1
|
Lumbikananda S, Srithanyarat SS, Mattheos N, Osathanon T. Oral Fluid Biomarkers for Peri-Implantitis: A Scoping Review. Int Dent J 2024; 74:387-402. [PMID: 38065782 PMCID: PMC11123564 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis, a prevalent complication in dental implant therapy, poses a significant threat to long-term implant success. The identification of reliable biomarkers for the early detection and monitoring of peri-implantitis is crucial for timely intervention and improved treatment outcomes. Salivary and peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) biomarkers have become promising diagnostic tools in the field of implant dentistry. This scoping review aims to explore current studies in the literature on salivary and PISF biomarkers for peri-implantitis. A systematic search was conducted on 2 databases (PubMed and Scopus) to identify relevant studies published up to January 2023. A total of 86 articles were included, which underwent data extraction and analysis. Several biomarkers have been investigated in salivary and PISF samples for association with peri-implantitis. Investigations included a wide range of biomarkers, including inflammatory markers, matrix metalloproteinases and bone loss markers. The findings suggested that certain salivary and PISF biomarkers demonstrated potential in distinguishing healthy peri-implant conditions from peri-implantitis. Elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinases, have been consistently associated with peri-implantitis. Additionally, alterations in bone loss markers have shown potential as indicators of disease progression and treatment response. In conclusion, this scoping review provides an overview of current knowledge on salivary and PISF biomarkers for peri-implantitis. The identified biomarkers are promising as noninvasive diagnostic tools for early detection, monitoring, and personalised management of peri-implantitis. Future studies should focus on establishing standardised protocols and conducting well-designed clinical trials to validate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical relevance of these biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supanat Lumbikananda
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supreda Suphanantachat Srithanyarat
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Periodontology and Dental Implants, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Nikos Mattheos
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peron PF, Wehrbein H, Mundethu A, Schmidtmann I, Erbe C. Clinical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers among patients with multibracket appliances: a prospective clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:308. [PMID: 38443926 PMCID: PMC10913366 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of the presented study was to investigate changes in clinical parameters and active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) levels in gingival crevicular fluid of patients before and during treatment with multibrackets appliances. METHODS Fifty-five adolescents scheduled for the treatment were included. Clinical parameters and subgingival samples were obtained at six time points: 1 week before appliance insertion (T0), 3 (T1), 6 (T2) weeks, 3 (T3), 6 (T4) months, and 1 year (T5) after that. Gingival index and plaque index were assessed to evaluated changes on the clinical status. Subgingival samples were collected to analyze changes in aMMP-8. RESULTS Scores for gingival and plaque index increased after bracket insertion. The gingival index increased from T2 (p < 0.05) until T5 (p < 0.0001). Plaque index also increased, reaching its maximum peak at T3 (p < 0.05). Moreover, an increase of aMMP-8 levels (p < 0.05) was noted. There was no significant between upper and lower jaws. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with multibracket appliances in adolescents favors dental plaque accumulation and may transitionally increase gingival and plaque index and aMMP-8 levels leading to gingival inflammation, even 1 year after therapy began. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the dental medical association Rheiland-Pfalz, Germany (process no. 837.340.12 (8441-F)), and followed the guidelines of Good Clinical Practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Ferrari Peron
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Heinrich Wehrbein
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ambili Mundethu
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 69, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Erbe
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Le Y, Zhang J, Hong T, Yang J. Coexistence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, arginine vasopressin deficiency, and Marfan syndrome: A case report. J Diabetes Investig 2024. [PMID: 38429969 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) are characterized by polyuria. Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by pathogenetic variants in FBN1. Here, we report a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, AVP-D, and Marfan syndrome. Although the coexistence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and AVP-D is rare, for those patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the existence of AVP-D should be considered when polyuria is not in accordance with the blood glucose levels, especially for those with a low urine specific gravity. Specific symptoms or signs help to identify Marfan syndrome early, and genetic testing of the FBN1 pathogenetic variant helps to make a definitive diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Le
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mauramo M, Uutela P, Sorsa T, Tervahartiala T, Bornstein MM, Waltimo T. Oral active matrix metalloproteinase-8 immunotest may be less accurate in haemato-oncologic patients. Oral Dis 2024; 30:624-630. [PMID: 35925017 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines the associations of active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) point-of-care immunotest (Periosafe) outcomes with oral health of patients with haemato-oncologic diseases. METHODS Adult patients diagnosed with haematological diseases aimed to be treated with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between 2018 and 2019 were included in the study. Clinical and radiological dental examination were taken immediately prior to transplantation. The presence of oral foci of infections, caries or periodontitis was examined and compared with the outcomes of aMMP-8 immunotest. RESULTS Acute oral infection foci were present in 11.9%, chronic in 44.1% and periodontitis in 42.0% of the 143 subjects. aMMP-8 immunotest was positive in 13.3% of all the 143 subjects. Among subjects with periodontitis (n = 60), the aMMP-8 immunotest was also positive in 13.3% of these subjects. However, the subjects with positive aMMP-8 immunotest (n = 19) had more often acute or chronic infection foci and more than one of the examined dental treatment needs compared with subjects with negative immunotest (all p < 0.05). There were no differences in age, sex, hyposalivation, DMFT-index values nor with plasma levels of leukocytes, neutrophils or C-reactive protein between subjects with positive or negative aMMP-8 immunotest. CONCLUSIONS aMMP-8 immunotest accuracy might be reduced, in relation to periodontitis, in haemato-oncologic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Mauramo
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department for Oral Health & Medicine, UZB University Centre for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pauliina Uutela
- Department for Oral Health & Medicine, UZB University Centre for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael M Bornstein
- Department for Oral Health & Medicine, UZB University Centre for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tuomas Waltimo
- Department for Oral Health & Medicine, UZB University Centre for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cai R, Liu Y, Wang X, Wei H, Wang J, Cao Y, Lei J, Li D. Influences of standardized clinical probing on peri-implant soft tissue seal in a situation of peri-implant mucositis: A histomorphometric study in dogs. J Periodontol 2024; 95:233-243. [PMID: 37515595 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical probing is commonly recommended to evaluate peri-implant conditions. In a situation of peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis, the peri-implant seal healing from the disruption of soft tissue caused by probing has not yet been studied. This study aimed to investigate soft tissue healing after standardized clinical probing around osseointegrated implants with peri-implant mucositis in a dog model. METHODS Three transmucosal implants in each hemi-mandible of six dogs randomly assigned to the peri-implant healthy group or peri-implant mucositis group were probed randomly in the mesial or distal site as probing groups (PH or PM), the cross-sectional opposite sites as unprobed control groups. Histomorphometric measurements of implant shoulder (IS)-most coronal level of alveolar bone contact to the implant surface (BCI), apical termination of the junctional epithelium (aJE)-BCI, mucosal margin (MM)-BCI, and MM-aJE were performed at 1 day, 1 week, and 2 weeks after probing. Apoptosis, proliferation, proinflammatory cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) of peri-implant soft tissue were estimated by immunofluorescent analysis. RESULTS In the PM group, apical migration of junctional epithelium was revealed by significantly decreased aJE-BCI from 1 day to 2 weeks in comparison to unprobed sites (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were found in the PH group. Immunofluorescent analysis showed higher levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), MMP-1, and MMP-8, together with exaggerated apoptosis and proliferation of peri-implant soft tissue in the PM group. CONCLUSION Within the limitations, standardized clinical probing might lead to apical migration of the junctional epithelium in a situation of peri-implant mucositis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongbo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanze Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dehua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nowak-Terpiłowska A, Nowak I, Feliczak-Guzik A, Wyganowska M. Analysis of the Impact of Ethanol Extract of Calendula officinalis L. on Human Fibroblast Cell Cultures Using the PANsys 3000 Device for Breeding and Visualization of Cells. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1949. [PMID: 37895331 PMCID: PMC10608748 DOI: 10.3390/life13101949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Calendula officinalis L. promotes wound healing and might be effective in gingival fibroblast stimulation. The influence of different concentrations of Calendula officinalis L. ethanol extract on human gingival fibroblast was visualized using PANsys 3000-a fully automated cell culture device used for in vitro culture to study cells under conditions similar to in vivo. The human fibroblast cells were isolated from gingival tissue. The 100% brew of Calendula officinalis L., as well as 7% and 20% Calendula officinalis L. ethanol extract, were added to the cultured cells and observed for 72 h. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatile compounds of marigold Calendula officinalis L. flowers are presented in this study. The essential oil compounds of the decoction were isolated with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed with gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, and other compounds was demonstrated. The composition was correlated with the fragrance properties. Observation of gingival fibroblast showed that there were no changes in cell morphology and proliferation after 100% Calendula officinalis L. brew stimulation. The growth and cell division were not inhibited. Likewise, the addition of 7% or 20% ethanol in water extract of Calendula officinalis L. stimulation did not inhibit the fibroblast proliferation. Overall, ethanol extracts of Calendula officinalis L. decrease the alcohol cytotoxic influence on gingival fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nowak-Terpiłowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11 St., 60-632 Poznan, Poland
| | - Izabela Nowak
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 St., 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (I.N.); (A.F.-G.)
| | - Agnieszka Feliczak-Guzik
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 St., 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (I.N.); (A.F.-G.)
| | - Marzena Wyganowska
- Department of Dental Surgery, Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70 St., 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abdelrahman S, Ge R, Susapto HH, Liu Y, Samkari F, Moretti M, Liu X, Hoehndorf R, Emwas AH, Jaremko M, Rawas RH, Hauser CAE. The Impact of Mechanical Cues on the Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Profiles of Human Dermal Fibroblasts Cultured in Ultrashort Self-Assembling Peptide 3D Scaffolds. ACS NANO 2023; 17:14508-14531. [PMID: 37477873 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Cells' interactions with their microenvironment influence their morphological features and regulate crucial cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and gene expression. Most biological data available are based on in vitro two-dimensional (2D) cellular models, which fail to recapitulate the three-dimensional (3D) in vivo systems. This can be attributed to the lack of cell-matrix interaction and the limitless access to nutrients and oxygen, in contrast to in vivo systems. Despite the emergence of a plethora of 3D matrices to address this challenge, there are few reports offering a proper characterization of these matrices or studying how the cell-matrix interaction influences cellular metabolism in correlation with gene expression. In this study, two tetrameric ultrashort self-assembling peptide sequences, FFIK and FIIK, were used to create in vitro 3D models using well-described human dermal fibroblast cells. The peptide sequences are derived from naturally occurring amino acids that are capable of self-assembling into stable hydrogels without UV or chemical cross-linking. Our results showed that 2D cultured fibroblasts exhibited distinct metabolic and transcriptomic profiles compared to 3D cultured cells. The observed changes in the metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles were closely interconnected and influenced several important metabolic pathways including the TCA cycle, glycolysis, MAPK signaling cascades, and hemostasis. Data provided here may lead to clearer insights into the influence of the surrounding microenvironment on human dermal fibroblast metabolic patterns and molecular mechanisms, underscoring the importance of utilizing efficient 3D in vitro models to study such complex mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Abdelrahman
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Smart Health Initiative (KSHI), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rui Ge
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hepi H Susapto
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yang Liu
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Samkari
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manola Moretti
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Smart Health Initiative (KSHI), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinzhi Liu
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert Hoehndorf
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranim H Rawas
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Charlotte A E Hauser
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Smart Health Initiative (KSHI), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Umapathy VR, Natarajan PM, Swamikannu B. Review Insights on Salivary Proteomics Biomarkers in Oral Cancer Detection and Diagnosis. Molecules 2023; 28:5283. [PMID: 37446943 PMCID: PMC10343386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection is crucial for the treatment and prognosis of oral cancer, a potentially lethal condition. Tumor markers are abnormal biological byproducts produced by malignant cells that may be found and analyzed in a variety of bodily fluids, including saliva. Early detection and appropriate treatment can increase cure rates to 80-90% and considerably improve quality of life by reducing the need for costly, incapacitating medicines. Salivary diagnostics has drawn the interest of many researchers and has been proven to be an effective tool for both medication monitoring and the diagnosis of several systemic diseases. Since researchers are now searching for biomarkers in saliva, an accessible bodily fluid, for noninvasive diagnosis of oral cancer, measuring tumor markers in saliva is an interesting alternative to blood testing for early identification, post-treatment monitoring, and monitoring high-risk lesions. New molecular markers for oral cancer detection, treatment, and prognosis have been found as a result of developments in the fields of molecular biology and salivary proteomics. The numerous salivary tumor biomarkers and how they relate to oral cancer and pre-cancer are covered in this article. We are optimistic that salivary protein biomarkers may one day be discovered for the clinical detection of oral cancer because of the rapid advancement of proteomic technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Rekha Umapathy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600107, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabhu Manickam Natarajan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences and Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bhuminathan Swamikannu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER University, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, Tamil Nadu, India;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lähteenmäki H, Pätilä T, Pärnänen CP, Räisänen I, Tervahartiala T, Gupta S, Sorsa T. aMMP-8 point-of-care - diagnostic methods and treatment modalities in periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:627-637. [PMID: 37522314 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2240014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When collected in a standardized fashion, oral fluid analysis can refine the diagnosis of periodontal and peri-implant disease. In practice, dental professionals can perform active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP-8) analysis chairside. AREAS COVERED Periodontal tissues are mainly made up of type I collagen, and collagen breakdown is one of the main events in periodontal and peri-implantitis destructive lesions. In addition to traditional measurements, their diagnosis can be refined with tests utilizing oral fluids. The active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) is possible to be determined from the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF), and other oral fluids such as mouth rinse and saliva. We also investigated the applicability of aMMP-8 chair-side test kits in the evaluation of oral health benefits of different adjunctive host-modulating periodontal therapies including fermented lingonberry mouthwash (FLJ) and antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). EXPERT OPINION The aMMP-8 levels can more reliably detect early activation of periodontal and peri-implant disease as compared to traditional diagnostic methods that assess the experienced health status or past disease, rather than the present or future pathology. Novel therapies like, fermented lingonberry juice as a mouthrinse or aPDT, are potential host-modulating adjunctive treatments to reduce the signs of oral inflammation and infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lähteenmäki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Pätilä
- Department of Pediatric Heart Surgery and Organ Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ismo Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shipra Gupta
- Unit of Periodontology, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Heikkinen AM, Sokka TT, Torppa-Saarinen E, Pimiä E, Jokinen M, Maijala M, Rantala I, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Kauppila T. aMMP-8 Point-of-Care Test (POCT) Identifies Reliably Periodontitis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes as well as Monitors Treatment Response. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2224. [PMID: 37443617 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between diabetes and periodontitis is bi-directional: high glucose levels increase the risk of periodontitis and elevated oral fluid aMMP-8 as well as diabetic development while untreated periodontitis worsens glycaemic control. METHODS Type-2 patients (N = 161) underwent an aMMP-8 Point-of-Care Test (POCT) at diabetes clinics. If the test was positive, the patient was sent to an oral health care clinic and oral health examination, health-promoting as well as necessary treatment procedures were carried out. Only 41 patients underwent full clinical evaluations. At the end of the treatment, an aMMP-8 POCT (B) was performed and if the test was positive, the treatment was continued and a new test (C) was performed, aiming for test negativity. The glycated haemoglobin (GHbA1c) test was performed approximately 6 months from the original appointment. RESULTS GHbA1c concentrations did not decrease during the follow-up. The concentrations of aMMP-8 assessed by POCT, and clinical parameters decreased. Changes in GHbA1c and aMMP-8 levels assessed by POCT during the treatment correlated positively with each other (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION aMMP-8 POCT proved its reliability, and that its use is beneficial in the diabetes clinic, it enables identifying patients with periodontal findings reliably and guides them directly to an oral health clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Heikkinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, 33100 Tampere, Finland
- Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, 33400 Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Elina Pimiä
- Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, 33400 Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Jokinen
- Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, 33400 Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Maijala
- Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, 33400 Tampere, Finland
| | - Iina Rantala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Kauppila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, 33100 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cardoso LM, Pansani TN, de Souza Costa CA, Basso FG. Naringenin and proanthocyanidins pre-treatment decreases synthesis and activity of gelatinases induced by zoledronic acid in a dental implant surface in vitro model. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 151:105703. [PMID: 37146390 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of pre-treatment with proanthocyanidins (PA) flavonoids, from grape seed extract, and synthetic naringenin (NA) on the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) gelatinases and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), as well as the gelatinolytic activity of MMPs by human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and osteoblasts (Ob) exposed to zoledronic acid (ZA) in a dental implant surface in vitro model. DESIGN The highest non-cytotoxic concentrations of NA and PA were determined for HGF (10 μg/mL; defined by previous study) and Ob (0.5 μg/mL; defined by prestoBlue assay). Then, HFG and Ob were individually seeded onto titanium discs, and after 24 h, cells were pre-treated (or not) with NA or PA, followed (or not) by exposure to ZA. Next, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 synthesis (ELISA), and gelatinolytic activity (in situ zymography) was evaluated. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS ZA treatment increased the synthesis (p < 0.05) and activity of MMPs; flavonoids pre-treatment controlled ZA-induced gelatinolytic effects, down-regulating MMPs synthesis (p < 0.05) and activity by HGF and Ob. For HGF, NA and PA pre-treatment did not up-regulate TIMP synthesis after ZA exposure (p > 0.05); for Ob, TIMP-2 was up-regulated (p < 0.05) by flavonoids, followed by ZA. CONCLUSIONS NA and PA pre-treatment provides interesting results in the modulation of ZA deleterious effects, down-regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 synthesis and activity by HGF and Ob and up-regulating TIMP-2 by Ob.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lais Medeiros Cardoso
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP) - School of Dentistry, 1680 Humaitá Street, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Taisa Nogueira Pansani
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP) - School of Dentistry, 1680 Humaitá Street, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, São Paulo State University (UNESP) - School of Dentistry, 1680 Humaitá Street, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Basso
- Department of Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto University (UNAERP), 2201 Costábile Romano Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14096-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
AlMoharib HS, AlRowis R, AlMubarak A, Waleed Almadhoon H, Ashri N. The Relationship between Matrix Metalloproteinases-8 and peri-implantitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:283-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
|
13
|
Lin B, Ser HL, Wang L, Li J, Chan KG, Lee LH, Tan LTH. The Emerging Role of MMP12 in the Oral Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054648. [PMID: 36902078 PMCID: PMC10002488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP12), or macrophage metalloelastase, plays important roles in extracellular matrix (ECM) component degradation. Recent reports show MMP12 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. To date, this review represents the latest comprehensive overview of MMP12 in various oral diseases, such as periodontitis, temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD), orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Furthermore, the current knowledge regarding the distribution of MMP12 in different tissues is also illustrated in this review. Studies have implicated the association of MMP12 expression with the pathogenesis of several representative oral diseases, including periodontitis, TMD, OSCC, OTM, and bone remodelling. Although there may be a potential role of MMP12 in oral diseases, the exact pathophysiological role of MMP12 remains to be elucidated. Understanding the cellular and molecular biology of MMP12 is essential, as MMP12 could be a potential target for developing therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory and immunologically related oral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingpeng Lin
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Hooi Leng Ser
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Lijing Wang
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (K.-G.C.); (L.-H.L.)
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Innovative Bioprospection Development Research Group (InBioD), Clinical School Johor Bahru, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Johor Bahru 80100, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.-G.C.); (L.-H.L.)
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Innovative Bioprospection Development Research Group (InBioD), Clinical School Johor Bahru, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Johor Bahru 80100, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Keskin M, Rintamarttunen J, Gülçiçek E, Räisänen IT, Gupta S, Tervahartiala T, Pätilä T, Sorsa T. A Comparative Analysis of Treatment-Related Changes in the Diagnostic Biomarker Active Metalloproteinase-8 Levels in Patients with Periodontitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050903. [PMID: 36900047 PMCID: PMC10001139 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have revealed the potential diagnostic utility of aMMP-8, an active form of MMP-8, in periodontal and peri-implant diseases. While non-invasive point-of-care (PoC) chairside aMMP-8 tests have shown promise in this regard, there is a dearth of literature on the evaluation of treatment response using these tests. The present study aimed to investigate treatment-related changes in aMMP-8 levels in individuals with Stage III/IV-Grade C periodontitis compared to a healthy control group, using a quantitative chairside PoC aMMP-8 test, and to determine its correlation with clinical parameters. METHODS The study included 27 adult patients (13 smoker, 14 non-smoker) with stage III/IV-grade C periodontitis and 25 healthy adult subjects. Clinical periodontal measurements, real-time PoC aMMP-8, IFMA aMMP-8, and Western immunoblot analyses were performed before and 1 month after anti-infective scaling and root planing periodontal treatment. Time 0 measurements were taken from the healthy control group to test the consistency of the diagnostic test. RESULTS Both PoC aMMP-8 and IFMA aMMP-8 tests showed a statistically significant decrease in aMMP-8 levels and improvement in periodontal clinical parameters following treatment (p < 0.05). The PoC aMMP-8 test had high diagnostic sensitivity (85.2%) and specificity (100.0%) for periodontitis and was not affected by smoking (p > 0.05). Treatment also reduced MMP-8 immunoreactivity and activation as demonstrated by Western immunoblot analysis. CONCLUSION The PoC aMMP-8 test shows promise as a useful tool for the real-time diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mutlu Keskin
- Oral and Dental Health Department, Altınbaş University, Istanbul 34140, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-5365246000
| | - Juulia Rintamarttunen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emre Gülçiçek
- Fulya Oral and Dental Health Clinic, Tekirdağ 59030, Turkey
| | - Ismo T. Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shipra Gupta
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Pätilä
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital University, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bhatt HD, Golub LM, Lee HM, Kim J, Zimmerman T, Deng J, Hong H, Johnson F, Gu Y. Efficacy of a Novel Pleiotropic MMP-Inhibitor, CMC2.24, in a Long-Term Diabetes Rat Model with Severe Hyperglycemia-Induced Oral Bone Loss. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:779-792. [PMID: 36860795 PMCID: PMC9969803 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s399043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose CMC2.24, a novel 4-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-chemically-modified-curcumin, is a pleiotropic MMP-Inhibitor of various inflammatory/collagenolytic diseases including periodontitis. This compound has demonstrated efficacy in host modulation therapy along with improved resolution of inflammation in various study models. The objective of current study is to determine the efficacy of CMC2.24 in reducing the severity of diabetes, and its long-term role as an MMP-inhibitor, in a rat model. Methods Twenty-one adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed into three groups: Normal (N), Diabetic (D) and Diabetic+CMC2.24 (D+2.24). All three groups were orally administered vehicle: carboxymethylcellulose alone (N, D), or CMC2.24 (D+2.24; 30mg/kg/day). Blood was collected at 2-months and 4-months' time-point. At completion, gingival tissue and peritoneal washes were collected/analyzed, and jaws examined for alveolar bone loss by micro-CT. Additionally, sodium hypochlorite(NaClO)-activation of human-recombinant (rh) MMP-9 and its inhibition by treatment with 10μM CMC2.24, Doxycycline, and Curcumin were evaluated. Results CMC2.24 significantly reduced the levels of lower-molecular-weight active-MMP-9 in plasma. Similar trend of reduced active-MMP-9 was also observed in cell-free peritoneal and pooled gingival extracts. Thus, treatment substantially decreased conversion of pro- to actively destructive proteinase. Normalization of the pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1ß, resolvin-RvD1), and diabetes-induced osteoporosis was observed in presence of CMCM2.24. CMC2.24 also exhibited significant anti-oxidant activity by inhibiting the activation of MMP-9 to a lower-molecular-weight (82kDa) pathologically active form. All these systemic and local effects were observed in the absence of reduction in severity of hyperglycemia. Conclusion CMC2.24 reduced activation of pathologic active-MMP-9, normalized diabetic osteoporosis, and promoted resolution of inflammation but had no effect on the hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. This study also highlights the role of MMP-9 as an early/sensitive biomarker in the absence of change in any other biochemical parameter. CMC2.24 also inhibited significant activation of pro-MMP-9 by NaOCl (oxidant) adding to known mechanisms by which this compound treats collagenolytic/inflammatory diseases including periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heta Dinesh Bhatt
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA,Correspondence: Heta Dinesh Bhatt, Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA, Tel +1631820-5311, Email
| | - Lorne M Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jihwan Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Zimmerman
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources (DLAR) at Stony Brook, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Houlin Hong
- Department of Community Health & Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Francis Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of General Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen WA, Dou Y, Fletcher HM, Boskovic DS. Local and Systemic Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection. Microorganisms 2023; 11:470. [PMID: 36838435 PMCID: PMC9963840 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobe, is a leading etiological agent in periodontitis. This infectious pathogen can induce a dysbiotic, proinflammatory state within the oral cavity by disrupting commensal interactions between the host and oral microbiota. It is advantageous for P. gingivalis to avoid complete host immunosuppression, as inflammation-induced tissue damage provides essential nutrients necessary for robust bacterial proliferation. In this context, P. gingivalis can gain access to the systemic circulation, where it can promote a prothrombotic state. P. gingivalis expresses a number of virulence factors, which aid this pathogen toward infection of a variety of host cells, evasion of detection by the host immune system, subversion of the host immune responses, and activation of several humoral and cellular hemostatic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William A Chen
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Yuetan Dou
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Hansel M Fletcher
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Danilo S Boskovic
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Daraban Bocaneti F, Altamura G, Corteggio A, Tanase OI, Dascalu MA, Pasca SA, Hritcu O, Mares M, Borzacchiello G. Expression of collagenases (matrix metalloproteinase-1, -8, -13) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) in naturally occurring bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1072672. [PMID: 36713871 PMCID: PMC9878699 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1072672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas are among the most common skin tumors in cattle; their etiology is associated with infection by bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types-1/-2 which are considered oncogenic. Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), especially collagenolysis, is a key event during a series of relevant physiological processes, including tissue remodeling and repair. Various types of proteins are implicated in the regulation of ECM degradation: among these, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a group of zinc-dependent endoenzymes, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are known to play a major role. Previous studies reported that aberrant expression of collagenolytic MMPs (MMP-1/-8/-13) and unbalancing between MMPs and TIMPs represent a critical step in tumor growth and invasion; however, studies regarding this topic in bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the collagenases MMP-1/-8/-13 and TIMP-3 in naturally occurring fibropapillomas harboring BPV-2 DNA and normal skin samples. Here, by immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis, we demonstrated overexpression of MMP-8/-13 along with a down-regulation of MMP-1, associated with a decrease in TIMP-3 levels in tumor compared with normal skin samples. This is the first study describing MMP-1/-8/-13 and TIMP-3 expression in bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas and our results suggest that an impaired expression of collagenases along with an imbalance between MMPs/TIMPs may contribute to an increased collagenolytic activity, which in turn could be important in ECM changes and tumors development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Daraban Bocaneti
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Iaşi, Romania,*Correspondence: Florentina Daraban Bocaneti ✉
| | - Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Annunziata Corteggio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Oana Irina Tanase
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Anca Dascalu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Sorin Aurelian Pasca
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Ozana Hritcu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Mihai Mares
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee HJ, Lee SJ, Lee SK, Choi BK, Lee DR. Magnolia kobus Extract Inhibits Periodontitis-Inducing Mediators in Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Activated RAW 264.7 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:538-554. [PMID: 36661522 PMCID: PMC9858207 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a disease caused by inflammation of oral bacteria, contributes to the loss of alveolar bone and destruction of connective tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative bacterium, is known to possess important pathogenic factors for periodontal disease. In this study, we investigated the anti-periodontitis effects of Magnolia kobus extract (MKE) and magnolin as a component of Magnolia kobus (MK) in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Effects of MKE and magnolin on the mechanism of RAW 264.7 cellular inflammation were determined by analyzing nitric oxide (NO) production and Western blot protein expression (n = 3). MKE/magnolin inhibited NO production without affecting cell survival. MKE/magnolin treatment inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs such as MMP-1, 3, 8, 9, and 13), and protein levels of inflammatory mediators (such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and mPGES-1). MKE/magnolin also suppressed NF-κB activation by inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that MKE has a therapeutic effect on inflammatory periodontal disease caused by oral bacterium P. gingivalis and that magnolin is a major functional component in the anti-inflammatory effect of MKE.
Collapse
|
19
|
Streptococcus mutans Proteases Degrade Dentinal Collagen. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10120223. [PMID: 36547039 PMCID: PMC9776523 DOI: 10.3390/dj10120223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we explored the role of S. mutans’s whole cell and discrete fractions in the degradation of type I collagen and dentinal collagen. Type I collagen gels and human demineralized dentin slabs (DS) were incubated in media alone or with one of the following: overnight (O/N) or newly inoculated (NEW) cultures of S. mutans UA159; intracellular proteins, supernatant or bacterial membranes of O/N cultures. Media from all groups were analyzed for protease-mediated release of the collagen-specific imino acid hydroxyproline. Images of type I collagen and DS were analyzed, respectively. Type I collagen degradation was highest for the supernatant (p < 0.05) fractions, followed by intracellular components and O/N cultures. Collagen degradation for DS samples was highest for O/N samples, followed by supernatant, and intracellular components (p < 0.05). There was lower detectable degradation for both type I collagen and DS from NEW culture samples (p < 0.05), and there was no type I collagen or DS degradation detected for bacterial membrane samples. Structural changes to type I collagen gel and dentinal collagen were observed, respectively, following incubation with S. mutans cultures (O/N and NEW), intracellular components, and supernatant. This study demonstrates that intracellular and extracellular proteolytic activities from S. mutans enable this cariogenic bacterium to degrade type I and dentinal collagen in a growth-phase dependent manner, potentially contributing to the progression of dental caries.
Collapse
|
20
|
Guo X, Sun Y, Wang Z, Ren B, Xu HHK, Peng X, Li M, Wang S, Wang H, Wu Y, Weir MD, Zhou X, Lan F, Cheng L. The Preventive Effect of A Magnetic Nanoparticle-Modified Root Canal Sealer on Persistent Apical Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13137. [PMID: 36361925 PMCID: PMC9655100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent apical periodontitis is a critical challenge for endodontists. Developing root canal filling materials with continuous antibacterial effects and tightly sealed root canals are essential strategies to avoid the failure of root canal therapy and prevent persistent apical periodontitis. We modified the EndoREZ root canal sealer with the antibacterial material dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The mechanical properties of the modified root canal sealer were tested. The biocompatibility of this sealer was verified in vitro and in vivo. Multispecies biofilms were constructed to assess the antibacterial effects of the modified root canal sealer. We applied magnetic fields and examined the extent of root canal sealer penetration in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that EndoREZ sealer containing 2.5% DMADDM and 1% MNP had biological safety and apical sealing ability. In addition, the modified sealer could increase the sealer penetration range and exert significant antibacterial effects on multispecies biofilms under an external magnetic field. According to the in vivo study, the apices of the root canals with the sealer containing 2.5% DMADDM and 1% MNP showed no significant resorption and exhibited only a slight increase in the periodontal ligament space, with a good inhibitory effect on persistent apical periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Suping Wang
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Haohao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fang Lan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Determination of the Accuracy of Salivary Biomarkers for Periodontal Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102485. [PMID: 36292174 PMCID: PMC9600931 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate the accuracy of salivary matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-8 and -9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in diagnosing periodontitis and in distinguishing periodontitis stages (S)1 to S3. Methods: This study was a case–control study that included patients with periodontitis S1 to S3 and subjects with healthy periodontia (controls). Saliva was collected, and then, clinical parameters were recorded, including plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. Diagnosis was confirmed by assessing the alveolar bone level using radiography. Salivary biomarkers were assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: A total of 45 patients (15 for each stage) and 18 healthy subjects as controls were included. The levels of all salivary biomarkers and clinical parameters were significantly higher in periodontitis subjects than in the controls. The ROC curve showed that MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1, MMP-8/TIMP-1, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 had statistically significant diagnostic accuracy, with areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.892, 0.844, 0.920, 0.986, and 1.000, respectively, when distinguishing periodontitis from the controls. Similarly, these biomarkers showed significant diagnostic accuracy in the differentiation of S1 periodontitis from the controls (AUC range from 0.902 to 1.000). Conclusions: This study suggested that salivary biomarkers exhibited high diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing periodontal health from periodontitis in general as well as S1 periodontitis. Furthermore, TIMP-1 could differentiate S1 from S3.
Collapse
|
22
|
The Effects of Nutrient Signaling Regulators in Combination with Phytocannabinoids on the Senescence-Associated Phenotype in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158804. [PMID: 35955938 PMCID: PMC9368899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying effective anti-aging compounds is a cornerstone of modern longevity, aging, and skin-health research. There is considerable evidence of the effectiveness of nutrient signaling regulators such as metformin, resveratrol, and rapamycin in longevity and anti-aging studies; however, their potential protective role in skin aging is controversial. In light of the increasing appearance of phytocannabinoids in beauty products without rigorous research on their rejuvenation efficacy, we decided to investigate the potential role of phytocannabinoids in combination with nutrient signaling regulators in skin rejuvenation. Utilizing CCD-1064Sk skin fibroblasts, the effect of metformin, triacetylresveratrol, and rapamycin combined with phytocannabinoids on cellular viability, functional activity, metabolic function, and nuclear architecture was tested. We found triacetylresveratrol combined with cannabidiol increased the viability of skin fibroblasts (p < 0.0001), restored wound-healing functional activity (p < 0.001), reduced metabolic dysfunction, and ameliorated nuclear eccentricity and circularity in senescent fibroblasts (p < 0.01). Conversely, metformin with or without phytocannabinoids did not show any beneficial effects on functional activity, while rapamycin inhibited cell viability (p < 0.01) and the speed of wound healing (p < 0.001). Therefore, triacetylresveratrol and cannabidiol can be a valuable source of biologically active substances used in aging and more studies using animals to confirm the efficacy of cannabidiol combined with triacetylresveratrol should be performed.
Collapse
|
23
|
Mechanical Compression by Simulating Orthodontic Tooth Movement in an In Vitro Model Modulates Phosphorylation of AKT and MAPKs via TLR4 in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158062. [PMID: 35897640 PMCID: PMC9331670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical compression simulating orthodontic tooth movement in in vitro models induces pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Our previous work shows that TLR4 is involved in this process. Here, primary PDL cells are isolated and characterized to better understand the cell signaling downstream of key molecules involved in the process of sterile inflammation via TLR4. The TLR4 monoclonal blocking antibody significantly reverses the upregulation of phospho-AKT, caused by compressive force, to levels comparable to controls by inhibition of TLR4. Phospho-ERK and phospho-p38 are also modulated in the short term via TLR4. Additionally, moderate compressive forces of 2 g/cm2, a gold standard for static compressive mechanical stimulation, are not able to induce translocation of Nf-kB and phospho-ERK into the nucleus. Accordingly, we demonstrated for the first time that TLR4 is also one of the triggers for signal transduction under compressive force. The TLR4, one of the pattern recognition receptors, is involved through its specific molecular structures on damaged cells during mechanical stress. Our findings provide the basis for further research on TLR4 in the modulation of sterile inflammation during orthodontic therapy and periodontal remodeling.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sorsa T, Nwhator SO, Sakellari D, Grigoriadis A, Umeizudike KA, Brandt E, Keskin M, Tervahartiala T, Pärnänen P, Gupta S, Mohindra R, Bostanci N, Buduneli N, Räisänen IT. aMMP-8 Oral Fluid PoC Test in Relation to Oral and Systemic Diseases. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:897115. [PMID: 35757444 PMCID: PMC9226345 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.897115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The manuscript uses the previously published literature and highlights the benefits of active-matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP)-8 chairside/point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic tools as adjunctive measures in oral and systemic diseases. Previous studies suggest that as a biomarker, aMMP-8 is more precise than total MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-13, MMP-7, MMP-1, calprotectin, myeloperoxidase (MPO), human neutrophil elastase (HNE), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and bleeding of probing (BOP). Therefore, aMMP-8 could be implemented as the needed key biomarker for the new disease classification for both periodontitis and peri-implantitis. With a sensitivity to the tune of 75–85% and specificity in the range of 80–90%, lateral flow aMMP-8 PoC testing is comparable to catalytic protease activity assays for aMMP-8. The test can be further applied to estimate the glycemic status of an individual, to ascertain whether a person is at risk for COVID-19, in managing the oral side effects of radiotherapy carried in head and neck cancers, and in selected cases pertaining to reproductive health. In the future, aMMP-8 could find application as a potential systemic biomarker in diseases affecting the cardiovascular system, cancers, bacteremia, sepsis, diabetes, obesity, meningitis, as well as pancreatitis. The aMMP-8 PoCT is the first practical test in the emerging new dental clinical field, that is, oral clinical chemistry representing oral medicine, clinical chemistry, peri-implantology, and periodontology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Dimitra Sakellari
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Grigoriadis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- 424 General Army Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kehinde Adesola Umeizudike
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ella Brandt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mutlu Keskin
- Oral and Dental Health Department, Altinbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shipra Gupta
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritin Mohindra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ismo Tapani Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Ismo Tapani Räisänen
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Furukawa M, Matsuda K, Aoki Y, Yamada M, Wang J, Watanabe M, Kurosawa M, Shikama Y, Matsushita K. Analysis of senescence in gingival tissues and gingival fibroblast cultures. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:939-949. [PMID: 35491709 PMCID: PMC9382052 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine senescence‐associated changes in the gingival tissues of aged mice and gingival fibroblast cultures. Materials and Methods The production of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) and mRNA expression of p16, p21, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) were evaluated in gingival tissues, gingival fibroblasts of 10‐ and 20‐month‐old C57BL/6NCrl mice, and multiple‐passaged and hydrogen peroxide‐stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Changes in molecular expression in HGF cultures due to senescent cell elimination by the senolytic drug ABT‐263 (Navitoclax) were analyzed. Results Compared to 10‐week‐old mice, the 20‐month‐old mice had higher numbers of M1 macrophages. The proportion of cells expressing SA‐β‐gal were also higher in 20‐ month‐old mice than in 10‐week‐old‐mice. Gingival fibroblasts in 20‐month‐old mice expressed less collagen 1a1, collagen 4a1, and collagen 4a2 mRNA than those in 10‐week‐old mice. Compared to control cells, H2O2 treated HGF cells expressed higher levels of SA‐β‐gal and p16, p21, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α. Furthermore, ABT‐263 suppressed HGF cell expression of cytokines after senescence induction. Conclusions Senescence‐associated changes were observed in the gingival tissues of aged mice and HGF cultures. In addition, the potential of senolytic drugs to modify aging‐related changes in the gingiva was shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masae Furukawa
- Department of Oral Disease Research National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| | | | - Yu Aoki
- Daiichi Sankyo Healthcare Co., Ltd. Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Yamada
- Department of Oral Disease Research National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Aichi Gakuin University Nagoya Japan
| | - Jingshu Wang
- Department of Oral Disease Research National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| | - Maki Watanabe
- Department of Oral Disease Research National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| | - Mie Kurosawa
- Department of Oral Disease Research National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| | - Yosuke Shikama
- Department of Oral Disease Research National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| | - Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Bravo SB, Carballo J, Del Pilar Chantada-Vázquez M, Bagán J, Bagán L, Chamorro-Petronacci CM, Conde-Amboage M, López-López R, García-García A, Pérez-Sayáns M. Quantitative proteomics in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a proof-of-concept study. Oral Dis 2022. [PMID: 35377498 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a paradoxical effect associated with bone modifying agents (BMAs) and other drugs. Currently no valuable diagnostic or prognosis biomarkers exist. This goal of this research was to study MRONJ related salivary proteome. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control aimed to study salivary proteome in MRONJ versus control groups i) formed from BMAs consumers and ii) healthy individuals to unravel biomarkers. 38 samples of unstimulated whole saliva (18 MRONJ patients, 10 BMA consumers, and 10 healthy controls) were collected. Proteomic analysis by SWATH-MS coupled to bioinformatics analysis was executed. RESULTS 586 proteins were identified, 175 proteins showed significant differences among MRONJ versus controls. SWATH-MS revealed differentially expressed proteins among three groups, which have never isolated. These proteins had distinct roles including cell envelope organization, positive regulation of vesicle fusion, positive regulation of receptor binding, or regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Integrative analysis prioritised 3 proteins (MMP9, AACT and HBD). Under receiver operating characteristic analysis, this panel discriminated MRONJ with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 78.9%. CONCLUSION These findings may inform of a novel biomarker panel for MRONJ prediction or diagnosis. Nonetheless, further research is needed to validate this panel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro I Lorenzo-Pouso
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, MedOralRes Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Spain
| | - Susana B Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Carballo
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, Spain
| | - María Del Pilar Chantada-Vázquez
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Bagán
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital of Valencia, Spain
| | - Leticia Bagán
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital of Valencia, Spain
| | - Cintia M Chamorro-Petronacci
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, MedOralRes Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Spain
| | - Mercedes Conde-Amboage
- Models of Optimization, Decision, Statistics and Applications Reseach Group (MODESTYA), Department of Statistics, Mathematical Analysis and Optimization, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Spain
| | - Abel García-García
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, MedOralRes Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Spain
| | - Mario Pérez-Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, MedOralRes Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Characteristics of Human Oral Microbiome and Its Non-invasive Diagnostic Value in Chronic Kidney Disease. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231089. [PMID: 35348181 PMCID: PMC9093701 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Morbidity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increased, with many complications and high mortality rates. The characteristics of oral microbiome in CKD patients have not been reported. This study aims to analyze the oral microbiome, and to demonstrate the potential of microbiome as noninvasive biomarkers for CKD patients. Methods: The study collected 253 oral samples from different regions of China (Central China and East China) prospectively and finally 235 samples completed Miseq sequencing, including 103 samples from CKD patients and 132 healthy controls (HCs). Results: Compared with HCs (n=88), the oral microbial diversity in CKD patients (n=44) was increased. Fourteen genera including Streptococcus, Actinomyces and Leptotrichia were enriched, while six genera including Prevotella and Haemophilus were decreased in CKD patients. Moreover, 49 predicted microbial gene functions including arginine metabolism and tryptophan metabolism increased, while 55 functions including Ribosome and DNA repair recombination proteins decreased. Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated that 38 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were closely related to 5 clinical indicators of CKD. Notably, 7 optimal biomarkers were identified using random forest model, and the classifier model respectively reached an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9917 and 0.8026 in the discovery and validation phase, achieving a cross-region validation. Conclusions: We first illustrated the characteristics of the oral microbiome of patients with CKD, identified the potential of oral microbial makers as noninvasive tools for the diagnosis of CKD and achieved cross-region validation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Lähteenmäki H, Pätilä T, Räisänen IT, Kankuri E, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T. Repeated Home-Applied Dual-Light Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy Can Reduce Plaque Burden, Inflammation, and aMMP-8 in Peri-Implant Disease—A Pilot Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1273-1283. [PMID: 35723308 PMCID: PMC8947626 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Until now, in clinical dentistry, antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been restricted to in-office treatments, which hampers repeated applications. This pilot study tested the benefit of a commercially available Lumoral® device designed for regular periodontal dual-light aPDT treatment at home. Seven patients with peri-implant disease applied dual-light aPDT daily in addition to their normal dental hygiene for four weeks. A single Lumoral® treatment includes an indocyanine green mouth rinse followed by 40 J/cm2 radiant exposure to a combination of 810 nm and 405 nm light. A point-of-care analysis of active-matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP-8), visible plaque index (VPI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and peri-implant pocket depth (PPD) measurements was performed on day 0, day 15, and day 30. Reductions in aMMP-8 (p = 0.047), VPI (p = 0.03), and BOP (p = 0.03) were observed, and PPD was measured as being 1 mm lower in the implant (p = ns). These results suggest a benefit of regular application of dual-light aPDT in peri-implantitis. Frequently repeated application can be a promising approach to diminishing the microbial burden and to lowering the tissue destructive proteolytic and inflammatory load around dental implants. Further studies in larger populations are warranted to show the long-term benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lähteenmäki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00280 Helsinki, Finland; (I.T.R.); (T.T.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-50-3248433
| | - Tommi Pätilä
- Department of Pediatric Heart Surgery and Organ Transplantation, New Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University, 00100 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Ismo T. Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00280 Helsinki, Finland; (I.T.R.); (T.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Helsinki University, 00100 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00280 Helsinki, Finland; (I.T.R.); (T.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00280 Helsinki, Finland; (I.T.R.); (T.T.); (T.S.)
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Salivary Enzymatic Activity and Carious Experience in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9030343. [PMID: 35327715 PMCID: PMC8947358 DOI: 10.3390/children9030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Salivary biomolecules are considered important modulators of the oral microflora, with a potential subsequent impact on dental health. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between salivary enzymatic activity and carious experience in children. The carious experience of a sample of 22 school children was evaluated by calculating dmf/DMF indices, following WHO recommendations. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected, and salivary alpha-amylase levels, total protease activity, and matrix metalloproteinase levels (MMP-8 and MMP-9) were measured. The data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric tests. Our findings revealed no significant relationship between the investigated salivary parameters and the carious experience in permanent teeth (DMFT/DMFS scores). Carious indices scores for primary teeth (dmft and dmfs) were positively associated with MMP-8 levels (r = 0.62, p = 0.004 and rs = 0.61, p = 0.006, respectively) and MMP-9 levels (r = 0.45, p = 0.05 and rs = 0.48, p = 0.039, respectively) and negatively associated with alpha-amylase levels (rs = −0.54, p = 0.017 and rs = −0.59, p = 0.006, respectively). Although with a marginal significance, PEK−054 levels positively correlated with dental caries, while for PFU−089, a negative correlation was observed. These results suggest that salivary alpha-amylase and MMP-8 and MMP-9 levels may be considered potential indicators of carious experience in children. Further studies with a prospective design are needed in order to elucidate the role of these biomolecules in caries development.
Collapse
|
30
|
Ustriyana P, Hennefarth MR, Srirangapatanam S, Jung H, Wang Y, Chen L, Lue TF, Lin G, Kang M, Stoller ML, Ho SP. Mineralized Peyronie's plaque has a phenotypic resemblance to bone. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:457-466. [PMID: 34818578 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mineralized Peyronie's plaque (MPP) impairs penile function. The association, colocalization, and dynamic interplay between organic and inorganic constituents can provide insights into biomineralization of Peyronie's plaque. Human MPPs (n = 11) were surgically excised, and the organic and inorganic constituents were spatially mapped using multiple high-resolution imaging techniques. Multiscale image analyses resulted in spatial colocalization of elements within a highly porous material with heterogenous composition, lamellae, and osteocytic lacuna-like features with a morphological resemblance to bone. The lower (520 ± 179 mg/cc) and higher (1024 ± 155 mg/cc) mineral density regions were associated with higher (11%) and lower (7%) porosities in MPP. Energy dispersive X-ray and micro-X-ray fluorescent spectroscopic maps in the higher mineral density regions of MPP revealed higher counts of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), and a Ca/P ratio of 1.48 ± 0.06 similar to bone. More importantly, higher counts of zinc (Zn) were localized at the interface between softer (more organic to inorganic ratio) and harder (less organic to inorganic ratio) tissue regions of MPP and adjacent softer matrix, indicating the involvement of Zn-related proteins and/or pathways in the formation of MPP. In particular, dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) was colocalized in a matrix rich in proteoglycans and collagen that contained osteocytic lacuna-like features. This combined materials science and biochemical with correlative microspectroscopic approach provided insights into the plausible cellular and biochemical pathways that incite mineralization of an existing fibrous Peyronie's plaque. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Aberrant human penile mineralization is known as mineralized Peyronie's plaque (MPP) and often results in a loss of form and function. This study focuses on investigating the spatial association of matrix proteins and elemental composition of MPP by colocalizing calcium, phosphorus, and trace metal zinc with dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1), acidic proteoglycans, and fibrillar collagen along with the cellular components using high resolution correlative microspectroscopy techniques. Spatial maps provided insights into cellular and biochemical pathways that incite mineralization of fibrous Peyronie's plaque in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Putu Ustriyana
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Matthew R Hennefarth
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sudarshan Srirangapatanam
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Haeyoon Jung
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ling Chen
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tom F Lue
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Guiting Lin
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Misun Kang
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marshall L Stoller
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Sunita P Ho
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Maity MB, Dutta B, Rahaman A, Sahu N, Mandal DP, Bhattacharjee S, Sinha C. Double advantages of Benzimidazolyl‑hydroxy-coumarinyl diad - “turn-on” sensing of Al3+ and preventing metastasis in cancer. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
32
|
Grigoriadis A, Räisänen IT, Pärnänen P, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Sakellari D. Is There a Link between COVID-19 and Periodontal Disease? A Narrative Review. Eur J Dent 2022; 16:514-520. [PMID: 34991165 PMCID: PMC9507582 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic greatly affected human well-being, social behavior, global economy, and healthcare systems. Everyday clinical practice in dentistry has been adjusted to the increased hazards of aerosol production by routine dental procedures. The objective of this study was to assess the existing literature to determine possible mechanisms of a relationship between COVID-19 and periodontitis, as well as describe findings from relevant epidemiological studies. Scarce data exist in the literature that directly addresses the relationship between the two diseases. However, several data describe the role of the oral cavity and periodontal tissues as portals of entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the contribution of cytokines known to be produced in periodontal disease to severe forms of COVID-19. It is also suggested from the current literature that periodontal disease, shown to be associated with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, shares common risk factors with—especially—severe forms of COVID-19. Further clinical studies are required to establish the relationship between these diseases. Oral hygiene performance and intact periodontal tissues can assist in mitigating the pandemic, and it is suggested that dental practitioners can contribute to identifying at-risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Grigoriadis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Periodontology, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ismo T Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitra Sakellari
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sansores-España LD, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Olivares-Sagredo K, Cafferata EA, Martínez-Aguilar VM, Vernal R, Paula-Lima AC, Díaz-Zúñiga J. Oral-Gut-Brain Axis in Experimental Models of Periodontitis: Associating Gut Dysbiosis With Neurodegenerative Diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:781582. [PMID: 35822001 PMCID: PMC9261337 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.781582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is considered a non-communicable chronic disease caused by a dysbiotic microbiota, which generates a low-grade systemic inflammation that chronically damages the organism. Several studies have associated periodontitis with other chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, the oral bacteria considered a keystone pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, has been detected in the hippocampus and brain cortex. Likewise, gut microbiota dysbiosis triggers a low-grade systemic inflammation, which also favors the risk for both cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the existence of an axis of Oral-Gut communication has been proposed, whose possible involvement in the development of neurodegenerative diseases has not been uncovered yet. The present review aims to compile evidence that the dysbiosis of the oral microbiota triggers changes in the gut microbiota, which creates a higher predisposition for the development of neuroinflammatory or neurodegenerative diseases.The Oral-Gut-Brain axis could be defined based on anatomical communications, where the mouth and the intestine are in constant communication. The oral-brain axis is mainly established from the trigeminal nerve and the gut-brain axis from the vagus nerve. The oral-gut communication is defined from an anatomical relation and the constant swallowing of oral bacteria. The gut-brain communication is more complex and due to bacteria-cells, immune and nervous system interactions. Thus, the gut-brain and oral-brain axis are in a bi-directional relationship. Through the qualitative analysis of the selected papers, we conclude that experimental periodontitis could produce both neurodegenerative pathologies and intestinal dysbiosis, and that periodontitis is likely to induce both conditions simultaneously. The severity of the neurodegenerative disease could depend, at least in part, on the effects of periodontitis in the gut microbiota, which could strengthen the immune response and create an injurious inflammatory and dysbiotic cycle. Thus, dementias would have their onset in dysbiotic phenomena that affect the oral cavity or the intestine. The selected studies allow us to speculate that oral-gut-brain communication exists, and bacteria probably get to the brain via trigeminal and vagus nerves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Daniel Sansores-España
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | | | | | - Emilio A. Cafferata
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica Del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Cristina Paula-Lima
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
- *Correspondence: Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga, ,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Origin of MMP-8 and Lactoferrin levels from gingival crevicular fluid, salivary glands and whole saliva. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:385. [PMID: 34353321 PMCID: PMC8340507 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathologically elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and Lactoferrin in oral fluids have been associated with the presence of gingivitis/periodontitis. This study aimed to assess the origin of MMP-8 and Lactoferrin in periodontitis patients and to identify the degree to which conventional clinical parameters correlate with their presence. Methods A total of ten periodontitis and ten healthy patients were included in this study. Whole saliva (stimulated and unstimulated), parotid/sublingual glandular fluid and gingival crevicular fluid from pockets and sulci were tested for MMP-8 and Lactoferrin and protein concentrations were quantified using an ELISA assay. Clinical parameters were checked for potential associations with MMP-8 and Lactoferrin levels. Results Periodontal patients presented higher concentrations of MMP-8 and Lactoferrin in pockets than other sources (P = 0.03). Lactoferrin measurement was higher in the parotid compared to sublingual glandular fluid in periodontitis patients (P = 0.03). Increased probing pocket depth was positively correlated with high MMP-8 and Lactoferrin levels. Conclusions Periodontal pockets appear to be the major source of active matrix metalloproteinase and Lactoferrin, which also may also enter the oral cavity through the salivary glands. Since clinically healthy sites in periodontitis patients also had elevated biomarker levels, gingival crevicular fluid biomarker testing may be more predictive of future tissue breakdown than conventional clinical parameters.
Collapse
|
35
|
Katsiki P, Nazmi K, Loos BG, Laine ML, Schaap K, Hepdenizli E, Bikker FJ, Brand HS, Veerman ECI, Nicu EA. Comparing periodontitis biomarkers in saliva, oral rinse and gingival crevicular fluid: A pilot study. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1250-1259. [PMID: 33998029 PMCID: PMC8453974 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the feasibility of screening for periodontitis by measuring biomarkers, namely total proteolytic activity (TPA), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, chitinase, lysozyme or their combination, in saliva, oral rinse and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). MATERIAL AND METHODS Subjects were recruited among healthy/gingivitis individuals and untreated periodontitis patients in Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA). All participants donated samples of unstimulated whole saliva, oral rinse and GCF. The protein concentrations and MMP-8 levels were determined by ELISA. Enzymatic activities were measured using appropriate fluorogenic substrates. RESULTS In oral rinse samples, periodontitis patients (n = 19) exhibited significantly higher concentrations of MMP-8 and TPA than controls (n = 20). MMP-8 in combination with chitinase explained 88% of the variance and assigned a subject to control or periodontitis group, with best accuracy (87.2%) in oral rinse. CONCLUSIONS The combination of MMP-8 and chitinase in the current oral rinse procedure has the potential to discriminate periodontitis from periodontal health/gingivitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Katsiki
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno G Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja L Laine
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Schaap
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esen Hepdenizli
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk S Brand
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Enno C I Veerman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena A Nicu
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oprisdent, Sibiu, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nędzi-Góra M, Górska R, Górski B. The utility of gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8 provides site-specific diagnostic value for periodontal grading. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:236-243. [PMID: 34764793 PMCID: PMC8568025 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.107031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and its active form aMMP-8, was identified as a potential biomarker of periodontal tissue destruction. It is present at different concentrations in various oral fluids. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from periodontal pockets ≥ 6 mm of 24 untreated patients using paper points and clinical parameters were recorded. 12 subjects were diagnosed with periodontitis stage III grade B, and 12 others with periodontitis stage III grade C. After thorough preparations, samples were collected following manufacturers' instructions and analyzed using a commercially available test system for aMMP-8 evaluation (aMMP-8 Test) and Periotron 8000 together with Quantikine kits for assessment of total MMP-8 concentration (controls). Microbiological evaluation of the same pockets was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Concentrations of both total MMP-8 and aMMP-8 in GCF were higher in the case of periodontitis grade C, compared to periodontitis grade B, but reached statistical significance only in the case of total MMP-8 (77.17 ng/ml and 18.73 ng/ml respectively; p = 0.0104). Positive correlations were found between total MMP-8 and aMMP-8 levels and the prevalence of Fusobacterium nucleatum, mean probing pocket depth of all pockets, % of pockets ≥ 6 mm, as well as probing pocket depth of pocket from which GCF samples were collected. CONCLUSIONS GCF concentration levels of both total MMP-8 and aMMP-8 correlated with severity of periodontal destruction, whereas total MMP-8 appeared to be a preferable method for differentiation of periodontal grading. However, the aMMP-8 Test was easier and more convenient to handle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Górska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Górski
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- The Chair and Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Taalab MR, Mahmoud SA, Moslemany RME, Abdelaziz DM. Intrapocket application of tea tree oil gel in the treatment of stage 2 periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:239. [PMID: 33952216 PMCID: PMC8101226 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gold standard in treatment of periodontitis is mechanical removing of dental biofilm but using local delivery drugs as adjunctive to SRP is widely used to modulate inflammatory host and eradicate microbes. Tea tree oil (TTO) has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant effect. This study aimed to assess clinically and biochemically the effect of intrapocket application of TTO (Melaleuca alternifolia) gel adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of stage 2 (moderate) periodontitis and to correlate the biochemical levels with clinical response. Methods A randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted on thirty patients with stage 2 periodontitis. Patients were equally divided into two groups: Control Group treated with (SRP) alone and Test Group treated with SRP and locally delivered 5% TTO gel. Clinical assessment included pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) measured at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. The level of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was also assessed at baseline and after1, 3 and 6 months by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Chi-square, Student t- tests, Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman correlation were the statistical tests used in the study. Results An improvement of all clinical and biochemical parameters was observed (at p < 0.001) in both groups. A significant difference between the two groups was found in both clinical and biochemical parameters. Conclusion The local delivery of TTO gel adjunctive to SRP proved to be effective in the treatment of stage II periodontitis. Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT04769271, on 24/2/2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha R Taalab
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St. Azarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
| | - Sabah Abdelhady Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Riham M El Moslemany
- Department of Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dania M Abdelaziz
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St. Azarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Paken G, Çömlekoğlu ME, Sonugelen M. Detection of the hybrid layer biodegradation initiation factor with a scanning electron microscope. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2166-2175. [PMID: 33931911 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the origin of initiation of hybrid layer biodegradation. Ninety caries-free human third molars were divided into three surface groups: enamel, dentin, and NaOCl-treated dentin. (n = 30/group) Each group was divided into three subgroups (n = 10/group) of luting resin materials with etch-and-rinse; self-etch and self-adhesive systems. Resin composite blocks and sticks were fabricated and adhered onto dentin and enamel surfaces. The bond strength values were evaluated with micro shear test and statistical analysis were made. On the other hand, teeth were sectioned with a slow-speed saw into multiple beams. After thermocycling, samples were kept in 50% silver nitrate solution. Samples were analyzed with SEM in back-scattered mode. According to the micro-shear bond tests, higher bond strength values were observed in etch-and-rinse system. Bond strength values in self-adhesive and etch-and-rinse groups were significantly higher than self-etch groups in dentin surface and dentin surface treatment with NaOCl. Back-scattered scanning electron microscope results showed that, different degradation mechanism was observed. The present study indicates that, due to the acid etching in dentin, collagen biodegradation was observed within the hybrid layer. On the enamel surfaces, resin degradation was related with resin monomers in adhesive systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Paken
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Sonugelen
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Patlolla VGR, Popovic N, Peter Holbrook W, Kristmundsdottir T, Gizurarson S. Effect of Doxycycline Microencapsulation on Buccal Films: Stability, Mucoadhesion and In Vitro Drug Release. Gels 2021; 7:gels7020051. [PMID: 33924744 PMCID: PMC8167737 DOI: 10.3390/gels7020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to stabilize doxycycline in mucoadhesive buccal films at room temperature (25 °C). Since doxycycline is susceptible to degradation such as oxidation and epimerization, tablets are currently the only formulation that can keep the drug fully stable at room temperature, while liquid formulations are limited to refrigerated conditions (4 °C). In this study, the aim was to make formulations containing subclinical (antibiotic) doxycycline concentration that can act as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPI) and can be stored at temperatures such as 25 °C. Here, doxycycline was complexed with excipients using three techniques and entrapped into microparticles that were stored at 4 °C, 25 °C and 40 °C. Effect of addition of precomplexed doxycycline microparticles on films: stability mucoadhesion capacity, tensile strength, swelling index and in vitro release was studied. The complexation efficiency between drug-excipients, microparticles and films was studied using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Two of the films were found to be stable at 4 °C but the film containing microparticle composed of precomplexed doxycycline with β-cyclodextrin, MgCl2, sodium thiosulfate, HPMC and Eudragit® RS 12.5 was found to be stable at 25 °C until 26 weeks. The addition of microparticles to the films was found to reduce the mucoadhesive capacity, peak detachment force, tensile strength and elasticity, but improved the stability at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venu Gopal Reddy Patlolla
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland; (V.G.R.P.); (N.P.); (T.K.)
- Faculty of Odontology, University of Iceland, Vatnsmýrarveg 16, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland;
| | - Nikolina Popovic
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland; (V.G.R.P.); (N.P.); (T.K.)
- Costco Pharmacy, Kauptúni 3, 210 Garðabær, Iceland
| | | | - Thordis Kristmundsdottir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland; (V.G.R.P.); (N.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Sveinbjörn Gizurarson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland; (V.G.R.P.); (N.P.); (T.K.)
- Pharmacy Department, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre 3, Malawi
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Basso FG, Cardoso LM, Ribeiro IM, Rizzi E, Pansani TN, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Influence of bisphosphonates on oral implantology: Sodium alendronate and zoledronic acid enhance the synthesis and activity of matrix metalloproteinases by gingival fibroblasts seeded on titanium. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 127:105134. [PMID: 33962330 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the influence of the bisphosphonates zoledronic acid and sodium alendronate on MMP-2 and MMP-9 synthesis and activity by gingival fibroblasts seeded onto titanium substrate. DESIGN Titanium discs were placed in 24-well cell culture plates and gingival fibroblasts were seeded (1 × 105 cells/discs) on them using Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) + 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 24 h. After this period, a fresh serum-free DMEM containing zoledronic acid or sodium alendronate at 0.5 μM, 1 μM or 5 μM was applied on the cells for an additional of 24 h. Serum-free DMEM and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. MMP-2 and MMP-9 synthesis and activity were determined by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and conventional/in situ zymography. Quantitative data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). The in situ zymography data were qualitatively described. RESULTS Despite both bisphosphonates increased the MMPs synthesis, this effect was significant higher in zoledronic acid groups. MMPs activity resembled by gelatinolytic activity was also enhanced by sodium alendronate and zoledronic acid in a similar pattern. CONCLUSIONS Zoledronic acid and sodium alendronate increased in a dose-dependent manner MMP-2 and MMP-9 synthesis by gingival fibroblasts seeded on titanium. MMP-2 activity was up-regulated by zoledronic acid treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laís Medeiros Cardoso
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ellen Rizzi
- Department of Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto University (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Taisa Nogueira Pansani
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Morphology and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tayman MA, Koyuncu İ, Köklü NÖ. Expression Levels of A Disintegrin-like Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs-4 and -5 (ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5) in Inflamed and Healthy Gingival Tissues. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 23:168-176. [PMID: 32067610 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200218113000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADAMTS (A disintegrin-like metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) is a group of 19 zinc-dependent metalloproteases known to function in many pathological and physiological processes, such as adhesion, cell fusion, signaling, proteolysis and ECM degradation. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to demonstrate the levels of ADAMTS-4 and -5 in gingival tissues with Stage III-Grade B generalized periodontitis (SIII-GB), Stage III-Grade C generalized periodontitis (SIII-GC) and healthy-control (C) groups. METHODS The clinical measurements were recorded for each patient. A total of 63 gingival biopsy specimens were obtained from the C (n:20), SIII-GB (n:23) and SIII-GC (n:20) groups. Polymerase chain reaction (Rt-PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) examinations were used to determine gene and protein levels. RESULTS According to the results of all methods, ADAMTS-4 and -5 expressions existed in periodontitis and C groups (P> 0.05). Immunostaining for ADAMTS-4 was found to be higher in patients with periodontitis than for ADAMTS-5 (P>0.05). Gene expression levels for ADAMTS-4 and -5 seemed to be up-regulated in subjects diagnosed with periodontitis, but the results were not statistically significant (P>0.05). A positive correlation was observed between PPD and ADAMTS-4 mRNA in SIII-GC (p=0.035) and SIII-GB (p=0.015). A positive correlation was determined between ADAMTS-4 mRNA and ADAMTS-5 mRNA in SIII-GC (p=0.037) and SIII-GB (p=0.00). CONCLUSION ADAMTS expression may take part in both pathological and physiological processes in the periodontal tissues, and periodontal destruction may be the result of a complex interaction of several pathways with many participants, such as ADAMTS-4 and -5, thus facilitating the exaggeration of periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmure A Tayman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İsmail Koyuncu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Nimet Ö Köklü
- Department of Pathology, Zekai Tahir Burak, Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim HD, Lee CS, Cho HJ, Jeon S, Choi YN, Kim S, Kim D, Jin Lee H, Vu H, Jeong HJ, Kim B. Diagnostic ability of salivary matrix metalloproteinase-9 lateral flow test point-of-care test for periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 47:1354-1361. [PMID: 32841379 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the diagnostic ability of salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 lateral flow test (LFT) point-of-care (POC) kit and develop an algorithm for diagnosis of periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through Seoul National Dental Hospital, 137 participants (46 LFT negatives, 91 LFT positives) were recruited. For salivary diagnostics, 150 μl of the unstimulated saliva was applied to LFT-POC kit. To make a diagnosis of periodontitis, stage II-IV in modified new international classification system was used. Covariates encompassing age, sex, smoking and obesity were evaluated through face-to-face interview. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for quantification of salivary MMP-9. To develop a diagnostic algorithm, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used. Receiver operating characteristic curve was applied for evaluating diagnostic ability. RESULTS Diagnostic ability of salivary MMP-9 LFT-POC test was 0.82 (sensitivity of 0.92, specificity of 0.72) in total participants. Diagnostic algorithm using POC test resulted in a response equation, that is algorithm score = -3.675 + 2.877*LFT + 0.034*age + 0.121*sex + 0.372*smoking + 0.192*obesity. Diagnostic ability of the algorithm was 0.88 (sensitivity of 0.92, specificity of 0.85) with cut-off score of 0.589. CONCLUSIONS Salivary MMP-9 LFT-POC kit showed appropriate diagnostic ability for periodontitis and would be an efficient tool for screening of periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Duck Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Cho
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sumin Jeon
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Oral Biology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Nim Choi
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Oral Biology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - SungTae Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - DanHee Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Lee
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Huong Vu
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Jeong
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, HongIk University, Sejong-Si, Korea
| | - ByungGee Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
The Potential of Raman Spectroscopy in the Diagnosis of Dysplastic and Malignant Oral Lesions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040619. [PMID: 33557195 PMCID: PMC7913942 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Raman spectroscopy, a light scattering technique that provides the biochemical fingerprint of a sample, was used on samples taken from patients with cancer and precancerous lesions. This information was then used to build a classifier to identify cancer and the precancerous phases. The ability to distinguish cancerous tissue from normal and precancerous tissue is diagnostically crucial as it can alter the patients’ prognosis and management. Moreover, as cellular changes are often present at the tumour margin, the ability to distinguish these changes from cancer can help in preserving more of the tissue and maintaining aesthetics and functionality for the patient. Abstract Early diagnosis, treatment and/or surveillance of oral premalignant lesions are important in preventing progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The current gold standard is through histopathological diagnosis, which is limited by inter- and intra-observer errors and sampling errors. The objective of this work was to use Raman spectroscopy to discriminate between benign, mild, moderate and severe dysplasia and OSCC in formalin fixed paraffin preserved (FFPP) tissues. The study included 72 different pathologies from which 17 were benign lesions, 20 mildly dysplastic, 20 moderately dysplastic, 10 severely dysplastic and 5 invasive OSCC. The glass substrate and paraffin wax background were digitally removed and PLSDA with LOPO cross-validation was used to differentiate the pathologies. OSCC could be differentiated from the other pathologies with an accuracy of 70%, while the accuracy of the classifier for benign, moderate and severe dysplasia was ~60%. The accuracy of the classifier was lowest for mild dysplasia (~46%). The main discriminating features were increased nucleic acid contributions and decreased protein and lipid contributions in the epithelium and decreased collagen contributions in the connective tissue. Smoking and the presence of inflammation were found to significantly influence the Raman classification with respective accuracies of 76% and 94%.
Collapse
|
44
|
Using Salivary MMP-9 to Successfully Quantify Periodontal Inflammation during Orthodontic Treatment. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030379. [PMID: 33498206 PMCID: PMC7863927 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common immune-mediated inflammatory conditions resulting in progressive destruction of periodontium. Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), an enzyme that is involved in the degradation of gelatin and collagen and present in the gingival crevicular fluid, is markedly increased in periodontitis. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of periodontal treatment either alone or in combination with orthodontic treatment on MMP-9 levels. In this study, 60 individuals were subjected to periodontal treatment (PD) or periodontal treatment combined with orthodontic treatment (POD). Both periodontal and periodontal plus orthodontic treatments significantly improved clinical parameters and lowered MMP-9 levels compared to control group. However, the combination of periodontal with orthodontic treatment further improved clinical parameters and enhanced the lowering effect on MMP-9 levels compared to periodontal or control groups alone. Finally, the degree of malocclusion significantly affected the effect of the treatment on MPP-9 levels with PD treatment having the most pronounced effect. We concluded that salivary MMP-9 can serve to accurately predict the level of inflammation in affected periodontal tissues during orthodontic treatment that is also associated with the type of malocclusion, making it a viable diagnosis tool in monitoring the progression of the periodontium during orthodontic treatment.
Collapse
|
45
|
Nakagawa M, Shirasugi M, Yamamoto T, Nakaya T, Kanamura N. Long-term exposure to butyric acid induces excessive production of matrix metalloproteases in human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 123:105035. [PMID: 33485112 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.105035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between bacteria-induced butyric acid and periodontal disease progression. DESIGN Normal human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to butyric acid (0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 mM) adjusted to a pH of 7.2-7.4 using sodium hydroxide for 0-96 h and cell viability was evaluated. In addition, the effects of butyric acid on the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in gingival fibroblasts were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, western blotting, and stromelysin zymography. RESULTS Butyric acid reduced the viability of gingival fibroblasts in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, butyric acid promoted production of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-10 in gingival fibroblasts and suppressed TIMP-2 protein production. CONCLUSIONS Butyric acid promoted overproduction of MMPs, resulting in a disruption of the balance between MMPs and TIMPs expression in gingival fibroblasts. Our study suggests that the butyric acid produced by causative bacteria stimulates excessive MMP expression in periodontal tissue, leading to destruction of the tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Nakagawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Shirasugi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Mitsubishi Kyoto Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nawrot-Hadzik I, Matkowski A, Kubasiewicz-Ross P, Hadzik J. Proanthocyanidins and Flavan-3-ols in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis-Immunomodulatory Effects, Animal and Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010239. [PMID: 33467650 PMCID: PMC7830097 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper continues the systematic review on proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease and covers the immunomodulatory effects, and animal- and clinical studies, while the other part discussed the direct antibacterial properties. Inflammation as a major response of the periodontal tissues attacked by pathogenic microbes can significantly exacerbate the condition. However, the bidirectional activity of phytochemicals that simultaneously inhibit bacterial proliferation and proinflammatory signaling can provide a substantial alleviation of both cause and symptoms. The modulatory effects on various aspects of inflammatory and overall immune response are covered, including confirmed and postulated mechanisms of action, structure activity relationships and molecular targets. Further, the clinical relevance of flavan-3-ols and available outcomes from clinical studies is analyzed and discussed. Among the numerous natural sources of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins the most promising are, similarly to antibacterial properties, constituents of various foods, such as fruits of Vaccinium species, tea leaves, grape seeds, and tannin-rich medicinal herbs. Despite a vast amount of in vitro and cell-based evidence of immunomodulatory there are still only a few animal and clinical studies. Most of the reports, regardless of the used model, indicated the efficiency of these phytochemicals from cranberries and other Vaccinium species and tea extracts (green or black). Other sources such as grape seeds and traditional medicinal plants, were seldom. In conclusion, the potential of flavan-3-ols and their derivatives in prevention and alleviation of periodontal disease is remarkable but clinical evidence is urgently needed for issuing credible dietary recommendation and complementary treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Nawrot-Hadzik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, 50556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, 50556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Paweł Kubasiewicz-Ross
- Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50425 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.-R.); (J.H.)
| | - Jakub Hadzik
- Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50425 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.-R.); (J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ho J, Camilli G, Griffiths JS, Richardson JP, Kichik N, Naglik JR. Candida albicans and candidalysin in inflammatory disorders and cancer. Immunology 2021; 162:11-16. [PMID: 32880925 PMCID: PMC7730014 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As our understanding of mycology progresses, the impact of fungal microbes on human health has become increasingly evident. Candida albicans is a common commensal fungus that gives rise to local and systemic infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients where it can result in mortality. However, C. albicans has also been quietly linked with a variety of inflammatory disorders, to which it has traditionally been considered incidental; recent studies may now provide new aspects of these relationships for further consideration. This review provides a novel perspective on the impact of C. albicans and its peptide toxin, candidalysin, on human health, exploring their contributions to pathology within a variety of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Ho
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Giorgio Camilli
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - James S. Griffiths
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jonathan P. Richardson
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nessim Kichik
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Julian R. Naglik
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Galo R, Marinho M, Silva Telles PD, Borsatto M. Shear bond strength of the adhesive/dentin interface after different etching protocols. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:393-398. [PMID: 35282582 PMCID: PMC8896130 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_223_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aim: Materials and Methods: Results: Conclusion:
Collapse
|
49
|
Bhandari S, Kondody R, Nair A, Mathew R, Divakar KP, Nambiar M. Evaluation of Aloe vera as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor in human dentin with and without dentin-bonding agent: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:491-495. [PMID: 35399770 PMCID: PMC8989161 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_474_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Proper hybrid layer formation lays the foundation of resin–dentin bonding. The resin infiltration in demineralized dentin collagen couples with the adhesive/resin composites in the mineralized dentin surface. However, the activation of enzymatic activity in the collagen matrix can degrade the hybrid layer. Over the time, it leads to reduced bond strength. Mainly, the enzymes involved are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which are involved in degrading most of the extracellular matrix components. Aloe vera is an herb with an anti-inflammatory effect, but its role in human dentin as an enzyme inhibitor has not been verified yet. Aims: The purpose of the study was designed for evaluating the inhibitory action of Aloe vera on MMP in human dentin with and without dentin bonding agents. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 freshly extracted healthy human teeth were collected and stored at 4°C until use. The roots were separated. The enamel and remnant pulp tissue were removed, and collected teeth were pulverized with liquid nitrogen in the minimum volume of 50-mM phosphate buffer to obtain dentin powder extract. The dentin powder extract is the source of MMPs, and therefore, the extract was treated with A. vera solution and incubated to assess the enzyme inhibition by the plate assay method and zymographic analysis. Results: A. vera treated sample with and without dentin bonding agent showed inhibition of dentin MMP's activity by plate assay method and confirmed by zymogram analysis. Conclusions: A. vera has the potential for inhibiting the MMPs enzyme activity of human dentin collagen with and without dentin bonding agents.
Collapse
|
50
|
Taherkhani A, Moradkhani S, Orangi A, Jalalvand A, Khamverdi Z. Molecular docking study of flavonoid compounds for possible matrix metalloproteinase-13 inhibition. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:1105-1119. [PMID: 34898135 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) has been reported to be involved in different biological processes such as degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, activating or degrading some significant regulatory proteins, wound healing, tissue remodeling, cartilage degradation, bone development, bone mineralization, ossification, cell migration, and tumor cell invasion. Further, MMP-13 participates in many oral diseases such as tooth decay, gingivitis, and degradation of enamel and tissue around the implant. In addition, inhibition of MMP-13 has shown therapeutic properties for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We performed molecular docking to assess the binding affinity of 29 flavonoid compounds with the MMP-13. Additionally, pharmacokinetic and toxicity characteristics of the top-ranked flavonoids were studied. The current study also intended to identify the most important amino acids involved in the inhibition of MMP-13 based on topological feature (degree) in the ligand-amino acid network for MMP-13. METHODS Molecular docking and network analysis were studied using AutoDock and Cytoscape software, respectively. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity characteristics of compounds were predicted using bioinformatics web tools. RESULTS The results revealed that nine of the studied flavonoids had considerable estimated free energy of binding and inhibition constant: Rutin, nicotiflorin, orientin, vitexin, apigenin-7-glucoside, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin-3-rhamnoside, and vicenin-2. Proline-242 was found to be the most important amino acid inhibiting the enzyme. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study may be helpful in the prevention and therapeutic procedures of many disorders such as cancer, tooth caries, and AD. Nevertheless, validation tests are required in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shirin Moradkhani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Athena Orangi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Jalalvand
- Department of Influenza and other respiratory viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Khamverdi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|