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Mei J, Wu B, Li M, Ma L, Yang X, Ma Y, Huang Y. Effect of Cyclosporine A on Th1/Th2 Cytokine Production by Decidual Stromal Cells Mediated by Trophoblast-derived Galectin-9. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1903-1914. [PMID: 38273122 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of cyclosporine A (CsA) on secretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines by decidual stromal cells (DSCs) mediated by galectin (Gal)-9.HTR8/SVneo cells and primary trophoblasts were used for in vitro studies. Gal-9 expression was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, CsA was used to regulate Gal-9 expression in trophoblasts. DSCs were treated with trophoblast supernatant and changes in Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels were analyzed. Changes in DSC levels of the T-cell immunoglobulin mucin receptor 3 (TIM-3) levels in DSCs after treatment with Gal-9 were assessed. Western blotting and ERK and AKT inhibitors were used to assess the involvement of the corresponding signaling pathways. Gal-9 was expressed by both primary trophoblasts and HTR8/SVneo cells. CsA treatment increased Gal-9 secretion by trophoblasts, which in turn increased IL-6 (Th2 cytokine) and decreased TNF-α and IFN-γ (Th1 cytokines) secretion in DSCs. Upon downregulation of trophoblast Gal-9 secretion, DSCs secreted lower levels of Th2 cytokines and higher levels of Th1 cytokines, and the effect was reversed by addition of CsA. TIM-3 expression changed in parallel with Gal-9 secretion. CsA treatment upregulated expression of Gal-9 in trophoblasts, promoted secretion of Th2 cytokines, and inhibited secretion of Th1 cytokines via ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoqi Mei
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University) , Ministry of EducationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- National Center for International Research "China-Myanmar Joint Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Regional Major Disease" By the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Haikou, China
- Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Bangyong Wu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University) , Ministry of EducationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- National Center for International Research "China-Myanmar Joint Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Regional Major Disease" By the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Haikou, China
- Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Mengyongwei Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University) , Ministry of EducationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- National Center for International Research "China-Myanmar Joint Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Regional Major Disease" By the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Haikou, China
- Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University) , Ministry of EducationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- National Center for International Research "China-Myanmar Joint Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Regional Major Disease" By the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Haikou, China
- Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University) , Ministry of EducationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- National Center for International Research "China-Myanmar Joint Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Regional Major Disease" By the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Haikou, China
- Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yanlin Ma
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University) , Ministry of EducationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
- National Center for International Research "China-Myanmar Joint Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Regional Major Disease" By the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Haikou, China.
- Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Yuanhua Huang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University) , Ministry of EducationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
- National Center for International Research "China-Myanmar Joint Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Regional Major Disease" By the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Haikou, China.
- Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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Velez C, Williamson D, Cánovas ML, Giai LR, Rutland C, Pérez W, Barbeito CG. Changes in Immune Response during Pig Gestation with a Focus on Cytokines. Vet Sci 2024; 11:50. [PMID: 38275932 PMCID: PMC10819333 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigs have the highest percentage of embryonic death not associated with specific diseases of all livestock species, at 20-45%. During gestation processes, a series of complex alterations can arise, including embryonic migration and elongation, maternal immunological recognition of pregnancy, and embryonic competition for implantation sites and subsequent nutrition requirements and development. Immune cells and cytokines act as mediators between other molecules in highly complex interactions between various cell types. However, other non-immune cells, such as trophoblast cells, are important in immune pregnancy regulation. Numerous studies have shed light on the crucial roles of several cytokines that regulate the inflammatory processes that characterize the interface between the fetus and the mother throughout normal porcine gestation, but most of these reports are limited to the implantational and peri-implantational periods. Increase in some proinflammatory cytokines have been found in other gestational periods, such as placental remodeling. Porcine immune changes during delivery have not been studied as deeply as in other species. This review details some of the immune system cells actively involved in the fetomaternal interface during porcine gestation, as well as the principal cells, cytokines, and molecules, such as antibodies, that play crucial roles in sow pregnancy, both in early and mid-to-late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Velez
- Laboratory of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa 6300, Argentina; (C.V.); (D.W.); (L.R.G.)
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires 2690, Argentina;
| | - Delia Williamson
- Laboratory of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa 6300, Argentina; (C.V.); (D.W.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Mariela Lorena Cánovas
- Laboratory of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa 6300, Argentina; (C.V.); (D.W.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Laura Romina Giai
- Laboratory of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa 6300, Argentina; (C.V.); (D.W.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Catrin Rutland
- Sutton Bonington Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - William Pérez
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Montevideo, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Claudio Gustavo Barbeito
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires 2690, Argentina;
- Laboratory of Descriptive, Comparative and Experimental Histology and Embriology (LHYEDEC), Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
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Niu Z, Zhou M, Xia L, Zhao S, Zhang A. Uterine cytokine profiles after low-molecular-weight heparin administration are associated with pregnancy outcomes of patients with repeated implantation failure. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1008923. [PMID: 36568084 PMCID: PMC9772440 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1008923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) plays a role in repeated implantation failure (RIF), but outcomes are controversial. LMWH can potentially modulate local immune responses associated with the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. The study aimed to explore the effects of LWMH in uterine inflammatory cytokine profiles and pregnancy outcomes of patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF) but without thrombophilia. METHODS We compared clinical characteristics and reproductive outcomes among 326 patients with RIF, but not thrombophilia, undergoing frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycle with or without LMWH treatment. Endometrium secretions were aspirated from both groups after 3 days of progesterone administration before and after LMWH treatment. Cytokine mRNA expression was analyzed in primary endometrial cells in vitro. RESULTS The clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates did not significantly differ between the groups (31.5% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.15; 29.6% vs. 20.7%, p = 0.06). Concentrations of IL-6 and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in uterine secretions were significantly increased in the LWMH group, regardless of pregnancy outcomes (P < 0.05). And, in all patients treated with LWMH, those of secreted IL-6, IL-15 and G-CSF were significantly increased in pregnant group (P < 0.05). The expression of mRNA for G-CSF and IL-6 was significantly increased in human endometrial stromal cells in vitro (P < 0.05) after stimulation with LWMH (10 IU/mL). CONCLUSIONS Uterine cytokine profiles after LMWH administration are associated with pregnancy outcomes and LMWH may be beneficial for patients with three implantation failures who do not have coagulation disorders.
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Peng L, Ye Y, Mullikin H, Lin L, Kuhn C, Rahmeh M, Mahner S, Jeschke U, von Schönfeldt V. Expression of trophoblast derived prostaglandin E2 receptor 2 (EP2) is reduced in patients with recurrent miscarriage and EP2 regulates cell proliferation and expression of inflammatory cytokines. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 142:103210. [PMID: 33011635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an inflammatory mediator, modulates cytokines, regulates immune responses in reproductive processes and stimulates inflammatory reactions via the prostaglandin E2 receptor 2 (EP2). However, the regulatory effects of EP2 signaling on trophoblasts and its role in unexplained recurrent miscarriage (uRM) remains unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 19 placentas from patients with a history of more than two consecutive pregnancy losses of unknown cause (uRM group) and placentas of 19 healthy patients following a legal termination of their pregnancy were used for PGE2 receptor (EP1, EP2 and EP4) expression analyses via immunohistochemistry. Double immunofluorescence was also used to identify EP2 expressing cells in the decidua. Finally, HTR-8/SVneo cells were used to clarify the role of EP2 in in vitro experiments. RESULTS The expression of EP2 and EP4 was found to be reduced in the syncytiotrophoblast and decidua of uRM patients. A selective EP2 receptor antagonist (PF-04,418,948) reduced the proliferation and secretion of ß-hCG, inhibited interleukin -6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and up-regulated the production of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in HTR-8/SVneo cells in vitro. CONCLUSION PGE2-EP2 signaling pathway may represent a novel therapy option for uRM. The involvement of EP2 in uRM acts perhaps via inflammatory cytokines and indicates that the PGE2-EP2 signaling pathway might represent an unexplored etiology for uRM.
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MESH Headings
- Abortion, Habitual/immunology
- Adult
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Decidua/immunology
- Decidua/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/metabolism
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/immunology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Middle Aged
- Pregnancy
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/analysis
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/analysis
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Trophoblasts/drug effects
- Trophoblasts/immunology
- Trophoblasts/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Peng
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Taiping Rd. 25, Luzhou 646100, China
| | - Yao Ye
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Fenglin Rd. 180, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Heather Mullikin
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - LiLi Lin
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Rahmeh
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; University Hospital Augsburg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stenglinstr. 2, Augsburg 86156, Germany.
| | - Viktoria von Schönfeldt
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Gómez-Chávez F, López-Portales ÓH, Baeza-Martínez DA, Cancino-Díaz JC, Murrieta-Coxca JM, Cancino-Díaz ME, Pérez-Tapia SM, Rodríguez-Martínez S. IκBNS and IL-6 expression is differentially established in the uterus of pregnant healthy and infected mice. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04122. [PMID: 32577554 PMCID: PMC7301180 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, NF-κB plays an important role for embryo implantation and the onset of labor. Regulated IL-6 production, under transcriptional control of NF-κB, is essential for a successful pregnancy outcome and the atypical regulator IκBNS is involved in this process. Previously, we showed that IκBNS negatively regulates IL-6 in uterine tissues during mouse estrous cycle. In this work, we analyzed if IκBNS and IL-6 expression in pregnant mice under physiological or L. monocytogenes-infected conditions would remain as observed in estrous cycle. In the healthy pregnancy IL-6 was highly expressed during implantation/placentation and labor stages but decreased during fetal development and post-partum stages. In contrast, in mice infected before pregnancy, IL-6 expression was not increased in the implantation stage, and its regulator IκBNS increased more in the infected condition rather than in the healthy pregnancy. IκBNS expression was reduced in post-implantation infection, allowing for IL-6 overexpression. The IκBNS-unrelated cytokine IL-36γ, used as inflammatory cytokine marker, was severely increased in the infected uterine tissues. When we analyzed the effect of infection over the fetuses, we found that pre-implantation infection caused the resorption (rejection) of some products, while the post-implantation infection restricted the intrauterine growth of fetuses. The results suggest that in the uterine tissue of pregnant mice the regulatory effect of IκBNS over IL-6 is more evident in an infection status rather than in a healthy condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico.,Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico.,Departmento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria. Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMyH) - IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Óscar Humberto López-Portales
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Innata, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas - Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Damariz Adriana Baeza-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Innata, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas - Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Enfermería. Facultad de Estudios Superiores - Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - José Martín Murrieta-Coxca
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Innata, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas - Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Eugenio Cancino-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Innata, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas - Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos (LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT)-ENCB-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Innata, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas - Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Zhang J, Chen L, Zheng CH, Wang J, Xie D, Zhou YX. Effect of Shoutai Pills on Th1/Th2 Cytokines in Serum and Endometrium of Rats with Stimulated Ovulation. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:285-290. [PMID: 31016523 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, we found that Shoutai pills could improve the embryo implantation rate as well as the levels of estrogen, progesterone and estrogen receptor in rats with stimulated ovulation. However, the mechanism is not clear. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Shoutai pills on the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in rats with stimulated ovulation and the mechanism. The rat model of stimulated ovulation was established by combined injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Then the rats were randomly divided into model group (M), Shoutai pills group (S), progesterone group (P) and normal group (N). All the pregnant rats were treated from the first day. The S and P groups were administrated with gavage of Shoutai pills and injection of progesterone respectively, and N and M groups were given the same volume of normal saline and distilled water respectively. After treatment for 7 days, the animals were executed for serum and uterine tissues. The ELISA method was adopted to detect the contents of Th1 cytokines [interferon-γ (INF-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2)] and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10). The expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) was detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR. As compared with N group, the expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 in M group were significantly increased, and those of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, LIF and LIFR were significantly decreased (P<0.05). As compared with M group, the levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, LIF and LIFR in S group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and those of IFN-γ and IL-2 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). It was suggested that Shoutai pills can increase the levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, LIF and LIFR as well as reduce the levels of INF-γ and IL-2 in rats with stimulated ovulation. The Shoutai pills may improve endometrial receptivity and promote embryo implantation by maintaining the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Theater General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Theater General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Cui-Hong Zheng
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Theater General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Di Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Theater General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yue-Xi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Theater General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
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Mesenchymal stem cells therapy protects fetuses from resorption and induces Th2 type cytokines profile in abortion prone mouse model. Transpl Immunol 2018; 47:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Tanikawa N, Seno K, Kawahara-Miki R, Kimura K, Matsuyama S, Iwata H, Kuwayama T, Shirasuna K. Interferon Tau Regulates Cytokine Production and Cellular Function in Human Trophoblast Cell Line. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2017; 37:456-466. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Kotomi Seno
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | | | - Koji Kimura
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuyama
- Animal Feeding and Management Research Division, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Hisataka Iwata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Takehito Kuwayama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
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Koike R, Harigai M, Atsumi T, Amano K, Kawai S, Saito K, Saito T, Yamamura M, Matsubara T, Miyasaka N. Japan College of Rheumatology 2009 guidelines for the use of tocilizumab, a humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-009-0197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Bibak B, Gharib FG, Daneshmandi S, Abbaspour AR, Firizi MN, Ahmadabad HN. The Immunomodulatory effects of abortion-prone mice decidual and serum soluble factors on macrophages and splenocytes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 165:331-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Prins JR, Gomez-Lopez N, Robertson SA. Interleukin-6 in pregnancy and gestational disorders. J Reprod Immunol 2012; 95:1-14. [PMID: 22819759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IL6 is a multifunctional cytokine with pivotal roles in the inflammatory response and in directing T cell differentiation in adaptive immunity. IL6 is widely expressed in the female reproductive tract and gestational tissues, and exerts regulatory functions in embryo implantation and placental development, as well as the immune adaptations required to tolerate pregnancy. Here, we summarise the current understanding of how membrane-bound and soluble receptors mediate IL6 signalling to regulate leukocytes and non-haemopoietic cells. We review the published literature regarding the expression and actions of IL6 in the uterus, decidua and placenta, and studies implicating this cytokine in pregnancy disorders. Elevated IL6 is frequently evident in the altered cytokine profiles characteristic of unexplained infertility, recurrent miscarriage, preeclampsia and preterm delivery. Notably, there is compelling evidence indicating altered systemic IL6 trans-signalling in women prone to recurrent miscarriage, with excessive IL6 bioavailability potentially inhibiting generation of CD4+ T regulatory cells required for pregnancy tolerance. Insufficient local IL6 may also contribute to fetal loss, since IL6 expression is reduced in the endometrium of women with recurrent miscarriage, and in the fetal-placental tissue of CBA×DBA/2 mice. Consistent with the role of IL6 in key reproductive events, Il6 null mutant mice exhibit elevated fetal resorption and delayed parturition. Investigation of the association between IL6 signalling components and T cell responses in pregnant women, as well as detailed analysis of the maternal immune response in IL6-deficient mice, is now required to define the mechanisms by which this cytokine exerts influence on reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelmer R Prins
- Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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12
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Ogata A, Hirano T, Hishitani Y, Tanaka T. Safety and efficacy of tocilizumab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS 2012; 5:27-42. [PMID: 22438671 PMCID: PMC3306224 DOI: 10.4137/cmamd.s7371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Because of the pathological role of IL-6 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), tocilizumab (TCZ), a humanized anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, was expected to improve inflammation and joint destruction of RA. Indeed, randomized clinical trials demonstrated the clinical efficacy of TCZ as monotherapy or combined with methotrexate (MTX) for RA patients with inadequate responses to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, MTX or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. Although long-term tolerability for TCZ is superior to that for TNF inhibitors, information regarding the potency of drug free remission of TCZ is limited at present. In terms of its safety profile, the general risk of infection when using TCZ is comparable to that of TNF inhibitors. TCZ has some advantage in RA patients who can not use MTX and are non-responders to TNF inhibitors. In conclusion, TCZ is one of the most prospective next generation biologics for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ogata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hishitani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Calleja-Agius J, Muttukrishna S, Pizzey AR, Jauniaux E. Pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in threatened miscarriages. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 205:83.e8-16. [PMID: 21514552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate circulating and intracellular levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in women with threatened miscarriage (TM) and subsequent outcome. STUDY DESIGN Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptors 1 and 2, TNFα, interferon gamma (IFNγ), and interleukins (IL) -6 and -10 were measured by flow cytometric bead assays in 80 women with TM: 53 women with normal outcome and 27 women who miscarried. Fluorescent antibody labeling was also performed on whole blood in a subgroup of 27 women of TM: 16 women with normal outcome and 11 women who miscarried. RESULTS Monocyte expression of TNFα and circulating levels of TNFα, IFNγ, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-R1 were significantly lower, whereas circulating levels of TNFα/IL-10, IFNγ/IL-10, and TNFα/IL-6 ratios were significantly higher, in women with TM who subsequently miscarried, compared with the women with normal outcome. CONCLUSION An increased Th1 type of immune response, which was similar to that observed in preterm delivery, was found in TM cases that were complicated by a subsequent miscarriage.
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Mazaki-Tovi S, Vaisbuch E, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, Chaiworapongsa T, Kim SK, Ogge G, Yoon BH, Dong Z, Gonzalez JM, Gervasi MT, Hassan SS. Hyperresistinemia - a novel feature in systemic infection during human pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63:358-69. [PMID: 20178460 PMCID: PMC3426318 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00809.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Resistin, originally described as an adipokine, has emerged as a potent pro-inflammatory protein associated with both acute and chronic inflammation. Moreover, resistin has been proposed as a powerful marker of sepsis severity, as well as a predictor of survival of critically ill non-pregnant patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether pyelonephritis during pregnancy is associated with changes in maternal plasma resistin concentrations. METHODS OF STUDY This cross-sectional study included the following groups: (i) normal pregnant women (n = 85) and (ii) pregnant women with pyelonephritis (n = 40). Maternal plasma resistin concentrations were determined by ELISA. Non-parametric statistics was used for analyses. RESULTS (i) The median maternal plasma resistin concentration was higher in patients with pyelonephritis than in those with a normal pregnancy (P < 0.001); (ii) among patients with pyelonephritis, the median maternal resistin concentration did not differ significantly between those with and without a positive blood culture (P = 0.3); (iii) among patients with pyelonephritis who were diagnosed with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), those who fulfilled > or =3 criteria for SIRS had a significantly higher median maternal plasma resistin concentration than those who met only two criteria; and (iv) maternal WBC count positively correlated with circulating resistin concentration (r = 0.47, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Hyperresistinemia is a feature of acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy. The results of this study support the role of resistin as an acute-phase protein in the presence of bacterial infection during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Sun Kwon Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Giovanna Ogge
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Bo H. Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Juan M. Gonzalez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Maria Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliera of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
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15
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Mazaki-Tovi S, Vaisbuch E, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, Chaiworapongsa T, Kim SK, Nhan-Chang CL, Gomez R, Yoon BH, Yeo L, Mittal P, Ogge G, Gonzalez JM, Hassan SS. Maternal plasma concentration of the pro-inflammatory adipokine pre-B-cell-enhancing factor (PBEF)/visfatin is elevated in pregnant patients with acute pyelonephritis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63:252-62. [PMID: 20085562 PMCID: PMC3459674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2009.00804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Visfatin/pre-B-cell-enhancing factor (PBEF) has been implicated in the regulation of the innate immune system, as well as in glucose metabolism. Specifically, visfatin plays a requisite role in delayed neutrophil apoptosis in patients with sepsis. The aim of this study was to determine whether pyelonephritis during pregnancy is associated with changes in maternal plasma visfatin concentration in normal weight and overweight/obese patients. METHOD OF STUDY This cross-sectional study included the following groups: (1) normal pregnant women (n = 200) and (2) pregnant women with pyelonephritis (n = 40). Maternal plasma visfatin concentrations were determined by ELISA. Non-parametric statistics was used for analyses. RESULTS (1) The median maternal plasma visfatin concentration was significantly higher in patients with pyelonephritis than in those with a normal pregnancy; (2) among overweight/obese pregnant women, those with pyelonephritis had a significantly higher median plasma visfatin concentration than women with a normal pregnancy; and (3) pyelonephritis was independently associated with higher maternal plasma visfatin concentrations after adjustment for maternal age, pre-gestational body mass index, smoking status, gestational age at sampling, and birthweight. CONCLUSION Acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy is associated with a high circulating maternal visfatin concentration. These findings suggest that visfatin/PBEF may play a role in the regulation of the complex and dynamic crosstalk between inflammation and metabolism during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Sun Kwon Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Chia-Ling Nhan-Chang
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Ricardo Gomez
- CEDIP (Center for Perinatal Diagnosis and Research), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sotero del Rio Hospital, P. Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bo H. Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Giovanna Ogge
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Juan M. Gonzalez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI
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A safe vaccine (DV-STM-07) against Salmonella infection prevents abortion and confers protective immunity to the pregnant and new born mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9139. [PMID: 20161765 PMCID: PMC2818715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a transient immuno-compromised condition which has evolved to avoid the immune rejection of the fetus by the maternal immune system. The altered immune response of the pregnant female leads to increased susceptibility to invading pathogens, resulting in abortion and congenital defects of the fetus and a subnormal response to vaccination. Active vaccination during pregnancy may lead to abortion induced by heightened cell mediated immune response. In this study, we have administered the highly attenuated vaccine strain ΔpmrG-HM-D (DV-STM-07) in female mice before the onset of pregnancy and followed the immune reaction against challenge with virulent S. Typhimurium in pregnant mice. Here we demonstrate that DV-STM-07 vaccine gives protection against Salmonella in pregnant mice and also prevents Salmonella induced abortion. This protection is conferred by directing the immune response towards Th2 activation and Th1 suppression. The low Th1 response prevents abortion. The use of live attenuated vaccine just before pregnancy carries the risk of transmission to the fetus. We have shown that this vaccine is safe as the vaccine strain is quickly eliminated from the mother and is not transmitted to the fetus. This vaccine also confers immunity to the new born mice of vaccinated mothers. Since there is no evidence of the vaccine candidate reaching the new born mice, we hypothesize that it may be due to trans-colostral transfer of protective anti-Salmonella antibodies. These results suggest that our vaccine DV-STM-07 can be very useful in preventing abortion in the pregnant individuals and confer immunity to the new born. Since there are no such vaccine candidates which can be given to the new born and to the pregnant women, this vaccine holds a very bright future to combat Salmonella induced pregnancy loss.
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Koike R, Harigai M, Atsumi T, Amano K, Kawai S, Saito K, Saito T, Yamamura M, Matsubara T, Miyasaka N. Japan College of Rheumatology 2009 guidelines for the use of tocilizumab, a humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2009; 19:351-7. [PMID: 19590933 PMCID: PMC2720589 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-009-0197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of biological agents targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has brought about a paradigm shift in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although these anti-TNF agents have excellent efficacy against RA, a substantial number of patients still show inadequate responses. In Western countries, such patients are already being treated with new classes of antirheumatic drugs such as abatacept and rituximab. Tocilizumab (TCZ) is a humanized monoclonal antibody developed in Japan against the human interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor. TCZ does not only alleviate the signs and symptoms of RA but also seems to prevent progressive bone and joint destruction. However, there is a concern that TCZ might increase the risk of adverse events such as infections since IL-6 plays a pivotal role in the immune system. Calculating the relative risks of specific adverse outcomes with TCZ use remains difficult, due to insufficient patient numbers enrolled in clinical trials to date. This review presents tentative guidelines for the use of TCZ for RA patients prepared by the Japan College of Rheumatology and based on results of clinical trials in Japan and Western countries. The guidelines are intended as a guide for postmarketing surveillance and clinical practice, and will be revised periodically based on the surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Koike
- Department of Pharmacovigilance, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
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