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Souza TFG, Pierdoná TM, Macedo FS, Aquino PEA, Rangel GFP, Duarte RS, Silva LMA, Viana GSB, Alves APNN, Montenegro RC, Wilke DV, Silveira ER, Alencar NMN. A proline derivative-enriched methanol fraction from Sideroxylon obtusifolium leaves (MFSOL) stimulates human keratinocyte cells and exerts a healing effect in a burn wound model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10700. [PMID: 34076141 PMCID: PMC8186379 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e10700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It was previously demonstrated that the methanol fraction of Sideroxylon obtusifolium (MFSOL) promoted anti-inflammatory and healing activity in excisional wounds. Thus, the present work investigated the healing effects of MFSOL on human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) and experimental burn model injuries. HaCaT cells were used to study MFSOL's effect on cell migration and proliferation rates. Female Swiss mice were subjected to a second-degree superficial burn protocol and divided into four treatment groups: Vehicle, 1.0% silver sulfadiazine, and 0.5 or 1.0% MFSOL Cream (CrMFSOL). Samples were collected to quantify the inflammatory mediators, and histological analyses were performed after 3, 7, and 14 days. The results showed that MFSOL (50 μg/mL) stimulated HaCaT cells by increasing proliferation and migration rates. Moreover, 0.5% CrMFSOL attenuated myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and also stimulated the release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 after 3 days of treatment. CrMFSOL (0.5%) also enhanced wound contraction, promoted improvement of tissue remodeling, and increased collagen production after 7 days and VEGF release after 14 days. Therefore, MFSOL stimulated human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells and improved wound healing via modulation of inflammatory mediators of burn injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F G Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - T M Pierdoná
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.,Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - F S Macedo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - P E A Aquino
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - G F P Rangel
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R S Duarte
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - L M A Silva
- Embrapa Agroindustria Tropical, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - G S B Viana
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A P N N Alves
- Departamento de Clínica Odontológica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R C Montenegro
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - D V Wilke
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - E R Silveira
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - N M N Alencar
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Silveira ER, Cademartori MG, Schuch HS, Corrêa MB, Ardenghi TM, Armfield J, Horta BL, Demarco FF. The vicious cycle of dental fear at age 31 in a birth cohort in Southern Brazil. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 49:354-361. [PMID: 33283921 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This longitudinal study assessed the prevalence of dental fear in adulthood and the association with socio-economic, behavioural and clinical variables. Also, the existence of a vicious cycle of dental fear was tested. METHODS A random sample of adults (n = 535) from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Brazil, was selected. Socio-economic data, behavioural characteristics and clinical variables were collected during different cohort waves. Oral health data were collected at ages 15, 24 and 31 years old, using questionnaires and oral examination. Dental fear (the outcome) was assessed by the question: 'Are you afraid of going to the dentist?', with possible responses: dichotomized into 'No' or 'A little/Yes/A lot'. Exposure variables were as follows: dental visit in the last years (at the ages 15 and 31); caries experience (DMFT ≥ mean) at the ages 15 and 31; the trajectory of caries prevalence from 15 to 31 years old; dental pain in the last six months in the two ages evaluated; and self-rated oral health at age 31. Several multivariable Poisson regression models were used to investigate the association between each of the exposure variables and dental fear. RESULTS Dental fear prevalence was 22.1%, and it was more prevalent among non-white individuals and females. After controlling for potential confounders, dental fear was more likely to be reported by those individuals who had dental pain or a higher prevalence of dental caries at the age 15. Dental fear was also associated with a worse trajectory of dental caries, negative self-rated oral health at age 31 and with not having visited the dentist in the last year (at the age 31). Results supported the proposed vicious cycle of dental fear. CONCLUSIONS Dental fear in adulthood was related to exposures occurring across the lifecourse. Also, it was possible to observe the occurrence of the vicious cycle of dental fear in the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Therefore, preventive measures during different periods of the life course are required to prevent dental fear and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethieli R Silveira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Helena S Schuch
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Ardenghi
- Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jason Armfield
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bernardo L Horta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Flavio F Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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3
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Silveira ER, Costa VPP, Goettems ML, Ardenghi TM, Azevedo MS, Correa MB, Demarco FF. The impact of cyberbullying on schoolchildren's dental anxiety in Brazil: A cross-sectional multi-level study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 48:440-446. [PMID: 32562307 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study assessed the correlation between individual and school-related social environment variables with dental anxiety in Brazilian schoolchildren aged 8-12 years. METHODS A sample of children from 20 private and public schools (n = 1211) from Pelotas, Brazil, were selected. Socioeconomic data were collected from parents, and data regarding children characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. Dental anxiety (the outcome) was assessed by the following question: 'Are you afraid of going to the dentist?' Dental examinations were performed to assess caries experience (DMFT ≥ 1). The social school environment was assessed by a questionnaire administered to schools' coordinators and considered: type of school, verbal violence between students, presence of gangs at school and cyberbullying episodes. Multilevel Poisson regression was used to investigate the association between school social environment and dental anxiety. RESULTS The prevalence of dental anxiety was 9.1% (95%CI 7.5-10.8). For the individual variables, anxiety was more prevalent in girls [1.85 (1.21-2.81)], in children with less-educated mothers [1.50 (1.00-2.27)] and in children who never attended to the dentist [2.48 (1.65-3.72)]. For contextual variables, episodes of cyberbullying in school increased the prevalence of dental anxiety by almost 80% [1.78 (1.14-2.78)]. CONCLUSIONS The school social environment influences dental anxiety. The results suggest that it is important to establish strategies focused on promoting healthier environments and preventing cyberbullying in order to reduce the occurrence of dental anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethieli R Silveira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vanessa P P Costa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marília L Goettems
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Ardenghi
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Marina S Azevedo
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Correa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Flávio F Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Dodou HV, de Morais Batista AH, Sales GWP, de Medeiros SC, Rodrigues ML, Nogueira PCN, Silveira ER, Nogueira NAP. Violacein antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus epidermidis and synergistic effect on commercially available antibiotics. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 123:853-860. [PMID: 28744944 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The study aimed to assess whether violacein has antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus epidermidis and synergistically modulates the action of commercially available antimicrobial drugs. METHODS AND RESULTS Violacein showed excellent antimicrobial activity on biofilm-forming and nonbiofilm-forming S. epidermidis strains (ATCC 35984) (ATCC 12228), with bacteriostatic (MIC = 20 μg ml-1 and 10 μg ml-1 respectively) and bactericidal effects (MBC = 20 μg ml-1 for both strains), observed in short periods of exposure. The violacein bactericidal concentration led to S. epidermidis death after 2-3 h of exposure. Additionally, violacein synergistically modulated the activity of different antimicrobial classes on S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 (81·8%; n = 9) and on S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 (54·5%; n = 6), reducing the MIC of these antibiotics by up to 16-fold. CONCLUSION Violacein shows excellent antimicrobial activity on S. epidermidis strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Violacein shows the potential for the development of a new drug for the treatment of infections caused by S. epidermidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Dodou
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - A H de Morais Batista
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - G W P Sales
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - S C de Medeiros
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - M L Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - P C N Nogueira
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - E R Silveira
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - N A P Nogueira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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5
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Costa FS, Silveira ER, Pinto GS, Nascimento GG, Thomson WM, Demarco FF. Developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the primary dentition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2017; 60:1-7. [PMID: 28347809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the primary dentition. SOURCES Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus and Scielo for the identification of relevant studies. STUDY SELECTION Observational studies that examined the association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the deciduous dentition were included. Additionally, meta-analysis, funnel plots and sensitivity analysis were employed to synthesize the available evidence. Multivariable meta-regression analysis was performed to explore heterogeneity among studies. DATA A total of 318 articles were identified in the electronic searches. Of those, 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled estimates revealed that children with developmental defects of enamel had higher odds of having dental caries (OR 3.32; 95%CI 2.41-4.57), with high heterogeneity between studies (I2 80%). Methodological characteristic of the studies, such as where it was conducted, the examined teeth and the quality of the study explained about 30% of the variability. Concerning type of defect, children with hypoplasia and diffuse opacities had higher odds of having dental caries (OR 4.28; 95%CI 2.24-8.15; OR1.42; 95%CI 1.15-1.76, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates a clear association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the primary dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine S Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Ethieli R Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela S Pinto
- College in Dentistry, Faculdade Especializada na Área de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Passo Fundo, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo G Nascimento
- Federal University of Pelotas and Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | - Flávio F Demarco
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
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Leal LKAM, Pierdoná TM, Góes JGS, Fonsêca KS, Canuto KM, Silveira ER, Bezerra AME, Viana GSB. A comparative chemical and pharmacological study of standardized extracts and vanillic acid from wild and cultivated Amburana cearensis A.C. Smith. Phytomedicine 2011; 18:230-233. [PMID: 20638258 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this work were to carry out a comparative chemical study and to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extracts (EtOHE) and vanilic acid (VA) from cultivated and wild Amburana cearensis A.C. Smith (Fabaceae), an endangered species used in Northeast Brazil for the treatment of asthma. The HPLC analysis of EtOHE, showed that coumarin (CM) and VA were the major constituents from the cultivated plant, while in the extract from the wild plant the major constituents were amburoside A (AMB) and CM. Pharmacological tests were performed with male Swiss mice or male Wistar rats acutely administered with 100-400mg/kg, p.o. of EtOHEs or 12.5-50mg/kg, p.o. of VA. EtOHEs from A. cearensis with 4, 7 or 9 months of cultivation significantly inhibited, from 32 to 64%, both phases of the formalin test in mice. Similar results were observed with the EtOHE from the wild species. VA significantly reduced both phases of the formalin test. This effect was partially reversed by naloxone. EtOHE from cultivated or wild A. cearensis inhibited the carrageenan (Cg)-induced mice paw edema. Furthermore, VA inhibited the paw edema and the leukocyte migration in rat peritoneal cavity induced by Cg. On the other hand, it did not inhibit the edema and the increase of vascular permeability induced by dextran in the rat paw. All together, these results indicate that the EtOHE from cultivated A. cearensis exhibit similar chemical and pharmacological profiles, as related to the wild plant. VA is, at least partially, responsible for these pharmacological effects. Its antinociceptive effect occurs by a mechanism partly dependent upon the opioid system, while the anti-inflammatory action was manifested in inflammatory processes dependent on polymorphonuclear cells and are probably related to the VA inhibition of cytokines as observed by others.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K A M Leal
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Capitão Francisco Pedro, 1210, 60430-370 Fortaleza, Brazil.
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7
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Cavalcanti BC, Ferreira JRO, Moura DJ, Rosa RM, Furtado GV, Burbano RR, Silveira ER, Lima MAS, Camara CAG, Saffi J, Henriques JAP, Rao VSN, Costa-Lotufo LV, Moraes MO, Pessoa C. Structure-mutagenicity relationship of kaurenoic acid from Xylopia sericeae (Annonaceae). Mutat Res 2010; 701:153-63. [PMID: 20599626 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kaurane diterpenes are considered important compounds in the development of new highly effective anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. Genotoxic effects of anticancer drugs in non-tumour cells are of special significance due to the possibility that they induce secondary tumours in cancer patients. In this context, we evaluated the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of the natural diterpenoid kaurenoic acid (KA), i.e. (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, isolated from Xylopia sericeae St. Hill, using several standard in vitro and in vivo protocols (comet, chromosomal aberration, micronucleus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae assays). Also, an analysis of structure-activity relationships was performed with two natural diterpenoid compounds, 14-hydroxy-kaurane (1) and xylopic acid (2), isolated from X. sericeae, and three semi-synthetic derivatives of KA (3-5). In addition, considering the importance of the exocyclic double bond (C16) moiety as an active pharmacophore of KA cytotoxicity, we also evaluated the hydrogenated derivative of KA, (-)-kauran-19-oic acid (KAH), to determine the role of the exocyclic bond (C16) in the genotoxic activity of KA. In summary, the present study shows that KA is genotoxic and mutagenic in human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), yeast (S. cerevisiae) and mice (bone marrow, liver and kidney) probably due to the generation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and/or inhibition of topoisomerase I. Unlike KA, compounds 1-5 and KAH are completely devoid of genotoxic and mutagenic effects under the experimental conditions used in this study, suggesting that the exocyclic double bond (C16) moiety may be the active pharmacophore of the genetic toxicity of KA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), CEP: 60430-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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8
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Cavalcanti BC, Moura DJ, Rosa RM, Moraes MO, Araujo ECC, Lima MAS, Silveira ER, Saffi J, Henriques JAP, Pessoa C, Costa-Lotufo LV. Genotoxic effects of tanshinones from Hyptis martiusii in V79 cell line. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:388-92. [PMID: 17897764 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The genotoxic effect of two tanshinones isolated from roots of Hyptis martiussi Benth (Labiatae) was studied using V79 (Chinese hamster lung) cells by the alkaline comet assay and micronucleus test. Tanshinones were incubated with the cells at concentrations of 1, 3, 6 and 12 microg/mL for 3 h. Tanshinones were shown to be quite strongly genotoxic against V79 cells at all tested concentrations. The data obtained provide support to the view that tanshinones has DNA damaging activity in cultured V79 cells under the conditions of the assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel Nunes de Melo, 1127, Caixa Postal-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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9
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Campos AR, Cunha KMA, Santos FA, Silveira ER, Uchoa DEA, Nascimento NRF, Rao VSN. Relaxant effects of an alkaloid-rich fraction from Aspidosperma ulei root bark on isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum. Int J Impot Res 2007; 20:255-63. [PMID: 18046335 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We described earlier that an alkaloid-rich fraction (F(3-5)) from Aspidosperma ulei (Markgr) induces penile erection-like behavioral responses in mice. This study verified a possible relaxant effect of this fraction on isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum (RbCC) strips precontracted by phenylephrine (1 microM) or K+ 60 mM. F(3-5) (1-300 microg ml(-1)) relaxed the RbCC strips in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner. The relaxant effect of F(3-5) (100 microg ml(-1)) on phenylephrine contraction was unaffected in the presence of atropine, N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one and by preincubation with tetrodotoxin, glibenclamide, apamine and charybdotoxin suggesting that mechanisms other than cholinergic, nitrergic, sGC activation or potassium channel opening are probably involved. However, the phasic component of the contraction induced by K+ 60 mM as well as the maximal contraction elicited by increasing external Ca2+ concentrations in depolarized corpora cavernosa was inhibited by F(3-5). We conclude that F(3-5) relaxes the RbCC smooth muscle, at least in part, through a blockade of calcium influx or its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Campos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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10
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Bezerra DP, Castro FO, Alves APNN, Pessoa C, Moraes MO, Silveira ER, Lima MAS, Elmiro FJM, Costa-Lotufo LV. In vivo growth-inhibition of Sarcoma 180 by piplartine and piperine, two alkaloid amides from Piper. Braz J Med Biol Res 2006; 39:801-7. [PMID: 16751987 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006000600014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Piplartine {5,6-dihydro-1-[1-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenyl]-2(1H)pyridinone} and piperine {1-5-(1,3)-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl]piperidine} are alkaloid amides isolated from Piper. Both have been reported to show cytotoxic activity towards several tumor cell lines. In the present study, the in vivo antitumor activity of these compounds was evaluated in 60 female Swiss mice (N = 10 per group) transplanted with Sarcoma 180. Histopathological and morphological analyses of the tumor and the organs, including liver, spleen, and kidney, were performed in order to evaluate the toxicological aspects of the treatment with these amides. Administration of piplartine or piperine (50 or 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1) intraperitoneally for 7 days starting 1 day after inoculation) inhibited solid tumor development in mice transplanted with Sarcoma 180 cells. The inhibition rates were 28.7 and 52.3% for piplartine and 55.1 and 56.8% for piperine, after 7 days of treatment, at the lower and higher doses, respectively. The antitumor activity of piplartine was related to inhibition of the tumor proliferation rate, as observed by reduction of Ki67 staining, a nuclear antigen associated with G1, S, G2, and M cell cycle phases, in tumors from treated animals. However, piperine did not inhibit cell proliferation as observed in Ki67 immunohistochemical analysis. Histopathological analysis of liver and kidney showed that both organs were reversibly affected by piplartine and piperine treatment, but in a different way. Piperine was more toxic to the liver, leading to ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, accompanied by microvesicular steatosis in some areas, than piplartine which, in turn, was more toxic to the kidney, leading to discrete hydropic changes of the proximal tubular and glomerular epithelium and tubular hemorrhage in treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Bezerra
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
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11
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Cavalcanti BC, Costa-Lotufo LV, Moraes MO, Burbano RR, Silveira ER, Cunha KMA, Rao VSN, Moura DJ, Rosa RM, Henriques JAP, Pessoa C. Genotoxicity evaluation of kaurenoic acid, a bioactive diterpenoid present in Copaiba oil. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:388-92. [PMID: 16182426 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Revised: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 08/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Copaiba oil extracted from the Amazon traditional medicinal plant Copaifera langsdorffii is rich in kaurenoic acid (ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid), a diterpene that has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, and diuretic effects in vivo and antimicrobial, smooth muscle relaxant and cytotoxic actions in vitro. This study evaluated its potential genotoxicity against Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) cells in vitro, using the Comet and the micronucleus assays. Kaurenoic acid was tested at concentrations of 2.5, 5,10, 30 and 60 microg/mL. The positive control was the methylmethanesulfonate (MMS). The duration of the treatment of V79 cells with these agents was 3h. The results showed that unlike MMS, kaurenoic acid (2.5, 5, and 10 microg/mL) failed to induce significantly elevated cell DNA damage or the micronucleus frequencies in the studied tests. However, exposure of V79 cells to higher concentrations of kaurenoic acid (30 and 60 microg/mL) caused significant increases in cell damage index and frequency. The data obtained provide support to the view that the diterpene kaurenoic acid induces genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Cavalcanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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12
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Santos FA, Jeferson FA, Santos CC, Silveira ER, Rao VSN. Antinociceptive effect of leaf essential oil from Croton sonderianus in mice. Life Sci 2005; 77:2953-63. [PMID: 15979097 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2004] [Revised: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 05/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The leaf essential oil from Croton sonderianus (EOCS) was evaluated for antinociceptive activity in mice using chemical and thermal models of nociception. Given orally, the essential oil at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg produced significant inhibitions on chemical nociception induced by intraperitoneal acetic acid and subplantar formalin or capsaicin injections. However, it evidenced no efficacy against thermal nociception in hot-plate test. More prominent inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing and capsaicin-induced hind-paw licking responses was observed at 100 and 200 mg/kg of EOCS. At similar doses, the paw licking behavior in formalin test was more potently suppressed during the late phase (20-25 min, inflammatory) than in early phase (0-5 min, neurogenic). The EOCS-induced antinociception in both capsaicin and formalin tests was insensitive to naloxone (1 mg/kg, s.c.), but was significantly antagonized by glibenclamide (2 mg/kg, i.p.). In mice, the essential oil (100 and 200 mg/kg) neither significantly enhanced the pentobarbital-sleeping time nor impaired the motor performance in rota-rod test, indicating that the observed antinociception is unlikely due to sedation or motor abnormality. These results suggest that EOCS produces antinociception possibly involving glibenclamide-sensitive KATP+ channels, which merit further studies on its efficacy in more specific models of hyperalgesia and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Ceará, C.P. 3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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13
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Leal LKAM, Nobre Júnior HV, Cunha GMA, Moraes MO, Pessoa C, Oliveira RA, Silveira ER, Canuto KM, Viana GSB. Amburoside A, a glucoside from Amburana cearensis, protects mesencephalic cells against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity. Neurosci Lett 2005; 388:86-90. [PMID: 16039060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Revised: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 06/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the potential neuroprotective properties of amburoside A, a glucoside isolated from Amburana cearensis, on rat mesencephalic cell cultures exposure to the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The parameters determined were cell viability by the 3[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-il]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, nitric oxide (NO) and free radical formation by the measurement of nitrite concentration and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance (TBARS) formation as an indication of cellular lipid peroxidation. The results showed that AMB was less effective as a curative agent in the MTT assay, since its addition after 6-OHDA did not reverse the neurotoxin's effect, except at the highest concentration (AMB, 100 microg/ml). Similarly, the higher nitrite levels observed after exposure of the cells to 6-OHDA were only partially reversed by AMB, at this highest concentration. However, when AMB (0.5, 1, 10 and 100 microg/ml) was added before the toxin, it appeared to protect neuronal cells against 6-OHDA toxicity in a concentration-dependent manner, as shown by MTT assay. AMB also prevented free radical formation indicated by the increased nitrite concentration induced by 6-OHDA. Cells exposed to 6-OHDA showed a 3.4 times increase in TBARS concentration as compared to controls, and this effect was inhibited from 24% up to 64% by AMB (0.1-100 microg/ml), indicative of a neuroprotective effect. In conclusion, we show that AMB, acting as an antioxidant compound, presents a significant neuroprotective effect, suggesting that this compound could provide benefits as a therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K A M Leal
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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14
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Nunes FM, Barros-Filho BA, de Oliveira MCF, Mafezoli J, Andrade-Neto M, de Mattos MC, Silveira ER, Pirani JR. Total assignment of 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the alkaloid 3,3-diisopentenyl-N-methyl-2,4-quinoldione and novel reaction derivatives. Magn Reson Chem 2005; 43:180-183. [PMID: 15562518 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
One- and two-dimensional NMR experiments were used for the unambiguous assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of 3,3-diisopentenyl-N-methyl-2,4-quinoldione and five novel reaction derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Nunes
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Cx. Postal 6044, Fortaleza-CE, 60021-970, Brazil
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15
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Paiva LAF, Gurgel LA, Campos AR, Silveira ER, Rao VSN. Attenuation of ischemia/reperfusion-induced intestinal injury by oleo-resin from Copaifera langsdorffii in rats. Life Sci 2004; 75:1979-87. [PMID: 15306165 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2003] [Accepted: 05/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Copaifera langsdorffii oleo-resin (CLOR) is a reputed herbal medicine used to combat gastrointestinal functional disorders. Our previous studies show that CLOR prevents gastric ulceration and promotes wound healing. This study examined the effects of CLOR on intestinal damage associated with mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion in rat. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of six in each. Group 1: Sham operated, Group 2: Vehicle + 45 min of ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion (I/R), Groups 3 and 4: I/R + CLOR (200 and 400 mg /kg, p.o., respectively). All treatments were given 24 h, 12 h and 2 h before I/R. Animals were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion period and ileal tissue samples were obtained for biochemical analysis. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an index of polymorphonuclear leukocytes; malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipoperoxidation; catalase (CAT), an antioxidant enzyme; reduced glutathione (GSH), a key antioxidant; and nitrite, a marker of nitric oxide (NO) production were determined in ileum homogenates. The results show that I/R produces a significant increase in MDA content, MPO, and CAT activities with a significant decrease in GSH and an elevation in nitrite production, as compared to sham control. CLOR treatment caused significant attenuations in I/R-associated increases of MPO, MDA and CAT activities and on nitrite level. Besides, CLOR could effectively prevent the I/R-associated depletion of GSH. The data indicate that the oleo-resin has a protective action against I/R-induced intestinal tissue damage, which appeared to be, at least in part, due to an antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A F Paiva
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel Nunes de melo 1127, Post Box- 3157, Porangabussu, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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16
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Paiva LAF, Gurgel LA, De Sousa ET, Silveira ER, Silva RM, Santos FA, Rao VSN. Protective effect of Copaifera langsdorffii oleo-resin against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 93:51-56. [PMID: 15182904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2003] [Revised: 06/01/2003] [Accepted: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The oleo-resin from Copaifera langsdorffii (Leguminosae) was evaluated in rats on acetic acid-induced colitis. Rats were pretreated orally (15 and 2 h) or rectally (2 h) before the induction of colitis with copaiba oleo-resin (200 and 400 mg/kg) or vehicle (1 ml, 2% Tween 80). Colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of a 2 ml of 4% (v/v) acetic acid solution and 24 h later, the colonic mucosal damage was analyzed for the severity of macroscopic colonic damage, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and malondialdehyde levels. A significant reduction in gross damage score and in wet weight/length ratio of colonic tissue were evident in test substance-pretreated animals as compared to vehicle or oleo-resin alone-treated controls. This effect was confirmed biochemically by a reduction in colonic myeloperoxidase activity, the marker of neutrophilic infiltration, and by a marked decrease in malondialdehyde level, an indicator of lipoperoxidation. Furthermore, microscopical examination revealed the diminution of inflammatory cell infiltration, and submucosal edema in the colon segments of rats treated with copaiba oleo-resin. The data indicate the protective effect of copaiba oleo-resin in the animal model of acute colitis possibly through an antioxidant and or anti-lipoperoxidative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A F Paiva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará (FM), Rua Cel Nunes de melo 1127, Caixa Postal 3157, Porangabussu, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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17
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Rao VSN, Paiva LAF, Souza MF, Campos AR, Ribeiro RA, Brito GAC, Teixeira MJ, Silveira ER. Ternatin, an anti-inflammatory flavonoid, inhibits thioglycolate-elicited rat peritoneal neutrophil accumulation and LPS-activated nitric oxide production in murine macrophages. Planta Med 2003; 69:851-853. [PMID: 14598213 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-43213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ternatin, an anti-inflammatory flavonoid from Egletes viscosa Less., was examined for its possible influence on thioglycolate-elicited neutrophil influx into the rat peritoneal cavity in vivo and nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages ex vivo. The neutrophil influx induced by thioglycolate was found to be significantly lower in ternatin (25 and 50 mg/kg, s. c.) pre-treated rats with a similar magnitude of inhibition produced by dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, s. c.), a known anti-inflammatory agent. Also, peritoneal macrophages from ternatin (25 mg/kg)-treated mice that were exposed to LPS demonstrated significantly less production of nitric oxide (NO). These results suggest that ternatin exerts its anti-inflammatory action, at least in part, through inhibition of neutrophil migration and modulation of macrophage function.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S N Rao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel Nunes de Melo 1127, Caixa Postal-3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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18
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Silveira ER, Resende MA, Mariano VS, Coura WA, Alkmim LD, Vianna LB, Starling CE, Cruz GG, Benício LHA, Paula AM, Gomes JA, Santos GD, Macedo MAM, Salum RE, Gontijo M, Rabello AL, Caligiorne RB. Brain abscess caused by Cladophialophora (Xylohypha) bantiana in a renal transplant patient. Transpl Infect Dis 2003; 5:104-7. [PMID: 12974792 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3062.2003.00020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Infectious disease is the most significant cause of morbidity and mortality in allotransplantation because of heavy immunosuppression. Brain abscesses caused by melanized fungi have been found occasionally and are an example of this complication. In this paper, we describe a case in a 61-year-old black man, who received a cadaveric kidney transplantation in December 1993, followed by triple therapy with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone. The patient developed right hemiparesis at the beginning of April 1998. A computed tomography scan showed a mass in the left parieto-temporal region of the brain. The patient underwent surgery and a brown-colored encapsulated brain abscess was resected. Histology of the tissue revealed a large number of pigmented fungal hyphae. Culture in a Sabouraud dextrose medium with cyclohexamide and chloramphenicol at 25 degrees C resulted in the growth of dark-green colonies. The fungus identified was Cladophialophora bantiana, based on characteristic microscopic features and on growth at 40 degrees C. The abscess recurred in spite of treatment with fluconazole. The patient was submitted to a second brain surgical procedure and was treated with amphotericin B in addition to fluconazole. Ten days later the patient's blood cultures became positive for Escherichia coli. After 3 days the patient died due to septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Silveira
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Vera Cruz, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Barbacena 653, 30190-130 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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19
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Leal LKAM, Nechio M, Silveira ER, Canuto KM, Fontenele JB, Ribeiro RA, Viana GSB. Anti-inflammatory and smooth muscle relaxant activities of the hydroalcoholic extract and chemical constituents from Amburana cearensis A C Smith. Phytother Res 2003; 17:335-40. [PMID: 12722135 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Amburana cearensis A. C. Smith, Fagaceae, is a medicinal plant commonly known as 'cumaru' and used in Northeast Brazil for the treatment of respiratory tract diseases. In the present work, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and smooth muscle relaxant activities of the hydroalcoholic extract (HAE), coumarin (Coum) and fl avonoid fraction (FF) isolated from the trunk barks of Amburana cearensis A. C. Smith. It was shown that HAE (200 and 400 mg/kg), Coum (20 and 40 mg/kg) and FF (40 mg/kg), administered orally, significantly inhibited both leukocyte and neutrophil migrations, in the carrageenan or N-formyl-methyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced migration in rat peritoneal cavity. The increase in cutaneous vascular permeability induced by serotonin in rats was significantly blocked by HAE (150 mg/kg, i.p.), Coum (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and FF (20 mg/kg, i.p.). However, only HAE blocked the histamine effect on Evans blue extravasation. In the guinea-pig trachea precontracted with carbachol (0.3 microM), histamine (0.1 microM) or KCl (0.1 M), the HAE, Coum and FF evoked a concentration-dependent relaxation in the presence of the three agonists. HAE (100-800 microg/ml) and Coum (4-32 microg/ml) also caused significant relaxation of the rat vas deferens previously contracted with adrenaline, acetylcholine or barium chloride. In addition, HAE, Coum and FF inhibited the histamine and serotonin-induced increase of cutaneous vascular permeability in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K A M Leal
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
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20
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de Alencar Cunha KM, Paiva LAF, Santos FA, Gramosa NV, Silveira ER, Rao VSN. Smooth muscle relaxant effect of kaurenoic acid, a diterpene from Copaifera langsdorffii on rat uterus in vitro. Phytother Res 2003; 17:320-4. [PMID: 12722132 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The effect of kaurenoic acid, a diterpene isolated from the oleo-resin of the popular medicinal plant Copaifera langsdorffii (Leguminaceae), was analysed on rat uterine muscle responsiveness to various drugs in vitro. Cumulative concentration-response curves to acetylcholine and oxytocin were obtained before and after incubation of uterine segments with up to 160 microm of kaurenoic acid. The maximal contractile response (E(max)) evoked by these agonists was inhibited by kaurenoic acid in a concentration-related manner; at 160 microm, kaurenoic acid depressed the E(max) of oxytocin and acetylcholine by 83% and 91%, respectively. The relaxation caused by kaurenoic acid on oxytocin-induced contraction was unaffected in the presence of tetraethyl ammonium, a compound that blocks the calcium activated potassium channels. It was partially reversed by glibenclamide (10(-5) m), an ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker. Also, kaurenoic acid at 160 microm concentration was found to inhibit significantly the CaCl(2)-evoked contractile responses in a medium of high potassium and zero calcium. Furthermore, kaurenoic acid was found to relax the sustained tonic contraction induced by acetylcholine, oxytocin, BaCl(2) and KCl in a concentration-dependent way. However, KCl-induced tonic contraction was only weakly inhibited by kaurenoic acid. These data indicate that the diterpene, kaurenoic acid, exerts a uterine relaxant effect acting principally through calcium blockade and in part, by the opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M de Alencar Cunha
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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21
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Paiva LA, Gurgel LA, Silva RM, Tomé AR, Gramosa NV, Silveira ER, Santos FA, Rao VS. Anti-inflammatory effect of kaurenoic acid, a diterpene from Copaifera langsdorffii on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2002; 39:303-7. [PMID: 14567068 DOI: 10.1016/s1537-1891(03)00028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Kaurenoic acid, a diterpene from Copaifera langsdorffii (Leguminaceae), was evaluated on rat colitis induced by acetic acid. Rats were pretreated orally (15 and 2 h before) or rectally 2 h before induction of colitis with kaurenoic acid (50 and 100 mg/kg) or vehicle (1 ml, 3% DMSO). Colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of a 2 ml of 4% (v/v) acetic acid solution and, 24 h later, the colonic mucosal damage was analysed macroscopically for the severity of mucosal damage, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the colon segments. A marked reduction in gross damage score (52% and 42%) and wet weight of damaged colon tissue (39% and 32%) were observed in rats that received 100 mg/kg kaurenoic acid, respectively, by rectal and oral routes. This effect was confirmed biochemically by a two- to three-fold reduction of colitis associated increase in MPO activity, the marker of neutrophilic infiltration and by a marked decrease in MDA level, an indicator of lipoperoxidation in colon tissue. Furthermore, light microscopy revealed the marked diminution of inflammatory cell infiltration and submucosal edema formation in the colon segments of rats treated with the test compound. These findings indicate the anti-inflammatory potential of kaurenoic acid in acetic acid-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Paiva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel Nunes de Melo, 1127, C.P. 3157, Porangabussu, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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22
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Paiva LAF, de Alencar Cunha KM, Santos FA, Gramosa NV, Silveira ER, Rao VSN. Investigation on the wound healing activity of oleo-resin from Copaifera langsdorffi in rats. Phytother Res 2002; 16:737-9. [PMID: 12458476 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The wound healing activity of oleo-resin from Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Leguminaceae) bark was evaluated in rats on experimental wounds. The oleo-resin was tested by monitoring wound contraction in excised wounds and by measuring tensile strength in healing incision wounds. The topical application of oleo-resin at a concentration of 4% accelerated wound contraction in open wounds. The mean values of wound contraction in oleo-resin treated rats on day 9 was 84.05% +/- 2.37% as against 51.29% +/- 9.54% seen in controls and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). No significant differences in the rates of wound contraction were observed on days 12, 15, 18 and 21. Also, the tensile strength in healing incised wounds was found to be significantly higher in the group of animals treated with 4% oleo-resin on day 5 but not on days 7 and 12 (controls: 35.95 +/- 7.44 g/cm; oleo-resin: 71.48 +/- 5.77 g/cm; p < 0.05). These results indicate the beneficial effect of C. langsdorffii oleo-resin on wound healing and justify its traditional use for the treatment of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A F Paiva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, C.P. 3157, 60430-270, Fortaleza. CE, Brasil
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Guedes MM, Cunha AN, Silveira ER, Rao VS. Antinociceptive and gastroprotective effects of diterpenes from the flower buds of Egletes viscosa. Planta Med 2002; 68:1044-1046. [PMID: 12451501 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-35664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Centipedic acid and 12-acetoxy-hawtriwaic acid lactone, diterpenes isolated from the flower buds of Egletes viscosa (Asteraceae) were assayed for antinociceptive and gastroprotective activities in animal models of nociception and gastric ulcer. In the chemical nociception induced in mice by intraperitoneal acetic acid and subplantar formalin injections, both diterpenes (25 and 50 mg/kg, p. o.) exerted potent antinociception in a manner similar to indomethacin (5 mg/kg, p. o.). In the formalin test, only the late phase nociceptive response (20 - 25 min) and not the early phase response (0 - 5 min) was inhibited by these diterpenes. However, these compounds were found to be ineffective against thermal nociception in the hot-plate test. Further, the diterpenes reduced the severity of absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. At the dose of 50 mg/kg, both centipedic acid and 12-acetoxy hawtriwaic acid suppressed the gastric lesions by 53 % and 63 %, respectively. Against the gastric ulceration induced by indomethacin, only centipedic acid (25 and 50 mg/kg) showed significant inhibition by about 47 - 49 %. The data suggested the gastroprotective and peripheral analgesic properties of diterpenes isolated from E. viscosa.
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Costa-Lotufo LV, Cunha GMA, Farias PAM, Viana GSB, Cunha KMA, Pessoa C, Moraes MO, Silveira ER, Gramosa NV, Rao VSN. The cytotoxic and embryotoxic effects of kaurenoic acid, a diterpene isolated from Copaifera langsdorffii oleo-resin. Toxicon 2002; 40:1231-234. [PMID: 12165328 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(02)00128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we studied the effects of kaurenoic acid, a diterpene isolated from the oleo-resin of Copaifera langsdorffii in developing sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) embryos, on tumor cell growth in microculture tetrazolium (MTT) test and on mouse and human erythrocytes in hemolysis assay. Continuous exposure of embryos to kaurenoic acid starting immediately after fertilization inhibited the first cleavage (IC(50): 84.2 microM) and progressively induced embryo destruction (IC(50): 44.7 microM and < 10 microM for blastulae and larvae stages, respectively). In MTT assay, kaurenoic acid at a concentration of 78 microM produced growth inhibition of CEM leukemic cells by 95%, MCF-7 breast and HCT-8 colon cancer cells by 45% each. Further, kaurenoic acid induced a dose-dependent hemolysis of mouse and human erythrocytes with an EC(50) of 74.0 and 56.4 microM, respectively. The destruction of sea urchin embryos, the inhibition of tumor cell growth and the hemolysis of mouse and human erythrocytes indicate the potential cytotoxicity of kaurenoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel Nunes de Melo, 1127, P.O. Box 3157, 60430-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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25
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Abstract
The leaves of Calotropis procera yielded an organic carbonate (1), along with stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol, identified by spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Gallegos Olea
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, Campus do Bacanga, CEP 65080-040, MA, São Luís, Brazil.
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Silveira ER, Naves MM, Vannucchi H, Jordão Júnior AA, Dagli ML, Moreno FS. Vitamin A and all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acids inhibit cell proliferation during the progression phase of hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats. Nutr Cancer 2002; 39:244-51. [PMID: 11759288 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc392_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects of vitamin A and all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acids on the progression phase of hepatocarcinogenesis were evaluated in this study. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were first submitted to the resistant hepatocyte model of carcinogenesis (diethylnitrosamine for initiation and 2-acetylaminofluorene for selection/promotion). Ten months after initiation, the animals were distributed into four groups and treated by gavage, every other day and during eight weeks, with corn oil (control group), vitamin A (10 mg/kg of body wt), all-trans retinoic acid (10 mg/kg body wt), or 9-cis retinoic acid (10 mg/kg body wt). After this period, the animals were killed one hour after intraperitoneal administration of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU, 100 mg/kg body wt). At the time of sacrifice, liver samples were collected for histopathological (hematoxylin-eosin) examination and immunohistochemical detection of glutathione S-transferase and BrdU, as well as for analysis of retinol and retinoic acid concentrations. Histopathological examination showed the lowest incidence of hepatocarcinomas in vitamin A-treated animals. Moreover, groups treated with retinoids demonstrated lower hepatic BrdU labeling indexes in the neoplastic lesions, as well as in their respective surrounding tissues, than controls. Thus vitamin A and all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid strongly inhibited cell proliferation when administered during the progression phase of hepatocarcinogenesis. Therefore, the anticarcinogenic effects that have been attributed to these retinoids could be partially related to their capacity of inhibiting in vivo cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Silveira
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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Abstract
The polar portion of an ethanol extract of Bredemeyera brevifolia yielded two pentaoxygenated xanthones whose structures were determined as 1-methoxy-2,3,7,8-dimethylenedioxyxanthone, and 1,7,8-trimethoxy-2,3-methylene-dioxyxanthone. The apolar fraction contained various known fatty acids, structure determinations were accomplished by spectral analysis, mainly NMR, chemical derivatization and comparison to literature values.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Abstract
Ten compounds derived from plants indigenous to Northeast Brazil were examined for antiproliferative effects on human cells in vitro. The effects of these phytochemicals on cell growth were determined by the MTT microtitre assay with 3-day continuous drug exposure. Three human cell lines were used: CEM leukaemia, SW1573 lung tumour and CCD922 normal skin fibroblasts. Four active compounds were found with IC(50) values less than 10 microg/mL in the two cancer cell lines. Oncocalyxones A and C, both 1,4-anthracenediones from Auxemma oncocalyx (Boraginaceae), showed cytotoxicity with mean IC(50) values of 0.8-2, 7-8 and 12-13 microg/mL against CEM, SW1573 and CCD922, respectively. One diterpene and one flavonoid, both from Egletes viscosa (Compositae), were also active. 12-Acetoxy-hawtriwaic acid lactone was cytotoxic with mean IC(50) values of 6, 10 and 10 microg/mL, respectively. 4,5-Dihydroxy-3,3,7, 8-tetramethoxy flavone (ternatin) was only growth-inhibitory with mean IC(50) values of 2, 1 and 10 microg/mL, respectively. These four most active compounds were examined further for their effects on DNA integrity and on DNA synthesis. All but ternatin caused substantial DNA damage and marked inhibition of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation within 24 h. This study demonstrated the antiproliferative activity of four novel phytochemicals, three of which are DNA-reactive and inhibit DNA synthesis. Further studies are warranted to evaluate these compounds for antitumour potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, P.O. Box 3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The social conditions under which migrants to the UK live may be more significant than the experience of migration itself in leading to increased risk of mental illness. We aimed to compare the prevalence of mental, physical and social health problems in elderly Somalis, Bengalis and whites living in a deprived inner London area and examine associations between environmental circumstances, social support, physical health status, mood and life satisfaction in these groups. In addition, we wanted to test the hypothesis that differences in mental health between immigrants and whites are explained by social disadvantages rather than ethnicity. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey with participants drawn from age-sex registers of general practices, augmented by other sources. SETTING East London--'first-generation' Somali and Bengali immigrants and white British. SUBJECTS A total of 274 people aged 60+ years: 72 Somalis, 75 Bengalis and 127 whites. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression Scale (SAD), Life Satisfaction Index (LSI). High SAD scores indicate more anxiety and depression symptoms; high LSI scores indicate greater life satisfaction. MAIN RESULTS Highest SAD scores were found among Bengalis; lowest LSI scores were found among Bengalis and Somalis. The prevalences of depression (SAD score 6+) were 25% in Somalis, 77% in Bengalis and 25% in east London whites. Physical health status and SAD scores were associated in Somalis (r = +0.31, p < or = 0.01). Bengalis (r = +0.47, p < or = 0.001) and east London whites (r = +0.27, p < or = 0.01). Physical health problems also related to lower LSI scores in Somalis (r = -0.24, p < or = 0.05) and east London whites (r = -0.24, p < or = 0.01). Social factors (i.e. poor housing conditions, low family support and reported need of community services) were strongly associated with SAD scores among Somalis (r = +0.5, p < or = 0.001) and, to a lesser extent, among Bengalis (r = +0.33, p < or = 0.01). Ethnicity (i.e. being an immigrant as opposed to a non-immigrant) became a statistically non-significant risk factor for high SAD scores after adjusting for the effects of age, weekly income, physical health and social problems (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.5-1.1, p = 0.09). A residual, but much attenuated effect for ethnicity on LSI scores persisted in the estimated model after controlling for the same set of independent risk factors (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.4-1, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION The marked variation in mental health between ethnic groups in east London might be a reflection of socioeconomic and health differentials acting concomitantly and adversely. Inequalities in housing, social support, income and physical health status accounted for variation in mood observed between immigrants and whites, and may partly explain differences in life satisfaction. These results seem to support a 'multiple jeopardy' theory of ageing in ethnic minorities in east London. Greater efforts are needed to recognize anxiety and depression in immigrant elders. Better social support and housing among 'minority ethnic' elders who live alone might be expected to alleviate social stress and improve mental health and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Silveira
- Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free Medical School, London, UK
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Paiva LA, Rao VS, Gramosa NV, Silveira ER. Gastroprotective effect of Copaifera langsdorffii oleo-resin on experimental gastric ulcer models in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1998; 62:73-78. [PMID: 9720615 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(98)00058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of oleo-resin obtained from the stem bark of Copaifera langsdorffii on ethanol, indomethacin and hypothermic restraint-stress induced gastric lesions were studied in rats. Oral administration of oleo-resin at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg provided dose-dependent significant protection against gastric damage caused by ethanol and restraint stress, and at a dose of 400 mg/kg it also prevented the gastric ulceration induced by indomethacin. Further, in the 4 h pylorus ligated rats, the accumulation of gastric juice volume and the mucus secretion was significantly enhanced by oleo-resin whereas the total acidity was inhibited. These results highlight the gastroprotective potential of C. langsdorffii oleo-resin and the need for a systematic study on this traditional remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Paiva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará (CCS), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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31
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Farias RA, Rao VS, Viana GS, Silveira ER, Maciel MA, Pinto AC. Hypoglycemic effect of trans-dehydrocrotonin, a nor-clerodane diterpene from Croton cajucara. Planta Med 1997; 63:558-560. [PMID: 9434613 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
trans-Dehydrocrotonin (t-DCTN), a 19-nor-clerodane diterpene isolated from the bark of Croton cajucara Benth. (Euphorbiaceae) demonstrated a significant hypoglycemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats but not in normal rats, at oral doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight. The drug also effectively lowered the blood sugar levels in glucose fed normal rats. The hypoglycemic effect of t-DCTN was almost comparable to that produced by glibenclamide (2 mg/kg), a clinically useful drug. The results indicate the antihyperglycemic potential of t-DCTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Farias
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brasil
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Santos FA, Rao VS, Silveira ER. The leaf essential oil of Psidium guyanensis offers protection against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. Planta Med 1997; 63:133-135. [PMID: 9140226 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil obtained from the leaves of Psidium guyanensis Pers. (Myrtaceae) was studied against lethal seizures induced by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazole (80 mg/kg), picroptoxin (6 mg/kg), and strychnine (2 mg/kg) in mice. At oral doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, the essential oil attenuated the severity of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures and offered a dose-related protection but it was found to be ineffective against convulsions induced by picrotoxin and strychnine. The blockade of its protective effect on pentylenetetrazole lethal seizures by caffeine (10 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) suggests a probable participation of endogenous adenosine in its mechanism. Furthermore, a peripheral mechanism also appears to be involved as the essential oil (5-20 micrograms/ml) was able to block selectively the acetylcholine (1.65 x 10(-6) M) induced contractions but not those evoked by high potassium (80 mM) or caffeine (2 x 10(-3) M) on isolated toad rectus abdominis muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
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Rao VS, Santos FA, Sobreira TT, Souza MF, Melo CL, Silveira ER. Investigations on the gastroprotective and antidiarrhoeal properties of ternatin, a tetramethoxyflavone from Egletes viscosa. Planta Med 1997; 63:146-149. [PMID: 9140229 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to verify the gastroprotective and antidiarrhoeal effects of ternatin, tetramethoxyflavone isolated from Egletes viscosa Less. The gastroprotective function of ternatin was evaluated in rats against gastric mucosal damage induced by hypothermic restraint stress, absolute ethanol, and indomethacin, whereas the antidiarrhoeal activity was investigated by studying its influence on gastrointestinal transit as measured by a charcoal marker and on castor oil-induced accumulation of intestinal fluid in mice and also on contractile responses evoked by acetylcholine, histamine, serotonin, and barium chloride in isolated guinea-pig ileum. The results demonstrate that pretreatment of animals with the plant flavonoid (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) produces a significant inhibition of gastric lesions induced by ethanol but not those induced by restraint stress or indomethacin and suggest a probable involvement of a prostaglandins-independent mechanism of gastroprotection. At similar doses, both the intestinal transit as well as the accumulation of intestinal fluids induced by castor oil in mice were significantly inhibited by ternatin. Furthermore, the flavonoid antagonised the contractile responses evoked by different agonists on guinea-pig ileum in vitro and its inhibitory potential for the drugs are in the order of acetylcholine > histamine > serotonin > barium chloride. Taken together, these results point out a possible antidiarrhoeal effect of ternatin since inhibition of intestinal motility and secretion can greatly control clinical diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Rao
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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34
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Abstract
The steam volatile components from the hexane extract of dried flower buds of Egletes viscosa were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as trans-carvyl acetate, cis-carvyl acetate, sabinyl acetate, verbenyl acetate, cyclopentaethylidene, geranyl acetate and 5-methylfuranone, and trans-pinocarvyl acetate (major component). From the non-volatile residue, centipedic acid and a novel clerodane diterpene, 12-acetoxy-hawtriwaic acid lactone, were isolated. From the ethanol extract, ternatin (4',5-dihidroxy-3,3',7,8-tetramethoxyflavone), was isolated. Ternatin showed anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotection and gastroprotection properties, and, according to the NCI protocols, it showed moderate activity against HIV. The diterpenes showed antispasmodic activity. Structure determination of these secondary metabolites was accomplished by spectrometric methods, including 2D NMR, chemical interconversion and X-ray crystallographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Lima
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Química Orgânica, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Rao VS, Figueiredo EG, Melo CL, Viana GS, Menezes DB, Matos MS, Silveira ER. Protective effect of ternatin, a flavonoid isolated from Egletes viscosa less., in experimental liver injury. Pharmacology 1994; 48:392-7. [PMID: 7914024 DOI: 10.1159/000139206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ternatin, a tetramethoxyflavone from Egletes viscosa Less., on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was investigated in rats. Twenty-four hours following CCl4 insult (2.5 ml/kg s.c.), changes in the serum enzymes, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, as well as liver cell histology were used as indices of hepatic dysfunction. The results show that ternatin (30 mg/kg i.p. daily for 5 consecutive days) causes marked inhibition of CCl4-induced serum enzymes and morbid histologic changes. The observation suggests that ternatin possesses antihepatotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Rao
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- J D McChesney
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University 38677
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Andrade CH, Fo RB, Gottlieb OR, Silveira ER. The chemistry of Brazilian polygalaceae I. Xanthones from polygala spectabilis. Lloydia 1977; 40:344-6. [PMID: 895394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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