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Birant S, Veznikli M, Kasimoglu Y, Koruyucu M, Evren AA, Seymen F. Path Analysis of the Relationships between the Eruption Time of the First Primary Teeth and Various Factors in Twins. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10040683. [PMID: 37189932 DOI: 10.3390/children10040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The timing of primary tooth eruption is critical for children's health planning and the diagnosis of specific growth disorders. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between twin pairs' birth weight, gestational age, and gender, which are indicators of prenatal factors; breast-feeding duration, which is an indicator of postnatal factors; type of delivery, which is an indicator of maternal as well as genetic factors; and age of the primary tooth. Twin children aged from 3 to 15 years who applied to the clinic for the first dental examination constituted the sample group. In this twin study, 59 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs and 143 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs were included. Genetic (MZ vs. DZ), maternal (type of delivery, gestational age), perinatal (birth weight, gender), and postnatal (duration of breastfeeding) information was obtained, and effects on the children's Eruption Timing of the First Primary Tooth (ETFPT) were examined. Statistical analysis was performed using the consistent partial least squares structural equation model (robust PLSc) technique. As birth weight increased, the age at first eruption became younger, but this change was different between MZ and DZ twins (p < 0.05). While the age at first tooth eruption was older in identical twins who were breastfed for the first 6 months, this increase was not observed in DZ twins. The mean of ETFPT was calculated as 7.31 months in MZ twins and 6.75 months in DZ twins. The effect of breastfeeding and birth weight on ETFPT may differ according to zygosity in twins. MZ twins may tend to take longer to experience the eruption of their first primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Birant
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Mert Veznikli
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey
| | - Yelda Kasimoglu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey
| | - Mine Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey
| | - Atıf Ahmet Evren
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University, Istanbul 34218, Turkey
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An Assessment of Mineral Concentration of Dental Enamel Neighbouring Hypothetical Orthodontic Brackets Using X-ray Microtomography. J Dent 2022; 126:104306. [PMID: 36162638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Differences in the mineral concentration (MC) level of dental enamel may represent a precursor of white spot lesions adjacent to fixed orthodontic brackets. The aim of the current in vitro study was to compare the MC level central, occlusal and cervical to orthodontic attachments. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 16 enamel blocks were obtained from sound human premolar samples extracted for orthodontic reasons. The buccal portion of the dental enamel blocks was divided into central, occlusal, and cervical regions and then imaged and measured to calculate the level of MC using quantitative X-ray microtomography methods (XMT) at each site. RESULTS There was a substantial variation in the mineral concentration with the lowest level being detected in the cervical region when compared with other regions. The MC of the gingival zone was significantly lower than that of the middle zone (P<0.05) and was insignificantly lower than that of the occlusal zone. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the current study, it can be concluded that the cervical region of the permanent enamel had the lowest mineral concentration using XMT. The cervical region may therefore be more vulnerable to the development of white spot lesions (WSLs) adjacent to a fixed orthodontic appliance during orthodontic treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Using X-ray microtomography lower mineral concentration in the cervical region of the enamel was observed. This may make these areas particularly susceptible to demineralisation during fixed appliance-based orthodontic treatment and may influence the bond strength of fixed orthodontic attachments.
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3
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Castañeda-Sarmiento S, Uchima Koecklin KH, Barahona Hernandez MB, Santos GP, Bruno Luyo JC, Sánchez Sotomayor JC, Ruiz-Yasuda C, Apaza ZR, Adasme DP, Torres Ricse DA, Mendoza Ballena ME, Salcedo A, Ramirez-Sotelo LR, Blanco-Victorio DJ, Arieta-Miranda J, Torres-Ramos G. Association between developmental defects of enamel and early childhood caries in children under 6 years old: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10479. [PMID: 36110226 PMCID: PMC9469663 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) are an oral health problem worldwide in children under 6 years of age. This disease of rapid development has a multifactorial etiology, and one of the possible risk factors is developmental defects of enamel (DDE), such as hypoplasia and opacities. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the association between DDE and ECC in children under 6 years of age. An electronic search was conducted until March 2022 using Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Science-Direct, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCO-Host, EMBASE, and Google Scholar and complemented with a manual search, with no restrictions on language or date of publication. Longitudinal studies of children under 6 years of age with primary dentition were included. A total of 1158 studies were found, of which 651 records were reviewed by title and abstract, and 24 articles were selected for full-text evaluation. Finally, nine studies that met the selection criteria were included in the qualitative synthesis. Study quality and certainty were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Three cohort studies of good quality were included in the meta-analysis. A risk associated with DDE (RR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.52–2.49) and a risk associated with enamel hypoplasia (RR = 5.45; 95% CI: 1.84–16.14) were found. The results for diffuse opacity (RR = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.18–8.15) and demarcated opacity (RR = 1.26; 95% CI: 0.43–3.65) were not significant. GRADE analysis presented low and very low certainty of evidence. It was concluded that there is an association between DDE and ECC. However, the results should be interpreted with caution because of the limitations of the study. The protocol for this study has been registered in PROSPERO under identification number CRD42021238919.
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Association of MMP9, MMP13 and MMP20 genes polymorphism with dental caries: A meta-analysis. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Butera A, Maiorani C, Morandini A, Simonini M, Morittu S, Trombini J, Scribante A. Evaluation of Children Caries Risk Factors: A Narrative Review of Nutritional Aspects, Oral Hygiene Habits, and Bacterial Alterations. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9020262. [PMID: 35204983 PMCID: PMC8870668 DOI: 10.3390/children9020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most common diseases—both in adults and children—that occurs due to the demineralization of enamel and dentine by the organic acids formed from bacteria present in dental plaques through anaerobic metabolism of dietary sugars. The aim of this article is to provide a guideline to assess the risk of caries by looking for the main factors involved. Literature research was performed for studies that analyzed the factors most involved in the development of child caries, such as poor oral hygiene, bad eating habits (or food disorders), and an alteration of the oral bacterial flora—with an increase of Streptococci spp., Lactobacilli spp., Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Candida sake. It is therefore essential to assess the risk of caries in children, based on the assessment of risk factors, in order to be able to establish preventive and/or therapeutic approaches that will reduce or stop the development of dental caries. The use of fluoride products, products made from casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, substituted zinc biomimetic hydroxyapatite products, or products containing self-assembling oligopeptide SAP-P11-4 are useful. In terms of the clinical approach, a communicative approach should be added to learn about the eating habits and the oral hygiene habits of the child and parents; in addition, the use of a simple method to frame the factors involved, and subsequently establish the risk of carious lesions in the child, allows the reduction of the DMFT (Decayed Missing Filled Teeth) or ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment System) index on large scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Butera
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Carolina Maiorani
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (C.M.)
| | | | - Manuela Simonini
- “Mamme & Igieniste”, 24125 Bergamo, Italy; (A.M.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (J.T.)
| | - Stefania Morittu
- “Mamme & Igieniste”, 24125 Bergamo, Italy; (A.M.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (J.T.)
| | - Julia Trombini
- “Mamme & Igieniste”, 24125 Bergamo, Italy; (A.M.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (J.T.)
| | - Andrea Scribante
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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Teixeira NM, Carvalho FGD, Abreu MHNGD, Souza-Oliveira AC, Feuser E, Bendo CB, Martins CC. Risk Factors for the Incidence of Dental Caries in Low, Very Low, and Extremely Low Birth Weight Children: A Cohort Study. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2022.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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7
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Vibrational Imaging Techniques for the Characterization of Hard Dental Tissues: From Bench-Top to Chair-Side. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112411953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction, microcomputed tomography, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, are available to study the structural or elemental features of hard dental tissues. In contrast to these approaches, Raman Microspectroscopy (RMS) has the great advantage of simultaneously providing, at the same time and on the same sample, a morpho-chemical correlation between the microscopic information from the visual analysis of the sample and its chemical and macromolecular composition. Hence, RMS represents an innovative and non-invasive technique to study both inorganic and organic teeth components in vitro. The aim of this narrative review is to shed new light on the applicative potential of Raman Microspectroscopy in the dental field. Specific Raman markers representative of sound and pathological hard dental tissues will be discussed, and the future diagnostic application of this technique will be outlined. The objective and detailed information provided by this technique in terms of the structure and chemical/macromolecular components of sound and pathological hard dental tissues could be useful for improving knowledge of several dental pathologies. Scientific articles regarding RMS studies of human hard dental tissues were retrieved from the principal databases by following specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.
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8
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Orilisi G, Monterubbianesi R, Notarstefano V, Tosco V, Vitiello F, Giuliani G, Putignano A, Orsini G. New insights from Raman MicroSpectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy on the microstructure and chemical composition of vestibular and lingual surfaces in permanent and deciduous human teeth. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 260:119966. [PMID: 34052763 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Teeth are characterized by a specific chemical composition and microstructure, which are related to their nature, permanent and deciduous, and to the sides, lingual and vestibular. Deeper knowledge in this topic could be useful in clinical practice to develop new strategies in restorative dentistry and in the choice of materials with the best performances. In this study, Raman MicroSpectroscopy (RMS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS), and Vickers MicroHardness (VMH) were exploited to: (1) identify the microstructure and the chemical/elemental composition of permanent and deciduous human teeth, also characterizing their lingual and vestibular sides, and (2) validate a new multidisciplinary analytical approach, for obtaining multiple information on calcified tissues. All applied techniques evidenced differences between permanent and deciduous teeth both in the lingual and vestibular sides. In particular, scanning electron micrographs identified areas with an irregular appearance in the vestibular and lingual sides, which presented also different VMH values. Moreover, RMS and EDS displayed a different chemical/elemental composition in outer and inner enamel and dentin, in terms of Mineral/Matrix, Crystallinity, Carbonates/phosphates, and concentrations by weight (%) of calcium, phosphorous, carbon, magnesium, and sodium. A good linear correlation was found between RMS spectral profiles and EDS and VMH measurements, suggesting that RMS may be considered a useful and non-destructive diagnostic tool for obtaining multiple information on calcified tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Orilisi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Monterubbianesi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Tosco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Flavia Vitiello
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giampaolo Giuliani
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Angelo Putignano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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9
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Hong CL, Broadbent JM, Thomson WM. Long-Term Survival of Enamel-Defect-Affected Teeth. Caries Res 2020; 54:350-357. [PMID: 33049745 DOI: 10.1159/000510304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been considerable research focussed on the occurrence and aetiology of developmental defects of enamel, but less is known about the extent to which enamel-defect-affected teeth may be at greater risk for dental caries. The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study is a prospective cohort study of 1,037 children born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between April 1, 1972, and March 31, 1973. Participants were examined for the presence of developmental defects of enamel at the age of 9 years and then repeatedly for the occurrence of dental caries through to the age of 45 years. After controlling for confounding variables, incisor teeth affected by demarcated opacities at the age of 9 were 3.4 times more likely to be restored than teeth unaffected by defects. Incisors with diffuse opacities and hypoplasia or combinations of defects were 2.8 times more likely to be restored. Molars with enamel defects of any type did not have any significantly different risk for being subsequently restored or lost due to caries than unaffected molars, except those affected by diffuse opacities, which were at 0.4 times the risk of being lost due to caries. Dental clinicians should be aware that enamel-defect-affected teeth are not necessarily at greater risk for tooth loss due to caries in the long term, but permanent incisors affected by enamel defects are at higher risk of receiving restorative intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen Lin Hong
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand,
| | - Jonathan Mark Broadbent
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - William Murray Thomson
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Soares FC, Dahllöf G, Hjern A, Julihn A. Adverse birth outcomes and the risk of dental caries at age 3 years. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:445-450. [PMID: 31981436 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since birth outcome is associated with maternal and newborn health, it can be a predictor of the future health of the child. AIM To investigate the association between adverse birth outcomes and dental caries. DESIGN The present registry-based cohort study included all children born in 2000-2003, residing in Stockholm County, Sweden and who received a dental examination at the age of 3 years (n = 74 748). National registries supplied data on socioeconomic conditions, maternal health, maternal health behavior, and birth outcomes. Forward stepwise binary logistic regression was performed to determine predictors of caries experience in the 3-year-olds. RESULTS Of the subjects, 6.0% had caries experience (decayed, extracted, and filled teeth [deft] ≥ 1), 5.6% were born preterm (<37 weeks); 2.2% were born small (SGA) and 3.7% large (LGA) for gestational age. Of the studied adverse birth outcomes, only SGA was significantly associated with caries experience at 3 years of age, and only for mothers who had refrained from smoking during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS SGA is associated with caries experience in 3-year-old children; however, this relationship occurs only in mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cunha Soares
- Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Dahllöf
- Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Pediatric Oral Health Research, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway, TKMidt, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Hjern
- Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Julihn
- Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Pediatric Oral Health Research, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Eastman Institute, Public Dental Service, Stockholm, Sweden
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Corrêa-Faria P, Paixão-Gonçalves S, Ramos-Jorge ML, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA. Developmental enamel defects are associated with early childhood caries: Case-control study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:11-17. [PMID: 31464021 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge on the association between developmental enamel defects (DED) and early childhood caries (ECC) has importance for the drafting of prevention measures and oral healthcare planning. AIM To compare the frequency of ECC in children with and without DED and verify their association with sociodemographic factors. DESIGN This case-control study was carried out with Brazilian children aged one to five years. The case group made up of 98 children with ECC and the control group was made up of 98 children without ECC. DED were classified in diffuse opacity, demarcated opacity and enamel hypoplasia (Developmental Defects of Enamel Index). Sociodemographic data were collected by a questionnaire answered by parents. Statistical analysis used McNemar's test and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS In the bivariate analysis, ECC was more frequent among children from families with poorer socioeconomic conditions (lower monthly household income [P ≤ .001] and lower maternal schooling [P = .001]) and among those with DED (P ≤ .001). The final logistical model showed that children with DED (OR: 1.94) and a monthly household income less than two Brazilian minimum salaries (OR: 2.24) were more likely to have ECC. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of DED and lower household income were pre-disposing factors for the occurrence of ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Corrêa-Faria
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Suzane Paixão-Gonçalves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabela Almeida Pordeus
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Effect of biomimetic mineralization on enamel and dentin: A Raman and EDX analysis. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1300-1307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Paixão-Gonçalves S, Corrêa-Faria P, Ferreira FM, Ramos-Jorge ML, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA. Risk of Dental Caries in Primary Teeth with Developmental Defects of Enamel: A Longitudinal Study with a Multilevel Approach. Caries Res 2019; 53:667-674. [PMID: 31291628 DOI: 10.1159/000501029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of dental caries seems to be greater in the presence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE). The aim was to determine whether the presence of DDE in the primary teeth of preschool children increases the risk of dental caries in the primary dentition after a period of approximately 2 years. This study was conducted in two stages: baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1). At T0, examinations were conducted for the diagnosis of enamel defects using the DDE index (FDI, 1992), dental caries, and oral hygiene. The participants were allocated to two groups according to the presence (affected) or absence (unaffected) of DDE. At the second evaluation (T1), examinations were performed for the diagnosis of dental caries. Poisson regression analysis with a multilevel approach was used to determine the association between DDE and dental caries. The two levels of the analysis were tooth and child. Among the 339 children (113 affected and 226 unaffected) examined at baseline (T0), 325 were re-examined at follow-up (T1). According to the multilevel analysis, teeth with enamel hypoplasia had a greater risk of having dental caries (RR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.19-3.33). The risk of caries was greater on posterior teeth (RR: 2.59; 95% CI: 2.18-3.07) and maxillary teeth (RR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.26-1.75) that had DDE at T0. On the child level, dental caries at T1 was associated with having dental caries at T0 (RR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.32-1.46). In conclusion, enamel hypoplasia and previous dental caries are risk factors for carious lesions in the primary dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia Corrêa-Faria
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Morais Ferreira
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabela Almeida Pordeus
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Silva Castro CR, Sousa Cabral MBB, Mota ELA, Cangussu MCT, Vianna MIP. Analysis of the influence of low birth weight on the time of eruption of dental caries in children in early childhood. J Public Health Dent 2019; 79:292-297. [DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo L. A. Mota
- Public Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia‐UFBA Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | | | - Maria I. P. Vianna
- College of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia‐UFBA Salvador Bahia Brazil
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15
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Ruschel HC, Vargas-Ferreira F, Tovo MF, Kramer PF, Feldens CA. Developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth: highly prevalent, unevenly distributed in the oral cavity and not associated with birth weight. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2019; 20:241-248. [PMID: 30888582 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-018-0402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Estimate the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in the primary dentition, describe the distribution among tooth groups and investigate the association with birth weight. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 827 children aged 2-5 years representative of the city of Canela in southern Brazil. Demographic characteristics (gender and age) and birth weight were collected from vaccination cards. The diagnosis of DDE was performed by six trained examiners following the criteria of the Federation Dentaire International. DDE were described both jointly and separately as opacity and hypoplasia. Statistical analysis involved the Chi square test, Mann-Whitney test and Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS The prevalence of DDE was 55.1% (95% CI 51.6-58.5%), with a mean of 3.0 ± 2.2 teeth affected. Opacity was the more frequent defect (50.4%), followed by hypoplasia (15.5%). Distribution of the defects was uneven, with opacity predominant on second molars and hypoplasia predominant on canines and second molars. Children with a low birth weight did not have a greater probability of opacity (PR: 1.13; 95% CI 0.91-1.41), hypoplasia (PR: 1.33; 95% CI 0.80-2.22) or DDE (PR: 1.11; 95% CI 0.91-1.37). CONCLUSION The prevalence of DDE was high, predominant on second molars and not associated with birth weight. These findings indicate directions for future examination/diagnosis protocols and specific orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Ruschel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA)-School of Dentistry, Av. Farroupilha 8001, Building 59, Floor 3, Canoas, RS, 92425-900, Brazil
| | - F Vargas-Ferreira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA)-School of Dentistry, Av. Farroupilha 8001, Building 59, Floor 3, Canoas, RS, 92425-900, Brazil.
| | - M F Tovo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA)-School of Dentistry, Av. Farroupilha 8001, Building 59, Floor 3, Canoas, RS, 92425-900, Brazil
| | - P F Kramer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA)-School of Dentistry, Av. Farroupilha 8001, Building 59, Floor 3, Canoas, RS, 92425-900, Brazil
| | - C A Feldens
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA)-School of Dentistry, Av. Farroupilha 8001, Building 59, Floor 3, Canoas, RS, 92425-900, Brazil
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Onwubu SC, Mdluli PS, Singh S, Nyembe S, Thakur R. An In Situ Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Nano Eggshell/Titanium Dioxide against Erosive Acids. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:4216415. [PMID: 30631360 PMCID: PMC6304922 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4216415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enamel erosion caused by high consumption of acidic drinks poses a significant public health concern. This study was aimed to determine the protective effect of eggshell-titanium dioxide composite (EB@TiO2) against erosive acids on tooth enamel. METHODS Twenty prepared bovine tooth enamel specimens were randomly assigned to 5 sample groups (n=4): (1) unexposed tooth enamel; (2) exposed tooth enamel + HCI; (3) exposed tooth enamel + HCI + Colgate toothpaste; (4) exposed tooth enamel + HCI + Sensodyne toothpaste; and (5) exposed tooth enamel + HCI + EB@TiO2. The mean roughness value (R rms) of the exposed and unexposed tooth was measured with atomic force microscope (AFM). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy techniques were used to evaluate the surface morphology and changes. ANOVA was used to analyze the mean square roughness (R rms) values for all specimens. Bonferonni correction was used to identify the mean differences among the 5 groups (α=0.05). The R rms values measured for the unexposed and exposed specimens in HCI alone were statistically significant (P < 0.05). RESULTS No significant differences were found for the unexposed and exposed specimens in HCI + toothpaste and EB@TiO2. The tooth enamel specimens exposed to HCI + Sensodyne had the highest R rms values, while specimens exposed to HCI + EB@TiO2 had the lowest R rms values. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that the investigated toothpaste provides protection against acidic substances. The study results further suggests that EB@TiO2 could be used to provide enhanced protection for tooth enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shenuka Singh
- Discipline of Dentistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Durban, South Africa
| | - Sanele Nyembe
- DST/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Rookmoney Thakur
- Dental Sciences, Durban University of Technology (DUT), Durban, South Africa
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17
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Pinto GDS, Costa FDS, Machado TV, Hartwig A, Pinheiro RT, Goettems ML, Demarco FF. Early-life events and developmental defects of enamel in the primary dentition. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2018; 46:511-517. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andreia Hartwig
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
| | | | | | - Flávio Fernando Demarco
- Postgraduate Programs in Dentistry and Epidemiology; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
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18
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Schneider PM, Silva M. Endemic Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: a Pandemic Problem That Requires Monitoring by the Entire Health Care Community. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018; 16:283-288. [PMID: 29728996 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review brings a major, previously under-recognized dental and general health problem to the attention of the medical and scientific community. The goals are to help clinicians make early diagnoses, thereby improving treatment outcomes, and to stimulate increasing research efforts to understand the etiology and ultimately prevention. RECENT FINDINGS There are two recent systematic reviews of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). One reveals the global burden of the condition; mean global prevalence is 13% with 878 million people affected, with 4.8 million cases per year requiring treatment. The review into etiology found a lack of definitive knowledge, but that it is likely to be multifactorial, with childhood illness including fever possibly implicated. The review presents details of MIH sufficient to enable clinicians to recognize it and understand its impact on affected children, its management, and the importance of early intervention. Much further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Schneider
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Margarita Silva
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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19
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Schüler IM, Haberstroh S, Dawczynski K, Lehmann T, Heinrich-Weltzien R. Dental Caries and Developmental Defects of Enamel in the Primary Dentition of Preterm Infants: Case-Control Observational Study. Caries Res 2017; 52:22-31. [PMID: 29224001 DOI: 10.1159/000480124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Assessment of dental health in the primary dentition of preterm infants (PTI) including investigation of mother- and infant-related risk factors in a case-control study design. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred twenty-eight infants aged 3-4 years were included. Sixty-four PTI (27 males) were randomly selected from the preterm registry of the Jena University Hospital. As a control group served 64 full-term infants (FTI) recruited from the Department of Paediatric Dentistry, matched for age and sex. Dental examinations were provided by one dentist under standard clinical conditions. Caries was scored using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) and the DMFT, gingival health using the Periodontal Screening Index, and developmental defects of enamel using the DDE index. Mother- and infant-related factors were collected via a questionnaire and from medical records. RESULTS The caries prevalence was 50.0% (ICDAS II >0) in PTI and 12.5% (ICDAS II >0) in FTI. The caries experience was higher in PTI (DMFT 1.0 ± 3.1) than in FTI (DMFT 0.3 ± 1.0). PTI had a higher risk of caries (OR 7.0), initial lesions (OR 6.2), DDE (OR 7.5), and gingivitis (OR 6.5) than FTI. The highest risk occurred in PTI with an extremely low birth weight (<1,000 g). A higher risk of DDE was present when mothers suffered from illness during pregnancy (OR 3.9). A higher risk of caries was revealed in infants with respiratory syndrome (OR 6.2) or when their mothers had a lower socioeconomic status (OR 6.3). CONCLUSIONS PTI had less healthy teeth than FTI and are at a higher risk for DDE, caries, and gingivitis. The poorer dental health in PTI is associated with a low birth weight, a low socioeconomic status, and mothers' illness during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Manuela Schüler
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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20
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Akkus A, Karasik D, Roperto R. Correlation between micro-hardness and mineral content in healthy human enamel. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e569-e573. [PMID: 28469825 PMCID: PMC5410680 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enamel is the hardest and the stiffest tissue in the human body. The enamel undergoes multidirectional stresses, withstands multimillion chewing cycles, all while protecting the internal dentin and pulp from damage due to mechanical overload and exposure to the harsh chemical environment of the mouth. Raman spectroscopy allows to study enamel mineral content in a non-destructive and site-specific way. While Raman spectroscopy has been applied in other studies to assess tooth mineralization, there are no studies that examine the relationship between micro-hardness and mineral content of the untreated enamel. An understanding of this relationship is extremely important in a clinical context. The effect of various agents on enamel hardness was investigated, though the relationship between healthy enamel mineral content and micro-hardness remains obscure. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty human incisor teeth were obtained in compliance with the NIH guidelines and imaged site-specifically with a Raman microscope and evaluated with a Brinell hardness measurement device. The front portion of each tooth was divided into apical, medium and cervical regions and subsequently imaged with a Raman microscope in these three locations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that enamel mineral content varies significantly between individuals and is correlated with the hardness of the enamel. Non-invasive, sample preparation free Raman spectroscopy was successfully employed to measure the mineral content of healthy enamel and it correlated the mineralization score to the hardness measurements of the selected cervical location. The overall level of enamel mineral content may serve as a robust predictor of patients' susceptibility to developing caries, and overall enamels wear resistance, thus allowing for the prevention of caries via clinically available methods of remineralization, fluoride treatment and frequent cleaning. Key words:Enamel, raman spectroscopy, micro-hardness, extracted teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Akkus
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | | | - Renato Roperto
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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21
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Costa FS, Silveira ER, Pinto GS, Nascimento GG, Thomson WM, Demarco FF. Developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the primary dentition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2017; 60:1-7. [PMID: 28347809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the primary dentition. SOURCES Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus and Scielo for the identification of relevant studies. STUDY SELECTION Observational studies that examined the association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the deciduous dentition were included. Additionally, meta-analysis, funnel plots and sensitivity analysis were employed to synthesize the available evidence. Multivariable meta-regression analysis was performed to explore heterogeneity among studies. DATA A total of 318 articles were identified in the electronic searches. Of those, 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled estimates revealed that children with developmental defects of enamel had higher odds of having dental caries (OR 3.32; 95%CI 2.41-4.57), with high heterogeneity between studies (I2 80%). Methodological characteristic of the studies, such as where it was conducted, the examined teeth and the quality of the study explained about 30% of the variability. Concerning type of defect, children with hypoplasia and diffuse opacities had higher odds of having dental caries (OR 4.28; 95%CI 2.24-8.15; OR1.42; 95%CI 1.15-1.76, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates a clear association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the primary dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine S Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Ethieli R Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela S Pinto
- College in Dentistry, Faculdade Especializada na Área de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Passo Fundo, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo G Nascimento
- Federal University of Pelotas and Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | - Flávio F Demarco
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
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22
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Akkus A, Yang S, Roperto R, Mustafa H, Teich S, Akkus O. A portable fiber-optic raman spectrometer concept for evaluation of mineral content within enamel tissue. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e238-e241. [PMID: 28210442 PMCID: PMC5303324 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Measurement of tooth enamel mineralization using a clinically viable method is essential since variation of mineralization may be used to monitor caries risk or in assessing the effectiveness of remineralization therapy. Fiber optic Raman systems are becoming more affordable and popular in context of biomedical applications. However, the applicability of fiber optic Raman systems for measurement of mineral content within enamel tissue has not been elucidated significantly in the prior literature. Material and Methods Human teeth with varying degrees of enamel mineralization were selected. In addition alligator, boar and buffalo teeth which have increasing amount of mineral content, respectively, were also included as another set of samples. Reference Raman measurements of mineralization were performed using a high-fidelity confocal Raman microscope. Results Analysis of human teeth by research grade Raman system indicated a 2-fold difference in the Raman intensities of v1 symmetric-stretch bands of mineral-related phosphate bonds and 7-fold increase in mineral related Raman intensities of animal teeth. However, fiber optic system failed to resolve the differences in the mineralization of human teeth. Conclusions These results indicate that the sampling volume of fiber optic systems extends to the underlying dentin and that confocal aperture modification is essential to limit the sampling volume to within the enamel. Further research efforts will focus on putting together portable Raman systems integrated with confocal fiber probe. Key words:Enamel, mineral content, raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Akkus
- PhD, CWRU School of Dental Medicine, 2124 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-4905
| | - Shan Yang
- PhD, Jackson State University, Department of Physics, Atmospheric Science and Geophysics, 1400 John R. Lynch St Jackson, MS 39217
| | - Renato Roperto
- DDS, MSc, PhD, CWRU School of Dental Medicine, 2124 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-4905
| | - Hathem Mustafa
- PhD, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave.Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7222
| | - Sorin Teich
- DDS, MBA, CWRU School of Dental Medicine, 2124 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-4905
| | - Ozan Akkus
- PhD, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave.Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7222
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23
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Arrow P. Dental enamel defects, caries experience and oral health-related quality of life: a cohort study. Aust Dent J 2017; 62:165-172. [PMID: 27539008 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of enamel defects of the first permanent molars on caries experience and child oral health-related quality of life was evaluated in a cohort study. METHODS Children who participated in a study of enamel defects of the first permanent molars 8 years earlier were invited for a follow-up assessment. Consenting children completed the Child Perception Questionnaire and the faces Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale, and were examined by two calibrated examiners. ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, negative binomial and logistic regression were used for data analyses. RESULTS One hundred and eleven children returned a completed questionnaire and 91 were clinically examined. Negative binomial regression found that oral health impacts were associated with gender (boys, risk ratio (RR) = 0.73, P = 0.03) and decayed, missing or filled permanent teeth (DMFT) (RR = 1.1, P = 0.04). The mean DMFT of children were sound (0.9, standard deviation (SD) = 1.4), diffuse defects (0.8, SD = 1.7), demarcated defects (1.5, SD = 1.4) and pit defects (1.3, SD = 2.3) (Kruskal-Wallis, P = 0.05). Logistic regression of first permanent molar caries found higher odds of caries experience with baseline primary tooth caries experience (odds ratio (OR) = 1.5, P = 0.01), the number of teeth affected by enamel defects (OR = 1.9, P = 0.05) and lower odds with the presence of diffuse enamel defects (OR = 0.1, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The presence of diffuse enamel defects was associated with lower odds of caries experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arrow
- Department of Health, Dental Health Services, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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24
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Akkus A, Akkus A, Roperto R, Akkus O, Porto T, Teich S, Lang L. Evaluation of mineral content in healthy permanent human enamel by Raman spectroscopy. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e546-e549. [PMID: 27957268 PMCID: PMC5149089 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An understanding of tooth enamel mineral content using a clinically viable method is essential since variations in mineralization may serve as an early precursor of a dental health issues, and may predict progression and architecture of decay in addition to assessing the success and effectiveness of the remineralization strategies. Material and Methods Twenty two human incisor teeth were obtained in compliance with the NIH guidelines and site specifically imaged with Raman microscope. The front portion of the teeth was divided into apical, medium and cervical regions and subsequently imaged with Raman microscope in these three locations. Results Measured mineralization levels have varied substantially depending on the regions. It was also observed that, the cervical enamel is the least mineralization as a populational average. Conclusions Enamel mineralization is affected by a many factors such as are poor oral hygiene, alcohol consumption and high intake of dietary carbohydrates, however the net effect manifests as overall mineral content of the enamel. Thus an early identification of the individual with overall low mineral content of the enamel may be a valuable screening tool in determining a group with much higher than average caries risk, allowing intervention before development of caries. Clinically applicable non-invasive techniques that can quantify mineral content, such as Raman analysis, would help answer whether or not mineralization is associated with caries risk. Key words:Enamel, Raman spectroscopy, mineral content, dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Akkus
- PhD, Department of Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Asya Akkus
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Renato Roperto
- DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ozan Akkus
- PhD, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Thiago Porto
- PhD, Department of Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Sorin Teich
- DDS, MBA, Department of Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lisa Lang
- DDS, MBA, Department of Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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25
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Massignan C, Ximenes M, da Silva Pereira C, Dias L, Bolan M, Cardoso M. Prevalence of enamel defects and association with dental caries in preschool children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2016; 17:461-466. [PMID: 27848202 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-016-0254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM This was to evaluate the prevalence of the developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in primary teeth and its association with dental caries. METHODS A cross-sectional study with a randomised representative sample was carried out with 1101 children aged 2-5 years enrolled in public preschools (50% prevalence of DDE in primary teeth, a standard error of 3%, and a confidence level of 95%). Three calibrated dentists (K > 0.62) performed clinical examination. Data collected were: sex, age, DDE (Modified DDE Index) and dental caries (WHO). Descriptive analysis, Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression were applied for data analysis. RESULTS Among children, 565 (51.3%) were boys; mean age was 3.7 (±0.9 years). The prevalence of enamel defect was 39.1%; the prevalence of diffuse opacities, demarcated opacities and enamel hypoplasia was 25.3, 19.1 and 6.1%, respectively. The prevalence of dental caries was 31.0%, with mean def-t 1.14 (±2.44). Primary teeth with enamel hypoplasia had three times the odds of having dental caries than those with absence of enamel defects (OR = 3.10; 95% CI: 1.91, 5.01). CONCLUSION The presence of enamel defects was moderate and associated with dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Massignan
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Campus Universitário, CCS-ODT-Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - M Ximenes
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Campus Universitário, CCS-ODT-Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - C da Silva Pereira
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Campus Universitário, CCS-ODT-Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - L Dias
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Campus Universitário, CCS-ODT-Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - M Bolan
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Campus Universitário, CCS-ODT-Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - M Cardoso
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Campus Universitário, CCS-ODT-Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Andrade NS, Pontes AS, de Sousa Paz HE, de Moura MS, Moura LDFADD, Lima MDDM. Molar incisor hypomineralization in HIV-infected children and adolescents. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2016; 37:28-37. [PMID: 27791275 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to determine the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) among individuals between 7 and 15 years old infected or noninfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The study was conducted with 33 HIV-infected individuals (study group; SG) and 66 non-HIV-infected schoolchildren (control group; CG), paired by gender and age. Data collection was based on medical records (SG), a questionnaire for caregivers and oral examination for diagnosis of MIH (European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria) and caries (DMFT index and ICDAS). Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests and logistic regression. In SG, MIH (45.5%) and caries (87.9%) had higher prevalence. MIH was associated with use of protease inhibitors in SG (OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.21 to 3.77) and incubator need in CG (OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.71 to 9.10). HIV-infected patients had a higher prevalence of MIH and dental caries in the permanent dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Silva Andrade
- PhD Student, Postgraduate Programme in Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcoeli Silva de Moura
- Associated Professor, Postgraduate Programme in Dentistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Marina de Deus Mourade Lima
- Adjunct Professor, Postgraduate Programme in Dentistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Seow W, Leishman S, Palmer J, Walsh L, Pukallus M, Barnett A. A Longitudinal Observational Study of Developmental Defects of Enamel from Birth to 6 Years of Age. JDR Clin Trans Res 2016; 1:285-291. [DOI: 10.1177/2380084416655744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) commonly occur in the primary dentition. Although several cross-sectional studies have shown the association of DDE with caries, there is a paucity of longitudinal studies demonstrating that teeth with DDE are at greater risk of caries than are normal teeth. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to longitudinally track a total of 14,220 primary teeth in 725 children from a large birth cohort study, who were interviewed by telephone or home visits at 6-mo intervals. There were 74 children with at least 1 tooth with DDE. We compared teeth with and without DDE by calculating hazard ratios for caries using a Cox proportional hazards model and by plotting caries-free probabilities by child’s age for DDE categories in a Kaplan-Meier plot. Our results show that teeth with DDE had a much higher risk for caries and developed caries earlier than did teeth without DDE. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for caries were 6.0 (2.4 to 14.6; P < 0.001) for pits, 5.5 (3.8 to 7.8; P < 0.001) for missing enamel, and 4.5 (1.8 to 11.3; P < 0.002) for hypoplasia occurring with yellow-brown opacities. Kaplan-Meier survival plots of caries-free probabilities by age, depending on DDE type, suggest that all types of enamel hypoplasia are associated with a statistically significant increased risk for caries. The study provides longitudinal evidence that DDE are a strong determinant for caries in the primary dentition (ACTRN No. 012606000356561). Knowledge Transfer Statement: The study provides longitudinal evidence that developmental defects of enamel of the primary dentition are strongly associated with increased risk of early childhood caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- W.K. Seow
- Centre for Paediatric Dentistry, Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - S.J. Leishman
- Centre for Paediatric Dentistry, Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - J.E. Palmer
- Centre for Paediatric Dentistry, Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - L.J. Walsh
- Centre for Paediatric Dentistry, Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - M. Pukallus
- Metro South Oral Health, Metro South Health, Logan City, Australia
| | - A.G. Barnett
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation & School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
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Pontes AS, Lima MDDM, Andrade NS, de Moura MS, Moura LDFADD. Dental enamel development defects in children and adolescents with HIV infection: case-control study. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2016; 37:19-27. [PMID: 27340763 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To determine the frequency of Enamel Development Defects (DDE) and associated factors in children and adolescents infected with HIV. A case-control study was conducted in HIV-infected patients (n = 52), aged 3 to 15, and a control group formed by preschool and schoolchildren (n = 104) matched according to gender, age and household income. Data on medical history, neonatal and maternal conditions were obtained. For diagnosis of enamel defects was used modified DDE Index. DDE frequency was 61.5% in the case group and 58.7% in the control group (p = 0.569). Infection of the genitourinary tract and maternal hemorrhage were factors associated with DDE in the case and control groups, respectively. An association was observed between the use of antiretroviral regimens with protease inhibitors or efavirenz and DDE in the permanent dentition. Children and adolescents HIV-infected showed a DDE frequency similar to healthy patients, but factors associated with this condition were different between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natália Silva Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry Student, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piaui
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Karayasheva D, Glushkova M, Boteva E, Mitev V, Kadiyska T. Association study for the role of Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 3 gene polymorphisms in dental caries susceptibility. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 68:9-12. [PMID: 27043485 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various exogenous and endogenous risk factors have been described as contributing to dental caries susceptibility. In the last decade it has been established that both pro and active forms of host derived Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are present in the oral cavity. MMPs role in caries development has been hypothesized. The aim of this study was to analyse MMP2 (rs2287074) and MMP3 (rs679620) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their role in caries susceptibility. DESIGN The two SNPs were analysed by PCR- restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in a sample of 102 ethnic Bulgarian volunteers (42 males and 60 females), all students in Sofia Medical University. RESULTS Statistical analysis of the MMP2 SNP showed significant differences for the genotype frequencies between the caries free (CF, DMFT=0) and low caries experience (LCE, DMFT≤5) groups. Analysis for the non-synonymous MMP3 SNP found significant differences between both CF vs caries experience groups (LCE+ high caries experience (HCE, DMFT≥5)) and LCE vs HCE groups. The presence of allele G decreased the risk of HCE about 4 times. CONCLUSIONS MMP2 and MMP3 genes are likely to be involved in caries susceptibility in our population. However, as dental caries is a multifactorial disorder and several genes are likely to have influence on it, it is reasonable to expect that SNPs, even those proven to be functional like rs679620, potentially play a significant, but not major role in the disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobrina Karayasheva
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Sofia Medical University, 1 Sv. G. Sofiiski Blvd., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Glushkova
- Genetic Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory Genica, 90 Tsar Asen str., Sofia 1643, Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina Boteva
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Sofia Medical University, 1 Sv. G. Sofiiski Blvd., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Vanyo Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Sofia Medical University, 2 Zdrave str., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Kadiyska
- Genetic Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory Genica, 90 Tsar Asen str., Sofia 1643, Bulgaria; Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Sofia Medical University, 2 Zdrave str., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.
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Ulusoy AT, Sen Tunc E, Bayrak Ş, Onder H. A Comparative Study of Oral Health Parameters in Molar Incisor Hypomineralization and High-Caries-Risk Children Aged 8-11 Years. Med Princ Pract 2015; 25:85-9. [PMID: 26466311 PMCID: PMC5588299 DOI: 10.1159/000440999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare oral health parameters: decayed missing filled teeth (dmft, DMFT), gingival index and plaque index in high-caries-risk children and children with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). SUBJECTS AND METHODS A study group of 81 children affected by MIH (49 girls, 32 boys) aged 8-11 years (mean 9.4 ± 1.1) was race-, age- and sex-matched with 81 high-caries-risk children not affected by MIH (controls). The MIH and control groups were divided into four subgroups according to age. The oral health parameters of both groups were recorded under clinical conditions. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the differences in the number of MIH-affected teeth between the groups. Other traits were evaluated with the ANOVA test, and Duncan's multiple comparison tests were used for comparing means. Linear and ordinal regression analyses were used to model the variables. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 9.4 ± 1.1 years, and the mean number of affected teeth was 7.7 (range 3-12) in the MIH group. The number of affected teeth and severity of MIH did not change significantly with age and sex (p > 0.05). A comparison of the oral health parameters of MIH-affected and control children according to groups did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups for all parameters for all groups (p > 0.05) with the exception of DMFT values at 10 years of age (p < 0.05). In a comparison of the total scores without taking age into account, the children with MIH showed a significantly higher DMFT value than the children without MIH (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between the dmft, GI and PI values of the study groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The children in the MIH group had higher DMFT than those without MIH. Hence, the presence of MIH could have a detrimental effect on oral health parameters, especially on DMFT values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Tuba Ulusoy
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Emine Sen Tunc
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Şule Bayrak
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Osmangazi, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Onder
- Department of Animal Science Biometry and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Vargas-Ferreira F, Salas M, Nascimento G, Tarquinio S, Faggion C, Peres M, Thomson W, Demarco F. Association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2015; 43:619-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Sundell AL, Nilsson AK, Ullbro C, Twetman S, Marcusson A. Caries prevalence and enamel defects in 5- and 10-year-old children with cleft lip and/or palate: A case-control study. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 74:90-5. [PMID: 25972142 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1044562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of dental caries and enamel defects in 5- and 10-year-old Swedish children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL(P)) in comparison to non-cleft controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 139 children with CL(P) (80 subjects aged 5 years and 59 aged 10 years) and 313 age-matched non-cleft controls. All children were examined by one of two calibrated examiners. Caries was scored according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) and enamel defects as presence and frequency of hypoplasia and hypomineralization. RESULTS The caries prevalence among the 5-year-old CL(P) children and the non-cleft controls was 36% and 18%, respectively (p < 0.05). The CL(P) children had higher caries frequency (initial and cavitated lesions) in the primary dentition than their controls (1.2 vs 0.9; p < 0.05). A significantly higher prevalence of enamel defects was found in CL(P) children of both age groups and anterior permanent teeth were most commonly affected. CONCLUSIONS Preschool children with cleft lip and/or palate seem to have more caries in the primary dentition than age-matched non-cleft controls. Enamel defects were more common in CL(P) children in both age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Sundell
- a 1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education , Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Nilsson
- a 1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education , Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Christer Ullbro
- b 2 Institute for Clinical Dentistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø, Norway
| | - Svante Twetman
- c 3 Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agneta Marcusson
- d 4 Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics, Maxillofacial Unit, Linköping University Hospital , Linköping, Sweden
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Corrêa-Faria P, Paixão-Gonçalves S, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA, Marques LS, Ramos-Jorge ML. Association between developmental defects of enamel and early childhood caries: a cross-sectional study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2015; 25:103-9. [PMID: 24650107 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The determination of risk factors for early childhood caries (ECC) is important to the implementation of preventive and restorative measures. However, few studies have addressed the association between ECC and developmental defects of enamel (DDE). AIMS To investigate the association between DDE and ECC, controlling for socioeconomic factors and the presence of dental plaque. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was carried out with 387 children aged two to 5 years during the National Immunisation Day held in 2010 in Diamantina, Brazil. Data were collected through clinical examinations and interviews with parents/guardians addressing socioeconomic indicators. Statistical analysis involved the chi-squared test and Poisson regression. RESULTS The prevalence of DDE and ECC was 33.9% and 43.3%, respectively. Children with DDE had a greater prevalence rate of ECC (PR: 1.325; 95% CI: 1.093-1.607). Early childhood caries was more prevalent among children with unsatisfactory oral hygiene (PR: 2.933; 95% CI: 2.22-3.86), those who resided in rural areas (PR: 1.267; 95% CI: 1.03-1.55) and those from families with a lower monthly household income (PR: 1.501; 95% CI: 1.06-2.12). CONCLUSIONS The presence of ECC was associated with the occurrence of DDE in the primary dentition. Place of residence and monthly household income (socioeconomic indicators) and oral hygiene (behavioural factor) exerted an influence on the occurrence of ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Corrêa-Faria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Heima M, Lee W, Milgrom P, Nelson S. Caregiver's education level and child's dental caries in African Americans: a path analytic study. Caries Res 2015; 49:177-83. [PMID: 25661111 DOI: 10.1159/000368560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of caregiver education level on children's dental caries mediated by both caregiver and child oral health behaviors. Participants were 423 low-income African American kindergarteners and their caregivers who were part of a school-based randomized clinical trial. Path analysis tested the hypothesis that caregiver education level affected untreated dental caries and cumulative overall caries experience (decayed or filled teeth) through the mediating influence of frequency of dental visits, use of routine care, and frequency of toothbrushing for both the caregiver and the child. The results supported the hypothesis: caregivers who completed high school were 1.76 times more likely to visit dentists compared with those who did not complete high school (e(0.56) = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.03-2.99), which in turn was associated with 5.78 times greater odds of dental visits among their children (e(1.76) = 5.78, 95% CI: 3.53-9.48). Children's dental visits, subsequently, were associated with 26% fewer untreated decayed teeth compared with children without dental visits (e(-0.31) = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.60-0.91). However, this path was not present in the model with overall caries experience. Additionally, caregiver education level was directly associated with 34% less untreated decayed teeth (e(-0.42) = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.54-0.79) and 28% less decayed or filled teeth (e(-0.32) = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60-0.88) among the children. This study overcomes important conceptual and analytic limitations in the existing literature. The findings confirm the role of caregiver education in child dental caries and indicate that caregiver's behavioral factors are important mediators of child oral health.
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IBUSUKI T, KITASAKO Y, SADR A, SHIMADA Y, SUMI Y, TAGAMI J. Observation of white spot lesions using swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT): in vitro and in vivo study. Dent Mater J 2015; 34:545-52. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2015-058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahide IBUSUKI
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yuichi KITASAKO
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Alireza SADR
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, International Exchange Center
| | - Yasushi SHIMADA
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yasunori SUMI
- Department for Advanced Dental Research Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Disease, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| | - Junji TAGAMI
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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dos Santos Junior VE, de Sousa RMB, Oliveira MC, de Caldas Junior AF, Rosenblatt A. Early childhood caries and its relationship with perinatal, socioeconomic and nutritional risks: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:47. [PMID: 24885697 PMCID: PMC4019949 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Socioeconomic, perinatal and other life cycle events can be important determinants of the health status of the individual and populations. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), perinatal factors (gestational age, teenage pregnancy and birth weight), family income and nutritional risk in children. Methods A cross-sectional study in which 320 children were examined according to the criteria established by the World Health Organization. A previously validated questionnaire was used to obtain information from parents and guardians about family income, gestational age and birth weight. To check the nutritional risk, we used the criteria provided by the CDC (Center for Disease Control). For Statistics, Pearson’s, chi-square and the multivariate Poisson analyses were used to determine the association among variables. Results Approximately 20% of children had ECC, and the Poisson multivariate analyses indicated that family income (p = 0.009), birth weight (p < 0.001) and infant obesity (p < 0.001) were related to the increase of ECC, and gestational age was not significantly associated with ECC (p = 0.149). Pregnancy in adolescence was not included in the regression analyses model because it was not statistically significant in the chi-square test (p > 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of ECC was related to low family income, premature birth and infant obesity.
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Association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in schoolchildren. J Dent 2014; 42:540-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Masumo R, Birungi N, Bårdsen A, Fadnes LT, Astrøm AN. Impact of low birthweight on early childhood caries in 6-36 months old infants in Uganda: A cross-sectional study. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:312-20. [PMID: 24460034 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.880189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Focusing on 6-36 months old infants, this study assessed (1) whether socio-economic status, current anthropometric status, presence of enamel hypoplasia, number of erupted teeth, oral hygiene and consumption of sugared snacks varied between children with normal birthweight (NBW) and low birthweight (LBW) and (2) the association between ECC and birthweight whilst adjusting for covariates of ECC, such as current anthropometric status. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kampala in 2007, involving 816 child/caretaker pairs. All caretakers completed face-to-face interviews. Children were examined for ECC and enamel defects using WHO (1997) criteria and the developmental defects of enamel (DDE) index. Weight at birth was obtained from hospital records and current anthropometric status was assessed using z-scores for weight-for-length (WLZ), length-for-age (LAZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ). RESULTS Prevalence of LBW (< 2500 g) and ECC were estimated to 11.5% and 18.1%, respectively. Children with LBW and those with ECC presented with more visible plaque, higher sugar consumption and more current underweight (WAZ < -2) than children with normal birth weight (NBW) and no caries; 26.7% of LBW vs 17.3% (p < 0.001) of NBW children presented with ECC. Enamel defects (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.6-4.8) and presence of visible plaque (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.3-4.1), but not LBW, were associated with ECC in multiple variable logistic regression analyses. CONCLUSION Both LBW and ECC were associated with poor oral hygiene, high intake of sugars and current underweight. Enamel defects were associated with ECC. Adjusting for covariates there were no clear association between LBW and ECC. Studies using a prospective study design are needed for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Masumo
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Community Dentistry
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Nelson S, Albert JM, Geng C, Curtan S, Lang K, Miadich S, Heima M, Malik A, Ferretti G, Eggertsson H, Slayton RL, Milgrom P. Increased enamel hypoplasia and very low birthweight infants. J Dent Res 2013; 92:788-94. [PMID: 23857641 PMCID: PMC3744269 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513497751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth cohort studies of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and early childhood caries (ECC) in very low birthweight (VLBW) and normal birthweight (NBW) infants are rare. In this birth cohort of 234 VLBW and 234 NBW infants, we report the incidence of ECC and DDE at 8 and 18-20 mos of corrected age. Infant medical and maternal socio-demographic data were abstracted from medical records at birth. Dental assessments for ECC and DDE (enamel hypoplasia, demarcated and diffuse opacities) were completed at 8 and 18-20 mos. The incidence of hypoplasia was significantly higher in VLBW compared with NBW infants (8 mos, 19% vs. 2%; 18 mos, 31% vs. 8%). The incidence of ECC (International Caries Detection and Assessment System: ICDAS ≥ 2) was 1.4% (8 mos) and 12% (18-20 mos) and was similar between the VLBW and NBW groups. At both ages, using a beta-binomial regression model to control for potential confounders (maternal and infant characteristics), we found increased risk for enamel hypoplasia among the VLBW infants compared with the NBW infants. African Americans had a lower risk for enamel hypoplasia at 18-20 mos. The VLBW infants should be monitored for ECC due to the presence of enamel hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nelson
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Corrêa-Faria P, Martins-Júnior PA, Vieira-Andrade RG, Marques LS, Ramos-Jorge ML. Perinatal factors associated with developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth: a case-control study. Braz Oral Res 2013; 27:363-8. [PMID: 23689469 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242013005000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate associations between developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in the primary dentition and aspects related to mothers and preschoolers in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. A case-control study was carried out involving children aged three to five years. The case group was composed of 104 children with at least one dental surface affected by DDE. The control group comprised 105 children without DDE, matched for gender and age. The diagnosis of enamel defects was performed using the Developmental Defects of Enamel Index. Information was collected through interviews investigating socio-demographic aspects, gestation, birth weight, prematurity and breastfeeding. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed, providing unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (Poisson regression). DDE were more prevalent among children who had not been breastfed (PR=1.57; 95% CI: 1.1-2.2) and those whose mothers were under 24 years of age at the birth of the child (PR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9). The prevalence of DDE in the primary dentition was higher among children who had not been breastfed and those whose mothers were under 24 years of age at the birth of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Corrêa-Faria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Univ Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri-UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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Masumo R, Bårdsen A, Astrøm AN. Developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth and association with early life course events: a study of 6-36 month old children in Manyara, Tanzania. BMC Oral Health 2013; 13:21. [PMID: 23672512 PMCID: PMC3671208 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-13-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children with low birth weight show an increased prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in the primary dentition that subsequently may predispose to early childhood caries (ECC). Focusing 6–36 months old, the purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of enamel defects in the primary dentition and identify influences of early life course factors; socio-demographics, birth weight, child’s early illness episodes and mothers’ perceived size of the child at birth, whilst controlling for more recent life course events in terms of current breastfeeding and oral hygiene. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the high fluoride area of Manyara, northern Tanzania including 1221 child-mother pairs who attended Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) clinics for immunization and/or growth monitoring. After the primary caregivers had completed face to face interviews at the health care facility, children underwent oral clinical examination whereby ECC and developmental defects of enamel were recorded using field criteria. All erupted teeth were examined and the enamel defects were assessed on buccal surfaces according to the modified DDE Index. Results The prevalence of enamel defects was 33.3%. Diffuse opacities were the most common defects identified (23.1%), followed by hypoplasia (7.6%) and demarcated opacities (5.0%). The most frequently affected teeth were the upper central incisors (29.0% - 30.5%), whereas lower central incisors (4.3% to 4.5%) were least frequently affected. Multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusting for confounding the factors revealed that having normal birth weight (equal or more than 2500 g) associated with lower odds of having enamel hypoplasia [OR 0.2 (95% CI 0.1-0.7)]. No statistically significant association occurred between birth weight and diffuse opacities, demarcated opacities or combined DDE. Conclusion Children with the history of low birth weight were more likely than their normal birth weight counterparts to present with enamel hypoplasia. In view of the frequent occurrence of enamel defects and the fact that hypoplasia may constitute a risk factor for future ECC, enamel defects should be included as a dental health indicator in epidemiological studies of children in northern Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Masumo
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Salanitri S, Seow WK. Developmental enamel defects in the primary dentition: aetiology and clinical management. Aust Dent J 2013; 58:133-40; quiz 266. [PMID: 23713631 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Developmental enamel defects, presenting as enamel hypoplasia or opacities are caused by damage or disruption to the developing enamel organ as a result of inherited and acquired systemic conditions. The high prevalence of these defects in the primary dentition demonstrates the vulnerability of the teeth to changes in the pre- and postnatal environment. The presence of enamel hypoplasia increases the risk of primary teeth to early childhood caries and tooth wear as the defective enamel is thinner, more plaque retentive and less resistant to dissolution in acid compared to normal enamel. The purpose of this paper was to critically review the aetiology and clinical complications of developmental enamel defects in the primary dentition and propose recommendations for the clinical management of affected teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salanitri
- Centre for Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland
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Divaris K, Preisser JS, Slade GD. Surface-specific efficacy of fluoride varnish in caries prevention in the primary dentition: results of a community randomized clinical trial. Caries Res 2012. [PMID: 23207237 DOI: 10.1159/000344015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fluoride varnish (FV) is efficacious in caries prevention although its effects among different tooth surfaces are poorly understood. This study sought to determine the extent to which caries-preventive effects of a community intervention that included FV application among preschool-aged children varied according to primary tooth anatomy and baseline tooth pathology. METHODS Secondary analysis was undertaken of data from a community-randomized controlled trial among 543 3- to 5-year-old Aboriginal children in 30 Northern Territory Australian communities. Children in intervention communities received community health promotion and FV application once every 6 months. Net caries (d(3)mfs) risk and 95% confidence limits (CL) were estimated for the control and intervention arms, and stratified according to tooth anatomy/location and baseline pathology (sound, enamel opacity, hypoplastic defect or precavitated carious lesion). The intervention's efficacy was quantified using generalized estimating equation modeling accounting for study design and clustering. The assumption of efficacy homogeneity was tested using a Wald χ(2) test with a p < 0.2 criterion and post hoc pairwise comparisons. RESULTS The intervention resulted in a 25% reduction (relative risk, RR = 0.75; 95% CL = 0.71, 0.80) in the 2-year surface-level caries risk. There was substantial heterogeneity in FV efficacy by baseline surface pathology: RRs were 0.73 for sound, 0.77 for opaque, 0.90 for precavitated, and 0.92 for hypoplastic surfaces. Among sound surfaces, maxillary anterior facials received significantly more benefit (RR = 0.62) compared to pits and fissures (RR = 0.78). CONCLUSION The intervention had greatest efficacy on surfaces that were sound at baseline. Among those sound surfaces, maxillary anterior facials received most caries-preventive benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Divaris
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Donovan TE, Anderson M, Becker W, Cagna DR, Hilton TJ, McKee JR, Metz JE. Annual review of selected scientific literature: Report of the committee on scientific investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2012; 108:15-50. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(12)60104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Caufield PW, Li Y, Bromage TG. Hypoplasia-associated severe early childhood caries--a proposed definition. J Dent Res 2012; 91:544-50. [PMID: 22529242 PMCID: PMC3348067 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512444929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a new classification of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC): hypoplasia-associated severe early childhood caries (HAS-ECC). This form of caries affects mostly young children living at or below poverty, characterized by structurally damaged primary teeth that are particularly vulnerable to dental caries. These predisposing developmental dental defects are mainly permutations of enamel hypoplasia (EHP). Anthropologists and dental researchers consider EHP an indicator for infant and maternal stresses including malnutrition, a variety of illnesses, and adverse birthing conditions. Differentiation of HAS-ECC from other forms of early childhood caries is warranted because of its distinct etiology, clinical presentation, and eventual management. Defining HAS-ECC has important clinical implications: Therapies that control or prevent other types of caries are likely to be less effective with HAS-ECC because the structural integrity of the teeth is compromised prior to their emergence into the oral cavity. By the time these children present to the dentist, the treatment options often become limited to surgical management under general anesthesia. To prevent HAS-ECC, dentists must partner with other health providers to develop interventions that begin with pregnant mothers, with the aim of eliminating or ameliorating the covariates accompanying poverty, including better pre- and post-natal care and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Caufield
- Cariology and Comprehensive, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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