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Hedley D, Uljarević M, Bury SM, Haschek A, Richdale AL, Trollor JN, Stokes MA. Examination of the Potential Moderating Role of Psychological Wellbeing in the Relationship Between Depression and Thoughts of Self-Harm in Autistic Adolescents and Adults: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06489-x. [PMID: 39078579 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autistic people have a significantly increased risk of death by suicide relative to the general population. In non-autistic samples, psychological wellbeing has been shown to moderate the relationship between depression and suicidal thoughts and behavior. Thoughts of self-harm may provide a useful indicator of suicidal risk. In this longitudinal study we examined (a) the potential role for psychological wellbeing to moderate the relationship between depressive symptoms and thoughts of self-harm and (b) the contribution of autistic traits to thoughts of self-harm. METHODS Participants were 209 autistic adolescents and adults aged 15 to 80 years (Mage = 34.20, SD = 15.38 years). RESULTS At both baseline and 2-year follow-up, 35% of participants reported recent thoughts of self-harm. Wellbeing was associated with autistic traits (r = - .350 to - 0.404) and depression (r = - .480 to - 0.759). Thoughts of self-harm were positively associated with autistic traits and depression (r = .242 to 0.659), and negatively associated with wellbeing (r = - .287 to - 0.609). Controlling for baseline thoughts of self-harm, depression (β = 0.254, p = .001) and autistic traits (β = 0.162, p = .007) significantly predicted thoughts of self-harm at 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSION Despite a lack of support for the hypothesis that wellbeing would moderate the relationship between depression and thoughts of self-harm, correlational data demonstrated significant associations between wellbeing and both depression and thoughts of self-harm. Future research considering psychological wellbeing as a potential protective factor for self-harm in autistic people is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Hedley
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | | | - Simon M Bury
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra Haschek
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amanda L Richdale
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC),, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Albarracin M, Bouchard-Joly G, Sheikhbahaee Z, Miller M, Pitliya RJ, Poirier P. Feeling our place in the world: an active inference account of self-esteem. Neurosci Conscious 2024; 2024:niae007. [PMID: 38562605 PMCID: PMC10984624 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-esteem, the evaluation of one's own worth or value, is a critical aspect of psychological well-being and mental health. In this paper, we propose an active inference account of self-esteem, casting it as a sociometer or an inferential capacity to interpret one's standing within a social group. This approach allows us to explore the interaction between an individual's self-perception and the expectations of their social environment.When there is a mismatch between these perceptions and expectations, the individual needs to adjust their actions or update their self-perception to better align with their current experiences. We also consider this hypothesis in relation with recent research on affective inference, suggesting that self-esteem enables the individual to track and respond to this discrepancy through affective states such as anxiety or positive affect. By acting as an inferential sociometer, self-esteem allows individuals to navigate and adapt to their social environment, ultimately impacting their psychological well-being and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahault Albarracin
- Département d'Informatique, Université du Québec à Montréal, 405 Rue Sainte-Catherine Est, Montreal H2L 2C4, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Bouchard-Joly
- Département d'Informatique, Université du Québec à Montréal, 405 Rue Sainte-Catherine Est, Montreal H2L 2C4, QC, Canada
| | - Zahra Sheikhbahaee
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, 5757, Av. Decelles bureau 500, Montreal, QC H3S 2C3, Canada
| | - Mark Miller
- Monash Centre for Consciousness and Contemplative Studies, Monash University, Melboume, Australia
- Psychology Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Riddhi J Pitliya
- Department of Experimental Psychology Oxford University, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Poirier
- Département d'Informatique, Université du Québec à Montréal, 405 Rue Sainte-Catherine Est, Montreal H2L 2C4, QC, Canada
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Zhou J, Hu T, Xue S, Dong Z, Tang W. The association of childhood trauma with suicidality in adult psychiatric patients: The mediating role of NSSI and the moderating role of self-esteem. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:664-677. [PMID: 38265412 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of specific childhood trauma subtypes to suicidal thoughts and the associated mechanisms remains unclear, particularly in psychiatric patients. METHODS Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 449 psychiatric patients aged 18-73. Childhood trauma, self-esteem, nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), and suicidality were assessed retrospectively. Regression and moderated mediation model were employed to examine these relationships. RESULTS Emotional and sexual abuse were independently associated with suicidality. Female patients reported higher levels of emotional and sexual abuse, lower self-esteem, and a heightened risk of suicide. Self-esteem moderated the links between childhood trauma and NSSI, as well as between NSSI and suicidality. NSSI served as a mediator between childhood trauma and suicidality. CONCLUSIONS Suicide prevention in mentally ill patients should involve targeted programs addressing specific childhood trauma. Additionally, psychological interventions to enhance self-esteem and assist individuals engaging in NSSI behavior are crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Leshan People's Hospital, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Hu
- School of Education and Psychology, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
- Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Xue
- Department of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanjie Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Bakken V, Lydersen S, Skokauskas N, Sund AM, Kaasbøll J. Protective factors for suicidal ideation: a prospective study from adolescence to adulthood. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02379-w. [PMID: 38356041 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02379-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent suicidality is associated with negative outcomes in adulthood. Suicide prevention has traditionally focused on identifying risk factors, yet suicide rates have remained stable. With suicidality often going undetected-especially suicidal ideation, further knowledge about protective factors is needed. The main objective of this study was to investigate potential protective factors for suicidal ideation from adolescence to adulthood. The study employed longitudinal population survey data, "Youth and Mental Health Study" consisting of self-reports at two-time points (mean age 14.9, SD = 0.6 and 27.2, SD = 0.6) (n = 2423 and n = 1198). Protective factors (at individual, social and environmental level) were selected based on a priori knowledge. Internal consistency of scales was analyzed using McDonald's omega. We used a linear mixed model with suicidal ideation as the dependent variable, time-points, a protective factor variable and their interaction as covariates, and individual participant as random effects. We adjusted for sex and also conducted separate analyses for males and females. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to adjust p-values for multiple hypotheses. Investigated protective factors were associated with temporal change in suicidal ideation (significant interactions). For both sexes, less emotion-orientated coping, higher self-perception scores, greater levels of physical activity and higher school wellbeing/connectedness were protective factors for suicidal ideations. Secure attachment and higher family function were protective factors for females only. The effects in adolescence were mostly maintained in adulthood. In this study, several protective factors for suicidal ideation persisted into adulthood, with distinct differences between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Bakken
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Norbert Skokauskas
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Mari Sund
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jannike Kaasbøll
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway
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Brás M, Elias P, Cunha FF, Martins C, Nunes C, Carmo C. Vulnerability to Suicide Ideation: Comparative Study between Adolescents with and without Psychosocial Risk. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2663. [PMID: 37830700 PMCID: PMC10572437 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescents are characterized as a risk group for suicide, being the fourth leading cause of death in young people. The main aim was to compare vulnerability to suicidal ideation in a sample of young people with and without psychosocial risk. The total sample consisted of 137 adolescents, aged between 10 and 19 years (M = 14.76; SD = 1.40), and it was composed of two groups-the psychosocial risk group (n = 60) and general population group (n = 77). In both groups, suicidal ideation correlated positively with negative events and negatively with self-esteem and social support satisfaction. When comparing the two groups, the psychosocial risk group presented significantly higher mean values of negative life events (mainly separations/losses and physical and sexual abuse) and significantly lower mean values of satisfaction with social support (particularly with family and social activities). It was also found that, in the psychosocial risk group, negative life events were the only significant predictors of suicidal ideation. This study allowed identifying the role of risk and protective factors in suicidal ideation, according to the psychosocial risk of adolescents. The practical implications of the findings on adolescents' mental health and the promotion of their well-being are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Brás
- Psychology Research Centre (CIP), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (F.F.C.); (C.M.); (C.N.); (C.C.)
| | - Patrícia Elias
- Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Francisca Ferreira Cunha
- Psychology Research Centre (CIP), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (F.F.C.); (C.M.); (C.N.); (C.C.)
| | - Cátia Martins
- Psychology Research Centre (CIP), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (F.F.C.); (C.M.); (C.N.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Nunes
- Psychology Research Centre (CIP), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (F.F.C.); (C.M.); (C.N.); (C.C.)
| | - Cláudia Carmo
- Psychology Research Centre (CIP), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (F.F.C.); (C.M.); (C.N.); (C.C.)
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Benzi IMA, Gallus S, Santoro E, Barone L. Psychosocial determinants of sleep difficulties in adolescence: the role of perceived support from family, peers, and school in an Italian HBSC sample. Eur J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s00431-023-04934-0. [PMID: 36952019 PMCID: PMC10257591 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study explores the concurrent contribution to sleep problems of individual-related, family-related, and school-related factors in adolescence. Gathering from the Italian 2018 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) data collection, we used hierarchical logistic regression on a sample of 3397 adolescents (51% females, Mage = 13.99, SD = 1.62) to explore the contribution to sleep problems of the individual (Model 1: alcohol use, smoking, screen time, physical activity), familial (Model 2: parental communication, parental support), and school-related (Model 3: peer support, schoolmates/students support, teacher support and school pressure) variables. 28.3 percent of adolescents reported having sleep difficulties. Overall, Model 3 significantly improved over Model 2 and Model 1. Data showed that increasing smoking (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03-1.20) and screen time (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02-1.08) were associated with sleep difficulties but not alcohol use and physical activity. Also, impaired communication with both parents and increasing parental support (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.78-0.90) were associated with decreased odds of sleep problems. Finally, both increases in school pressure (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.26-1.56) and lack of student support (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.10-1.42) were associated with a higher likelihood of sleep problems, while peer support and teacher support were not. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of an integrated approach to the study of sleep difficulties in adolescence that includes specific psychosocial contributors such as the quality of parental communication and perceived parental support and considers the quality of the day-to-day relationship with schoolmates and the school level of demands. What is Known: • Adolescents' are at-risk of more significant sleep difficulties, and recent literature highlights the importance of an integrated approach to understanding this phenomenon, including biological, psychosocial, and contextual factors. • The literature lacks findings that consider the concurrent contribution of individual and psychosocial factors to sleep difficulties in adolescence. What is New: • The quality of parental communication and perceived parental support, as expressions of adult figures' emotional and behavioural availability in the adolescent's life, are significant determinants of sleep difficulties. • The quality of day-to-day relationships with schoolmates and the school level of demands contribute to adolescent sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Maria Antonietta Benzi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta Adorno Antoniotto, 11, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Santoro
- Laboratory of Medical Informatics, Department of Public Health, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Lavinia Barone
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta Adorno Antoniotto, 11, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Maclean BR, Forrester T, Hawgood J, O’Gorman J, Rimkeviciene J. The Personal Suicide Stigma Questionnaire (PSSQ): Relation to Self-Esteem, Well-Being, and Help-Seeking. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3816. [PMID: 36900827 PMCID: PMC10001682 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two studies are reported that extend the evidence base for use of the Personal Stigma of Suicide Questionnaire (PSSQ). In the first study (N = 117), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the WHO-5 measure of well-being, as well as measures of suicidality were examined in relation to the PSSQ. A self-selected sub-sample (N = 30) completed the PSSQ after an interval of two months. In line with the stigma internalization model, when demographic variables and suicidality were accounted for, the PSSQ self-blame subscale was the most significant predictor of self-esteem. As for well-being, the rejection subscale was involved as well as self-blame. The retest stability of the PSSQ for the sub-sample was 0.85 and coefficient alpha for the total sample was 0.95, indicating both good stability and internal consistency for the scale. In the second study (N = 140), PSSQ was studied in relation to intention to seek help from four sources in the case of suicidal ideation. The strongest relationship with PSSQ was with intention not to seek help from anyone (r = 0.35). When other variables were included in the prediction of help-seeking from a general medical practitioner, family or friends, or from nobody, the only significant PSSQ correlate was minimization. For help-seeking from a psychologist or psychiatrist, the most significant predictor was judged helpfulness of prior contact with them. The results from these studies strengthen previous findings of the construct validity of the PSSQ and point to its utility in understanding barriers to help-seeking among those experiencing suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brant R. Maclean
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia
| | - Tahni Forrester
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia
| | - Jacinta Hawgood
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia
| | - John O’Gorman
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia
| | - Jurgita Rimkeviciene
- Suicide Research Centre, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, LT-03100 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Samuels S, Dale SK. Self-esteem, adverse life events, and mental health diagnoses among Black women living with HIV. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2023; 28:170-181. [PMID: 35200044 PMCID: PMC10097460 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2022.2035690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Black women in the U.S. are disproportionately impacted by HIV and adverse life events (ALE). High self-esteem has been noted as a protective factor and low self-esteem has been linked to mental health diagnoses. However, the existing literature is limited in the examination of how self-esteem may buffer relationships between ALE and mental health diagnoses among Black women living with HIV (BWLWH). METHODS One hundred and nineteen BWLWH completed self-report measures on self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) and ALE (Life Events Checklist for DSM-5) (e.g. sexual assault, physical assault, accidents, natural disaster) as well as a clinical interview (via Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Inventory) to diagnose current depression, PTSD, and suicidality. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regressions indicated that higher self-esteem was associated with lower likelihood of current depression (OR = .894, p < .01), PTSD (OR = .838, p < .001) and suicidality (OR = .889, p < .05). Interactions between self-esteem and total ALE significantly predicted current depression (OR = .000003, p < .05) and PTSD (OR = 2.7182 × 10-9, p < .001); and higher total ALE related to higher likelihood of current PTSD only among BWLWH reporting lower self-esteem (OR = 1.21, p < .05). CONCLUSION Interventions addressing mental health diagnoses among BWLWH should incorporate strategies to enhance self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherene Samuels
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sannisha K Dale
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Ingram M, Thorne E, Letourneau EJ, Nestadt PS. Self-Esteem, Perceived Social Support, and Suicidal Ideation and Behavior Among Adults Attracted to Children. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228221150304. [PMID: 36630479 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221150304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: People who are attracted to children may be at elevated risk for suicidal ideation and behavior compared to the general population. However, factors associated with suicidal ideation and behavior in this population represent a gap in the literature.Methods: The current study used multilinear regression to explore the impact of self-esteem and perceived social support on suicidal ideation and behavior in a sample of 154 adults attracted to children. Mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the role of lifetime major depressive disorder and hopelessness in these relationships.Results: Results showed high prevalence of past-year and lifetime suicidal ideation and behavior in the sample. Both self-esteem and perceived social support demonstrated significant, inverse relationships with suicidal ideation and behavior after adjustment for covariates. Mediation analyses provided support for the role of hopelessness, but not depression, in these relationships.Conclusion: Results demonstrate high rates of suicidal ideation and behavior among adults attracted to children and highlight important opportunities for prevention and intervention. Improving self-esteem, bolstering perceived social support, reducing hopelessness, and removing barriers to help-seeking may be targets for improving mental health and preventing suicidal ideation and behavior in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Ingram
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Evelyn Thorne
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Letourneau
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul S Nestadt
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Su MH, Liao SC, Chen HC, Lu ML, Chen WY, Hsiao PC, Chen CH, Huang MC, Kuo PH. The association of personality polygenic risk score, psychosocial protective factors and suicide attempt in mood disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:422-428. [PMID: 36323145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Some personality traits, especially neuroticism, has been found to be associated with suicide attempt (SA) in mood disorder patients. The present study explored the association between personality traits and SA using polygenic risk scores (PRS) for personality among patients with mood disorders. We also investigated the effects of a variety of psychosocial variables on SA. Patients with bipolar disorder (BPD, N = 841) and major depressive disorder (MDD, N = 710) were recruited from hospitals in Taiwan. Lifetime SA and information on psychosocial factors was collected. We calculated the PRS of neuroticism and extraversion. A trend test for SA was performed across quartiles of the PRS for neuroticism and extraversion, and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between psychosocial factors and SA, accounting for the PRS of personality traits. The prevalence of SA was higher in MDD than in BPD patients. The risk of SA was elevated in MDD patients with a higher quintile of PRS in neuroticism and a lower quintile of PRS in extraversion. The multiple regression analysis results demonstrated that later age of onset, higher family support and resilience, and lower overall social support were protective factors against SA. From the perspective of suicide prevention efforts, strengthening family support and conducting resilience training for patients with mood disorders may be beneficial interventions in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hsin Su
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shih-Cheng Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University BioMedical Park Hospital, Zhubei City, Hsinchu County, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry & Center of Sleep Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Songde branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Hsiao
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Songde branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
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Su Y, Sun W, Gan Y, Zhu Q, Liu G, Hui L, Tang H, Liu Z. Mindfulness mediates the relationship between positive parenting and aggression, depression, and suicidal ideation: A longitudinal study in middle school students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1007983. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1007983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has indicated that parenting factors affect the risk of maladaptive psychological outcomes (e.g., aggression, depression, or suicidal ideation), and that positive parenting is a prospective risk factor for maladaptive psychological outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationships between positive parenting, mindfulness, and maladaptive psychological outcomes remain unknown, as do the processes that mediate the effect of positive parenting on maladaptive psychological outcomes in adolescents. The objective of the present study was to investigate the longitudinal relationship between positive parenting, mindfulness, and maladaptive psychological outcomes in middle school students, as well as the mediating effect of mindfulness in the relationships between positive parenting and depression, aggression, and suicidal ideation. In this study, 386 middle school children (aged 12–16) were tested three times over a period of 6 months. Positive parenting was assessed at Time 1, mindfulness at Time 2, and depression, aggression, and suicidal ideation at Time 3. Using structural equation modeling, positive parenting was revealed to be longitudinally associated with mindfulness and negatively associated with maladaptive psychological outcomes. More crucially, mindfulness mediated the relationship between positive parenting and maladaptive psychological outcomes. This research provides important insights into how to effectively decrease adolescent maladaptive psychological outcomes and highlights the importance of teaching mindfulness to youths.
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12
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Zhao L, Chang S, Tang H. An Analysis of the Structural Relationships Among Parental Attachment, Basic Psychological Needs, Career Identity and Depression of Chinese College Students in Korea. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1721-1730. [PMID: 35855766 PMCID: PMC9288217 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s357837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Research in the acculturation domain has noted the influence of parental attachment on depression among overseas students. However, an almost negligible effort has been made to investigate how it happens. This study aims to explore the relationship between parental attachment, basic psychological needs, career identity and depression of Chinese overseas students, while focusing on the mechanisms underlying such relationship. Methods A total of 335 Chinese overseas students were asked to fill out a questionnaire, and the data of these samples were utilized to test the moderated mediation hypotheses through SPSS and AMOS. Results The results indicate that parental attachment of Chinese overseas students has a negative effect on depression, while basic psychological needs play a part in mediating between parental attachment and depression. In addition, career identity moderates the mediating effect of basic psychological needs between parental attachment and depression. Conclusion To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study has been one of the first attempts to reveal the influence mechanism of basic psychological needs and career identity on the relationship between parental attachment and depression of Chinese overseas students. It is expected that the preliminary findings of this study will encourage more research on the psychological mechanisms of Chinese overseas students, so as to provide a more comprehensive picture of the interaction between parental attachment and depression of overseas students studying in different countries with various backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Seokjin Chang
- Department of Education, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Psychology, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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13
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Dat NT, Mitsui N, Asakura S, Takanobu K, Fujii Y, Toyoshima K, Kako Y, Kusumi I. The Effectiveness of Self-Esteem-Related Interventions in Reducing Suicidal Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:925423. [PMID: 35782451 PMCID: PMC9240430 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.925423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Suicide is a serious social issue and is often treated using psychological interventions. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effectiveness of self-esteem-related interventions on suicidal behaviors. A systematic literature search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including a self-esteem component was conducted on 29 May 2021 and updated on 4 April 2022. In total, 12 studies were included in the systematic review and five studies were included in the meta-analysis. Small effect sizes were found for suicidal ideation at post intervention [g = -0.24, 95% CI (-0.48, 0.00)] and a 3-month follow-up [g = -0.36, 95% CI (-0.62, -0.11)]. However, these results should be interpreted cautiously due to the limited number of included studies and varied sample population. In conclusion, the current review suggests that future intervention studies should incorporate self-esteem enhancement in the treatment of suicidal behaviors, especially for suicidal ideation. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=250882.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tan Dat
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mitsui
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asakura
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,The Department of Psychiatry, Health Care Center of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takanobu
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujii
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,The Department of Psychiatry, Health Care Center of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Toyoshima
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kako
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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14
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Standley CJ. Expanding our paradigms: Intersectional and socioecological approaches to suicide prevention. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 46:224-232. [PMID: 32048555 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1725934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing research on suicide, we continue to see rising rates, particularly among youth. In answering recent calls for critical suicidology and transdisciplinary approaches to research, I discuss expanding beyond the paradigmatic confines of suicidology by proposing two related approaches to improve our science: intersectionality theory and socioecological theory. Following a discussion of social identity and its relation to suicide risk, I review the literature on these topics and highlight importance of paying attention to the unique experiences of youth through the study of intersectionality and using socioecological models in our research moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin J Standley
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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15
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Prevalence of Suicidal Behavior and Associated Clinical Correlates in Patients with Behavioral Addictions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111085. [PMID: 34769603 PMCID: PMC8583661 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Addictive disorders are characterized by severe consequences, including suicidal events, but most studies investigating the association between addiction and suicidal risk have focused on substance use disorders and gambling disorder at the expense of the rest of behavioral addictions. This study examined the prevalence and the associated clinical correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a sample of patients with a diagnosis of behavioral addiction. The total sample consisted of 4404 individuals: 4103 of these patients with gambling disorder, 99 with gaming disorder, 44 with sex addiction, and 158 with buying–shopping disorder. All of them were assessed consecutively at a specialized hospital unit for the treatment of behavioral addictions. Participants attended two clinical interviews and completed self-reported questionnaires to explore clinical features of behavioral addictions, personality traits, psychopathological symptomatology, suicidal behavior, and sociodemographic variables. The highest prevalence of suicidal ideation was found in patients with gambling disorder (22.9%), followed by buying–shopping disorder (18.4%), sex addiction (18.2%), and gaming disorder (6.1%). The highest prevalence of suicide attempts was registered for sex addiction (9.1%), followed by buying–shopping disorder (7.6%), gambling disorder (6.7%), and gaming disorder (3.0%). Female gender and unemployment constituted two relevant sociodemographic factors associated with suicidal risk in gambling disorder, gaming disorder, and buying–shopping disorder. Lack of family support appeared as a relevant risk factor, except for gaming disorder. These results pointed out that suicide is a prevalent behavior in behavioral addictions, and clinicians and researchers need to pay particular attention to the specificities of each behavioral addiction when assessing suicidal risk.
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16
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Chandrasiri A, Fernando M, Dayabandara M, Reavley NJ. Cultural adaptation of the mental health first aid guidelines for assisting a person at risk of suicide for Sri Lanka: a Delphi expert consensus study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:466. [PMID: 34560861 PMCID: PMC8464144 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 3000 people die by suicide each year in Sri Lanka. As family and friends may play a role in supporting a person at risk of suicide to get appropriate help, there is a need for evidence-based resources to assist with this. The aim of this study was to culturally adapt the existing English-language mental health first aid guidelines for helping a person at risk of suicide to the Sri Lankan context. METHODS A Delphi expert consensus study was conducted, involving mental health professionals and consumers (people with lived experience) and caregivers, who were identified by purposive and snowball sampling methods. Participants were recruited from a wide variety of professional roles and districts of Sri Lanka in order to maximize diversity of opinion. The original questionnaire was translated into Sinhala and participants were requested to rate each item according to the importance of inclusion in the guidelines. RESULTS Data were collected over two survey rounds. Altogether, 148 people participated in the study (130 health professionals and 18 consumers). A total of 165 items were included in the final guidelines, with 153 adopted from the guidelines for English-speaking countries and 12 generated from the comments of panellists. CONCLUSIONS The adapted guidelines were similar to the English-language guidelines. However, new items relating to the involvement of family members were included and some items were omitted because they were not considered appropriate to the Sri Lankan context (particularly those relating to explicit mention of suicide). Further research is warranted to explore the use of these guidelines by the Sri Lankan public, including how they may be incorporated in Mental Health First Aid training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amila Chandrasiri
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia ,grid.466905.8Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Madhawee Fernando
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Madhubhashinee Dayabandara
- grid.8065.b0000000121828067Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Nicola J. Reavley
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
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17
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Wasserman D, Carli V, Iosue M, Javed A, Herrman H. Suicide prevention in childhood and adolescence: a narrative review of current knowledge on risk and protective factors and effectiveness of interventions. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2021; 13:e12452. [PMID: 33646646 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide is a global mental health problem for people of all ages. While rates of suicide in children and adolescents are reported as lower than those in older populations worldwide, they represent the third leading cause of death in 15-19-year-olds. The rates are higher among boys than girls worldwide, though the death rates for girls exceed those for boys in Bangladesh, China, India, and Nepal. There has been a general decrease in adolescent suicide rates over recent decades. However, increases are reported in South East Asia as well as South America over the same time period. METHODS A narrative review method has been used to summarize current knowledge about risk and protective factors for suicide among children and adolescents and to discuss evidence-based strategy for suicide prevention in this age group. RESULTS Identified suicide risk and protective factors for children and adolescents largely overlap with those for adults. Nevertheless, developmental characteristics may strengthen the impact of some factors, such as decision-making style, coping strategies, family and peer relationships, and victimization. The implementation of evidence-based suicide preventive strategies is needed. Restricting access to lethal means, school-based awareness and skill training programs, and interventions delivered in clinical and community settings have been proven effective. The effectiveness of gatekeeper training and screening programs in reducing suicidal ideation and behavior is unproven but widely examined in selected settings. DISCUSSION Since most studies have been conducted in western countries, future research should assess the effectiveness of these promising strategies in different cultural contexts. The use of more rigorous study designs, the use of both short- and long-term follow-up evaluations, the larger inclusion of individuals belonging to vulnerable groups, the evaluation of online intervention, and the analysis of programs' cost-effectiveness are also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Wasserman
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Section on Suicidology, World Psychiatric Association (WPA), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Carli
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Section on Suicidology, World Psychiatric Association (WPA), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Iosue
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Section on Suicidology, World Psychiatric Association (WPA), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Afzal Javed
- Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Helen Herrman
- Orygen and Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Standley CJ, Foster-Fishman P. Intersectionality, social support, and youth suicidality: A socioecological approach to prevention. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2021; 51:203-211. [PMID: 33876493 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationship between social support and suicidality among youth from a public health perspective by using (1) a socioecological framework and (2) an intersectional approach to social identity. METHODS Secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data (N = 5058) involved means comparisons and a series of standard and hierarchical regression analyses. RESULTS Youth with intersecting marginalized identities (i.e., females and racial and sexual minority youth) were significantly more likely to report higher suicidality scores. Social support at the family, school, and community levels was significantly associated with lower suicidality scores, and the combination of family and school support was associated with the lowest suicidality scores. Finally, family support significantly reduced the relationship between intersecting marginalized identities and suicidality. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of protective factors in every context in which youth live, learn, and play. Measuring and reporting social identities as well as their intersections add to our understanding of both risk and prevention.
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19
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Moller CI, Cotton SM, Badcock PB, Hetrick SE, Berk M, Dean OM, Chanen AM, Davey CG. Relationships Between Different Dimensions of Social Support and Suicidal Ideation in Young People with Major Depressive Disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:714-720. [PMID: 33234284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation (SI) is a common feature of depression and is closely associated with suicidal behaviour. Social support is implicated as an important determinant of suicide, but it is unclear how different social support dimensions influence SI in young people with depression. This study examines relationships between social support dimensions and SI in young people with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS 283 Australians aged 15-25, diagnosed with MDD, were recruited from two clinical trials conducted in youth-specific outpatient mental health services. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) was used to evaluate perceived support from Family, Friends, and a Significant Other. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ). Hierarchical regression was used to explore associations between social support and SI, controlling for demographics and depression severity. RESULTS A hierarchical regression model predicted 9% of the variability in SI, with depression severity being the most significant predictor. Family Support was inversely related to SI and uniquely contributed 2% of the variance; β = -0.15 (95% CI -0.27 - -0.02) p < .05. Demographics and support from Friends or a Significant Other were not significantly associated with SI. LIMITATIONS Findings are correlational; it cannot be determined that increasing family support would decrease SI severity. CONCLUSION Perceived Family Support was negatively associated with SI in young people with MDD. This suggests that family members might play important roles in suicide prevention efforts. More work is needed exploring ways to empower families to develop adaptive family functioning and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl I Moller
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sue M Cotton
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul B Badcock
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah E Hetrick
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew M Chanen
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Doi S, Isumi A, Fujiwara T. Association Between Serum Lipid Levels, Resilience, and Self-Esteem in Japanese Adolescents: Results From A-CHILD Study. Front Psychol 2021; 11:587164. [PMID: 33510670 PMCID: PMC7835131 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.587164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found that serum lipid levels independently associate with mental health problems in adulthood. However, little is known about the association between serum lipid levels and positive aspects of mental health such as resilience and self-esteem, which develop in adolescence. The aim of this study is to examine the association between serum lipid levels and resilience and self-esteem in Japanese adolescents. Data were pooled data from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study in 2016 and 2018, a school-based, cross-sectional study in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan (N = 1,056, aged 13–14 years). Resilience of the child was assessed by caregivers, and self-esteem was self-identified via questionnaires. Serum lipid levels [total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL)] were assessed in school health checkup, in addition to height and weight measurements. Multiple linear regression was applied to investigate the association between standardized serum lipid levels and resilience and self-esteem. LDL showed inverse association with resilience [β = −1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −2.39 to −0.14] after adjusting for child’s BMI, month of birth, sex, absence of parent, household income, caregiver’s mental health, and lifestyle (e.g., habits of eating, physical activity, and sleep). We also found an inverse association of total cholesterol and higher LDL cholesterol with self-esteem (β = −0.58, 95% CI = −0.99 to −0.18; β = −0.42, 95% CI = −0.83 to −0.01, respectively). HDL cholesterol was not associated with resilience and self-esteem. Among Japanese adolescent, total and LDL cholesterol may be biomarkers of resilience and self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Doi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Slesnick N, Zhang J, Walsh L. Youth Experiencing Homelessness with Suicidal Ideation: Understanding Risk Associated with Peer and Family Social Networks. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:128-135. [PMID: 32303933 PMCID: PMC7572482 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is the leading cause of death among youth experiencing homelessness, and these youth report high rates of suicide attempts. Research suggests that the interpersonal factors of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness are proximal causes of suicide, but little is known about factors associated with these risks. The current study examined the relationship of social network characteristics, perceived social network support, and interpersonal risks for suicide among a sample of 150 youth experiencing homelessness who reported severe suicide ideation. Findings indicate that characteristics of the social network, including engagement in crime and alcohol use, interrupted the potentially protective effects of high perceived social network support for interpersonal risk factors of suicide. Findings imply that increasing perceived social network support as a protection against suicide will not be uniformly successful, and consideration of the social network characteristics is necessary. Future work needs to continue to uncover the complexity of modifiable intervention targets to prevent future suicide attempts among this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Slesnick
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Ave, 135 Campbell Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Kent State University, Kent, USA
| | - Laura Walsh
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Ave, 135 Campbell Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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22
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Deng Y, Li X, Liu L, Chui WH. Suicide Attempts and Perceived Social Support among Chinese Drug Users: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Depression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010208. [PMID: 33396608 PMCID: PMC7796389 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal behavior is a severe problem among drug users. This study examines influential factors related to suicide attempts and analyzes possible mediators of the relationship between perceived social support and suicide attempts amongst Chinese drug users under compulsory institutional drug treatment. Taking perceived social support as the independent variable, we found that the relationship between suicide attempts and perceived social support is mediated by self-esteem as a protective factor and depression as a risk factor. Path analysis shows that self-esteem contributes relatively more to the indirect effects than depression does, accounting for 31.1% and 24.2% of the total effect, respectively. Generally speaking, the findings of this study point to an urgent need for addressing suicide attempts among Chinese drug users while treating self-esteem as the protective factor that deserves as substantial attention as depression receives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Deng
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Xuemeng Li
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Liu Liu
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-896-809-58 (ext. 409)
| | - Wing Hong Chui
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
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23
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Harris K, Haddock G, Peters S, Gooding P. Psychological resilience to suicidal thoughts and behaviours in people with schizophrenia diagnoses : A systematic literature review. Psychol Psychother 2020; 93:777-809. [PMID: 31625283 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicide deaths are a major concern in people with schizophrenia diagnoses. However, many people with such diagnoses do not attempt suicide, nor die by suicide, suggesting that some individuals are resilient to the impact of suicide triggers. This systematic literature review aimed to (1) appraise the evidence for psychological factors which confer resilience to suicidal thoughts and behaviours, and (2) categorize these psychological factors into broader psychological constructs which characterize resilience. METHODS The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines for the reporting of systematic reviews. A literature search of four electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE) was conducted. A quality evaluation of the included studies was carried out by two independent researchers using a quality assessment tool. RESULTS Psychological factors from 27 studies were categorized into four constructs: (1) perceived social support, (2) holding religious and spiritual beliefs, (3) identifying reasons for living, and (4) perceived positive personal skills and attributes. CONCLUSIONS The limited literature showed that resilience is important in understanding suicidal thoughts and behaviours in people with schizophrenia diagnoses. There is a need for prospective research that investigates moderating effects of psychological resilience in the pathways to suicidal thoughts and behaviours in people with schizophrenia diagnoses. PRACTITIONER POINTS Novel evidence for four psychological constructs which may confer resilience to suicidal thoughts and behaviours in people with schizophrenia diagnoses. Strong evidence for the impact of perceived social support and appraisals of personal skills and attributes on the severity of suicidal experiences in people with schizophrenia diagnoses. There was equivocal evidence for the effect of holding religious and spiritual beliefs on suicide attempts. Clinical practice would benefit from assessing perceived personal attributes and levels of social support from significant others and health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamelia Harris
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), UK
| | - Gillian Haddock
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Sarah Peters
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), UK.,Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Patricia Gooding
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), UK
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Erdvik IB, Haugen T, Ivarsson A, Säfvenbom R. The Temporal Relations of Adolescents' Basic Need Satisfaction in Physical Education and Global Self-Worth. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 42:480-489. [PMID: 33186899 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2019-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the temporal relations of adolescents' basic need satisfaction in physical education (PE) and global self-worth in a sample of 3,398 lower and upper secondary school students (49% boys, 51% girls, average age T1 = 15.00, SD = 1.79). Four models and competing hypotheses were tested, and the model with bidirectional paths specified showed the best fit to the data. The bidirectional effect estimates suggest not only that basic need satisfaction in PE predicts global self-worth development but also that adolescents' perceptions of global self-worth predict the degree to which they experience basic need satisfaction in PE. Findings could suggest that students with low global self-worth are less sensitive to basic need support in PE. These students may need personally tailored need-supportive initiatives in order to develop basic need satisfaction in PE and, thus, global self-worth through PE.
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Islam MJ, Broidy L, Mazerolle P, Baird K, Mazumder N, Zobair KM. Do Maternal Depression and Self-Esteem Moderate and Mediate the Association Between Intimate Partner Violence After Childbirth and Postpartum Suicidal Ideation? Arch Suicide Res 2020; 24:609-632. [PMID: 31462186 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2019.1655507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) during the perinatal period is believed to have an adverse effect on maternal mental health. Given the risks of suicide and related public health concerns, the aim of this study is to examine (1) the association of experiencing physical, psychological, and sexual IPV after childbirth on postpartum suicidal ideation (SI), and (2) whether postpartum depression and self-esteem act to mediate or moderate the relationship between IPV and postpartum SI. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2015 to January 2016 in the Chandpur District of Bangladesh among 426 new mothers, aged 15 to 49 years, who were in the first 6 months postpartum. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between experiencing IPV and postpartum SI, controlling for a range of other known influences. The prevalence of postpartum SI was 30.8%. Accounting the influence of other confounders, the odds of postpartum SI were significantly higher among women who reported physical IPV victimization (adjusted odds ratio: 2.65; 95% confidence interval = 1.36, 5.18) at any point during the first 6 months following childbirth as opposed to those who did not. In addition, postpartum depression increased postpartum SI, while high self-esteem significantly reduced reports of SI. Both postpartum depression and maternal self-esteem notably mediate and moderate the effect of physical IPV after childbirth on postpartum SI. The findings illuminate that IPV victimization after childbirth significantly increases the odds of postpartum SI. This study reinforces the need to detect women with a history of IPV who may be at risk for SI, not only to offer them help and support but also to prevent or reduce SI.
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Wang S, Ni Y, Gong R, Shi Y, Cai Y, Ma J. Psychosocial Syndemic of suicidal ideation: a cross-sectional study among sexually transmitted infection patients in Shanghai, China. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1314. [PMID: 32867729 PMCID: PMC7457481 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) experience difficulties with stability and trust in long-term relationships and have poor mental health, factors that may lead to suicidal ideation. We sought to verify whether psychosocial health problems among patients with STIs were associated with these patients' suicidal ideation and to examine the syndemic effect of multiple psychosocial problems on suicidal ideation. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 519 STI patients at the Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital. Demographic, psychosocial, and suicidal ideation information about the participants was collected by questionnaire. Logistic regressions were performed to detect the association between demographic variables and suicidal ideation, as well as each individual psychosocial variable and suicidal ideation, and to verify the syndemic effect of psychosocial factors. RESULTS Of the participants, 25.0% (130/519) reported having suicidal ideation. In univariable analysis, low self-esteem, loneliness, depression, entrapment, defeat, and unsatisfied interpersonal needs were associated with suicidal ideation. Multivariable analysis found depression (odds ratio [OR]: 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3-7.2) and entrapment (OR: 2.1; 95%CI: 1.1-4.1) each had a more significant relation with suicidal ideation than the other psychosocial problems examined. STI patients who experienced two or more psychosocial health problems had approximately fourfold odds of suicide ideation (adjusted OR [AOR]: 4.2; 95%CI: 2.6-6.8) compared with those in the non-syndemic group, especially in the high-level (five or more psychosocial problems) group (AOR: 7.0; 95%CI: 3.9-12.5). CONCLUSIONS The study found the participants had a high rate of suicidal ideation and suffered from severe psychosocial problems. These results show a syndemic effect of psychosocial problems on increasing the odds of suicidal ideation. Our findings suggest an urgent need for efforts to prevent suicidal ideation among STI patients toward improving the social and health conditions of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yang Ni
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Ruijie Gong
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai Xuhui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 50 Yongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jin Ma
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Banstola RS, Ogino T, Inoue S. Impact of Parents' Knowledge about the Development of Self-Esteem in Adolescents and Their Parenting Practice on the Self-Esteem and Suicidal Behavior of Urban High School Students in Nepal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176039. [PMID: 32825158 PMCID: PMC7504235 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Suicide is the third leading cause of death in adolescents worldwide, self-esteem is a strong protective factor, and parents may be able to provide interventions. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine how parents can help enhance their adolescent’s self-esteem and prevent suicidal behavior among adolescents in Nepal. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to adolescents aged 13–19 years and their parents at eight high schools in three provinces in Nepal (n = 575 pairs). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (bivariate and multivariate regression analyses). Results: The mean self-esteem score of adolescents according to the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was 16.59, and the prevalence of suicidal behavior was 11.3%. Parent’s knowledge about the development of self-esteem in adolescents was significantly positively related to parenting practice (communication, support, positive reinforcement, etc.) (B = 1.0, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.89–1.11) and authoritative parenting style (B = 0.2, 95% CI 0.15–0.25). Parental authoritativeness was positively associated with the self-esteem of their adolescents (B = 0.1, 95% CI 0.01–0.18), while adolescents with authoritarian parents were prone to suicidal risk behavior (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.19). Conclusion: Counseling to parents based on our findings would be helpful to enhance the self-esteem and prevent suicidal risk behavior in their adolescent children.
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Panesar B, Soni D, Khan MI, Bdair F, Holek M, Tahir T, Woo J, Khumalo N, Thabane L, Samaan Z. National suicide management guidelines with family as an interv'ention and suicide mortality rates: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034694. [PMID: 32690736 PMCID: PMC7375499 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicidal behaviour remains a major public health challenge worldwide. Several countries have developed national suicide guidelines aimed at raising awareness of and preventing deaths by suicide. One of the interventions often mentioned in these national guidelines is the involvement of family members as a protective factor in suicide prevention. However, the level or type of family involvement required to reduce suicidal behaviour is not well understood. Thus, in this systematic review, we seek to determine the effectiveness of family-based interventions as a suicide prevention tool, by comparing suicide mortality rates between countries whose national suicide prevention guidelines include family-based interventions and those whose do not. METHODS AND ANALYSIS MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and WHO MiNDbank databases as well as grey literature such as National Guideline Clearinghouse will be searched. National guidelines for suicide prevention published within the last 20 years (between 1999 and 2019) will be included. Results will be analysed using thematic and qualitative analyses. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The findings of the study will help improve the efficacy of national suicide prevention strategies. Findings will be disseminated using easily accessible summary reports and resources to primary end users. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER This protocol has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019130195).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Divya Soni
- McMaster University Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed I Khan
- Life Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faris Bdair
- Blue Valley Southwest High School, Overland Park, Kansas, USA
| | - Matthew Holek
- Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Talha Tahir
- McMaster University Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Woo
- University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nonhlanhla Khumalo
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and the University of Cape Town, Observatory, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics; Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact, Centre for Evaluation of Medicines; Programs for Assessment of Technology in Health (PATH) Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zainab Samaan
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences; Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Associations of Social and Psychological Resources with Different Facets of Chronic Stress: A Study with Employed and Unemployed Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145032. [PMID: 32668752 PMCID: PMC7400050 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents navigate many psychosocial changes. A critical transition in adolescence is the one from school to work life. Both taking the first steps in work life and the failure to achieve this transition and being unemployed can engender elevated levels of stress during adolescence. Stress, especially when experienced chronically, is an important risk factor for mental health problems. Social and psychological resources may mitigate the experience of chronic stress. This study explored associations of social and family support, self-esteem, and self-efficacy with different dimensions of chronic stress in a sample of 1405 employed and unemployed adolescents (M(age) = 17.84, SD = 1.63, range: 14.05–26.12) in Switzerland. Unemployed adolescents showed higher stress levels overall. Higher levels of social and psychological resources were generally linked to lower stress levels. Social support and self-esteem predicted stress levels most consistently and strongly. On several stress dimensions, the association between higher self-esteem and lower stress levels was more pronounced in employed youth whereas the association between higher social support and lower stress levels was stronger in unemployed youth. Our findings provide insights on the differential associations of social and psychological resources with various facets of chronic stress in the context of employment and unemployment during adolescence.
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Poudel A, Gurung B, Khanal GP. Perceived social support and psychological wellbeing among Nepalese adolescents: the mediating role of self-esteem. BMC Psychol 2020; 8:43. [PMID: 32357919 PMCID: PMC7195718 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-020-00409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is characterized by unique, multiple physical, psychological and social development. Understanding the well-being of adolescents and the factors that contribute to it will help towards clarifying and defining ways to better help adolescents prepare for adult life. Therefore, the present study aims to find out the relationship between Perceived Social Support (PSS) and Psychological Well-Being (PWB) among Nepalese adolescence based on mediating role of Self-esteem (SE). METHODS The study was conducted among 348 adolescents studying in grade 9 and 10 of government secondary level schools of Pokhara Metropolitan city, Nepal. Data were collected through self-administered standard tools-Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). For statistical analysis descriptive statistics, correlation, regression and mediation analyses were used. The statistical significance of mediating effect of the tested model was examined through a path proposed by Baron and Kenny and Bootstrap method. RESULTS Overall, the finding suggests that PSS indirectly affects PWB of adolescents through mediating variable SE. Adolescents who perceive good social support had higher SE, which in turn contributed to their PWB. Furthermore, the study found no significant gender difference for PSS, SE and PWB. Also among various sources of PSS, both boys and girls were more oriented towards family for social support than friends and others. CONCLUSION Adolescents who experience higher social support are likely to have higher SE and are more likely to have better PWB. The findings of the study will be useful to the parents, teachers, counselors, psychologist and researchers to develop strategies to enhance adolescent's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Poudel
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Pokhara Nursing Campus, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Bishnu Gurung
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Pokhara Nursing Campus, Pokhara, Nepal
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Heidari M, Haghdoost A, Khanjani N. Call for new stories: Exploring the etiology of suicide in Iran (Causal layered analysis). Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 33:138. [PMID: 32280644 PMCID: PMC7137879 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.33.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite many studies on suicide, the causation remains ambiguous, and there is a necessity for new all-inclusive methodology. Causal layer analysis (CLA) is a relatively new technique to deeply explore the etiologies of suicide in Iran. Methods: Causal layered analysis (CLA) combines empirical, interpretative, critical, and action research methods in comprehensive hierarchical layers of causality, like an iceberg. Layers begin from the first observable layer called litany to the deeper underneath layers, including systemic, worldview, and metaphor. In the litany layer, the general appearance of suicide in Iran was extracted through published evidence. In the systemic layer, observed quantitative results of litany was interpreted based on the short-term historical facts by conducting 30 semi-structured interviews with experts. In the worldview layer, 40 deep interviews with suicide attempt cases, 10 focus-groups among adolescents, and 20 semi-structured interviews with nurses and experts were conducted. In the myth and metaphor layer, the Persian poetry of the last century was studied and suicide notes and stories were reviewed. Results: Three causal models of CLA 1 (self-burning of women as an objection to the closed society), CLA 2 (duality of parent's addiction- divorce), CLA 3 (suicide as a reaction to the identity crisis) were extracted. Conclusion: Macrohistorical changes such as war, urbanization, and modernity have confronted the new the new generation with distinctive and unexpected realities in life, which are not similar to their dreams and old stories. Suicide is a reaction to this silent inner battle between old metaphors and new realities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Heidari
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Haghdoost
- Social Determinants of Health Research, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Banstola RS, Ogino T, Inoue S. Self-esteem, perceived social support, social capital, and risk-behavior among urban high school adolescents in Nepal. SSM Popul Health 2020; 11:100570. [PMID: 32258358 PMCID: PMC7115101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is not only characterized by a period of exploration and experimentation but also by vulnerability to risk-behaviors (substance-use, suicidal behavior, and sexual behavior) that can have many negative consequences. Given the lack of studies in Nepal and the variable results from international studies on the association of self-esteem, perceived social support (PSS), and social capital (SC) with risk behaviors, this study aimed to assess the role of these factors by specifying different sources of PSS (family, friends, and others) and SC (family, school, and neighbors), and controlling for demographic, socioeconomic-status (SES), family, and school related factors. A total of 943 adolescents (grades 9-11) in 8 schools from 3 provinces in Nepal participated in the study, and were selected by multi-stage, cluster, random sampling. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire (response rate; 91.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis (<0.05 significance) revealed that family SC (OR = 0.83) and PSS from family (OR = 0.95) were negatively associated with substance-use. Self-esteem (OR = 0.90), family and school SC (OR = 0.80 and 0.91, respectively), and PSS from family and friends (OR = 0.95 and 0.96, respectively) were protective against suicidal risk. None of the independent variables showed a preventive association with sexual behavior, but self-esteem was positively associated (OR = 1.11). Therefore, to improve the likelihood of adolescents becoming healthy adults, family and school level interventions to enhance self-esteem, PSS, and SC are helpful in protecting them against substance use and suicidal behavior. On the other hand, adolescents with high self-esteem are at greater risk for inappropriate sexual behavior and should therefore be monitored.
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Cherian AV, Lukose A, Rappai R, Vijaya Sagar KJ, Armstrong G. Adolescent suicide in India: Significance of public health prevention plan. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 49:101993. [PMID: 32203728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anish V Cherian
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ammu Lukose
- Center for Community Mental Health (CCMH), Mangalore, India
| | - Rija Rappai
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Gregory Armstrong
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Lee Y, Lee D, Hong HJ. Gender-based Multilevel Analysis of Influential Factors for Suicide Attempts among At-risk Non-referred Adolescents in Korea. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 18:116-126. [PMID: 31958912 PMCID: PMC7006976 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2020.18.1.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective Effective suicide prevention for at-risk adolescents requires increased access to medical treatment. Investigating the unique characteristics of suicide in this vulnerable at-risk non-referred sample can contribute to establishing effective suicide prevention policies. This study aimed to (a) examine at-risk non-referred adolescents’ suicide attempt rate, (b) investigate influential multilevel factors in predicting these adolescents’ suicide attempts, and (c) compare the results of (a) and (b) by gender. Methods A total of 401 samples (216 boys and 185 girls) were recruited through a school-based mental health project for at-risk adolescents. Multivariate hierarchical logistic regression analyses were performed at the individual-, contextual-, and protective levels to evaluate three multilevel models as well as to investigate predictabilities for the overall group and by gender. Results The suicide attempt rate of the overall sample was 29.4% (boys: 18.1%, girls: 42.7%), which was significantly higher than that of community samples. For boys, individual-level predictors (depression and conduct problems) had the most significant contribution in predicting suicide attempts. In contrast, for girls, protective-level predictors (family satisfaction) contributed the most to the prediction of suicide attempts, followed by contextual-level predictors (academic grades). Conclusion This study is an important step in understanding the unique characteristics of at-risk non-referred adolescents who have not yet been considered in mental health policies. Improving medical accessibility will be the first step in establishing effective suicide prevention policies for these vulnerable samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Lee
- Hallym University Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Korea
| | - Dayoung Lee
- Hallym University Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Hong
- Hallym University Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
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Carballeira Abella M, Marrero Carreira B, Abrante Rodríguez D. Inteligencia emocional y ajuste psicológico en estudiantes: nivel académico y rama de estudios. UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy18-4.ieap] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
El objetivo principal de este estudio ha sido analizar la inteligencia emocional (IE) de 147 estudiantes adultos de distintos niveles educativos. Se realizaron correlaciones de las tres escalas de IE ―percepción, comprensión y regulación emocional― con variables de personalidad, autoestima, apoyo social y sintomatología general. La regulación emocional fue la escala de IE con mayor número de relaciones, fundamentalmente con responsabilidad, apertura a la experiencia, extraversión, autoestima y apoyo social. No se encontraron diferencias en las puntuaciones de IE entre los tres niveles académicos ―formación profesional, grado universitario y máster universitario―. El contraste entre estudiantes con puntuaciones extremas en cada una de las tres escalas de IE, mostró patrones diferenciales en características sociodemográficas, autoestima, apoyo social y sintomatología general. Además, se llevó a cabo un contraste en las escalas de IE, autoestima y apoyo social de aquellos participantes de la muestra original de las ramas de Ciencias Sociales y Ciencias de la Salud, frente a una muestra de estudiantes de Ingeniería Informática. Estos mostraron menor apoyo social y percepción emocional. Los presentes hallazgos aportan información complementaria a los estudios realizados al respecto, con el fin de implementar intervenciones psicológicas dirigidas a promover la inteligencia emocional entre estudiantes de diferentes niveles académicos.
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Perceived social support and suicide ideation in Chinese rural left-behind children: A possible mediating role of depression. J Affect Disord 2020; 261:198-203. [PMID: 31634679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychologically distressed rural Chinese left-behind children (LBC) are at an increased risk of suicide. However, within this population, suicide and potential associated factors are severely under-discussed. This study primarily aims to explore the association between perceived social support and suicide ideation (SI), and to discuss the possible mediating role of depression in this association. METHOD A population representative sampling survey was carried out with 2,898 LBC in southwest China. Relevant information was collected by means of face-to-face interviews. Binary and ordinal logistic regression models were employed to screen factors associated with perceived social support, depression and SI. Path analysis was applied to estimate the direct and indirect associations between social support and SI. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that, among the four sources, perceived social support from relatives living together, friends, and parents, but not teachers, was inversely associated with SI in LBC. Moreover, depression and SI were strongly associated with each other: Compared with non-depressed LBC, depressed LBC were 6.76 (95%CI: 3.85, 11.87) times more likely to report prominent SI. Path analysis revealed that it is possible that the association between perceived social support and SI was almost entirely mediated by depression. CONCLUSIONS Perceived social support from relatives living together, friends, and parents may be a protective factor against SI among rural Chinese LBC. Intervention strategies and measures that are targeted towards improving social support, especially cultivating closeness between LBC and their grandparents, could be effective in reducing SI in LBC.
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Sun R, Ren Y, Li X, Jiang Y, Liu S, You J. Self-compassion and family cohesion moderate the association between suicide ideation and suicide attempts in Chinese adolescents. J Adolesc 2020; 79:103-111. [PMID: 31927450 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, many studies have examined risks factors that facilitated the transition from suicide ideation to suicide attempts. Few studies, however, have examined protective factors against this transition. The current study thus assessed two protective factors, self-compassion and family cohesion, in buffering the transition from suicide ideation to suicide attempts. METHOD A number of 520 Chinese adolescents (43.46% females, mean age = 12.96 years) completed questionnaires assessing self-compassion, family cohesion, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts two times with a 12-month interval. RESULTS Self-compassion significantly moderated the association between Wave 1 SI and later SA. The positive dimension of self-compassion thwarted the transition from SI and SA, and the negative dimension of self-compassion strengthened the associations. In addition, family cohesion also significantly moderated the transition from SI to SA. CONCLUSION Increasing the levels of self-compassion and family cohesion may be the targets for treating adolescents with suicide ideation to prevent them from attempting suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Sun
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Research Center for Crisis Intervention and Psychological Service of Guangdong Province and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yaxuan Ren
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Research Center for Crisis Intervention and Psychological Service of Guangdong Province and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaoan Li
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Research Center for Crisis Intervention and Psychological Service of Guangdong Province and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Research Center for Crisis Intervention and Psychological Service of Guangdong Province and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Sihan Liu
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Research Center for Crisis Intervention and Psychological Service of Guangdong Province and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Jianing You
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Research Center for Crisis Intervention and Psychological Service of Guangdong Province and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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38
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Lin CC. Self-Esteem and Depression as Mediators of the Effects of Gratitude on Suicidal Ideation Among Taiwanese College Students. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2019; 84:399-413. [PMID: 31847688 DOI: 10.1177/0030222819892358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at examining the roles of self-esteem and depression in the relationship between gratitude and suicidal ideation. A total of 814 Taiwanese college students ranging in age from 18 to 22 years completed measures of gratitude, self-esteem, depression, and suicidal ideation. Structural equation modeling showed partial mediation effects of self-esteem and depression between gratitude and suicidal ideation. Moreover, a multigroup analysis found that males with higher levels of self-esteem could protect themselves from depression more easily than their female counterparts. Implications for future research and limitations of the present findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Che Lin
- Teacher Education Center, National Taipei University of Technology
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Abstract
Suicide is a major medical and social problem. Decades of suicide research have mostly focused on risk factors for suicidal behaviour while overlooking protective factors such as resilience that may help to address this important public health issue. Resilience is the capacity and dynamic process of adaptively overcoming stress and adversity while maintaining normal psychological and physical functioning. Studies conducted over the past 10-15 years suggest that resilience is a protective factor against suicide risk. Resilience is becoming a focus of suicide research and prevention. Building resilience should be a part of universal, selective, and indicated suicide prevention interventions. Promoting resilience may reduce suicide risk in the general population, in groups at elevated suicide risk, and among high-risk individuals. Building resilience in the general population may reduce the incidence of stress-related disorders and, consequently, suicidal behaviour. Improving resilience should be a part of a treatment plan of every psychiatric patient. Mental health professionals will probably have the best success in reducing suicide risk in psychiatric patients if they actively concentrate on increasing stress resilience using both psychosocial and pharmacological interventions. It is critically important to move forward the development of pharmacological and psychological interventions for enhancing resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sher
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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40
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Sukamti N, Keliat BA, Wardani IY. The influence of coping skills training and family health education on self-esteem among adolescents in substance abuse prevention. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2019. [PMID: 31377171 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Substance abuse is one of the most serious problems in Indonesia and is highly prevalent among adolescents. Therefore, psychotherapy is needed in preventing substance abuse for adolescents. This study aims to analyze the influence of coping skills training and family health education on self-esteem in a sample of 87 young people. METHOD The sample was divided into two groups using simple random sampling. ANOVA was used to determine differences between the control group and those receiving coping skills training and family health education. RESULTS Self-esteem improved significantly in the group that received the experimental training (F(1.85)=44.70, p<0.001). Some practical implications can be deduced for psychiatric nurses to implemented coping skill training and family health education as a standard treatment in substance abuse prevention among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita Sukamti
- Faculty of Nursing Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Budi Anna Keliat
- Faculty of Nursing Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Ice Yulia Wardani
- Faculty of Nursing Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
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41
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Zhu X, Tian L, Huebner ES. Trajectories of Suicidal Ideation from Middle Childhood to Early Adolescence: Risk and Protective Factors. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 48:1818-1834. [PMID: 31346925 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal ideation is considered to be the first step on the pathway to suicide. Despite the fact that suicidal ideation is surprisingly prevalent among preadolescent children in China and elsewhere, and despite its possible increase during the transition into adolescence, its developmental patterns and predictors during this period are unclear, thus precluding a meaningful understanding of its determinants and possible trajectories. Thus, this study aimed to identify suicidal ideation trajectories and multisystemic predictors covering the transition from middle childhood to early adolescence. A total of 715 Chinese elementary school students (Mage = 8.95, SD = 0.71; 54.5% was male) participated in assessments at six time points, using six-month assessment intervals. Growth mixture modeling analyses extracted three distinct trajectories of suicidal ideation: "low-stable" (86.4%), "moderate-increasing" (7.1%) and "high-start" (6.5%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that social anxiety and academic anxiety served as risk factors for the adverse developmental trajectories of suicidal ideation; whereas self-esteem, life satisfaction, and academic achievement served as protective factors for the positive developmental trajectory of suicidal ideation. The identification of three subgroups with unique predictors highlights the importance of individual difference considerations in understanding the progression of suicidal ideation in childhood and adolescence and the need for specific programs tailored to the unique characteristics of the relevant trajectories. Furthermore, given that suicidal ideation may start in a proportion of middle childhood youths and continue into adolescence, the middle childhood period should provide an important window of opportunity for large-scale screening and prevention of the escalation of suicidality in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhu
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Tian
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China.
| | - E Scott Huebner
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Primananda M, Keliat BA. Risk and Protective Factors of Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs 2019; 42:179-188. [DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2019.1578439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meulu Primananda
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Budi Anna Keliat
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
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43
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Guil R, Gómez-Molinero R, Merchan-Clavellino A, Gil-Olarte P, Zayas A. Facing Anxiety, Growing Up. Trait Emotional Intelligence as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and University Anxiety. Front Psychol 2019; 10:567. [PMID: 30930824 PMCID: PMC6429289 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study analyzed how trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) mediates the relationship between self-esteem and state anxiety and trait anxiety. The sample was composed of 153 undergraduate students from the University of Cádiz, Spain (71.9% women and 28.1% men). Students completed measures of self-esteem, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and trait EI. Mediation analyses were completed with three trait EI dimensions (EA, emotional attention; EC, emotional clarity; and MR, mood repair) as mediating variables, self-esteem as the independent variable, and state anxiety and trait anxiety as the dependent ones. Our results confirmed that self-esteem scores explained and predicted both, state and trait anxiety values (13% for state and 21% for trait anxiety). This explanatory capacity is increased by 8% when accounting for all trait EI dimensions. Considering state anxiety, the results of the direct effects showed that a decrease in their levels is predicted through the increases in the levels of both, self-esteem and MR. Regarding trait anxiety, the results of the direct effects showed that a decrease in their levels is predicted, in addition to an increment of self-esteem and MR values, by an increase of EC and a decrease of EA. Conversely, indirect effects revealed that higher levels of self-esteem were associated with worse scores in EA and worse MR, which in turn would enhance both state and trait anxiety levels. Moreover, regarding trait anxiety higher levels of self-esteem were associated with worse scores in EA and worse EC, therefore increasing trait anxiety levels. As shown, the negative association found between self-esteem and EA becomes a key element. The effect of self-esteem on EA and the influence that the latter had on EC and MR exerts an indirect mediated effect with the power to invert the influence that self-esteem wields on both types of anxiety. In this sense, the apparent protective role of self-esteem changed, turning into a risk factor that promotes higher anxiety values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Guil
- Instituto de Desarrollo Social y Sostenible (INDESS), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Psychology Department, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rocio Gómez-Molinero
- Instituto de Desarrollo Social y Sostenible (INDESS), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Psychology Department, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ana Merchan-Clavellino
- Instituto de Desarrollo Social y Sostenible (INDESS), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Psychology Department, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Paloma Gil-Olarte
- Instituto de Desarrollo Social y Sostenible (INDESS), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Psychology Department, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Zayas
- Instituto de Desarrollo Social y Sostenible (INDESS), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Psychology Department, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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44
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Observational Application Comparing Problem-Based Learning with the Conventional Teaching Method for Clinical Acupuncture Education. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2102304. [PMID: 31011356 PMCID: PMC6442311 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim Although the problem-based learning (PBL) teaching method was introduced in 1969, its rapid and widespread application in Malaysia started in 1979. This study aimed to evaluate satisfaction with PBL compared to that of conventional learning, using satisfaction surveys and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scores, of students learning clinical acupuncture at the School of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Xiamen University Malaysia. Method The participants of this study (N=36) were registered for a bachelor's degree program in TCM in 2016 and enrolled in the Science of Acupuncture and Moxibustion course beginning in September 2018. The students were randomly allocated into two groups: PBL group and conventional group. A self-administered learning satisfaction survey and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scores were used for data collection. An independent sample t-test was used to compare the results between the two groups. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results The results of the learning satisfaction survey and Rosenberg Self-Esteem scores were significantly better in the PBL group than in the conventional group (p<0.05). Conclusions PBL appears to be more effective for clinical acupuncture education than the conventional teaching method. However, further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms by which PBL excels in clinical acupuncture education, as well as other related TCM fields.
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Surzykiewicz J, Konaszewski K, Wagnild G. Polish Version of the Resilience Scale (RS-14): A Validity and Reliability Study in Three Samples. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2762. [PMID: 30705657 PMCID: PMC6344465 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a need for an instrument which not only can adequately evaluate trait-like resilience, but also can be applied to Polish adolescents and young adults. The purpose of this study was to validate the Resilience Scale RS-14 (Wagnild, 2009a,b). We aimed to examine and assess the psychometric properties of the Polish version in three different samples. The first sample was made up of adolescents aged 13–17 (N = 400).The second sample was made up of a problem group aged 13–18 (N = 656) who had special needs and attended either Probation Centers, Youth Sociotherapy Centers, or Youth Educational Centers. The third sample was made up of students in early adulthood aged 19–27 (N = 1,659). Exploratory and confirmatory factor-analytic methods were employed. CFA demonstrated a good fit of the factor structure in all three samples. The original one-dimensional structure of the RS short form was confirmed. All items loaded (>0.40) onto 1 factor, indicating cohesive structure for a 1-factor model explaining 35.02% of the variance in the whole sample, 34.62% in the young adolescent sample, 31.11% in the problem sample, and 38.51% in the early adulthood sample. Descriptive statistics, reliability (young adolescence α = 0.85, problem sampleα = 0.82 early adulthood α = 0.87) and validity data were calculated; test-retest showed good stability [r(40) = 0.88; p < 0.001]. The validity of the scale RS-14 was applied in two groups (the N = 382 early adulthood aged 19–27, and the N = 120 problem group aged 13–18) and was subsequently evaluated. The RS-14 correlated significantly, as expected, with measures of positive concepts (satisfaction with life). Results showed that resilience was negatively related with indexes of perceived stress and the dimension-of-depression. Findings support the RS-14 to be a valid and useful instrument for assessing resilience in diverse Polish adolescent groups, including those with special needs and those in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Surzykiewicz
- Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany.,Faculty of Education, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Konaszewski
- Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Gail Wagnild
- The Resilience Center, Billings, MT, United States
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46
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Dickter B, Bunge EL, Brown LM, Leykin Y, Soares EE, Van Voorhees B, Marko-Holguin M, Gladstone TRG. Impact of an online depression prevention intervention on suicide risk factors for adolescents and young adults. Mhealth 2019; 5:11. [PMID: 31231666 PMCID: PMC6556694 DOI: 10.21037/mhealth.2019.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent death by suicide is an emergent health crisis in the United States of America. Although many suicide prevention programs have been created to address suicide in this population, rates continue to increase. Online interventions can disseminate treatments world-wide and reach large numbers of users. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of CATCH-IT, an Internet-based depression prevention intervention on risk factors for suicide (i.e., suicidal ideation, hopelessness, low self-esteem and social isolation). METHODS A total of 83 participants aged 14-21 years [mean =17.5; standard deviation (SD) =2.04] consented to take part in the intervention study. RESULTS Results indicated that suicidal ideation decreased from baseline to post-intervention. For those who completed the entire CATCH-IT program, the effect size was moderate (d =0.60, P<0.05). For those who partially completed the program the effect size was small (d =0.22, P<0.05). Interestingly, scales measuring hopelessness and social isolation were not associated with changes in suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide initial evidence that online depression prevention programs could be related to decreased suicidal ideation, and that those who complete the entire program may benefit more than those who complete only a part of CATCH-IT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yan Leykin
- Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Yildiz M, Demirhan E, Gurbuz S. Contextual Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Adolescent Suicide Attempts: A Multilevel Investigation. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 48:802-814. [PMID: 30499039 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multilevel research on whether and how contextual socioeconomic disadvantage affects adolescent suicidal behaviors is scarce. Using data from the first two waves (1994/95 and 1996) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 13,335; 49.63% girls; Mage = 15.02 years), this study examined (1) the association between area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and adolescent suicide attempts over and above individual-level socioeconomic factors, (2) the moderating role of gender, and (3) the mediating roles of contextually relevant stressors and available psychosocial resources. The results revealed that area-level socioeconomic disadvantage increased the risk of attempting suicide even after adjusting for individual-level socioeconomic status, especially for boys. Consistent with the stress process perspective, reports of exposure to violence and lack of safety explain this contextual effect. National suicidal behavior prevention strategies across the U.S. should recognize the strong association with the socioeconomic context, along with individual-level risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Yildiz
- Department of Sociology, Louisiana State University, 126 Stubbs Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Emirhan Demirhan
- Department of Sociology, University of North Texas, 288 Sycamore Hall, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Suheyl Gurbuz
- Department of Sociology, Midwestern State University, 3410 Taft Blvd., Wichita Falls, TX, 76308, USA
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Perceived parental support in childhood and adolescence and suicidal ideation in young adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the i-Share study. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:373. [PMID: 30482174 PMCID: PMC6260717 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation and suicidal risk assessment are major concerns for health professionals. The perception of a low level of parental support is a risk factor for suicidal tendencies among adolescents, but little is known about its long-term impact on the vulnerability to suicidal behavior in young adults. We investigated whether the perceived level of parental support during childhood and adolescence was associated with current suicidal ideation in young adults. METHODS We retrieved data collected in the i-Share study from February 1st, 2013 through January 30, 2017. This cross-sectional study included 10,015 French students, aged 18-24 years that completed an on-line self-reported questionnaire about suicidal ideation in the last 12 months and their perceived parental support in childhood and adolescence. We performed multinomial logistic regressions and sensitivity analyses to assess associations between the degree of perceived parental support and the frequency suicidal thoughts, after adjusting for the main known risk factors of suicidal ideation. We employed multiple imputations to account for missing data. RESULTS The study sample included 7539 female (75.7%) and 2436 male (24.3%) students (mean [SD] age 20.0 [1.8] years). About one in five students reported occasional suicidal thoughts (n = 1775, 17.7%) and 368 students (3.7%) reported frequent suicidal thoughts. The adjusted multinomial logistic regression revealed a significant negative association between perceived parental support and suicidal thoughts. A lack of perceived parental support in childhood and adolescence was associated with > 4-fold elevated risk of occasional (adjusted OR, 4.55; 95% CI: 2.97-6.99) and nearly 9-fold elevated risk of frequent (adjusted OR, 8.58; 95% CI: 4.62-15.96) suicidal thoughts, compared to individuals that perceived extremely strong parental support. This association was strongest among students with no personal history of depression or suicide attempts. CONCLUSIONS Students that perceived low levels of past parental support had a higher risk of suicidal ideation. Past perceived parental support appeared to be a potent marker of suicidal risk in young adults. This marker should be routinely collected in studies on suicidal risk in young adults, and it could be considered an additional screening tool.
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49
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Xu Y, Wang C, Shi M. Identifying Chinese adolescents with a high suicide attempt risk. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:474-480. [PMID: 30195741 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent suicide has become a serious public health problem in China. Since suicide attempts are considered the strongest predictor of suicide completion, it is valuable to identify adolescents with a high suicide attempt risk. This study aimed to develop a decision tree model for the interactive prediction of high suicide attempt risk in Chinese adolescents. A classification tree analysis was conducted in a sample of senior high school students (N = 6,686) based on the CRUISE program. The results indicated that depression, anxiety, social support, gender, self-esteem, family cohesion and adaptability were significant predictors of high suicide attempt risk, and interactions among these predictors constructed a hierarchical decision tree model. The tree model offered a series of reliable rules to identify Chinese adolescents with high suicide attempt risk, for example, adolescents with high depression scores had the highest probability (69.22%) of having a suicide attempt, female adolescents with low social support and low depression scores had the second highest probability (57.58%), and adolescents with low anxiety, low family adaptability, and medium depression scores had the third highest probability (55.77%). These exploratory findings suggested that different screening criteria are needed to detect at-risk Chinese adolescents with different severities of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Xu
- Department of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chihhuan Wang
- Department of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengmeng Shi
- Department of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
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50
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Talseth A, Gilje FL. Responses of persons at risk of suicide: A critical interpretive synthesis. Nurs Open 2018; 5:469-483. [PMID: 30338092 PMCID: PMC6178355 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Several nursing studies focus on suicidal persons; yet, a synthesis of such research is unavailable. The aim of this review was to give an inclusive understanding of responses of persons at risk for suicide that guides clinical nursing practice and research. DESIGN A reflexive and iterative study design was used in this study. METHOD A qualitative content analysis and a systematic review of literature guided the six-phase Critical Interpretive Synthesis . A sample consisting of 24 nursing studies published during 1994-2017 were included in this study. RESULTS Key concepts found were "Disengaged while fraught with affliction"; "Readiness to engage in life"; and "Engaging through caring and confirming humanity." Contextually, there are gaps in global nursing knowledge. Conceptually, three key concepts can guide the nursing practice and give an impetus for the research. Methodologically, the Critical Interpretive Synthesis served as a helpful way to summarize and synthesize a small sample size into an aggregate body of knowledge. An evidenced-based understanding of responses of persons at risk for suicide can guide nurses to ensure safety, promote hopeful recovery, and foster resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne‐Grethe Talseth
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health and Care SciencesUniversity of Tromsø, The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
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