DNA vector vaccines and alternative attenuation technologies are being explored, but none of these new technologies has yet reached the market. The aim of this article is to provide a thorough review of the current epidemiological scenario of IAV-S, the challenges faced in the control of IAV-S infection and the tools being explored to overcome those challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas S Pearce
- Zoetis Inc., Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Aleksandar Masic
- Zoetis Inc., Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Monica Balasch
- Zoetis Manufacturing & Research Spain S.L. Ctra., Girona, Spain
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19
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Stambas J, Lu C, Tripp RA. Innate and adaptive immune responses in respiratory virus infection: implications for the clinic. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:1141-1147. [PMID: 32762572 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1807945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The innate immune response is the first line of defense and consists of physical, chemical and cellular defenses. The adaptive immune response is the second line of defense and is pathogen-specific. Innate immunity occurs immediately while adaptive immunity develops upon pathogen exposure, and is long-lasting, highly specific, and sustained by memory T cells. Respiratory virus infection typically induces effective immunity but over-exuberant responses are associated with pathophysiology. Cytokines expressed in response to viral infection can enhance biological responses, activate, and trigger signaling pathways leading to adaptive immunity Vaccines induce immunity, specifically B and T cell responses. Vaccination is generally efficacious, but for many viruses, our understanding of vaccination strategies and immunity is incomplete or in its infancy. Studies that examine innate and adaptive immune responses to respiratory virus infection will aid vaccine development and may reduce the burden of respiratory viral disease. AREAS COVERED A literature search was performed using PubMed. The search covered: innate, adaptive, respiratory virus, vaccine development, B cell, and T cell. EXPERT OPINION Immunity rests on two pillars, i.e. the innate and adaptive immune system, which function together on different tasks to maintain homeostasis. a better understanding of immunity is necessary for disease prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Stambas
- School of Medicine, Deakin University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chunni Lu
- School of Medicine, Deakin University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia , Athens, GA, USA
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20
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Hartmann W, Brunn ML, Stetter N, Gagliani N, Muscate F, Stanelle-Bertram S, Gabriel G, Breloer M. Helminth Infections Suppress the Efficacy of Vaccination against Seasonal Influenza. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2243-2256.e4. [PMID: 31747598 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth parasites infect more than a quarter of the human population and inflict significant changes to the immunological status of their hosts. Here, we analyze the impact of helminth infections on the efficacy of vaccinations using Litomosoides sigmodontis-infected mice. Concurrent helminth infection reduces the quantity and quality of antibody responses to vaccination against seasonal influenza. Vaccination-induced protection against challenge infections with the human pathogenic 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus is drastically impaired in helminth-infected mice. Impaired responses are also observed if vaccinations are performed after clearance of a previous helminth infection, suggesting that individuals in helminth-endemic areas may not always benefit from vaccinations, even in the absence of an acute and diagnosable helminth infection. Mechanistically, the suppression is associated with a systemic and sustained expansion of interleukin (IL)-10-producing CD4+CD49+LAG-3+ type 1 regulatory T cells and partially abrogated by in vivo blockade of the IL-10 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Hartmann
- Section for Molecular Biology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Brunn
- Section for Molecular Biology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Stetter
- Section for Molecular Biology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- I Department of Medicine and Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Franziska Muscate
- I Department of Medicine and Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Stanelle-Bertram
- Research Department for Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gülsah Gabriel
- Research Department for Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Virology, University for Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Minka Breloer
- Section for Molecular Biology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
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21
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Nichols MK, Andrew MK, Ye L, Hatchette TF, Ambrose A, Boivin G, Bowie W, Dos Santos G, Elsherif M, Green K, Haguinet F, Katz K, Leblanc J, Loeb M, MacKinnon-Cameron D, McCarthy A, McElhaney JE, McGeer A, Powis J, Richardson D, Semret M, Sharma R, Shinde V, Smyth D, Trottier S, Valiquette L, Webster D, McNeil SA. The Impact of Prior Season Vaccination on Subsequent Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness to Prevent Influenza-related Hospitalizations Over 4 Influenza Seasons in Canada. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 69:970-979. [PMID: 30508064 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated the possibility of negative associations between prior influenza vaccines and subsequent influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE), depending on season and strain. We investigated this association over 4 consecutive influenza seasons (2011-2012 through 2014-2015) in Canada. METHODS Using a matched test-negative design, laboratory-confirmed influenza cases and matched test-negative controls admitted to hospitals were enrolled. Patients were stratified into 4 groups according to influenza vaccine history (not vaccinated current and prior season [referent], vaccinated prior season only, vaccinated current season only, and vaccinated both current and prior season). Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate VE; prior vaccine impact was assessed each season for overall effect and effect stratified by age (<65 years, ≥65 years) and type/subtype (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, influenza B). RESULTS Overall, mainly nonsignificant associations were observed. Trends of nonsignificant decreased VE among patients repeatedly vaccinated in both prior and current season relative to the current season only were observed in the A/H3N2-dominant seasons of 2012-2013 and 2014-2015. Conversely, in 2011-2012, during which B viruses circulated, and in 2013-2014, when A/H1N1 circulated, being vaccinated in both seasons tended to result in a high VE in the current season against the dominant circulating subtype. CONCLUSIONS Prior vaccine impact on subsequent VE among Canadian inpatients was mainly nonsignificant. Even in circumstances where we observed a trend of negative impact, being repeatedly vaccinated was still more effective than not receiving the current season's vaccine. These findings favor continuation of annual influenza vaccination recommendations, particularly in older adults. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT01517191.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Nichols
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - M K Andrew
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - L Ye
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - T F Hatchette
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - A Ambrose
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - G Boivin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Canada
| | - W Bowie
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - G Dos Santos
- Business and Decision Life Sciences, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Present affiliation: GSK, Wavre, Belgium
| | - M Elsherif
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - K Green
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - K Katz
- North York General Hospital, Toronto
| | - J Leblanc
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - M Loeb
- McMaster University, Hamilton
| | - D MacKinnon-Cameron
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | | | | | - A McGeer
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Powis
- Michael Garron Hospital, Toronto
| | | | - M Semret
- McGill University, Montreal, Québec
| | - R Sharma
- GSK, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - V Shinde
- GSK, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania.,Present affiliation: Novavax Vaccines, Washington, D.C
| | - D Smyth
- The Moncton Hospital, New Brunswick
| | - S Trottier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Canada
| | | | - D Webster
- Saint John Hospital Regional Hospital, Dalhousie University, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - S A McNeil
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
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22
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Carroll TD, Jegaskanda S, Matzinger SR, Fritts L, McChesney MB, Kent SJ, Fairman J, Miller CJ. A Lipid/DNA Adjuvant-Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine Protects Rhesus Macaques From Uncontrolled Virus Replication After Heterosubtypic Influenza A Virus Challenge. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:856-867. [PMID: 29701840 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza A virus (IAV) vaccines offer little protection from mismatched viruses with antigenically distant hemagglutinin (HA) glycoproteins. We sought to determine if a cationic lipid/DNA complex (CLDC) adjuvant could induce heterosubtypic protection if added to a whole inactivated IAV vaccine (WIV). Methods Adult rhesus macaques (RMs) were vaccinated and at 2 weeks boosted with either an H1N1-WIV or an H3N2-WIV, with and without CLDC adjuvant. Four weeks postboost, animals were challenged with an H1N1 IAV matched to the H1N1-WIV vaccine. Results After challenge, viral RNA (vRNA) levels in the trachea of control RMs and RMs vaccinated with the unadjuvanted H1 or H3 WIV vaccines were similar. However, vRNA levels in the trachea of both the H1-WIV/CLDC- and the H3-WIV/CLDC-vaccinated RMs (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) were significantly lower than in unvaccinated control RMs. Heterosubtypic protection in H3-WIV/CLDC RMs was associated with significantly higher levels of nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix-1-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies (P < 0.05) and NP-specific nonneutralizing antibody-dependent natural killer cell activation (P < 0.01) compared with unprotected H3-WIV RMs. Conclusions Addition of the CLDC adjuvant to a simple WIV elicited immunity to conserved virus structural proteins in RMs that correlate with protection from uncontrolled virus replication after heterosubtypic influenza virus challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Carroll
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis.,California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis
| | - Sinthujan Jegaskanda
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University
| | - Shannon R Matzinger
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis.,California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis
| | - Linda Fritts
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis.,California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis
| | - Michael B McChesney
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Christopher J Miller
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis.,California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis
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23
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Hay JA, Laurie K, White M, Riley S. Characterising antibody kinetics from multiple influenza infection and vaccination events in ferrets. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007294. [PMID: 31425503 PMCID: PMC6715255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The strength and breadth of an individual's antibody repertoire is an important predictor of their response to influenza infection or vaccination. Although progress has been made in understanding qualitatively how repeated exposures shape the antibody mediated immune response, quantitative understanding remains limited. We developed a set of mathematical models describing short-term antibody kinetics following influenza infection or vaccination and fit them to haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres from 5 groups of ferrets which were exposed to different combinations of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV with or without adjuvant), A/H3N2 priming inoculation and post-vaccination A/H1N1 inoculation. We fit models with various immunological mechanisms that have been empirically observed but have not previously been included in mathematical models of antibody landscapes, including: titre ceiling effects, antigenic seniority and exposure-type specific cross reactivity. Based on the parameter estimates of the best supported models, we describe a number of key immunological features. We found quantifiable differences in the degree of homologous and cross-reactive antibody boosting elicited by different exposure types. Infection and adjuvanted vaccination generally resulted in strong, broadly reactive responses whereas unadjuvanted vaccination resulted in a weak, narrow response. We found that the order of exposure mattered: priming with A/H3N2 improved subsequent vaccine response, and the second dose of adjuvanted vaccination resulted in substantially greater antibody boosting than the first. Either antigenic seniority or a titre ceiling effect were included in the two best fitting models, suggesting a role for a mechanism describing diminishing antibody boosting with repeated exposures. Although there was considerable uncertainty in our estimates of antibody waning parameters, our results suggest that both short and long term waning were present and would be identifiable with a larger set of experiments. These results highlight the potential use of repeat exposure animal models in revealing short-term, strain-specific immune dynamics of influenza.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Computational Biology
- Cross Reactions
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ferrets/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization, Secondary
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Kinetics
- Models, Immunological
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Hay
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Laurie
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Seqirus, 63 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael White
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Steven Riley
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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24
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Jalali SAH, Mohammadinezhad R, Mohammadi A, Latifian MH, Talebi M, Soleimanin-Zad S, Golkar P, Hemmatzadeh F. Molecular evolution and selection pressure analysis of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) revealed the origin and phylogenetic relationship of Iranian isolates in recent epidemics in Iran. Virology 2019; 535:45-58. [PMID: 31272011 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is the causative agent for a lethal salmonid disease. In this study, we surveyed the IHNV's epidemiology, diversity and the origin of infection in Iran. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Iranian isolates belonged to one of the two lineages of E genogroup. Subsequently, a combination of phylogenetic, antigenic and structural analysis was performed to investigate the evolution of E genogroup lineages. Site-specific analysis of the viral glycoprotein showed different co-evolving and positively selected sites in each lineage. Most of these sites were mapped to the predicted antigenic patches of the glycoprotein. Further characterization revealed E lineages can be differentiated, in part, by specific mutations at positions 91 and 130, which are located in the structurally flexible regions of the glycoprotein, suggesting a key adaptative role for these sites. These data may assist in better monitoring the emerging isolates in regions infected to IHNV from E genogroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran; Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Rezvan Mohammadinezhad
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ashraf Mohammadi
- Human Viral vaccine Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Hessark Karadj Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Hassan Latifian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran
| | - Majid Talebi
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran
| | - Sabihe Soleimanin-Zad
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran; Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pouran Golkar
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Farhid Hemmatzadeh
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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25
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Nienen M, Stervbo U, Mölder F, Kaliszczyk S, Kuchenbecker L, Gayova L, Schweiger B, Jürchott K, Hecht J, Neumann AU, Rahmann S, Westhoff T, Reinke P, Thiel A, Babel N. The Role of Pre-existing Cross-Reactive Central Memory CD4 T-Cells in Vaccination With Previously Unseen Influenza Strains. Front Immunol 2019; 10:593. [PMID: 31019503 PMCID: PMC6458262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza vaccination is a common approach to prevent seasonal and pandemic influenza. Pre-existing antibodies against close viral strains might impair antibody formation against previously unseen strains-a process called original antigenic sin. The role of this pre-existing cellular immunity in this process is, despite some hints from animal models, not clear. Here, we analyzed cellular and humoral immunity in healthy individuals before and after vaccination with seasonal influenza vaccine. Based on influenza-specific hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) titers, vaccinees were grouped into HI-negative and -positive cohorts followed by in-depth cytometric and TCR repertoire analysis. Both serological groups revealed cross-reactive T-cell memory to the vaccine strains at baseline that gave rise to the majority of vaccine-specific T-cells post vaccination. On the contrary, very limited number of vaccine-specific T-cell clones was recruited from the naive pool. Furthermore, baseline quantity of vaccine-specific central memory helper T-cells and clonotype richness of this population directly correlated with the vaccination efficacy. Our findings suggest that the deliberate recruitment of pre-existing cross-reactive cellular memory might help to improve vaccination outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikalai Nienen
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrik Stervbo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Immunology and Transplantation, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Felix Mölder
- Genome Informatics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sviatlana Kaliszczyk
- Center for Translational Medicine, Immunology and Transplantation, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Karsten Jürchott
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Hecht
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Avidan U Neumann
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sven Rahmann
- Genome Informatics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Timm Westhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Thiel
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Translational Medicine, Immunology and Transplantation, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Broad Hemagglutinin-Specific Memory B Cell Expansion by Seasonal Influenza Virus Infection Reflects Early-Life Imprinting and Adaptation to the Infecting Virus. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00169-19. [PMID: 30728266 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00169-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) are key determinants of the B cell response to influenza virus infection and vaccination, but the effect of different forms of influenza antigen exposure on MBC populations has received little attention. We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma collected following human H3N2 influenza infection to investigate the relationship between hemagglutinin-specific antibody production and changes in the size and character of hemagglutinin-reactive MBC populations. Infection produced increased concentrations of plasma IgG reactive to the H3 head of the infecting virus, to the conserved stalk, and to a broad chronological range of H3s consistent with original antigenic sin responses. H3-reactive IgG MBC expansion after infection included reactivity to head and stalk domains. Notably, expansion of H3 head-reactive MBC populations was particularly broad and reflected original antigenic sin patterns of IgG production. Findings also suggest that early-life H3N2 infection "imprints" for strong H3 stalk-specific MBC expansion. Despite the breadth of MBC expansion, the MBC response included an increase in affinity for the H3 head of the infecting virus. Overall, our findings indicate that H3-reactive MBC expansion following H3N2 infection is consistent with maintenance of response patterns established early in life, but nevertheless includes MBC adaptation to the infecting virus.IMPORTANCE Rapid and vigorous virus-specific antibody responses to influenza virus infection and vaccination result from activation of preexisting virus-specific memory B cells (MBCs). Understanding the effects of different forms of influenza virus exposure on MBC populations is therefore an important guide to the development of effective immunization strategies. We demonstrate that exposure to the influenza hemagglutinin via natural infection enhances broad protection through expansion of hemagglutinin-reactive MBC populations that recognize head and stalk regions of the molecule. Notably, we show that hemagglutinin-reactive MBC expansion reflects imprinting by early-life infection and that this might apply to stalk-reactive, as well as to head-reactive, MBCs. Our findings provide experimental support for the role of MBCs in maintaining imprinting effects and suggest a mechanism by which imprinting might confer heterosubtypic protection against avian influenza viruses. It will be important to compare our findings to the situation after influenza vaccination.
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27
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Corbett KS, Moin SM, Yassine HM, Cagigi A, Kanekiyo M, Boyoglu-Barnum S, Myers SI, Tsybovsky Y, Wheatley AK, Schramm CA, Gillespie RA, Shi W, Wang L, Zhang Y, Andrews SF, Joyce MG, Crank MC, Douek DC, McDermott AB, Mascola JR, Graham BS, Boyington JC. Design of Nanoparticulate Group 2 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Stem Antigens That Activate Unmutated Ancestor B Cell Receptors of Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Lineages. mBio 2019; 10:e02810-18. [PMID: 30808695 PMCID: PMC6391921 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02810-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza vaccines targeting the highly conserved stem of the hemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein have the potential to protect against pandemic and drifted seasonal influenza viruses not covered by current vaccines. While HA stem-based immunogens derived from group 1 influenza A viruses have been shown to induce intragroup heterosubtypic protection, HA stem-specific antibody lineages originating from group 2 may be more likely to possess broad cross-group reactivity. We report the structure-guided development of mammalian-cell-expressed candidate vaccine immunogens based on influenza A virus group 2 H3 and H7 HA stem trimers displayed on self-assembling ferritin nanoparticles using an iterative, multipronged approach involving helix stabilization, loop optimization, disulfide bond addition, and side-chain repacking. These immunogens were thermostable, formed uniform and symmetric nanoparticles, were recognized by cross-group-reactive broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) with nanomolar affinity, and elicited protective, homosubtypic antibodies in mice. Importantly, several immunogens were able to activate B cells expressing inferred unmutated common ancestor (UCA) versions of cross-group-reactive human bNAbs from two multidonor classes, suggesting they could initiate elicitation of these bNAbs in humans.IMPORTANCE Current influenza vaccines are primarily strain specific, requiring annual updates, and offer minimal protection against drifted seasonal or pandemic strains. The highly conserved stem region of hemagglutinin (HA) of group 2 influenza A virus subtypes is a promising target for vaccine elicitation of broad cross-group protection against divergent strains. We used structure-guided protein engineering employing multiple protein stabilization methods simultaneously to develop group 2 HA stem-based candidate influenza A virus immunogens displayed as trimers on self-assembling nanoparticles. Characterization of antigenicity, thermostability, and particle formation confirmed structural integrity. Group 2 HA stem antigen designs were identified that, when displayed on ferritin nanoparticles, activated B cells expressing inferred unmutated common ancestor (UCA) versions of human antibody lineages associated with cross-group-reactive, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Immunization of mice led to protection against a lethal homosubtypic influenza virus challenge. These candidate vaccines are now being manufactured for clinical evaluation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cross Reactions
- Drug Carriers/metabolism
- Ferritins/metabolism
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Immunity, Heterologous
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Mice
- Protein Multimerization
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizzmekia S Corbett
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Syed M Moin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Qatar University Biomedical Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alberto Cagigi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sky I Myers
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chaim A Schramm
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca A Gillespie
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah F Andrews
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M Gordon Joyce
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle C Crank
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Boyington
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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28
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Gage E, Van Hoeven N, Dubois Cauwelaert N, Larsen SE, Erasmus J, Orr MT, Coler RN. Memory CD4 + T cells enhance B-cell responses to drifting influenza immunization. Eur J Immunol 2018; 49:266-276. [PMID: 30548475 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A annually infects 5-10% of the world's human population resulting in one million deaths. Influenza causes annual epidemics and reinfects previously exposed individuals because of antigenic drift in the glycoprotein hemagglutinin. Due to antigenic drift, the immune system is simultaneously exposed to novel and conserved parts of the influenza virus via vaccination and/or infection throughout life. Preexisting immunity has long been known to augment subsequent hemagglutination inhibitory antibody (hAb) responses. However, the preexisting immunological contributors that influence hAb responses are not understood. Therefore, we adapted and developed sequential infection and immunization mouse models using drifted influenza strains to show that MHC Class II haplotype and T-cell reactivity influences subsequent hAb responses. We found that CB6F1 mice infected with A/CA followed by immunization with A/PR8 have increased hAb responses to A/PR8 compared to C57BL/6 mice. Increased hAb responses in CB6F1 mice were CD4+ T-cell and B-cell dependent and corresponded to increased germinal center A/PR8-specific B and T-follicular helper cells. These results suggest conserved MHC Class II restricted epitopes within HA are essential for B cells to respond to drifting influenza and could be leveraged to boost hAb responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gage
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Neal Van Hoeven
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,PAI Life Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Jesse Erasmus
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark T Orr
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rhea N Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,PAI Life Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
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29
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Van Reeth K. The post-2009 influenza pandemic era: time to revisit antibody immunodominance. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4751-4754. [PMID: 30295644 DOI: 10.1172/jci124151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current inactivated influenza vaccines rely on the induction of neutralizing antibodies against the head domain of the viral hemagglutinin (HA). The HA head contains five immunodominant antigenic sites, all of which are subject to antigenic drift, thereby limiting vaccine efficacy. Bypassing the immune system's tendency to focus on the most variable regions of the HA may be a step toward more broadly protective influenza vaccines. However, this requires a better understanding of the biological meaning of immunodominance, and of the hierarchy between different antigenic sites. In this issue of the JCI, Liu et al. determined the immunodominance of the five antigenic sites of the HA head in experimentally infected mice, guinea pigs, and ferrets. All three species exhibited different preferences for the five sites of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain. Moreover, human subjects exhibited yet a different pattern of immunodominance following immunization with the standard inactivated influenza vaccine. Together, these results have important implications for influenza vaccine design and interpretation of animal models.
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30
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Shirai S, Hara M, Sakata Y, Tsuruoka N, Yamamoto K, Shimoda R, Gomi Y, Yoshii H, Fujimoto K, Iwakiri R. Immunogenicity of Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Undergoing Immunosuppressive Therapy. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24. [PMID: 29538682 PMCID: PMC6176891 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izx101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS No reports have described the immunogenicity and boosting effect of the quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV) in adults with inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Adults with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis were randomly assigned to a single vaccination group or booster group, and a QIV was administered subcutaneously. Serum samples were collected before vaccination, 4 weeks after vaccination, and after the influenza season in the single vaccination group. In the booster group, serum samples were taken before vaccination, 4 weeks after the first vaccination, 4 weeks after the second vaccination, and after the influenza season. We measured hemagglutination inhibition antibody (HAI) titer and calculated the geometric mean titer ratio (GMTR), seroprotection rate, and seroconversion rate. RESULTS In total, 132 patients were enrolled. Twenty-two patients received immunomodulatory monotherapy and 16 received anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) single-agent therapy. Fifteen patients received combination therapy comprising an immunosuppressant and anti-TNF-α agent. Each vaccine strain showed immunogenicity satisfying the European Medicines Agency criteria with a single inoculation. The booster influenza vaccination did not induce additional response. In patients administered infliximab, the seroprotection rate and seroconversion rate tended to be lower in patients who maintained blood concentrations [seroprotection rate: H1N1: OR, 0.37 (95% CI, 0.11-1.21); H3N2: 0.22 (0.07-0.68); seroconversion rate: H1N1: 0.23 (0.06-0.91); H3N2: 0.19 (0.06-0.56)]. CONCLUSION Single dose QIV showed sufficient immunogenicity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and a boost in immunization by additional vaccination was not obtained. Additionally, immunogenicity was low in patients receiving infliximab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Shirai
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga City, Saga, Japan
| | - Megumi Hara
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga City, Saga, Japan,Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga City, Saga, Japan,Address correspondence to: Associate Professor, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga City, Saga 849–8501, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Yasuhisa Sakata
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga City, Saga, Japan
| | - Nanae Tsuruoka
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga City, Saga, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga City, Saga, Japan
| | - Ryo Shimoda
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga City, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Gomi
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kannonji Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hironori Yoshii
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kannonji Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuma Fujimoto
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga City, Saga, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Iwakiri
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga City, Saga, Japan
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31
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Gallinaro A, Borghi M, Bona R, Grasso F, Calzoletti L, Palladino L, Cecchetti S, Vescio MF, Macchia D, Morante V, Canitano A, Temperton N, Castrucci MR, Salvatore M, Michelini Z, Cara A, Negri D. Integrase Defective Lentiviral Vector as a Vaccine Platform for Delivering Influenza Antigens. Front Immunol 2018; 9:171. [PMID: 29459873 PMCID: PMC5807328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral vectors represent an attractive technology for vaccine delivery. We exploited the integrase defective lentiviral vector (IDLV) as a platform for delivering relevant antigens within the context of the ADITEC collaborative research program. In particular, Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and nucleoprotein (NP) were delivered by IDLVs while H1N1 A/California/7/2009 subunit vaccine (HAp) with or without adjuvant was used to compare the immune response in a murine model of immunization. In order to maximize the antibody response against HA, both IDLVs were also pseudotyped with HA (IDLV-HA/HA and IDLV-NP/HA, respectively). Groups of CB6F1 mice were immunized intramuscularly with a single dose of IDLV-NP/HA, IDLV-HA/HA, HAp alone, or with HAp together with the systemic adjuvant MF59. Six months after the vaccine prime all groups were boosted with HAp alone. Cellular and antibody responses to influenza antigens were measured at different time points after the immunizations. Mice immunized with HA-pseudotyped IDLVs showed similar levels of anti-H1N1 IgG over time, evaluated by ELISA, which were comparable to those induced by HAp + MF59 vaccination, but significantly higher than those induced by HAp alone. The boost with HAp alone induced an increase of antibodies in all groups, and the responses were maintained at higher levels up to 18 weeks post-boost. The antibody response was functional and persistent overtime, capable of neutralizing virus infectivity, as evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization assays. Moreover, since neuraminidase (NA)-expressing plasmid was included during IDLV preparation, immunization with IDLV-NP/HA and IDLV-HA/HA also induced functional anti-NA antibodies, evaluated by enzyme-linked lectin assay. IFNγ-ELISPOT showed evidence of HA-specific response in IDLV-HA/HA immunized animals and persistent NP-specific CD8+ T cell response in IDLV-NP/HA immunized mice. Taken together our results indicate that IDLV can be harnessed for producing a vaccine able to induce a comprehensive immune response, including functional antibodies directed toward HA and NA proteins present on the vector particles in addition to a functional T cell response directed to the protein transcribed from the vector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Borghi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bona
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Felicia Grasso
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Calzoletti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Serena Cecchetti
- Confocal Microscopy Unit NMR, Confocal Microscopy Area Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Macchia
- Center for Animal Research and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Morante
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Canitano
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mirella Salvatore
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Zuleika Michelini
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cara
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Negri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Koday MT, Leonard JA, Munson P, Forero A, Koday M, Bratt DL, Fuller JT, Murnane R, Qin S, Reinhart TA, Duus K, Messaoudi I, Hartman AL, Stefano-Cole K, Morrison J, Katze MG, Fuller DH. Multigenic DNA vaccine induces protective cross-reactive T cell responses against heterologous influenza virus in nonhuman primates. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189780. [PMID: 29267331 PMCID: PMC5739435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent avian and swine-origin influenza virus outbreaks illustrate the ongoing threat of influenza pandemics. We investigated immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a multi-antigen (MA) universal influenza DNA vaccine consisting of HA, M2, and NP antigens in cynomolgus macaques. Following challenge with a heterologous pandemic H1N1 strain, vaccinated animals exhibited significantly lower viral loads and more rapid viral clearance when compared to unvaccinated controls. The MA DNA vaccine induced robust serum and mucosal antibody responses but these high antibody titers were not broadly neutralizing. In contrast, the vaccine induced broadly-reactive NP specific T cell responses that cross-reacted with the challenge virus and inversely correlated with lower viral loads and inflammation. These results demonstrate that a MA DNA vaccine that induces strong cross-reactive T cell responses can, independent of neutralizing antibody, mediate significant cross-protection in a nonhuman primate model and further supports development as an effective approach to induce broad protection against circulating and emerging influenza strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merika T. Koday
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jolie A. Leonard
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Paul Munson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Adriana Forero
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael Koday
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Debra L. Bratt
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - James T. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Robert Murnane
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Shulin Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Todd A. Reinhart
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Karen Duus
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States of America
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, Henderson, NV, United States of America
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Hartman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Kelly Stefano-Cole
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Juliet Morrison
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Katze
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Deborah Heydenburg Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Murray J, Todd KV, Bakre A, Orr-Burks N, Jones L, Wu W, Tripp RA. A universal mammalian vaccine cell line substrate. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188333. [PMID: 29176782 PMCID: PMC5703543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using genome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) screens for poliovirus, influenza A virus and rotavirus, we validated the top 6 gene hits PV, RV or IAV to search for host genes that when knocked-down (KD) enhanced virus permissiveness and replication over wild type Vero cells or HEp-2 cells. The enhanced virus replication was tested for 12 viruses and ranged from 2-fold to >1000-fold. There were variations in virus-specific replication (strain differences) across the cell lines examined. Some host genes (CNTD2, COQ9, GCGR, NDUFA9, NEU2, PYCR1, SEC16G, SVOPL, ZFYVE9, and ZNF205) showed that KD resulted in enhanced virus replication. These findings advance platform-enabling vaccine technology, the creation of diagnostic cells substrates, and are informative about the host mechanisms that affect virus replication in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackelyn Murray
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Kyle V. Todd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Abhijeet Bakre
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Nichole Orr-Burks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Les Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Weilin Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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Influenza Vaccination in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID). Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017; 17:78. [PMID: 28983790 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-017-0749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vaccination against influenza in patients with primary antibody deficiency is recommended. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent and clinically relevant antibody deficiency disease and is by definition characterized by an impaired vaccination response. The purpose of this review is to present the current knowledge of humoral and cellular vaccine response to influenza in CVID patients. RECENT FINDINGS Studies conducted in CVID patients demonstrated an impaired humoral response upon influenza vaccination. Data on cellular immune response are in part conflicting, with two out of three studies showing responses similar to healthy controls. Available data suggest a benefit from influenza vaccination in CVID patients. Therefore, annual influenza vaccination in patients and their close household contacts is recommended.
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Morris DE, Cleary DW, Clarke SC. Secondary Bacterial Infections Associated with Influenza Pandemics. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1041. [PMID: 28690590 PMCID: PMC5481322 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower and upper respiratory infections are the fourth highest cause of global mortality (Lozano et al., 2012). Epidemic and pandemic outbreaks of respiratory infection are a major medical concern, often causing considerable disease and a high death toll, typically over a relatively short period of time. Influenza is a major cause of epidemic and pandemic infection. Bacterial co/secondary infection further increases morbidity and mortality of influenza infection, with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus reported as the most common causes. With increased antibiotic resistance and vaccine evasion it is important to monitor the epidemiology of pathogens in circulation to inform clinical treatment and development, particularly in the setting of an influenza epidemic/pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise E. Morris
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton Foundation NHS TrustSouthampton, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Cleary
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton Foundation NHS TrustSouthampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart C. Clarke
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton Foundation NHS TrustSouthampton, United Kingdom
- Global Health Research Institute, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitSouthampton, United Kingdom
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Van Reeth K, Gracia JCM, Trus I, Sys L, Claes G, Versnaeyen H, Cox E, Krammer F, Qiu Y. Heterologous prime-boost vaccination with H3N2 influenza viruses of swine favors cross-clade antibody responses and protection. NPJ Vaccines 2017; 2. [PMID: 29250437 PMCID: PMC5604745 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-017-0012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multiple novel lineages of H1 and H3 influenza A viruses in swine has confounded control by inactivated vaccines. Because of substantial genetic and geographic heterogeneity among circulating swine influenza viruses, one vaccine strain per subtype cannot be efficacious against all of the current lineages. We have performed vaccination-challenge studies in pigs to examine whether priming and booster vaccinations with antigenically distinct H3N2 swine influenza viruses could broaden antibody responses and protection. We prepared monovalent whole inactivated, adjuvanted vaccines based on a European and a North American H3N2 swine influenza virus, which showed 81.5% aa homology in the HA1 region of the hemagglutinin and 83.4% in the neuraminidase. Our data show that (i) Priming with European and boosting with North American H3N2 swine influenza virus induces antibodies and protection against both vaccine strains, unlike prime-boost vaccination with a single virus or a single administration of bivalent vaccine. (ii) The heterologous prime-boost vaccination enhances hemagglutination inhibiting, virus neutralizing and neuraminidase inhibiting antibody responses against H3N2 viruses that are antigenically distinct from both vaccine strains. Antibody titers to the most divergent viruses were higher than after two administrations of bivalent vaccine. (iii) However, it does not induce antibodies to the conserved hemagglutinin stalk or to other hemagglutinin subtypes. We conclude that heterologous prime-boost vaccination might broaden protection to H3N2 swine influenza viruses and reduce the total amount of vaccine needed. This strategy holds potential for vaccination against influenza viruses from both humans and swine and for a better control of (reverse) zoonotic transmission of influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien Van Reeth
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Ivan Trus
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Lieve Sys
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Gerwin Claes
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Han Versnaeyen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Qiu
- OIE Sub-Regional Representation for South-East Asia, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ko EJ, Lee YT, Kim KH, Lee Y, Jung YJ, Kim MC, Lee YN, Kang T, Kang SM. Roles of Aluminum Hydroxide and Monophosphoryl Lipid A Adjuvants in Overcoming CD4+ T Cell Deficiency To Induce Isotype-Switched IgG Antibody Responses and Protection by T-Dependent Influenza Vaccine. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:279-291. [PMID: 27881702 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvant effects in the CD4-deficient condition largely remain unknown. We investigated the roles of combined monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and aluminum hydroxide (Alum) adjuvant (MPL+Alum) in inducing immunity after immunization of CD4 knockout (CD4KO) and wild-type (WT) mice with T-dependent influenza vaccine. MPL+Alum adjuvant mediated IgG isotype-switched Abs, IgG-secreting cell responses, and protection in CD4KO mice, which were comparable to those in WT mice. In contrast, Alum adjuvant effects were dependent on CD4+ T cells. MPL+Alum adjuvant was effective in recruiting monocytes and neutrophils as well as in protecting macrophages from Alum-mediated cell loss at the injection site in CD4KO mice. MPL+Alum appeared to attenuate MPL-induced inflammatory responses in WT mice, likely improving the safety. Additional studies in CD4-depleted WT mice and MHC class II KO mice suggest that MHC class II+ APCs contribute to providing alternative B cell help in the CD4-deficient condition in the context of MPL+Alum-adjuvanted vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeuk Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
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Park MS, Kim JI, Park S, Lee I, Park MS. Original Antigenic Sin Response to RNA Viruses and Antiviral Immunity. Immune Netw 2016; 16:261-270. [PMID: 27799871 PMCID: PMC5086450 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.5.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immune system has evolved to fight against foreign pathogens. It plays a central role in the body's defense mechanism. However, the immune memory geared to fight off a previously recognized pathogen, tends to remember an original form of the pathogen when a variant form subsequently invades. This has been termed 'original antigenic sin'. This adverse immunological effect can alter vaccine effectiveness and sometimes cause enhanced pathogenicity or additional inflammatory responses, according to the type of pathogen and the circumstances of infection. Here we aim to give a simplified conceptual understanding of virus infection and original antigenic sin by comparing and contrasting the two examples of recurring infections such as influenza and dengue viruses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Sook Park
- Department of Microbiology, The Institute of Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, The Institute of Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sehee Park
- Department of Microbiology, The Institute of Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ilseob Lee
- Department of Microbiology, The Institute of Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, The Institute of Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Complete Protection against Influenza Virus H1N1 Strain A/PR/8/34 Challenge in Mice Immunized with Non-Adjuvanted Novirhabdovirus Vaccines. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164245. [PMID: 27711176 PMCID: PMC5053517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Novirhabdoviruses like Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) and Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) are fish-infecting Rhabdoviruses belonging to the Mononegavirales order. By reverse genetics, we previously showed that a recombinant VHSV expressing the West Nile Virus (WNV) E glycoprotein could serve as a vaccine platform against WNV. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of the Novirhabdovirus platform as a vaccine against influenza virus. Recombinant Novirhabdoviruses, rVHSV-HA and rIHNV-HA, expressing at the viral surface the hemagglutinin HA ectodomain were generated and used to immunized mice. We showed that mice immunized with either, rVHSV-HA or rIHNV-HA, elicited a strong neutralizing antibody response against influenza virus. A complete protection was conferred to the immunized mice when challenged with a lethal dose of influenza H1N1 A/PR/8/34 virus. Furthermore we showed that although acting as inert antigen in mice, since naturally inactivated over 20°C, mice immunized with rVHSV-HA or rIHNV-HA in the absence of adjuvant were also completely protected from a lethal challenge. Novirhabdoviruses platform are of particular interest as vaccines for mammals since they are cost effective to produce, relatively easy to generate and very effective to protect immunized animals.
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Schmidt R, Holznagel E, Neumann B, Alex N, Sawatsky B, Enkirch T, Pfeffermann K, Kruip C, von Messling V, Wagner R. Squalene-containing licensed adjuvants enhance strain-specific antibody responses against the influenza hemagglutinin and induce subtype-specific antibodies against the neuraminidase. Vaccine 2016; 34:5329-5335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Positive Selection Drives Rapid Evolution of the meq Oncogene of Marek's Disease Virus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162180. [PMID: 27662574 PMCID: PMC5035050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Marek’s disease (MD), caused by Marek’s disease virus (MDV), a poultry-borne alphaherpesvirus, is a devastating disease of poultry causing an estimated annual loss of one billion dollars to poultry producers, worldwide. Despite decades of control through vaccination, MDV field strains continue to emerge having increased virulence. The evolutionary mechanism driving the emergence of this continuum of strains to increased MDV virulence, however, remains largely enigmatic. Increase in MDV virulence has been associated with specific amino acid changes within the C-terminus domain of Mareks’s EcoRI-Q (meq)-encoded oncoprotein. In this study, we sought to determine whether the meq gene has evolved adaptively and whether past vaccination efforts have had any significant effect on the reduction or increase of MDV diversity over time. Our analysis suggests that meq is estimated to be evolving at a much faster rate than most dsDNA viruses, and is comparable with the evolutionary rate of RNA viruses. Interestingly, most of the polymorphisms in meq gene appear to have evolved under positive selection and the time of divergence at the meq locus coincides with the period during which the poultry industry had undergone transitions in management practices including the introduction and widespread use of live attenuated vaccines. Our study has revealed that the decades-long use of vaccines did not reduce MDV diversity, but rather had a stimulating effect on the emergence of field strains with increased genetic diversity until the early 2000s. During the years 2004–2005, there was an abrupt decline in the genetic diversity of field isolates followed by a recovery from this bottleneck in the year 2010. Collectively, these data suggest that vaccination seems to not have had any effect on MDV eradication, but rather had a stimulating effect on MDV emergence through adaptation.
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Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for developing severe influenza virus infection, making vaccination of utmost importance for this high-risk population. However, vaccinated obese animals and adults have decreased neutralizing antibody responses. In these studies, we tested the hypothesis that the addition of either alum or a squalene-based adjuvant (AS03) to an influenza vaccine would improve neutralizing antibody responses and protect obese mice from challenge. Our studies demonstrate that adjuvanted vaccine does increase both neutralizing and nonneutralizing antibody levels compared to vaccine alone. Although obese mice mount significantly decreased virus-specific antibody responses, both the breadth and the magnitude of the responses against hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are decreased compared to the responses in lean mice. Importantly, even with a greater than fourfold increase in neutralizing antibody levels, obese mice are not protected against influenza virus challenge and viral loads remain elevated in the respiratory tract. Increasing the antigen dose affords no added protection, and a decreasing viral dose did not fully mitigate the increased mortality seen in obese mice. Overall, these studies highlight that, while the use of an adjuvant does improve seroconversion, vaccination does not fully protect obese mice from influenza virus challenge, possibly due to the increased sensitivity of obese animals to infection. Given the continued increase in the global obesity epidemic, our findings have important implications for public health. Vaccination is the most effective strategy for preventing influenza virus infection and is a key component for pandemic preparedness. However, vaccines may fail to provide optimal protection in high-risk groups, including overweight and obese individuals. Given the worldwide obesity epidemic, it is imperative that we understand and improve vaccine efficacy. No work to date has investigated whether adjuvants increase the protective capacity of influenza vaccines in the obese host. In these studies, we show that adjuvants increased the neutralizing and nonneutralizing antibody responses during vaccination of lean and obese mice to levels considered “protective,” and yet, obese mice still succumbed to infection. This vulnerability is likely due to a combination of factors, including the increased susceptibility of obese animals to develop severe and even lethal disease when infected with very low viral titers. Our studies highlight the critical public health need to translate these findings and better understand vaccination in this increasing population.
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43
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Meliopoulos VA, Karlsson EA, Schultz-Cherry S. What can imaging tell us about influenza virus transmission and protection? Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of zoonotic influenza infections is a constant threat to public health. One of the major determinants of pandemic potential is the ability to transmit from animal to human and/or human to human via respiratory droplets. Understanding viral tropism and spread is crucial for predicting which viruses represent the most threatening to human health. Recently, a replication-competent influenza reporter virus was described that permitted in vivo imaging and visualization of infection in ferrets for the first time. This review will focus on the applications of luminescent reporter viruses toward understanding transmission of influenza viruses and development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Lefebvre JS, Lorenzo EC, Masters AR, Hopkins JW, Eaton SM, Smiley ST, Haynes L. Vaccine efficacy and T helper cell differentiation change with aging. Oncotarget 2016; 7:33581-94. [PMID: 27177221 PMCID: PMC5085104 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza and pneumonia are leading causes of death in elderly populations. With age, there is an increased inflammatory response and slower viral clearance during influenza infection which increases the risk of extended illness and mortality. Here we employ a preclinical murine model of influenza infection to examine the protective capacity of vaccination with influenza nucleoprotein (NP). While NP vaccination reduces influenza-induced lung inflammation in young mice, aged mice do not show this reduction, but are protected from influenza-induced mortality. Aged mice do make a significant amount of NP-specific IgG and adoptive transfer experiments show that NP antibody can protect from death but cannot reduce lung inflammation. Furthermore, young but not aged vaccinated mice generate significant numbers of NP-specific T cells following subsequent infection and few of these T cells are found in aged lungs early during infection. Importantly, aged CD4 T cells have a propensity to differentiate towards a T follicular helper (Tfh) phenotype rather than a T helper 1 (Th1) phenotype that predominates in the young. Since Th1 cells are important in viral clearance, reduced Th1 differentiation in the aged is critical and could account for some or all of the age-related differences in vaccine responses and infection resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie S. Lefebvre
- The Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY, United States of America
- Département de Pneumologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Erica C. Lorenzo
- Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - April R. Masters
- Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Jacob W. Hopkins
- Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Sheri M. Eaton
- The Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY, United States of America
| | - Stephen T. Smiley
- The Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY, United States of America
- NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Haynes
- Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
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Lartey S, Pathirana RD, Zhou F, Jul-Larsen Å, Montomoli E, Wood J, Cox RJ. Single dose vaccination of the ASO3-adjuvanted A(H1N1)pdm09 monovalent vaccine in health care workers elicits homologous and cross-reactive cellular and humoral responses to H1N1 strains. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1654-62. [PMID: 26009966 PMCID: PMC4514283 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1048939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCW) were prioritized for vaccination during the 2009 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic. We conducted a clinical trial in October 2009 where 237 HCWs were immunized with a AS03-adjuvanted A(H1N1)pdm09 monovalent vaccine. In the current study, we analyzed the homologous and cross-reactive H1N1 humoral responses using prototype vaccine strains dating back to 1977 by the haemagglutinin inhibition (HI), single radial hemolysis SRH), antibody secreting cell (ASC) and memory B cell (MBC) assays. The cellular responses were assessed by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) ELISPOT and by intracellular staining (ICS) for the Th1 cytokines IFN-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). All assays were performed using blood samples obtained prior to (day 0) and 7, 14 and 21 d post-pandemic vaccination, except for ASC (day 7) and ICS (days 0 and 21). Vaccination elicited rapid HI, SRH and ASC responses against A(H1N1)pdm09 which cross reacted with seasonal H1N1 strains. MBC responses were detected against the homologous and seasonal H1N1 strains before vaccination and were boosted 2 weeks post-vaccination. An increase in cellular responses as determined by IFN-γ ELISPOT and ICS were observed 1–3 weeks after vaccination. Collectively, our data show that the AS03-adjuvanted A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine induced rapid cellular and humoral responses against the vaccine strain and the response cross-reacted against prototype H1N1 strains dating back to 1977.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lartey
- a The Influenza Centre; Department of Clinical Science; University of Bergen ; Bergen , Norway
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46
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Gray SA, Moore M, VandenEkart EJ, Roque RP, Bowen RA, Van Hoeven N, Wiley SR, Clegg CH. Selection of therapeutic H5N1 monoclonal antibodies following IgVH repertoire analysis in mice. Antiviral Res 2016; 131:100-8. [PMID: 27109194 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid rate of influenza virus mutation drives the emergence of new strains that inflict serious seasonal epidemics and less frequent, but more deadly, pandemics. While vaccination provides the best protection against influenza, its utility is often diminished by the unpredictability of new pathogenic strains. Consequently, efforts are underway to identify new antiviral drugs and monoclonal antibodies that can be used to treat recently infected individuals and prevent disease in vulnerable populations. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and the analysis of antibody gene repertoires is a valuable tool for Ab discovery. Here, we describe a technology platform for isolating therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) by analyzing the IgVH repertoires of mice immunized with recombinant H5N1 hemagglutinin (rH5). As an initial proof of concept, 35 IgVH genes were selected using a CDRH3 search algorithm and co-expressed in a murine IgG2a expression vector with a panel of germline murine kappa genes. Culture supernatants were then screened for antigen binding. Seventeen of the 35 IgVH MAbs (49%) bound rH5VN1203 in preliminary screens and 8 of 9 purified MAbs inhibited 3 heterosubtypic strains of H5N1 virus when assayed by HI. Two of these MAbs demonstrated prophylactic and therapeutic activity in virus-challenged mice. This is the first example in which an NGS discovery platform has been used to isolate anti-influenza MAbs with relevant therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Gray
- TRIA Bioscience Corp, 1616 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 260, Seattle, WA 98102, USA; PAI LifeSciences Incorporated, 1616 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 250, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Margaret Moore
- TRIA Bioscience Corp, 1616 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 260, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Emily J VandenEkart
- TRIA Bioscience Corp, 1616 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 260, Seattle, WA 98102, USA; Faraday Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1616 Eastlake Ave. E, Suite 560, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Richard P Roque
- TRIA Bioscience Corp, 1616 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 260, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Richard A Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Neal Van Hoeven
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Steven R Wiley
- Imdaptive Inc., 3010 Northwest 56th Street, Seattle, WA 98107, USA
| | - Christopher H Clegg
- TRIA Bioscience Corp, 1616 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 260, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
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47
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Ouyang K, Hiremath J, Binjawadagi B, Shyu DL, Dhakal S, Arcos J, Schleappi R, Holman L, Roof M, Torrelles JB, Renukaradhya GJ. Comparative analysis of routes of immunization of a live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in a heterologous virus challenge study. Vet Res 2016; 47:45. [PMID: 26988085 PMCID: PMC4797253 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), which infects primarily the respiratory tract of pigs. Thus intranasal (IN) delivery of a potent vaccine-adjuvant formulation is promising. In this study, PRRS-MLV (VR2332) was coadministered ± an adjuvant Mycobacterium vaccae whole cell lysate or CpG ODN through intramuscular (IM) or IN route as a mist, and challenged with a heterologous PRRSV 1-4-4 IN at 42 days post-vaccination (dpv). At 14 and 26 dpv, vaccine viral RNA copies were one log greater in the plasma of PRRS-MLV IM compared to IN vaccinated pigs, and the infectious replicating vaccine virus was detected only in the IM group. In PRRS-MLV ± adjuvant IM vaccinated pigs, reduced viral RNA load and absence of the replicating challenged virus was observed at 7, 10 and 14 days post-challenge (dpc). At 14 dpc, in BAL fluid ≥ 5 log viral RNA copies were detected in all the pig groups, but the replicating challenged virus was undetectable only in IM groups. Immunologically, virus neutralizing antibody titers in the plasma of IM (but not IN) vaccine groups was ≥ 8 against the vaccine and challenged viruses. At 26 dpv, PRRS-MLV IM (without adjuvant) received pigs had significantly increased population of CD4 and CD8 T cells in PBMC. At 14 dpc, relatively increased population of IFN-γ(+) total lymphocytes, NK, CD4, CD8 and γδ T cells were observed in the MLV-IM group. In conclusion, PRRS-MLV IM vaccination induced the virus specific T cell response in pigs, but still it is required to improve its cross-protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ouyang
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
- />College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Duan-Liang Shyu
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Jesus Arcos
- />Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Rose Schleappi
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Lynette Holman
- />Kalmbach Swine Management, L.L.C., Upper Sandusky, OH 43351 USA
| | - Michael Roof
- />Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Ames, IA USA
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- />Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
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48
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Zhong W, Gross FL, Holiday C, Jefferson SN, Bai Y, Liu F, Katz JM, Levine MZ. Vaccination with 2014-15 Seasonal Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Elicits Cross-Reactive Anti-HA Antibodies with Strong ADCC Against Antigenically Drifted Circulating H3N2 Virus in Humans. Viral Immunol 2016; 29:259-62. [PMID: 26950058 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies to hemagglutinin (HA) antigens of influenza A viruses provide optimal protection against antigenically matched strains of influenza A viruses. In contrast, little is known about the potential role of HA-specific, non-neutralizing antibodies in protection against human influenza illness at present. In this study, we show that individuals vaccinated with the 2014-15 seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine displayed strong A/H3N2 HA-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities against an antigenically drifted H3N2 virus, despite poor induction of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against the antigenic variant. Given that passive transfer of influenza HA-monospecific immune sera with negligible levels of HA-specific VN antibodies can often confer considerable cross protection against lethal challenge with heterologous influenza viruses in animal models, it is conceivable that HA-specific, non-neutralizing antibodies may provide certain degree of cross protection against antigenically drifted influenza A viruses through ADCC in case of influenza vaccine mismatches. This may have important implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Zhong
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - F Liaini Gross
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Crystal Holiday
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stacie N Jefferson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Feng Liu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jacqueline M Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Min Z Levine
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
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49
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Virk RK, Gunalan V, Tambyah PA. Influenza infection in human host: challenges in making a better influenza vaccine. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 14:365-75. [PMID: 26885890 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2016.1155450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Influenza is a ubiquitous infection with a spectrum ranging from mild to severe. The mystery regarding such variability in the clinical spectrum has not been fully unravelled, although a role for the complex interplay among virus characteristics, host immune response and environmental factors has been suggested. Antivirals and current vaccines have a limited role in prophylaxis and treatment because they primarily target surface glycoproteins which undergo antigenic/genetic changes under host immune pressure. Targeting conserved internal proteins could lead the way to a universal vaccine which can be used against various types/subtypes. However, this is on the distant horizon, so in the meantime, developing improved vaccines should be given high priority. In this review, we discuss where the current influenza research stands in terms of vaccines, adjuvants, and how we can better predict the vaccine strains for upcoming influenza seasons by understanding complex phenomena which drive the continuous antigenic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vithiagaran Gunalan
- b Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore
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50
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Fang F, Yu M, Cavanagh MM, Hutter Saunders J, Qi Q, Ye Z, Le Saux S, Sultan W, Turgano E, Dekker CL, Tian L, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Expression of CD39 on Activated T Cells Impairs their Survival in Older Individuals. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1218-1231. [PMID: 26832412 PMCID: PMC4851554 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In an immune response, CD4+ T cells expand into effector T cells and then contract to survive as long-lived memory cells. To identify age-associated defects in memory cell formation, we profiled activated CD4+ T cells and found an increased induction of the ATPase CD39 with age. CD39+ CD4+ T cells resembled effector T cells with signs of metabolic stress and high susceptibility to undergo apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of ATPase activity dampened effector cell differentiation and improved survival, suggesting that CD39 activity influences T cell fate. Individuals carrying a low-expressing CD39 variant responded better to vaccination with an increase in vaccine-specific memory T cells. Increased inducibility of CD39 after activation may contribute to the impaired vaccine response with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Fang
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mingcan Yu
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mary M Cavanagh
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jessica Hutter Saunders
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Qian Qi
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Zhongde Ye
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sabine Le Saux
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - William Sultan
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Emerson Turgano
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Cornelia L Dekker
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lu Tian
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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