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Chen PB, Chen R, LaPierre N, Chen Z, Mefford J, Marcus E, Heffel MG, Soto DC, Ernst J, Luo C, Flint J. Complementation testing identifies genes mediating effects at quantitative trait loci underlying fear-related behavior. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100545. [PMID: 38697120 PMCID: PMC11099346 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Knowing the genes involved in quantitative traits provides an entry point to understanding the biological bases of behavior, but there are very few examples where the pathway from genetic locus to behavioral change is known. To explore the role of specific genes in fear behavior, we mapped three fear-related traits, tested fourteen genes at six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by quantitative complementation, and identified six genes. Four genes, Lamp, Ptprd, Nptx2, and Sh3gl, have known roles in synapse function; the fifth, Psip1, was not previously implicated in behavior; and the sixth is a long non-coding RNA, 4933413L06Rik, of unknown function. Variation in transcriptome and epigenetic modalities occurred preferentially in excitatory neurons, suggesting that genetic variation is more permissible in excitatory than inhibitory neuronal circuits. Our results relieve a bottleneck in using genetic mapping of QTLs to uncover biology underlying behavior and prompt a reconsideration of expected relationships between genetic and functional variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathan LaPierre
- Department of Computer Science, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zeyuan Chen
- Department of Computer Science, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel Mefford
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emilie Marcus
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew G Heffel
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniela C Soto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Ernst
- Department of Computer Science, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chongyuan Luo
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Lark AR, Nass SR, Hahn YK, Gao B, Milne GL, Knapp PE, Hauser KF. HIV-1 Tat and morphine interactions dynamically shift striatal monoamine levels and exploratory behaviors over time. J Neurochem 2024; 168:185-204. [PMID: 38308495 PMCID: PMC10922901 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite the advent of combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART), nearly half of people infected with HIV treated with cART still exhibit HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HAND can be worsened by co-morbid opioid use disorder. The basal ganglia are particularly vulnerable to HIV-1 and exhibit higher viral loads and more severe pathology, which can be exacerbated by co-exposure to opioids. Evidence suggests that dopaminergic neurotransmission is disrupted by HIV exposure, however, little is known about whether co-exposure to opioids may alter neurotransmitter levels in the striatum and if this in turn influences behavior. Therefore, we assayed motor, anxiety-like, novelty-seeking, exploratory, and social behaviors, and levels of monoamines and their metabolites following 2 weeks and 2 months of Tat and/or morphine exposure in transgenic mice. Morphine decreased dopamine levels, but significantly elevated norepinephrine, the dopamine metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), and the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, which typically correlated with increased locomotor behavior. The combination of Tat and morphine altered dopamine, DOPAC, and HVA concentrations differently depending on the neurotransmitter/metabolite and duration of exposure but did not affect the numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the mesencephalon. Tat exposure increased the latency to interact with novel conspecifics, but not other novel objects, suggesting the viral protein inhibits exploratory behavior initiation in a context-dependent manner. By contrast, and consistent with prior findings that opioid misuse can increase novelty-seeking behavior, morphine exposure increased the time spent exploring a novel environment. Finally, Tat and morphine interacted to affect locomotor activity in a time-dependent manner, while grip strength and rotarod performance were unaffected. Together, our results provide novel insight into the unique effects of HIV-1 Tat and morphine on monoamine neurochemistry that may underlie their divergent effects on motor and exploratory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Benlian Gao
- Neurochemistry Core, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University
| | - Ginger L. Milne
- Neurochemistry Core, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University
| | - Pamela E. Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Kurt F. Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University
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3
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Zald DH. The influence of dopamine autoreceptors on temperament and addiction risk. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105456. [PMID: 37926241 PMCID: PMC11330662 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
As a major regulator of dopamine (DA), DA autoreceptors (DAARs) exert substantial influence over DA-mediated behaviors. This paper reviews the physiological and behavioral impact of DAARs. Individual differences in DAAR functioning influences temperamental traits such as novelty responsivity and impulsivity, both of which are associated with vulnerability to addictive behavior in animal models and a broad array of externalizing behaviors in humans. DAARs additionally impact the response to psychostimulants and other drugs of abuse. Human PET studies of D2-like receptors in the midbrain provide evidence for parallels to the animal literature. These data lead to the proposal that weak DAAR regulation is a risk factor for addiction and externalizing problems. The review highlights the potential to build translational models of the functional role of DAARs in behavior. It also draws attention to key limitations in the current literature that would need to be addressed to further advance a weak DAAR regulation model of addiction and externalizing risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Zald
- Center for Advanced Human Brain Imaging and Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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4
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Tyree SM, Jennings KJ, Gonzalez OC, Li SB, Nicholson JR, von Heimendahl M, de Lecea L. Optogenetic and pharmacological interventions link hypocretin neurons to impulsivity in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:74. [PMID: 36658362 PMCID: PMC9852239 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the lateral hypothalamus expressing the neuropeptide Hypocretin, also known as orexin, are known critical modulators of arousal stability. However, their role in the different components of the arousal construct such as attention and decision making is poorly understood. Here we study Hypocretin neuronal circuit dynamics during stop action impulsivity in a Go/NoGo task in mice. We show that Hypocretin neuronal activity correlates with anticipation of reward. We then assessed the causal role of Hypocretin neuronal activity using optogenetics in a Go/NoGo task. We show that stimulation of Hypocretin neurons during the cue period dramatically increases the number of premature responses. These effects are mimicked by amphetamine, reduced by atomoxetine, a norepinephrine uptake inhibitor, and blocked by a Hypocretin receptor 1 selective antagonist. We conclude that Hypocretin neurons have a key role in the integration of salient stimuli during wakefulness to produce appropriate and timely responses to rewarding and aversive cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Tyree
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA ,Present Address: Atlantia Clinical Trials, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kimberly J. Jennings
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.55460.320000000121548364Present Address: University of Texas, Austin, TX USA
| | - Oscar C. Gonzalez
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Shi-bin Li
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Janet R. Nicholson
- grid.420061.10000 0001 2171 7500Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Moritz von Heimendahl
- grid.420061.10000 0001 2171 7500Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Luis de Lecea
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
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5
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Yang Z, Zhang W, Lu H, Cai S. Methylglyoxal in the Brain: From Glycolytic Metabolite to Signalling Molecule. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227905. [PMID: 36432007 PMCID: PMC9696358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology technology have piqued tremendous interest in glycometabolism and bioenergetics in homeostasis and neural development linked to ageing and age-related diseases. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a by-product of glycolysis, and it can covalently modify proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, leading to cell growth inhibition and, eventually, cell death. MGO can alter intracellular calcium homeostasis, which is a major cell-permeant precursor to advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). As side-products or signalling molecules, MGO is involved in several pathologies, including neurodevelopmental disorders, ageing, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we demonstrate that MGO (the metabolic side-product of glycolysis), the GLO system, and their analogous relationship with behavioural phenotypes, epigenetics, ageing, pain, and CNS degeneration. Furthermore, we summarise several therapeutic approaches that target MGO and the glyoxalase (GLO) system in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Huashan Rd. 1961, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (S.C.)
| | - Wangping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women and Children’s Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 2468 Zhonghuan East Road, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Han Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shu Cai
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510310, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (S.C.)
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6
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Piszczek L, Constantinescu A, Kargl D, Lazovic J, Pekcec A, Nicholson JR, Haubensak W. Dissociation of impulsive traits by subthalamic metabotropic glutamate receptor 4. eLife 2022; 11:62123. [PMID: 34982027 PMCID: PMC8803315 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral strategies require gating of premature responses to optimize outcomes. Several brain areas control impulsive actions, but the neuronal basis of natural variation in impulsivity between individuals remains largely unknown. Here, by combining a Go/No-Go behavioral assay with resting-state (rs) functional MRI in mice, we identified the subthalamic nucleus (STN), a known gate for motor control in the basal ganglia, as a major hotspot for trait impulsivity. In vivo recorded STN neural activity encoded impulsive action as a separable state from basic motor control, characterized by decoupled STN/substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) mesoscale networks. Optogenetic modulation of STN activity bidirectionally controlled impulsive behavior. Pharmacological and genetic manipulations showed that these impulsive actions are modulated by metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4) function in STN and its coupling to SNr in a behavioral trait-dependent manner, and independently of general motor function. In conclusion, STN circuitry multiplexes motor control and trait impulsivity, which are molecularly dissociated by mGlu4. This provides a potential mechanism for the genetic modulation of impulsive behavior, a clinically relevant predictor for developing psychiatric disorders associated with impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Piszczek
- The Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Department of Neuroscience, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreea Constantinescu
- The Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Department of Neuroscience, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominic Kargl
- The Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Department of Neuroscience, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neuronal Cell Biology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jelena Lazovic
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities (VBCF), Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Pekcec
- Div Research Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Janet R Nicholson
- Div Research Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Wulf Haubensak
- The Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Department of Neuroscience, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neuronal Cell Biology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Negrón-Moreno PN, Diep DT, Guoynes CD, Sidorov MS. Dissociating motor impairment from five-choice serial reaction time task performance in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:968159. [PMID: 36212189 PMCID: PMC9539753 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.968159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a single-gene neurodevelopmental disorder associated with cognitive and motor impairment, seizures, lack of speech, and disrupted sleep. AS is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the UBE3A gene, and approaches to reinstate functional UBE3A are currently in clinical trials in children. Behavioral testing in a mouse model of AS (Ube3a m-/p+ ) represents an important tool to assess the effectiveness of current and future treatments preclinically. Existing behavioral tests effectively model motor impairments, but not cognitive impairments, in Ube3a m-/p+ mice. Here we tested the hypothesis that the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) can be used to assess cognitive behaviors in Ube3a m-/p+ mice. Ube3a m-/p+ mice had more omissions during 5CSRTT training than wild-type littermate controls, but also showed impaired motor function including open field hypoactivity and delays in eating pellet rewards. Motor impairments thus presented an important confound for interpreting this group difference in omissions. We report that despite hypoactivity during habituation, Ube3a m-/p+ mice had normal response latencies to retrieve rewards during 5CSRTT training. We also accounted for delays in eating pellet rewards by assessing omissions solely on trials where eating delays would not impact results. Thus, the increase in omissions in Ube3a m-/p+ mice is likely not caused by concurrent motor impairments. This work underscores the importance of considering how known motor impairments in Ube3a m-/p+ mice may affect behavioral performance in other domains. Our results also provide guidance on how to design a 5CSRTT protocol that is best suited for future studies in Ube3a mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola N Negrón-Moreno
- University of Puerto Rico-Cayey, Cayey, PR, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - David T Diep
- University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Caleigh D Guoynes
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Michael S Sidorov
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.,Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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8
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Bailey LS, Bagley JR, Dodd R, Olson A, Bolduc M, Philip VM, Reinholdt LG, Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Tarantino L, Gagnon L, Chesler EJ, Jentsch JD. Heritable variation in locomotion, reward sensitivity and impulsive behaviors in a genetically diverse inbred mouse panel. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 20:e12773. [PMID: 34672075 PMCID: PMC9044817 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse, including alcohol and stimulants like cocaine, produce effects that are subject to individual variability, and genetic variation accounts for at least a portion of those differences. Notably, research in both animal models and human subjects point toward reward sensitivity and impulsivity as being trait characteristics that predict relatively greater positive subjective responses to stimulant drugs. Here we describe use of the eight collaborative cross (CC) founder strains and 38 (reversal learning) or 10 (all other tests) CC strains to examine the heritability of reward sensitivity and impulsivity traits, as well as genetic correlations between these measures and existing addiction-related phenotypes. Strains were all tested for activity in an open field and reward sensitivity (intake of chocolate BOOST®). Mice were then divided into two counterbalanced groups and underwent reversal learning (impulsive action and waiting impulsivity) or delay discounting (impulsive choice). CC and founder mice show significant heritability for impulsive action, impulsive choice, waiting impulsivity, locomotor activity, and reward sensitivity, with each impulsive phenotype determined to be non-correlating, independent traits. This research was conducted within the broader, inter-laboratory effort of the Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction (CSNA) to characterize CC and DO mice for multiple, cocaine abuse related traits. These data will facilitate the discovery of genetic correlations between predictive traits, which will then guide discovery of genes and genetic variants that contribute to addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Bailey
- State University of New York - Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Jared R Bagley
- State University of New York - Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Rainy Dodd
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Stacey J Sukoff Rizzo
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa Tarantino
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - James David Jentsch
- State University of New York - Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
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9
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Early environmental enrichment and impoverishment differentially affect addiction-related behavioral traits, cocaine-taking, and dopamine D 2/3 receptor signaling in a rat model of vulnerability to drug abuse. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:3543-3557. [PMID: 34463825 PMCID: PMC8629910 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Risk factors for drug addiction include genetics, environment, and behavioral traits such as impulsivity and novelty preference (NP), which have been related to deficits in striatal dopamine (DA) D2/3-receptors (D2/3R) and heightened amphetamine (AMPH)-induced DA release. However, the influence of the early rearing environment on these behavioral and neurochemical variables is not clear. OBJECTIVES We investigated the influence of early rearing environment on striatal D2/3R availabilities and AMPH-induced DA release in relation to impulsivity, NP, and propensity to drug self-administration (SA) in "addiction-prone" Roman high- (RHA) and "addiction-resistant" Roman low-avoidance (RLA) rats. METHODS Animals were reared post-weaning in either environmental enrichment (EE) or impoverishment (EI) and were assessed at adulthood for impulsivity, NP, and propensity to cocaine SA. EE and EI rats were also scanned using single-photon emission computed tomography to concurrently measure in vivo striatal D2/3R availability and AMPH-induced DA release. RESULTS EE vs. EI was associated with heightened impulsivity and a lack of NP in both rat lines. Higher dorsal striatal D2/3R densities were found in RHA EE and higher AMPH-induced DA release in RLA EE. Both impulsivity and NP were negatively correlated to dorsal striatal D2/3R availabilities and positively correlated with AMPH-induced DA release in EI but not in EE. EE vs. EI was related to a faster rate of cocaine intake and elevated active timeout responses in RHAs. CONCLUSION Our results suggest non-monotonic, environment-dependent, relationships between impulsivity, NP, and D2/3R-mediated signaling, and suggest that EI vs. EE may decrease the reinforcing effects of psychostimulants in predisposed individuals.
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10
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Bellés L, Dimiziani A, Tsartsalis S, Millet P, Herrmann FR, Ginovart N. Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Availabilities and Evoked Dopamine Release in Striatum Differentially Predict Impulsivity and Novelty Preference in Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 24:239-251. [PMID: 33151278 PMCID: PMC7968620 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity and novelty preference are both associated with an increased propensity to develop addiction-like behaviors, but their relationship and respective underlying dopamine (DA) underpinnings are not fully elucidated. METHODS We evaluated a large cohort (n = 49) of Roman high- and low-avoidance rats using single photon emission computed tomography to concurrently measure in vivo striatal D2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability and amphetamine (AMPH)-induced DA release in relation to impulsivity and novelty preference using a within-subject design. To further examine the DA-dependent processes related to these traits, midbrain D2/3-autoreceptor levels were measured using ex vivo autoradiography in the same animals. RESULTS We replicated a robust inverse relationship between impulsivity, as measured with the 5-choice serial reaction time task, and D2/3R availability in ventral striatum and extended this relationship to D2/3R levels measured in dorsal striatum. Novelty preference was positively related to impulsivity and showed inverse associations with D2/3R availability in dorsal striatum and ventral striatum. A high magnitude of AMPH-induced DA release in striatum predicted both impulsivity and novelty preference, perhaps owing to the diminished midbrain D2/3-autoreceptor availability measured in high-impulsive/novelty-preferring Roman high-avoidance animals that may amplify AMPH effect on DA transmission. Mediation analyses revealed that while D2/3R availability and AMPH-induced DA release in striatum are both significant predictors of impulsivity, the effect of striatal D2/3R availability on novelty preference is fully mediated by evoked striatal DA release. CONCLUSIONS Impulsivity and novelty preference are related but mediated by overlapping, yet dissociable, DA-dependent mechanisms in striatum that may interact to promote the emergence of an addiction-prone phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Bellés
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Stergios Tsartsalis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland,Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Millet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland,Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Herrmann
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Ginovart
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland,Correspondence: Nathalie Ginovart, PhD, Departments of Psychiatry and Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room E07-2550A, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland ()
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11
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Genetic Variation in CNS Myelination and Functional Brain Connectivity in Recombinant Inbred Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092119. [PMID: 32961889 PMCID: PMC7564997 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelination greatly increases the speed of action potential propagation of neurons, thereby enhancing the efficacy of inter-neuronal communication and hence, potentially, optimizing the brain’s signal processing capability. The impact of genetic variation on the extent of axonal myelination and its consequences for brain functioning remain to be determined. Here we investigated this question using a genetic reference panel (GRP) of mouse BXD recombinant inbred (RI) strains, which partly model genetic diversity as observed in human populations, and which show substantial genetic differences in a variety of behaviors, including learning, memory and anxiety. We found coherent differences in the expression of myelin genes in brain tissue of RI strains of the BXD panel, with the largest differences in the hippocampus. The parental C57BL/6J (C57) and DBA/2J (DBA) strains were on opposite ends of the expression spectrum, with C57 showing higher myelin transcript expression compared with DBA. Our experiments showed accompanying differences between C57 and DBA in myelin protein composition, total myelin content, and white matter conduction velocity. Finally, the hippocampal myelin gene expression of the BXD strains correlated significantly with behavioral traits involving anxiety and/or activity. Taken together, our data indicate that genetic variation in myelin gene expression translates to differences observed in myelination, axonal conduction speed, and possibly in anxiety/activity related behaviors.
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12
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Huang S, Dai Y, Zhang C, Yang C, Huang Q, Hao W, Shen H. Higher impulsivity and lower grey matter volume in the bilateral prefrontal cortex in long-term abstinent individuals with severe methamphetamine use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 212:108040. [PMID: 32428790 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that grey matter volume (GMV) might be lower in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder and that dynamic alterations in selected brain regions might appear in individuals after short-term abstinence. However, the GMV of brains in these individuals after long-term abstinence is poorly understood. Moreover, individuals with severe methamphetamine use disorder have been considered to have high levels of impulsivity, but the biological mechanism is still unclear. METHODS In this study, the impulsivity of all participants was assessed using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in conjunction with statistical parametric mapping on structural magnetic resonance images, the GMVs of the whole brain were compared among 32 drug-naïve healthy controls (HC) and 40 individuals with severe methamphetamine use disorder who had been abstinent for at least 20 months (SMUD-A). RESULTS We observed significantly higher BIS-11 impulsivity scores and lower GMV in the bilateral superior frontal cortex of SMUD-A individuals than in those of control subjects. The impulsivity score was negatively correlated with GMV in the right superior frontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer novel evidence with respect to the impulsivity trait and brain GMV feature in long-term abstinent individuals with severe methamphetamine use disorder. Moreover, our findings suggest that lower GMV in the right superior frontal cortex might reflect a trait marker of higher impulsivity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucai Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Xiangya, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Substance Dependence, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dai
- Department of Substance Dependence, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Changcun Zhang
- Pingtang Isolated Compulsory Drug Rehabilitation Center in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Xiangya, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuping Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Xiangya, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Xiangya, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongxian Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Xiangya, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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13
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Nass SR, Hahn YK, McLane VD, Varshneya NB, Damaj MI, Knapp PE, Hauser KF. Chronic HIV-1 Tat exposure alters anterior cingulate cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical synaptic circuitry, associated behavioral control, and immune regulation in male mice. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 5:100077. [PMID: 33083793 PMCID: PMC7571616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 selectively disrupts neuronal integrity within specific brain regions, reflecting differences in viral tropism and/or the regional differences in the vulnerability of distinct neuronal subpopulations within the CNS. Deficits in prefrontal cortex (PFC)-mediated executive function and the resultant loss of behavioral control are a particularly debilitating consequence of neuroHIV. To explore how HIV-1 disrupts executive function, we investigated the effects of 48 h, 2 and/or 8 weeks of HIV-1 Tat exposure on behavioral control, synaptic connectivity, and neuroimmune function in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and associated cortico-basal ganglia (BG)-thalamocortical circuitry in adult, Tat transgenic male mice. HIV-1 Tat exposure increased novelty-exploration in response to novel food, flavor, and environmental stimuli, suggesting that Tat triggers increased novelty-exploration in situations of competing motivation (e.g., drive to feed or explore vs. fear of novel, brightly lit open areas). Furthermore, Tat induced adaptability in response to an environmental stressor and pre-attentive filtering deficits. The behavioral insufficiencies coincided with decreases in the inhibitory pre- and post-synaptic proteins, synaptotagmin 2 and gephyrin, respectively, in the ACC, and alterations in specific pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines out of 23 assayed. The interaction of Tat exposure and the resultant time-dependent, selective alterations in CCL4, CXCL1, IL-12p40, and IL-17A levels in the PFC predicted significant decreases in adaptability. Tat decreased dendritic spine density and cortical VGLUT1 inputs, while increasing IL-1β, IL-6, CCL5, and CCL11 in the striatum. Alternatively, IL-1α, CCL5, and IL-13 were decreased in the mediodorsal thalamus despite the absence of synaptic changes. Thus, HIV-1 Tat appears to uniquely and systematically disrupt immune regulation and the inhibitory and excitatory synaptic balance throughout the ACC-BG-thalamocortical circuitry resulting in a loss of behavioral control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. Nass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Richmond, P.O. Box 980613, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Yun K. Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, P.O. Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
| | - Virginia D. McLane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Richmond, P.O. Box 980613, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Neil B. Varshneya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Richmond, P.O. Box 980613, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - M. Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Richmond, P.O. Box 980613, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Pamela E. Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Richmond, P.O. Box 980613, VA, 23298-0613, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, P.O. Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, P.O. Box 980059, Richmond, VA, 23298-0059, USA
| | - Kurt F. Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Richmond, P.O. Box 980613, VA, 23298-0613, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, P.O. Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, P.O. Box 980059, Richmond, VA, 23298-0059, USA
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14
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Perez C, Barkley-Levenson AM, Dick BL, Glatt PF, Martinez Y, Siegel D, Momper JD, Palmer AA, Cohen SM. Metal-Binding Pharmacophore Library Yields the Discovery of a Glyoxalase 1 Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1609-1625. [PMID: 30628789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are common, highly comorbid psychiatric diseases that account for a large proportion of worldwide medical disability. Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) has been identified as a possible target for the treatment of anxiety and depression. GLO1 is a Zn2+-dependent enzyme that isomerizes a hemithioacetal, formed from glutathione and methylglyoxal, to a lactic acid thioester. To develop active inhibitors of GLO1, fragment-based drug discovery was used to identify fragments that could serve as core scaffolds for lead development. After screening a focused library of metal-binding pharmacophores, 8-(methylsulfonylamino)quinoline (8-MSQ) was identified as a hit. Through computational modeling and synthetic elaboration, a potent GLO1 inhibitor was developed with a novel sulfonamide core pharmacophore. A lead compound was demonstrated to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, elevate levels of methylglyoxal in the brain, and reduce depression-like behavior in mice. These findings provide the basis for GLO1 inhibitors to treat depression and related psychiatric illnesses.
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15
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Modelling Differential Vulnerability to Substance Use Disorder in Rodents: Neurobiological Mechanisms. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 258:203-230. [PMID: 31707470 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of drug use within society, only a subset of individuals actively taking addictive drugs lose control over their intake and develop compulsive drug-seeking and intake that typifies substance use disorder (SUD). Although research in this field continues to be an important and dynamic discipline, the specific neuroadaptations that drive compulsive behaviour in humans addicted to drugs and the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie an individual's innate susceptibility to SUD remain surprisingly poorly understood. Nonetheless, it is clear from research within the clinical domain that some behavioural traits are recurrently co-expressed in individuals with SUD, thereby inviting the hypothesis that certain behavioural endophenotypes may be predictive, or at least act in some way, to modify an individual's probability for developing this disorder. The analysis of such endophenotypes and their catalytic relationship to the expression of addiction-related behaviours has been greatly augmented by experimental approaches in rodents that attempt to capture diagnostically relevant aspects of this progressive brain disorder. This work has evolved from an early focus on aberrant drug reinforcement mechanisms to a now much richer account of the putatively impaired cognitive control processes that ultimately determine individual trajectories to compulsive drug-related behaviours. In this chapter we discuss the utility of experimental approaches in rodents designed to elucidate the neurobiological and genetic underpinnings of so-called risk traits and how these innate vulnerabilities collectively contribute to the pathogenesis of SUD.
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16
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Marchisella E, Wijnands R, Koopmans B, Spijker S, Loos M. Constitutive loss and acute pharmacological manipulation of ErbB4 signaling do not affect attention and inhibitory control in mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 17:56-69. [PMID: 28792672 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB4 and its ligand trophic factors of the neuregulin (NRG) family have been associated with schizophrenia and other mental disorders in human genetic studies. In vivo studies in mice have shown how abnormal Nrg-ErbB4 signaling leads to deviant behaviors relevant to distinct aspects of schizophrenia, including hyperactivity, sensory gating deficits, working and spatial memory deficits and impaired social behavior. However, so far little is known on the role of ErbB4 in attention and inhibitory control, two aspects of executive functions that are impaired in schizophrenia. Here we investigated the effects of constitutive loss of ErbB4 in the central nervous system of mice on performance in a 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) assessing attention and inhibitory control. In this task, ErbB4-/- mice did not show deficits in various parameters of attention, and premature responses as measure of inhibitory control. Nonetheless, ErbB4-/- mice recapitulated a specific set of behavioral phenotypes associated with schizophrenia, including a deficit in spatial learning and memory in the Barnes Maze and in contextual fear learning, and a trend for a deficit in sensorimotor gating. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of acute pharmacological inhibition of ErbB tyrosine kinase receptor using the pan-ErbB kinase inhibitor JNJ-28871063 (JNJ), in an automated version of the 5CSRTT. JNJ did not affect attention and inhibitory control. In conclusion, our data suggest no direct involvement of a classical Nrg-ErbB4 pathway in attention and inhibitory control in mice, while it confirms the involvement of this pathway in other domains relevant to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - S Spijker
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan, The Netherlands
| | - M Loos
- Sylics (Synaptologics B.V.), Amsterdam.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan, The Netherlands
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17
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Remmelink E, Chau U, Smit AB, Verhage M, Loos M. A one-week 5-choice serial reaction time task to measure impulsivity and attention in adult and adolescent mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42519. [PMID: 28198416 PMCID: PMC5309744 DOI: 10.1038/srep42519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence. The study of executive functions in animal models of these disorders critically requires short-duration tasks measuring these functions before the animal ages. Here, a novel 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) protocol is presented, to measure attention and impulsivity within one week, without scheduled food deprivation and with little animal handling. Mice were allowed 24-h/day task access from their home-cage, during which they could self-pace task progression and earn unlimited food rewards depending on task performance. Manipulation of task parameters in this self-paced 5-CSRTT protocol (SP-5C) affected attentional performance and impulsivity to a similar extent as previously observed in the 5-CSRTT. Task activity followed intrinsic circadian rhythm, distinctive for the SP-5C protocol, with task performance stable over the day. The sensitivity of the SP-5C protocol to detect strain differences between C57BL/6J, DBA/2 J, BXD16 and BXD62 mice was demonstrated as well as its suitability for testing adolescent mice. Acute administration of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist scopolamine impaired attentional performance, providing initial pharmacological validation of the task. The SP-5C substantially shortens the assessment of impulsivity and attention, increases test efficiency and enables the assessment of adolescent mouse models of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Remmelink
- Sylics (Synaptologics B.V.), 1008 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Uyen Chau
- Sylics (Synaptologics B.V.), 1008 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - August B. Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Loos
- Sylics (Synaptologics B.V.), 1008 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Majdak P, Ossyra JR, Ossyra JM, Cobert AJ, Hofmann GC, Tse S, Panozzo B, Grogan EL, Sorokina A, Rhodes JS. A new mouse model of ADHD for medication development. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39472. [PMID: 27996970 PMCID: PMC5171883 DOI: 10.1038/srep39472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ADHD is a major societal problem with increasing incidence and a stagnant track record for treatment advances. A lack of appropriate animal models has partly contributed to the incremental advance of this field. Hence, our goal was to generate a novel mouse model that could be useful for ADHD medication development. We reasoned that hyperactivity is a core feature of ADHD that could easily be bred into a population, but to what extent other hallmark features of ADHD would appear as correlated responses was unknown. Hence, starting from a heterogeneous population, we applied within-family selection over 16 generations to produce a High-Active line, while simultaneously maintaining an unselected line to serve as the Control. We discovered that the High-Active line demonstrated motor impulsivity in two different versions of the Go/No-go test, which was ameliorated with a low dose of amphetamine, and further displayed hypoactivation of the prefrontal cortex and dysregulated cerebellar vermal activation as indexed by c-Fos immunohistochemical staining. We conclude that the High-Active line represents a valid model for the Hyperactive-Impulsive subtype of ADHD and therefore may be used in future studies to advance our understanding of the etiology of ADHD and screen novel compounds for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Majdak
- The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, IL, USA.,The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, IL, USA
| | - John R Ossyra
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jessica M Ossyra
- College of Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Adam J Cobert
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephen Tse
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, IL, USA
| | - Brent Panozzo
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Grogan
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, IL, USA
| | - Anastassia Sorokina
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, IL, USA
| | - Justin S Rhodes
- The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, IL, USA.,The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, IL, USA
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19
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Fizet J, Cassel JC, Kelche C, Meunier H. A review of the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time (5-CSRT) task in different vertebrate models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:135-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Balu D, Larson JR, Schmidt JV, Wirtshafter D, Yevtodiyenko A, Leonard JP. Behavioral and physiological characterization of PKC-dependent phosphorylation in the Grin2a∆PKC mouse. Brain Res 2016; 1646:315-326. [PMID: 27317637 PMCID: PMC4976052 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Activity-dependent plasticity in NMDA receptor-containing synapses can be regulated by phosphorylation of serines and tyrosines in the C-terminal domain of the receptor subunits by various kinases. We have previously identified S1291/S1312 as important sites for PKC phosphorylation; while Y1292/Y1312 are the sites indirectly phosphorylated by PKC via Src kinase. In the oocyte expression system, mutation of those Serine sites to Alanine (that cannot be phosphorylated) in the GluN2A subunit, resulted in a decreased PKC stimulated current enhancement through the receptors compared to wild-type NMDA receptors. To investigate the behavioral and physiological significance of those PKC-mediated phosphorylation sites in vivo, the Grin2a∆PKC mouse expressing GluN2A with four mutated amino acids: S1291A, S1312A, Y1292F and Y1387F was generated using homologous recombination. The Grin2a∆PKC mice exhibit reduced anxiety in the open field test, light dark emergence test, and elevated plus maze. The mutant mice show reduced alternation in a Y maze spontaneous alternation task and a in a non-reinforced T maze alternation task. Interestingly, when the mutant mice were exposed to novel environments, there was no increase in context-induced Fos levels in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 compared to home-cage Fos levels, while the Fos increased in the WT mice in CA1, CA3 and DG. When the SC-CA1 synapses in slices from mutant mice were stimulated using a theta-burst protocol, there was no impairment in LTP. Overall, these results suggest that at least one of those PKC-mediated phosphorylation sites regulates NMDAR-mediated signaling that modulates anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deebika Balu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - John R Larson
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jennifer V Schmidt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - David Wirtshafter
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Aleksey Yevtodiyenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - John P Leonard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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21
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Lubbers BR, Matos MR, Horn A, Visser E, Van der Loo RC, Gouwenberg Y, Meerhoff GF, Frischknecht R, Seidenbecher CI, Smit AB, Spijker S, van den Oever MC. The Extracellular Matrix Protein Brevican Limits Time-Dependent Enhancement of Cocaine Conditioned Place Preference. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1907-16. [PMID: 26711251 PMCID: PMC4869060 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine-associated environmental cues sustain relapse vulnerability by reactivating long-lasting memories of cocaine reward. During periods of abstinence, responding to cocaine cues can time-dependently intensify a phenomenon referred to as 'incubation of cocaine craving'. Here, we investigated the role of the extracellular matrix protein brevican in recent (1 day after training) and remote (3 weeks after training) expression of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP). Wild-type and Brevican heterozygous knock-out mice, which express brevican at ~50% of wild-type levels, received three cocaine-context pairings using a relatively low dose of cocaine (5 mg/kg). In a drug-free CPP test, heterozygous mice showed enhanced preference for the cocaine-associated context at the remote time point compared with the recent time point. This progressive increase was not observed in wild-type mice and it did not generalize to contextual-fear memory. Virally mediated overexpression of brevican levels in the hippocampus, but not medial prefrontal cortex, of heterozygous mice prevented the progressive increase in cocaine CPP, but only when overexpression was induced before conditioning. Post-conditioning overexpression of brevican did not affect remote cocaine CPP, suggesting that brevican limited the increase in remote CPP by altering neuro-adaptive mechanisms during cocaine conditioning. We provide causal evidence that hippocampal brevican levels control time-dependent enhancement of cocaine CPP during abstinence, pointing to a novel substrate that regulates incubation of responding to cocaine-associated cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart R Lubbers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariana R Matos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Horn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Visser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolinka C Van der Loo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Gouwenberg
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon F Meerhoff
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renato Frischknecht
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Constanze I Seidenbecher
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel C van den Oever
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Tel: +31 20 598 7120, Fax: +31 20 5989281, E-mail:
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22
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Fish EW, Holloway HT, Rumple A, Baker LK, Wieczorek LA, Moy SS, Paniagua B, Parnell SE. Acute alcohol exposure during neurulation: Behavioral and brain structural consequences in adolescent C57BL/6J mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 311:70-80. [PMID: 27185739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can induce physical malformations and behavioral abnormalities that depend in part on thedevelopmental timing of alcohol exposure. The current studies employed a mouse FASD model to characterize the long-term behavioral and brain structural consequences of a binge-like alcohol exposure during neurulation; a first-trimester stage when women are typically unaware that they are pregnant. Time-mated C57BL/6J female mice were administered two alcohol doses (2.8g/kg, four hours apart) or vehicle starting at gestational day 8.0. Male and female adolescent offspring (postnatal day 28-45) were then examined for motor activity (open field and elevated plus maze), coordination (rotarod), spatial learning and memory (Morris water maze), sensory motor gating (acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition), sociability (three-chambered social test), and nociceptive responses (hot plate). Regional brain volumes and shapes were determined using magnetic resonance imaging. In males, PAE increased activity on the elevated plus maze and reduced social novelty preference, while in females PAE increased exploratory behavior in the open field and transiently impaired rotarod performance. In both males and females, PAE modestly impaired Morris water maze performance and decreased the latency to respond on the hot plate. There were no brain volume differences; however, significant shape differences were found in the cerebellum, hypothalamus, striatum, and corpus callosum. These results demonstrate that alcohol exposure during neurulation can have functional consequences into adolescence, even in the absence of significant brain regional volumetric changes. However, PAE-induced regional shape changes provide evidence for persistent brain alterations and suggest alternative clinical diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Fish
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (EWF, HTH, LKB, LAW, SEP), Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (SEP), Department of Psychiatry (AMR, SSM, BP), and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities (SSM, BP, SEP), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - H T Holloway
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (EWF, HTH, LKB, LAW, SEP), Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (SEP), Department of Psychiatry (AMR, SSM, BP), and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities (SSM, BP, SEP), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - A Rumple
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (EWF, HTH, LKB, LAW, SEP), Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (SEP), Department of Psychiatry (AMR, SSM, BP), and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities (SSM, BP, SEP), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - L K Baker
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (EWF, HTH, LKB, LAW, SEP), Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (SEP), Department of Psychiatry (AMR, SSM, BP), and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities (SSM, BP, SEP), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - L A Wieczorek
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (EWF, HTH, LKB, LAW, SEP), Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (SEP), Department of Psychiatry (AMR, SSM, BP), and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities (SSM, BP, SEP), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - S S Moy
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (EWF, HTH, LKB, LAW, SEP), Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (SEP), Department of Psychiatry (AMR, SSM, BP), and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities (SSM, BP, SEP), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - B Paniagua
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (EWF, HTH, LKB, LAW, SEP), Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (SEP), Department of Psychiatry (AMR, SSM, BP), and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities (SSM, BP, SEP), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - S E Parnell
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (EWF, HTH, LKB, LAW, SEP), Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (SEP), Department of Psychiatry (AMR, SSM, BP), and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities (SSM, BP, SEP), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Peris-Sampedro F, Reverte I, Basaure P, Cabré M, Domingo JL, Colomina MT. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and the pesticide chlorpyrifos modulate attention, motivation and impulsivity in female mice in the 5-choice serial reaction time task. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 92:224-35. [PMID: 27106138 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides - and chlorpyrifos (CPF) in particular - contribute to a wide range of neurobehavioural disorders. Most experimental research focuses on learning and memory processes, while other behaviours remain understudied. The isoforms of the human apolipoprotein E (apoE) confer different cognitive skills on their carriers, but data on this topic are still limited. The current study was performed to assess whether the APOE genotypic variability differently modulates the effects of CPF on attentional performance, inhibitory control and motivation. Human apoE targeted replacement adult female mice (apoE2, apoE3 and apoE4) were trained to stably perform the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). Animals were then subjected to daily dietary CPF (3.75 mg/kg body weight) for 4 weeks. After CPF exposure, we established a 4-week CPF-free period to assess recovery. All individuals acquired the task, apoE2 mice showed enhanced learning, while apoE4 mice displayed increased premature and perseverative responding. This genotype-dependent lack of inhibitory control was reversed by CPF. Overall, the pesticide induced protracted impairments in sustained attention and motivation, and it reduced anticipatory responding. ApoE3 mice exhibited delayed attentional disruptions throughout the wash-out period. Taken together, these findings provide notable evidence on the emergence of CPF-related attentional and motivational deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Peris-Sampedro
- Research in Neurobehaviour and Health (NEUROLAB), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavioural Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - Ingrid Reverte
- Research in Neurobehaviour and Health (NEUROLAB), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pia Basaure
- Research in Neurobehaviour and Health (NEUROLAB), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavioural Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria Cabré
- Research in Neurobehaviour and Health (NEUROLAB), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Research in Neurobehaviour and Health (NEUROLAB), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavioural Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
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24
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Campus P, Accoto A, Maiolati M, Latagliata C, Orsini C. Role of prefrontal 5-HT in the strain-dependent variation in sign-tracking behavior of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1157-69. [PMID: 26728892 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The expression of sign-tracking (ST) phenotype over goal-tracking (GT) phenotype has been associated to different aspects of impulsive behavior, and depletions of brain serotonin (5-HT) have been shown to selectively increase impulsive action as well as ST. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed at testing the relationship between reduced brain 5-HT availability and expression of ST phenotype in a genetic model of individual variation in brain 5-HT functionality. Inbred DBA/2J (DBA) mice are homozygous for the allelic variant of the TPH-2 gene causing lower brain 5-HT function in comparison with C57BL/6J (C57) inbred mice. MATERIALS Young adult (10 weeks) and adult (14 weeks) C57 and DBA mice were trained in a Pavlovian conditioned approach (PCA) paradigm. Lever-directed (ST) and magazine-directed (GT) responses were measured in 12 daily conditioning sessions. In a second experiment, effect of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) 5-HT depletion by the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) was assessed on acquisition of ST phenotype in adult C57 mice, according to their higher 5-HT functionality compared to DBA mice. RESULTS Young adult mice of both strains developed ST phenotype, but only adult DBA mice developed ST phenotype. 5-HT depletion in the mPFC of adult C57 mice completely changed their phenotype, as shown by their increased ST. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that ST phenotype can be the expression of a transitory late developmental stage and that genetic factors determine persistence of this phenotype in adulthood. These findings also support a role of 5-HT transmission in PFC in constraining development of ST phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Campus
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | - A Accoto
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | - M Maiolati
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | - C Latagliata
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCSS, European Center for Brain Research, Rome, Italy
| | - C Orsini
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Roma, Italy. .,Center for Research in Neurobiology "Daniel Bovet", University of Rome "Sapienza", Roma, Italy. .,Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCSS, European Center for Brain Research, Rome, Italy.
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25
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Belin D, Belin-Rauscent A, Everitt BJ, Dalley JW. In search of predictive endophenotypes in addiction: insights from preclinical research. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 15:74-88. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Belin
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge
| | - A. Belin-Rauscent
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge
| | - B. J. Everitt
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge
- Department of Psychology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - J. W. Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge
- Department of Psychology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
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26
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The light spot test: Measuring anxiety in mice in an automated home-cage environment. Behav Brain Res 2015; 294:123-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Loos M, Koopmans B, Aarts E, Maroteaux G, van der Sluis S, Verhage M, Smit AB. Within-strain variation in behavior differs consistently between common inbred strains of mice. Mamm Genome 2015; 26:348-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-015-9578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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28
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Abstract
Many current pharmacological treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are limited by a delayed onset of therapeutic effect, adverse side effects, abuse potential or lack of efficacy in many patients. These off-target effects highlight the need to identify novel mechanisms and targets for treatment. Recently, modulation of Glo1 (glyoxalase I) activity was shown to regulate anxiety-like behaviour and seizure-susceptibility in mice. These effects are likely to be mediated through the regulation of MG (methylglyoxal) by Glo1, as MG acts as a competitive partial agonist at GABA(A) (γ-aminobutyric acid A) receptors. Thus modulation of MG by Glo1 represents a novel target for treatment. In the present article, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of indirectly modulating MG concentrations through Glo1 inhibitors for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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29
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Nautiyal KM, Tanaka KF, Barr MM, Tritschler L, Le Dantec Y, David DJ, Gardier AM, Blanco C, Hen R, Ahmari SE. Distinct Circuits Underlie the Effects of 5-HT1B Receptors on Aggression and Impulsivity. Neuron 2015; 86:813-26. [PMID: 25892302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Impulsive and aggressive behaviors are both modulated by serotonergic signaling, specifically through the serotonin 1B receptor (5-HT1BR). 5-HT1BR knockout mice show increased aggression and impulsivity, and 5-HT1BR polymorphisms are associated with aggression and drug addiction in humans. To dissect the mechanisms by which the 5-HT1BR affects these phenotypes, we developed a mouse model to spatially and temporally regulate 5-HT1BR expression. Our results demonstrate that forebrain 5-HT1B heteroreceptors expressed during an early postnatal period contribute to the development of the neural systems underlying adult aggression. However, distinct heteroreceptors acting during adulthood are involved in mediating impulsivity. Correlating with the impulsivity, dopamine in the nucleus accumbens is elevated in the absence of 5-HT1BRs and normalized following adult rescue of the receptor. Overall, these data show that while adolescent expression of 5-HT1BRs influences aggressive behavior, a distinct set of 5-HT1B receptors modulates impulsive behavior during adulthood.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Aggression/physiology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Brain/anatomy & histology
- Brain/growth & development
- Brain/metabolism
- Choice Behavior/physiology
- Conditioning, Operant/drug effects
- Conditioning, Operant/physiology
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Doxycycline/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology
- Impulsive Behavior/physiology
- Iodine Isotopes/pharmacokinetics
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Pindolol/analogs & derivatives
- Pindolol/pharmacokinetics
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/metabolism
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacokinetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Nautiyal
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160 8582, Japan
| | - Mary M Barr
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laurent Tritschler
- Université Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France
| | - Yannick Le Dantec
- Université Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France
| | - Denis J David
- Université Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France
| | - Alain M Gardier
- Université Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1178, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - René Hen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Susanne E Ahmari
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, Center for Neuroscience Program, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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30
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Pietrzykowski AZ, Spijker S. Impulsivity and comorbid traits: a multi-step approach for finding putative responsible microRNAs in the amygdala. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:389. [PMID: 25561905 PMCID: PMC4263087 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malfunction of synaptic plasticity in different brain regions, including the amygdala plays a role in impulse control deficits that are characteristics of several psychiatric disorders, such as ADHD, schizophrenia, depression and addiction. Previously, we discovered a locus for impulsivity (Impu1) containing the neuregulin 3 (Nrg3) gene, of which the level of expression determines levels of inhibitory control. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potent regulators of gene expression, and have recently emerged as important factors contributing to the development of psychiatric disorders. However, their role in impulsivity, as well as control of Nrg3 expression or malfunction of the amygdala, is not well established. Here, we used the GeneNetwork database of BXD mice to search for correlated traits with impulsivity using an overrepresentation analysis to filter for biologically meaningful traits. We determined that inhibitory control was significantly correlated with expression of miR-190b, -28a, -340, -219a, and -491 in the amygdala, and that the overrepresented correlated traits showed a specific pattern of coregulation with these miRNAs. A bioinformatics analysis identified that miR-190b, by targeting an Nrg3-related network, could affect synaptic plasticity in the amygdala, targeting bot impulsive and compulsive traits. Moreover, miR-28a, -340, -219a, and possibly -491 could act on synaptic function by determining the balance between neuronal outgrowth and differentiation. We propose that these miRNAs are attractive candidates of regulation of amygdala synaptic plasticity, possibly during development but also in maintaining the impulsive phenotype. These results can help us to better understand mechanisms of synaptic dysregulation in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Z Pietrzykowski
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ, USA ; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands
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31
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Loos M, Mueller T, Gouwenberg Y, Wijnands R, van der Loo RJ, Birchmeier C, Smit AB, Spijker S. Neuregulin-3 in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex regulates impulsive action. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:648-55. [PMID: 24703509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A deficit in impulse control is a prominent, heritable symptom in several psychiatric disorders, such as addiction, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. Here, we aimed to identify genes regulating impulsivity, specifically of impulsive action, in mice. METHODS Using the widely used 5-choice serial reaction time task, we measured impulsive action in 1) a panel of 41 BXD recombinant inbred strains of mice (n = 13.7 ± .8 per strain; n = 654 total) to detect underlying genetic loci; 2) congenic mice (n = 23) to replicate the identified locus; 3) mice overexpressing the Nrg3 candidate gene in the medial prefrontal cortex (n = 21); and 4) a Nrg3 loss-of-function mutant (n = 59) to functionally implicate the Nrg3 candidate gene in impulsivity. RESULTS Genetic mapping of impulsive action in the BXD panel identified a locus on chromosome 14 (34.5-41.4 Mb), syntenic with the human 10q22-q23 schizophrenia-susceptibility locus. Congenic mice carrying the impulsivity locus (Impu1) confirmed its influence on impulsive action. Increased impulsivity was associated with increased Nrg3 gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Viral overexpression of Nrg3 in the mPFC increased impulsivity, whereas a constitutive Nrg3 loss-of-function mutation decreased it. CONCLUSIONS The causal relation between Nrg3 expression in the mPFC and level of impulsive action shown here provides a mechanism by which polymorphism in NRG3 in humans contributes to a specific cognitive deficit seen in several psychiatric diseases, such as addiction, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Loos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam; Sylics (Synaptologics BV), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department of Developmental Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Gouwenberg
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam
| | - Ruud Wijnands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam; Sylics (Synaptologics BV), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolinka J van der Loo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam; Sylics (Synaptologics BV), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Department of Developmental Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam.
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32
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Ferland JMN, Zeeb FD, Yu K, Kaur S, Taves MD, Winstanley CA. Greater sensitivity to novelty in rats is associated with increased motor impulsivity following repeated exposure to a stimulating environment: implications for the etiology of impulse control deficits. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:3746-56. [PMID: 25308904 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Heightened motor impulsivity and increased novelty-seeking commonly co-occur in psychiatric disorders, including drug addiction. However, the relationship between these two phenomena remains unclear. One-time tests of novelty sensitivity commonly used in preclinical experiments, such as the open-field or novel-object test, fail to capture the fact that novelty-seekers repeatedly experience novel, stimulating situations. The present study therefore investigated whether repeated exposure to a novel, stimulating environment (SE) altered impulsive action. Male Long-Evans rats were trained to perform the five-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) which measures motor impulsivity in the form of premature responding as well as attention and motivation. Animals were then exposed to a novel SE (1 h/day for 16 days) immediately prior to the 5CSRTT. Significant increases in premature responding were observed in a subgroup of reactive animals termed high responders (HR-SE). These rats were not more impulsive at baseline, and levels of impulsivity normalised once exposure to the SE was discontinued. No other aspect of 5CSRTT performance was affected by the SE challenge. We also determined that HR-SE rats were hyperactive in a novel environment. Biochemical analyses revealed changes in gene and protein expression within the dorsal hippocampus of HR-SE rats, including decreases in mRNA encoding the dopamine D1 receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These results indicate a novel mechanism by which impulsivity and novelty-reactivity interact that may enhance addiction vulnerability synergistically. Furthermore, studying such context-induced impulsivity may provide insight into the process by which environmental load precipitates psychiatric symptoms in impulse control disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline-Marie N Ferland
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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33
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Loos M, Koopmans B, Aarts E, Maroteaux G, van der Sluis S, Verhage M, Smit AB. Sheltering behavior and locomotor activity in 11 genetically diverse common inbred mouse strains using home-cage monitoring. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108563. [PMID: 25264768 PMCID: PMC4180925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional genetic analyses in mice rely on efficient and in-depth characterization of the behavioral spectrum. Automated home-cage observation can provide a systematic and efficient screening method to detect unexplored, novel behavioral phenotypes. Here, we analyzed high-throughput automated home-cage data using existing and novel concepts, to detect a plethora of genetic differences in spontaneous behavior in a panel of commonly used inbred strains (129S1/SvImJ, A/J, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ, DBA/2J, NOD/LtJ, FVB/NJ, WSB/EiJ, PWK/PhJ and CAST/EiJ). Continuous video-tracking observations of sheltering behavior and locomotor activity were segmented into distinguishable behavioral elements, and studied at different time scales, yielding a set of 115 behavioral parameters of which 105 showed highly significant strain differences. This set of 115 parameters was highly dimensional; principal component analysis identified 26 orthogonal components with eigenvalues above one. Especially novel parameters of sheltering behavior and parameters describing aspects of motion of the mouse in the home-cage showed high genetic effect sizes. Multi-day habituation curves and patterns of behavior surrounding dark/light phase transitions showed striking strain differences, albeit with lower genetic effect sizes. This spontaneous home-cage behavior study demonstrates high dimensionality, with a strong genetic contribution to specific sets of behavioral measures. Importantly, spontaneous home-cage behavior analysis detects genetic effects that cannot be studied in conventional behavioral tests, showing that the inclusion of a few days of undisturbed, labor extensive home-cage assessment may greatly aid gene function analyses and drug target discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Loos
- Sylics (Synaptologics BV), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Emmeke Aarts
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gregoire Maroteaux
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie van der Sluis
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Section Complex Trait Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - August B. Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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34
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Inhibition by active site directed covalent modification of human glyoxalase I. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3301-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Hassan W, Silva CEB, Mohammadzai IU, da Rocha JBT, Landeira-Fernandez J. Association of oxidative stress to the genesis of anxiety: implications for possible therapeutic interventions. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:120-39. [PMID: 24669207 PMCID: PMC3964744 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11666131120232135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by reactive species, including reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and unbound, adventitious metal ions (e.g., iron [Fe] and copper [Cu]), is an underlying cause of various neurodegenerative diseases. These reactive species are an inevitable by-product of cellular respiration or other metabolic processes that may cause the oxidation of lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Oxidative stress has recently been implicated in depression and anxiety-related disorders. Furthermore, the manifestation of anxiety in numerous psychiatric disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, panic disorder, phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder, highlights the importance of studying the underlying biology of these disorders to gain a better understanding of the disease and to identify common biomarkers for these disorders. Most recently, the expression of glutathione reductase 1 and glyoxalase 1, which are genes involved in antioxidative metabolism, were reported to be correlated with anxiety-related phenotypes. This review focuses on direct and indirect evidence of the potential involvement of oxidative stress in the genesis of anxiety and discusses different opinions that exist in this field. Antioxidant therapeutic strategies are also discussed, highlighting the importance of oxidative stress in the etiology, incidence, progression, and prevention of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Hassan
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Imdad Ullah Mohammadzai
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Joao Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Kramvis I, Mansvelder HD, Loos M, Meredith R. Hyperactivity, perseveration and increased responding during attentional rule acquisition in the Fragile X mouse model. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:172. [PMID: 24312033 PMCID: PMC3836024 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Attentional deficits and executive function impairments are common to many neurodevelopmental disorders of intellectual disability and autism, including Fragile X syndrome (FXS). In the knockout mouse model for FXS, significant changes in synaptic plasticity and connectivity are found in the prefrontal cortex (PFC)-a prominent region for attentional processing and executive control. Given these alterations in PFC synaptic function, we tested whether adult Fragile X knockout mice exhibited corresponding impairments in inhibitory control, perseveration, and sustained attention. Furthermore, we investigated individual performance during attentional rule acquisition. Using the 5-choice serial reaction time task, our results show no impairments in inhibitory control and sustained attention. Fragile X knockout mice exhibited enhanced levels of correct and incorrect responding, as well as perseveration of responding during initial phases of rule acquisition, that normalized with training. For both knockout and wild type mice, pharmacological attenuation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 signaling did not affect response accuracy but reduced impulsive responses and increased omission errors. Upon rule reversal, Fragile X knockout mice made more correct and incorrect responses, similar to the initial phases of rule acquisition. Analogous to heightened activity upon novel rule acquisition, Fragile X knockout mice were transiently hyperactive in both a novel open field (OF) arena and novel home cage. Hyperactivity ceased with familiarization to the environment. Our findings demonstrate normal inhibitory control and sustained attention but heightened perseveration, responding, and hyperactivity during novel rule acquisition and during exposure to novel environments in Fragile X knockout mice. We therefore provide evidence for subtle but significant differences in the processing of novel stimuli in the mouse model for the FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kramvis
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Sylics (Synaptologics BV) Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Loos M, Staal J, Smit AB, De Vries TJ, Spijker S. Enhanced alcohol self-administration and reinstatement in a highly impulsive, inattentive recombinant inbred mouse strain. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:151. [PMID: 24198771 PMCID: PMC3812782 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in executive control have frequently been associated with alcohol use disorder. Here we investigated to what extent pre-existing genetically encoded levels of impulsive/inattentive behavior associate with motivation to take alcohol and vulnerability to cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in an operant self-administration paradigm. We took advantage of BXD16, a recombinant inbred strain previously shown to have enhanced impulsivity and poor attentional control. We compared BXD16 with C57BL/6J mice in a simple choice reaction time task (SCRTT) and confirmed its impulsive/inattentive phenotype. BXD16 mice were less active in a novel open field (OF), and were equally active in an automated home cage environment, showing that increased impulsive responding of BXD16 mice could not be explained by enhanced general activity compared to C57BL/6J mice. After training in a sucrose/alcohol fading self-administration procedure, BXD16 showed increased motivation to earn 10% alcohol solution, both under fixed ratio (FR1) and progressive ratio (PR2) schedules of reinforcement. Responding on the active lever readily decreased during extinction training with no apparent differences between strains. However, upon re-exposure to alcohol-associated cues, alcohol seeking was reinstated to a larger extent in BXD16 than in C57BL/6J mice. Although further studies are needed to determine whether impulsivity/inattention and alcohol seeking depend on common or separate genetic loci, these data show that in mice enhanced impulsivity coincides with increased motivation to take alcohol, as well as relapse vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Loos
- 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam Netherlands
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Jupp B, Caprioli D, Dalley JW. Highly impulsive rats: modelling an endophenotype to determine the neurobiological, genetic and environmental mechanisms of addiction. Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:302-11. [PMID: 23355644 PMCID: PMC3597013 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.010934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity describes the tendency of an individual to act prematurely without foresight and is associated with a number of neuropsychiatric co-morbidities, including drug addiction. As such, there is increasing interest in the neurobiological mechanisms of impulsivity, as well as the genetic and environmental influences that govern the expression of this behaviour. Tests used on rodent models of impulsivity share strong parallels with tasks used to assess this trait in humans, and studies in both suggest a crucial role of monoaminergic corticostriatal systems in the expression of this behavioural trait. Furthermore, rodent models have enabled investigation of the causal relationship between drug abuse and impulsivity. Here, we review the use of rodent models of impulsivity for investigating the mechanisms involved in this trait, and how these mechanisms could contribute to the pathogenesis of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Jupp
- Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences Institute and The Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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Distler MG, Palmer AA. Role of Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) and methylglyoxal (MG) in behavior: recent advances and mechanistic insights. Front Genet 2012. [PMID: 23181072 PMCID: PMC3500958 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) is a ubiquitous cellular enzyme that participates in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), a cytotoxic byproduct of glycolysis that induces protein modification (advanced glycation end-products, AGEs), oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The concentration of MG is elevated under high-glucose conditions, such as diabetes. As such, GLO1 and MG have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Recently, findings have linked GLO1 to numerous behavioral phenotypes, including psychiatric diseases (anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and autism) and pain. This review highlights GLO1's association with behavioral phenotypes, describes recent discoveries that have elucidated the underlying mechanisms, and identifies opportunities for future research.
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Nagtegaal AP, Spijker S, Crins TTH, Borst JGG. A novel QTL underlying early-onset, low-frequency hearing loss in BXD recombinant inbred strains. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2012; 11:911-20. [PMID: 22989164 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The DBA/2J inbred strain of mice has been used extensively in hearing research as it suffers from early-onset, progressive hearing loss. Initially, it mostly affects high frequencies, but already at 2-3 months hearing loss becomes broad. In search for hearing loss genes other than Cadherin 23 (otocadherin) and fascin-2, which make a large contribution to the high-frequency deficits, we used a large set of the genetic reference population of BXD recombinant inbred strains. For frequencies 4, 8, 16 and 32 kHz, auditory brainstem response hearing thresholds were longitudinally determined from 2-3 up to 12 weeks of age. Apart from a significant, broad quantitative trait locus (QTL) for high-frequency hearing loss on chromosome 11 containing the fascin-2 gene, we found a novel, small QTL for low-frequency hearing loss on chromosome 18, from hereon called ahl9. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction of organs of Corti, isolated from a subset of strains, showed that a limited number of genes at the QTL were expressed in the organ of Corti. Of those genes, several showed significant expression differences based on the parental line contributing to the allele. Our results may aid in the future identification of genes involved in low-frequency, early-onset hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Nagtegaal
- Department of Neuroscience.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Spijker
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T T H Crins
- Department of Neuroscience.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Camargo N, Brouwers JF, Loos M, Gutmann DH, Smit AB, Verheijen MHG. High-fat diet ameliorates neurological deficits caused by defective astrocyte lipid metabolism. FASEB J 2012; 26:4302-15. [PMID: 22751013 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-205807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian CNS is considered to be autonomous in lipid metabolism. Glial cells, in particular astrocytes, have been shown to be highly active in lipid synthesis and secretion. To determine the importance of astrocytes as lipid providers in the brain, we generated mice in which the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) was deleted from astrocytes using cre/lox technology. SCAP mutant mice showed microcephaly, without effects on astrocyte survival. SCAP deletion in astrocytes led to a loss of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis pathways. SCAP mutants showed progressive motor deficits, dyskinesia, and reduced anxiety. Interestingly, SCAP mutants showed changes in brain sterol and fatty acid profiles that were concordant with reduced lipid synthesis as well as with increased uptake of dietary lipids. Accordingly, a high-fat diet rich in cholesterol and monounsaturated fatty acids, but not a fish oil diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, improved motor deficits and survival of the mutant mice. These observations establish a critical role for astrocytes in brain lipid metabolism and demonstrate that dietary lipids can rescue astrocyte-mediated lipid deficiency. The ability to correct these neurological deficits suggests that lipid supplementation may serve as a treatment for brain disorders associated with defective astrocyte lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutabi Camargo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Manzardo AM, Henkhaus R, Hidaka B, Penick EC, Poje AB, Butler MG. X chromosome inactivation in women with alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 36:1325-9. [PMID: 22375556 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All female mammals with 2 X chromosomes balance gene expression with males having only 1 X by inactivating one of their X chromosomes (X chromosome inactivation [XCI]). Analysis of XCI in females offers the opportunity to investigate both X-linked genetic factors and early embryonic development that may contribute to alcoholism. Increases in the prevalence of skewing of XCI in women with alcoholism could implicate biological risk factors. METHODS The pattern of XCI was examined in DNA isolated in blood from 44 adult women meeting DSM-IV criteria for an alcohol use disorder and 45 control women with no known history of alcohol abuse or dependence. XCI status was determined by analyzing digested and undigested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of the polymorphic androgen receptor (AR) gene located on the X chromosome. Subjects were categorized into 3 groups based upon the degree of XCI skewness: random (50:50 to 64:36%), moderately skewed (65:35 to 80:20%), and highly skewed (>80:20%). RESULTS XCI status from informative women with alcoholism was found to be random in 59% (n = 26), moderately skewed in 27% (n = 12), or highly skewed in 14% (n = 6). Control subjects showed 60, 29, and 11%, respectively. The distribution of skewed XCI observed among women with alcoholism did not differ statistically from that of control subjects (χ(2) test = 0.14, 2 df, p = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS Our data did not support an increase in XCI skewness among women with alcoholism or implicate early developmental events associated with embryonic cell loss or unequal (nonrandom) expression of X-linked gene(s) or defects in alcoholism among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Manzardo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, USA.
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Sanchez-Roige S, Peña-Oliver Y, Stephens DN. Measuring impulsivity in mice: the five-choice serial reaction time task. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 219:253-70. [PMID: 22089700 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mice are useful tools for dissecting genetic and environmental factors in relation to the study of attention and impulsivity. The five-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) paradigm has been well established in rats, but its transferability to mice is less well documented. OBJECTIVES This study aims to summarise the main results of the 5CSRTT in mice, with special focus on impulsivity. METHODS The 5CSRTT can be used to explore aspects of both attentional and inhibitory control mechanisms. RESULTS Different manipulations of the task parameters can lead to different results; adjusting the protocol as a function of the main variable of interest or the standardisation of the protocol to be applied to a large set of strains will be desirable. CONCLUSIONS The 5CSRTT has proven to be a useful tool to investigate impulsivity in mice.
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Loos M, Staal J, Pattij T, Smit AB, Spijker S. Independent genetic loci for sensorimotor gating and attentional performance in BXD recombinant inbred strains. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2011; 11:147-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2011.00754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Novel candidate genes associated with hippocampal oscillations. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26586. [PMID: 22066001 PMCID: PMC3204991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is critical for a wide range of emotional and cognitive behaviors. Here, we performed the first genome-wide search for genes influencing hippocampal oscillations. We measured local field potentials (LFPs) using 64-channel multi-electrode arrays in acute hippocampal slices of 29 BXD recombinant inbred mouse strains. Spontaneous activity and carbachol-induced fast network oscillations were analyzed with spectral and cross-correlation methods and the resulting traits were used for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs), i.e., regions on the genome that may influence hippocampal function. Using genome-wide hippocampal gene expression data, we narrowed the QTLs to eight candidate genes, including Plcb1, a phospholipase that is known to influence hippocampal oscillations. We also identified two genes coding for calcium channels, Cacna1b and Cacna1e, which mediate presynaptic transmitter release and have not been shown to regulate hippocampal network activity previously. Furthermore, we showed that the amplitude of the hippocampal oscillations is genetically correlated with hippocampal volume and several measures of novel environment exploration.
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Humby T, Wilkinson LS. Assaying dissociable elements of behavioural inhibition and impulsivity: translational utility of animal models. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011; 11:534-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Inhibitory control and response latency differences between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice in a Go/No-Go and 5-choice serial reaction time task and strain-specific responsivity to amphetamine. Behav Brain Res 2010; 214:216-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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SYSGENET: a meeting report from a new European network for systems genetics. Mamm Genome 2010; 21:331-6. [PMID: 20623354 PMCID: PMC2923724 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-010-9273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The first scientific meeting of the newly established European SYSGENET network took place at the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) in Braunschweig, April 7-9, 2010. About 50 researchers working in the field of systems genetics using mouse genetic reference populations (GRP) participated in the meeting and exchanged their results, phenotyping approaches, and data analysis tools for studying systems genetics. In addition, the future of GRP resources and phenotyping in Europe was discussed.
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Heistek TS, Jaap Timmerman A, Spijker S, Brussaard AB, Mansvelder HD. GABAergic synapse properties may explain genetic variation in hippocampal network oscillations in mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2010; 4:18. [PMID: 21082021 PMCID: PMC2901093 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2010.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive ability and the properties of brain oscillation are highly heritable in humans. Genetic variation underlying oscillatory activity might give rise to differences in cognition and behavior. How genetic diversity translates into altered properties of oscillations and synchronization of neuronal activity is unknown. To address this issue, we investigated cellular and synaptic mechanisms of hippocampal fast network oscillations in eight genetically distinct inbred mouse strains. The frequency of carbachol-induced oscillations differed substantially between mouse strains. Since GABAergic inhibition sets oscillation frequency, we studied the properties of inhibitory synaptic inputs (IPSCs) received by CA3 and CA1 pyramidal cells of three mouse strains that showed the highest, lowest and intermediate frequencies of oscillations. In CA3 pyramidal cells, the frequency of rhythmic IPSC input showed the same strain differences as the frequency of field oscillations. Furthermore, IPSC decay times in both CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells were faster in mouse strains with higher oscillation frequencies than in mouse strains with lower oscillation frequency, suggesting that differences in GABA(A)-receptor subunit composition exist between these strains. Indeed, gene expression of GABA(A)-receptor β2 (Gabrb2) and β3 (Gabrb2) subunits was higher in mouse strains with faster decay kinetics compared with mouse strains with slower decay kinetics. Hippocampal pyramidal neurons in mouse strains with higher oscillation frequencies and faster decay kinetics fired action potential at higher frequencies. These data indicate that differences in genetic background may result in different GABA(A)-receptor subunit expression, which affects the rhythm of pyramidal neuron firing and fast network activity through GABA synapse kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands
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