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Loeber S. MRI Characteristics of Primary Brain Tumors and Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Techniques. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024:S0195-5616(24)00058-5. [PMID: 39244440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Extensive descriptions of MRI characteristics of canine and feline brain tumors allow for relatively accurate lesion detection, discrimination, and presumptive diagnosis on MRI. Ambiguous and overlapping MRI features between brain lesion and tumor as well as tumor types is a limitation that necessitates histopathology for final diagnosis, which is often not available antemortem. Non-invasive advanced diagnostic imaging techniques continue to be developed to enhance sensitivity and specificity for brain tumor diagnosis on MRI in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Loeber
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Jeong J, Lee H, Rho Y, Jeon Y. Case report: Gross total resection of a primary fourth ventricular meningioma using the telovelar approach in a dog. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1450332. [PMID: 39239391 PMCID: PMC11374598 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1450332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
An 11-year-old spayed female Maltese dog presented with a 2-month history of gait alterations, wide-based stance, and chronic vomiting. Neurological examination revealed cerebellovestibular signs, including head tilt, nystagmus, strabismus, intentional tremor, and hypermetric gait. MRI showed a mass with iso- to hypointensity on T1-weighted (T1W) images and heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2-weighted (T2W) images, with marked non-uniform contrast enhancement. The tumor was removed via a telovelar approach without intraoperative complications. Postoperatively, the dog developed non-ambulatory paraparesis with the rigidity of the pelvic limbs but recovered ambulation within 6 days. Preoperative neurological signs progressively improved, and the patient was discharged without complications 10 days after surgery. Histological examination revealed dense spindle cells with an abundant collagen matrix and oval-shaped nucleated cells with small whorls, leading to a diagnosis of transitional meningioma of the fourth ventricle. MRI follow-up at 8 months postoperatively showed no definitive evidence of recurrence. At the final follow-up, 15.4 months postoperatively, mild neurological signs, including a slight head tilt and subtle strabismus, remained, but the rest of the neurological examination was normal. This is the first reported case of a meningioma in the fourth ventricle of a dog successfully removed using the telovelar approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haebeom Lee
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonho Rho
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungJin Jeon
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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3
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Espino L, Miño N. Common Neurologic Diseases in Geriatric Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1753. [PMID: 38929372 PMCID: PMC11200570 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The increase in the canine geriatric population means that veterinarians are more often confronted with diseases that are more prevalent in patients in this age group. As in other organ systems, degenerative, neoplastic, and vascular diseases are the most prevalent neurologic disorders in older dogs. A neurological disease in an older dog poses a challenge for the clinician due to the presence of concomitant diseases and age-related changes that make it difficult to interpret the neurological examination. In addition, given the age of the patients, some owners do not allow advanced imaging tests, and it is necessary to establish the most likely presumptive diagnosis to initiate treatment. Although many of these diseases can cause clinical signs that can be very upsetting, some of them can be managed with symptomatic therapy and have a good prognosis, such as idiopathic vestibular syndrome. Moreover, advances in and the greater availability of therapeutic options such as surgery and radiation therapy may increase survival and quality of life in diseases with a more serious prognosis, such as tumours. The aim of this review is to summarize the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the more frequent diseases affecting the central nervous systems of geriatric dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Espino
- Departamento de Anatomía, Producción Animal y Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria de Lugo, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
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Mahon E, Marsh O, Uriarte A, Stabile F. The effect of oral zonisamide treatment on serum phenobarbital concentrations in epileptic dogs. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1389615. [PMID: 38868500 PMCID: PMC11168201 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1389615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Zonisamide is used in dogs for the treatment of epileptic seizures. It is predominantly metabolised by CYP450 hepatic enzymes. When used concurrently with phenobarbital (PB), zonisamide clearance is increased and its elimination half-life decreases. However, the effect that zonisamide may have on serum PB concentrations in dogs has not been previously described. Eight dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy and two dogs with structural epilepsy commenced zonisamide at 8.0 mg/kg/12 h [7.4-10 mg/kg/12 h] following an increase in the frequency of epileptic seizures. Nine dogs were receiving PB every 12 h (4.2 mg/kg/12 h [3.8-6 mg/kg/12 h]), and one dog was receiving PB every 8 h (6 mg/kg/8 h). Following the addition of zonisamide and despite no increase in PB dosage, an increase in phenobarbital serum PB concentration was observed in 9 out of 10 dogs in subsequent measurements. In five dogs, phenobarbital serum concentrations were raised to concentrations higher than the reported hepatotoxic concentrations (trough>35 mg/L). This required a reduction in daily doses of PB. This case series suggests that zonisamide affects the metabolism of PB and causes an increase in PB serum concentrations over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mahon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Ltd, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Marsh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Dick White Referrals, Part of Linnaeus Ltd, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - Ane Uriarte
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Ltd, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Stabile
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Wear Referrals, Part of Linnaeus Ltd, Bradbury, United Kingdom
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May JL, Garcia-Mora J, Edwards M, Rossmeisl JH. An Illustrated Scoping Review of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Canine and Feline Brain Tumors. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1044. [PMID: 38612283 PMCID: PMC11010916 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used pervasively in veterinary practice for the antemortem diagnosis of intracranial tumors. Here, we provide an illustrated summary of the published MRI features of primary and secondary intracranial tumors of dogs and cats, following PRISMA scoping review guidelines. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant records, and input from stakeholders was solicited to select data for extraction. Sixty-seven studies of moderate to low-level evidence quality describing the MRI features of pathologically confirmed canine and feline brain tumors met inclusion criteria. Considerable variability in data inclusion and reporting, as well as low case numbers, prohibited comparative data analyses. Available data support a holistic MRI approach incorporating lesion number, location within the brain, shape, intrinsic signal appearances on multiparametric sequences, patterns of contrast enhancement, and associated secondary changes in the brain to prioritize differential imaging diagnoses, and often allows for accurate presumptive diagnosis of common intracranial tumors. Quantitative MRI techniques show promise for improving discrimination of neoplastic from non-neoplastic brain lesions, as well as differentiating brain tumor types and grades, but sample size limitations will likely remain a significant practical obstacle to the design of robustly powered radiomic studies. For many brain tumor variants, particularly in cats, there remains a need for standardized studies that correlate clinicopathologic and neuroimaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. May
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.L.M.); (J.G.-M.)
| | - Josefa Garcia-Mora
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.L.M.); (J.G.-M.)
| | - Michael Edwards
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - John H. Rossmeisl
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.L.M.); (J.G.-M.)
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Mahon EK, Williams TL, Alves L. Serum C-reactive protein concentrations in dogs with structural and idiopathic epilepsy. Vet Rec 2023; 193:e3211. [PMID: 37503700 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein produced by the liver during systemic inflammation. In humans, some epilepsies are associated with increased serum CRP (sCRP) concentrations, but this has yet to be proven in veterinary studies. Dogs with structural epilepsy (SE) and normal interictal neurological examination are hard to distinguish from dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE) without the use of advanced imaging. METHODS The study included eight dogs with SE and 12 dogs with IE from a referral hospital population. This was a retrospective observational cohort study. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the sCRP concentrations within 24 hours of the last epileptic seizure between dogs with SE or IE. RESULTS Dogs with SE had higher sCRP concentrations than dogs with IE (8.9 [range <2.2-53.2] mg/L vs. <2.2 [range <2.2-6.9] mg/L; p = 0.043). Five of the eight (62%) dogs with SE had an sCRP concentration above the reference interval, compared with none of the 12 dogs with IE. LIMITATIONS The small sample size was the major limitation of this study. Other inflammatory causes were also not exclusively ruled out, although further clinical investigations were not indicated. CONCLUSIONS This study found that sCRP concentrations were higher in this cohort of dogs with SE than in those with IE. Further studies with larger cohorts of dogs are warranted to validate if sCRP can be used as an additional biomarker for SE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim L Williams
- The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa Alves
- The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Albertini GM, Malbon A, Staudacher A, Stabile F. Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and histological description of a choroid plexus papilloma with disseminated intraventricular and spinal cerebrospinal fluid drop metastases in a young adult dog: a case report. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1223729. [PMID: 37601755 PMCID: PMC10435885 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1223729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A 2-year-old male entire Cane Corso was presented for investigations into a 1-week history of ambulatory paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia gradually deteriorating. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed intraventricular space-occupying lesions affecting the fourth ventricle and lateral apertures and intradural-extramedullary space-occupying lesions at the level of C7 vertebra, L4-L5, and L7-S1 intervertebral disk spaces. Due to poor quality of life, the patient was euthanized. A post-mortem examination revealed partially encapsulated, multifocally infiltrative, and moderately cellular neoplastic masses. The histological description was similar for all masses. The cells appeared cuboidal with round central nuclei and a moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm and were arranged almost exclusively in single-layered papilliform patterns supported by a fibrovascular stroma. Mitoses were rarely observed (1/2.37 mm2). The primary neoplasm was morphologically most consistent with a choroid plexus papilloma despite drop metastases. This is the first report of a histologically confirmed primary ventricular choroid plexus papilloma causing disseminated MRI-apparent intraventricular and spinal drop metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Marc Albertini
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Cranes Point, Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Malbon
- Easter Bush Pathology, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Staudacher
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Cranes Point, Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Stabile
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Cranes Point, Basildon, United Kingdom
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Barge P, Oevermann A, Maiolini A, Durand A. Machine learning predicts histologic type and grade of canine gliomas based on MRI texture analysis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023. [PMID: 37133981 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional MRI features of canine gliomas subtypes and grades significantly overlap. Texture analysis (TA) quantifies image texture based on spatial arrangement of pixel intensities. Machine learning (ML) models based on MRI-TA demonstrate high accuracy in predicting brain tumor types and grades in human medicine. The aim of this retrospective, diagnostic accuracy study was to investigate the accuracy of ML-based MRI-TA in predicting canine gliomas histologic types and grades. Dogs with histopathological diagnosis of intracranial glioma and available brain MRI were included. Tumors were manually segmented across their entire volume in enhancing part, non-enhancing part, and peri-tumoral vasogenic edema in T2-weighted (T2w), T1-weighted (T1w), FLAIR, and T1w postcontrast sequences. Texture features were extracted and fed into three ML classifiers. Classifiers' performance was assessed using a leave-one-out cross-validation approach. Multiclass and binary models were built to predict histologic types (oligodendroglioma vs. astrocytoma vs. oligoastrocytoma) and grades (high vs. low), respectively. Thirty-eight dogs with a total of 40 masses were included. Machine learning classifiers had an average accuracy of 77% for discriminating tumor types and of 75.6% for predicting high-grade gliomas. The support vector machine classifier had an accuracy of up to 94% for predicting tumor types and up to 87% for predicting high-grade gliomas. The most discriminative texture features of tumor types and grades appeared related to the peri-tumoral edema in T1w images and to the non-enhancing part of the tumor in T2w images, respectively. In conclusion, ML-based MRI-TA has the potential to discriminate intracranial canine gliomas types and grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Barge
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Maiolini
- Division of Clinical Neurology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexane Durand
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Hanael E, Baruch S, Chai O, Lishitsky L, Blum T, Rapoport K, Ruggeri M, Aizenberg Z, Peery D, Meyerhoff N, Volk HA, De Decker S, Tipold A, Baumgaertner W, Friedman A, Shamir M. Quantitative analysis of magnetic resonance images for characterization of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in dogs with brain tumors. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:606-617. [PMID: 36847997 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability can be assessed quantitatively using advanced imaging analysis. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Quantification and characterization of blood-brain barrier dysfunction (BBBD) patterns in dogs with brain tumors can provide useful information about tumor biology and assist in distinguishing between gliomas and meningiomas. ANIMALS Seventy-eight hospitalized dogs with brain tumors and 12 control dogs without brain tumors. METHODS In a 2-arm study, images from a prospective dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE; n = 15) and a retrospective archived magnetic resonance imaging study (n = 63) were analyzed by DCE and subtraction enhancement analysis (SEA) to quantify BBB permeability in affected dogs relative to control dogs (n = 6 in each arm). For the SEA method, 2 ranges of postcontrast intensity differences, that is, high (HR) and low (LR), were evaluated as possible representations of 2 classes of BBB leakage. BBB score was calculated for each dog and was associated with clinical characteristics and tumor location and class. Permeability maps were generated, using the slope values (DCE) or intensity difference (SEA) of each voxel, and analyzed. RESULTS Distinctive patterns and distributions of BBBD were identified for intra- and extra-axial tumors. At a cutoff of 0.1, LR/HR BBB score ratio yielded a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 100% in differentiating gliomas from meningiomas. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Blood-brain barrier dysfunction quantification using advanced imaging analyses has the potential to be used for assessment of brain tumor characteristics and behavior and, particularly, to help differentiating gliomas from meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Hanael
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Reehovot, Israel
| | - Shelly Baruch
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Reehovot, Israel
| | - Orit Chai
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Reehovot, Israel
| | - Liron Lishitsky
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Reehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Blum
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Reehovot, Israel
| | - Kira Rapoport
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Reehovot, Israel
| | - Marco Ruggeri
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Reehovot, Israel
| | - Zahi Aizenberg
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Reehovot, Israel
| | - Dana Peery
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Reehovot, Israel
| | - Nina Meyerhoff
- School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger Andreas Volk
- School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven De Decker
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Andrea Tipold
- School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgaertner
- School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alon Friedman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Neuroscience Halifax, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Brain, and Cognitive Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Merav Shamir
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Reehovot, Israel
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Intracranial Granular Cell Tumours in Three Dogs: Atypical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features and Immunohistochemical Study. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020134. [PMID: 36851438 PMCID: PMC9962801 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial granular cell tumours (GCT) are uncommon neoplasms of uncertain cellular origin that are rarely reported in dogs. This case series describes three aged dogs that presented with neurological signs in which magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed plaquelike extra-axial lesions that were hypointense on T2-weighted (T2w) images. The surgical biopsy of the lesions and necropsies were followed by histochemical characterisation with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and immunohistochemistry with ubiquitin, S-100, and SOX-10 to elucidate the cellular origin. The immunohistochemical study indicated that these intracranial GCTs were not of Schwann cell origin. In conclusion, GCTs should be considered a differential diagnosis of intracranial, extra-axial hypointense brain lesions on T2w MR images.
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Schneider N, Blutke A, Matiasek K, Parzefall B. Intracranial Subdural Fluid Accumulation Associated with a Choroid Plexus Carcinoma in a Dog. Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010024. [PMID: 36669025 PMCID: PMC9867285 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroid plexus tumors are commonly described as intraventricular mass lesions and account for 7-10% of intracranial, primary tumors in dogs. A 3-year-old Shetland sheepdog was presented with a history of slowly progressive lethargy, vision impairment and cognitive deficits. On magnetic resonance imaging, a subdural fluid accumulation (SFA) overlying and compressing the left parietotemporal lobe as well as multifocal changes consisting of cyst-like lesions, supposed intra-axial brain lesions and mild, multifocal meningeal thickening and generalized contrast enhancement were identified. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed a mononuclear pleocytosis with negative results for infectious agents. The dog was treated with prednisolone followed by burr hole craniotomy with puncture of the SFA, which macroscopically appeared to be CSF-like fluid. After initial improvement, the dog deteriorated despite continuation of prednisolone and cytarabine therapy and was euthanized four weeks after surgery. Histopathology was consistent with a disseminated, neuroinvasive choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) that involved the entire neuroaxis including the meninges of the brain and spinal cord. Immunohistochemical examination showed a strong Kir7.1 and a heterogenous cytokeratin-immunoreactivity in neoplastic cells. In conclusion, a CPC should be considered as a possible cause of a SFA even in the absence of an intraventricular mass lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schneider
- Small Animal Clinic Oberhaching, Bajuwarenring 10, 82041 Oberhaching, Germany
| | - Andreas Blutke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Parzefall
- Small Animal Clinic Oberhaching, Bajuwarenring 10, 82041 Oberhaching, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-63893020
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Petit CV, Chen AV, Murthy VD, Roberts GD, Valerio‐López C. MRI and CT characteristics of a grade I meningioma with concurrent cribriform plate lysis in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clifford V. Petit
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - Annie V. Chen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - Vishal D. Murthy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - Gregory D. Roberts
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - Carlos Valerio‐López
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
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Beckmann K, Kowalska M, Meier V. Solitary intraventricular tumors in dogs and cats treated with radiotherapy alone or combined with ventriculoperitoneal shunts: A retrospective descriptive case series. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 37:204-215. [PMID: 36382395 PMCID: PMC9889607 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraventricular tumors are rare, optimal treatment is not defined. Symptomatic patients often exhibit life-threatening hydrocephalus. With several months time-to-effect after radiotherapy (RT), increased intracranial pressure is concerning. This increase in pressure can be overcome by ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS). OBJECTIVES Retrospective evaluation of outcome and complications in dogs and cats with intracranial tumors treated with either RT or VPS/RT. ANIMALS Twelve client-owned cats and dogs. METHODS Dogs and cats with symptomatic intraventricular tumors treated with definitive-intent RT or VPS/RT were included in a retrospective, descriptive case series. Complications, tumor volume evolution, time-to-progression, and survival time were determined. RESULTS Twelve animals were included: 1 cat and 5 dogs treated with single-modality RT and 4 cats and 2 dogs treated with VPS/RT. Neurological worsening seen in 4/6 animals during single-modality RT and 2/6 died during RT (suspected brain herniation). All dogs with VPS normalized clinically by the end of RT or earlier. Complications occurred in 4/6 animals, all but 1 were successfully managed surgically. Imaging follow-up in 8 animals surviving RT showed a marked decrease in tumor volume. Median survival time was 162 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16; infinity) for animals treated with RT and 1103 days (95%CI: 752; infinity) for animals treated with VPS/RT. Median time-to-progression was 71 days (95%CI: 7; infinity) and 895 days (95%CI: 704; infinity) for each group, respectively. Two dogs died because of intraventricular metastasis 427 and 461 days after single-modality RT. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Ventriculoperitoneal shunting led to rapid normalization of neurological signs and RT had a measurable effect on tumor volume. Combination of VPS/RT seems to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Beckmann
- Department for Small Animals, Division of Surgery, Section of NeurologyVetsuisse Faculty, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Malwina Kowalska
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland,Ophthalmology Section, Equine DepartmentVetsuisse Faculty, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Valeria Meier
- Department for Small Animals, Division of Radiation OncologyVetsuisse Faculty, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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14
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Muller K, Kim E, Lebowitz A, Daverio H. A High Grade Astrocytoma with Pilocytic Morphology in a 5-Month-Old American Bulldog. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100580. [PMID: 36288193 PMCID: PMC9609793 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dogs are valuable models for spontaneous intracranial neoplasia in humans. The most common intracranial neoplasm in dogs is meningioma, followed by glioma and choroid plexus tumors. Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is a form of glioma and is a common childhood and adolescent tumor in humans. There have been two previous reports of PA in dogs. These cases were both adult dogs and the clinical and imaging features were not described. This report describes a 23-week-old female intact American Bulldog with a 2-week progressive history of neurologic dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large hemorrhagic mass that was confirmed on post-mortem examination to be a high-grade astrocytoma with pilocytic morphology. This case is the first to report a high-grade astrocytoma with pilocytic morphology in a juvenile dog. Abstract A 23-week-old female intact American Bulldog was presented for a two-week history of progressive circling to the right, twitching, and altered mentation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a non-contrast enhancing hemorrhagic mass centered in the right thalamus with concurrent subdural and intraventricular hemorrhage. Post-mortem histologic examination of the brain confirmed a mass centered on the thalamus with histomorphologic features consistent with a high-grade astrocytoma with pilocytic morphology. To the authors’ knowledge, the present case is the first to report clinical and imaging characteristics of a high-grade astrocytoma with pilocytic morphology in a young dog.
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15
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Gutmann S, Flegel T, Müller M, Möbius R, Matiasek K, König F, Winkler D, Grunert R. Case Report: Clinical Use of a Patient-Individual Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Stereotactic Navigation Device for Brain Biopsies in Three Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:876741. [PMID: 35915727 PMCID: PMC9337988 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.876741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques for patient-individual medicine has found its way into veterinary neurosurgery. Because of the high accuracy of 3D printed specific neurosurgical navigation devices, it seems to be a safe and reliable option to use patient-individual constructions for sampling brain tissue. Due to the complexity and vulnerability of the brain a particularly precise and safe procedure is required. In a recent cadaver study a better accuracy for the 3D printed MRI-based patient individual stereotactic brain biopsy device for dogs is determined compared to the accuracies of other biopsy systems which are currently used in veterinary medicine. This case report describes the clinical use of this 3D printed MRI-based patient individual brain biopsy device for brain sampling in three dogs. The system was characterized by a simple handling. Furthermore, it was an effective and reliable tool to gain diagnostic brain biopsy samples in dogs with no significant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gutmann
- Department for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sarah Gutmann
| | - Thomas Flegel
- Department for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcel Müller
- Medical Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Möbius
- Department for Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian König
- Small Animal Practice, Neurology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Dirk Winkler
- Department for Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronny Grunert
- Medical Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Dresden, Germany
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16
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Staudinger C, Meier V, Beckmann K, Körner M, Rohrer Bley C. Treatment of intracranial neoplasia in dogs using higher doses: A randomized controlled trial comparing a boosted to a conventional radiation protocol. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 36:1353-1364. [PMID: 35775129 PMCID: PMC9308416 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local progression of intracranial tumors can be the consequence of insufficient radiation dose delivered. Dose increases in the brain must be made carefully so as not to risk debilitating adverse effects such as radiation necrosis. HYPOTHESIS A new protocol with 10 × 4 Gy + 11% physical dose increase limited to the macroscopic tumor volume results in a clinically better outcome compared to a 10 × 4 Gy protocol. ANIMALS Fifty-seven client-owned dogs with primary intracranial neoplasia. METHODS Randomized controlled trial. Twenty-eight dogs were assigned to the control protocol (10 × 4 Gy) and 29 to the simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) protocol with 4.45 Gy dose increase. Treatment groups were compared for outcome and signs of toxicity. RESULTS Mild, transient acute or early-delayed adverse radiation effects were observed in 5 dogs. Severe late adverse effects were not seen. Between the protocols, no significant differences were found for outcome (intention-to-treat analysis): overall time to progression (TTP) was 708 days (95% confidence interval (95% CI) [545,872]), in the control group it was 828 days (95% CI [401,1256]), and in the SIB group 627 days (95% CI [282,973]; P = .07). Median overall survival (OS) was 684 days (95% CI [516,853]), in the control group it was 724 days (95% CI [623,826]), and in the SIB group 557 days (95% CI [95,1020]; P = .47). None of the tested variables was prognostic in terms of outcome. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The dose escalation used with an 11% physical dose increase did not result in better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Staudinger
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Meier
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Beckmann
- Division of Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Körner
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carla Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Carloni A, Bernardini M, Mattei C, De Magistris AV, Llabres-Diaz F, Williams J, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Oevermann A, Schweizer-Gorgas D, Finck C, Masseau I, Lorenzo V, Sabatini A, Contiero B, Specchi S. Can MRI differentiate between ring-enhancing gliomas and intra-axial abscesses? Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:563-572. [PMID: 35509117 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas of the brain may appear as expansile ring-enhancing masses in MRI studies, mimicking the appearance of intra-axial abscesses. The aims of this study were to compare the MRI features of ring-enhancing gliomas and intra-axial brain abscesses in dogs and cats and to identify the characteristics that might help differentiate them. For this multicenter, retrospective, and observational study, the inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) a definitive diagnosis of glioma or abscess based on cytological or histopathological examination following CSF collection or surgical biopsy/necropsy, respectively; (b) MRI study performed with a high- or low-field MRI scanner, including a same plane T1W pre- and postcontrast, a T2W and a T2 FLAIR sequence in at least one plane. If available, delayed T1W postcontrast, T2*W GE, DWI/ADC, and SWI sequences were also evaluated. Sixteen patients were diagnosed with ring-enhancing gliomas, and 15 were diagnosed with intra-axial abscesses. A homogenous signal on T1W (P = 0.049) and T2W (P = 0.042) sequences, a T2W (P = 0.005) or T2*W GE (P = 0.046) peripheral hypointense halo, and an even enhancing capsule (P = 0.002) were significantly associated with brain abscesses. A progressive central enhancement on delayed T1W postcontrast sequences was correlated with ring-enhancing gliomas (P = 0.009). The combination of the following features was suggestive of brain abscess: homogeneous T1W or T2W signal intensity, a T2W or T2*W GE peripheral hypointense halo and an evenly enhancing capsule. Central progression of enhancement on delayed T1W postcontrast sequences was suggestive of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Carloni
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Veterinary Hospital "I Portoni Rossi" Anicura Italy, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bernardini
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Veterinary Hospital "I Portoni Rossi" Anicura Italy, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Clinical Section, University of Padua, Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Mattei
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Veterinary Hospital "I Portoni Rossi" Anicura Italy, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Vittoria De Magistris
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Veterinary Hospital "I Portoni Rossi" Anicura Italy, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Jonathan Williams
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Cyrielle Finck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Masseau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Clinical Section, University of Padua, Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Swan Specchi
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Veterinary Hospital "I Portoni Rossi" Anicura Italy, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
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18
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Johnson PJ, Rivard BC, Wood JH, DiRubio ML, Henry JG, Miller AD. Relationship between histological tumor margins and magnetic resonance imaging signal intensities in brain neoplasia of dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1039-1048. [PMID: 35488504 PMCID: PMC9151476 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial neoplasia is relatively common in dogs and stereotactic radiotherapy, surgical debulking, or both, are the most successful treatment approaches. A key component of treatment planning involves delineating tumor margin on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. How MRI signal intensity alterations relate to histological tumor margins is unknown. OBJECTIVES Directly compare histological brain sections to MRI sequence images and determine which sequence alteration best correlates with tumor margins. ANIMALS Five dogs with glioma, 4 dogs with histiocytic sarcoma, and 3 dogs with meningioma. METHODS Retrospective cohort study. Histological brain sections were registered to in vivo MRI scan images obtained within 7 days of necropsy. Margins of signal intensity alterations (T2-weighted, fluid-attenuating inversion recovery [FLAIR], T1-weighted and contrast enhancement) were compared directly to solid tumor and surgical margins identified on histology. Jacquard similarity metrics (JSM) and cross-sectional areas were calculated. RESULTS In glioma cases, margins drawn around T2-weighted hyperintensity were most similar to surgical margins (JSM, 0.66 ± 0.17) when compared to other sequences. In both meningioma (JSM, 0.57 ± 0.21) and histiocytic sarcoma (JSM, 0.75 ± 0.11) margins of contrast enhancement were most similar to surgical margins. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Signal intensities correspond to tumor margins for different tumor types and facilitate surgical and radiation therapy planning using MRI images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa J Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin C Rivard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan H Wood
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mattisen L DiRubio
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Joshua G Henry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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19
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Gutmann S, Tästensen C, Böttcher IC, Dietzel J, Loderstedt S, Kohl S, Matiasek K, Flegel T. Clinical use of a new frameless optical neuronavigation system for brain biopsies: 10 cases (2013-2020). J Small Anim Pract 2022; 63:468-481. [PMID: 35141897 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the retrospective study was to describe the brain biopsy procedure using a new frameless optical neuronavigation system and to report diagnostic yield and complications associated with the procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medical records for all dogs with forebrain lesions that underwent brain biopsy with a frameless optical neuronavigation system in a single referral hospital between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively analysed. Following data were collected: signalment, neurological signs, diagnostic findings, number of brain biopsy samples, sampled region, complications, duration of hospitalisation, whether the samples were diagnostic and histopathological diagnoses. The device consists of a computer workstation with navigation software, an infrared camera, patient tracker and reflective instruments. The biopsy needle was equipped with reflective spheres, so the surgeon could see the position of the needle during sampling the intracranial lesion free handed through a mini-burr hole. RESULTS Ten dogs were included. Absolute diagnostic yield based on specific histopathological diagnosis was 73.9%. Three dogs had immune-mediated necrotizing encephalitis, two dogs showed a necrotizing leukoencephalitis and two dogs a meningoencephalitis of unknown origin. In two dogs, the brain specimen showed unspecific changes. In one dog, the samples were non-diagnostic. Seven dogs showed no neurological deterioration, one dog mild temporary ataxia and two dogs died within 36 hours post brain biopsy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In these 10 dogs, the frameless optical neuronavigation system employed was useful to gain diagnostic brain biopsy samples. Considering the mortality rate observed, further studies are needed to confirm the safety of this procedure and prove its actual clinical effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gutmann
- Department for Small Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - C Tästensen
- Department for Small Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - I C Böttcher
- Department for Small Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Dietzel
- Department for Small Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Loderstedt
- Department for Small Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Kohl
- Department for Small Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Matiasek
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - T Flegel
- Department for Small Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Mai W, Burke EE, Reetz JA, Hecht S, Paek M, Church ME, Werre SR, Mariani CL, Griffin JF, Glass EN. High-field MRI using standard pulse sequences has moderate to substantial interobserver agreement and good accuracy for differentiation between intracranial extra-axial histiocytic sarcoma and meningioma in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 63:176-184. [PMID: 34881469 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial extra-axial histiocytic sarcoma shares common MRI features with meningioma. As histiocytic sarcoma carries a generally worse prognosis than meningioma, the ability to differentiate between these two neoplasms is of clinical value. The aim of this retrospective diagnostic accuracy and observer agreement study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of high-field MRI to differentiate between these two tumors, using standard pulse sequences and published MRI features. A total of 51 dogs were included (26 meningiomas and 25 histiocytic sarcomas). Magnetic resonance imaging examinations were independently assessed by three experienced board-certified radiologists, evaluating 18 imaging features. They were asked to assign each case to one of three categories (meningioma, histiocytic sarcoma, and undetermined). Agreement for the MRI diagnosis across all three reviewers was moderate (κ 0.54) while paired interobserver agreement ranged from moderate to substantial (κ 0.58-0.74) with percent agreement ranging between 86.1% and 87.7%. Overall, the probability of correctly diagnosing meningioma in a dog with this tumor ranged between 79.2% and 94.4%, and the probability of correctly diagnosing histiocytic sarcoma in a dog with this tumor ranged between 76.0% and 92.3%. The overall probability to diagnose the correct tumor, irrespective of type, ranged between 79.2% and 89.7%. Histiocytic sarcomas tended to have more extensive edema and more often had combined perilesional and distant meningeal enhancement affecting both pachy- and leptomeninges, while for meningiomas, meningeal enhancement tended to more commonly be perilesional and pachymeningeal. Imaging features that seemed more useful to make a correct diagnosis included "location/type of meningeal enhancement," "osseous changes in the adjacent neurocranium," "cystic changes," and "herniation severity."
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Mai
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily E Burke
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Emily Burke's current affiliation is, Triangle Veterinary Referral Hospitals, Durham, NC
| | - Jennifer A Reetz
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Silke Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew Paek
- Synergy Veterinary Imaging Partners, Virginia, Maryland, USA
| | - Molly E Church
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen R Werre
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher L Mariani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - John F Griffin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Eric N Glass
- Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Compassion First Pet Hospitals, Tinton Falls, New Jersey, USA
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21
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Mallol C, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Hammond G, Schweizer-Gorgas D, De Decker S, Novellas R, Espada Y, Oevermann A, Ortega M, Parry A, Coelho AM, Gonçalves R, Stalin C, Brocal J. MRI features of canine hemangiosarcoma affecting the central nervous system. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 63:185-196. [PMID: 34873768 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemangiosarcoma is the most common metastatic tumor involving the brain in dogs but detailed published descriptions of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features are lacking. The objective of this multi-center, retrospective case series study was to describe MRI characteristics of canine hemangiosarcoma affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Medical records of seven referral institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Dogs were included if they had a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma affecting the CNS and undergone an MRI of the brain and/or vertebral column. Lesions were independently evaluated by two observers. Twenty dogs met the inclusion criteria and one dog had both intracranial and intramedullary hemangiosarcoma. Consistent MRI features included heterogeneous (17/21) lesions in all sequences with mainly mixed signal intensity (12/21), presence of susceptibility artifact on T2*w (15/16), associated moderate to severe perilesional edema (21/21), and moderate to strong (20/21) heterogeneous (14/21) or ring-like (6/21) contrast enhancement. Intracranial hemangiosarcoma was frequently multiple and intra-axial, affecting consistently the telencephalon and no differences in MRI features were found between primary and metastatic hemangiosarcoma. This is the first MRI description of primary intracranial hemangiosarcoma and primary intracranial epithelioid hemangiosarcoma. Vertebral hemangiosarcomas were segmental poorly marginated polyostotic and highly aggressive lesions invading the thoracic vertebral canal and paraspinal tissues. Epidural hemangiosarcomas were single and well-marginated lesions in the thoracolumbar and/or lumbar region. Intramedullary hemangiosarcomas were cervical, metastatic in origin, and frequently (3/4) accompanied by intracranial lesions. These described MRI features will aid early identification of hemangiosarcoma guiding subsequent diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mallol
- Diagnostic Imaging Service of the Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | | | - Gawain Hammond
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniela Schweizer-Gorgas
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Steven De Decker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Diagnostic Imaging Service of the Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Diagnostic Imaging Service of the Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Ortega
- Centro Clínico Veterinario Indautxu, San Mames Zumarkalea 38, Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Andrew Parry
- Willows Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull, West Midlands, UK
| | - Ana Maria Coelho
- WEAR REFERRALS Veterinary Hospital, Bradbury, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - Rita Gonçalves
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, UK
| | - Catherine Stalin
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Josep Brocal
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester, Hampshire, UK
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22
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Coppola G, Morris J, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Burnside S, José-López R. Comparison of response assessment in veterinary neuro-oncology and two volumetric neuroimaging methods to assess therapeutic brain tumour responses in veterinary patients. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:404-415. [PMID: 34792828 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Standardized veterinary neuroimaging response assessment methods for brain tumours are lacking. Consequently, a response assessment in veterinary neuro-oncology (RAVNO) system which uses the sum product of orthogonal lesion diameters on 1-image section with the largest tumour area, has recently been proposed. In this retrospective study, 22 pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies from 18 dogs and four cats with suspected intracranial neoplasia were compared by a single observer to 32 post-treatment MRIs using the RAVNO system and two volumetric methods based on tumour margin or area delineation with HOROS and 3D Slicer software, respectively. Intra-observer variability was low, with no statistically significant differences in agreement index between methods (mean AI ± SD, 0.91 ± 0.06 for RAVNO; 0.86 ± 0.08 for HOROS; and 0.91 ± 0.05 for 3D slicer), indicating good reproducibility. Response assessments consisting of complete or partial responses, and stable or progressive disease, agreed in 23 out of 32 (72%) MRI evaluations using the three methods. The RAVNO system failed to identify changes in mass burden detected with volumetric methods in six cases. 3D Slicer differed from the other two methods in three cases involving cysts or necrotic tissue as it allowed for more accurate exclusion of these structures. The volumetric response assessment methods were more precise in determining changes in absolute tumour burden than RAVNO but were more time-consuming to use. Based on observed agreement between methods, low intra-observer variability and decreased time constraint, RAVNO might be a suitable response assessment method for the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Coppola
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joanna Morris
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shona Burnside
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Roberto José-López
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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23
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Wanamaker MW, Vernau KM, Taylor SL, Cissell DD, Abdelhafez YG, Zwingenberger AL. Classification of neoplastic and inflammatory brain disease using MRI texture analysis in 119 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 62:445-454. [PMID: 33634942 PMCID: PMC9970026 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging is the primary method used to diagnose canine glial cell neoplasia and noninfectious inflammatory meningoencephalitis. Subjective differentiation of these diseases can be difficult due to overlapping imaging characteristics. This study utilizes texture analysis (TA) of intra-axial lesions both as a means to quantitatively differentiate these broad categories of disease and to help identify glial tumor grade/cell type and specific meningoencephalitis subtype in a group of 119 dogs with histologically confirmed diagnoses. Fifty-nine dogs with gliomas and 60 dogs with noninfectious inflammatory meningoencephalitis were retrospectively recruited and randomly split into training (n = 80) and test (n = 39) cohorts. Forty-five of 120 texture metrics differed significantly between cohorts after correcting for multiple testing (false discovery rate < 0.05). After training the random forest algorithm, the classification accuracy for the test set was 85% (sensitivity 89%, specificity 81%). TA was only partially able to differentiate the inflammatory subtypes (granulomatous meningoencephalitis [GME], necrotizing meningoencephalitis [NME], and necrotizing leukoencephalitis [NLE]) (out-of-bag error rate of 35.0%) and was unable to identify metrics that could correctly classify glioma grade or cell type (out-of-bag error rate of 59.6% and 47.5%, respectively). Multiple demographic differences, such as patient age, sex, weight, and breed were identified between disease cohorts and subtypes which may be useful in prioritizing differential diagnoses. TA of MR images with a random forest algorithm provided classification accuracy of inflammatory and neoplastic brain disease approaching the accuracy of previously reported subjective radiologist evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason W. Wanamaker
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis 95616, CA
| | - Karen M. Vernau
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616, CA
| | | | - Derek D. Cissell
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616, CA
| | - Yasser G. Abdelhafez
- Department of Radiology University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento 95817, CA
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Rohrer Bley C, Staudinger C, Bley T, Marconato L, Sabattini S, Beckmann K. Canine presumed glial brain tumours treated with radiotherapy: Is there an inferior outcome in tumours contacting the subventricular zone? Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:29-37. [PMID: 33900018 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Post-treatment outcome in canine glial tumours is described with a broad range of survival times between 2 and 28 months. After surgery or radiation therapy, the tumours may progress locally or spread within the central nervous system. It is unknown if tumour- or patient-specific factors influence prognosis. In humans, glioblastoma involving the subventricular zone has been found to recur distantly, with shortened time to progression and overall survival. We included 32 dogs irradiated for a presumptive primary glial brain tumour in this retrospective cohort study. Tumours were grouped relative to subventricular zone contact and overt ventricular invasion assessing pre-treatment magnetic resonance images. Median time to progression (TTP) for all cases was 534 days (95%CI, 310-758), with a significantly shorter TTP in dogs with lesions at the subventricular zone (median TTP, 260 vs. 687 days; p = .049). Tumours at the subventricular zone progressed more often (p = .001), and more likely as CNS-metastasis (52.9% vs. 13.3%, p = .028). Median overall survival (OS) was 489 days (95%CI, 147-831) and median tumour-specific survival 609 days (95%CI, 382-835). Involvement of the subventricular zone was significantly associated with a shorter tumour-specific survival (median, 306 vs. 719 days; p = .044). Glial tumours contacting the subventricular zone in dogs have a shorter tumour-specific survival and a higher rate of progression and CNS-metastasis. Despite local tumour control, metastasis must be considered and should prompt further treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chris Staudinger
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Bley
- Neurology Service, Small Animal Clinic Aarau West, Oberentfelden, Switzerland
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katrin Beckmann
- Neurology Service, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Indzhova V, Erles K, Brocal J. MRI findings of ependymoma in a 12‐month‐old cat. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Lampe R, Levitin HA, Hecht S, Vieson MD, Selting KA, Hague DW, Foss KD. MRI of CNS lymphoma with choroid plexus involvement in five dogs and one cat. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:690-699. [PMID: 33769594 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical features, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and outcome of dogs and cats with central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma that involved the choroid plexus. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bi-institutional retrospective study of MRI of dogs and cats with CNS lymphoma, in which the choroid plexus was affected on MRI. Signalment, clinical, MRI, clinicopathologic and histopathologic findings were recorded and evaluated. RESULTS CNS lymphoma with choroid plexus involvement on the MRI was identified in five dogs and one cat. MRI revealed diffuse enlargement and multifocal nodularity in the choroid plexus in most cases, with the fourth ventricle the most common site affected. Five of the cases had signs of extraneural involvement (including the cat), while the sixth case was not staged. Four of five CSF samples analysed provided a diagnosis of lymphoma. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE We report MRI findings of CNS lymphoma involving the choroid plexus. These results show the importance of recognising novel imaging patterns and the potential utility of CSF collection in diagnosing CNS lymphoma involving the choroid plexus ante mortem.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lampe
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - H A Levitin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - S Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - M D Vieson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - K A Selting
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - D W Hague
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - K D Foss
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
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27
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Harrison E, Grapes NJ, Volk HA, De Decker S. Clinical reasoning in canine vestibular syndrome: Which presenting factors are important? Vet Rec 2021; 188:e61. [PMID: 33739504 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the use of clinical reasoning has been evaluated for several neurological presentations, this approach has not yet been investigated for dogs with vestibular syndrome. METHODS Two hundred and thirty-nine dogs presenting with vestibular syndrome were included in this retrospective study. Univariate analysis of variables (clinical history, signalment, clinical presentation and neurological examination findings) was performed. Variables with p < 0.3 were selected for logistic regression. RESULTS Ninety-five percent of dogs were represented by eight conditions: idiopathic vestibular disease (n = 78 dogs), otitis media interna (n = 54), meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (n = 35), brain neoplasia (n = 26), ischaemic infarct (n = 25), intracranial empyema (n = 4), metronidazole toxicity (n = 3) and neoplasia affecting the middle ear (n = 3). Idiopathic vestibular disease was associated with higher age, higher bodyweight, improving clinical signs, pathological nystagmus, facial nerve paresis, absence of Horner's syndrome and a peripheral localisation. Otitis media interna was associated with younger age, male gender, Horner's syndrome, a peripheral localisation and a history of otitis externa. Ischaemic infarct was associated with older age, peracute onset of signs, absence of strabismus and a central localisation. CONCLUSIONS Discrete clinical features can be used to identify the most likely diagnosis in dogs with vestibular syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Harrison
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - Nick J Grapes
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - Holger A Volk
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven De Decker
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
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Alcoverro E, Sánchez‐Masián D, Ricci E, Schiborra F, Morris J, Finotello R. Cranial solitary osseous plasmacytoma and subjacent amyloid deposition in a dog. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:2498-2503. [PMID: 33363766 PMCID: PMC7752354 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solitary osseous plasmacytomas affecting the vertebrae, the zygomatic arch, and ribs occur in dogs. In this report, we describe clinical and imaging features of a solitary osseous plasmacytoma affecting the skull with deposition of amyloid forming a mass-like lesion. To the authors' knowledge, no similar cases have been reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emili Alcoverro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical ScienceInstitute of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolNestonUK
| | | | - Emanuele Ricci
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public HealthInstitute of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolNestonUK
| | - Frederike Schiborra
- Department of Small Animal Clinical ScienceInstitute of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolNestonUK
| | - Joanna Morris
- Small Animal HospitalSchool of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Riccardo Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical ScienceInstitute of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolNestonUK
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29
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Definitive-intent uniform megavoltage fractioned radiotherapy protocol for presumed canine intracranial gliomas: retrospective analysis of survival and prognostic factors in 38 cases (2013-2019). BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:412. [PMID: 33129320 PMCID: PMC7603708 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy (RT) is currently considered the treatment of choice for presumed canine intracranial gliomas. However, variable therapeutic responses are described, due to heterogeneous populations and different radiation methods or protocols. Only one study dedicated to intracranial suspected glioma highlighted prognostic criteria. Determination or confirmation of specific clinical and imaging prognostic factors may guide the therapeutic management of these tumours. The objectives were to provide data on long-term clinical outcome (including quality of life, QoL) and to determine specific prognostic factors associated with survival time. We report a single-institution retrospective study, including all dogs with suspected symptomatic primary solitary intracranial glioma, treated with a complete uniform fractionated megavoltage radiation protocol of 15x3Gy over 5 weeks, between January 2013 and February 2019. Thirty-eight client-owned dogs were included. Medical records were retrospectively evaluated for median overall survival time (MST), clinical and imaging responses. Prognostic factors on survival were researched in terms of signalment, clinical presentation, tumour imaging characteristics and response following RT. Finally, the RT’s impact on the dogs’ clinical signs and Qol were evaluated by the owners. Results The disease-specific MST was 698 days (95% CI: 598–1135). Survival at 1 and 2 years were respectively 74.2 ± 7.4% and 49.0 ± 9.8%. Initial clinical signs were related to survival, as well as tumour characteristics such as cystic-pattern, mass effect and Tumour/Brain volume ratio. No significant adverse effect or radiotoxicity was observed. Conclusions RT appears as a safe and effective treatment for canine intracranial gliomas, allowing long-term tumour control, improvement of life’s quality and management of associated clinical signs. The initial clinical signs and MRI characteristics (Tumour/Brain volume ratio, cyst-like lesion and mass effect) may help predict the prognosis.
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30
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Morimoto CY, Waldner CL, Fan V, Sidhu N, Matthews Q, Randall E, Griffin L, Keyerleber M, Rancilio N, Vanhaezebrouck I, Zwueste D, Mayer MN. Use of MRI increases interobserver agreement on gross tumor volume for imaging-diagnosed canine intracranial meningioma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 61:726-737. [PMID: 33090601 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of information regarding interobserver agreement on canine meningioma gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation, and on the impact of MRI on this agreement. The objectives of this retrospective, secondary analysis, observer agreement study were to describe agreement between veterinary radiation oncologists on GTV for canine intracranial meningioma, and to compare interobserver agreement between delineation based on CT alone and delineation based on fused CT-MRI. Eighteen radiation oncologists delineated GTV for 13 dogs with an imaging diagnosis of meningioma on pre- and postcontrast CT, pre- and postcontrast T1-weighted magnetic resonance, and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), concordance index (CI), and center of volume (COV) were used to quantify interobserver agreement. Multilevel mixed models were used to examine the difference in volume, DSC, CI and COV 3D distance between CT and CT-MR imaging. The mean volume for GTV contours delineated using fused CT-MRI was larger than when CT alone was used for delineation (mean difference CT-MR - CT = 0.89 cm3, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.12, P < .001). Interobserver agreement on GTV was improved when MRI was used; the mean DSC and CI were higher, and the mean COV 3D distance was lower, when fused CT-MRI was used than when CT alone was used (P < .001 for all differences). Based on our results, fused CT-MRI is recommended for radiation therapy planning of canine intracranial meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Y Morimoto
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Waldner
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Vivian Fan
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | | | - Elissa Randall
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lynn Griffin
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Michele Keyerleber
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Rancilio
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences & Animal Cancer Care & Research Center, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Danielle Zwueste
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Monique N Mayer
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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31
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Gutmann S, Winkler D, Müller M, Möbius R, Fischer JP, Böttcher P, Kiefer I, Grunert R, Flegel T. Accuracy of a magnetic resonance imaging-based 3D printed stereotactic brain biopsy device in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:844-851. [PMID: 32091636 PMCID: PMC7096628 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain biopsy of intracranial lesions is often necessary to determine specific therapy. The cost of the currently used stereotactic rigid frame and optical tracking systems for brain biopsy in dogs is often prohibitive or accuracy is not sufficient for all types of lesion. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the application accuracy of an inexpensive magnetic resonance imaging-based personalized, 3D printed brain biopsy device. ANIMALS Twenty-two dog heads from cadavers were separated into 2 groups according to body weight (<15 kg, >20 kg). METHODS Experimental study. Two target points in each cadaver head were used (target point 1: caudate nucleus, target point 2: piriform lobe). Comparison between groups was performed using the independent Student's t test or the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U Test. RESULTS The total median target point deviation was 0.83 mm (range 0.09-2.76 mm). The separate median target point deviations for target points 1 and 2 in all dogs were 0.57 mm (range: 0.09-1.25 mm) and 0.85 mm (range: 0.14-2.76 mm), respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This magnetic resonance imaging-based 3D printed stereotactic brain biopsy device achieved an application accuracy that was better than the accuracy of most brain biopsy systems that are currently used in veterinary medicine. The device can be applied to every size and shape of skull and allows precise positioning of brain biopsy needles in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gutmann
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Winkler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcel Müller
- Medical Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Möbius
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Fischer
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Clinic of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Böttcher
- Small Animal Clinic, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingmar Kiefer
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronny Grunert
- Medical Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Flegel
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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32
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Partridge B, Rossmeisl JH. Companion animal models of neurological disease. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 331:108484. [PMID: 31733285 PMCID: PMC6942211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical translation of novel therapeutics that improve the survival and quality of life of patients with neurological disease remains a challenge, with many investigational drug and device candidates failing in advanced stage clinical trials. Naturally occurring inherited and acquired neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, inborn errors of metabolism, brain tumors, spinal cord injury, and stroke occur frequently in companion animals, and many of these share epidemiologic, pathophysiologic and clinical features with their human counterparts. As companion animals have a relatively abbreviated lifespan and genetic background, are immunocompetent, share their environment with human caregivers, and can be clinically managed using techniques and tools similar to those used in humans, they have tremendous potential for increasing the predictive value of preclinical drug and device studies. Here, we review comparative features of spontaneous neurological diseases in companion animals with an emphasis on neuroimaging methods and features, illustrate their historical use in translational studies, and discuss inherent limitations associated with each disease model. Integration of companion animals with naturally occurring disease into preclinical studies can complement and expand the knowledge gained from studies in other animal models, accelerate or improve the manner in which research is translated to the human clinic, and ultimately generate discoveries that will benefit the health of humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittanie Partridge
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Blvd, NRC 405, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - John H Rossmeisl
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Blvd, NRC 405, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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KISHIMOTO TE, UCHIDA K, CHAMBERS JK, KOK MK, SON NV, SHIGA T, HIRABAYASHI M, USHIO N, NAKAYAMA H. A retrospective survey on canine intracranial tumors between 2007 and 2017. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:77-83. [PMID: 31801930 PMCID: PMC6983661 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the prevalence of canine intracranial tumors in Japan, a retrospective study was performed using data on 186 canine intracranial tumors. Of 186 cases, 159 cases (85.5%) were primary and 27 cases (14.5%) were secondary intracranial tumors. Among primary intracranial tumors, meningioma (50.9%) was the most common, followed by glial tumors (21.4%) and primary intracranial histiocytic sarcoma (12.6%). These 3 tumors were most frequently found in middle-aged to elderly dogs without any sex predilection. Regarding glial tumors, the incidence of oligodendroglial tumors (79.4%) was higher than that of astrocytic tumors (17.6%). A significant breed predisposition (P<0.05) was observed for meningioma in Rough Collie, Golden Retriever, Miniature Schnauzer, and Scottish Terrier; for glial tumors in Bouvier de Flandres, French Bulldog, Newfoundland, Bulldog, and Boxer; for primary intracranial histiocytic sarcoma in Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Siberian Husky, and Miniature Schnauzer. The high incidence of oligodendroglial tumors in dogs and the breed predisposition for primary intracranial histiocytic sarcoma in Pembroke Welsh Corgi have not been reported in previous epidemiological studies on canine tumors. Since the incidence of intracranial tumors was vary among dog breeds, the present results demonstrate the uniqueness of the canine breed population in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya E. KISHIMOTO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657,
Japan
| | - Kazuyuki UCHIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657,
Japan
| | - James K. CHAMBERS
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657,
Japan
| | - Mun Keong KOK
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657,
Japan
| | - Nguyen V. SON
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657,
Japan
| | - Takanori SHIGA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657,
Japan
| | - Miyuki HIRABAYASHI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657,
Japan
| | - Nanako USHIO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657,
Japan
| | - Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657,
Japan
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34
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Dobson JM. Significant advances in veterinary oncology - 60 years on. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:711-722. [PMID: 31742711 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The first edition of the Journal of Small Animal Practice published in February 1960, contained a paper entitled "Recent Treatments of Malignant Neoplasia" by Dr Larry Owen. Now we have reached the 60th anniversary of JSAP, that article provides a baseline from which to review subsequent advances in veterinary oncology, which now includes worldwide networks that have resulted in veterinary oncology becoming the multidisciplinary speciality that it is today. There certainly have been many advances in understanding of the pathology and epidemiology of animal cancers and in methods of diagnosis and treatment. However, the subject has become so large and diverse that not all aspects can be covered in detail here. It should also be acknowledged that there are still many gaps in knowledge in this field and that, because of a lack of randomised clinical trials, the evidence base for what is often regarded as "standard of care" is weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
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35
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Miller AD, Miller CR, Rossmeisl JH. Canine Primary Intracranial Cancer: A Clinicopathologic and Comparative Review of Glioma, Meningioma, and Choroid Plexus Tumors. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1151. [PMID: 31788444 PMCID: PMC6856054 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the dog, primary intracranial neoplasia represents ~2-5% of all cancers and is especially common in certain breeds including English and French bulldogs and Boxers. The most common types of primary intracranial cancer in the dog are meningioma, glioma, and choroid plexus tumors, generally occurring in middle aged to older dogs. Much work has recently been done to understand the characteristic imaging and clinicopathologic features of these tumors. The gross and histologic landscape of these tumors in the dog compare favorably to their human counterparts with many similarities noted in histologic patterns, subtype, and grades. Data informing the underlying molecular abnormalities in the canine tumors have only begun to be unraveled, but reveal similar pathways are mutated between canine and human primary intracranial neoplasia. This review will provide an overview of the clinicopathologic features of the three most common forms of primary intracranial cancer in the dog, delve into the comparative aspects between the dog and human neoplasms, and provide an introduction to current standard of care while also highlighting novel, experimental treatments that may help bridge the gap between canine and human cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Miller
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - C. Ryan Miller
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center and Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John H. Rossmeisl
- Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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36
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Gredal H, Thomsen BB, Westrup U, Boza-Serrano A, Deierborg T, McEvoy FJ, Platt S, Lambertsen KL, Berendt M. Diagnosis and long-term outcome in dogs with acute onset intracranial signs. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 61:101-109. [PMID: 31691284 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate dogs with acute onset of intracranial signs suspected of stroke by primary veterinary clinicians, and establish possible differential diagnoses and long-term outcome. In addition, serum C-reactive protein and plasma cytokines were investigated as potential biomarkers of disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS All cases were evaluated by neurologic examination, routine haematology and biochemistry and measurement of serum C-reactive protein, plasma cytokine concentrations (interleukin-2, -6, -8, -10, tumour necrosis factor) and low-field MRI. RESULTS Primary veterinarians contacted the investigators with 85 suspected stroke cases. Only 20 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, two were diagnosed with ischaemic stroke. Other causes were idiopathic vestibular syndrome (n=6), brain tumour (n=5) and inflammatory brain disease (n=2); in five cases a precise diagnosis could not be determined. Median survival times were: brain tumour, 3 days, idiopathic vestibular syndrome, 315 days, ischaemic stroke, 365 days and inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disease, 468 days. The median plasma concentrations of interleukin-2, -6, -8, -10 or tumour necrosis factor were not significantly increased in any of the diagnosis groups compared to healthy controls. Serum C-reactive protein was higher in dogs with brain tumours and inflammatory brain disease but not above the upper bound of the reference interval. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dogs that present with acute onset intracranial disease may have ischaemic stroke but are more likely to have other causes. Many dogs with such acute onset of neurological dysfunction (brain tumours excluded) may recover within a couple of weeks despite their initial severe clinical appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gredal
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B B Thomsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - U Westrup
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Boza-Serrano
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - T Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - F J McEvoy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Platt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, GA30602, USA
| | - K L Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - M Berendt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Menchetti M, De Risio L, Galli G, Bruto Cherubini G, Corlazzoli D, Baroni M, Gandini G. Neurological abnormalities in 97 dogs with detectable pituitary masses. Vet Q 2019; 39:57-64. [PMID: 31112462 PMCID: PMC6831018 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2019.1622819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pituitary tumours are common neoplasms of the sellar region in small animals. However, detailed information regarding the spectrum and severity of possible neurological signs are lacking. Objective: To retrospectively describe the neurological abnormalities in a population of dogs with a detectable pituitary mass (DPM) and relate them with the size of the mass and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of brain compression (BC). Client-owned dogs were included in the study if they had MRI showing a DPM and a detailed neurological examination. The neurological signs were evaluated in relation to the pituitary height/brain ratio (P:B ratio) and the presence/absence of brain compression. Results: Ninety-seven dogs were enrolled. Besides abnormal mentation and behaviour (77%), gait (61%) and cranial nerve abnormalities (44%), other unreported neurological signs observed included postural abnormalities (21%), pain and/or hyperesthesia (25%) and abnormal postural and proprioceptive reactions (49%). The majority of dogs with DPM had signs of BC. The presence of a high pituitary height/brain area and BC represented a risk factor for developing mental status abnormalities. Conclusion: Neurological signs recorded in DPM-affected dogs include not only the typical forebrain signs but also gait disturbances and hyperesthesia. Neurological signs are positively associated with increased P:B ratio and MRI signs of brain compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Menchetti
- a Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences , University of Bologna , Ozzano dell'Emilia , Italy
| | - Luisa De Risio
- b Department of Veterinary Neurology , The Animal Health Trust , Newmarket , Suffolk, UK
| | - Greta Galli
- a Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences , University of Bologna , Ozzano dell'Emilia , Italy
| | | | | | - Massimo Baroni
- e Clinica Veterinaria Valdinievole , Monsummano Terme , Italy
| | - Gualtiero Gandini
- a Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences , University of Bologna , Ozzano dell'Emilia , Italy
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Fleming KL, Maddox TW, Warren-Smith CMR. Three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient echo is a suitable alternative to two-dimensional T1-weighted spin echo for imaging the canine brain. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 60:543-551. [PMID: 31146303 PMCID: PMC6851596 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Volumetric imaging (VOL), a three‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, has been described in the literature for evaluation of the human brain. It offers several advantages over conventional two‐dimensional (2D) spin echo (SE), allowing rapid, whole‐brain, isotropic imaging with submillimeter voxels. This retrospective, observational study compares the use of 2D T1‐weighted SE (T1W SE), with T1W VOL, for the evaluation of dogs with clinical signs of intracranial disease. Brain MRI images from 160 dogs who had T1W SE and T1W VOL sequences acquired pre‐ and postcontrast, were reviewed for presence and characteristics of intracranial lesions. Twenty‐nine of 160 patients were found to have intracranial lesions, all visible on both sequences. Significantly better grey‐white matter (GWM) differentiation was identified with T1W VOL (P < .001), with fair agreement between the two sequences (weighted κ = 0.35). Excluding a mild reduction in lesion intensity in three dogs precontrast on the T1W VOL images compared to T1W SE, and meningeal enhancement noted on the T1W VOL images in one dog, not identified on T1W SE, there was otherwise complete agreement between the two sequences. The T1W VOL sequence provided equivalent lesion evaluation and significantly improved GWM differentiation. Images acquired were of comparable diagnostic quality to those produced using a conventional T1W SE technique, for assessment of lesion appearance, number, location, mass effect, and postcontrast enhancement. T1W VOL, therefore, provides a suitable alternative T1W sequence for canine brain evaluation and can facilitate a reduction in total image acquisition time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Fleming
- School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Thomas W Maddox
- School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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Hughes JR, Taylor-Brown FE, Greville-Heygate O, Constantino-Casas F, Williams DL, Genain MA. Multimodality characteristics of multifocal choroid plexus carcinoma with bilateral calvarial defects in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 62:E20-E25. [PMID: 30892784 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old male intact miniature poodle presented for blindness, obtundation, tetraparesis, and vestibular signs. Magnetic resonance imaging, radiography, and ultrasound revealed a left piriform lobe lesion, right cerebellar and left brainstem lesions, and hydrocephalus and bilateral calvarial defects. Histopathology confirmed a choroid plexus carcinoma with meningeal and intraventricular metastases. The calvarial defect did not show evidence of necrosis, osteoclastic resorption, inflammation or neoplastic infiltration, reflecting a quiescent calvarial atrophy or dysplasia. These novel findings supported inclusion of bone atrophy secondary to chronic increased intracranial pressure as a differential diagnosis for large calvarial defects in dogs with choroid plexus carcinoma.
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Granato T, Mesquita L, Costa R, Andrade Neto J, Maiorka P. Magnetic resonance imaging and pathological features of a mixed glioma in a dog: case report. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this report was to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathological features of a canine mixed glioma. A 12-year-old boxer male dog was presented for necropsy along with data from an MRI evaluation conducted ante-mortem. The images were examined and showed a poorly demarcated prosencephalic lesion, hyperintense on T2W images, hypointense on T1W images and heterogeneously hyperintense on T2W FLAIR images. There was mild nonuniform contrast enhancement, apparent midline shift, moderate perilesional edema and marked distortion of the adjacent lateral ventricle. The brain was evaluated macroscopically, microscopically and immunohistochemically. Grossly, there was a poorly demarcated soft mass, with areas of hemorrhage, within the left parietal and temporal lobes. Histologically, there was a densely cellular mass composed of two geographically distinct populations of neoplastic cells. The first population was composed of small and round cells organized in a honeycomb pattern. The second population constituted of intermingled streams and bundles of neoplastic cells that were strongly immunolabeled for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The diagnosis of a mixed glioma was based on MRI findings, and mainly on histological and immunohistochemical findings.
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Berns GS, Spivak M, Nemanic S, Northrup N. Clinical Findings in Dogs Trained for Awake-MRI. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:209. [PMID: 30234135 PMCID: PMC6127269 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Training dogs for awake-MRI began in 2012 for the study of canine cognition. Although originally envisioned as a research technique to understand the neural mechanisms of canine cognitive function, its potential as a new diagnostic clinical tool has become apparent. A high-quality structural scan of the brain can be acquired without sedation or anesthesia in as little as 30 s in a well-trained dog. This has opened the possibility of longitudinal imaging of CNS disease with MRI both as a means of monitoring treatment and potentially as a surveillance tool for inflammatory and neoplastic brain diseases in high-risk breeds. This same training can be used to image other body regions, such as the abdomen, enabling clinicians to screen for abdominal disease using cross sectional imaging without the need for anesthesia and without exposing the patient to ionizing radiation. We present four examples of dogs trained for awake-MRI who developed: (1) nasal carcinoma; (2) brain tumor; (3) abdominal lipoma; (4) idiopathic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Berns
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mark Spivak
- Dog Star Technologies, Sandy Springs, GA, United States
| | - Sarah Nemanic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Nicole Northrup
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Berlato D, Zwingenberger AL, Ruiz-Drebing M, Pradel J, Clark N, Kent MS. Canine meningiomas treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy require magnetic resonance imaging to avoid a geographic miss. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 59:777-785. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Berlato
- Animal Health Trust; Centre for Small Animal Studies; Suffolk CB87UU UK
| | - Allison L Zwingenberger
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California, Davis; Davis CA 95616
| | | | - Julie Pradel
- Animal Health Trust; Centre for Small Animal Studies; Suffolk CB87UU UK
| | - Nicola Clark
- Animal Health Trust; Centre for Small Animal Studies; Suffolk CB87UU UK
| | - Michael S Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California, Davis; Davis CA 95616
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Valentini A, Canal S, Mandara MT, Balducci F, Bernardini M. Intradural extramedullary granular cell tumour in a cat. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 61:259-262. [PMID: 29745421 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A 7-year-old domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for progressive paraparesis, inability to jump, a paralysed tail and inability to void the bladder. Neurologic examination was consistent with a L4-S3 localisation. Survey radiographs of the lumbar vertebral column revealed L4-L7 vertebral body remodelling. A pre-contrast T1-weighted hyperintense, diffusely enhancing intradural lesion extending from L4 to S1 vertebral bodies was detected by MRI. Large, mesenchymal, round-to-polygonal cells arranged in nests or sheets were found on histologic examination at post mortem. These cells were characterised by abundant intracytoplasmic PAS-positive, diastase-resistant granules and positive immunoexpression of vimentin, S-100, neuron-specific enolase and desmin. This is the first report of a spinal granular cell tumour in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valentini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - S Canal
- Neurology Unit, Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, 40069 Zola Predosa, Italy
| | - M T Mandara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Balducci
- Neurology Unit, Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, 40069 Zola Predosa, Italy
| | - M Bernardini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, 40069 Zola Predosa, Italy
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Li JY, Middleton DM, Chen S, White L, Corado CR, Vite C, Bradbury A, Provenzale JM. Quantitative DTI metrics in a canine model of Krabbe disease: comparisons versus age-matched controls across multiple ages. Neuroradiol J 2018; 31:168-176. [PMID: 29350082 PMCID: PMC5882059 DOI: 10.1177/1971400917733431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare quantitative diffusion tensor imaging metrics in dogs affected with a model of Krabbe disease to age-matched normal controls. We hypothesized that fractional anisotropy would be decreased and radial diffusivity would be increased in the Krabbe dogs. Methods We used a highly reproducible region-of-interest interrogation technique to measure fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity in three different white matter regions within the internal capsule and centrum semiovale in four Krabbe affected brains and three age-matched normal control brains. Results Despite all four Krabbe dogs manifesting pelvic limb paralysis at the time of death, age-dependent differences in DTI metrics were observed. In the 9, 12, and 14 week old Krabbe dogs, FA values unexpectedly increased and RD values decreased. FA values were generally higher and RD values generally lower in both regions of the internal capsule in the Krabbe brains during this period. FA values in the brain from the 16 week old Krabbe dog decreased and were lower than in control brains and RD values increased and were higher than in control brain. Conclusion Our findings suggest that FA and RD in the internal capsule and centrum semiovale are affected differently at different ages, despite disease having progressed to pelvic limb paralysis in all dogs evaluated. In 9, 12, and 14 week old Krabbe dogs, higher FA values and lower RD values are seen in the internal capsule. However, in the 16 week old Krabbe dog, lower FA and higher RD values are seen, consistent with previous observations in Krabbe dogs, as well as observations in human Krabbe patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven Chen
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, USA
| | - Leonard White
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, USA
| | | | - Charles Vite
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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Cook L, Tensley M, Drost WT, Koivisto C, Oglesbee M. MRI Findings of Suprasellar Germ Cell Tumors in Two Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2018; 54:167-172. [PMID: 29558220 PMCID: PMC6052451 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 4 yr old border collie presenting for mydriasis and decreased mentation and a 7 yr old Boston terrier presenting for obtundation, head tilt, and paraparesis were both evaluated using MRI. Findings in both included mass lesions of the thalamus and brainstem that were hypo- to isointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images with regions of hypointensity, and robust contrast enhancement and displacement of adjacent structures. Postmortem histopathology findings, tumor location, and a mixed pattern of epithelial cell differentiation were consistent with germ cell tumor in both cases. Germ cell tumor of the suprasellar region is an infrequently reported neoplasm of dogs and imaging findings in this species have not been well described in the prior literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Cook
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (L.C., M.T., W.T.D.) and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (C.K., M.O.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michelle Tensley
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (L.C., M.T., W.T.D.) and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (C.K., M.O.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Wm Tod Drost
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (L.C., M.T., W.T.D.) and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (C.K., M.O.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christopher Koivisto
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (L.C., M.T., W.T.D.) and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (C.K., M.O.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael Oglesbee
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (L.C., M.T., W.T.D.) and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (C.K., M.O.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Dolera M, Malfassi L, Pavesi S, Marcarini S, Sala M, Mazza G, Carrara N, Finesso S, Urso G. Stereotactic Volume Modulated Arc Radiotherapy in Canine Meningiomas: Imaging-Based and Clinical Neurological Posttreatment Evaluation. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2018; 54:77-84. [PMID: 29372870 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A prospective study to assess high-dose hypofractionated volume modulated arc radiotherapy feasibility and efficacy in canine meningiomas was conducted. Thirty-nine patients with encephalic and spinal meningiomas assumed from MRI findings were recruited and received high-dose hypofractionated volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy by a linear accelerator equipped with an external beam modulator micro-multileaf collimator and an XVI cone beam computed tomography system. The prescribed mean dose was 33 Gy in five fractions. The treatment feasibility was tested through planned and delivered dose agreement checks. Regular clinical examinations were performed during and after irradiation time, with regard to mentation, deambulation, cranial nerve dysfunction, and seizures. Serial MRI exams were done 60 days after irradiation and after 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo. Volumetric disease reduction criteria implemented with clinical neurological systematic evaluation were adopted to assess the course and to categorize patients' responses. Complete and partial responses were observed on the whole in 65.5% of alive patients 24 mo after irradiation. Two-yr overall and disease-specific survival rates were 74.3% and 97.4%, respectively, and the putative radiotoxic effects were found to be few and slight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dolera
- From the La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy (M.D., L.M., S.P., S.M., M.S., G.M., N.C., S.F.); and Azienda Ospedaliera della Provincia di Lodi, Lodi, Italy (G.U.)
| | - Luca Malfassi
- From the La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy (M.D., L.M., S.P., S.M., M.S., G.M., N.C., S.F.); and Azienda Ospedaliera della Provincia di Lodi, Lodi, Italy (G.U.)
| | - Simone Pavesi
- From the La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy (M.D., L.M., S.P., S.M., M.S., G.M., N.C., S.F.); and Azienda Ospedaliera della Provincia di Lodi, Lodi, Italy (G.U.)
| | - Silvia Marcarini
- From the La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy (M.D., L.M., S.P., S.M., M.S., G.M., N.C., S.F.); and Azienda Ospedaliera della Provincia di Lodi, Lodi, Italy (G.U.)
| | - Massimo Sala
- From the La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy (M.D., L.M., S.P., S.M., M.S., G.M., N.C., S.F.); and Azienda Ospedaliera della Provincia di Lodi, Lodi, Italy (G.U.)
| | - Giovanni Mazza
- From the La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy (M.D., L.M., S.P., S.M., M.S., G.M., N.C., S.F.); and Azienda Ospedaliera della Provincia di Lodi, Lodi, Italy (G.U.)
| | - Nancy Carrara
- From the La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy (M.D., L.M., S.P., S.M., M.S., G.M., N.C., S.F.); and Azienda Ospedaliera della Provincia di Lodi, Lodi, Italy (G.U.)
| | - Sara Finesso
- From the La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy (M.D., L.M., S.P., S.M., M.S., G.M., N.C., S.F.); and Azienda Ospedaliera della Provincia di Lodi, Lodi, Italy (G.U.)
| | - Gaetano Urso
- From the La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy (M.D., L.M., S.P., S.M., M.S., G.M., N.C., S.F.); and Azienda Ospedaliera della Provincia di Lodi, Lodi, Italy (G.U.)
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Dolera M, Malfassi L, Carrara N, Finesso S, Marcarini S, Mazza G, Pavesi S, Sala M, Urso G. Volumetric Modulated Arc (Radio) Therapy in Pets Treatment: The "La Cittadina Fondazione" Experience. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E30. [PMID: 29364837 PMCID: PMC5836062 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) is a modern technique, widely used in human radiotherapy, which allows a high dose to be delivered to tumor volumes and low doses to the surrounding organs at risk (OAR). Veterinary clinics takes advantage of this feature due to the small target volumes and distances between the target and the OAR. Sparing the OAR permits dose escalation, and hypofractionation regimens reduce the number of treatment sessions with a simpler manageability in the veterinary field. Multimodal volumes definition is mandatory for the small volumes involved and a positioning device precisely reproducible with a setup confirmation is needed before each session for avoiding missing the target. Additionally, the elaborate treatment plan must pursue hard constraints and objectives, and its feasibility must be evaluated with a per patient quality control. The aim of this work is to report results with regard to brain meningiomas and gliomas, trigeminal nerve tumors, brachial plexus tumors, adrenal tumors with vascular invasion and rabbit thymomas, in comparison with literature to determine if VMAT is a safe and viable alternative to surgery or chemotherapy alone, or as an adjuvant therapy in pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dolera
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Luca Malfassi
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Nancy Carrara
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Sara Finesso
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Silvia Marcarini
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Mazza
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Simone Pavesi
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Massimo Sala
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Urso
- Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale della provincia di Lodi, 26841 Casalpusterlengo, Italy.
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49
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Bentley RT, Ahmed AU, Yanke AB, Cohen-Gadol AA, Dey M. Dogs are man's best friend: in sickness and in health. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:312-322. [PMID: 27298310 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With the median survival of 14.6 months following best available standard of care, malignant gliomas (MGs) remain one of the biggest therapeutic challenges of the modern time. Although the last several decades have witnessed tremendous advancement in our understanding of MG and evolution of many successful preclinical therapeutic strategies, even the most successful preclinical therapeutic strategies often fail to cross the phase I/II clinical trial threshold. One of the significant, but less commonly discussed, barriers in developing effective glioma therapy is the lack of a robust preclinical model. For the last 30 years, rodent orthotopic xenograft models have been extensively used in the preclinical setting. Although they provide a good basic model for understanding tumor biology, their value in successfully translating preclinical therapeutic triumph into clinical success is extremely poor. Companion dogs, which share the same environmental stress as their human counterparts, also spontaneously develop MGs. Dog gliomas that develop spontaneously in an immunocompetent host are very similar to human gliomas and potentially provide a stronger platform for validating the efficacy of therapeutic strategies proven successful in preclinical mouse models. Integrating this model can accelerate development of effective therapeutic options that will benefit both human subjects and pet dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Timothy Bentley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Amy B Yanke
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Yeamans CL, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Haley A, Lamm CG. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Findings Associated with Choroid Plexus Spinal Cord "Drop" Metastases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2017; 53:265-269. [PMID: 28792797 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 5 yr old castrated male whippet presented with a unique presentation of ambulatory paraparesis and subsequent diagnosis of primary intracranial choroid plexus carcinoma, with metastases to the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spinal cord segments. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed initially of the thoracolumbar vertebral column and was followed by MRI sequences of the brain for confirmation of the presence of a primary intracranial tumor. The dog was euthanized immediately following diagnostic imaging due to the severity of clinical signs and poor prognosis. Postmortem examination confirmed the presence of a primary choroid plexus carcinoma, with diffuse metastatic lesions to the spinal cord. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of MRI findings of spinal cord metastasis of a choroid plexus carcinoma in a dog. Additionally, this case demonstrates primary clinical signs arising from metastatic lesions. This confirms the importance of extensive neuroimaging investigations when suspecting choroid plexus tumors and evaluating response to treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen L Yeamans
- From the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (C.L.Y., R.G-Q.); Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.H.); and Idexx Labratories, Sacramento, California (C.G.L.)
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana
- From the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (C.L.Y., R.G-Q.); Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.H.); and Idexx Labratories, Sacramento, California (C.G.L.)
| | - Allison Haley
- From the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (C.L.Y., R.G-Q.); Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.H.); and Idexx Labratories, Sacramento, California (C.G.L.)
| | - Catherine G Lamm
- From the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (C.L.Y., R.G-Q.); Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.H.); and Idexx Labratories, Sacramento, California (C.G.L.)
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