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Li J, Yang M, He D, Luo Z, Li B, Huang X, Wu F, Xie G, Fan C, Sun W, Yu S, Wang L. Genome-wide association study of stem structural characteristics that extracted by a high-throughput phenotypic analysis "LabelmeP rice" in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2080-2095. [PMID: 38860937 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Stem is important for assimilating transport and plant strength; however, less is known about the genetic basis of its structural characteristics. In this study, a high-throughput method, "LabelmeP rice" was developed to generate 14 traits related to stem regions and vascular bundles, which allows the establishment of a stem cross-section phenotype dataset containing anatomical information of 1738 images from hand-cut transections of stems collected from 387 rice germplasm accessions grown over two successive seasons. Then, the phenotypic diversity of the rice accessions was evaluated. Genome-wide association studies identified 94, 83, and 66 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the assayed traits in 2 years and their best linear unbiased estimates, respectively. These SNPs can be integrated into 29 quantitative trait loci (QTL), and 11 of them were common in 2 years, while correlated traits shared 19. In addition, 173 candidate genes were identified, and six located at significant SNPs were repeatedly detected and annotated with a potential function in stem development. By using three introgression lines (chromosome segment substitution lines), four of the 29 QTLs were validated. LOC_Os01g70200, located on the QTL uq1.4, is detected for the area of small vascular bundles (SVB) and the rate of large vascular bundles number to SVB number. Besides, the CRISPR/Cas9 editing approach has elucidated the function of the candidate gene LOC_Os06g46340 in stem development. In conclusion, the results present a time- and cost-effective method that provides convenience for extracting rice stem anatomical traits and the candidate genes/QTL, which would help improve rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mingchong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Dandan He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zixuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaojin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fangxi Wu
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, China
| | - Guosheng Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuchuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sibin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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2
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Yang H, Huang J, Ye Y, Xu Y, Xiao Y, Chen Z, Li X, Ma Y, Lu T, Rao Y. Research Progress on Mechanical Strength of Rice Stalks. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1726. [PMID: 38999566 PMCID: PMC11243543 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most important food crops in the world, rice yield is directly related to national food security. Lodging is one of the most important factors restricting rice production, and the cultivation of rice varieties with lodging resistance is of great significance in rice breeding. The lodging resistance of rice is directly related to the mechanical strength of the stalks. In this paper, we reviewed the cell wall structure, its components, and its genetic regulatory mechanism, which improved the regulatory network of rice stalk mechanical strength. Meanwhile, we analyzed the new progress in genetic breeding and put forward some scientific problems that need to be solved in this field in order to provide theoretical support for the improvement and application of rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yuhan Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ziying Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yuchun Rao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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3
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Wang S, Wang X, Yue L, Li H, Zhu L, Dong Z, Long Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Lignin Synthesis Genes in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6710. [PMID: 38928419 PMCID: PMC11203529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a crucial substance in the formation of the secondary cell wall in plants. It is widely distributed in various plant tissues and plays a significant role in various biological processes. However, the number of copies, characteristics, and expression patterns of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis in maize are not fully understood. In this study, bioinformatic analysis and gene expression analysis were used to discover the lignin synthetic genes, and two representative maize inbred lines were used for stem strength phenotypic analysis and gene identification. Finally, 10 gene families harboring 117 related genes involved in the lignin synthesis pathway were retrieved in the maize genome. These genes have a high number of copies and are typically clustered on chromosomes. By examining the lignin content of stems and the expression patterns of stem-specific genes in two representative maize inbred lines, we identified three potential stem lodging resistance genes and their interactions with transcription factors. This study provides a foundation for further research on the regulation of lignin biosynthesis and maize lodging resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhenying Dong
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (H.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yan Long
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (H.L.); (L.Z.)
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4
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Zhao H, Wang S, Yang R, Yang D, Zhao Y, Kuang J, Chen L, Zhang R, Hu H. Side chain of confined xylan affects cellulose integrity leading to bending stem with reduced mechanical strength in ornamental plants. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 329:121787. [PMID: 38286554 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The stem support for fresh-cut flowers exerts a profound influence on the display of their blossoms. During vase insertion, bending stems significantly affect the ornamental value, but much remains unclear about the underlying reasons. In this study, six pairs of ornamental plants were screened for the contrast of bending and straight stems. The bending stems have weakened mechanical force and biomass recalcitrance compared with the straight ones. Meanwhile, cells in the bending stems became more loosely packed, along with a decrease in cell wall thickness and cellulose levels. Furthermore, wall properties characterizations show bending stems have decreased lignocellulosic CrI and cellulose DP, and enhanced the branching ratio of hemicellulose which is trapped in the cellulose. Given the distinct cell wall factors in different species, all data are grouped in standardized to eliminate the variations among plant species. The principal composition analysis and correlation analysis of the processed dataset strongly suggest that cellulose association factors determine the stem mechanical force and recalcitrance. Based on our results, we propose a model for how branches of confined hemicellulose interacted with cellulose to modulate stem strength support for the straight or bending phenotype in cut flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqian Zhao
- Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Runjie Yang
- Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yongjing Zhao
- Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jianhua Kuang
- Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Longqing Chen
- Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Huizhen Hu
- Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
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Thuy NT, Kim H, Hong S. Antagonistic functions of CTL1 and SUH1 mediate cell wall assembly in Arabidopsis. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e580. [PMID: 38525472 PMCID: PMC10960159 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Plant genomes contain numerous genes encoding chitinase-like (CTL) proteins, which have a similar protein structure to chitinase belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family but lack the chitinolytic activity to cleave the β-1,4-glycosidic bond in chitins, polymers of N-acetylglucosamine. CTL1 mutations found in rice and Arabidopsis have caused pleiotropic developmental defects, including altered cell wall composition and decreased abiotic stress tolerance, likely due to reduced cellulose content. In this study, we identified suppressor of hot2 1 (suh1) as a genetic suppressor of the ctl1 hot2-1 mutation in Arabidopsis. The mutation in SUH1 restored almost all examined ctl1 hot2-1 defects to nearly wild-type levels or at least partially. SUH1 encodes a Golgi-located type II membrane protein with glycosyltransferase (GT) activity, and its mutations lead to a reduction in cellulose content and hypersensitivity to cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors, although to a lesser extent than ctl1 hot2-1 mutation. The SUH1 promoter fused with the GUS reporter gene exhibited GUS activity in interfascicular fibers and xylem in stems; meanwhile, the ctl1 hot2-1 mutation significantly increased this activity. Our findings provide genetic and molecular evidence that the antagonistic activities of CTL1 and SUH1 play an essential role in assembling the cell wall in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Thuy
- Department of the Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Hyun‐Jung Kim
- Department of the Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Suk‐Whan Hong
- Department of the Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
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6
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Li W, Lin YCJ, Chen YL, Zhou C, Li S, De Ridder N, Oliveira DM, Zhang L, Zhang B, Wang JP, Xu C, Fu X, Luo K, Wu AM, Demura T, Lu MZ, Zhou Y, Li L, Umezawa T, Boerjan W, Chiang VL. Woody plant cell walls: Fundamentals and utilization. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:112-140. [PMID: 38102833 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls in plants, particularly forest trees, are the major carbon sink of the terrestrial ecosystem. Chemical and biosynthetic features of plant cell walls were revealed early on, focusing mostly on herbaceous model species. Recent developments in genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, transgenesis, and associated analytical techniques are enabling novel insights into formation of woody cell walls. Here, we review multilevel regulation of cell wall biosynthesis in forest tree species. We highlight current approaches to engineering cell walls as potential feedstock for materials and energy and survey reported field tests of such engineered transgenic trees. We outline opportunities and challenges in future research to better understand cell type biogenesis for more efficient wood cell wall modification and utilization for biomaterials or for enhanced carbon capture and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | | | - Ying-Lan Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nette De Ridder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dyoni M Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jack P Wang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Changzheng Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaokang Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Taku Demura
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Science of Forest Plants and Microorganisms, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent L Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Pancaldi F, van Loo EN, Senio S, Al Hassan M, van der Cruijsen K, Paulo MJ, Dolstra O, Schranz ME, Trindade LM. Syntenic Cell Wall QTLs as Versatile Breeding Tools: Intraspecific Allelic Variability and Predictability of Biomass Quality Loci in Target Plant Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:779. [PMID: 36840127 PMCID: PMC9961111 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Syntenic cell wall QTLs (SQTLs) can identify genetic determinants of biomass traits in understudied species based on results from model crops. However, their effective use in plant breeding requires SQTLs to display intraspecific allelic variability and to predict causative loci in other populations/species than the ones used for SQTLs identification. In this study, genome assemblies from different accessions of Arabidopsis, rapeseed, tomato, rice, Brachypodium and maize were used to evaluate the intraspecific variability of SQTLs. In parallel, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on cell wall quality traits was performed in miscanthus to verify the colocalization between GWAS loci and miscanthus SQTLs. Finally, an analogous approach was applied on a set of switchgrass cell wall QTLs retrieved from the literature. These analyses revealed large SQTLs intraspecific genetic variability, ranging from presence-absence gene variation to SNPs/INDELs and changes in coded proteins. Cell wall genes displaying gene dosage regulation, such as PAL and CAD, displayed presence-absence variation in Brachypodium and rapeseed, while protein INDELs were detected for the Brachypodium homologs of the rice brittle culm-like 8 locus, which may likely impact cell wall quality. Furthermore, SQTLs significantly colocalized with the miscanthus and switchgrass QTLs, with relevant cell wall genes being retained in colocalizing regions. Overall, SQTLs are useful tools to screen germplasm for relevant genes and alleles to improve biomass quality and can increase the efficiency of plant breeding in understudied biomass crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pancaldi
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eibertus N. van Loo
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sylwia Senio
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamad Al Hassan
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper van der Cruijsen
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria-João Paulo
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oene Dolstra
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa M. Trindade
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Yang X, Lai Y, Wang L, Zhao M, Wang J, Li M, Chi L, Lv G, Liu Y, Cui Z, Li R, Wu L, Sun B, Zhang X, Jiang S. Isolation of a Novel QTL, qSCM4, Associated with Strong Culm Affects Lodging Resistance and Panicle Branch Number in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010812. [PMID: 36614255 PMCID: PMC9821088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice breeders are now developing new varieties with semi-high or even high plant height to further increase the grain yield, and the problem of lodging has re-appeared. We identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), qSCM4, for resistance to lodging by using an F2 segregant population and a recombinant self-incompatible line population from the cross between Shennong265 (SN265) and Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) after multiple years and multiple environments. Then, the residual heterozygous derived segregant population which consisted of 1781 individual plants, and the BC3F2 segregant population which consisted of 3216 individual plants, were used to shorten the physical interval of qSCM4 to 58.5 kb including 11 genes. DNA sequencing revealed the most likely candidate gene for qSCM4 was Os04g0615000, which encoded a functional protein with structural domains of serine and cysteine. There were 13 DNA sequence changes in LTH compared to SN265 in this gene, including a fragment deletion, two base changes in the 3' UTR region, six base changes in the exons, and four base changes in the introns. A near-isogenic line carrying qSCM4 showed that it improved the lodging resistance through increasing stem thickness by 25.3% and increasing stem folding resistance by 20.3%. Furthermore, it was also discovered that qSCM4 enhanced the primary branch per panicle by 16.7%, secondary branch by per panicle 9.9%, and grain number per panicle by 14.7%. All the above results will give us a valuable genetic resource for concurrently boosting culm strength and lodging resistance, and they will also provide a basis for further research on the lodging resistance mechanism of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Yang
- Crop Cultivation and Tillage Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (B.S.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory, Crop Physiology and Ecology in Cold Region, Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Crop Cold Damage, Harbin 150086, China
- Northeast Center of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yongcai Lai
- Crop Cultivation and Tillage Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (B.S.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory, Crop Physiology and Ecology in Cold Region, Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Crop Cold Damage, Harbin 150086, China
- Northeast Center of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Crop Cultivation and Tillage Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (B.S.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory, Crop Physiology and Ecology in Cold Region, Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Crop Cold Damage, Harbin 150086, China
- Northeast Center of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center Co-Sponsored by Liaoning Provincial Government and Ministry of Education for Northeast Japonica Rice Genetic Improvement and High Efficiency Production, Shenyang 110161, China; (M.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center Co-Sponsored by Liaoning Provincial Government and Ministry of Education for Northeast Japonica Rice Genetic Improvement and High Efficiency Production, Shenyang 110161, China; (M.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Mingxian Li
- Crop Cultivation and Tillage Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (B.S.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory, Crop Physiology and Ecology in Cold Region, Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Crop Cold Damage, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Liyong Chi
- Crop Cultivation and Tillage Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (B.S.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory, Crop Physiology and Ecology in Cold Region, Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Crop Cold Damage, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Guoyi Lv
- Crop Cultivation and Tillage Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (B.S.)
| | - Youhong Liu
- Crop Cultivation and Tillage Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (B.S.)
- Northeast Center of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhibo Cui
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center Co-Sponsored by Liaoning Provincial Government and Ministry of Education for Northeast Japonica Rice Genetic Improvement and High Efficiency Production, Shenyang 110161, China; (M.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Rui Li
- Crop Cultivation and Tillage Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (B.S.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory, Crop Physiology and Ecology in Cold Region, Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Crop Cold Damage, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Liren Wu
- Crop Cultivation and Tillage Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (B.S.)
| | - Bing Sun
- Crop Cultivation and Tillage Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (B.S.)
| | - Xijuan Zhang
- Crop Cultivation and Tillage Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (B.S.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory, Crop Physiology and Ecology in Cold Region, Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Crop Cold Damage, Harbin 150086, China
- Northeast Center of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Harbin 150086, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (S.J.)
| | - Shukun Jiang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory, Crop Physiology and Ecology in Cold Region, Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Crop Cold Damage, Harbin 150086, China
- Northeast Center of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Harbin 150086, China
- Qiqihar Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (S.J.)
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9
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Xu Z, Gao Y, Gao C, Mei J, Wang S, Ma J, Yang H, Cao S, Wang Y, Zhang F, Liu X, Liu Q, Zhou Y, Zhang B. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor lipid remodeling directs proteins to the plasma membrane and governs cell wall mechanics. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4778-4794. [PMID: 35976113 PMCID: PMC9709986 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring is a common protein modification that targets proteins to the plasma membrane (PM). Knowledge about the GPI lipid tail, which guides the secretion of GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs), is limited in plants. Here, we report that rice (Oryza sativa) BRITTLE CULM16 (BC16), a membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) remodels GPI lipid tails and governs cell wall biomechanics. The bc16 mutant exhibits fragile internodes, resulting from reduced cell wall thickness and cellulose content. BC16 is the only MBOAT in rice and is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Yeast gup1Δ mutant restoring assay and GPI lipid composition analysis demonstrated BC16 as a GPI lipid remodelase. Loss of BC16 alters GPI lipid structure and disturbs the targeting of BC1, a GPI-AP for cellulose biosynthesis, to the PM lipid nanodomains. Atomic force microscopy revealed compromised deposition of cellulosic nanofibers in bc16, leading to an increased Young's modulus and abnormal mechanical properties. Therefore, BC16-mediated lipid remodeling directs the GPI-APs, such as BC1, to the cell surface to fulfill multiple functions, including cellulose organization. Our work unravels a mechanism by which GPI lipids are remodeled in plants and provides insights into the control of cell wall biomechanics, offering a tool for breeding elite crops with improved support strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Plant Functional Genomics, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yihong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengxu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiasong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shaogan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiaxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hanlei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaoxue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Plant Functional Genomics, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Guo B, Huang X, Qi J, Sun H, Lv C, Wang F, Zhu J, Xu R. Brittle culm 3, encoding a cellulose synthase subunit 5, is required for cell wall biosynthesis in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:989406. [PMID: 36507388 PMCID: PMC9726912 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall plays an important role in plant mechanical strength. Cellulose is the major component of plant cell walls and provides the most abundant renewable biomass resource for biofuels on earth. Mutational analysis showed that cellulose synthase (CESA) genes are critical in cell wall biosynthesis in cereal crops like rice. However, their role has not been fully elucidated in barley. In this study, we isolated a brittle culm mutant brittle culm 3 (bc3) derived from Yangnongpi 5 ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis in barley. The bc3 mutants exhibited reduced mechanical strength of the culms due to impaired thickening of the sclerenchyma cell wall and reduced cellulose and hemicellulose content in the culms. Genetic analysis and map-based cloning revealed that the bc3 mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene and harbored a point mutation in the HvCESA5 gene, generating a premature stop codon near the N-terminal of the protein. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the HvCESA5 gene is predominantly expressed in the culms and co-expressed with HvCESA4 and HvCESA8, consistent with the brittle culm phenotype of the bc3 mutant. These results indicate that the truncated HvCESA5 affects cell wall biosynthesis leading to a brittle culm phenotype. Our findings provide evidence for the important role of HvCESA5 in cell wall biosynthesis pathway and could be a potential target to modify cell wall in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rugen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Zhang J, Liu Z, Sakamoto S, Mitsuda N, Ren A, Persson S, Zhang D. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 34 promotes secondary cell wall thickening and strength of rice peduncles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1806-1820. [PMID: 36047836 PMCID: PMC9614485 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose and lignin are critical cell wall components for plant morphogenesis and adaptation to environmental conditions. The cytoskeleton supports cell wall deposition, but much of the underpinning regulatory components remain unknown. Here, we show that an APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) family transcription factor, OsERF34, directly promotes the expression of the actin- and microtubule-binding protein Rice Morphology Determinant (RMD) in rice (Oryza sativa) peduncles. OsERF34 and RMD are highly expressed in sclerenchymatous peduncle cells that are fortified by thick secondary cell walls (SCWs) that provide mechanical peduncle strength. erf34 and rmd-1 mutants contained lower cellulose and lignin contents and thinner SCWs, while ERF34 over-expressing (OE) lines maintained high cellulose and lignin content with thicker SCWs. These characteristics impacted peduncle mechanical strength, that is, reduced strength in erf34 and rmd-1 and increased strength of ERF34 OE plants. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the OsERF34-RMD cascade positively regulates SCW synthesis and mechanical strength in rice peduncles, which is important for yield, and provide a potential guide for improved peduncle breeding efforts in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zengyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | | | | | - Anran Ren
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences (PLEN), University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
| | - Dabing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, 5064, Australia
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12
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Zhang Y, Shan X, Zhao Q, Shi F. The MicroRNA397a-LACCASE17 module regulates lignin biosynthesis in Medicago ruthenica (L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:978515. [PMID: 36061772 PMCID: PMC9434696 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.978515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical strength is essential for the upright growth habit, which is one of the most important characteristics of terrestrial plants. Lignin, a phenylpropanoid-derived polymer mainly present in secondary cell walls plays critical role in providing mechanical support. Here, we report that the prostrate-stem cultivar of the legume forage Medicago ruthenica cultivar 'Mengnong No. 1' shows compromised mechanical strength compared with the erect-stem cultivar 'Zhilixing'. The erect-stem cultivar, 'Zhilixing' has significantly higher lignin content, leading to higher mechanical strength than the prostrate-stem cultivar. The low abundance of miRNA397a in the Zhiixing cultivar causes reduced cleavage of MrLAC17 transcript, which results in enhanced expression level of MrLAC17 compared to that in the prostrate-stem cultivar Mengnong No. 1. Complementation of the Arabidopsis lac4 lac17 double mutants with MrLAC17 restored the lignin content to wild-type levels, confirming that MrLAC17 perform an exchangeable role with Arabidopsis laccases. LAC17-mediated lignin polymerization is therefore increased in the 'Zhilixing', causing the erect stem phenotype. Our data reveal the importance of the miR397a in the lignin biosynthesis and suggest a strategy for molecular breeding targeting plant architecture in legume forage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaotong Shan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengling Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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13
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Tang Y, Wang M, Cao L, Dang Z, Ruan N, Wang Y, Huang Y, Wu J, Zhang M, Xu Z, Chen W, Li F, Xu Q. OsUGE3-mediated cell wall polysaccharides accumulation improves biomass production, mechanical strength, and salt tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2492-2507. [PMID: 35592911 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls constitute the majority of plant biomass and are essential for plant resistance to environmental stresses. It is promising to improve both plant biomass production and stress resistance simultaneously by genetic modification of cell walls. Here, we report the functions of a UDP-galactose/glucose epimerase 3 (OsUGE3) in rice growth and salt tolerance by characterizing its overexpressing plants (OsUGE3-OX) and loss-of-function mutants (uge3). The OsUGE3-OX plants showed improvements in biomass production and mechanical strength, whereas uge3 mutants displayed growth defects. The OsUGE3 exhibits UDP-galactose/glucose epimerase activity that provides substrates for polysaccharides polymerization, consistent with the increased biosynthesis of cellulose and hemicelluloses and strengthened walls in OsUGE3-OX plants. Notably, the OsUGE3 is ubiquitously expressed and induced by salt treatment. The uge3 mutants were hypersensitive to salt and osmotic stresses, whereas the OsUGE3-OX plants showed improved tolerance to salt and osmotic stresses. Moreover, OsUGE3 overexpression improves the homeostasis of Na+ and K+ and induces a higher accumulation of hemicelluloses and soluble sugars during salt stress. Our results suggest that OsUGE3 improves biomass production, mechanical strength, and salt stress tolerance by reinforcement of cell walls with polysaccharides and it could be targeted for genetic modification to improve rice growth under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Tang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meihan Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liyu Cao
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengjun Dang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Ruan
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingni Huang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengjin Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fengcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Quan Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Wang F, Cheng Z, Wang J, Zhang F, Zhang B, Luo S, Lei C, Pan T, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Wang M, Chen W, Lin Q, Zhu S, Zhou Y, Zhao Z, Wang J, Guo X, Zhang X, Jiang L, Bao Y, Ren Y, Wan J. Rice STOMATAL CYTOKINESIS DEFECTIVE2 regulates cell expansion by affecting vesicular trafficking in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:567-584. [PMID: 35234957 PMCID: PMC9157159 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular trafficking plays critical roles in cell expansion in yeast and mammals, but information linking vesicular trafficking and cell expansion in plants is limited. Here, we isolated and characterized a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant, decreased plant height 1-1 (dph1-1), which exhibited a wide spectrum of developmental phenotypes, including reduced plant height and smaller panicles and grains. Cytological analysis revealed that limited cell expansion was responsible for the dph1-1 mutant phenotype compared to the wild-type. Map-based cloning revealed that DPH1 encodes a plant-specific protein, OsSCD2, which is homologous to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) STOMATAL CYTOKINESIS DEFECTIVE2 (SCD2). Subcellular localization revealed that OsSCD2 is associated with clathrin. Confocal microscopy showed that the dph1-1 mutant has defective endocytosis and post-Golgi trafficking. Biochemical and confocal data indicated that OsSCD2 physically interacts with OsSCD1 and that they are associated with intracellular structures that colocalize with microtubules. Furthermore, we found that cellulose synthesis was affected in the dph1-1 mutant, evidenced by reduced cellulose synthase gene accumulation at the transcript and protein levels, most likely resulting from an impaired localization pattern. Our results suggest that OsSCD2 is involved in clathrin-related vesicular trafficking with an important role in maintaining plant growth in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiachang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cailin Lei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tian Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Min Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhichao Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiqun Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Author for correspondence: ,
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15
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Li G, Zeng X, Li Y, Li J, Huang X, Zhao D. BRITTLE CULM17, a Novel Allele of TAC4, Affects the Mechanical Properties of Rice Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105305. [PMID: 35628116 PMCID: PMC9140386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lodging resistance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) has always been a hot issue in agricultural production. A brittle stem mutant, osbc17, was identified by screening an EMS (Ethylmethane sulfonate) mutant library established in our laboratory. The stem segments and leaves of the mutant were obviously brittle and fragile, with low mechanical strength. Examination of paraffin sections of flag leaf and internode samples indicated that the number of cell layers in mechanical tissue of the mutant was decreased compared with the wild type, Pingtangheinuo, and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the mechanical tissue cell walls of the mutant were thinner. Lignin contents of the internodes of mature-stage rice were significantly lower in the mutant than in the wild type. By the MutMap method, we found candidate gene OsBC17, which was located on rice chromosome 2 and had a 2433 bp long coding sequence encoding a protein sequence of 810 amino acid residues with unknown function. According to LC-MS/MS analysis of intermediate products of the lignin synthesis pathway, the accumulation of caffeyl alcohol in the osbc17 mutant was significantly higher than in Pingtangheinuo. Caffeyl alcohol can be polymerized to the catechyl lignin monomer by laccase ChLAC8; however, ChLAC8 and OsBC17 are not homologous proteins, which suggests that the osbc17 gene is involved in this process by regulating laccase expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzheng Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Biological Engineering, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Yan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Jianrong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaozhen Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Degang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Biological Engineering, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
- Guizhou Plant Conservation Center, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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Ruan N, Dang Z, Wang M, Cao L, Wang Y, Liu S, Tang Y, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Xu Q, Chen W, Li F. FRAGILE CULM 18 encodes a UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase required for xylan biosynthesis and plant growth in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2320-2335. [PMID: 35104839 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylases (UXSs) have been well studied with regard to catalysing the conversion of UDP-glucuronic acid into UDP-xylose, their biological roles in grasses remain largely unknown. The rice (Oryza sativa) genome contains six UXSs, but none of them has been genetically characterized. Here, we reported on the characterization of a novel rice fragile culm mutant, fc18, which exhibited brittleness with altered cell wall and pleiotropic defects in growth. Map-based cloning and transgenic analyses revealed that the FC18 gene encodes a cytosol-localized OsUXS3 and is widely expressed with higher expression in xylan-rich tissues. Monosaccharide analysis showed that the xylose level was decreased in fc18, and cell wall fraction determinations confirmed that the xylan content in fc18 was lower, suggesting that UDP-xylose from FC18 participates in xylan biosynthesis. Moreover, the fc18 mutant displayed defective cellulose properties, which led to an enhancement in biomass saccharification. Furthermore, expression of genes involved in sugar metabolism and phytohormone signal transduction was largely altered in fc18. Consistent with this, the fc18 mutant exhibited significantly reduced free auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) content and lower expression levels of PIN family genes compared with wild type. Our work reveals the physiological roles of FC18/UXS3 in xylan biosynthesis, cellulose deposition, and plant growth in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ruan
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengjun Dang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meihan Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liyu Cao
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Jinzhou Academy of Science and Technology, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yijun Tang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuwei Huang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Quan Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fengcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Rajakani R, Sellamuthu G, Ishikawa T, Ahmed HAI, Bharathan S, Kumari K, Shabala L, Zhou M, Chen ZH, Shabala S, Venkataraman G. Reduced apoplastic barriers in tissues of shoot-proximal rhizomes of Oryza coarctata are associated with Na+ sequestration. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:998-1015. [PMID: 34606587 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oryza coarctata is the only wild rice species with significant salinity tolerance. The present work examines the role of the substantial rhizomatous tissues of O. coarctata in conferring salinity tolerance. Transition to an erect phenotype (shoot emergence) from prostrate growth of rhizome tissues is characterized by marked lignification and suberization of supporting sclerenchymatous tissue, epidermis, and bundle sheath cells in aerial shoot-proximal nodes and internodes in O. coarctata. With salinity, however, aerial shoot-proximal internodal tissues show reductions in lignification and suberization, most probably related to re-direction of carbon flux towards synthesis of the osmporotectant proline. Concurrent with hypolignification and reduced suberization, the aerial rhizomatous biomass of O. coarctata appears to have evolved mechanisms to store Na+ in these specific tissues under salinity. This was confirmed by histochemical staining, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR expression patterns of genes involved in lignification/suberization, Na+ and K+ contents of internodal tissues, as well as non-invasive microelectrode ion flux measurements of NaCl-induced net Na+, K+, and H+ flux profiles of aerial nodes were determined. In O. coarctata, aerial proximal internodes appear to act as 'traffic controllers', sending required amounts of Na+ and K+ into developing leaves for osmotic adjustment and turgor-driven growth, while more deeply positioned internodes assume a Na+ buffering/storage role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rajakani
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600 113, India
- Forest Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague-16500, Czech Republic
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
| | - Hassan Ahmed Ibraheem Ahmed
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42522, Egypt
| | - Subhashree Bharathan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumkum Kumari
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600 113, India
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Li Q, Nie S, Li G, Du J, Ren R, Yang X, Liu B, Gao X, Liu T, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Li X, Nie Y, Wang B, Lin H, Ding H, Pan G. Identification and Fine Mapping of the Recessive Gene BK-5, Which Affects Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Plant Brittleness in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:814. [PMID: 35055000 PMCID: PMC8775815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellulose of the plant cell wall indirectly affects the cell shape and straw stiffness of the plant. Here, the novel brittleness mutant brittle stalk-5 (bk-5) of the maize inbred line RP125 was characterized. We found that the mutant displayed brittleness of the stalk and even the whole plant, and that the brittleness phenotype existed during the whole growth period from germination to senescence. The compressive strength was reduced, the cell wall was thinner, and the cellulose content was decreased compared to that of the wild type. Genetic analysis and map-based cloning indicated that bk-5 was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene and that it was located in a 90.2-Kb region on chromosome 3 that covers three open reading frames (ORFs). Sequence analysis revealed a single non-synonymous missense mutation, T-to-A, in the last exon of Zm00001d043477 (B73: version 4, named BK-5) that caused the 951th amino acid to go from leucine to histidine. BK-5 encodes a cellulose synthase catalytic subunit (CesA), which is involved with cellulose synthesis. We found that BK-5 was constitutively expressed in all tissues of the germinating stage and silking stage, and highly expressed in the leaf, auricula, and root of the silking stage and the 2-cm root and bud of the germinating stage. We found that BK-5 mainly localized to the Golgi apparatus, suggesting that the protein might move to the plasma membrane with the aid of Golgi in maize. According to RNA-seq data, bk-5 had more downregulated genes than upregulated genes, and many of the downregulated genes were enzymes and transcription factors related to cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin biosynthesis of the secondary cell wall. The other differentially expressed genes were related to metabolic and cellular processes, and were significantly enriched in hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, and the plant-pathogen interaction pathway. Taken together, we propose that the mutation of gene BK-5 causes the brittle stalk phenotype and provides important insights into the regulatory mechanism of cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall development in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigui Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (S.N.); (H.L.)
| | - Shujun Nie
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (S.N.); (H.L.)
| | - Gaoke Li
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crops Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Jiyuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Ruchang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Xiu Yang
- Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Boyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Xiaolong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Tianjian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Xinzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yongxin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Baichen Wang
- Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Haijian Lin
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (S.N.); (H.L.)
| | - Haiping Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Guangtang Pan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (S.N.); (H.L.)
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19
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Wu L, Zhang M, Zhang R, Yu H, Wang H, Li J, Wang Y, Hu Z, Wang Y, Luo Z, Li L, Wang L, Peng L, Xia T. Down-regulation of OsMYB103L distinctively alters beta-1,4-glucan polymerization and cellulose microfibers assembly for enhanced biomass enzymatic saccharification in rice. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:245. [PMID: 34961560 PMCID: PMC8713402 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a major component of plant cell walls, cellulose provides the most abundant biomass resource convertible for biofuels. Since cellulose crystallinity and polymerization have been characterized as two major features accounting for lignocellulose recalcitrance against biomass enzymatic saccharification, genetic engineering of cellulose biosynthesis is increasingly considered as a promising solution in bioenergy crops. Although several transcription factors have been identified to regulate cellulose biosynthesis and plant cell wall formation, much remains unknown about its potential roles for genetic improvement of lignocellulose recalcitrance. RESULTS In this study, we identified a novel rice mutant (Osfc9/myb103) encoded a R2R3-MYB transcription factor, and meanwhile generated OsMYB103L-RNAi-silenced transgenic lines. We determined significantly reduced cellulose levels with other major wall polymers (hemicellulose, lignin) slightly altered in mature rice straws of the myb103 mutant and RNAi line, compared to their wild type (NPB). Notably, the rice mutant and RNAi line were of significantly reduced cellulose features (crystalline index/CrI, degree of polymerization/DP) and distinct cellulose nanofibers assembly. These alterations consequently improved lignocellulose recalcitrance for significantly enhanced biomass enzymatic saccharification by 10-28% at p < 0.01 levels (n = 3) after liquid hot water and chemical (1% H2SO4, 1% NaOH) pretreatments with mature rice straws. In addition, integrated RNA sequencing with DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) analyses revealed that the OsMYB103L might specifically mediate cellulose biosynthesis and deposition by regulating OsCesAs and other genes associated with microfibril assembly. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that down-regulation of OsMYB103L could specifically improve cellulose features and cellulose nanofibers assembly to significantly enhance biomass enzymatic saccharification under green-like and mild chemical pretreatments in rice. It has not only indicated a powerful strategy for genetic modification of plant cell walls in bioenergy crops, but also provided insights into transcriptional regulation of cellulose biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming Wu
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, China
- College of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Haizhong Yu
- Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Hailang Wang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 570102, China
| | - Youmei Wang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Zi Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Laboratory of Biomass Engineering & Nanomaterial Application in Automobiles, College of Food Science & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Tao Xia
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- College of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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20
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Liu H, Liu S, Huang G, Xu F. Effect of gene mutation of plants on their mechano-sensibility: the mutant of EXO70H4 influences the buckling of Arabidopsis trichomes. Analyst 2021; 146:5169-5176. [PMID: 34291780 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00682g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the development of molecular biology, more and more mutants of plants have been constructed, where gene mutants have been found to influence not only the biological processes but also biophysical behaviors of plant cells. Trichomes are an important appendage, which has been found to act as an active mechanosensory switch transducing mechanical signals into physiology changes, where the mechanical property of trichomes is vital for such functions. Up to now, over 40 different genes have been found with the function of regulating trichome cell morphogenesis; however, the effect of gene mutants on trichome mechanosensory function remains elusive. In this study, we found that EXO70H4, one of the most up-regulated genes in the mature trichome, not only affects the thickness of the trichome cell wall but also the mechanical property (i.e., the Young's modulus) of trichomes. Finite element method simulation results show that the buckling instability and stress concentration (e.g., exerted by insects) cannot occur on the base of the mutant exo70H4 trichome, which might further interrupt the mechanical signal transduction from branches to the base of trichomes. These results indicated that the mutant exo70H4 trichome might lack the ability to act as an active mechanosensory switch against chewing insect herbivores. Our findings provide new information about the effect of gene mutation (like crop mutants) on the mechano-sensibility and capability to resist the agricultural pests or lodging, which could be of great significance to the development of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450016, China
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21
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Zhang B, Gao Y, Zhang L, Zhou Y. The plant cell wall: Biosynthesis, construction, and functions. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:251-272. [PMID: 33325153 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is composed of multiple biopolymers, representing one of the most complex structural networks in nature. Hundreds of genes are involved in building such a natural masterpiece. However, the plant cell wall is the least understood cellular structure in plants. Due to great progress in plant functional genomics, many achievements have been made in uncovering cell wall biosynthesis, assembly, and architecture, as well as cell wall regulation and signaling. Such information has significantly advanced our understanding of the roles of the cell wall in many biological and physiological processes and has enhanced our utilization of cell wall materials. The use of cutting-edge technologies such as single-molecule imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy has provided much insight into the plant cell wall as an intricate nanoscale network, opening up unprecedented possibilities for cell wall research. In this review, we summarize the major advances made in understanding the cell wall in this era of functional genomics, including the latest findings on the biosynthesis, construction, and functions of the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yihong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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22
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Xie Q, Gao Y, Li J, Yang Q, Qu X, Li H, Zhang J, Wang T, Ye Z, Yang C. The HD-Zip IV transcription factor SlHDZIV8 controls multicellular trichome morphology by regulating the expression of Hairless-2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7132-7145. [PMID: 32930788 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are specialized epidermal appendages that serve as excellent models to study cell morphogenesis. Although the molecular mechanism underlying trichome morphogenesis in Arabidopsis has been well characterized, most of the regulators essential for multicellular trichome morphology remain unknown in tomato. In this study, we determined that the recessive hairless-2 (hl-2) mutation in tomato causes severe distortion of all trichome types, along with increased stem fragility. Using map-based cloning, we found that the hl-2 phenotype was associated with a 100 bp insertion in the coding region of Nck-associated protein 1, a component of the SCAR/WAVE complex. Direct protein-protein interaction was detected between Hl-2 and Hl (SRA1, specifically Rac1-associated protein) using yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays, suggesting that these proteins may work together during trichome formation. In addition, knock-down of a HD-Zip IV transcription factor, HDZIPIV8, distorted trichomes similar to the hl-2 mutant. HDZIPIV8 regulates the expression of Hl-2 by binding to the L1-box in the Hl-2 promoter region, and is involved in organizing actin filaments. The brittleness of hl-2 stems was found to result from decreased cellulose content. Taken together, these findings suggest that the Hl-2 gene plays an important role in controlling multicellular trichome morphogenesis and mechanical properties of stems in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanna Gao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Ren Z, Zhang D, Cao L, Zhang W, Zheng H, Liu Z, Han S, Dong Y, Zhu F, Liu H, Su H, Chen Y, Wu L, Zhu Y, Ku L. Functions and regulatory framework of ZmNST3 in maize under lodging and drought stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2272-2286. [PMID: 32562291 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The growth and development of maize are negatively affected by various abiotic stresses including drought, high salinity, extreme temperature, and strong wind. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stress resistance in maize. In the present work, we identified that a novel NAC transcriptional factor, ZmNST3, enhances maize lodging resistance and drought stress tolerance. ChIP-Seq and expression of target genes analysis showed that ZmNST3 could directly regulate the expression of genes related to cell wall biosynthesis which could subsequently enhance lodging resistance. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that ZmNST3 affected the expression of genes related to the synthesis of antioxidant enzyme secondary metabolites that could enhance drought resistance. More importantly, we are the first to report that ZmNST3 directly binds to the promoters of CESA5 and Dynamin-Related Proteins2A (DRP2A) and activates the expression of genes related to secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis. Additionally, we revealed that ZmNST3 directly binds to the promoters of GST/GlnRS and activates genes which could enhance the production of antioxidant enzymes in vivo. Overall, our work contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory network of ZmNST3 in regulating maize lodging and drought stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Ren
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongling Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liru Cao
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjian Zheng
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixue Liu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengbo Han
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yahui Dong
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huihui Su
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liancheng Wu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lixia Ku
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Liu S, Tang Y, Ruan N, Dang Z, Huang Y, Miao W, Xu Z, Li F. The Rice BZ1 Locus Is Required for Glycosylation of Arabinogalactan Proteins and Galactolipid and Plays a Role in both Mechanical Strength and Leaf Color. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:41. [PMID: 32556633 PMCID: PMC7300173 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cell wall and chloroplast are two fundamental structures determining plant mechanical strength and grain yield. Therefore, understanding mechanisms that improve plants' ability to develop a robust cell wall and well-developed chloroplast is of utmost importance for agricultural activities. RESULTS In this study, we report the functional characterization of a novel rice mutant, brittle stem and zebra leaf (bz1), which displays altered cell wall composition and collapsed chloroplast membrane. Molecular and biochemical analysis revealed that BZ1 encodes a functional UDP-galactose/glucose epimerase (UGE) and is ubiquitously expressed with higher expression in stem and leaf tissues. Multiple techniques analyses, including immunoblots, immuno-gold, and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy, demonstrated a significantly impaired glycosylation of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and disordered cellulose microfibril deposition in bz1. Lipid profiling assay showed that the amount of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG), a major chloroplast membrane glycolipid, was significantly decreased in bz1. Taken together, these results strongly demonstrate that BZ1 participates in UDP-galactose supply for the sugar chains biosynthesis of AGPs and MGDG, which thereby, respectively, results in altered cell wall and abnormal chloroplast development. Due to inferior mechanical strength and reduced photosynthesis, bz1 plants displayed detrimental agronomic traits, whereas BZ1 overexpressing lines showed enhanced plant growth. Transcriptome analysis of stems and leaves further showed that numerous key genes involved in AGPs biosynthesis and photosynthesis metabolism were substantially suppressed in bz1. CONCLUSIONS Our finding identifies BZ1 as a dual-targeting UGE protein for glycosylation of AGPs and MGDG and suggests a strategy for breeding robust elite crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yijun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengjun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Miao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengjin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
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25
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Zhang R, Hu H, Wang Y, Hu Z, Ren S, Li J, He B, Wang Y, Xia T, Chen P, Xie G, Peng L. A novel rice fragile culm 24 mutant encodes a UDP-glucose epimerase that affects cell wall properties and photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2956-2969. [PMID: 32064495 PMCID: PMC7260720 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
UDP-glucose epimerases (UGEs) are essential enzymes for catalysing the conversion of UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) into UDP-galactose (UDP-Gal). Although UDP-Gal has been well studied as the substrate for the biosynthesis of carbohydrates, glycolipids, and glycoproteins, much remains unknown about the biological function of UGEs in plants. In this study, we selected a novel rice fragile culm 24 (Osfc24) mutant and identified it as a nonsense mutation of the FC24/OsUGE2 gene. The Osfc24 mutant shows a brittleness phenotype with significantly altered cell wall composition and disrupted orientation of the cellulose microfibrils. We found significantly reduced accumulation of arabinogalactan proteins in the cell walls of the mutant, which may consequently affect plant growth and cell wall deposition, and be responsible for the altered cellulose microfibril orientation. The mutant exhibits dwarfism and paler leaves with significantly decreased contents of galactolipids and chlorophyll, resulting in defects in plant photosynthesis. Based on our results, we propose a model for how OsUGE2 participates in two distinct metabolic pathways to co-modulate cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall assembly by dynamically providing UDP-Gal and UDP-Glc substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huizhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youmei Wang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangfeng Ren
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Boyang He
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Xia
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guosheng Xie
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Correspondence:
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26
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Yang J, Wang X, Xie M, Wang G, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wu L, Zhang G, Ma Z. Proteomic analyses on xylem sap provides insights into the defense response of Gossypium hirsutum against Verticillium dahliae. J Proteomics 2019; 213:103599. [PMID: 31809902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae seriously affects the yield of cotton. Here, V. dahliae infection induced the significant reduction of protein concentration in cotton xylem sap (CXS), suggesting that the protein composition have changed. Thus, the proteomics in CXS from resistant Gossypium hirsutum cv. ND601 and susceptible CCRI8 infected by V. dahliae were analyzed using the label-free method. A total of 3047 proteins were identified across all four CXS sample groups. 1717 and 1476 proteins were differentially accumulated in ND601 and CCRI8 after infection with V. dahliae, respectively. The majority of up-accumulated and induced proteins belongs to pathogenesis-related proteins and associates with cell wall (CWRPs). Down-accumulated and disappeared proteins were principally related to plant growth and development. Differentially accumulated CWRPs from ND601 and CCRI8 in type and quantity were not entirely consistent with each other, leading to different cell wall dynamics and strength, which were partly proved by the measurement of stem mechanical strength. Most of proteins related to growth and development were down-accumulated in ND601 compared to CCRI8, suggesting that the resistant variety may transfer more energy for defense responses or reduce nutrient acquisition of V. dahliae for colonization more effectively than the susceptible. SIGNIFICANCE: Verticillium wilt, mainly caused by V. dahliae, is one of the most destructive diseases in cotton. V. dahliae usually penetrates the root epidermis, reaches vascular tissues, and eventually extends to the above-ground tissues along the xylem vessels. Obviously, xylem is an important battlefront for plant defense to V. dahliae. Therefore, we analyzed the proteome profiles of xylem saps from resistant and susceptible cotton cultivars. Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between V. dahliae and cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xingfen Wang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Meixia Xie
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Guoning Wang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhikun Li
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Guiyin Zhang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhiying Ma
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
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27
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Liu S, Huang Y, Xu H, Zhao M, Xu Q, Li F. Genetic enhancement of lodging resistance in rice due to the key cell wall polymer lignin, which affects stem characteristics. BREEDING SCIENCE 2018; 68:508-515. [PMID: 30697111 PMCID: PMC6345238 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.18050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lodging in crops seriously restricts plant growth and grain production. The genetic modification of cell walls to enhance plant mechanical strength has been suggested as a promising approach toward improving lodging resistance. However, because of the complexity of the plant cell wall, the exact effects of its polymers on plant lodging resistance remain elusive. To address this issue, we performed large-scale analyses of a total of 56 rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties that displayed distinct cell wall component and lodging index. Lignin was identified as the key cell wall polymer that positively determines lodging resistance in rice. Correlation analysis between cell wall composition and plant morphological characteristics revealed that lignin enhanced rice lodging resistance by largely increasing the mechanical strength of the basal stem and reducing plant height. Further characterization of four representative rice varieties, ShenNong9903, YanJian218, KongYu131, and ShenNongK33, displaying varied levels of lodging resistance, revealed the multiple candidate genes (PAL, CoMT, 4CL3, CAD2, CAD7 and CCR20) responsible for increasing lignin level. Hence, our results demonstrate that the high lignin level in the cell wall predominately improves lodging resistance and suggest target genes for the genetic modification of lignin towards breeding rice with high lodging resistance.
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28
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He JB, Zhao XH, Du PZ, Zeng W, Beahan CT, Wang YQ, Li HL, Bacic A, Wu AM. KNAT7 positively regulates xylan biosynthesis by directly activating IRX9 expression in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:514-528. [PMID: 29393579 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Xylan is the major plant hemicellulosic polysaccharide in the secondary cell wall. The transcription factor KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 7 (KNAT7) regulates secondary cell wall biosynthesis, but its exact role in regulating xylan biosynthesis remains unclear. Using transactivation analyses, we demonstrate that KNAT7 activates the promoters of the xylan biosynthetic genes, IRREGULAR XYLEM 9 (IRX9), IRX10, IRREGULAR XYLEM 14-LIKE (IRX14L), and FRAGILE FIBER 8 (FRA8). The knat7 T-DNA insertion mutants have thinner vessel element walls and xylary fibers, and thicker interfascicular fiber walls in inflorescence stems, relative to wild-type (WT). KNAT7 overexpression plants exhibited opposite effects. Glycosyl linkage and sugar composition analyses revealed lower xylan levels in knat7 inflorescence stems, relative to WT; a finding supported by labeling of inflorescence walls with xylan-specific antibodies. The knat7 loss-of-function mutants had lower transcript levels of the xylan biosynthetic genes IRX9, IRX10, and FRA8, whereas KNAT7 overexpression plants had higher mRNA levels for IRX9, IRX10, IRX14L, and FRA8. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that KNAT7 binds to the IRX9 promoter. These results support the hypothesis that KNAT7 positively regulates xylan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xian-Hai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ping-Zhou Du
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cherie T Beahan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Antony Bacic
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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29
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Liu Q, Luo L, Zheng L. Lignins: Biosynthesis and Biological Functions in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020335. [PMID: 29364145 PMCID: PMC5855557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is one of the main components of plant cell wall and it is a natural phenolic polymer with high molecular weight, complex composition and structure. Lignin biosynthesis extensively contributes to plant growth, tissue/organ development, lodging resistance and the responses to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present review, we systematically introduce the biosynthesis of lignin and its regulation by genetic modification and summarize the main biological functions of lignin in plants and their applications. We hope this review will give an in-depth understanding of the important roles of lignin biosynthesis in various plants’ biological processes and provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of lignin content and composition in energy plants and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Le Luo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Luqing Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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30
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Fan C, Li Y, Hu Z, Hu H, Wang G, Li A, Wang Y, Tu Y, Xia T, Peng L, Feng S. Ectopic expression of a novel OsExtensin-like gene consistently enhances plant lodging resistance by regulating cell elongation and cell wall thickening in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:254-263. [PMID: 28574641 PMCID: PMC5785348 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant lodging resistance is an important integrative agronomic trait of grain yield and quality in crops. Although extensin proteins are tightly associated with plant cell growth and cell wall construction, little has yet been reported about their impacts on plant lodging resistance. In this study, we isolated a novel extensin-like (OsEXTL) gene in rice, and selected transgenic rice plants that expressed OsEXTL under driven with two distinct promoters. Despite different OsEXTL expression levels, two-promoter-driven OsEXTL-transgenic plants, compared to a rice cultivar and an empty vector, exhibited significantly reduced cell elongation in stem internodes, leading to relatively shorter plant heights by 7%-10%. Meanwhile, the OsEXTL-transgenic plants showed remarkably thickened secondary cell walls with higher cellulose levels in the mature plants, resulting in significantly increased detectable mechanical strength (extension and pushing forces) in the mature transgenic plants. Due to reduced plant height and increased plant mechanical strength, the OsEXTL-transgenic plants were detected with largely enhanced lodging resistances in 3 years field experiments, compared to those of the rice cultivar ZH11. In addition, despite relatively short plant heights, the OsEXTL-transgenic plants maintain normal grain yields and biomass production, owing to their increased cellulose levels and thickened cell walls. Hence, this study demonstrates a largely improved lodging resistance in the OsEXTL-transgenic rice plants, and provides insights into novel extensin functions in plant cell growth and development, cell wall network construction and wall structural remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfen Fan
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ying Li
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhen Hu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Huizhen Hu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Guangya Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ao Li
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Youmei Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Tao Xia
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shengqiu Feng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research CentreHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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31
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Hu K, Cao J, Zhang J, Xia F, Ke Y, Zhang H, Xie W, Liu H, Cui Y, Cao Y, Sun X, Xiao J, Li X, Zhang Q, Wang S. Improvement of multiple agronomic traits by a disease resistance gene via cell wall reinforcement. NATURE PLANTS 2017; 3:17009. [PMID: 28211849 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The major disease resistance gene Xa4 confers race-specific durable resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, which causes the most damaging bacterial disease in rice worldwide. Although Xa4 has been one of the most widely exploited resistance genes in rice production worldwide, its molecular nature remains unknown. Here we show that Xa4, encoding a cell wall-associated kinase, improves multiple traits of agronomic importance without compromising grain yield by strengthening the cell wall via promoting cellulose synthesis and suppressing cell wall loosening. Strengthening of the cell wall by Xa4 enhances resistance to bacterial infection, and also increases mechanical strength of the culm with slightly reduced plant height, which may improve lodging resistance of the rice plant. The simultaneous improvement of multiple agronomic traits conferred by Xa4 may account for its widespread and lasting utilization in rice breeding programmes globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fan Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yinggen Ke
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenya Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yinglong Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinli Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Kang JH, Campos ML, Zemelis-Durfee S, Al-Haddad JM, Jones AD, Telewski FW, Brandizzi F, Howe GA. Molecular cloning of the tomato Hairless gene implicates actin dynamics in trichome-mediated defense and mechanical properties of stem tissue. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5313-5324. [PMID: 27481446 PMCID: PMC5049383 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are epidermal structures that provide a first line of defense against arthropod herbivores. The recessive hairless (hl) mutation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) causes severe distortion of trichomes on all aerial tissues, impairs the accumulation of sesquiterpene and polyphenolic compounds in glandular trichomes, and compromises resistance to the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta Here, we demonstrate that the tomato Hl gene encodes a subunit (SRA1) of the highly conserved WAVE regulatory complex that controls nucleation of actin filaments in a wide range of eukaryotic cells. The tomato SRA1 gene spans a 42-kb region containing both Solyc11g013280 and Solyc11g013290 The hl mutation corresponds to a complex 3-kb deletion that removes the last exon of the gene. Expression of a wild-type SRA1 cDNA in the hl mutant background restored normal trichome development, accumulation of glandular trichome-derived metabolites, and resistance to insect herbivory. These findings establish a role for SRA1 in the development of tomato trichomes and also implicate the actin-cytoskeleton network in cytosolic control of specialized metabolism for plant defense. We also show that the brittleness of hl mutant stems is associated with altered mechanical and cell morphological properties of stem tissue, and demonstrate that this defect is directly linked to the mutation in SRA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Kang
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcelo L Campos
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Starla Zemelis-Durfee
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jameel M Al-Haddad
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - A Daniel Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Frank W Telewski
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Gregg A Howe
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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33
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Zhang M, Wei F, Guo K, Hu Z, Li Y, Xie G, Wang Y, Cai X, Peng L, Wang L. A Novel FC116/ BC10 Mutation Distinctively Causes Alteration in the Expression of the Genes for Cell Wall Polymer Synthesis in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1366. [PMID: 27708650 PMCID: PMC5030303 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report isolation and characterization of a fragile culm mutant fc116 that displays reduced mechanical strength caused by decreased cellulose content and altered cell wall structure in rice. Map-based cloning revealed that fc116 was a base substitution mutant (G to A) in a putative beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GnT) gene (LOC_Os05g07790, allelic to BC10). This mutation resulted in one amino acid missing within a newly-identified protein motif "R, RXG, RA." The FC116/BC10 gene was lowly but ubiquitously expressed in the all tissues examined across the whole life cycle of rice, and slightly down-regulated during secondary growth. This mutant also exhibited a significant increase in the content of hemicelluloses and lignins, as well as the content of pentoses (xylose and arabinose). But the content of hexoses (glucose, mannose, and galactose) was decreased in both cellulosic and non-cellulosic (pectins and hemicelluloses) fractions of the mutant. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that the typical genes in the fc116 mutant were up-regulated corresponding to xylan biosynthesis, as well as lignin biosynthesis including p-hydroxyphenyl (H), syringyl (S), and guaiacyl (G). Our results indicate that FC116 has universal function in regulation of the cell wall polymers in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Guosheng Xie
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Xiwen Cai
- Department of Plant Science, North Dakota State UniversityFargo, ND, USA
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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Ookawa T, Aoba R, Yamamoto T, Ueda T, Takai T, Fukuoka S, Ando T, Adachi S, Matsuoka M, Ebitani T, Kato Y, Mulsanti IW, Kishii M, Reynolds M, Piñera F, Kotake T, Kawasaki S, Motobayashi T, Hirasawa T. Precise estimation of genomic regions controlling lodging resistance using a set of reciprocal chromosome segment substitution lines in rice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30572. [PMID: 27465821 PMCID: PMC4964586 DOI: 10.1038/srep30572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe lodging has occurred in many improved rice varieties after the recent strong typhoons in East and Southeast Asian countries. The indica variety Takanari possesses strong culm characteristics due to its large section modulus, which indicates culm thickness, whereas the japonica variety Koshihikari is subject to substantial bending stress due to its thick cortical fibre tissue. To detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for lodging resistance and to eliminate the effects of genetic background, we used reciprocal chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from a cross between Koshihikari and Takanari. The oppositional effects of QTLs for section modulus were confirmed in both genetic backgrounds on chromosomes 1, 5 and 6, suggesting that these QTLs are not affected by the genetic background and are controlled independently by a single factor. The candidate region of a QTL for section modulus included SD1. The section modulus of NIL-sd1 was lower than that of Koshihikari, whereas the section modulus of NIL-SD1 was higher than that of Takanari. This result indicated that those regions regulate the culm thickness. The reciprocal effects of the QTLs for cortical fibre tissue thickness were confirmed in both genetic backgrounds on chromosome 9 using CSSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiichiro Ookawa
- Institute of Agriculture, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryo Aoba
- Institute of Agriculture, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshio Yamamoto
- NARO Agrogenomics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Tadamasa Ueda
- NARO Agrogenomics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Shuichi Fukuoka
- NARO Agrogenomics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Tsuyu Ando
- NARO Agrogenomics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Adachi
- Institute of Agriculture, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuoka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ebitani
- Agricultural Research Institute, Toyama Agricultural, Forestry &Fisheries Research Center, Toyama, Toyama 939-8153, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kato
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines
| | - Indria Wahyu Mulsanti
- Institute of Agriculture, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kishii
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Texcoco, 56237, Mexico
| | - Matthew Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Texcoco, 56237, Mexico
| | - Francisco Piñera
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Texcoco, 56237, Mexico
| | - Toshihisa Kotake
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shinji Kawasaki
- Department of Plant Physiology, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Takashi Motobayashi
- Institute of Agriculture, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hirasawa
- Institute of Agriculture, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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35
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Wang D, Qin Y, Fang J, Yuan S, Peng L, Zhao J, Li X. A Missense Mutation in the Zinc Finger Domain of OsCESA7 Deleteriously Affects Cellulose Biosynthesis and Plant Growth in Rice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153993. [PMID: 27092937 PMCID: PMC4836682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice is a model plant species for the study of cellulose biosynthesis. We isolated a mutant, S1-24, from ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-treated plants of the japonica rice cultivar, Nipponbare. The mutant exhibited brittle culms and other pleiotropic phenotypes such as dwarfism and partial sterility. The brittle culms resulted from reduced mechanical strength due to a defect in thickening of the sclerenchyma cell wall and reduced cellulose content in the culms of the S1-24 mutant. Map-based gene cloning and a complementation assay showed that phenotypes of the S1-24 mutant were caused by a recessive point mutation in the OsCESA7 gene, which encodes cellulose synthase A subunit 7. The missense mutation changed the highly conserved C40 to Y in the zinc finger domain. The OsCESA7 gene is expressed predominantly in the culm at the mature stage, particularly in mechanical tissues such as vascular bundles and sclerenchyma cells, consistent with the brittle phenotype in the culm. These results indicate that OsCESA7 plays an important role in cellulose biosynthesis and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daofeng Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Qin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lixiang Peng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyong Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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36
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Sun L, Singh S, Joo M, Vega-Sanchez M, Ronald P, Simmons BA, Adams P, Auer M. Non-invasive imaging of cellulose microfibril orientation within plant cell walls by polarized Raman microspectroscopy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:82-90. [PMID: 26137889 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose microfibrils represent the major scaffold of plant cell walls. Different packing and orientation of the microfibrils at the microscopic scale determines the macroscopic properties of cell walls and thus affect their functions with a profound effect on plant survival. We developed a polarized Raman microspectroscopic method to determine cellulose microfibril orientation within rice plant cell walls. Employing an array of point measurements as well as area imaging and subsequent Matlab-assisted data processing, we were able to characterize the distribution of cellulose microfibril orientation in terms of director angle and anisotropy magnitude. Using this approach we detected differences between wild type rice plants and the rice brittle culm mutant, which shows a more disordered cellulose microfibril arrangement, and differences between different tissues of a wild type rice plant. This novel non-invasive Raman imaging approach allows for quantitative assessment of cellulose fiber orientation in cell walls of herbaceous plants, an important advancement in cell wall characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Sun
- Technology Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California.,Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California.,Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National laboratories, Livermore, California
| | - Seema Singh
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California.,Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National laboratories, Livermore, California
| | - Michael Joo
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Miguel Vega-Sanchez
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California.,Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Pamela Ronald
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California.,Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California.,Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National laboratories, Livermore, California
| | - Paul Adams
- Technology Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California.,Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Manfred Auer
- Technology Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California. .,Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720.
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37
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Li F, Zhang M, Guo K, Hu Z, Zhang R, Feng Y, Yi X, Zou W, Wang L, Wu C, Tian J, Lu T, Xie G, Peng L. High-level hemicellulosic arabinose predominately affects lignocellulose crystallinity for genetically enhancing both plant lodging resistance and biomass enzymatic digestibility in rice mutants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:514-25. [PMID: 25418842 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a major food crop with enormous biomass residue for biofuels. As plant cell wall recalcitrance basically decides a costly biomass process, genetic modification of plant cell walls has been regarded as a promising solution. However, due to structural complexity and functional diversity of plant cell walls, it becomes essential to identify the key factors of cell wall modifications that could not much alter plant growth, but cause an enhancement in biomass enzymatic digestibility. To address this issue, we performed systems biology analyses of a total of 36 distinct cell wall mutants of rice. As a result, cellulose crystallinity (CrI) was examined to be the key factor that negatively determines either the biomass enzymatic saccharification upon various chemical pretreatments or the plant lodging resistance, an integrated agronomic trait in plant growth and grain production. Notably, hemicellulosic arabinose (Ara) was detected to be the major factor that negatively affects cellulose CrI probably through its interlinking with β-1,4-glucans. In addition, lignin and G monomer also exhibited the positive impact on biomass digestion and lodging resistance. Further characterization of two elite mutants, Osfc17 and Osfc30, showing normal plant growth and high biomass enzymatic digestion in situ and in vitro, revealed the multiple GH9B candidate genes for reducing cellulose CrI and XAT genes for increasing hemicellulosic Ara level. Hence, the results have suggested the potential cell wall modifications for enhancing both biomass enzymatic digestibility and plant lodging resistance by synchronically overexpressing GH9B and XAT genes in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengcheng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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38
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Guo K, Zou W, Feng Y, Zhang M, Zhang J, Tu F, Xie G, Wang L, Wang Y, Klie S, Persson S, Peng L. An integrated genomic and metabolomic framework for cell wall biology in rice. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:596. [PMID: 25023612 PMCID: PMC4112216 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plant cell walls are complex structures that full-fill many diverse functions during plant growth and development. It is therefore not surprising that thousands of gene products are involved in cell wall synthesis and maintenance. However, functional association for the majority of these gene products remains obscure. One useful approach to infer biological associations is via transcriptional coordination, or co-expression of genes. This approach has proved useful for several biological processes. Nevertheless, combining co-expression with other large-scale measurements may improve the biological inferences. Results In this study, we used a combined approach of co-expression and cell wall metabolomics to obtain new insight into cell wall synthesis in rice. We initially created a weighted gene co-expression network from publicly available datasets, and then established a comprehensive cell wall dataset by determining cell wall compositions from 29 tissues that almost cover the whole life cycle of rice. We subsequently combined the datasets through the conversion of co-expressed gene modules into eigen-vectors, representing expression profiles for the genes in the modules, and performed comparative analyses against the cell wall contents. Here, we made three major discoveries. First, we confirmed our approach by finding primary and secondary wall cellulose biosynthesis modules, respectively. Second, we found co-expressed modules that strongly correlated with re-organization of the secondary cell walls and with modifications and degradation of hemicellulosic structures. Third, we inferred that at least one module is likely to play a regulatory role in the production of G-rich lignification. Conclusions Here, we integrated transcriptomic associations and cell wall metabolism and found that certain co-expressed gene modules are positively correlated with distinct cell wall characteristics. We propose that combining multiple data-types, such as coordinated transcription and cell wall analyses, may be a useful approach to glean new insight into biological processes. The combination of multiple datasets, as illustrated here, can further improve the functional inferences that typically are generated via a single type of datasets. In addition, our data extend the typical co-expression approach to allow deeper insight into cell wall biology in rice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-596) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liangcai Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P, R, China.
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Gu F, Nielsen E. Targeting and regulation of cell wall synthesis during tip growth in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 55:835-46. [PMID: 23758901 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs and pollen tubes are formed through tip growth, a process requiring synthesis of new cell wall material and the precise targeting and integration of these components to a selected apical plasma membrane domain in the growing tips of these cells. Presence of a tip-focused calcium gradient, control of actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and formation and targeting of secretory vesicles are essential to tip growth. Similar to cells undergoing diffuse growth, cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins are also deposited in the growing apices of tip-growing cells. However, differences in the manner in which these cell wall components are targeted and inserted in the expanding portion of tip-growing cells is reflected by the identification of elements of the plant cell wall synthesis machinery which have been shown to play unique roles in tip-growing cells. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the tip growth process, with a particular focus on the subcellular targeting of newly synthesized cell wall components, and their roles in this form of plant cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Gu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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40
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Rao Y, Yang Y, Xin D, Li X, Zhai K, Ma B, Pan J, Qian Q, Zeng D. Characterization and cloning of a brittle culm mutant (bc88) in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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41
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Wang D, Yuan S, Yin L, Zhao J, Guo B, Lan J, Li X. A missense mutation in the transmembrane domain of CESA9 affects cell wall biosynthesis and plant growth in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 196:117-24. [PMID: 23017906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a model organism in poaceae plants to study cell wall biosynthesis. In this study, a mutant S1-60 isolated from an EMS mutagenized japonica cultivar Nipponbare, is characterized by brittle culms that can be easily broken by bending. The reduction in mechanical strength was due to defect in thickening of the sclerenchyma cell wall. The amount of cellulose in S1-60 culms was reduced to 44.7% of that of wild-type plants. Besides, the mutant also exhibited pleiotropic phenotypes, such as dwarfism and partial sterility. Genetic analysis and map-based cloning showed that all the phenotype of S1-60 mutant was caused by a recessive point mutation in the OsCESA9 gene, which encodes the cellulose synthase A subunit 9. This yet uncharacterized missense mutation changed the highly conserved G905 to D at the beginning of the fifth transmembrane domain. The OsCESA9 gene is predominantly expressed in the culms of mature stage plants, consistent with the brittle phenotype in the culm. These results indicate that OsCESA9 plays an important role in cell wall biosynthesis and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daofeng Wang
- College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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42
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Varanasi P, Katsnelson J, Larson DM, Sharma R, Sharma MK, Vega-Sánchez ME, Zemla M, Loque D, Ronald PC, Simmons BA, Singh S, Adams PD, Auer M. Mechanical Stress Analysis as a Method to Understand the Impact of Genetically Engineered Rice and Arabidopsis Plants. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2012. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2012.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patanjali Varanasi
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA
| | - Jacob Katsnelson
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA
| | - David M. Larson
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA
| | - Rita Sharma
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Manoj K. Sharma
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Miguel E. Vega-Sánchez
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA
| | - Marcin Zemla
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA
| | - Dominique Loque
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA
| | - Pamela C. Ronald
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Blake A. Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA
| | - Seema Singh
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA
| | - Paul D. Adams
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA
| | - Manfred Auer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA
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Li C, Tao J, Zhao D, You C, Ge J. Effect of calcium sprays on mechanical strength and cell wall fractions of herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora pall.) inflorescence stems. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:4704-4713. [PMID: 22606005 PMCID: PMC3344241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13044704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is an essential element and imparts significant structural rigidity to the plant cell walls, which provide the main mechanical support to the entire plant. In order to increase the mechanical strength of the inflorescence stems of herbaceous peony, the stems are treated with calcium chloride. The results shows that preharvest sprays with 4% (w/v) calcium chloride three times after bud emergence are the best at strengthening “Da Fugui” peonies’ stems. Calcium sprays increased the concentrations of endogenous calcium, total pectin content as well as cell wall fractions in herbaceous peonies stems, and significantly increased the contents of them in the top segment. Correlation analysis showed that the breaking force of the top segment of peonies’ stems was positively correlated with the ratio of water insoluble pectin to water soluble pectin (R = 0.673) as well as lignin contents (R = 0.926) after calcium applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhong Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; E-Mails: (C.L.); (D.Z.); (C.Y.); (J.G.)
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Yangzhou Vocational College of Environment and Resources, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; E-Mails: (C.L.); (D.Z.); (C.Y.); (J.G.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-514-87997219; Fax: +86-514-87347537
| | - Daqiu Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; E-Mails: (C.L.); (D.Z.); (C.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Chao You
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; E-Mails: (C.L.); (D.Z.); (C.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Jintao Ge
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; E-Mails: (C.L.); (D.Z.); (C.Y.); (J.G.)
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Song X, Zhang B, Zhou Y. Golgi-localized UDP-glucose transporter is required for cell wall integrity in rice. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:1097-100. [PMID: 21822061 PMCID: PMC3260701 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.8.16379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall-related nucleotide sugar transporters (NSTs) theoretically supply the cytosolic nucleotide sugars for glycosyltransferases (GTs) to carry out ploysaccharide synthesis and modification in the Golgi apparatus. However, the regulation of cell wall synthesis by NSTs remains undescribed. Recently, we have reported the functional characterization of Oryza sativa nucleotide sugar transport (Osnst1) mutant and its corresponding gene. OsNST1/BC14 is localized in the Golgi apparatus and transports UDP-glucose. This mutant provides us with a unique opportunity for evaluation of its abroad impacts on cell wall structure and components. We previously examined cell wall composition of bc14 and wild type plants. Here, the spatial distribution of these cell wall alterations was analyzed by immunolabeling approach. Analysis of the sugar yield in different cell wall fractions indicated that this mutation improves the extractability of cell wall components. Field emission scanning electron microscopy further showed that the orientation of microfibrils in bc14 is irregular when compared to that in wild type. Therefore, this UDP-glucose transporter, making substrates available for polysaccharide biosynthesis, plays a critical role in maintaining cell wall integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Parry MAJ, Jing HC. Bioenergy plants: Hopes, concerns and prospectives. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 53:94-95. [PMID: 21205192 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.01029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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