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Rezaul Islam M, Akash S, Murshedul Islam M, Sarkar N, Kumer A, Chakraborty S, Dhama K, Ahmed Al-Shaeri M, Anwar Y, Wilairatana P, Rauf A, Halawani IF, Alzahrani FM, Khan H. Alkaloids as drug leads in Alzheimer's treatment: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148886. [PMID: 38582413 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has few effective treatment options and continues to be a major global health concern. AD is a neurodegenerative disease that typically affects elderly people. Alkaloids have potential sources for novel drug discovery due to their diverse chemical structures and pharmacological activities. Alkaloids, natural products with heterocyclic nitrogen-containing structures, are considered potential treatments for AD. This review explores the neuroprotective properties of alkaloids in AD, focusing on their ability to regulate pathways such as amyloid-beta aggregation, oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation. The FDA has approved alkaloids such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors like galantamine and rivastigmine. This article explores AD's origins, current market medications, and clinical applications of alkaloids in AD therapy. This review explores the development of alkaloid-based drugs for AD, focusing on pharmacokinetics, blood-brain barrier penetration, and potential adverse effects. Future research should focus on the clinical evaluation of promising alkaloids, developing recently discovered alkaloids, and the ongoing search for novel alkaloids for medical treatment. A pharmaceutical option containing an alkaloid may potentially slow down the progression of AD while enhancing its symptoms. This review highlights the potential of alkaloids as valuable drug leads in treating AD, providing a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms of action and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Murshedul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Nadia Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Ajoy Kumer
- Laboratory of Computational Research for Drug Design and Material Science, Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, 4 Embankment Drive Road, Sector 10, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- State Disease Investigation Laboratory, ARDD, Abhoynagar, Agartala, West Tripura, Pin-799005, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Majed Ahmed Al-Shaeri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim F Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200 Mardan, Pakistan.
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Islam MR, Jony MH, Thufa GK, Akash S, Dhar PS, Rahman MM, Afroz T, Ahmed M, Hemeg HA, Rauf A, Thiruvengadam M, Venkidasamy B. A clinical study and future prospects for bioactive compounds and semi-synthetic molecules in the therapies for Huntington's disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1237-1270. [PMID: 37698833 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
A neurodegenerative disorder (ND) refers to Huntington's disease (HD) which affects memory loss, weight loss, and movement dysfunctions such as chorea and dystonia. In the striatum and brain, HD most typically impacts medium-spiny neurons. Molecular genetics, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial, and metabolic dysfunction are a few of the theories advanced to explicit the pathophysiology of neuronal damage and cell death. Numerous in-depth studies of the literature have supported the therapeutic advantages of natural products in HD experimental models and other treatment approaches. This article briefly discusses the neuroprotective impacts of natural compounds against HD models. The ability of the discovered natural compounds to suppress HD was tested using either in vitro or in vivo models. Many bioactive compounds considerably lessened the memory loss and motor coordination brought on by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). Reduced lipid peroxidation, increased endogenous enzymatic antioxidants, reduced acetylcholinesterase activity, and enhanced mitochondrial energy generation have profoundly decreased the biochemical change. It is significant since histology showed that therapy with particular natural compounds lessened damage to the striatum caused by 3-NP. Moreover, natural products displayed varying degrees of neuroprotection in preclinical HD studies because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, maintenance of mitochondrial function, activation of autophagy, and inhibition of apoptosis. This study highlighted about the importance of bioactive compounds and their semi-synthetic molecules in the treatment and prevention of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maruf Hossain Jony
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Gazi Kaifeara Thufa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Puja Sutra Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Afroz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muniruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medinah Al-Monawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pukhtanukha, Pakistan.
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India.
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3
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Ivanov A, Shamagsumova R, Larina M, Evtugyn G. Electrochemical Acetylcholinesterase Sensors for Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Drug Determination. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:93. [PMID: 38392012 PMCID: PMC10886970 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and Alzheimer's disease (AD), as one of the most common causes of dementia, result in progressive losses of cholinergic neurons and a reduction in the presynaptic markers of the cholinergic system. These consequences can be compensated by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) followed by a decrease in the rate of acetylcholine hydrolysis. For this reason, anticholinesterase drugs with reversible inhibition effects are applied for the administration of neurodegenerative diseases. Their overdosage, variation in efficiency and recommendation of an individual daily dose require simple and reliable measurement devices capable of the assessment of the drug concentration in biological fluids and medications. In this review, the performance of electrochemical biosensors utilizing immobilized cholinesterases is considered to show their advantages and drawbacks in the determination of anticholinesterase drugs. In addition, common drugs applied in treating neurodegenerative diseases are briefly characterized. The immobilization of enzymes, nature of the signal recorded and its dependence on the transducer modification are considered and the analytical characteristics of appropriate biosensors are summarized for donepezil, huperzine A, rivastigmine, eserine and galantamine as common anti-dementia drugs. Finally, the prospects for the application of AChE-based biosensors in clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Ivanov
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (R.S.); (G.E.)
| | - Rezeda Shamagsumova
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (R.S.); (G.E.)
| | - Marina Larina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Gennady Evtugyn
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (R.S.); (G.E.)
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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V M A, Suresh S, Kumar A, K P, N M R, Rangappa S, Murthy SN, H N S. Overcoming challenges in dermal and transdermal delivery of herbal therapeutics with polymeric microneedles. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:364-396. [PMID: 37982815 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2286033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Natural products are generally preferred medications owing to their low toxicity and irritancy potential. However, a good number of herbal therapeutics (HT) exhibit solubility, permeability and stability issues that eventually affect oral bioavailability. Transdermal administration has been successful in resolving some of these issues which has lead in commercialization of a few herbal transdermal products. Polymeric Microneedles (MNs) has emerged as a promising platform in transdermal delivery of HT that face problems in permeating the skin. Several biocompatible and biodegradable polymers used in the fabrication of MNs have been discussed. MNs have been exploited for cutaneous delivery of HT in management of skin ailments like skin cancer, acne, chronic wounds and hypertrophic scar. Considering the clinical need, MNs are explored for systemic delivery of potent HT for management of diverse disorders like asthma, disorders of central nervous system and nicotine replacement as it obviates first pass metabolism and elicits a quicker onset of therapeutic response. MNs of HT have found good number of aesthetic applications in topical delivery of HT to the skin. Interestingly, MNs have emerged as an attractive option as a minimally invasive diagnostic aid in sampling biomarkers from plants, skin and ocular interstitial fluid. The review updates the progress made by MN technology of HT for multiple therapeutic interventions along with the future challenges. An attempt is made to illustrate the challenging formulation strategies employed in the fabrication of polymeric MNs of HT. Efforts are on to extend the potential applications of polymeric MNs to HT for diverse therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha V M
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sarasija Suresh
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Avichal Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, KLE College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, India
| | - Paranjyothy K
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Reena N M
- Topical Products Testing LLC, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - S Narasimha Murthy
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bengaluru, India
- Topical Products Testing LLC, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Shivakumar H N
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, KLE College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, India
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Dang TK, Hong SM, Dao VT, Tran PTT, Tran HT, Do GH, Hai TN, Nguyet Pham HT, Kim SY. Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of alkaloid-enriched extract from Huperzia serrata on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:135-143. [PMID: 36617895 PMCID: PMC9833413 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2159450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alkaloid-enriched extract of Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trevis (Lycopodiaceae) (HsAE) can potentially be used to manage neuronal disorders. OBJECTIVE This study determines the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of HsAE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS BV-2 cells were pre- or post-treated with different concentrations of HsAE (25-150 µg/mL) for 30 min before or after LPS induction. Cell viability was assessed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and no cytotoxicity was found. Nitric oxide (NO) concentration was determined using Griess reagent. The levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were analyzed using western blotting. RESULTS HsAE reduced LPS-induced NO production with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 99.79 and 92.40 µg/mL at pre- and post-treatment, respectively. Pre-treatment with HsAE at concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 µg/mL completely inhibited the secretion of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β compared to post-treatment with HsAE. This suggests that prophylactic treatment is better than post-inflammation treatment. HsAE decreased the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 and attenuated the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors by downregulating the phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase in the MAPK signaling pathway. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS HsAE exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells, suggesting that it may be a potential candidate for the treatment of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Kim Dang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Seong-Min Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Vui Thi Dao
- HaNoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thi Thu Tran
- Department of Life Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hiep Tuan Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Giang Hoang Do
- Centre for Research and Technology Transfer, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Nguyen Hai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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6
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Phukan BC, Roy R, Gahatraj I, Bhattacharya P, Borah A. Therapeutic considerations of bioactive compounds in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: Dissecting the molecular pathways. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5657-5699. [PMID: 37823581 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Leading neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are characterized by the impairment of memory and motor functions, respectively. Despite several breakthroughs, there exists a lack of disease-modifying treatment strategies for these diseases, as the available drugs provide symptomatic relief and bring along side effects. Bioactive compounds are reported to bear neuroprotective properties with minimal toxicity, however, a detailed elucidation of their modes of neuroprotection is lacking. The review elucidates the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of some of the major phyto-compounds in pre-clinical and clinical studies of AD and PD to understand their potential in combating these diseases. Curcumin, eugenol, resveratrol, baicalein, sesamol and so on have proved efficient in countering the pathological hallmarks of AD and PD. Curcumin, resveratrol, caffeine and so on have reached the clinical phases of these diseases, while aromadendrin, delphinidin, cyanidin and xanthohumol are yet to be extensively explored in pre-clinical phases. The review highlights the need for extensive investigation of these compounds in the clinical stages of these diseases so as to utilize their disease-modifying abilities in the real field of treatment. Moreover, poor pharmacokinetic properties of natural compounds are constraints to their therapeutic yields and this review suggests a plausible contribution of nanotechnology in overcoming these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubina Roy
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Indira Gahatraj
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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7
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Rajah Kumaran K, Yunusa S, Perimal E, Wahab H, Müller CP, Hassan Z. Insights into the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease and Potential Therapeutic Targets: A Current Perspective. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:507-530. [PMID: 36502321 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aging population increases steadily because of a healthy lifestyle and medical advancements in healthcare. However, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming more common and problematic among older adults. AD-related cases show an increasing trend annually, and the younger age population may also be at risk of developing this disorder. AD constitutes a primary form of dementia, an irreversible and progressive brain disorder that steadily damages cognitive functions and the ability to perform daily tasks. Later in life, AD leads to death as a result of the degeneration of specific brain areas. Currently, the cause of AD is poorly understood, and there is no safe and effective therapeutic agent to cure or slow down its progression. The condition is entirely preventable, and no study has yet demonstrated encouraging findings in terms of treatment. Identifying this disease's pathophysiology can help researchers develop safe and efficient therapeutic strategies to treat this ailment. This review outlines and discusses the pathophysiology that resulted in the development of AD including amyloid-β plaques, tau neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, glutamate excitotoxicity, and changes in neurotrophins level may sound better based on the literature search from Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Potential therapeutic strategies are discussed to provide more insights into AD mechanisms by developing some possible pharmacological agents for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesevan Rajah Kumaran
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Halaman Bukit Gambir, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Suleiman Yunusa
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Bauchi State University Gadau, Bauchi State, Nigeria
| | - Enoch Perimal
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Habibah Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Christian P Müller
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Section of Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Section of Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Shin HJ, Lim YG, Ha JS, Yang G, Yook TH. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test of Verbenalin. J Pharmacopuncture 2022; 25:364-368. [PMID: 36628351 PMCID: PMC9806159 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2022.25.4.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Verbenalin is a compound found in herbs such as Cornus officinalis and Verbena officinalis. This study investigated whether verbenalin is safe by analyzing its mutagenicity. Methods To examine the mutagenic potential of verbenalin, a bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test) was conducted with Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli strains. Experiments with and without metabolic activity were performed. Results The mean colony number was less than double that of the control. Growth inhibition and precipitation of verbenalin were not apparent in all strains at different concentrations regardless of metabolic activity. Conclusion Verbenalin did not show any signs of mutagenicity in this study. Additional toxicity studies including repeated oral toxicity, reproductive toxicity, and carcinogenicity tests are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Shin
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Gun Lim
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Ha
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabsik Yang
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Han Yook
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Author Tae Han Yook, Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, 61 Seonneomeo 3-gil, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 54986, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-63-220-8625, E-mail:
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Disease-Modifying Activity of Huperzine A on Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence from Preclinical Studies on Rodent Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315238. [PMID: 36499562 PMCID: PMC9738397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Huperzine A, a natural cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor isolated from the Chinese herb Huperzia Serrata, has been used as a dietary supplement in the United States and a drug in China for therapeutic intervention on Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review aims to determine whether Huperzine A exerts disease-modifying activity through systematic analysis of preclinical studies on rodent AD models. (2) Methods: Sixteen preclinical studies were included based on specific criteria, and the methodological qualities were analyzed by SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. Some outcomes were meta-analyzed: latencies and time spent in quadrant of Morris water maze, soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) level measured by ELISA in the cortex and hippocampus, Aβ plaque numbers measured by immunohistochemistry in hippocampus, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and AChE activity. Finally, the mechanisms of Huperzine A on AD models were summarized. (3) Conclusions: The outcomes showed that Huperzine A displayed AChE inhibition, ChAT activity enhancement, memory improvement, and Aβ decreasing activity, indicating the disease-modifying effect of Huperzine A. However, due to the uneven methodological quality, the results need to be rationally viewed, and extensively repeated.
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10
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Hou JJ, Zhang ZJ, Wu WY, He QQ, Zhang TQ, Liu YW, Wang ZJ, Gao L, Long HL, Lei M, Wu WY, Guo DA. Mass spectrometry imaging: new eyes on natural products for drug research and development. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:3096-3111. [PMID: 36229602 PMCID: PMC9712638 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) and their structural analogs represent a major source of novel drug development for disease prevention and treatment. The development of new drugs from NPs includes two crucial aspects. One is the discovery of NPs from medicinal plants/microorganisms, and the other is the evaluation of the NPs in vivo at various physiological and pathological states. The heterogeneous spatial distribution of NPs in medicinal plants/microorganisms or in vivo can provide valuable information for drug development. However, few molecular imaging technologies can detect thousands of compounds simultaneously on a label-free basis. Over the last two decades, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) methods have progressively improved and diversified, thereby allowing for the development of various applications of NPs in plants/microorganisms and in vivo NP research. Because MSI allows for the spatial mapping of the production and distribution of numerous molecules in situ without labeling, it provides a visualization tool for NP research. Therefore, we have focused this mini-review on summarizing the applications of MSI technology in discovering NPs from medicinal plants and evaluating NPs in preclinical studies from the perspective of new drug research and development (R&D). Additionally, we briefly reviewed the factors that should be carefully considered to obtain the desired MSI results. Finally, the future development of MSI in new drug R&D is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jun Hou
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zi-Jia Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wen-Yong Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qing-Qing He
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Teng-Qian Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua-Li Long
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Lei
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wan-Ying Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - De-An Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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11
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Cuevas FC, Bastias D, Alanis C, Benitez A, Squicciarini V, Riquelme R, Sessenhausen P, Mayerhofer A, Lara HE. Muscarinic receptors in the rat ovary are involved in follicular development but not in steroid secretion. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15474. [PMID: 36325585 PMCID: PMC9630765 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) may be involved in the regulation of ovarian functions. A previous systemic study in rats showed that a 4-week, intrabursal local delivery of the ACh-esterase blocker Huperzine-A increased intraovarian ACh levels and changed ovarian follicular development, as evidenced by increased healthy antral follicle numbers and corpora lutea, as well as enhanced fertility. To further characterize the ovarian cholinergic system in the rat, we studied whether innervation may contribute to intraovarian ACh. We explored the cellular distribution of three muscarinic receptors (MRs; M1, M3, and M5), analyzed the involvement of MRs in ovarian steroidogenesis, and examined their roles in ovarian follicular development in normal conditions and in animals exposed to stressful conditions by employing the muscarinic antagonist, atropine. Denervation studies decreased ovarian norepinephrine, but ovarian ACh was not affected, evidencing a local, nonneuronal source of ACh. M1 was located on granulosa cells (GCs), especially in large antral follicles. M5 was associated with the ovarian vascular system and only traces of M3 were found. Ex vivo ovary organo-typic incubations showed that the MR agonist Carbachol did not modify steroid production or expression of steroid biosynthetic enzymes. Intrabursal, in vivo application of atropine (an MR antagonist) for 4 weeks, however, increased atresia of the secondary follicles. The results support the existence of an intraovarian cholinergic system in the rat ovary, located mainly in follicular GCs, which is not involved in steroid production but rather via MRs exerts trophic functions and regulates follicular atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C Cuevas
- Centre for Neurobiochemical Studies in Neuroendocrine Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Bastias
- Centre for Neurobiochemical Studies in Neuroendocrine Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Alanis
- Centre for Neurobiochemical Studies in Neuroendocrine Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Agustin Benitez
- Centre for Neurobiochemical Studies in Neuroendocrine Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Squicciarini
- Centre for Neurobiochemical Studies in Neuroendocrine Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raul Riquelme
- Centre for Neurobiochemical Studies in Neuroendocrine Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pia Sessenhausen
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hernan E Lara
- Centre for Neurobiochemical Studies in Neuroendocrine Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Huang BB, Zhao YL, Lei K, Zhong LR, Yang X, Yao ZJ. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Sieboldine A and Analogues Thereof. Org Lett 2022; 24:7517-7521. [PMID: 36214606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An 11-step enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-sieboldine A (1) has been accomplished from (5R)-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (16), in which an intramolecular ketone/ester reductive coupling followed by one-pot acidic treatment to quickly construct the unique oxa-spiroacetal and a TsOH-catalyzed displacement to directly form the characteristic N-hydroxyazacyclononane ring successfully served as the key methodologies. Moreover, several full-skeleton analogues of 1 were also synthesized on the basis of the advanced intermediates, and their inhibitory effects on electric eel acetylcholinesterase were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Bing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yi-Lu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Kaiyu Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Lin-Rui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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13
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Asgharian P, Quispe C, Herrera-Bravo J, Sabernavaei M, Hosseini K, Forouhandeh H, Ebrahimi T, Sharafi-Badr P, Tarhriz V, Soofiyani SR, Helon P, Rajkovic J, Durna Daştan S, Docea AO, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Koch W, Cho WC. Pharmacological effects and therapeutic potential of natural compounds in neuropsychiatric disorders: An update. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:926607. [PMID: 36188551 PMCID: PMC9521271 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.926607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric diseases are a group of disorders that cause significant morbidity and disability. The symptoms of psychiatric disorders include anxiety, depression, eating disorders, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and conduct disorder. Various medicinal plants are frequently used as therapeutics in traditional medicine in different parts of the world. Nowadays, using medicinal plants as an alternative medication has been considered due to their biological safety. Despite the wide range of medications, many patients are unable to tolerate the side effects and eventually lose their response. By considering the therapeutic advantages of medicinal plants in the case of side effects, patients may prefer to use them instead of chemical drugs. Today, the use of medicinal plants in traditional medicine is diverse and increasing, and these plants are a precious heritage for humanity. Investigation about traditional medicine continues, and several studies have indicated the basic pharmacology and clinical efficacy of herbal medicine. In this article, we discuss five of the most important and common psychiatric illnesses investigated in various studies along with conventional therapies and their pharmacological therapies. For this comprehensive review, data were obtained from electronic databases such as MedLine/PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, EMBASE, DynaMed Plus, ScienceDirect, and TRIP database. Preclinical pharmacology studies have confirmed that some bioactive compounds may have beneficial therapeutic effects in some common psychiatric disorders. The mechanisms of action of the analyzed biocompounds are presented in detail. The bioactive compounds analyzed in this review are promising phytochemicals for adjuvant and complementary drug candidates in the pharmacotherapy of neuropsychiatric diseases. Although comparative studies have been carefully reviewed in the preclinical pharmacology field, no clinical studies have been found to confirm the efficacy of herbal medicines compared to FDA-approved medicines for the treatment of mental disorders. Therefore, future clinical studies are needed to accelerate the potential use of natural compounds in the management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parina Asgharian
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santo Tomas, Chile
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mahsa Sabernavaei
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haleh Forouhandeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Ebrahimi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Paria Sharafi-Badr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - Paweł Helon
- Branch in Sandomierz, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Sandomierz, Poland
| | - Jovana Rajkovic
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
- Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Vahideh Tarhriz, ; Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani, ; Jovana Rajkovic, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Daniela Calina, ; Wojciech Koch, ; William C. Cho,
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14
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Bandyopadhyay A, Dey A. Medicinal pteridophytes: ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and clinical attributes. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Almost from the very beginning of human existence, man has been interacting with plants. Throughout human history, plants have provided humans with basic needs such as sustenance, firewood, livestock feed, and wood. The world has approximately 3 million vascular plants. The treatment of primary health problems is provided primarily by traditional medicines by around 80% of the world's population. Compared to other vascular plants, pteridophytes remain underexplored in ethnobotanical aspects, despite being regarded as a valuable component of healthcare for centuries. As an alternative medicine, pteridophytes are being investigated for their pharmacological activity. Almost 2000 years ago, humans were exploring and using plant species from this lineage because of its beneficial properties since pteridophytes were the first vascular plants.
Main body of the abstract
All popular search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus were searched to retrieve the relevant literature using various search strings relevant to the topic. Pteridophytes belonging to thirty different families have been documented as medicinal plants. For instance, Selaginella sp. has been demonstrated to have numerous therapeutic properties, including antioxidative, inflammation-reducing, anti-carcinogenic, diabetes-fighting, virucidal, antibacterial, and anti-senile dementia effects. In addition, clinical trials and studies performed on pteridophytes and derived compounds are also discussed in details.
Short conclusion
This review offers a compilation of therapeutically valuable pteridophytes utilized by local ethnic groups, as well as the public.
Graphical Abstract
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15
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UHPLC-HRMS study of pharmacokinetics of a novel hybrid cholinesterase inhibitor K1234: A comparison between in silico, in vitro and in vivo data. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Mehdi A, Lamiae B, Samira B, Ramchoun M, Abdelouahed K, Tamas F, Hicham B. Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Attenuates Neuroinflammation Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Foods 2022; 11:2570. [PMID: 36076756 PMCID: PMC9455244 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Food scientists have studied the many health benefits of polyphenols against pernicious human diseases. Evidence from scientific studies has shown that earlier healthy lifestyle changes, particularly in nutrition patterns, can reduce the burden of age-related diseases. In this context, a large number of plant-derived components belonging to the class of polyphenols have been reported to possess neuroprotective benefits. In this review, we examined studies on the effect of dietary polyphenols, notably from Punica granatum L., on neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer's disease, which is symptomatically characterized by impairment of cognitive functions. Clinical trials are in favor of the role of some polyphenols in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and attenuating clinical presentations of the disease. However, discrepancies in study design often bring inconsistent findings on the same component and display differences in their effectiveness due to interindividual variability, bioavailability in the body after administration, molecular structures, cross-blood-brain barrier, and signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Based on preclinical and clinical trials, it appears that pomegranate may prove valuable in treating neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, due to the lack of information on human clinical trials, future in-depth studies, focusing on human beings, of several bioactive components of pomegranate's polyphenols and their synergic effects should be carried out to evaluate their curative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alami Mehdi
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Benchagra Lamiae
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Boulbaroud Samira
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Mhamed Ramchoun
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Khalil Abdelouahed
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada
| | - Fulop Tamas
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada
| | - Berrougui Hicham
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada
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17
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Atanasova M, Dimitrov I, Ivanov S, Georgiev B, Berkov S, Zheleva-Dimitrova D, Doytchinova I. Virtual Screening and Hit Selection of Natural Compounds as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Molecules 2022; 27:3139. [PMID: 35630613 PMCID: PMC9145144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is one of the classical targets in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibition of AChE slows down the hydrolysis of acetycholine and increases choline levels, improving the cognitive function. The achieved success of plant-based natural drugs acting as AChE inhibitors, such as galantamine (GAL) from Galanthus genus and huperzine A from Huperzia serrate (approved drug in China), in the treatment of AD, and the fact that natural compounds (NCs) are considered as safer and less toxic compared to synthetic drugs, led us to screen the available NCs (almost 150,000) in the ZINC12 database for AChE inhibitory activity. The compounds were screened virtually by molecular docking, filtered for suitable ADME properties, and 32 ligands from 23 structural groups were selected. The stability of the complexes was estimated via 1 μs molecular dynamics simulation. Ten compounds formed stable complexes with the enzyme and had a vendor and a reasonable price per mg. They were tested for AChE inhibitory and antioxidant activity. Five compounds showed weak AChE inhibition and three of them exhibited high antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyana Atanasova
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.D.); (S.I.); (D.Z.-D.); (I.D.)
| | - Ivan Dimitrov
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.D.); (S.I.); (D.Z.-D.); (I.D.)
| | - Stefan Ivanov
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.D.); (S.I.); (D.Z.-D.); (I.D.)
- Redesign Science, 180 Varick St, New York, NY 10014, USA
| | - Borislav Georgiev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Strahil Berkov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Dimitrina Zheleva-Dimitrova
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.D.); (S.I.); (D.Z.-D.); (I.D.)
| | - Irini Doytchinova
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.D.); (S.I.); (D.Z.-D.); (I.D.)
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18
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Dietary and nutraceutical-based therapeutic approaches to combat the pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
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19
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Elghazawy NH, Zaafar D, Hassan RR, Mahmoud MY, Bedda L, Bakr AF, Arafa RK. Discovery of New 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles with Dual Activity Targeting the Cholinergic Pathway as Effective Anti-Alzheimer Agents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1187-1205. [PMID: 35377601 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding an effective anti-Alzheimer agent is quite challenging due to its multifactorial nature. As such, multitarget directed ligands (MTDLs) could be a promising paradigm for finding potential therapeutically effective new small-molecule bioactive agents against Alzheimer's disease (AD). We herein present the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new series of compounds based on a 5-pyrid-3-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffold. Our synthesized compounds displayed excellent in vitro enzyme inhibitory activity at nanomolar (nM) concentrations against two major AD disease-modifying targets, i.e., acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Among our compounds, 5e was considered the best dual inhibitor of both AChE (IC50 = 50.87 nM) and BuChE (IC50 = 4.77 nM), where these values surpassed those of rivastagmine (the only FDA-approved dual AChE and BuChE inhibitor) in our study. Furthermore, in vivo and ex vivo testing of the hit compound 5e highlighted its significant AD-biotargeting effects including reducing the elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH), normalizing levels of 8-OHdG, and, most importantly, decreasing the levels of the well-known AD hallmark β-amyloid protein. Finally, the binding ability of 5e to each of our targets, AChE and BuChE, was confirmed through additional molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that reflected good interactions of 5e to the active site of both targets. Hence, we herein present a series of new 1,3,4-oxadiazoles that are promising leads for the development of dual-acting AChE and BuChE inhibitors for the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal H. Elghazawy
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, Cairo 12578, Egypt
| | - Dalia Zaafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 12055, Egypt
| | - Reham R. Hassan
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, Cairo 12578, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y. Mahmoud
- Department of Toxicology, Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Regulations, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Loay Bedda
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, Cairo 12578, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, Cairo 12578, Egypt
| | - Alaa F. Bakr
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Reem K. Arafa
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, Cairo 12578, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, Cairo 12578, Egypt
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20
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DİKEN ME, YILMAZ B. Inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and toxicity analysis of some medicinal plants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2022. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.1032863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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21
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Xia Y, Wu Q, Mak S, Liu EYL, Zheng BZY, Dong TTX, Pi R, Tsim KWK. Regulation of acetylcholinesterase during the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in microglial cells. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22189. [PMID: 35129858 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101302rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The non-classical function of acetylcholine (ACh) has been reported in neuroinflammation that represents the modulating factor in immune responses via activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR), i.e., a cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme for ACh hydrolysis, has been proposed to have a non-classical function in immune cells. However, the involvement of AChE in neuroinflammation is unclear. Here, cultured BV2 cell, a microglial cell line, and primary microglia from rats were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation and to explore the regulation of AChE during this process. The expression profiles of AChE, α7 nAChR, and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were revealed in BV2 cells. The expression of AChE (G4 form) was induced significantly in LPS-treated BV2 cells: the induction was triggered by NF-κB and cAMP signaling. Moreover, ACh or α7 nAChR agonist suppressed the LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the phagocytosis of microglia, by activating α7 nAChR and followed by the regulation of NF-κB and CREB signaling. The ACh-induced suppression of inflammation was abolished in AChE overexpressed cells, but did not show a significant change in AChE mutant (enzymatic activity knockout) transfected cells. These results indicate that the neuroinflammation-regulated function of AChE may be mediated by controlling the ACh level in the brain system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Xia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiyun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shinghung Mak
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Etta Y L Liu
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brody Z Y Zheng
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina T X Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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22
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A Synopsis of Multitarget Potential Therapeutic Effects of Huperzine A in Diverse Pathologies-Emphasis on Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1166-1182. [PMID: 35122609 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous challenges are confronted when it comes to the recognition of therapeutic agents for treating complex neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The perplexing pathogenicity of AD embodies cholinergic dysfunction, amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation, neurofibrillary tangle formation, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial disruption along with vicious production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating oxidative stress. In this frame of reference, drugs with multi target components could prove more advantageous to counter complex pathological mechanisms that are responsible for AD progression. For as much as, medicinal plant based pharmaco-therapies are emerging as potential candidates for AD treatment keeping the efficacy and safety parameters in terms of toxicity and side effects into consideration. Huperzine A (Hup A) is a purified alkaloid compound extracted from a club moss called Huperzia serrata. Several studies have reported both cholinergic and non-cholinergic effects of this compound on AD with significant neuroprotective properties. The present review convenes cumulative demonstrations of neuroprotection provided by Hup A in in vitro, in vivo, and human studies in various pathologies. The underlying molecular mechanisms of its actions have also been discussed. However, more profound evidence would certainly promote the therapeutic implementation of this drug thus furnishing decisive insights into AD therapeutics and various other pathologies along with preventive and curative management.
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23
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Som S, Antony J, Dhanabal SP, Ponnusankar S. Neuroprotective role of Diosgenin, a NGF stimulator, against Aβ (1-42) induced neurotoxicity in animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:359-372. [PMID: 35023028 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00880-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin is a neurosteroid derived from the plants and has been previously reported for its numerous health beneficial properties, such as anti-arrhythmic, hypolipidemic, and antiproliferative effects. Although several studies conducted earlier suggested cognition enhancement actions of diosgenin against neurodegenerative disorders, but the molecular mechanisms underlying are not clearly understood. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of diosgenin in the Wistar rats that received an intracerebroventricular injection of Amyloid-β (1-42) peptides, representing a rodent model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Animals were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg/p.o of diosgenin for 28 days, followed by Amyloid-β (1-42) peptides infusion. Animals were assessed for the spatial learning and memory by using radial arm maze and passive avoidance task. Subsequently, animals were euthanized and brains were collected for biochemical estimations and histopathological studies. Our results revealed that, diosgenin administration dose dependently improved the spatial learning and memory and protected the animals from Amyloid-β (1-42) peptides induced disrupted cognitive functions. Further, biochemical analysis showed that diosgenin successfully attenuated Amyloid-β (1-42) mediated plaque load, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and elevated acetylcholinesterase activity. In addition, histopathological evaluation also supported neuroprotective effects of diosgenin in hippocampus of rat brain when assessed using hematoxylin-eosin and Cresyl Violet staining. Thus, the aforementioned effects suggested protective action of diosgenin against Aβ (1-42) induced neuronal damage and thereby can serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Som
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty-643001, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Justin Antony
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty-643001, Tamilnadu, India
| | - SPalanisamy Dhanabal
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty-643001, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sivasankaran Ponnusankar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty-643001, Tamilnadu, India.
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24
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Liu J, Ha W, Zhang HX, Shi YP. Hollow urchin-shaped manganese dioxide microspheres immobilized acetylcholinesterase for rapid screening inhibitors from traditional herbal medicines. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1665:462824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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25
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Phuna ZX, Madhavan P. A CLOSER LOOK AT THE MYCOBIOME IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: FUNGAL SPECIES, PATHOGENESIS AND TRANSMISSION. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1291-1321. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xin Phuna
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University Malaysia Subang Jaya Selangor
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University Malaysia Subang Jaya Selangor
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26
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Amat-ur-Rasool H, Ahmed M, Hasnain S, Ahmed A, Carter WG. In Silico Design of Dual-Binding Site Anti-Cholinesterase Phytochemical Heterodimers as Treatment Options for Alzheimer’s Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 44:152-175. [PMID: 35723391 PMCID: PMC8929005 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD), continues to grow yearly. Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) represent the first-line symptomatic drug treatment for mild-to-moderate AD; however, there is an unmet need to produce ChEIs with improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Herein, phytochemicals with reported anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were ranked in silico for their anti-AChE potential. Ligands with a similar or higher binding affinity to AChE than galantamine were then selected for the design of novel dual-binding site heterodimeric drugs. In silico molecular docking of heterodimers with the target enzymes, AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), were performed, and anti-cholinesterase binding affinities were compared with donepezil. Drug-likeliness properties and toxicity of the heterodimers were assessed using the SwissADME and ProTox-II webservers. Nine phytochemicals displayed similar or higher binding affinities to AChE than galantamine: sanguinarine > huperzine A > chelerythrine > yohimbine > berberine > berberastine > naringenin > akuammicine > carvone. Eleven heterodimeric ligands were designed with phytochemicals separated by four- or five-carbon alkyl-linkers. All heterodimers were theoretically potent AChE and BuChE dual-binding site inhibitors, with the highest affinity achieved with huperzine-4C-naringenin, which displayed 34% and 26% improved affinity to AChE and BuChE, respectively, then the potent ChEI drug, donepezil. Computational pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic screening suggested that phytochemical heterodimers would display useful gastrointestinal absorption and with relatively low predicted toxicity. Collectively, the present study suggests that phytochemicals could be garnered for the provision of novel ChEIs with enhanced drug efficacy and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Amat-ur-Rasool
- School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK;
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Mehboob Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Shahida Hasnain
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Abrar Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Wayne Grant Carter
- School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-1332-724738
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27
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Sun CH, Jiang WL, Cai DB, Wang ZM, Sim K, Ungvari GS, Huang X, Zheng W, Xiang YT. Adjunctive multi-session transcranial direct current stimulation for neurocognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 66:102887. [PMID: 34740126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Findings of multi-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as an adjunctive treatment of neurocognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia have been inconsistent. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the neurocognitive effects of adjunctive multi-session tDCS for schizophrenia. Twelve RCTs covering 418 schizophrenia patients were included and analyzed in this meta-analysis. The RevMan software (Version 5.3) was used to calculate risk ratios (RRs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Adjunctive tDCS outperformed the comparator in improving working memory deficits (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.65; I2 = 52%; p = 0.03), but no significant effects were found in other cognitive domains. No group differences were found with regard to total psychopathology measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (SMD =-0.29, 95%CI: -0.61, 0.03; I2 = 50%, p = 0.07) and discontinuation due to any reason (RR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.39, 1.66; I2 = 9%, p = 0.56). Adjunctive tDCS appears to have a significant therapeutic effect improving the working memory deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Sun
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | | | - Dong-Bin Cai
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Xiong Huang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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28
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Lv J, Ji X, Li Z, Hao H. The role of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Scand J Immunol 2021; 94:e13092. [PMID: 34780075 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) is a classic neuroimmune pathway, consisting of the vagus nerve, acetylcholine (ACh)-the pivotal neurotransmitter of the vagus nerve-and its receptors. This pathway can activate and regulate the activities of immune cells, inhibit cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as suppress cytokine release, thereby playing an anti-inflammatory role, and widely involved in the occurrence and development of various diseases; recent studies have demonstrated that the CAP may be a new target for the treatment of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In this review, we will summarize the latest progress with the view of figuring out the role of the cholinergic pathway and how it interacts with inflammatory reactions in several autoimmune rheumatic diseases, and many advances are results from a wide range of experiments performed in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lv
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ji
- Basic Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Basic Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Huiqin Hao
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Basic Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
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29
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Zaki AG, El-Sayed ESR. New and potent production platform of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor huperzine A by gamma-irradiated Alternaria brassicae under solid-state fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8869-8880. [PMID: 34748037 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Huperzine-A (HupA) is an emerging, powerful, and promising natural acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Despite that, the achieved yields of HupA from microbial sources are still far from the industrial applications. Accordingly, this paper was conducted to valorize solid-state fermentation (SSF) as an efficient production platform of HupA. Four agro-industrial wastes, namely rice bran, potato peel, sugarcane bagasse, and wheat bran, were tested and screened as cultural substrates for the production of HupA by the endophytic Alternaria brassica under SSF. Maximum HupA production was attained on using rice bran moistened by Czapex's dox mineral broth. In the effort to increase the HupA titer, supplementation of the best moistening agent by different carbon and nitrogen sources was successfully investigated. Additionally, factors affecting HupA production under SSF including substrate concentration, moistening level, and inoculum concentration were optimized using response surface methodology. A Box-Behnken design was applied for generating a predictive model of the interactions between these factors. Under the optimum conditions of 15 g rice bran, inoculum concentration of 5 × 106 spores mL-1, and 60% moisture level, HupA concentration was intensified to 518.93 μg g-1. Besides, HupA production by the fungal strain was further enhanced using gamma-irradiation mutagenesis. The final HupA production was significantly intensified following exposure to 0.5 KGy gamma radiation to 1327 μg g-1, which represents a 12.85-fold increase. This is the first report on the successful production of the natural fungal metabolite HupA under SSF. Moreover, the achieved yield in this study using agro-industrial wastes may contribute to reducing the cost of HupA manufacture.Key points• Different agro-industrial by-products were tried as cultural substrates for the production of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor HupA under SSF for the first time.• Factors affecting HupA production under SSF were optimized using response surface methodology.• The final HupA production was intensified following exposure to gamma radiation recording 1327 μg g-1, which represents a 12.85-fold increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira G Zaki
- Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed R El-Sayed
- Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
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30
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Tarnawski L, Olofsson PS. Inflammation neuroscience: neuro-immune crosstalk and interfaces. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1352. [PMID: 34754449 PMCID: PMC8558388 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key process in antimicrobial defence and tissue repair, and failure to properly regulate inflammation can result in tissue damage and death. Neural circuits play important roles throughout the course of an inflammatory response, and the neurophysiological and molecular mechanisms are only partly understood. Here, we review key evidence for the neural regulation of inflammation and discuss emerging technologies to further map and harness this neurophysiology, a cornerstone in the rapidly evolving field of inflammation neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tarnawski
- Laboratory of ImmunobiologyDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Medicine, SolnaKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic MedicineMedTechLabsBioclinicumKarolinska University HospitalSolnaSweden
| | - Peder S Olofsson
- Laboratory of ImmunobiologyDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Medicine, SolnaKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic MedicineMedTechLabsBioclinicumKarolinska University HospitalSolnaSweden
- Institute of Bioelectronic MedicineFeinstein Institutes for Medical ResearchManhassetNYUSA
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31
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Choline-Based Multi-Ingredient Supplementation Can Improve Explosive Strength during a Fatiguing Task. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111400. [PMID: 34769925 PMCID: PMC8583572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Various choline-based multi-ingredient supplementations (CMS) have been suggested in the current market, but the research is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of a CMS on physical performance. Fourteen male college football players (20.4 ± 1.0 years) participated in a randomized double-blind crossover experiment separated by 7 days. Subjects were given a CMS or a placebo 60 min before physical performance testing measures, including maximum vertical jumps, maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC), maximal voluntary concentric contractions (MVCC), and fatiguing contractions. Four MVICs and seven sets of two MVCCs at various loads (1 N·m to 60% MVIC torque) were performed with the knee extensor muscles while seated on a dynamometer before and after the fatiguing tasks. During the fatiguing tasks, 120 MVCCs (4 sets × 30 reps) were performed with a load equivalent to 20% MVIC. Twitch interpolation technique was used to assess muscle contractile properties and voluntary activation. No significant differences were seen at baseline between sessions for all testing measures including vertical jump height, strength, power, muscle contractile properties and voluntary activation. Rate of torque development and impulse was higher in supplemental session compared to control session throughout the fatiguing contractions (p = 0.018, p < 0.001, respectively). Acute CMS can improve explosive strength by delaying the onset of fatigue.
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32
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Callizot N, Campanari ML, Rouvière L, Jacquemot G, Henriques A, Garayev E, Poindron P. Huperzia serrata Extract 'NSP01' With Neuroprotective Effects-Potential Synergies of Huperzine A and Polyphenols. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:681532. [PMID: 34526893 PMCID: PMC8435632 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.681532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trevis is widely used in traditional asiatic medicine to treat many central disorders including, schizophrenia, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The major alkaloid, Huperzine A (HA), of H. serrata is a well-known competitive reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with neuroprotective effects. Inspired by the tradition, we developed a green one-step method using microwave assisted extraction to generate an extract of H. serrata, called NSP01. This green extract conserves original neuropharmacological activity and chemical profile of traditional extract. The neuroprotective activity of NSP01 is based on a precise combination of three major constituents: HA and two phenolic acids, caffeic acid (CA) and ferulic acid (FA). We show that CA and FA potentiate HA-mediated neuroprotective activity. Importantly, the combination of HA with CA and FA does not potentiate the AChE inhibitory property of HA which is responsible for its adverse side effects. Collectively, these experimental findings demonstrated that NSP01, is a very promising plant extract for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Callizot
- Neuro-Sys SAS, Neuro-Pharmacology Department, Gardanne, France
| | - ML Campanari
- Neuro-Sys SAS, Neuro-Pharmacology Department, Gardanne, France
| | - L Rouvière
- Neuro-Sys SAS, Neuro-Pharmacology Department, Gardanne, France
| | | | - A. Henriques
- Neuro-Sys SAS, Neuro-Pharmacology Department, Gardanne, France
| | | | - P. Poindron
- Neuro-Sys SAS, Neuro-Pharmacology Department, Gardanne, France
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33
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Miao SX, Wan LX, He ZX, Zhou XL, Li X, Gao F. Pd-Catalyzed Direct Diversification of Natural Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Drug: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N-Aryl Huperzine A Analogues. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2374-2379. [PMID: 34445873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The first systematic direct diversification of a complex natural product by metal-catalyzed N-H functionalization was carried out. A new series of N-(hetero)aryl analogues (1-32) of the natural anti-Alzheimer's disease drug huperzine A (HPA) was prepared via palladium-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reactions of HPA with various aryl bromides in good yields. Most of the N-aryl-huperzine A (N-aryl-HPA) analogues showed good acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity in in vitro experiments. Three arylated huperzine A analogues (14, 19, and 30) exhibited stronger anti-AChE activity than HPA. The 5-methoxy-2-pyridyl analogue (30) displayed the most potent AChE inhibition activity, with an IC50 value of 1.5 μM, which was 7.6-fold more active than HPA. Compound 30 also exhibited better neuroprotective activity for H2O2-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells than HPA. Structure-activity relationship analysis suggested that the electron density of the installed aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring played a significant role in inducing the AChE inhibition activity. Overall, compound 30 showed the advantages of easy synthesis, high potency and selectivity, and improved neuroprotection, making it a potential huperzine-type lead compound for Alzheimer's disease drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xing Miao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Xi Wan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Xiang He
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Li Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohuan Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
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34
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Mohanty SK, Donnelly B, Temple H, Ortiz-Perez A, Mowery S, Lobeck I, Dupree P, Poling HM, McNeal M, Mourya R, Jenkins T, Bansal R, Bezerra J, Tiao G. High Mobility Group Box 1 Release by Cholangiocytes Governs Biliary Atresia Pathogenesis and Correlates With Increases in Afflicted Infants. Hepatology 2021; 74:864-878. [PMID: 33559243 PMCID: PMC8349381 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Biliary atresia (BA) is a devastating cholangiopathy of infancy. Upon diagnosis, surgical reconstruction by Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy (HPE) restores biliary drainage in a subset of patients, but most patients develop fibrosis and progress to end-stage liver disease requiring liver transplantation for survival. In the murine model of BA, rhesus rotavirus (RRV) infection of newborn pups results in a cholangiopathy paralleling that of human BA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an important member of the danger-associated molecular patterns capable of mediating inflammation during infection-associated responses. In this study, we investigated the role of HMGB1 in BA pathogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS In cholangiocytes, RRV induced the expression and release of HMGB1 through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and inhibition of p38 blocked HMGB1 release. Treatment of cholangiocytes with ethyl pyruvate suppressed the release of HMGB1. Administration of glycyrrhizin in vivo decreased symptoms and increased survival in the murine model of BA. HMGB1 levels were measured in serum obtained from infants with BA enrolled in the PROBE and START studies conducted by the Childhood Liver Disease Research Network. High HMGB1 levels were found in a subset of patients at the time of HPE. These patients had higher bilirubin levels 3 months post-HPE and a lower survival of their native liver at 2 years. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HMGB1 plays a role in virus induced BA pathogenesis and could be a target for therapeutic interventions in a subset of patients with BA and high HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit K Mohanty
- Department of Pediatric and Thoracic SurgeryCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH
| | - Bryan Donnelly
- Department of Pediatric and Thoracic SurgeryCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH
| | - Haley Temple
- Department of Pediatric and Thoracic SurgeryCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH
| | - Ana Ortiz-Perez
- Translational Liver ResearchDepartment of Medical Cell BiophysicsTechnical Medical CentreFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Sarah Mowery
- Department of Pediatric and Thoracic SurgeryCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH
| | - Inna Lobeck
- Department of Pediatric and Thoracic SurgeryCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH
| | - Phylicia Dupree
- Department of Pediatric and Thoracic SurgeryCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH
| | - Holly M Poling
- Department of Pediatric and Thoracic SurgeryCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH
| | - Monica McNeal
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH.,Division of Infectious DiseasesCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH
| | - Reena Mourya
- Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology & NutritionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH
| | - Todd Jenkins
- Department of Pediatric and Thoracic SurgeryCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Translational Liver ResearchDepartment of Medical Cell BiophysicsTechnical Medical CentreFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Jorge Bezerra
- Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology & NutritionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH
| | - Greg Tiao
- Department of Pediatric and Thoracic SurgeryCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH
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Vecchio I, Sorrentino L, Paoletti A, Marra R, Arbitrio M. The State of The Art on Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2021; 13:11795735211029113. [PMID: 34285627 PMCID: PMC8267037 DOI: 10.1177/11795735211029113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic disabling disease that affects the central nervous system. The main consequences of AD include the decline of cognitive functions and language disorders. One of the causes leading to AD is the decrease of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the brain, in part due to a higher activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme responsible for its degradation. Many acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), both natural and synthetic, have been developed and used through the years to counteract the progression of the disease. The first of such drugs approved for a therapeutic use was tacrine, that binds through a reversible bond to the enzyme. However, tacrine has since been withdrawn because of its adverse effects. Currently, donepezil and galantamine are very promising AChEIs with clinical benefits. Moreover, rivastigmine is considered a pseudo-irreversible compound with anti-AChE action, providing similar effects at the clinical level. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of what has been published over the last decade on the effectiveness of AChEIs in AD, analysing the most relevant issues under the clinical and methodological profiles and the consequent possible welfare effects for the whole world. Furthermore, novel drugs and possible therapeutic approaches are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Vecchio
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of the National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria Paoletti
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of the National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosario Marra
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of the National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of the National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
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Effects of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Lycopodium selago L. on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits in Zebrafish. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060568. [PMID: 34198639 PMCID: PMC8232138 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This scientific research focused on the production of hydroethanolic extract of the plant species Lycopodium selago L. (L. selago) by the ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) and the identification of biocompounds with high antioxidant activity is of interest for possible phytotherapeutic treatment against Alzheimer's disease (AD). The extract was phytochemically analyzed to investigate polyphenols, flavonoids, and identify the sesquiterpenoid alkaloid huperzine A (HupA), which is known in the literature for its great relevance in AD. Evaluation and comparison of the antioxidant activity of the extract were performed by four complementary spectrophotometric methods (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, ORAC). In vitro tests of the extract showed an excellent reciprocal link between the concentration of polyphenols and the measurement of the antioxidant activity of the extract with the sesquiterpenoid HupA. To confirm the antioxidant activity, L. selago hydroethanolic extract was administered in vivo to zebrafish (Danio rerio) with a pattern of scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. Moreover, this study explored a possible correlation between the expression of oxidative stress markers in the brain tissue with the behavior of the scopolamine zebrafish model. In vivo tests showed that this fern could be used as a nutritional supply and as a phytotherapeutic method to prevent or treat various neurodegenerative diseases that call for high-nutritive-value medications.
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Yan Q, Wang W, Weng J, Zhang Z, Yin L, Yang Q, Guo F, Wang X, Chen F, Yang G. Dissolving microneedles for transdermal delivery of huperzine A for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1147-1155. [PMID: 32729341 PMCID: PMC7470133 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1797240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly attention has been paid to the transdermal drug delivery systems with microneedles owing to their excellent compliance, high efficiency, and controllable drug release, therefore, become promising alternative with tremendous advantages for delivering specific drugs such as huperzine A (Hup A) for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) yet with low oral bioavailability. The purpose of the present study is to design, prepare, and evaluate a dissolving microneedle patch (DMNP) as a transdermal delivery system for the Hup A, investigating its in vitro drug release profiles and in vivo pharmacokinetics as well as pharmacodynamics treating of AD. Skin penetration experiments and intradermal dissolution tests showed that the blank DMNP could successfully penetrate the skin with an adequate depth and could be quickly dissolved within 5 min. In vitro transdermal release tests exhibited that more than 80% of the Hup A was accumulatively permeated from DMNP through the skin within three days, indicating a sustained release profile. In vivo pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that the DMNP group resulted in longer Tmax (twofold), longer t1/2 (fivefold), lower Cmax (3:4), and larger AUC(0–∞) (twofold), compared with the oral group at the same dose of Hup A. Pharmacodynamic research showed a significant improvement in cognitive function in AD rats treated with DMNP-Hup A and Oral-Hup A, as compared to the model group without treatment. Those results demonstrated that this predesigned DMNP is a promising alternative to deliver Hup A transdermally for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Particle Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Weng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Yin
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingliang Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Particle Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Burns, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Life Sciences School of Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gensheng Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Particle Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Talebi M, Kakouri E, Talebi M, Tarantilis PA, Farkhondeh T, İlgün S, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Samarghandian S. Nutraceuticals-based therapeutic approach: recent advances to combat pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:625-642. [PMID: 33910446 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1923479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease accompanying memory deficits. The available pharmaceutical care has some limitations mostly entailing side effects, shelf-life, and patient's compliance. The momentous implications of nutraceuticals in AD have attracted scientists. Several preclinical studies for the investigation of nutraceuticals have been conducted.Areas covered: This review focuses on the potential use of a nutraceuticals-based therapeutic approach to treat and prevent AD. Increasing knowledge of AD pathogenesis has led to the discovery of new therapeutic targets including pathophysiological mechanisms and various cascades. Hence, the present contribution will attend to the most popular and effective nutraceuticals with proposed brief mechanisms entailing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, autophagy regulation, mitochondrial homeostasis, and more. Therefore, even though the effectiveness of nutraceuticals cannot be dismissed, it is essential to do further high-quality randomized clinical trials.Expert opinion: According to the potential of nutraceuticals to combat AD as multi-target directed drugs, there is critical importance to assess them as feasible lead compounds for drug discovery and development. To the best of the authors' knowledge, modification of blood-brain barrier permeability, bioavailability, and features of randomized clinical trials should be considered in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eleni Kakouri
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States.,Food Safety Net Services, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Petros A Tarantilis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Selen İlgün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ali Mohammad Pourbagher-Shahri
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Yang Y, Wang H, Yu H, Zhang H, Zhang G, Chang R, Chen A. Simultaneous separation and determination of three huperzine alkaloids in Huperzia serrata and its preparations by cyclodextrin-modified mixed micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Anal Biochem 2021; 623:114207. [PMID: 33891962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a simple and sensitive cyclodextrin-modified mixed micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (CD-MEKC) method has been developed for the simultaneous separation and determination of Huperzine A (HupA), Huperzine B (HupB) and Huperzine C (HupC) in Huperzia serrata (H. serrata). The optimal conditions (pH 9.3) were composed of 10 mM sodium tetraborate solution, 40 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 50 mM sodium cholate (SC) and 3.0 mM mono-(6-ethylenediamine-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin (ED-β-CD). The separation and determination process were performed on a P/ACE MDQ capillary electrophoresis system, the separation voltage was 15 kV, the temperature was 25 °C and the detection wavelength was 308 nm. Under the optimum conditions, the migration time was less than 9 min. The LOD and LOQ were between 0.38 and 0.80 μg/mL and 1.2-2.3 μg/mL, respectively. The developed method, with excellent precision and accuracy, was applied for the determination of three alkaloids in H. serrata and its formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Haixia Yu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Hongfen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Guangbin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Ruimiao Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China.
| | - Anjia Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China.
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40
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Daley SK, Cordell GA. Biologically Significant and Recently Isolated Alkaloids from Endophytic Fungi. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:871-897. [PMID: 33534564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A selection of the established and recently characterized alkaloids from the exploration of plant- and some marine-associated endophytic fungi is reviewed, with reference to alkaloids of biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geoffrey A Cordell
- Natural Products Inc., Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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41
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Dymek A, Widelski J, Wojtanowski KK, Płoszaj P, Zhuravchak R, Mroczek T. Optimization of Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Lycopodiaceae Alkaloids Obtained from Two Lycopodium Species. Molecules 2021; 26:1626. [PMID: 33804083 PMCID: PMC7998095 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids of the Lycopodiaceae family are of great interest to researchers due to their numerous properties and wide applications in medicine. They play a very important role mainly due to their potent antioxidant, antidepressant effects and a reversible ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity. This property is of immense importance due to the growing problem of an increasing number of patients with neurodegenerative diseases in developed countries and a lack of effective and efficient treatment for them. Numerous studies have shown that Lycopodiaceae alkaloids are a rich source of AChE inhibitors. In the obtaining of new therapeutic phytochemicals from plant material, the extraction process and its efficiency is crucial. Therefore, the aim of this work was to optimize the conditions of modern PLE to obtain bioactive alkaloids from two Lycopodium species: L. clavatum L. and L. annotinum L. Five different solvents of different polarity were used for prepared plant extracts in order to compare the alkaloid content in and thereby effectiveness of the entire extraction. PLE parameters were used based on multiple studies conducted that gave the highest alkaloids recovery. Crude extracts were purified using solid-phase extraction (SPE) on Oasis HLB cartridge and examined by HPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS of the highly abundant alkaloids. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such high recoveries have been obtained for known Lycopodiaceae alkaloids. The best extraction results of alkaloid-lycopodine were detected in the dichloromethane extract from L. clavatum, where the yield exceeded 45%. The high recovery of annotinine above 40% presented in L. annotinum was noticed in dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts. Moreover, chromatograms were obtained with all isolated alkaloids and the best separation and quality of the bands in methanolic extracts. Interestingly, no alkaloid amounts were detected in cyclohexane extracts belonging to the non-polar solvent. These results could be helpful for understanding and optimizing the best conditions for isolating potent AChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Dymek
- Independent Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Jarosław Widelski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (K.K.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Kamil Wojtanowski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (K.K.W.)
| | - Paulina Płoszaj
- Independent Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Rostyslav Zhuravchak
- Rivnenskyi Nature Reserve, Natural Boundary “Rozvylka”, 34500 Sarny, Rivne Region, Ukraine;
| | - Tomasz Mroczek
- Independent Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.P.); (T.M.)
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42
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Singhal M, Serna C, Kalaria D, Kalia YN. Effect of continuous and multi-phasic current profiles on the iontophoretic transport of pramipexole, rasagiline and huperzine A: Depicting temporal variation and biodistribution in the skin. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120445. [PMID: 33675928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal iontophoresis is an interesting option for the non-invasive controlled delivery of therapeutic agents to treat neurodegenerative diseases. The current profile controls drug delivery kinetics and enables complex drug input profiles to be obtained. The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal variation in transport of pramipexole (PRA), rasagiline (RAS) and huperzine A (HUP) using continuous and multi-phasic current profiles by measuring cumulative permeation, transdermal flux and drug retention in the skin upon modulation of the applied current profile during a single experiment in vitro. Initial experiments with continuous current were conducted to establish a correlation between total delivery of PRA, RAS and HUP (i.e. sum of the cumulative permeation and skin deposition) and the amount of charge transferred. Subsequent experiments with multi-phasic current profiles, confirmed that the relationship between amounts of charge transferred and total delivery was able to predict the total delivery of each drug. Experimental values were within ± 15% of the predicted values. Current density and duration of current application were also shown to have a significant impact on the skin biodistribution of PRA. These results also provide insight into the rate of formation of iontophoretic drug reservoirs in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Singhal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - César Serna
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dhaval Kalaria
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yogeshvar N Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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43
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'An Apple a Day'?: Psychiatrists, Psychologists and Psychotherapists Report Poor Literacy for Nutritional Medicine: International Survey Spanning 52 Countries. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030822. [PMID: 33801454 PMCID: PMC8000813 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional interventions have beneficial effects on certain psychiatric disorder symptomatology and common physical health comorbidities. However, studies evaluating nutritional literacy in mental health professionals (MHP) are scarce. This study aimed to assess the across 52 countries. Surveys were distributed via colleagues and professional societies. Data were collected regarding self-reported general nutrition knowledge, nutrition education, learning opportunities, and the tendency to recommend food supplements or prescribe specific diets in clinical practice. In total, 1056 subjects participated in the study: 354 psychiatrists, 511 psychologists, 44 psychotherapists, and 147 MHPs in-training. All participants believed the diet quality of individuals with mental disorders was poorer compared to the general population (p < 0.001). The majority of the psychiatrists (74.2%) and psychologists (66.3%) reported having no training in nutrition. Nevertheless, many of them used nutrition approaches, with 58.6% recommending supplements and 43.8% recommending specific diet strategies to their patients. Only 0.8% of participants rated their education regarding nutrition as 'very good.' Almost all (92.9%) stated they would like to expand their knowledge regarding 'Nutritional Psychiatry.' There is an urgent need to integrate nutrition education into MHP training, ideally in collaboration with nutrition experts to achieve best practice care.
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Arya A, Chahal R, Rao R, Rahman MH, Kaushik D, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Khalifa SMA, El-Seedi HR, Kamel M, Albadrani GM, Abdel-Daim MM, Mittal V. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Potential of Various Sesquiterpene Analogues for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:350. [PMID: 33669097 PMCID: PMC7996600 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a gradually growing irreversible illness of the brain that almost affects every fifth person (aged > 80 years) in the world. World Health Organization (WHO) also revealed that the prevalence of this disease will enhance (upto double) significantly upto 2030. The poor cholinergic transmission at the synapse is considered to be one of the main reasons behind the progression and occurrence of this disorder. Natural inhibitors of acetylcholine (ACh) such as galanthamine and rivastigmine are used commercially in the treatmentof AD. The biomolecules such assesquiterpenes, possess a great structural diversity and are responsible for a plethora of pharmacological properties. The potential of various sesquiterpenes as anticholinesterase has been reviewed in this article. For this purpose, the various databases, mainly PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were investigatedwith different keywords such as "sesquiterpenes+acetylcholinesterase" and "sesquiterpenes+cholinesterase+inhibitors" in the surveyed time frame (2010-2020). A vast literature was evident in the last decade, which affirms the potential of various sesquiterpenes in the improvement of cholinergic transmission by inhibiting the AChE. After data analysis, it was found that 12 compounds out of a total of 58 sesquiterpenes were reported to possess IC50 < 9μM and can be considered as potential candidates for the improvement of learning and memory. Sesquiterpene is an important category of terpenoids, found to possess a large spectrum of biological activities. The outcome of the review clearly states that sesquiterpenes (such as amberboin, lipidiol,etc) from herbs could offer fresh, functional compounds for possible prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Arya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
| | - Rubal Chahal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
| | - Rekha Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambeshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26384, Korea
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore Campus, Riphah International University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shaden M A Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
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Zhou Y, Fu Y, Yin W, Li J, Wang W, Bai F, Xu S, Gong Q, Peng T, Hong Y, Zhang D, Zhang D, Liu Q, Xu Y, Xu HE, Zhang H, Jiang H, Liu H. Kinetics-Driven Drug Design Strategy for Next-Generation Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors to Clinical Candidate. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1844-1855. [PMID: 33570950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors remain key therapeutic drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the low-safety window limits their maximum therapeutic benefits. Here, a novel kinetics-driven drug design strategy was employed to discover new-generation AChE inhibitors that possess a longer drug-target residence time and exhibit a larger safety window. After detailed investigations, compound 12 was identified as a highly potent, highly selective, orally bioavailable, and brain preferentially distributed AChE inhibitor. Moreover, it significantly ameliorated cognitive impairments in different mouse models with a lower effective dose than donepezil. The X-ray structure of the cocrystal complex provided a precise binding mode between 12 and AChE. Besides, the data from the phase I trials demonstrated that 12 had good safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetic profiles at all preset doses in healthy volunteers, providing a solid basis for its further investigation in phase II trials for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanchao Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Bai
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiufeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yechun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H Eric Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Cui L, Noushahi HA, Zhang Y, Liu J, Cosoveanu A, Liu Y, Yan L, Zhang J, Shu S. Endophytic Fungal Community of Huperzia serrata: Diversity and Relevance to the Production of Huperzine A by the Plant Host. Molecules 2021; 26:892. [PMID: 33567664 PMCID: PMC7914787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the population ages globally, there seem to be more people with Alzheimer's disease. Unfortunately, there is currently no specific treatment for the disease. At present, Huperzine A (HupA) is one of the best drugs used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and has been used in clinical trials for several years in China. HupA was first separated from Huperzia serrata, a traditional medicinal herb that is used to cure fever, contusions, strains, hematuria, schizophrenia, and snakebite for several hundreds of years in China, and has been confirmed to have acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. With the very slow growth of H. serrata, resources are becoming too scarce to meet the need for clinical treatment. Some endophytic fungal strains that produce HupA were isolated from H. serrate in previous studies. In this article, the diversity of the endophytic fungal community within H. serrata was observed and the relevance to the production of HupA by the host plant was further analyzed. A total of 1167 strains were obtained from the leaves of H. serrata followed by the stems (1045) and roots (824). The richness as well as diversity of endophytic fungi within the leaf and stem were higher than in the root. The endophytic fungal community was similar within stems as well as in leaves at all taxonomic levels. The 11 genera (Derxomyces, Lophiostoma, Cyphellophora, Devriesia, Serendipita, Kurtzmanomyces, Mycosphaerella, Conoideocrella, Brevicellicium, Piskurozyma, and Trichomerium) were positively correlated with HupA content. The correlation index of Derxomyces with HupA contents displayed the highest value (CI = 0.92), whereas Trichomerium showed the lowest value (CI = 0.02). Through electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), it was confirmed that the HS7-1 strain could produce HupA and the total alkaloid concentration was 3.7 ug/g. This study will enable us to screen and isolate the strain that can produce HupA and to figure out the correlation between endophytic fungal diversity with HupA content in different plant organs. This can provide new insights into the screening of strains that can produce HupA more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Cui
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.C.); (H.A.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hamza Armghan Noushahi
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.C.); (H.A.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.C.); (H.A.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinxin Liu
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.C.); (H.A.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Andreea Cosoveanu
- Laboratory of Useful Organisms, Research—Development Institute for Plant Protection, Ion Ionescu de la Brad no. 8 Blvd., 013813 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.C.); (H.A.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ling Yan
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.C.); (H.A.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.C.); (H.A.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shaohua Shu
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.C.); (H.A.N.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.)
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Riquelme R, Ruz F, Mayerhofer A, Lara HE. Huperzine-A administration recovers rat ovary function after sympathetic stress. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12914. [PMID: 33252842 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cold stress affects ovarian morphology and impairs fertility in rats. It causes an ovarian polycystic ovary (PCOS)-like phenotype, which resembles PCOS in women. The mechanism of cold stress action involves increased ovarian noradrenaline (NA) levels, which remain elevated after cessation of cold stress. By contrast, ovarian acetylcholine (ACh) levels are only transiently elevated and returned to control levels after a 28-day post stress period. Because ACh can exert trophic actions in the ovary, we hypothesised that a sustained elevation of ovarian ACh levels by intraovarian exposure to the ACh-esterase blocker huperzine-A (Hup-A) may interfere with cold stress-induced ovarian changes. This possibility was examined in female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to cold stress (4°C for 3 h day-1 for 28 days), followed by a 28-day period without stress. To elevate ACh, in a second group Hup-A was delivered into the ovary of cold stress-exposed rats. A third group was not exposed to cold stress. As expected, cold stress elevated ovarian NA, reduced the number of corpora lutea and increased the number of follicular cysts. It increased plasma testosterone and oestradiol but decreased plasma levels of progesterone. In the Hup-A group, ovarian levels of both, NA and ACh, were elevated, there were fewer cysts and normal testosterone and oestradiol plasma levels were found. However, progesterone levels remained low. Most likely, low progesterone was associated with impaired mating behaviour and low pregnancy rate. We propose that elevated intraovarian levels of ACh are involved in the rescue of ovarian function, opening a target to control ovarian diseases affecting follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Riquelme
- Center for Neurobiochemical studies in Endocrine Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Freddy Ruz
- Center for Neurobiochemical studies in Endocrine Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hernán E Lara
- Center for Neurobiochemical studies in Endocrine Diseases, Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Ren J, Wei D, An H, Zhang J, Zhang Z. Shenqi Yizhi granules protect hippocampus of AD transgenic mice by modulating on multiple pathological processes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:112869. [PMID: 32315734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) draws more attention to explore effective therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). CHM usually uses combinations of herbs or herbal ingredients to treat diseases, with the components targeting different disease processes. CHM might improve cognition in AD and MCI patients by optimizing network activity, promoting neural plasticity and repairing damaged neurons. Shenqi Yizhi granules (SQYG), a CHM prescription, are mainly consists of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey, Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and have been used to ameliorate cognitive impairment in mild-to-moderate dementia patients. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the neuroprotection effect and pharmacological mechanism of SQYG in the hippocampus of 5XFAD transgenic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The immunofluorescence detection, 2DE-gels, mass spectrum identification, biological information analysis and Western blot were performed after SQYG treatment. RESULTS SQYG treatment significantly decreased the fluorescence intensities of anti-GFAP and anti-Iba1 in the hippocampus of 5XFAD mice. The expression levels of 31 proteins in the hippocampus were significantly influenced by SQYG, approximately 65% of these proteins are related to energy metabolism, stress response and cytoskeleton, whereas others are related to synaptic transmission, signal transduction, antioxidation, amino acid metabolism, and DNA repair. The expression of these proteins were increased. The changes in the expression levels of malate dehydrogenase (cytoplasmic) and pyruvate kinase M were confirmed by Western blot. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacological mechanism of SQYG on the hippocampus may be related to modulation of multiple pathological processes, including energy metabolism, stress response, cytoskeleton, synaptic transmission, signal transduction, and amino acid metabolism in 5XFAD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Dongfeng Wei
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Haiting An
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Liu Y, Wang S, Kan J, Zhang J, Zhou L, Huang Y, Zhang Y. Chinese Herbal Medicine Interventions in Neurological Disorder Therapeutics by Regulating Glutamate Signaling. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:260-276. [PMID: 31686629 PMCID: PMC7327939 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191101125530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and its signaling is critical for excitatory synaptic transmission. The well-established glutamate system involves glutamate synthesis, presynaptic glutamate release, glutamate actions on the ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDA, AMPA, and kainate receptors) and metabotropic glutamate receptors, and glutamate uptake by glutamate transporters. When the glutamate system becomes dysfunctional, it contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, epilepsy, and ischemic stroke. In this review, based on regulating glutamate signaling, we summarize the effects and underlying mechanisms of natural constituents from Chinese herbal medicines on neurological disorders. Natural constituents from Chinese herbal medicine can prevent the glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity via suppressing presynaptic glutamate release, decreasing ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors expression in the excitatory synapse, and promoting astroglial glutamate transporter expression to increase glutamate clearance from the synaptic cleft. However, some natural constituents from Chinese herbal medicine have the ability to restore the collapse of excitatory synapses by promoting presynaptic glutamate release and increasing ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors expression. These regulatory processes involve various signaling pathways, which lead to different mechanistic routes of protection against neurological disorders. Hence, our review addresses the underlying mechanisms of natural constituents from Chinese herbal medicines that regulate glutamate systems and serve as promising agents for the treatment of the above-mentioned neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Biology, Center of Pain Medicine and Medical School, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Kan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingzhi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Lisa Zhou
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan 528300, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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50
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Kaczka P, Batra A, Kubicka K, Maciejczyk M, Rzeszutko-Bełzowska A, Pezdan-Śliż I, Michałowska-Sawczyn M, Przydział M, Płonka A, Cięszczyk P, Humińska-Lisowska K, Zając T. Effects of Pre-Workout Multi-Ingredient Supplement on Anaerobic Performance: Randomized Double-Blind Crossover Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8262. [PMID: 33182295 PMCID: PMC7664913 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this research was to investigate the acute effects of a pre-workout supplement on anaerobic performance in resistance-trained men. METHODS Twenty-three men underwent three randomized, double-blind testing sessions separated by a seven-day break. The participants performed three tests: isokinetic strength, three repetition maximum (3-RM) strength and Wingate. Statistical analysis was conducted in R environment. Linear mixed models were estimated via R package lme4. RESULTS Mean T@0.2 s was significantly greater in supplemented condition for right and left knee flexors (PL: 103.2 ± 37.6 Nm; supplemented condition: 131.8 ± 29.3 Nm (p = 0.001)), and PL: 103.7 ± 39.3; supplemented condition: 129.4 ± 28.4 (p = 0.001)). T@0.2 s for right and left knee extensors (PL: 202.6 ± 58.6 Nm; supplemented condition: 237.2 ± 54.7 Nm (p = 0.001); PL: 203.3 ± 63.2 Nm, supplemented condition: 229.8 ± 50.8 Nm (p = 0.002)). Significant difference was in mean anaerobic power between supplemented and PL condition for right and left knee flexors (p = 0.002, p = 0.005) and for right and left knee extensors (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002). TTP was significantly shorter in supplemented condition for both sides knee flexors (p = 0.002). There was a significant difference for mean power in the Wingate test (placebo: 8.5 ± 0.6 W/kg; supplemented condition: 8.7 ± 0.5 W/kg (p = 0.038)). Mean 3-RM was significantly greater in supplemented condition (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The supplement significantly improves upper and lower body strength and power output in resistance-trained men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kaczka
- Department of Sport Nutrition, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, ul. Mikołowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.B.); (K.K.); (T.Z.)
| | - Amit Batra
- Department of Sport Nutrition, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, ul. Mikołowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.B.); (K.K.); (T.Z.)
| | - Katarzyna Kubicka
- Department of Sport Nutrition, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, ul. Mikołowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.B.); (K.K.); (T.Z.)
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Krakow, al. Jana Pawła II 78, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Agata Rzeszutko-Bełzowska
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, ul. Towarnickiego 3, 35-010 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.R.-B.); (I.P.-Ś.); (M.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Iwona Pezdan-Śliż
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, ul. Towarnickiego 3, 35-010 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.R.-B.); (I.P.-Ś.); (M.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Monika Michałowska-Sawczyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, ul. Kazimierza Górskiego, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.M.-S.); (P.C.); (K.H.-L.)
| | - Marta Przydział
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, ul. Towarnickiego 3, 35-010 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.R.-B.); (I.P.-Ś.); (M.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Artur Płonka
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, ul. Towarnickiego 3, 35-010 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.R.-B.); (I.P.-Ś.); (M.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, ul. Kazimierza Górskiego, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.M.-S.); (P.C.); (K.H.-L.)
| | - Kinga Humińska-Lisowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, ul. Kazimierza Górskiego, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.M.-S.); (P.C.); (K.H.-L.)
| | - Tomasz Zając
- Department of Sport Nutrition, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, ul. Mikołowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.B.); (K.K.); (T.Z.)
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