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Li J, Sun J, Liu L, Zhang C, Liu Z. Association between n-3 PUFA and lung function: results from the NHANES 2007-2012 and Mendelian randomisation study. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1720-1729. [PMID: 38275085 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between n-3 PUFA and lung function. First, a cross-sectional study was conducted based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012 data. n-3 PUFA intake was obtained from 24-h dietary recalls. A multivariable linear regression model was used to assess the observational associations of n-3 PUFA intake with lung function. Subsequently, a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) was performed to estimate the potential causal effect of n-3 PUFA on lung function. Genetic instrumental variables were extracted from published genome-wide association studies. Summary statistics about n-3 PUFA was from UK Biobank. Inverse variance weighted was the primary analysis approach. The observational study did not demonstrate a significant association between n-3 PUFA intake and most lung function measures; however, a notable exception was observed with significant findings in the highest quartile for forced vital capacity (FVC) and % predicted FVC. The MR results also showed no causal effect of circulating n-3 PUFA concentration on lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), β = 0·01301, se = 0·01932, P = 0·5006; FVC, β = -0·001894, se = 0·01704, P = 0·9115; FEV1:FVC, β = 0·03118, se = 0·01743, P = 0·07359). These findings indicate the need for further investigation into the impact of higher n-3 PUFA consumption on lung health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjing Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing312000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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2
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Ni X, Zhang Z, Deng Z, Li J. Optimizing ARA and DHA in infant formula: A systematic review of global trends, regional disparities, and considerations for precision nutrition. Food Res Int 2024; 182:114049. [PMID: 38519198 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In the context of precision nutrition, the addition of ARA and DHA in infant formula needs to consider more factors. This study conducted a comprehensive literature review, including 112 relevant Chinese and English articles, to summarize and analyze the global levels of ARA, DHA, and the ARA/DHA ratio in breast milk. The data were correlated with local aquatic products intake and children's IQ. The results indicated that the average level of DHA in breast milk across regions is lower than that of ARA. Variations in DHA content were identified as a primary factor influencing ARA/DHA ratio fluctuations. Breast milk ARA and DHA levels decrease with prolonged lactation periods but increase over the past 22 years. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between aquatic products intake and breast milk DHA levels (r = 0.64, p < 0.05). Breast milk DHA levels also showed a significant positive correlation with children's IQ (r = 0.67, p < 0.01). Stable breast milk ARA content did not exhibit significant correlations with aquatic products intake or children's IQ (r = 0, p > 0.05). Among 22 infant formula products available in China, only 5 had ARA levels within the range of breast milk. Most formula products had higher ARA levels than DHA, resulting in ARA/DHA ratios generally exceeding 1. The temporal and spatial variability in breast milk ARA and DHA levels may lead to diverse health outcomes in infants. Therefore, the addition of ARA and DHA in infant formula should consider this variability, including the molecular forms and positional isomerism of the added ARA and DHA. Additionally, considering the impact of different cognitive development tests and infant's gene expression on formula assessment results, there is a need to establish a more comprehensive infant health assessment system to guide the addition of ARA and DHA in formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinggang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
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3
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Nikolajeva K, Aizbalte O, Piskurjova A, Rezgale R, Cauce V, Začs D, Meija L. Fatty Acid Composition of a Maternal Diet and Erythrocyte Phospholipid Status in Latvian Pregnant Women. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1514. [PMID: 37763633 PMCID: PMC10532992 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Dietary fats are essential for maternal and fetal health. Fatty acids (FAs) in erythrocytes characterize the FA profile, which is influenced by diet and other factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the main FAs in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids and their influencing factors-dietary fat and supplement intake and lifestyle factors-in Latvian pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 236 pregnant and postpartum women. The data were collected from medical documentation, a food frequency questionnaire, and a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, health status, and nutritional habits in outpatient clinics and maternity departments. FAs in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids were determined using gas chromatography. RESULTS Correlations were found between dietary SFAs and erythrocyte SFAs (r = -0.140, p = 0.032) and PUFAs (r = 0.167, p = 0.01) and between dietary PUFAs and erythrocyte MUFAs (r = -0.143, p = 0.028). Dietary SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs positively correlated with the studied n-3 and n-6 FAs in erythrocytes. Vitamin D correlated positively with MUFA and negatively with total PUFA and AA in erythrocytes. There was a negative correlation between dietary vitamin A and linoleic acid in erythrocytes. Physical activity negatively correlated with erythrocyte MUFAs and positively with erythrocyte PUFAs. Alcohol consumption positively correlated with erythrocyte SFAs and negatively with erythrocyte PUFAs. CONCLUSIONS There are indications that some dietary FAs may be correlated with erythrocyte FAs. Possible influencing factors for this association are alcohol, physical activity, vitamin D, and vitamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Nikolajeva
- Doctoral Department, Faculty of “Medicine”, Rīga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, 2 Hipokrata Street, LV-1038 Rīga, Latvia;
| | - Olga Aizbalte
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 9 Kronvalda bulvāris, LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia; (O.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Piskurjova
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 9 Kronvalda bulvāris, LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia; (O.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Roberta Rezgale
- Faculty of Medicine, Rīga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia; (R.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Vinita Cauce
- Faculty of Medicine, Rīga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia; (R.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Dzintars Začs
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Rīga, Latvia;
| | - Laila Meija
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, 2 Hipokrata Street, LV-1038 Rīga, Latvia;
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 9 Kronvalda bulvāris, LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia; (O.A.); (A.P.)
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4
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Antao HS, Sacadura-Leite E, Bandarra NM, Figueira ML. Omega-3 index as risk factor in psychiatric diseases: a narrative review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1200403. [PMID: 37575565 PMCID: PMC10416246 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1200403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have described associations between the omega-3 index (defined as the RBC percentage of EPA and DHA) and mental conditions, but no risk stratification or target value has gathered consensus so far. This narrative review aims to summarize the published data on the association between omega-3 index and mental illness and to contribute to the concept of an omega-3 index in the field of mental health. The bibliographic searches have been carried out in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases to find relevant English language original research studies related to that association. The study search and selection process were registered in a PRISMA flow. Thirty-six studies were included in this review examining the links between omega-3 index and postpartum depression (3), major depression (15), major depression and bipolar disorder (1), bipolar disorder (4), schizophrenia and major depression (1), schizophrenia and other psychosis (5) and dementia (7). Thirty of these studies found either significant differences in omega-3 index between patients and controls or inverse relationships between omega-3 index and disease severity. The published evidence is compelling enough to suggest omega-3 index as a risk factor for some psychiatric diseases, specifically, major depression, postpartum depression, psychosis, and dementia. In occidental populations, we propose a risk threshold of (a) 4-5% in major depression and dementia, (b) 5% in postpartum depression, and (c) 4% for psychosis transition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ema Sacadura-Leite
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- CISP – Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, ENSP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Lisbon, Portugal
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Donovan SM, Aghaeepour N, Andres A, Azad MB, Becker M, Carlson SE, Järvinen KM, Lin W, Lönnerdal B, Slupsky CM, Steiber AL, Raiten DJ. Evidence for human milk as a biological system and recommendations for study design-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 4. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117 Suppl 1:S61-S86. [PMID: 37173061 PMCID: PMC10356565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk contains all of the essential nutrients required by the infant within a complex matrix that enhances the bioavailability of many of those nutrients. In addition, human milk is a source of bioactive components, living cells and microbes that facilitate the transition to life outside the womb. Our ability to fully appreciate the importance of this matrix relies on the recognition of short- and long-term health benefits and, as highlighted in previous sections of this supplement, its ecology (i.e., interactions among the lactating parent and breastfed infant as well as within the context of the human milk matrix itself). Designing and interpreting studies to address this complexity depends on the availability of new tools and technologies that account for such complexity. Past efforts have often compared human milk to infant formula, which has provided some insight into the bioactivity of human milk, as a whole, or of individual milk components supplemented with formula. However, this experimental approach cannot capture the contributions of the individual components to the human milk ecology, the interaction between these components within the human milk matrix, or the significance of the matrix itself to enhance human milk bioactivity on outcomes of interest. This paper presents approaches to explore human milk as a biological system and the functional implications of that system and its components. Specifically, we discuss study design and data collection considerations and how emerging analytical technologies, bioinformatics, and systems biology approaches could be applied to advance our understanding of this critical aspect of human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Martin Becker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kirsi M Järvinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weili Lin
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Raiten
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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6
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Liu Y, Qiao W, Liu Y, Zhao J, Liu Q, Yang K, Zhang M, Wang Y, Liu Y, Chen L. Quantification of phospholipids and glycerides in human milk using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Front Chem 2023; 10:1101557. [PMID: 36700070 PMCID: PMC9868747 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk lipids, which are an important source of energy and affect growth and development of infants, require a comprehensive method for its qualitative and quantitative analysis. This work describes a method for the analysis of phospholipids, glycerides, free fatty acids and gangliosides in human milk by ultra-performance liquid chromatography using a C18 column with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS). The lipids were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and phospholipids were separated by solid phase extraction (SPE). The chromatographic columns with two different specifications (4.6 mm × 150 mm, and 3 mm × 50 mm) were used to detect phospholipids and glycerides in human milk, respectively. The sphingolipids and glycerides were analyzed in positive ion mode, and the glycerophospholipids and free fatty acids were analyzed in negative ion mode. Both internal and external standards were used for absolute quantification in this experiment. 483 species of lipids, including phospholipids, glycerides, free fatty acids and gangliosides, in human milk were analyzed using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS with high sensitivity and good linearity, with coefficient of correlation above 0.99, the relative standard deviation of accuracy and precision less than 10%. The results in a large number of human milk samples showed that this method was suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipids in human milk, even for other mammalian milk and infant formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Weicang Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yanpin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Junying Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Lijun Chen,
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7
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Ri K, Lee-Okada HC, Yokomizo T. Omega-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids in Leydig cells facilitate male sex hormone production. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1001. [PMID: 36131086 PMCID: PMC9492697 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) are fatty acids with more than three double bonds in the molecule. Mammalian testes contain very high levels of omega-6 HUFAs compared with other tissues. However, the metabolic and biological significance of these HUFAs in the mammalian testis is poorly understood. Here we show that Leydig cells vigorously synthesize omega-6 HUFAs to facilitate male sex hormone production. In the testis, FADS2 (Fatty acid desaturase 2), the rate-limiting enzyme for HUFA biosynthesis, is highly expressed in Leydig cells. In this study, pharmacological and genetic inhibition of FADS2 drastically reduces the production of omega-6 HUFAs and male steroid hormones in Leydig cells; this reduction is significantly rescued by supplementation with omega-6 HUFAs. Mechanistically, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL; also called LIPE), a lipase that supplies free cholesterol for steroid hormone production, preferentially hydrolyzes HUFA-containing cholesteryl esters as substrates. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Leydig cells highly express FADS2 to facilitate male steroid hormone production by accumulating omega-6 HUFA-containing cholesteryl esters, which serve as preferred substrates for HSL. These findings unveil a previously unrecognized importance of omega-6 HUFAs in the mammalian male reproductive system. Leydig cells highly express FADS2 to facilitate male steroid hormone production by accumulating omega-6 HUFA-containing cholesteryl esters, which serve as preferred substrates for hormone-sensitive lipase
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiken Ri
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Lee-Okada
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Niwa S, Kawabata T, Shoji K, Ogata H, Kagawa Y, Nakayama K, Yanagisawa Y, Iwamoto S, Tatsuta N, Asato K, Arima T, Yaegashi N, Nakai K. Investigation of Maternal Diet and FADS1 Polymorphism Associated with Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Compositions in Human Milk. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102160. [PMID: 35631303 PMCID: PMC9143760 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the amount of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) in human milk is an important strategy for infant growth and development. We investigated the associations of LCPUFA compositions in human milk with maternal diet (especially fish and shellfish intake), with fatty acid Δ5 desaturase gene (FADS1) polymorphisms, and with gene-diet interactions. The present study was performed as part of an adjunct study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. The participants were 304 lactating females, who provided human milk 6−7 months after delivery. Fatty acids in human milk were analyzed by gas chromatography, and dietary surveys were conducted using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. We also analyzed a single nucleotide polymorphism of FADS1 (rs174547, T/C). There was a significant difference in arachidonic acid (ARA) composition in human milk among the genotype groups, and the values were decreasing in the order of TT > TC > CC. The concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were also different between TT and CC genotype, indicating a tendency for decreasing values in the same order. The composition of ARA showed significant gene−dietary interactions in multiple regression analysis, and the positive correlation between fish and shellfish intake and ARA composition in human milk was significant only in the CC genotype. Moreover, the factor most strongly associated with EPA and DHA composition in human milk was fish and shellfish intake. Therefore, it was suggested that increasing fish and shellfish intake in mothers may increase EPA and DHA composition in human milk, while increasing fish and shellfish intake in CC genotype mothers may lead to increased ARA composition in human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako Niwa
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Saitama, Japan; (T.K.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (Y.K.)
- Faculty of Home Economics, Gifu Women’s University, 80 Taromaru, Gifu City 501-2592, Gifu, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-49-282-3705
| | - Terue Kawabata
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Saitama, Japan; (T.K.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kumiko Shoji
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Saitama, Japan; (T.K.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hiromitsu Ogata
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Saitama, Japan; (T.K.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yasuo Kagawa
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado 350-0288, Saitama, Japan; (T.K.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kazuhiro Nakayama
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8562, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Yoshiko Yanagisawa
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan; (Y.Y.); (S.I.)
| | - Sadahiko Iwamoto
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan; (Y.Y.); (S.I.)
| | - Nozomi Tatsuta
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (N.T.); (K.A.); (K.N.)
| | - Kaname Asato
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (N.T.); (K.A.); (K.N.)
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (T.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (T.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Kunihiko Nakai
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (N.T.); (K.A.); (K.N.)
- School of Sport and Health Science, Tokai Gakuen University, Nishinohora 21-233, Miyoshi 470-0207, Aichi, Japan
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9
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Thum C, Wall C, Day L, Szeto IMY, Li F, Yan Y, Barnett MPG. Changes in Human Milk Fat Globule Composition Throughout Lactation: A Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:835856. [PMID: 35634409 PMCID: PMC9137899 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.835856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in understanding how the relative levels of human milk fat globule (MFG) components change over the course of lactation, how they differ between populations, and implications of these changes for the health of the infant. In this article, we describe studies published over the last 30 years which have investigated components of the MFG in term milk, focusing on changes over the course of lactation and highlighting infant and maternal factors that may influence these changes. We then consider how the potential health benefits of some of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) components and derived ingredients relate to compositional and functional aspects and how these change throughout lactation. The results show that the concentrations of phospholipids, gangliosides, cholesterol, fatty acids and proteins vary throughout lactation, and such changes are likely to reflect the changing requirements of the growing infant. There is a lack of consistent trends for changes in phospholipids and gangliosides across lactation which may reflect different methodological approaches. Other factors such as maternal diet and geographical location have been shown to influence human MFGM composition. The majority of research on the health benefits of MFGM have been conducted using MFGM ingredients derived from bovine milk, and using animal models which have clearly demonstrated the role of the MFGM in supporting cognitive and immune health of infants at different stages of growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Thum
- AgResearch Ltd, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Caroline Thum
| | - Clare Wall
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Li Day
- AgResearch Ltd, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ignatius M. Y. Szeto
- Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Fang Li
- Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Yalu Yan
- Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Hohhot, China
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10
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Panda C, Varadharaj S, Voruganti VS. PUFA, genotypes and risk for cardiovascular disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 176:102377. [PMID: 34915303 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are long chain fatty acids that are characterized by the presence of more than one double bond. These include fatty acids such as ꞷ-3-α-linolenic acid (ALA) and ꞷ-6 -linoleic acid (LA) which can only be obtained from dietary sources and are therefore termed essential fatty acids. They contain the building blocks for dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid in the ꞷ-6 family as well as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the ꞷ-3 family. Both ALA and LA are important constituents of animal and plant cell membranes and are important components of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory hormones and therefore, often modulate cellular immunity under chronic inflammatory states. The variation in physiological PUFA levels is under significant genetic influence, the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes being key regulators of PUFA metabolism. These genetic variants have been shown to alter fatty acid metabolism and influence the onset and progression of various metabolic conditions. This detailed review discusses the role of PUFAs, diet and genotypes in risk for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Panda
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States; Standard Process Inc, United States
| | | | - Venkata Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
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11
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Tandon S, Gonzalez-Casanova I, Barraza-Villarreal A, Romieu I, Demmelmair H, Jones DP, Koletzko B, Stein AD, Ramakrishnan U. Infant Metabolome in Relation to Prenatal DHA Supplementation and Maternal Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs174602: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Mexico. J Nutr 2021; 151:3339-3349. [PMID: 34494106 PMCID: PMC8562085 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although DHA (22:6n-3) is critical for fetal development, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of prenatal DHA supplementation report inconsistent effects on offspring health. Variants in fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes that regulate the conversion of n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids into their biologically active derivatives may explain this heterogeneity. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of prenatal DHA supplementation on the offspring metabolome at age 3 mo and explored differences by maternal FADS single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs174602. METHODS Data were obtained from a double-blind RCT in Mexico [POSGRAD (Prenatal Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Child Growth and Development)] in which women (18-35 y old) received DHA (400 mg/d) or placebo from mid-gestation until delivery. Using high-resolution MS with LC, untargeted metabolomics was performed on 112 offspring plasma samples. Discriminatory metabolic features were selected via linear regression (P < 0.05) with false discovery rate (FDR) correction (q = 0.2). Interaction by SNP rs174602 was assessed using 2-factor ANOVA. Stratified analyses were performed, where the study population was grouped into carriers (TT, TC; n = 70) and noncarriers (CC; n = 42) of the minor allele. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed with Mummichog (P < 0.05). RESULTS After FDR correction, there were no differences in metabolic features between infants whose mothers received prenatal DHA (n = 58) and those whose mothers received placebo (n = 54). However, we identified 343 differentially expressed features in the interaction analysis after FDR correction. DHA supplementation positively enriched amino acid and aminosugars metabolism pathways and decreased fatty acid metabolism pathways among offspring of minor allele carriers and decreased metabolites within the tricarboxylic acid cycle and galactose metabolism pathways among offspring of noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate differences in infant metabolism in response to prenatal DHA supplementation by maternal SNP rs174602 and further support the need to incorporate genetic analysis of FADS polymorphisms into DHA supplementation trials.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00646360.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tandon
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ines Gonzalez-Casanova
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Indiana University Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Isabelle Romieu
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, (LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Dean P Jones
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, (LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Aryeh D Stein
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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Domínguez-López I, Marhuenda-Muñoz M, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Hernáez Á, Moreno JJ, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Fitó M, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, López-Miranda J, Bernal-Lopez MR, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem JL, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Tur JA, Martín-Sánchez V, Pintó X, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Matía-Martín P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Serra-Mir M, Vázquez-Ruiz Z, Nishi SK, Sorli JV, Castañer O, Abete I, Luna JV, Carabaño-Moral R, Asencio A, Prohens L, Garcia-Rios A, Casas R, Gomez-Perez AM, Santos-Lozano JM, Razquin C, Martínez MÁ, Saiz C, Robledo-Pastor V, Zulet MA, Salaverria I, Eguaras S, Babio N, Malcampo M, Ros E, Estruch R, López-Sabater MC, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption is Inversely Associated with Plasma Saturated Fatty Acids at Baseline in Predimed Plus Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100363. [PMID: 34273124 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Plasma fatty acids (FAs) are associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. The aim of our study is to assess the relationship between fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption and plasma FAs and their subtypes. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma FAs are assessed in a cross-sectional analysis of a subsample of 240 subjects from the PREDIMED-Plus study. Participants are categorized into four groups of fruit, vegetable, and fat intake according to the food frequency questionnaire. Plasma FA analysis is performed using gas chromatography. Associations between FAs and F&V consumption are adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), total energy intake, and alcohol consumption. Plasma saturated FAs are lower in groups with high F&V consumption (-1.20 mg cL-1 [95% CI: [-2.22, -0.18], p-value = 0.021), especially when fat intake is high (-1.74 mg cL-1 [95% CI: [-3.41, -0.06], p-value = 0.042). Total FAs and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs tend to be lower in high consumers of F&V only in the high-fat intake groups. CONCLUSIONS F&V consumption is associated with lower plasma saturated FAs when fat intake is high. These findings suggest that F&V consumption may have different associations with plasma FAs depending on their subtype and on the extent of fat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Domínguez-López
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, 08921, Spain
| | - María Marhuenda-Muñoz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, 08921, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, 08921, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Hernáez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Moreno
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, 08921, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d`Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Alfredo Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel M Alonso-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nursing, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL-UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Rosa Bernal-Lopez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Malaga
| | - José Lapetra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Luís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Canarian Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria & Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Spain
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL-UMH), Alicante, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, and IDISBA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín-Sánchez
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IISFJD, University Autonoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Serra-Mir
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Stephanie K Nishi
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Jose V Sorli
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d`Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Vaquero Luna
- Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rosa Carabaño-Moral
- Distrito de Atención Primaria Costa del Sol, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica Arroyo de la Miel, Benalmádena, Spain
| | - Alberto Asencio
- Centro Atención Primaria de Mutxamel de FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
| | - Lara Prohens
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Rios
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Gomez-Perez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Malaga
| | - José Manuel Santos-Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Razquin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Carmen Saiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanesa Robledo-Pastor
- Atenció Primària Barcelona Ciutat, Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Angeles Zulet
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Salaverria
- Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Sonia Eguaras
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Primary Care Services, Servicio Navarro de Salud (Osasunbidea), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Mireia Malcampo
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d`Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Carmen López-Sabater
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, 08921, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, 08921, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Lipid Composition, Digestion, and Absorption Differences among Neonatal Feeding Strategies: Potential Implications for Intestinal Inflammation in Preterm Infants. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020550. [PMID: 33567518 PMCID: PMC7914900 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal population. Formula feeding is among the many risk factors for developing the condition, a practice often required in the cohort most often afflicted with NEC, preterm infants. While the virtues of many bioactive components of breast milk have been extolled, the ability to digest and assimilate the nutritional components of breast milk is often overlooked. The structure of formula differs from that of breast milk, both in lipid composition and chemical configuration. In addition, formula lacks a critical digestive enzyme produced by the mammary gland, bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL). The gastrointestinal system of premature infants is often incapable of secreting sufficient pancreatic enzymes for fat digestion, and pasteurization of donor milk (DM) has been shown to inactivate BSSL, among other important compounds. Incompletely digested lipids may oxidize and accumulate in the distal gut. These lipid fragments are thought to induce intestinal inflammation in the neonate, potentially hastening the development of diseases such as NEC. In this review, differences in breast milk, pasteurized DM, and formula lipids are highlighted, with a focus on the ability of those lipids to be digested and subsequently absorbed by neonates, especially those born prematurely and at risk for NEC.
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14
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Abstract
Evolutionary processes, including mutation, migration and natural selection, have influenced the prevalence and distribution of various disorders in humans. However, despite a few well-known examples, such as the APOL1 variants - which have undergone positive genetic selection for their ability to confer resistance to Trypanosoma brucei infection but confer a higher risk of chronic kidney disease - little is known about the effects of evolutionary processes that have shaped genetic variation on kidney disease. An understanding of basic concepts in evolutionary genetics provides an opportunity to consider how findings from ancient and archaic genomes could inform our knowledge of evolution and provide insights into how population migration and genetic admixture have shaped the current distribution and landscape of human kidney-associated diseases. Differences in exposures to infectious agents, environmental toxins, dietary components and climate also have the potential to influence the evolutionary genetics of kidneys. Of note, selective pressure on loci associated with kidney disease is often from non-kidney diseases, and thus it is important to understand how the link between genome-wide selected loci and kidney disease occurs in relation to secondary nephropathies.
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15
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Azad MB, Nickel NC, Bode L, Brockway M, Brown A, Chambers C, Goldhammer C, Hinde K, McGuire M, Munblit D, Patel AL, Pérez-Escamilla R, Rasmussen KM, Shenker N, Young BE, Zuccolo L. Breastfeeding and the origins of health: Interdisciplinary perspectives and priorities. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2020; 17:e13109. [PMID: 33210456 PMCID: PMC7988860 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Breastfeeding and human milk (HM) are critically important to maternal, infant and population health. This paper summarizes the proceedings of a workshop that convened a multidisciplinary panel of researchers to identify key priorities and anticipated breakthroughs in breastfeeding and HM research, discuss perceived barriers and challenges to achieving these breakthroughs and propose a constructive action plan to maximize the impact of future research in this field. Priority research areas identified were as follows: (1) addressing low breastfeeding rates and inequities using mixed methods, community partnerships and implementation science approaches; (2) improving awareness of evidence-based benefits, challenges and complexities of breastfeeding and HM among health practitioners and the public; (3) identifying differential impacts of alternative modes of HM feeding including expressed/pumped milk, donor milk and shared milk; and (4) developing a mechanistic understanding of the health effects of breastfeeding and the contributors to HM composition and variability. Key barriers and challenges included (1) overcoming methodological limitations of epidemiological breastfeeding research and mechanistic HM research; (2) counteracting 'breastfeeding denialism' arising from negative personal breastfeeding experiences; (3) distinguishing and aligning research and advocacy efforts; and (4) managing real and perceived conflicts of interest. To advance research on breastfeeding and HM and maximize the reach and impact of this research, larger investments are needed, interdisciplinary collaboration is essential, and the scientific community must engage families and other stakeholders in research planning and knowledge translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan B Azad
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Human Capital & Economic Opportunity Global Working Group, Center for the Economics of Human Development, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nathan C Nickel
- Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Meredith Brockway
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amy Brown
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences and Centre for Lactation, Infant Feeding and Translation, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Christina Chambers
- Mommy's Milk Human Milk Research Biorepository, Center for Better Beginnings, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Katie Hinde
- Center of Evolution and Medicine and School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Michelle McGuire
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Daniel Munblit
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,inVIVO Planetary Health, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, New Jersey, USA
| | - Aloka L Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Rush University Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Natalie Shenker
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Human Milk Foundation, Harpenden, UK
| | - Bridget E Young
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Luisa Zuccolo
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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16
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Peng X, Li J, Yan S, Chen J, Lane J, Malard P, Liu F. Xiang Study: an association of breastmilk composition with maternal body mass index and infant growth during the first 3 month of life. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 15:367-381. [PMID: 34093977 PMCID: PMC8155227 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.3.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study aimed to establish a mother and child cohort in the Chinese population, and investigate human breastmilk (HBM) composition and its relationship with maternal body mass index (BMI) and infant growth during the first 3 mon of life. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 101 Chinese mother and infant pairs were included in this prospective cohort. Alterations in the milk macronutrients of Chinese mothers at 1 mon (T1), 2 mon (T2), and 3 mon (T3) lactation were analyzed. HBM fatty acid (FA) profiles were measured by gas chromatography (GC), and HBM proteomic profiling was achieved by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS During the first 3 mon of lactation (P < 0.05), significant decreases were determined in the levels of total energy, fat, protein, and osteopontin (OPN), as well as ratios of long-chain saturated FA (including C16:0, C22:0 and C24:0), monounsaturated FA (including C16:1), and n-6 poly unsaturated FA (PUFA) (including C20:3n-6 and C20:4n-6, and n-6/n-3). Conversely, butyrate, C6:0 and n-3 PUFA C18:3n-3 (α-linolenic acid, ALA) were significantly increased during the first 3 mon (P < 0.05). HBM proteomic analyses distinguished compositional protein differences over time (P = 0.001). Personalized mother-infant analyses demonstrated that HBM from high BMI mothers presented increased total energy, fat, protein and OPN, and increased content of n-6 PUFA (including C18:3n-6, C20:3n-6 and n-6/n-3 ratio) as compared with low BMI mothers (P < 0.05). Furthermore, BMI of the mothers positively correlated with the head circumference (HC) of infants as well as the specific n-6 PUFA C20:3n-6 over the 3 time points examined. Infant HC was negatively associated with C18:0. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence to the Chinese HBM database, and further knowledge of FA function. It also helps to establish future maternal strategies that support the healthy growth and development of Chinese infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Peng
- H&H Group, Global Research and Technology Center, Guangzhou 510700, China.,School of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Li
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Shuyuan Yan
- Child Health Care Center, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Care, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Juchun Chen
- H&H Group, Global Research and Technology Center, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Jonathan Lane
- H&H Group, Global Research and Technology Center, Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
| | - Patrice Malard
- H&H Group, Global Research and Technology Center, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Feitong Liu
- H&H Group, Global Research and Technology Center, Guangzhou 510700, China
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17
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Muzsik A, Jeleń HH, Chmurzynska A. Metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women is associated with lower erythrocyte PUFA/MUFA and n-3/n-6 ratio: A case-control study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 159:102155. [PMID: 32622152 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare fatty acid (FA) intake and status in postmenopausal women with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS). 131 women were recruited to a case-control study in 2016-2018 in Poznań, Poland. Dietary intake, anthropometric and biochemical measurements, FA level in red blood cells (RBCs), and FADS1 (rs174546) and FADS2 (rs3834458) genotypes were determined. Compared to women without MetS, those with MetS had lower levels of EPA, n-3, EPA/α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA/AA, DHA/AA, EPA+DHA/AA, PUFA/saturated FA, PUFA/monounsaturated FA, and n-3/n-6 ratios in RBCs. Participants with at least one minor allele of each polymorphism had lower levels of EPA, and EPA/AA, and a higher level of DHA/EPA in RBCs than did women with major alleles. MetS is associated with lower levels FAs that have a protective effect on cardiometabolic health. FADS1 and FADS2 polymorphisms are associated with unfavorable FA and status EPA/AA in RBC contributes to MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Muzsik
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Henryk H Jeleń
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-634 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Chmurzynska
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
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18
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Sollen Säuglingsnahrungen sowohl Docosahexaensäure als auch Arachidonsäure enthalten? Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-020-00876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Bahreynian M, Feizi A, Kelishadi R. Is fatty acid composition of breast milk different in various populations? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:909-920. [PMID: 32253956 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1746958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to systematically review the fatty acid (FA) composition of breast milk in different populations. We systematically searched the Medline via PubMed, Scopus and Clarivate till July 2019. We initially retrieved 433 articles. Having removed duplicates, with initial searching of title and abstracts, 317 papers were excluded and 80 remained. A meta-analysis of 80 cross-sectional, cohort studies, including 8793 subjects, was conducted. Meta-regression analysis indicated that factors including maternal age (p-values of SFA: 0.03, omega-3: 0.01, trans fats:<0.001, total fatty acids: 0.02), year of conducting study (p-values of SFA: <0.001, MUFA: 0.02, omega-6: 0.04,trans fats: 0.04) and sample size (p-values of SFA: 0.03, PUFA: 0.01, omega-6: 0.01, omega-3:<0.001) contributed to the heterogeneity of meta-analysis. This study indicates the large variation of FA content in maternal milk across different populations. Special concern is necessary for both the quality and total amount of fat intake of pregnant and lactating mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bahreynian
- Department of Nutrition, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Koletzko B, Bergmann K, Brenna JT, Calder PC, Campoy C, Clandinin MT, Colombo J, Daly M, Decsi T, Demmelmair H, Domellöf M, FidlerMis N, Gonzalez-Casanova I, van Goudoever JB, Hadjipanayis A, Hernell O, Lapillonne A, Mader S, Martin CR, Matthäus V, Ramakrishan U, Smuts CM, Strain SJJ, Tanjung C, Tounian P, Carlson SE. Should formula for infants provide arachidonic acid along with DHA? A position paper of the European Academy of Paediatrics and the Child Health Foundation. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:10-16. [PMID: 31665201 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently adopted regulatory standards on infant and follow-on formula for the European Union stipulate that from February 2020 onwards, all such products marketed in the European Union must contain 20-50 mg omega-3 DHA (22:6n-3) per 100 kcal, which is equivalent to about 0.5-1% of fatty acids (FAs) and thus higher than typically found in human milk and current infant formula products, without the need to also include ω-6 arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6). This novel concept of infant formula composition has given rise to concern and controversy because there is no accountable evidence on its suitability and safety in healthy infants. Therefore, international experts in the field of infant nutrition were invited to review the state of scientific research on DHA and AA, and to discuss the questions arising from the new European regulatory standards. Based on the available information, we recommend that infant and follow-on formula should provide both DHA and AA. The DHA should equal at least the mean content in human milk globally (0.3% of FAs) but preferably reach 0.5% of FAs. Although optimal AA intake amounts remain to be defined, we strongly recommend that AA should be provided along with DHA. At amounts of DHA in infant formula up to ∼0.64%, AA contents should at least equal the DHA contents. Further well-designed clinical studies should evaluate the optimal intakes of DHA and AA in infants at different ages based on relevant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany.,Stiftung Kindergesundheit (Child Health Foundation), c/o Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Bergmann
- Stiftung Kindergesundheit (Child Health Foundation), c/o Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Chemistry, and Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, National Health Service Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Tom Clandinin
- Departments of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science and of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John Colombo
- Department of Psychology and Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Mandy Daly
- Irish Neonatal Health Alliance, Bray, Ireland
| | - Tamás Decsi
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Magnus Domellöf
- Pediatrics Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nataša FidlerMis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adamos Hadjipanayis
- Pediatric Department, Larnaca General Hospital, Larnaca, Cyprus.,School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Olle Hernell
- Pediatrics Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Lapillonne
- Paris Descartes University, APHP Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France.,Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Silke Mader
- European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants, Munich, Germany
| | - Camilia R Martin
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerie Matthäus
- European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants, Munich, Germany
| | - Usha Ramakrishan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cornelius M Smuts
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Sean J J Strain
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | | | - Patrick Tounian
- Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, Trousseau Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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21
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Chen X, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Zheng X, Wang Y, Yu M, Liu G. Effects of the rs3834458 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in FADS2 on Levels of n-3 Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Meta-analysis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 150:1-6. [PMID: 31487670 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the effects of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3834458 in the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene (FADS2) on n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) levels using statistical meta-analysis. METHODS Literatures pertaining to the relationship between the SNP rs3834458 and LC-PUFA were retrieved from three electronic databases. Original information was analyzed using RevMan 5.3, including single statistics, test for heterogeneity, summary statistics and evaluation of publication bias. RESULTS In total, five pieces of literature were retrieved and divided into seven trials. We observed that the minor allele (Tdel+deldel) carriers of rs3834458 had higher linolenic acid levels (P < 0.00001) and lower eicosapentaenoic acid (P < 0.00001), docosapentenoic acid (P = 0.005) and docosahexaenoic acid (P < 0.00001) levels compared to those of carrying major allele homozygote (TT). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that minor allele of rs3834458 in FADS2 may result in lower activity of delta-6 desaturase leading to higher ALA and lower EPA, DPA and DHA in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Chen
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China; Children's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, Jilin 130051, China
| | - Yixia Wu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zilin Zhang
- School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Xiaolei Zheng
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China.
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22
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Carvalho GQ, Pereira-Santos M, Marcon LD, Louro ID, Peluzio MCG, Santos DB. Maternal polymorphisms in the FADS1 and FADS2 genes modify the association between PUFA ingestion and plasma concentrations of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 150:38-46. [PMID: 31568926 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of studies about polymorphisms in FADS genes in pregnant women. We aimed to verify the interaction between three FADS gene polymorphisms (rs174561; rs174575; rs3834458) and dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA) or linoleic/α-linolenic acid ratio (LA/ALA) and plasma concentrations of omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs in pregnant women. Of the 250 women evaluated, the homozygous for the rs174561 and rs3834458 minor allele had high plasma ALA concentrations at the highest ALA and LA/ALA ratio tertile (p < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of EPA and DHA were not influenced by diet. For the rs174575 SNP, pregnant women who carried the minor allele presented lower proportions of plasma EPA in the second LA/ALA ratio tertile (p < 0.05). Increased dietary intake of ALA and LA/ALA ratio promoted plasma ALA accumulation in homozygotes for the minor allele rs174561 and rs3834458. Moderate intake of LA/ALA ratio may reduce plasma concentration of EPA in pregnants carrying the rs174575 minor allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Q Carvalho
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Avançado de Governador Valadares, Av. Dr. Raimundo Monteiro Rezende, 330 - Centro, CEP: 35.010-177, Governador Valadares, MG - Brazil.
| | - M Pereira-Santos
- Collective Health Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil; Institute of Public Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | - L D Marcon
- Nutrition and Health Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
| | - I D Louro
- Center of Human and Molecular Genetics, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - M C G Peluzio
- Nutrition and Health Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
| | - D B Santos
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
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23
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Mazzocchi A, Agostoni C. Long-Chain ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Do Genetic Steps Match Metabolic Needs? J Nutr 2019; 149:1690-1691. [PMID: 31287548 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Milan, Italy
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24
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The Effect of an Infant Formula Supplemented with AA and DHA on Fatty Acid Levels of Infants with Different FADS Genotypes: The COGNIS Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030602. [PMID: 30871048 PMCID: PMC6470942 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes influence the arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid concentrations (crucial in early life). Infants with specific genotypes may require different amounts of these fatty acids (FAs) to maintain an adequate status. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an infant formula supplemented with AA and DHA on FAs of infants with different FADS genotypes. In total, 176 infants from the COGNIS study were randomly allocated to the Standard Formula (SF; n = 61) or the Experimental Formula (EF; n = 70) group, the latter supplemented with AA and DHA. Breastfed infants were added as a reference group (BF; n = 45). FAs and FADS polymorphisms were analyzed from cheek cells collected at 3 months of age. FADS minor allele carriership in formula fed infants, especially those supplemented, was associated with a declined desaturase activity and lower AA and DHA levels. Breastfed infants were not affected, possibly to the high content of AA and DHA in breast milk. The supplementation increased AA and DHA levels, but mostly in major allele carriers. In conclusion, infant FADS genotype could contribute to narrow the gap of AA and DHA concentrations between breastfed and formula fed infants.
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25
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Argaw A, Huybregts L, Wondafrash M, Kolsteren P, Belachew T, Worku BN, Abessa TG, Bouckaert KP. Neither n-3 Long-Chain PUFA Supplementation of Mothers through Lactation nor of Offspring in a Complementary Food Affects Child Overall or Social-Emotional Development: A 2 × 2 Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Ethiopia. J Nutr 2019; 149:505-512. [PMID: 30544211 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The n-3 (ω-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for optimal brain development. There is a lack of evidence on the effect of postnatal n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation on child development in low-income countries. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the efficacy of fish-oil supplementation through lactation or complementary food supplementation on the development of children aged 6-24 mo in rural Ethiopia. METHODS We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial of n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation for 12 mo using fish-oil capsules [maternal intervention: 215 mg DHA + 285 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)] or a fish-oil-enriched complementary food supplement (child intervention: 169 mg DHA + 331 mg EPA). In total, 360 pairs of mothers and infants aged 6-12 mo were randomly assigned to 4 arms: maternal intervention and child control, child intervention and maternal control, maternal and child intervention, and maternal and child control. Primary outcomes were overall developmental performance with the use of a culturally adapted Denver II test that assesses personal-social, language, fine-motor, and gross-motor domains and social-emotional developmental performance using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social Emotional at baseline and at 6 and 12 mo. We used mixed-effects models to estimate intervention effects on developmental performance over time (intervention × time interaction). RESULTS The evolution in overall and social-emotional developmental performance over time did not differ across study arms (intervention × time: F = 1.09, P = 0.35, and F = 0.61, P = 0.61, respectively). Effects did not change after adjustment for child age, birth order, and nutritional status; maternal age and education; wealth; family size; and breastfeeding frequency. Children's developmental performance significantly decreased during study follow-up (β: -0.03 SDs/mo; 95% CI: -0.04, -0.01 SD/mo; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation does not affect overall or social-emotional development of children aged 6-24 mo in a low-income setting. Follow-up of the cohort is recommended to determine whether there are long-term effects of the intervention. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01817634.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemayehu Argaw
- Department of Population and Family Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Department of Food Technology, Safety, and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven Huybregts
- Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Mekitie Wondafrash
- Department of Population and Family Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Department of Food Technology, Safety, and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kolsteren
- Department of Food Technology, Safety, and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tefera Belachew
- Department of Population and Family Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu N Worku
- Department of Psychology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Rehabilitation Research Center (REVAL), Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Teklu G Abessa
- Special Needs and Inclusive Education, College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Rehabilitation Research Center (REVAL), Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Kimberley P Bouckaert
- Department of Food Technology, Safety, and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Maternal dietary calcium status during pregnancy and lactation affects brain DHA accretion through modifying DNA methylation of fatty acid desaturases in the mouse offspring. Nutr Res 2019; 65:29-42. [PMID: 30954344 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Disturbed calcium homeostasis has detrimental effects on brain development and function, particularly in early life because of epigenetic determination of early nutrition on later health. We hypothesized that the imbalance of calcium status in early life might have long-lasting effects on brain DHA accretion though epigenetic modification on fatty acid desaturases (Fads). Three to four week old C57BL/6J female mice were fed 3 reproductive diets with different calcium concentrations - low (LC, 0.25%), normal (NC, 0.70%) and high-calcium (HC, 1.20%) respectively throughout pregnancy and lactation. Maternal LC diet reduced tissue (brain and hepatic) DHA concentrations in both male and female offsprings at postnatal 21 day, with reductions in male instead of female offsprings in adulthood. Maternal HC diet only reduced hepatic DHA concentration in adult male offsprings. Furthermore, maternal LC diet reduced hepatic but increased brain expressions of Fads1 or Fads2 in 21-days old offsprings, with similar changes in adult male instead of female offsprings. Maternal HC diet reduced hepatic or brain expressions of Fads1 or Fads2 in 21-days old offsprings, and only reduced Fads2 in the liver with adult male offsprings. Determination of DNA methylation (CpG4, CpG5, CpG7,8, CpG14-17 and CpG19) showed that maternal LC diet caused hypermethylation of Fads2 promoter in the liver and hypomethylation in the brain in 21-days old offsprings, as well as in adult male offsprings. These data demonstrate that the imbalance of calcium intake in early life might have long-term gender-specific effects on brain accretion of DHA mediated by altered DNA methylation and associated expressions of Fads.
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27
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Koletzko B, Cremer M, Flothkötter M, Graf C, Hauner H, Hellmers C, Kersting M, Krawinkel M, Przyrembel H, Röbl-Mathieu M, Schiffner U, Vetter K, Weißenborn A, Wöckel A. Diet and Lifestyle Before and During Pregnancy - Practical Recommendations of the Germany-wide Healthy Start - Young Family Network. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018; 78:1262-1282. [PMID: 30655650 PMCID: PMC6294644 DOI: 10.1055/a-0713-1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and exercise before and during pregnancy affect the course of the pregnancy, the child's development and the short- and long-term health of mother and child. The Healthy Start - Young Family Network has updated the recommendations on nutrition in pregnancy that first appeared in 2012 and supplemented them with recommendations on a preconception lifestyle. The recommendations address body weight before conception, weight gain in pregnancy, energy and nutritional requirements and diet (including a vegetarian/vegan diet), the supplements folic acid/folate, iodine, iron and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), protection against food-borne illnesses, physical activity before and during pregnancy, alcohol, smoking, caffeinated drinks, oral and dental hygiene and the use of medicinal products. Preparation for breast-feeding is recommended already during pregnancy. Vaccination recommendations for women planning a pregnancy are also included. These practical recommendations of the Germany-wide Healthy Start - Young Family Network are intended to assist all professional groups that counsel women and couples wishing to have children and during pregnancy with uniform, scientifically-based and practical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Koletzko
- Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, LMU – Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde e. V. (DGKJ), Berlin, Germany
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
| | - Monika Cremer
- Netzwerk Gesund ins Leben/Bundeszentrum für Ernährung (BZfE) in der Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BLE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Flothkötter
- Netzwerk Gesund ins Leben/Bundeszentrum für Ernährung (BZfE) in der Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BLE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Graf
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Lehrstuhl für Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Claudia Hellmers
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Hochschule Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hebammenwissenschaft e. V. (DGHWi), Münster, Germany
| | - Mathilde Kersting
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Forschungsdepartment Kinderernährung, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Krawinkel
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung e. V. (DGE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hildegard Przyrembel
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marianne Röbl-Mathieu
- Mitglied der Ständigen Impfkommission am Robert Koch-Institut (STIKO), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schiffner
- Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltung und Präventive Zahnheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinderzahnheilkunde e. V. (DGKiZ), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Vetter
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Nationale Stillkommission, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Weißenborn
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Frauenklinik und Poliklinik Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Sun C, Zou M, Wang X, Xia W, Ma Y, Liang S, Hao Y, Wu L, Fu S. FADS1-FADS2 and ELOVL2 gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to autism spectrum disorders in Chinese children. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:283. [PMID: 30180836 PMCID: PMC6122697 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a complex group of neurodevelopmental disorders with a genetic basis. The role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and the occurrence of autism has been the focus of many recent studies. The present study investigates whether genetic variants of the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 1/2 and elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein (ELOVL) 2 genes, which are involved in LC-PUFA metabolism, are associated with ASD risk. METHODS A cohort of 243 ASD patients and 243 unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in this case control study. Sixteen tag single nucleotide polymorphisms from the FADS1-2 and ELOVL2 genes were genotyped using the Sequenom Mass Array. RESULTS There were significant differences in allelic distribution of FADS2 rs526126 (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.42-0.72, pFDR < 0.05) between autistic children and controls. FADS2 rs526126 and ELOVL2 rs10498676 were associated with decreased ASD risk in recessive model (OR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.02-0.22, pFDR < 0.01; OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.35-0.89, pFDR = 0.042), while ELOVL2 rs17606561, rs3756963, and rs9468304 were associated with increased ASD risk in overdominant model (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.12-2.36, pFDR = 0.036; OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.14-2.37, pFDR = 0.039; OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.22-2.50, pFDR = 0.017). The A/A genotype of rs10498676 was correlated with a decline in the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised communication (verbal and nonverbal) domain. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence of an association between FADS2 and ELOVL2 polymorphisms and ASD susceptibility in Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Sun
- 0000 0001 2204 9268grid.410736.7Department of Children’s and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Mingyang Zou
- 0000 0001 2204 9268grid.410736.7Department of Children’s and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Xuelai Wang
- 0000 0001 2204 9268grid.410736.7Department of Children’s and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Wei Xia
- 0000 0001 2204 9268grid.410736.7Department of Children’s and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Yongjuan Ma
- 0000 0001 2204 9268grid.410736.7Department of Children’s and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Shuang Liang
- 0000 0001 2204 9268grid.410736.7Department of Children’s and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Yanqiu Hao
- 0000 0001 2204 9268grid.410736.7Department of Pediatric, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Lijie Wu
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Songbin Fu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Barrera C, Valenzuela R, Chamorro R, Bascuñán K, Sandoval J, Sabag N, Valenzuela F, Valencia MP, Puigrredon C, Valenzuela A. The Impact of Maternal Diet during Pregnancy and Lactation on the Fatty Acid Composition of Erythrocytes and Breast Milk of Chilean Women. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070839. [PMID: 29958393 PMCID: PMC6073898 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diet during pregnancy is relevant for fatty acid supply during fetal life and lactation. Arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids are also relevant for the normal growth and development of brain and visual system. AA and DHA provided by the mother to the fetus and infant are directly associated with maternal dietary intake and body stores. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of maternal diet, specially referring to the quality of fatty acid intake, in a sample of Chilean women during last stage of pregnancy and across the lactation period. Fifty healthy pregnant women (age range 20–33 years) were studied from the 6th month of pregnancy and followed until 6th month of lactation period. Diet characteristics were evaluated through food frequency questionnaires. Fatty acids composition of erythrocyte phospholipids and breast milk samples was assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. Overall, women had high saturated fatty acids intake with sufficient intake of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Diet was high in n-6 PUFA and low in n-3 PUFA (mainly DHA), with imbalanced n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio. Erythrocytes and breast milk DHA concentration was significantly reduced during lactation compared to pregnancy, a pattern not observed for AA. We concluded that is necessary to increase the intake of n-3 PUFA during pregnancy and lactation by improving the quality of consumed foods with particular emphasis on its DHA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Barrera
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Casilla 70000, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Casilla 70000, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
- Lipid Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo Chamorro
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Casilla 70000, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Karla Bascuñán
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Casilla 70000, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Jorge Sandoval
- Lipid Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile, Av. Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Natalia Sabag
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Casilla 70000, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Francesca Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Casilla 70000, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - María-Paz Valencia
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Casilla 70000, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Claudia Puigrredon
- Lipid Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile, Av. Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Alfonso Valenzuela
- Lipid Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
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30
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Cui J, Diao J, Sun T, Shi M, Liu L, Wang F, Chen L, Zhang W. 13C Metabolic Flux Analysis of Enhanced Lipid Accumulation Modulated by Ethanolamine in Crypthecodinium cohnii. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:956. [PMID: 29867861 PMCID: PMC5963191 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterotrophic microalga Crypthecodinium cohnii has attracted considerable attention due to its capability of accumulating lipids with a high fraction of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In our previous study, ethanolamine (ETA) was identified as an effective chemical modulator for lipid accumulation in C. cohnii. In this study, to gain a better understanding of the lipid metabolism and mechanism for the positive effects of modulator ETA, metabolic flux analysis was performed using 13C-labeled glucose with and without 1 mM ETA modulator. The analysis of flux distribution showed that with the addition of ETA, flux in glycolysis pathway and citrate pyruvate cycle was strengthened while flux in pentose phosphate pathway was decreased. In addition, flux in TCA cycle was slightly decreased compared with the control without ETA. The enzyme activity of malic enzyme (ME) was significantly increased, suggesting that NADP+-dependent ME might be the major source of NADPH for lipid accumulation. The flux information obtained by this study could be valuable for the further efforts in improving lipid accumulation and DHA production in C. cohnii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Cui
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinjin Diao
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengliang Shi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Liangsen Liu
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangzhong Wang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China.,Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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31
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Reynolds LM, Howard TD, Ruczinski I, Kanchan K, Seeds MC, Mathias RA, Chilton FH. Tissue-specific impact of FADS cluster variants on FADS1 and FADS2 gene expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194610. [PMID: 29590160 PMCID: PMC5874031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) long (≥ 20 carbon) chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) play a critical role in human health and disease. Biosynthesis of LC-PUFAs from dietary 18 carbon PUFAs in tissues such as the liver is highly associated with genetic variation within the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster, containing FADS1 and FADS2 that encode the rate-limiting desaturation enzymes in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathway. However, the molecular mechanisms by which FADS genetic variants affect LC-PUFA biosynthesis, and in which tissues, are unclear. The current study examined associations between common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the FADS gene cluster and FADS1 and FADS2 gene expression in 44 different human tissues (sample sizes ranging 70-361) from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project. FADS1 and FADS2 expression were detected in all 44 tissues. Significant cis-eQTLs (within 1 megabase of each gene, False Discovery Rate, FDR<0.05, as defined by GTEx) were identified in 12 tissues for FADS1 gene expression and 23 tissues for FADS2 gene expression. Six tissues had significant (FDR< 0.05) eQTLs associated with both FADS1 and FADS2 (including artery, esophagus, heart, muscle, nerve, and thyroid). Interestingly, the identified eQTLs were consistently found to be associated in opposite directions for FADS1 and FADS2 expression. Taken together, findings from this study suggest common SNPs within the FADS gene cluster impact the transcription of FADS1 and FADS2 in numerous tissues and raise important questions about how the inverse expression of these two genes impact intermediate molecular (such a LC-PUFA and LC-PUFA-containing glycerolipid levels) and ultimately clinical phenotypes associated with inflammatory diseases and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Howard
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kanika Kanchan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Seeds
- Department of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rasika A. Mathias
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Floyd H. Chilton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
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32
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Waidyatillake NT, Dharmage SC, Allen KJ, Lodge CJ, Simpson JA, Bowatte G, Abramson MJ, Lowe AJ. Association of breast milk fatty acids with allergic disease outcomes-A systematic review. Allergy 2018; 73:295-312. [PMID: 28869762 DOI: 10.1111/all.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have immunoregulatory properties. Breast milk is rich in PUFA, and it has been hypothesized that these PUFAs may be important in the aetiology of allergic diseases. Despite a growing body of evidence, the associations between breast milk PUFA and allergic disease have not previously been systematically reviewed. METHODS The search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE databases using breastfeeding, fatty acid and allergic disease terms. Two authors were involved in selecting papers for review according to the inclusion criteria and extracting information on study characteristics and measures of association. Only studies that reported numeric associations between concentration of breast milk fatty acids and allergic disease outcomes were included. RESULTS A total of 18 papers met the inclusion criteria, reporting results from 15 study populations. The majority were cohort studies (n=11), with data from only two case-control and two cross-sectional studies. Sample size varied between 30 and 352 participants, and follow-up time of the cohorts varied between 3 months and 14 years. Nine studies reported on eczema, seven reported on sensitization, and only five reported on asthma/wheeze. There was heterogeneity among studies in terms of presenting the association between PUFA and allergy; therefore, estimates could not be pooled. Only a few studies observed associations between n-3 and n-6 PUFAs and allergic disease, and the magnitude of this effect varied greatly. CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to suggest that colostrum or breast milk polyunsaturated fatty acids influence the risk of childhood allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. T. Waidyatillake
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - S. C. Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - K. J. Allen
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - C. J. Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - J. A. Simpson
- Biostatistics Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - G. Bowatte
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - M. J. Abramson
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine; Monash University; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - A. J. Lowe
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne VIC Australia
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33
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Lien EL, Richard C, Hoffman DR. DHA and ARA addition to infant formula: Current status and future research directions. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 128:26-40. [PMID: 29413359 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) are present in breast milk and play important roles in early infant development. A supply of these fatty acids in infant formula (typically following breast milk as a model with ARA > DHA) is thought to be important since endogenous synthesis is insufficient to maintain tissue levels equivalent to breast-fed infants. Intervention studies assessing the impact of DHA- and ARA-supplemented formulas have resulted in numerous positive developmental outcomes (closer to breast-fed infants) including measures of specific cognition functions, visual acuity, and immune responses. A critical analysis of outcome assessment tools reveals the essentiality of selecting appropriate, focused techniques in order to provide accurate evaluation of DHA- and ARA-supplemented formulas. Future research directions should encompass in-depth assessment of specific cognitive outcomes, immune function, and disease incidence, as well as sources of experimental variability such as the status of fatty acid desaturase polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Lien
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, 905S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - C Richard
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, 4-002G Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - D R Hoffman
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, 9600 North. Central Expressway, Dallas, TX 75231, USA
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Developmental Outcomes at 24 Months of Age in Toddlers Supplemented with Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid: Results of a Double Blind Randomized, Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090975. [PMID: 28878181 PMCID: PMC5622735 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) requirements in toddlers. A longitudinal, double blind, controlled trial in toddlers (n = 133) age 13.4 ± 0.9 months (mean ± standard deviation), randomized to receive a DHA (200 mg/day) and ARA (200 mg/day) supplement (supplement) or a corn oil supplement (control) until age 24 months determined effects on neurodevelopment. We found no effect of the supplement on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd Edition (Bayley-III) cognitive and language composites and Beery–Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual–Motor Integration (Beery VMI) at age 24 months. Supplemented toddlers had higher RBC phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and plasma DHA and ARA compared to placebo toddlers at age 24 months. A positive relationship between RBC PE ARA and Bayley III Cognitive composite (4.55 (0.21–9.00), B (95% CI), p = 0.045) in supplemented boys, but not in control boys, was observed in models adjusted for baseline fatty acid, maternal non-verbal intelligence, and BMI z-score at age 24 months. A similar positive relationship between RBC PE ARA and Bayley III Language composite was observed for supplemented boys (11.52 (5.10–17.94), p < 0.001) and girls (11.19 (4.69–17.68), p = 0.001). These findings suggest that increasing the ARA status in toddlers is associated with better neurodevelopment at age 24 months.
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Waidyatillake NT, Stoney R, Thien F, Lodge CJ, Simpson JA, Allen KJ, Abramson MJ, Erbas B, Svanes C, Dharmage SC, Lowe AJ. Breast milk polyunsaturated fatty acids: associations with adolescent allergic disease and lung function. Allergy 2017; 72:1193-1201. [PMID: 28027401 DOI: 10.1111/all.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that n-3 PUFA in breast milk may assist immune and lung development. There are very limited data on possible long-term effects on allergic disease and lung function. The aim was to investigate associations of n-3 and n-6 PUFA levels in colostrum and breast milk with allergic disease and lung function at ages 12 and 18 years. METHODS Polyunsaturated fatty acids were measured in 194 colostrum samples and in 118 three-month expressed breast milk samples from mothers of children enrolled in the Melbourne Atopy Cohort (MACS) Study, a high-risk birth cohort study. Associations with allergic diseases, skin prick tests and lung function assessed at 12 and 18 years were estimated using multivariable regression. RESULTS Higher levels of n-3 but not n-6 PUFAs in colostrum were associated with a trend towards increased odds of allergic diseases, with strong associations observed for allergic rhinitis at 12 (OR = 5.69[95% CI: 1.83,17.60] per weight%) and 18 years (4.43[1.46,13.39]) and eczema at 18 years (9.89[1.44, 68.49]). Higher levels of colostrum n-3 PUFAs were associated with reduced sensitization (3.37[1.18, 9.6]), mean FEV1 (-166 ml [-332, -1]) and FEV1 /FVC ratio (-4.6%, [-8.1, -1.1]) at 12 years. CONCLUSION Higher levels of colostrum n-3 PUFAs were associated with increased risks of allergic rhinitis and eczema up to 18 years, and sensitization and reduced lung function at 12 years. As residual confounding may have caused these associations, they should be replicated, but these results could indicate that strategies that increase maternal n-3 PUFA intake may not aid in allergic disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. T. Waidyatillake
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - R. Stoney
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Redland Hospital and Wynnum Health Service; Metro South Health; Brisbane Australia
| | - F. Thien
- Respiratory Medicine; Eastern Health Box Hill Hospital; Monash University; Melbourne Australia
| | - C. J. Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
| | - J. A. Simpson
- Biostatistics Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - K. J. Allen
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
- Department of Allergy; Royal Childrens Hospital; Melbourne Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - M. J. Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine; Monash University; Melbourne Australia
| | - B. Erbas
- School of Psychology and Public Health; La Trobe University; Melbourne Australia
| | - C. Svanes
- Centre for International Health; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Department of Occupational Medicine; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | - S. C. Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
| | - A. J. Lowe
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
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Screening and transcriptomic analysis of Crypthecodinium cohnii mutants with high growth and lipid content using the acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor sethoxydim. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6179-6191. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Buckley MT, Racimo F, Allentoft ME, Jensen MK, Jonsson A, Huang H, Hormozdiari F, Sikora M, Marnetto D, Eskin E, Jørgensen ME, Grarup N, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Kraft P, Willerslev E, Nielsen R. Selection in Europeans on Fatty Acid Desaturases Associated with Dietary Changes. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:1307-1318. [PMID: 28333262 PMCID: PMC5435082 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FADS genes encode fatty acid desaturases that are important for the conversion of short chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to long chain fatty acids. Prior studies indicate that the FADS genes have been subjected to strong positive selection in Africa, South Asia, Greenland, and Europe. By comparing FADS sequencing data from present-day and Bronze Age (5-3k years ago) Europeans, we identify possible targets of selection in the European population, which suggest that selection has targeted different alleles in the FADS genes in Europe than it has in South Asia or Greenland. The alleles showing the strongest changes in allele frequency since the Bronze Age show associations with expression changes and multiple lipid-related phenotypes. Furthermore, the selected alleles are associated with a decrease in linoleic acid and an increase in arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids among Europeans; this is an opposite effect of that observed for selected alleles in Inuit from Greenland. We show that multiple SNPs in the region affect expression levels and PUFA synthesis. Additionally, we find evidence for a gene-environment interaction influencing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels between alleles affecting PUFA synthesis and PUFA dietary intake: carriers of the derived allele display lower LDL cholesterol levels with a higher intake of PUFAs. We hypothesize that the selective patterns observed in Europeans were driven by a change in dietary composition of fatty acids following the transition to agriculture, resulting in a lower intake of arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, but a higher intake of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Buckley
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Fernando Racimo
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Morten E. Allentoft
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Majken K. Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health & Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anna Jonsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Farhad Hormozdiari
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martin Sikora
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Davide Marnetto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Eleazar Eskin
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marit E. Jørgensen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Eske Willerslev
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Cribb L, Murphy J, Froud A, Oliver G, Bousman CA, Ng CH, Sarris J. Erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid composition is associated with depression and FADS genotype in Caucasians. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:589-601. [PMID: 28552045 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1327685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an important role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), related, in part, to their role in inflammatory systems. The enzymes δ-5 and δ-6 desaturase are the rate-limiting steps in the metabolism of PUFAs and are encoded in the genes fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 1 and 2, respectively. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes within the FADS gene cluster have been shown to influence PUFA composition. AIM The objective of this study was to determine whether key omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids may be associated with depression, and to explore the role of FADS genotype in PUFA variation. METHODS Four erythrocyte long chain (LC) fatty acids (linoleic acid [LA], α-linolenic acid [ALA], arachidonic acid [AA] and Eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]), as well as six SNPs (rs174537, rs174547, rs174570, rs174575, rs498793 and rs3834458) within the FADS gene cluster were measured in a sample of 207 participants (154 with MDD versus 53 non-depressed controls). RESULTS The precursor LC-PUFAs LA and ALA appeared to be negatively associated with depression (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively), while AA:LA (surrogate measure of desaturase activity) was positively associated with depression (P < 0.01). No significant differences were noted in erythrocyte EPA, AA or AA:EPA between groups. Minor alleles of each SNP (excluding rs498793) were associated with variation in desaturase activity and LA. Both rs174537 and rs174547 were associated with ALA. No genotype was associated with EPA or AA. Minor alleles of rs174537 and rs174547 were significantly associated with lower odds of MDD (although significance was lost after correction for multiple comparisons). CONCLUSION Precursor LC-PUFAs, LA and ALA, appear to be associated with MDD and potentially modulated by genetic variation in the FADS gene cluster. These results provide support for the consideration of PUFA composition, diet and FADS genetic variation in the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Cribb
- a The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Jenifer Murphy
- a The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Amy Froud
- a The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Georgina Oliver
- a The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Chad A Bousman
- a The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.,b Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia.,c Department of General Practice , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia.,d Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia.,e Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn , Australia
| | - Chee H Ng
- a The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Jerome Sarris
- a The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.,f NICM, Western Sydney University , Campbelltown , Australia
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Ganança L, Galfalvy HC, Oquendo MA, Hezghia A, Cooper TB, Mann JJ, Sublette ME. Lipid correlates of antidepressant response to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation: A pilot study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 119:38-44. [PMID: 28410668 PMCID: PMC5487266 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Low omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels are seen in major depression. We examined effects of six weeks of fish oil supplementation on clinical characteristics in 16 patients with symptomatic major depressive disorder, and tested plasma phospholipid levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as correlates of clinical response. Depression symptoms improved after supplementation (p=0.007). The reduction in depression severity was not predicted by baseline PUFA levels but did exhibit a relationship with endpoint PUFAs, correlating negatively with DHA as a percentage of plasma phospholipids (DHA%; R2=0.60, p=0.004), adjusting for endpoint EPA%; and correlating positively with endpoint EPA% (R2=0.58, p=0.007), adjusting for endpoint DHA%. Thus, the higher the proportion of DHA to EPA, the greater the reduction in depression severity (r=-0.43, p=0.097). Five patients showed a decrease of >50% on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and a final score <7 and were thus not only responders but met standard criteria for remission, and were distinguished from non-responders by higher levels of DHA% (p=0.03). This pilot study suggests that post-supplementation DHA% levels may be a necessary target for antidepressant response to fish oil, and that this may depend to some extent on the efficacy of EPA conversion to DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licinia Ganança
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, United States; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States.
| | - Hanga C Galfalvy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, United States.
| | - Maria A Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, United States; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States.
| | - Adrienne Hezghia
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, United States; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States.
| | - Thomas B Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, United States; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States; Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, United States.
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, United States; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States; Department of Radiology, Columbia University, United States.
| | - M Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, United States; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States.
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Azulay Chertok IR, Haile ZT, Eventov-Friedman S, Silanikove N, Argov-Argaman N. Influence of gestational diabetes mellitus on fatty acid concentrations in human colostrum. Nutrition 2017; 36:17-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid (FA) composition of breast milk, and its association with mothers' FA intake. Milk samples were obtained from 238 healthy lactating women who volunteered to participate in the Human Milk Micronutrients Analysis Research. Dietary intake during lactation was assessed using a 3-d food record, and fat content and FA composition of the breast milk samples were analysed by IR spectrometry using MilkoScan FT2 and GC flame ionisation detector, respectively. The fat content was 3·31 (sd 1·41) g/100 ml breast milk. The concentrations of arachidonic acid (20 : 4 n-6), EPA (20 : 5 n-3) and DHA (22 : 6 n-3) in breast milk were 0·48 (sd 0·13), 0·15 (sd 0·12) and 0·67 (sd 0·47) % of total FA, respectively. Fat content and FA composition of breast milk were associated with maternal age, BMI, supplement use and infant age. Dietary intakes of EPA, DHA, n-3 FA, n-6 FA, SFA and PUFA were positively correlated with the corresponding FA in the milk samples. FA levels in breast milk and maternal diet are highly correlated. Further studies are warranted to explore factors that may be associated with changes in FA composition in human milk.
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Tanjung C, Rzehak P, Mansyur M, Munasir Z, Sudoyo H, Immanuel S, Irawan R, Reischl E, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B, Hadinegoro SR, Sjarif DR. Study protocol to investigate the environmental and genetic aetiology of atopic dermatitis: the Indonesian Prospective Study of Atopic Dermatitis in Infants (ISADI). BMJ Open 2017; 7:e012475. [PMID: 28259851 PMCID: PMC5353254 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common skin disorder in young children worldwide, with a high impact on morbidity and quality of life. To date, no prospective study has been published on the incidence and potential predictors of AD in South East Asian populations. The Indonesian Prospective Study of Atopic Dermatitis in Infants (ISADI) will address the genetic, metabolic and dietary characteristics of mothers and their offspring, as well as potential determinants of AD within the first year of infant life. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This prospective study will be undertaken in about 400 infants to investigate the direct and indirect effects of filaggrin (FLG) gene mutations, the genetic variants of FADS1, FADS2 and FADS3 and the role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) on the development of AD. We will use standardised protocols for subject recruitment, umbilical artery plasma analysis, buccal cell sampling for genotyping, fatty acid analysis, physical exams, 3-day food-intake recall of mothers and children, as well as comprehensive questionnaires on environmental, socioeconomic and AD-related factors, including family history. Monthly monitoring by telephone and physical exams every 3 months will be carried out to assess participants' anthropometry, medical history and incidence of AD diagnosis during the first year of life. Hypotheses-driven analyses of quality-controlled dietary, genetic and metabolic data will be performed with state-of-the-art statistical methods (eg, AD-event history, haplotype, dietary or metabolic factor analysis). Direct and indirect effects of genetics and LCPUFA in buccal cell and cord plasma glycerophospholipids as potential mediators of inflammation on AD development will be evaluated by path analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Permanent Medical Research Ethics Committee in Medicine and Health/Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (No. 47/H2.F1/ETIK/2014) approved the study protocol (extended by the letter no. 148/UN2.F1/ETIK/2015). We aim to disseminate our findings via publication in an international journal with high impact factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conny Tanjung
- Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia,Jakarta, Indonesia
- Pantai Indah Kapuk Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Peter Rzehak
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Zakiudin Munasir
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine,Universitas Indonesia, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Herawati Sudoyo
- Faculty of Medicine, Sydney University, Sydney,Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Suzanna Immanuel
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Roedi Irawan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr Sutomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Eva Reischl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine,Universitas Indonesia, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Damayanti Rusli Sjarif
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine,Universitas Indonesia, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Furusawa T, Naka I, Yamauchi T, Natsuhara K, Eddie R, Kimura R, Nakazawa M, Ishida T, Ohtsuka R, Ohashi J. Polymorphisms associated with a tropical climate and root crop diet induce susceptibility to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in Solomon Islands. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172676. [PMID: 28253292 PMCID: PMC5333831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The people of the Solomon Islands represent an Austronesian (AN)-speaking population's adaptation to a humid tropical environment and subsistence of tuberous crops. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of other populations (e.g. the Human Genome Diversity Project [HGDP]) have suggested the existence of genotypes adaptive to ecoregion, diet, and subsistence, and that those genotypes are also associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the incidence of non-communicable diseases has been increasing in the Solomon Islands. In the present study, we explored the association of genotypes adaptive to a tropical environment and tuberous crop diet with metabolic and cardiovascular conditions in rural and urban AN-speaking Melanesian and Micronesian populations of the Solomon Islands. A total of 561 participants were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) potentially associated with a tropical environment (rs174570 and rs2237892) and a tuberous crop diet (rs162036, rs185819, and rs2722425). The results showed that the allele frequencies of the Solomon Islands populations adopted patterns similar to those in populations from other hot, tropical areas with a tuberous crop diet in previous studies. Furthermore, rs162036, rs185819, rs2237892, and rs2722425 were all strongly associated with one or more metabolic and cardiovascular conditions. The derived allele of rs2722425 (i.e. rs2722425-G) was significantly associated with an elevated LDL level (P = 0.000264) even after the significance level was adjusted for multiple testing (i.e., α = 0.0005). Our results suggest that the inhabitants of the Solomon Islands exhibit the effects of the tropical environment and tuberous crop diet on their allele frequencies, and that their susceptibility to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases is therefore considered to be associated with their environment and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Furusawa
- Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Izumi Naka
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Ricky Eddie
- National Gizo Hospital, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Gizo, Solomon Islands
| | - Ryosuke Kimura
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Minato Nakazawa
- Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Jun Ohashi
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Koletzko B. Should Women Providing Milk to Their Preterm Infants Take Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplements? Clin Perinatol 2017; 44:85-93. [PMID: 28159211 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Based on the available data, a high milk docosahexaenoic acid supply to very low-birth-weight infants and to extremely low-birth-weight infants at levels that support tissue accretion rates similar to the high rates of intrauterine deposition has the potential to enhance the early visual and cognitive development, and to reduce the occurrence of adverse events, such as severe developmental delay, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and allergic manifestations in infancy and early childhood. Possibly subgroups of preterm infants achieve greater benefits as well as infants with genotypes predicting a low rate of endogenous long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolism and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Campus Innenstadt Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany.
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Drzymała-Czyż S, Krzyżanowska P, Koletzko B, Nowak J, Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka A, Moczko JA, Lisowska A, Walkowiak J. Determinants of Serum Glycerophospholipid Fatty Acids in Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010185. [PMID: 28106773 PMCID: PMC5297817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of altered blood fatty acid (FA) composition in cystic fibrosis (CF) is understood only partially. We aimed to investigate the determinants of serum glycerophospholipids’ FAs in CF with regard to the highest number of FAs and in the largest cohort to date. The study comprised 172 CF patients and 30 healthy subjects (HS). We assessed Fas’ profile (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry), CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genotype, spirometry, fecal elastase-1, body height and weight Z-scores, liver disease, diabetes and colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The amounts of saturated FAs (C14:0, C16:0) and monounsaturated FAs (C16:1n-7, C18:1n-9, C20:1n-9, C20:3n-9) were significantly higher in CF patients than in HS. C18:3n-6, C20:3n-6 and C22:4n-6 levels were also higher in CF, but C18:2n-6, C20:2n-6 and C20:4n-6, as well as C22:6n-3, were lower. In a multiple regression analysis, levels of seven FAs were predicted by various sets of factors that included age, genotype, forced expiratory volume in one second, pancreatic status and diabetes. FA composition abnormalities are highly prevalent in CF patients. They seem to be caused by both metabolic disturbances and independent clinical risk factors. Further research into the influence of CFTR mutations on fat metabolism and desaturases’ activity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Krzyżanowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Lindwurmstr. 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jan Nowak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Anna Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jerzy A Moczko
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 79, 60-529 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Lisowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
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Whole-blood fatty acids are associated with executive function in Tanzanian children aged 4-6 years: a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1537-1545. [PMID: 27765078 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Essential fatty acids (EFA) are PUFA that are metabolised to long-chain PUFA and are important for brain development and cognitive function. The objective of this study was to determine the association between whole-blood EFA and cognitive function in Tanzanian children. A total of 325 2-6-year-old children attempted the dimensional change card sort (DCCS) tasks to assess executive function. Blood samples were collected for fatty acid (FA) analysis by GC. Associations between executive function and FA levels were assessed by regression. Among the 130 4-6-year-old children who attempted the DCCS tasks, whole-blood levels of linoleic acid were positively associated with executive function, whereas whole-blood levels of α-linolenic acid and nervonic acid were inversely associated with executive function. A full model including all twenty-five FA explained 38 % of the variation in executive function, whereas a reduced model including only the EFA (α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid), DHA and EPA explained 25 % of the variation in executive function. Children who had sufficient whole-blood levels of EFA were 3·8 times more likely to successfully complete all DCCS tasks compared with children with insufficient EFA. These results suggest that whole-blood FA levels are associated with cognitive abilities. Intervention trials that include assessment of whole-blood FA levels are required to determine the relationships between intake, blood levels and executive function in Tanzanian children.
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Fink NH, Collins CT, Gibson RA, Makrides M, Penttila IA. Targeting inflammation in the preterm infant: The role of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Cui T, Hester AG, Seeds MC, Rahbar E, Howard TD, Sergeant S, Chilton FH. Impact of Genetic and Epigenetic Variations Within the FADS Cluster on the Composition and Metabolism of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Prostate Cancer. Prostate 2016; 76:1182-91. [PMID: 27197070 PMCID: PMC6680327 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro and experimental animal studies have demonstrated that high levels of omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and high ratios of n-6 to omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs are strongly associated with the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCA). However, epidemiological studies in humans have demonstrated inconsistent findings linking dietary PUFAs and PCA risk. We hypothesize that genetic and epigenetic variations within the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster produce gene-diet interactions that may explain these disparate findings. This study tested the relationship of the genotype of a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs174537, and the methylation status of a CpG site, cg27386326, with PUFA composition, and markers of PUFA biosynthesis in PCA tissue. METHODS Sixty PCA specimens from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were genotyped, pyrosequenced and quantitated for fatty acids (FAs). RESULTS Long-chain (LC)-PUFAs, such as arachidonic acid (ARA), were abundant in these specimens, with ARA accounting for 15.8% of total FAs. In addition, there was a positive association of the G allele at rs174537 with concentrations of ARA and adrenic acid and ratios of products to precursors within the n-6 PUFA pathway such that specimens from homozygous G individuals exhibited increasingly higher values as compared to specimens from heterozygous individuals and homozygous T individuals. Finally, the methylation status of cg27386326 was inversely correlated with tissue concentrations of LC-PUFAs and markers of LC-PUFA biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that genetic and epigenetic variations within the FADS cluster are highly associated with LC-PUFA concentrations and LC-PUFA biosynthetic capacity in PCA tissue. They also raise the potential that gene-PUFA interactions play an important role in PCA risk and severity. Prostate 76:1182-1191, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. The Prostate published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cui
- Department of UrologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth Carolina
| | - Austin G. Hester
- Department of UrologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth Carolina
| | - Michael C. Seeds
- Department of Internal MedicineSection on Translational and Molecular MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth Carolina
| | - Elaheh Rahbar
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth Carolina
| | - Timothy D. Howard
- Department of Internal MedicineSection on Genetics and GenomicsWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth Carolina
| | - Susan Sergeant
- Department of BiochemistryWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth Carolina
| | - Floyd H. Chilton
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth Carolina
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Sergeant S, Rahbar E, Chilton FH. Gamma-linolenic acid, Dihommo-gamma linolenic, Eicosanoids and Inflammatory Processes. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 785:77-86. [PMID: 27083549 PMCID: PMC4975646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6) is an omega-6 (n-6), 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in human milk and several botanical seed oils and is typically consumed as part of a dietary supplement. While there have been numerous in vitro and in vivo animal models which illustrate that GLA-supplemented diets attenuate inflammatory responses, clinical studies utilizing GLA or GLA in combination with omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs have been much less conclusive. A central premise of this review is that there are critical metabolic and genetic factors that affect the conversion of GLA to dihommo-gamma linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3n-6) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), which consequently affects the balance of DGLA- and AA- derived metabolites. As a result, these factors impact the clinical effectiveness of GLA or GLA/(n-3) PUFA supplementations in treating inflammatory conditions. Specifically, these factors include: 1) the capacity for different human cells and tissues to convert GLA to DGLA and AA and to metabolize DGLA and AA to bioactive metabolites; 2) the opposing effects of DGLA and AA metabolites on inflammatory processes and diseases; and 3) the impact of genetic variations within the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster, in particular, on AA/DGLA ratios and bioactive metabolites. We postulate that these factors influence the heterogeneity of results observed in GLA supplement-based clinical trials and suggest that "one-size fits all" approaches utilizing PUFA-based supplements may no longer be appropriate for the prevention and treatment of complex human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Sergeant
- Department of Biochemistry; Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Elaheh Rahbar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Floyd H Chilton
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Adams MS, Adams RB, Wessman CA, Demmig-Adams B. Nutritional Cues Tie Living Organisms to Their Environment and Its Sustainability. Front Nutr 2016; 3:28. [PMID: 27570764 PMCID: PMC4981599 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We connect modern, intensive agriculture's role in environmental degradation to its role in producing nutritionally unbalanced foods, and delineate specific approaches to reduce agriculture's environmental impact, while producing healthful foods. We call attention to recently discovered genetic programs used by all living organisms to respond to their environment, and present a model of how these programs change body composition and function (of humans and their crop plants and livestock alike) in response to environmental cues. We propose that production of nutritionally balanced crops and livestock requires careful consideration of how these plants and animals are grown; the composition of plant food is modulated by growing conditions, body composition of livestock reflects their feed; composition and function of human body and brain are strongly affected by how food plants and animals are produced. We selected four nutritional features not only involved in (i) governing human health by modulating these genetic programs, but (ii) also affected by agricultural practices. These nutritional features are fat composition (especially saturated fat and the ratio of polyunsaturated omega-6 oils to omega-3 oils), carbohydrate composition (especially the proportion of carbohydrates with a high glycemic index, such as sugars and quick-burning starches) and the level of antioxidant micronutrients. We not only outline threats to human health presented by the current environment, but also potential gains in quality-of-life in a future environment designed to optimize human wellness using insights into the gene-programing effect of diet- and other lifestyle-related factors. These gains could extend beyond optimal human physical and mental health to gains in workforce productivity. The same changes in agricultural practices required to achieve these gains in human health are also needed to support environmental health and sustainable food production. The resulting vision of optimal human health and environmental health, supported by sustainable practices, is intended as an inspiring image of what sustainability has to offer to individuals and society. Our goal is to provide a transparent overview and illustrations intelligible not only to non-experts in each of the other respective areas involved but also to policy makers and the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S. Adams
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Robert B. Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Carol A. Wessman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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