1
|
Keeney AJ, Ciro D, Meng Y, Coco L, Ekonomo K. Depression, Anxiety, and Coping Strategies Among Farmworkers Exposed to Substance Use at Work. J Agromedicine 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39314086 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2024.2407384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Migrant farmworkers are at an increased risk of experiencing high levels of stress, depression, anxiety, and problematic substance use. Farmworker behavioral health is a predominant concern for agricultural health and safety efforts. While substance use has been found to be a visible part of the work environment among farming populations, there is scarce information about how farmworkers who are exposed to substance use at work are impacted. METHODS This exploratory assessment investigated the association between substance use exposure at work and migrant farmworkers' (N = 58) symptoms of depression, anxiety, and coping strategies used. Univariate, bivariate, and regression analyses were conducted to examine data from a survey administered to migrant farmworkers in Southern California's Riverside and Imperial Valley counties. RESULTS Exposure to substance use at work was significantly associated with farmworkers reporting more severe symptoms of anxiety (p = .018). We also found that anxiety among farmworkers was significantly related to their experiences of sexual harassment (p = .026), being called names or insulted (p = .05), feeling unsafe (p = .005), having an increased work burden (p = .001), and caring for a colleague (p = .001). Furthermore, as exposure to substance use at work increased, farmworkers reported more severe symptoms of depression (F (1,45) = 7.90, p = .007) and anxiety (F (1,45) = 16.743, p = .001). To cope, the farmworkers in our sample reported using emotion-focused coping strategies most often. CONCLUSIONS Substance use exposure at work can affect migrant farmworker health and safety. Addressing and supporting the behavioral health of the entire farming community is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie J Keeney
- School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Colorado State University, High Plains Intermountain Center for Agricultural Health and Safety, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dianne Ciro
- School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yu Meng
- Youth Family and Community Advisor, University of California Cooperative Extension Imperial and Riverside Counties, CA, USA
| | - Laura Coco
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Ekonomo
- School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Iglesias-Rios L, Kort A, Handal AJ. Precarious Work and Housing for Michigan Farmworkers During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. J Agromedicine 2024; 29:432-450. [PMID: 38651537 PMCID: PMC11197151 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2024.2341803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Farmworkers in Michigan face precarious and exploitative labor conditions that affect their access to affordable, fair, and quality housing, which are key social determinants of health. We sought to assess the health, working conditions, and housing access, affordability, and quality of farmworkers living in and outside of employer-provided housing during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a mixed methods cross-sectional study in collaboration with community partners from the Michigan Farmworker Project and the Michigan Department of Civil Rights. We assessed housing, labor conditions, and general health through in-depth phone interviews with seasonal, migrant, and H-2A farmworkers (n = 63) during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) in Michigan. Descriptive analyses of these data included comparisons by type of farmworker and type of housing (employer-provided or other). RESULTS The majority of farmworkers interviewed were women and seasonal farmworkers and spoke primarily Spanish. A significant share of farmworker participants reported living in poverty (38.3%) and had low or very low food security (27.0%). Nearly half of farmworkers (47.6%) rated their health as "fair" or "poor" during the year prior to the interview, and more than a third reported 3 or more chronic conditions (39.6%) and lack of health insurance coverage (38.7%). Among the 43 workers tested, 25.6% reported testing positive for COVID-19. Farmworkers reported experiences of objectification and dehumanization. Three-quarters of workers reported feeling that they were treated as less than human by supervisors and one-third reported verbal abuse. Farmworkers also experienced challenges exacerbated by their social vulnerability that impeded them from finding affordable, quality housing. Regarding housing quality, the majority of workers (80.6%) reported one or more environmental hazards around their residence, and about a third reported not having air conditioning (33.%) and lacking a functioning washing machine (33.9%). Concerns about the quality of drinking water accessible to workers and exposure to chemicals were shared by participants. CONCLUSION This study adds valuable knowledge to the understanding of the systemic barriers to housing and work conditions for female and male seasonal, migrant, and H-2A farmworkers in Michigan. Shortcomings in the regulatory and policy environment result in precarious housing and work conditions, including exploitative labor practices. These conditions negate equality, fairness, and health equity, important tenants for public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Iglesias-Rios
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexa Kort
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexis J Handal
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jafari A, De Azevedo Drummond P, Bhimani S, Nishigaya D, Ding AA, Farrell A, Maass KL. Enhancing detection of labor violations in the agricultural sector: A multilevel generalized linear regression model of H-2A violation counts. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302960. [PMID: 38758737 PMCID: PMC11101028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Agricultural workers are essential to the supply chain for our daily food, and yet, many face harmful work conditions, including garnished wages, and other labor violations. Workers on H-2A visas are particularly vulnerable due to the precarity of their immigration status being tied to their employer. Although worksite inspections are one mechanism to detect such violations, many labor violations affecting agricultural workers go undetected due to limited inspection resources. In this study, we identify multiple state and industry level factors that correlate with H-2A violations identified by the U.S. Department of Labor's Wage and Hour Division using a multilevel zero-inflated negative binomial model. We find that three state-level factors (average farm acreage size, the number of agricultural establishments with less than 20 employees, and higher poverty rates) are correlated with H-2A violations. These findings offer valuable insights into where H-2A violations are being detected at the state and industry levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Jafari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Priscila De Azevedo Drummond
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shawn Bhimani
- D’Amore-McKim School of Business, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dominic Nishigaya
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aidong Adam Ding
- Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amy Farrell
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kayse Lee Maass
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Layne LA, Siordia C. Hired crop worker injury risks on farms in the United States during three different periods between 2002 and 2015. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:224-242. [PMID: 38270234 PMCID: PMC10961608 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hired crop workers have high incidence of work-related injuries, but little has been documented about potential risks at the national level. METHODS Data were obtained from a national probability sample of hired crop workers in the United States (U.S.) during 2002-2004 (period I), 2008-2010 (period II), and 2014-2015 (period III). Multivariable logistic regression models of work-related injury were constructed using an occupational exposure adjustment for weeks worked in the previous year. RESULTS Hired crop workers reporting that their employer did not provide clean drinking water and disposable cups every day were estimated to be at greater odds of injury during all three periods. Having at least some English-speaking ability was associated with increased odds of injury in two periods, while owning a dwelling in the U.S. showed greater injury risk during period II but was associated with lower risk during period III. Other items significantly associated with injury during at least one of the study periods in the final multivariable logistic models included being a direct-hire, a migrant worker, U.S.-born, receiving public aid, and having a health condition. CONCLUSIONS Hired crop workers are an extremely marginalized population of workers in the U.S. Innovative intervention methods must extend beyond traditional occupational models to focus on the overall health of hired crop workers, including increasing healthcare access, ending agricultural exceptionalism to provide equal regulatory protections afforded to workers in other industries, and adequate enforcement of existing regulations. These findings contribute to the understanding of correlates related to increased work-related injury among hired crop workers, and have implications in fields of prevention, intervention, and policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larry A. Layne
- Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Carlos Siordia
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Office of Program Management and Operations, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Beckman S, Castañeda X, Rivas L, Schenker MB. Stress, Mental Health, and Coping Among Workers in the Northern California Cannabis Industry: A Qualitative Descriptive Analysis. New Solut 2024; 33:198-208. [PMID: 38116635 PMCID: PMC10777608 DOI: 10.1177/10482911231212936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
California is home to a multibillion-dollar cannabis (marijuana) industry, but little is known about the occupational health and safety hazards faced by cannabis workers and even less of the stress, mental health, and coping mechanisms among these workers. Previous research has been based on long-term workers at legal businesses, but most California cannabis is produced and sold unlawfully. There are many seasonal workers whose experiences have not been studied. A qualitative study based on focus group discussions and key informant interviews was performed to understand cannabis workers' experiences, knowledge, and perceptions of occupational hazards. Participants reported sources of stress including production pressure and isolation, and mental health outcomes such as depression and mental fatigue. They described primarily maladaptive coping mechanisms. Unique characteristics of the cannabis industry, including criminalization and isolated, remote farms, make interventions challenging. However, policy approaches that involve community organizations could promote worker health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Beckman
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xóchitl Castañeda
- Health Initiative of the Americas, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Likhi Rivas
- Health Initiative of the Americas, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marc B. Schenker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Umar A, Saquib J, Haikal AYM, Al Komi O, Alnajjar AH, Rizky WC, Muqresh MA, Sayed MM, Almazrou A, Saquib N. Symptoms of depression and stress among migrant workers in Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:2087-2096. [PMID: 37477262 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231188328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migrant workers make up a third of the population of Saudi Arabia, approximately 13 million. Mental health disorders among this population are common, but very limited data exist currently. AIMS To assess the prevalence of moderate to severe symptoms of depression and stress among a sample of migrant workers in Saudi Arabia. To identify whether migrant-specific factors, such as occupation, nationality, duration of migration, and work characteristics, are associated with depressive and stress symptoms. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 2,123 migrants was conducted in Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Depressive and stress symptoms were assessed with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The outcomes were categorized into two levels (i.e. mild or no symptoms versus moderate to severe symptoms). Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were used to assess the relationship with potential covariates. RESULTS The prevalence of moderate to severe depressive and stress symptoms was 7.3% and 3.6%, respectively. These did not vary by the duration of stay in the country or weekly work hours. However, there was substantial variance in the symptoms by participants' nationality and occupation. Participants from Bangladesh were 3.8 (95% CI [1.50, 9.62]) times more likely, and hospital cleaners were 6.5 (95% CI [2.12, 20.07]) times more likely to have depressive symptoms. Similarly, auto-repair workers were 6.3 times more likely to have symptoms of stress (95% CI [1.55, 25.90]). CONCLUSION The prevalence of depressive and stress symptoms varied significantly depending on occupation and country of origin. It would behoove employers to screen for these mental health conditions and refer employees to the relevant healthcare services. Future studies could examine the feasibility of mental health screening programs among migrant employees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Umar
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukaryiah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juliann Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukaryiah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Omar Al Komi
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukaryiah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nazmus Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukaryiah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rodriguez A, Lopez SN, Douphrate DI. On-Farm Health Screening Needs of Immigrant Dairy Workers in the Texas Panhandle and South Plains. J Agromedicine 2023; 28:665-675. [PMID: 37036159 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2023.2200418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this pilot study was to determine the health needs of dairy farm workers and the feasibility of on-farm health risk screenings in the Texas Panhandle and South Plains. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect survey responses concerning health needs, occupational, and economic characteristics among 300 dairy workers between April 2020 and July 2021. Participants were predominantly immigrant Hispanic (88.8%) males (83.0%) of approximately 34.4 (SD 9.9) years of age, worked 6.0 (SD 0.4; Range 3-7) days a week and 9.9 (SD 1.5; Range 6-13) hours a day, earning a mean hourly rate of $13.40 (SD $2.80). Participants reported interest in attending on-farm health risk screenings (93.8%) as well as receiving a COVID-19 vaccine if it became available (86.4%). Health service categories were ranked from: (1st "most important") preventative care (Mean Rank 2.3), (2nd) laboratory and diagnostic care (Mean Rank 2.6), (3rd) nutritional and physical fitness support (Mean Rank 2.8), (4th) mental health care (Mean Rank 3.4), and (5th) workplace interventions (Mean Rank 3.6). Participants reported obtaining health information predominantly from internet searches (32.0%) and social media (17.7%). Findings suggest there is need and interest for on-farm health risk screenings and education among immigrant dairy workers in the Texas Panhandle-South Plains region. Addressing known barriers to health should be paramount to the organization of on-farm health risk screenings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Rodriguez
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sofia N Lopez
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David I Douphrate
- School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tsai J, Rodriguez A, Solis V. A Small Randomized Controlled Trial of Three Remote Methods to Collect Mental Health Data from Migrant Farmworker Adults. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:1025-1032. [PMID: 36710300 PMCID: PMC9885063 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
There has been limited longitudinal study of the health of migrant farmworkers due to their migratory lifestyles and there are opportunities to test new remote data collection methods in this subpopulation. A small randomized controlled trial was conducted with 75 migrant farmworker families who were randomly assigned to one of three groups that participated by (1) telephone interview, (2) online survey, or (3) mobile app between June 2021-April 2022. Of 50 farmworker adults who completed the baseline survey, there was differential attrition with 21% of the telephone interview group, 18% of the online survey group, and 3.2% of the online app group completing the 2-month follow-up. Over this period, migrant farmworkers reported relatively few mental health problems but notable alcohol use problems. Online apps were less effective than traditional methods for remote data collection. Alcohol use problems among migrant farmworkers in the U.S. may be an issue that deserves further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Tsai
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- National Center On Homelessness Among Veterans, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- , 7411 John Smith Drive, Suite 1100, San Antonio, TX, 78240, USA.
| | - Anabel Rodriguez
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Victoria Solis
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Serafica R, Grigsby T, Donahue B, Evangelista L. Occupational Stress: A Concept Analysis with Implications for Immigrant Workers' Mental Health in the United States. Nurs Forum 2023; 2023:1332479. [PMID: 38037606 PMCID: PMC10688967 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1332479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Occupational stress is a phenomenon affecting people worldwide. Investigating occupational stress among immigrant worker populations will unravel some of the intricacies of this condition and its psychological effects on this population. Aim This paper conceptually examined occupational stress within the context of immigrant workers' mental health and offer an operational definition to aid nurse researchers, educators, and practitioners in assessing and managing patients and developing culturally appropriate interventions for this population. Design Walker and Avant's eight-step concept analysis is used as an organizing framework. Data Source MEDLINE, CINAHL, OVID, PubMed, and APA Psych Info. Review Methods Keywords job stress, immigrant work stress, occupational stress scale, immigrant work-related stress, and mental health were used. The search yielded 142 articles; 17 were selected based on the effect of work stress on mental health. Results This analysis found that occupational stress can be attributed to communication problems, alienation, discrimination, and barriers to work-life balance can cause negative consequences among immigrants. An operational definition is also provided. Conclusion There is a growing need to examine closely and differentiate between occupational and acculturative stress to navigate a more profound understanding of how these conditions negatively complement each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy Grigsby
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Bradley Donahue
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Comi M, Becot F, Bendixsen C. Automation, Climate Change, and the Future of Farm Work: Cross-Disciplinary Lessons for Studying Dynamic Changes in Agricultural Health and Safety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4778. [PMID: 36981685 PMCID: PMC10049460 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we first assess the state of agricultural health and safety research as it pertains to the dynamic challenges facing automating agriculture on a warming planet. Then, we turn to social science fields such as rural sociology, science and technology studies, and environmental studies to leverage relevant insights on the introduction of new technologies, environmental risks, and associated workplace hazards. Increased rates of automation in agriculture alongside new risks associated with climate change create the need for anticipatory governance and adaptive research to study novel mechanisms of worker health and safety. The use of the PRISMA framework led to the 137 articles for our review. We identify three themes in the literature on agricultural health and safety: (1) adoption outcomes, (2) discrete cases of health risks, and (3) an emphasis on care and wellbeing in literature on dairy automation Our review led to the identification of research gaps, noting that current research (a) tends to examine these forces separately, instead of together, (b) has not made robust examination of these forces as socially embedded, and (c) has hesitated to examine the broad, transferable themes for how these forces work across industries. In response to these gaps, we suggest that attention to outside disciplines may provide agricultural health and safety research with a toolset to examine needed inquiry into the multiplicity of experiences of rural stakeholders, the industry specific problems arising from automation and climate change, and the socially embedded aspects of agricultural work in the future.
Collapse
|
11
|
Carlo G, McGinley M, Maiya S, Ramos AK. Associations of Work-Related Injuries and Stress to Family and Youth Wellbeing among U.S. Latino/a Immigrant Cattle Feedyard Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3361. [PMID: 36834054 PMCID: PMC9962635 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Based on the Ecological Stress-Based Model of Immigrant Worker Safety and Health, we hypothesized that occupational stress and physical safety would be negatively linked to workers' depression, which in turn, would increase family conflict and decrease youth prosocial behaviors. A total of 242 Latino immigrant cattle feedyard workers from Nebraska and Kansas (90.9% male; M age = 37.7 years) answered questions assessing depression, occupational stress, whether they had ever been injured at work, familial conflict, and youth prosocial behaviors. All four indirect relations among occupational stress and injury and the outcomes (family conflict and youth prosocial behaviors) via depressive symptomatology were significant. Additionally, ever injured was negatively related to youth prosocial behaviors and occupational stress was positively related to youth prosocial behaviors. The findings support our model and suggest that increased stress and work-related injuries on cattle feedyards are linked to mental health problems, which in turn, is linked to more conflict experienced at home and less youth prosocial behaviors. Feedyard employers should focus on improving safety culture including providing robust training in the workplace. Practical implications to improve availability and access to mental and behavioral health resources to mitigate negative family outcomes are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Carlo
- School of Education, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Meredith McGinley
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53144, USA
| | - Sahitya Maiya
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Athena K. Ramos
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Farmers in rural areas face unique lifestyle stressors which may cause physical and behavioral health issues. Because of external stressors, and often an internal drive to succeed, farmers in rural areas have high rates of prescription drug use, excessive alcohol use, depression, and suicide. These methods of coping may increase prevalence of distress and mental illness in farmers leading to poor health outcomes. Social norms within rural farming populations are influenced by culture, family, friends, and community beliefs which make it difficult to conduct research about substance use and mental health. The purpose of this study is to identify stressors in rural farmers and positive and negative coping strategies for stress in the farming population. METHODS In-depth interviews (35 minutes-1 hour) were conducted with full-time rural farmers (n = 15) in ten counties throughout Georgia. Using qualitative analysis, inductive coding was used to identify themes and patterns among transcribed interview recordings. RESULTS Stressors reported by farmers included: financial, work-life balance, physical health and disconnect from non-farming populations. Farmers described feeling misperceived by those outside of their community and feeling a distinct lack of control due to external factors. All the farmers identified alcohol use as a primary coping strategy to deal with stressors. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies distinct stressors associated with a farming lifestyle and socio-cultural factors that are barriers to care for mental health and substance use in rural farmers. This study can provide information to health practitioners that may lead to a better understanding of the factors influencing farmer's health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Proctor
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, University of Georgia College of Public Health, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Noah Hopkins
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, University of Georgia College of Public Health, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yearby R, Lewis C, Gibson C. Incorporating Structural Racism, Employment Discrimination, and Economic Inequities in the Social Determinants of Health Framework to Understand Agricultural Worker Health Inequities. Am J Public Health 2023; 113:S65-S71. [PMID: 36696609 PMCID: PMC9877372 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.307166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In 2010, the federal government and several state governments began using the social determinants of health (SDOH) framework to highlight contributing factors of health inequities and, in 2022, recognized that structural racism was associated with health inequities. Yet, efforts to eliminate health inequities have disproportionately focused on individualized solutions instead of addressing structural racism. Many racial/ethnic-minority workers have been segregated to low-wage occupations that lack access to paid sick leave, such as agricultural work, which has been associated with health inequities. Research shows these inequities are attributable to structural racism enforced through laws that structure the employment system to disadvantage agricultural workers, who are disproportionately racial/ethnic-minority individuals, which will not be addressed with individualized solutions. In this article, we explain why the current SDOH framework and efforts to eliminate health inequities are inadequate, discuss Yearby's revised SDOH framework that includes structural racism as one of the root causes of health inequities, and illustrate how Yearby's revised SDOH framework better captures the impact of structural racism, which is associated with health inequities for agricultural workers. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(S1):S65-S71. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307166).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiijah Yearby
- Ruqaiijah Yearby is with The Institute for Healing Justice & Equity, Saint Louis, MO, and the Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Crystal Lewis is with The Institute for Healing Justice & Equity and The Ohio State University. Charysse Gibson was with The Institute for Healing Justice & Equity
| | - Crystal Lewis
- Ruqaiijah Yearby is with The Institute for Healing Justice & Equity, Saint Louis, MO, and the Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Crystal Lewis is with The Institute for Healing Justice & Equity and The Ohio State University. Charysse Gibson was with The Institute for Healing Justice & Equity
| | - Charysse Gibson
- Ruqaiijah Yearby is with The Institute for Healing Justice & Equity, Saint Louis, MO, and the Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Crystal Lewis is with The Institute for Healing Justice & Equity and The Ohio State University. Charysse Gibson was with The Institute for Healing Justice & Equity
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shin DS, Jeong BY. Older Female Farmers and Modeling of Occupational Hazards, Wellbeing, and Sleep-Related Problems on Musculoskeletal Pains. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127274. [PMID: 35742520 PMCID: PMC9223070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal pains seem to be the most prevalent among occupational diseases in older female farmers. This study analyzes the relationships between exposure to ergonomic or environmental hazards, sleep-related problems, wellbeing, and musculoskeletal pains in older female farmers. In this study, older farmer means a farmer aged ≥60, and 2005 older female farmers were selected. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to investigate the relationships. In the results of SEM, musculoskeletal pains were more affected by the level of wellbeing (standardized path coefficient = −0.149) than the level of sleep-related problems (standardized path coefficient = 0.131) or the exposure level of ergonomic hazards (standardized path coefficient = 0.086). Among the ergonomic risk factors felt by elderly female farmers, the influence level of “awkward posture” (0.735), “repetitive motion” (0.718), or “standing posture” (0.693) was greater than that of “manual material handling” (0.661). “Vibration” (0.786) and “noise” (0.683) were influential variables of environmental hazards. In addition, “upper limb pain” (0.796) and “lower limb pain” (0.751) variables were more influential variables of musculoskeletal pains than the “backache” (0.472) variable. This study shows that strategies to improve wellbeing or sleep problems are important to alleviate or prevent musculoskeletal pains among older female farmers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Seok Shin
- Korea National Industrial Convergence Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan 15588, Korea;
| | - Byung Yong Jeong
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul 02876, Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kanamori M, Shrader CH, George SS, Adkins T, Bartholomew TS, Sanchez M, de la Rosa M. Influences of immigration stress and occupational exploitation on Latina seasonal workers' substance use networks: a qualitative study. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2022; 21:457-475. [PMID: 32609076 PMCID: PMC7775321 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1778591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
US female Latina seasonal farm workers (LSW) are a medically underserved community experiencing severe health disparities. We explored the relationship between alcohol and prescription medication, and LSW social networks using a qualitative approach. In 2015, this study used convenience sampling to recruit 28 LSWs in South Florida for three focus group discussions in Spanish. Focus groups were translated to English for analysis, which employed a general inductive approach. Themes included prescription medication distribution within networks, spirituality/religion practice with friends and family, and alcohol use with friends. Substance abuse prevention and treatment interventions should account for the unique needs of LSW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Kanamori
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Cho-Hee Shrader
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sara St. George
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Taylor Adkins
- Pediatrics Infectious Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tyler S. Bartholomew
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mariana Sanchez
- Robert Stempel College of Social Work and Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mario de la Rosa
- Robert Stempel College of Social Work and Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
El Khayat M, Halwani DA, Hneiny L, Alameddine I, Haidar MA, Habib RR. Impacts of Climate Change and Heat Stress on Farmworkers' Health: A Scoping Review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:782811. [PMID: 35211437 PMCID: PMC8861180 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.782811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the continuous rise of global temperatures and heatwaves worldwide as a result of climate change, concerns for the health and safety of working populations have increased. Workers in the food production chain, particularly farmworkers, are especially vulnerable to heat stress due to the strenuous nature of their work, which is performed primarily outdoors under poor working conditions. At the cross-section of climate change and farmworkers' health, a scoping review was undertaken to summarize the existing knowledge regarding the health impacts associated with climate change and heat stress, guide future research toward better understanding current and future climate change risks, and inform policies to protect the health and safety of agricultural workers. A systematic search of 5 electronic databases and gray literature websites was conducted to identify relevant literature published up until December 2021. A total of 9045 records were retrieved from the searches, of which 92 articles were included in the final review. The majority of the reviewed articles focused on heat-related illnesses (n = 57) and kidney diseases (n = 28). The risk factors identified in the reviewed studies included gender, dehydration, heat strain, wearing inappropriate clothing, workload, piece-rate payment, job decision latitude, and hot environmental conditions. On the other hand, various protective and preventive factors were identified including drinking water, changing work hours and schedule of activities, wearing appropriate clothing, reducing soda consumption, taking breaks in shaded or air-conditioned areas, and increasing electrolyte consumption in addition to improving access to medical care. This review also identified various factors that are unique to vulnerable agricultural populations, including migrant and child farmworkers. Our findings call for an urgent need to expand future research on vulnerable agricultural communities including migrant workers so as to develop effective policies and interventions that can protect these communities from the effects of heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moussa El Khayat
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dana A. Halwani
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Layal Hneiny
- Saab Medical Library, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim Alameddine
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mustapha A. Haidar
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rima R. Habib
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dun S, Humam M, Das NS, Muneeb Ur Rehman M. Sports and leisure campaigns for migrant workers in Qatar: including the excluded. MANAGING SPORT AND LEISURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23750472.2022.2026245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Dun
- Communication Program, Northwestern University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Humam
- Communication Program, Northwestern University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Natasha S. Das
- Communication Program, Northwestern University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Occupational Stressors and Access to COVID-19 Resources among Commuting and Residential Hispanic/Latino Farmworkers in a US-Mexico Border Region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020763. [PMID: 35055585 PMCID: PMC8775392 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hispanic/Latino and migrant workers experience high degrees of occupational stress, constitute most of California’s agricultural workforce, and were among the most impacted populations by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, relatively little is known about the occupational stress experienced by farmworkers who commute daily between the US and Mexico. Occupational stress is considered an imbalance between the demands at work and the capabilities to respond in the context of the workforce. The goal of this study is to determine the type and severity of stressors in daytime and resident farmworkers and how COVID-19 vaccination status contributes to these stressors. Interviews containing the Migrant Farmworker Stress Inventory (MSWSI) were administered to a sample of 199 Hispanic/Latino farmworkers in Imperial County, a multi-billion-dollar agriculture sector in the US. Principal factor analysis differentiated latent factors in the MFSWI. Simple linear regression models and correlations identified associations between MFWSI scores and sample characteristics. The MFWSI reduced to five stressor domains: Health and Well-Being Vulnerabilities, Inadequate Standards of Living/Unknown Conditions of Living, Working Conditions, Working Environment, and Language Barriers. Approximately 40 percent of the respondents reported significant stress levels, with foreign-born (p = 0.014) and older respondents (p = 0.0415) being more likely to experience elevated stress regardless of their nighttime residence. We found that Spanish-language COVID-19 outreach might have been particularly effective for workers who reported high stress from English-language communication (p = 0.001). Moreover, our findings point to the importance of worker and human rights to mitigate the high-stress foreign-born workers who live in Mexico and the US experience.
Collapse
|
19
|
Stone GA, Fernandez M, DeSantiago A. Rural Latino health and the built environment: a systematic review. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2022; 27:1-26. [PMID: 30999761 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2019.1606899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study systematically reviewed literature examining the influence of the rural built environment on Latinos' health outcomes and behaviour in the United States. A secondary aim of the study was to identify strategies developed to address challenges in the rural built environment affecting Latinos' health.Design: This study followed the reporting guidelines set forth by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Articles included in the final analysis clearly linked Latino health outcomes to characteristics of the rural built environment.Results: Of the nearly 2,500 articles identified in the initial search, the final review included approximately 146 full-text sources. The majority of the articles focused on aspects of Latinos' physical (n = 68), behavioural (n = 43), and mental health (n = 23).Conclusions: Rural Latino neighbourhoods in the United States possess limited access to health care, internet, transportation, and recreation infrastructure, which negatively impacts health outcomes and behaviours. Strategies developed to mitigate these issues include but are not limited to: the use of telecommunications to distribute health information; the use of community health workers and mobile clinics to increase awareness and availability of select health services; the use of worksite trainings and adaptations to the workplace; and the promotion of safety net programmes, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Programme for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). This review supports the need for a more robust research agenda documenting the health experiences of rural Latinos of various nationalities, age groups, and genders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett A Stone
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, USA
| | - Mariela Fernandez
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Watanabe-Galloway S, Chasek C, Yoder AM, Bell JE. Substance use disorders in the farming population: Scoping review. J Rural Health 2022; 38:129-150. [PMID: 33955045 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize the current knowledge base in order to make recommendations for prevention and treatment of substance use disorders among the farming populations. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed articles published between January 1989 and September 2019. The search yielded 3,426 citations and the final review was conducted on 42 articles. The full review was conducted by 4 authors to extract information about the target population, data collection methods, and main results. FINDINGS There were 21 articles on farmers and 21 articles on farmworkers. The majority of the articles were about alcohol. Overall, farmers had higher prevalence of risky alcohol consumption patterns than nonfarmers. The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption was also high among farmworkers compared to the general population. Risk factors for risky alcohol consumption included male gender, lower socioeconomic status, and psychological problems (eg, depression). Recommendations for prevention and intervention of alcohol disorders included policy development and implementation to curb alcohol access by taxation, screening of alcohol-related problems, and alternative means of recreation instead of alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS This review confirmed that alcohol-related problems are prevalent among farmers and farmworkers. More population-based research is called for to understand the additional risk factors of alcohol disorders and the prevalence of other substance-related disorders. Also, interventions should be tailored to the unique culture of farmers and farmworkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Christine Chasek
- Department of Counseling and School Psychology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska, USA
| | - Aaron M Yoder
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jesse E Bell
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Carlos Chavez FL, Gonzales-Backen MA, Grzywacz JG. Work, Stressors, and Psychosocial Adjustment of Undocumented Guatemalan Adolescents in United States Agriculture: A Mixed-Methods Approach. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:1218-1234. [PMID: 34089544 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research focused on undocumented male Guatemalan migrant adolescents' experiences and stressors in United States agriculture. Study 1 applied a phenomenological method to explore work-life experiences of Guatemalan minors (n = 10) aged 15-17 (Mage = 16.4). Findings highlighted three themes (1) "Just keep pushing forward," (2) "It feels ugly but that's life," and (3) "I have to do everything on my own." Using a separate sample, Study 2 examined the association between stressors and depressive symptoms among Guatemalan migrant adolescents (n = 28), aged 15-20 (Mage = 17.71). Results showed loneliness, social isolation, and work conditions as correlates for depressive symptoms. Findings highlighted a distinct developmental path among migrant farmworker adolescents and offered insight into their resilience and developmental threats.
Collapse
|
22
|
Pangaribuan SM, Lin YK, Lin MF, Chang HJ. Mediating Effects of Coping Strategies on the Relationship Between Mental Health and Quality of Life Among Indonesian Female Migrant Workers in Taiwan. J Transcult Nurs 2021; 33:178-189. [PMID: 34784809 DOI: 10.1177/10436596211057289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental health is a major concern among migrant workers worldwide. More than 200,846 female migrant workers in Taiwan are from Indonesia. The study's purpose was to investigate mediating effects of coping strategies on the relationship between mental health problems and the quality of life (QoL). METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted in Taiwan. In total, 500 Indonesian female migrant workers completed four questionnaires. A mediation test was conducted to estimate direct and indirect effects. RESULTS Coping strategies, namely substance use, behavioral disengagement, denial, and religious dedication, partially mediated the relationship between mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and stress) and QoL among Indonesian female migrant workers in Taiwan. DISCUSSION Health promotion programs should be developed for Indonesian female migrant workers in Taiwan to help them detect and overcome their mental health problems. Interventions that facilitate effective coping strategies should be administered to improve their QoL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen-Kuang Lin
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Mei-Feng Lin
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ju Chang
- College of Nursing, Department of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arif AA, Adeyemi O, Laditka SB, Laditka JN, Borders T. Suicide mortality rates in farm-related occupations and the agriculture industry in the United States. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:960-968. [PMID: 34482544 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that agricultural workers and rural residents may have an elevated suicide risk. However, suicide is relatively rare, and rural and farming populations have significantly declined, limiting their representation in national surveys. Many studies have inadequate samples for meaningful analysis. METHODS We pooled 29 years of data from the Mortality-Linked National Health Interview Survey, 1986-2014, then measured suicide mortality in groups including agriculture workers, and variation in suicide across rural and urban areas. Exposure variables indicated whether participants worked in a farm-related occupation or industry, or lived in a rural area. We used survey-weighted Poisson regression to estimate suicide mortality rates and rate ratios. RESULTS Age-adjusted suicide mortality rate per 100,000 was: 22.3 for farmers and farm managers; 21.6 for farmworkers; 28.7 in farming, forestry, and fishing; 15.3 across all other occupations; 16.1 among rural residents. Among farmworkers, age-adjusted rates were 28.3 in rural areas, 17.1 in urban areas (not significantly different). The age-adjusted suicide mortality rate ratio (RR) comparing workers in the agriculture, forestry, and fishery industries to those in all other industries was 1.34 (95% confidence interval, [CI]: 1.05-1.72) (not statistically significant after further adjustment for demographic characteristics). Age-adjusted results were consistent with a higher suicide risk for workers in forestry and fishing than in all other occupations (RR: 1.88, 95% CI: 0.79-4.46). CONCLUSION Workers in agriculture, forestry, and fishing may have an elevated suicide risk. National surveys should consider oversampling of rural residents, who have increased morbidity and mortality risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Arif
- Department of Public Health Sciences The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina USA
| | - Oluwaseun Adeyemi
- Department of Public Health Sciences The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina USA
| | - Sarah B. Laditka
- Department of Public Health Sciences The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina USA
| | - James N. Laditka
- Department of Public Health Sciences The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina USA
| | - Tyrone Borders
- College of Nursing University of Kentucky 760 Press Ave., Suite 361 Lexington Kentucky USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Miller De Rutté AM, Rubenstein BP. Acculturative Stress and the Effects on Health and Health Behaviors in Hispanic Immigrants: A Systematic Review. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/07399863211044897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate previously published literature that examined the impact of acculturative stress on health in Spanish-speaking populations. The database search yielded a final count of 32 eligible articles for inclusion in this review. Age, acculturative stress measure, and study results were analyzed. Overall, 81.2% of studies investigated the impacts of acculturative stress on mental health with the majority concluding that increased acculturative stress had a significant relationship with greater mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, and psychological stress. Other studies in this review examined impacts on physical health and health behaviors, but yielded inconclusive results indicating that these are areas for future research.
Collapse
|
25
|
Mak J, Zimmerman C, Roberts B. "I had tears in my eyes but I just left without looking back". A qualitative study of migration-related stressors amongst Nepali male labour migrants. J Migr Health 2021; 4:100042. [PMID: 34405192 PMCID: PMC8352159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2021.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Labour migration has become a crucial livelihood strategy in settings where employment options are limited. Such opportunities come with potential benefits but also introduce stressors. This study explores migration-related stressors amongst returnee male Nepali international labour migrants. We conducted a qualitative study in Kathmandu amongst 42 returnee male international labour migrants. We explored migration decisions, processes, experiences in destination and on return. The participants worked in low- and semi-skilled jobs in Malaysia, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia. Men reported stressors representing five broad areas: workplace/employer, family, recruitment, environment and legal. Most belonged to the workplace/employer category such as exploitative practices of document confiscation, contract discrepancies and poor working conditions. Family stressors were often due to disagreements about whether to migrate, and once in destination, being absent during illness and death in the family. Recruitment stressors were linked to the migration process and costs. Environmental stressors included over-crowdedness and poor hygiene, and poor security at the accommodation and in the wider town. Legal stressors were related to the lack of documentation, and negative encounters with the local police. Multiple stressors were often experienced simultaneously or in succession. Male labour migrants from Nepal who had worked in various countries and job-sectors reported multiple types of stress. The majority of stressors belong to the workplace category, where migrants may have limited power to challenge problems with their employers. The cumulative effect of such experiences may negatively impact on migrants' wellbeing. Future research should explore migrants' ability to cope with the many stressors encountered.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Latino immigrant dairy workers face significant challenges. Dairy's employment of immigrants is recent compared to other sectors, though today immigrants account for over half of US dairy workers. This study applies the Migrant Farmworker Stress Inventory to dairy for the first time. Interviews of 173 workers were conducted using the MFWSI, augmented with dairy specific indictors. Bivariate analysis identified associations between dairy worker characteristics and stress. Findings were compared to other studies using the MFWSI. Average stress was 74.6/156 points, with 36.5% at risk for clinically significant stress. Vermont ranked eighth among 11 MFWSI studies, and fourth of seven studies for significant stress. Primary stressors differed from studies of fruit and crop workers. Over a third of Vermont immigrant dairy workers risk debilitating stress. The MFWSI underestimates dairy farmworker stress and should be modified for this sector. Identified stressors indicate Spanish-language, dairy safety training may be beneficial.
Collapse
|
27
|
Le H, Nielsen K, Noblet A. The well‐being and voice of migrant workers in participatory organizational interventions. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/imig.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huong Le
- Department of Management Deakin University Burwood VIC Australia
| | | | - Andrew Noblet
- Department of Management Deakin University Burwood VIC Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Curl CL, Meierotto L, Castellano RLS, Spivak MR, Kannan K. Measurement of urinary pesticide biomarkers among Latina farmworkers in southwestern Idaho. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:538-548. [PMID: 33473152 PMCID: PMC8134048 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-00285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women who work in agriculture may have greater risk of pesticide exposure than men who share this occupation. Despite an increase in the fraction of the agricultural workforce comprised by women, few studies have characterized pesticide exposure in the USA with a focus on among these workers. OBJECTIVE This pilot study aimed to describe pesticide exposure in a cohort of Latina farmworkers in farming communities in southwestern Idaho. METHODS We collected urine samples from 29 Latina farmworkers, which were analyzed for 11 pesticide biomarkers. We evaluated the effect of pesticide spray season on urinary biomarker levels, and explored the effect of self-reported status as a pesticide handler on measured exposures. RESULTS No significant differences were found between biomarker levels in samples collected during the nonspray and spray seasons. We observed 11 extreme outlying values in samples collected during the pesticide spray season. The most extreme outlying values (MDA: 51.7 ng/mL; 3-PBA: 11.8 ng/mL; trans-DCCA: 23.4 ng/mL; and 2,4-D: 31.1 ng/mL) were all provided during the spray season by women who reported loading, mixing or applying pesticides. CONCLUSIONS These results provide suggestive evidence that Latina farmworkers who handle pesticides during the spray season may be at an increased risk of exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, as well as the herbicide 2,4-D. We recommend that future research into pesticide exposures among farmworkers should include particular focus on this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Curl
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.
| | - Lisa Meierotto
- School of Public Service, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | | | - Meredith R Spivak
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Health and Safety, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Perry JA. The Negotiation of New Family Formation Post‐migration among Low‐wage Migrant Workers: The Case of Canada. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/imig.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
30
|
Parreira BDM, Goulart BF, Ruiz MT, Monteiro JCDS, Gomes-Sponholz FA. Sintomas de ansiedade entre mulheres rurais e fatores associados. ESCOLA ANNA NERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2020-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivos identificar os sintomas de ansiedade em mulheres rurais e a influência de variáveis sociodemográficas, econômicas, comportamentais e de saúde reprodutiva sobre os sintomas de ansiedade. Método estudo observacional e transversal. Participaram 280 mulheres residentes na área rural. Foi utilizado o inventário de ansiedade Traço-Estado. Na análise bivariada, foram usados o teste t-Student e a correlação de Pearson. Para a análise multivariada, foi realizada a regressão linear múltipla. Resultados os escores médios das mulheres foram de 38,3 e 41,4 pontos na ansiedade-estado e ansiedade-traço respectivamente. As mulheres que referiram convivência “ruim” com o companheiro apresentaram maiores escores de sintomas de ansiedade-estado e ansiedade-traço. A variável número de filhos foi preditora dos escores dos sintomas de ansiedade-estado e ansiedade-traço e a variável idade, preditora do escore dos sintomas de ansiedade-traço. Conclusão os resultados evidenciaram a influência de diferentes fatores com os sintomas de ansiedade entre as mulheres rurais. A identificação dos sintomas e os fatores associados, por parte da equipe de saúde, pode contribuir para ações específicas e encaminhamentos adequados.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hall BJ, Patel A, Lao L, Liem A, Mayawati EH, Tjipto S. Structural validation of The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among Filipina and Indonesian female migrant domestic workers in Macao: STRUCTURAL VALIDATION OF PHQ-9. Psychiatry Res 2021; 295:113575. [PMID: 33248710 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Within diverse global populations, validated tools are needed to assess common mental disorders. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is one of the most commonly used depression screeners. However, the PHQ-9 has not been structurally validated among female migrant domestic workers (MDWs). Female MDWs constitute a population numbering 11.5 million, and commonly report depression. This study aimed to structurally validate the PHQ-9 among Filipina and Indonesian female MDWs in Macao Special Administrative Region of China. Participants were recruited using respondent driven sampling. Participants were adult female MDWs from The Philippines (N=1375) or Indonesia (N=367) and legally working in Macao. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test five structural models of depression using all PHQ-9 items with the Filipina and Indonesian samples. We applied multi-group CFA to test measurement invariance across samples. A two-factor (cognitive/affective, somatic) model yielded the best fit within both samples, and the multi-group CFA demonstrated invariance across samples. The two-factor model best represents the factor structure of the PHQ-9 among Filipina and Indonesian female MDWs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Hall
- Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, New York University (Shanghai), Shanghai, China; Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA.
| | - Anushka Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, USA.
| | - Lorris Lao
- Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, New York University (Shanghai), Shanghai, China; Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao (SAR), China.
| | - Andrian Liem
- Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, New York University (Shanghai), Shanghai, China; Centre for Macau Studies, University of Macau, Macao (SAR), China; Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao (SAR), China.
| | - Elisabeth H Mayawati
- Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, New York University (Shanghai), Shanghai, China.
| | - Susana Tjipto
- Faculty of Psychology, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Curl CL, Meierotto L, Som Castellano RL. Understanding Challenges to Well-Being among Latina FarmWorkers in Rural Idaho Using in an Interdisciplinary, Mixed-Methods Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010169. [PMID: 33383789 PMCID: PMC7795812 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify social, cultural and workplace-related risk factors affecting well-being among Latina farmworkers in rural Idaho. We recruited 70 Latina farmworkers from southwestern Idaho in 2019. We employed an inter-disciplinary, mixed-methods approach—including surveys, focus groups, interviews, and pesticide biomonitoring—to characterize multiple domains that influence well-being, including food security and access, housing conditions, social supports, access to medical care, and workplace safety. Six major themes emerged as primary challenges to Latina farmworkers’ well-being. In the public sphere, study participants identified these challenges as long working hours, concerns regarding pesticide exposure, and lack of enforcement of regulatory protections. Participants’ concerns regarding pesticide exposure were underscored by biological sampling results; multiple biomarkers of pesticide exposure were detected in all samples, with the highest concentrations measured in samples collected from women who reported mixing, loading or applying pesticides. Within the private sphere, food security and provisioning, childcare responsibilities, and social isolation were identified as significant challenges to well-being. Gender, ethnicity, and geography emerged as important, intersecting statuses that shaped the life experiences of these agricultural workers. Our findings suggest that gender may play a particularly critical role in the unique challenges facing Latina farmworkers. As a result, the services and regulations needed to support well-being in this population may be highly specific, and almost certainly include attention to work–family dynamics, pesticide exposure, and social connections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L. Curl
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa Meierotto
- School of Public Service, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
| | - Rebecca L. Som Castellano
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts and Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ma C, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Wang X, Ma S. Healthcare, Insurance, and Medical Expenditure of the Floating Population in Beijing, China. Front Public Health 2020; 8:375. [PMID: 32850597 PMCID: PMC7423999 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: China has a large floating population created by the fast urbanization and unique hukou system. With low socioeconomic status, labor-intensive jobs, and the lack of portability of health insurance, the floating population are often disadvantageous in healthcare. However, there is often insufficient attention to healthcare of the floating population. Method: To provide an informative description of certain aspects of the floating population under healthcare, particularly including demographic characteristics, illness conditions, insurance utilization, and medical expenditure, a survey study was conducted in Beijing, China, collecting data on 437 subjects. Characteristics of the floating population and treatments of their illness conditions are examined using univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results: Personal characteristics and healthcare of the floating population are examined in detail. It is found that the floating population has low insurance coverage and utilization rates. Multiple personal characteristics are identified as significantly associated with insurance utilization and medical expenditure. Conclusions: This study suggests the necessity of further improving healthcare and health insurance protection for the floating population. The identified significant characteristics may assist healthcare providers and other stakeholders identifying the less advantaged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenjin Ma
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.,Center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.,Statistical Consulting Center, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangge Ma
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Andrews AR, Haws JK, Acosta LM, Acosta Canchila MN, Carlo G, Grant KM, Ramos AK. Combinatorial Effects of Discrimination, Legal Status Fears, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Harsh Working Conditions among Latino Migrant Farmworkers: Testing Learned Helplessness Hypotheses. JOURNAL OF LATINX PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 8:179-201. [PMID: 33511335 PMCID: PMC7837582 DOI: 10.1037/lat0000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Migrant farmwork is often characterized by harsh working conditions that carry significant physical and mental health consequences. Using a learned helplessness framework, the current study examined the extent to which discrimination, immigration legal status difficulties, and adverse childhood experiences moderated the effects of harsh working conditions on depression and anxiety. The study also examined the extent to which harsh working conditions mediated the effects of discrimination, immigration legal status difficulties, and adverse childhood experiences on depression and anxiety. Participants were 241 migrant farmworkers recruited in the Midwest. Participants completed interviews consisting of the Migrant Farmworker Stress Index (MFWSI), Adverse Childhood Events scale (ACEs), Everyday Discrimination Scale, the Centers for Epidemiology Scale for Depression (CES-D), and the seven item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). Tests of indirect effects suggested, working conditions mediated the effects of ACEs, immigration legal status fears, and discrimination on CES-D and GAD-7 scores (p-values < .05). Higher ACEs and discrimination also appeared to be associated with larger effects of harsh working conditions on depression and anxiety (p-values < .05), while legal status fears did not significantly moderate the effect of harsh working conditions on either outcome (p-values > .05). Likely through different mechanisms, adverse childhood experiences, discrimination and immigration legal status are associated with higher risk of harsh working conditions and subsequently these conditions account for much of the relations between these three stressors with depression and anxiety. Additionally, discrimination and adverse childhood experiences appear to then enhance the effects of working conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James K. Haws
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | | | | | - Gustavo Carlo
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Kathleen M. Grant
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System,,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Athena K. Ramos
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Deka MA. The Geography of Farmworker Health in Colorado: An Examination of Disease Clusters and Healthcare Accessibility. J Agromedicine 2020; 26:162-173. [PMID: 32420826 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2020.1765930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Known by some as the "invisible" people because of their precarious work and low social status, migratory and seasonal farmworkers (MSFW) are a critical and underappreciated component to the agriculture industry in the United States. Despite advances in knowledge about the health needs of this population, identifying geographies of high-risk remains a challenging task for community health workers and farmworker advocacy organizations.Methods: Using patient encounter data (2011-2015) from regional Community and Migrant Health Centers (C/MHC), this study investigates the geography of farmworker chronic disease (diabetes, obesity, hypertension) and associated risk factors (anxiety, stress, depression, tobacco use) in Northeastern Colorado through the lens of Geographic Information Science (GIS).Results: Spatial scan statistics (SaTScan) identified disease cluster hot spots in 151 zip codes and chronic disease risk factor clusters in 44 zip codes. Additionally, 13487 farmworkers or 82% of the total population is found in zip codes designated as chronic disease hot spots, while 10,115 or 62% of the population reside in zip codes identified as risk factor hot spots. GIS-based Network Analysis determined that 1,269 farmworkers lived greater than 30 minutes from a C/MHC, or 7.7% of the total population in the study area (n = 16,419).Conclusions: The findings of this study confirm the need for geospatial analytics in farmworker population healthcare management. These methods, combined with multiple contextual and methodological perspectives, will inform appropriate outreach, research, and policy strategies, and further, serve to address the unique geographic challenges facing MSFW's in Northeastern Colorado.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Deka
- Department of Geography, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kelley RI, Ivey SL, Silver K, Holmes SM. "If We Don't Produce, Bring Another:" Work Organization and Tomato Worker Health. J Agromedicine 2020; 25:286-301. [PMID: 32116142 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2020.1725698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Specific work processes and management structures that contribute to high rates of occupational illness and injury in agricultural industries are not well described in academic literature. This qualitative study of work organization in the U.S. fresh tomato industry investigates how work processes and management structures impact tomato workers' occupational health. Methods: After conducting literature review and key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 36 individuals with experience working in the U.S. fresh tomato industry. Interviews and focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. Results: These data indicate that participants endured income insecurity and hazardous supervisory practices, including wage theft, retaliation, intimidation, and humiliation, that put them at risk of preventable illness and injury. Support from workers' organizations and health-conscious supervisory practices helped mitigate some of these occupational hazards. Conclusion: Participants' adverse work experiences may be considered sequelae of workers' lack of job control and positions of socioeconomic structural vulnerability. Other aspects of tomato work organization, including health-conscious supervisory practices and the involvement of workers' organizations, indicate that modifying work organization to better safeguard health is possible. Such modifications present compelling opportunities for employers, employees, organizations, community and government leaders, and health care professionals to help create healthier occupational environments for tomato workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel I Kelley
- UC Berkeley - UC San Francisco Joint Medical Program, University of California , Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Susan L Ivey
- UC Berkeley - UC San Francisco Joint Medical Program and School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ken Silver
- Department of Environmental Health, East Tennessee State University , Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Seth M Holmes
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management and Joint Program in Medical Anthropology, University of California , Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Anthropology, History and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Alameda County Medical Center , Oakland, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Daghagh Yazd S, Wheeler SA, Zuo A. Key Risk Factors Affecting Farmers' Mental Health: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4849. [PMID: 31810320 PMCID: PMC6926562 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, concern has increased globally over farmers' mental health issues. We present a systematic review of the outcomes, locations, study designs, and methods of current studies on farmers' mental health. In particular, this review aims to fill an important gap in understanding of the potential key risk factors affecting farmers' mental health around the world. 167 articles on farmer mental health were included in a final systematic review using a standardized electronic literature search strategy and PRISMA guidelines. The four most-cited influences on farmers' mental health in the reviewed literature respectively were pesticide exposure, financial difficulties, climate variabilities/drought, and poor physical health/past injuries. The majority of studies were from developed countries, most specifically from the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom. Comparative studies on the mental health of farmers and other occupational workers showed mixed results, with a larger portion identifying that psychological health disturbances were more common in farmers and farm-workers. Knowledge of farmer psychological disorder risk factors and its impacts are essential for reducing the burden of mental illness. Further research will be required on climate change impacts, developing country farmers' mental health, and information on how to reduce help-seeking barriers amongst farmers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Ann Wheeler
- Centre for Global Food and Resources, Faculty of Professions, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.D.Y.); (A.Z.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dignard C, Leibler JH. Recent Research on Occupational Animal Exposures and Health Risks: A Narrative Review. Curr Environ Health Rep 2019; 6:236-246. [PMID: 31823248 PMCID: PMC7099379 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-019-00253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the last year, an increasing number of studies have reported on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission in Africa and Asia and in migrant workers. We reviewed original research on occupational health and safety of animal workers published from January 1, 2018, through June 30, 2019, with a targeted focus on infectious disease studies published in these populations. RECENT FINDINGS Studies focused on occupational exposures to infectious agents, dust and allergens, pesticides, and occupational injury. Research on zoonotic MRSA used whole genome-sequencing technologies to evaluate transmission in Africa and Asia. Swine worker exposure to porcine coronavirus and emerging influenza A viruses was documented in China. 16s RNA amplicon sequencing identified distinct microbiota compositions in households with active animal farmers. Multiple bioaerosol exposures were assessed for industrial dairy workers. Occupational injury studies highlighted the struggles of Latino animal workers in the USA. These studies highlighted the global expansion of zoonotic antibiotic resistance and identified novel occupational zoonoses of concern. The integration of microbiome assessment and compound mixtures into the evaluation of dust and endotoxin exposures for animal workers marks a new direction for this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica H Leibler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress is pervasive among Latino immigrants. We identified seasonal and occupational patterns in stress among rural Latino immigrants. METHODS During three agricultural periods, farmworker and non-farmworker participants responded to a 24-item stress questionnaire (Snipes et al, 2007). We measured the associations of stress with occupation, with season, and occupation within season, adjusting for demographic variables. RESULTS The highest levels of stress were observed in the pre-thinning season when pruning takes place among farmworkers. Stress is significantly higher in farmworkers compared with non-farmworkers only in the non-spray season when crops are dormant. Higher income was associated with decreased stress in the pre-thinning and thinning seasons when buds and small fruit are removed from orchards. CONCLUSIONS Identification of strategies to reduce stress in Latino migrants is warranted. Although some sources of stress may be intractable, others may be amenable to intervention.
Collapse
|
40
|
Rojas SM, Carter SP, McGinn MM, Reger MA. A Review of Telemental Health as a Modality to Deliver Suicide-Specific Interventions for Rural Populations. Telemed J E Health 2019; 26:700-709. [PMID: 31502929 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2019.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Despite recent advancements in the development of new suicide prevention interventions, suicide rates continue to rise in the United States. As such, suicide prevention efforts must continue to focus on expanding dissemination of suicide-specific interventions. Methods: This review explores telemental health through two-way synchronous clinical video telehealth (CVT) technologies as one approach to improving access to suicide-specific interventions. Results: Studies were reviewed if (1) the modality of interest was telemental health by CVT and (2) management, assessment, or intervention of suicidal thoughts or behaviors was discussed. A total of 22 studies were included. Conclusions: Findings from the limited existing studies are synthesized, and recommendations are provided for future research, clinical, and educational advancements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasha M Rojas
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington.,University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sarah P Carter
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered Value-Driven Care, VA Puget Sound Health Services, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Meghan M McGinn
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark A Reger
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Griffin GM, Floyd EG, Dali SS, Dunaway CM, Genereaux SH, Olson AL. Assessing Mental Health Concerns of Spanish-Speaking Dairy Farm Workers. J Agromedicine 2019; 25:115-121. [PMID: 31475637 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2019.1656130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hispanic dairy farm workers have risk factors for mental health concerns. There is insufficient study of their mental health needs.Methods: We conducted focus groups at five farms. We quantified the burden of depressive symptoms with Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-2 and PHQ-9) during three seasons of mobile clinics on farm sites.Results: Focus groups revealed that sources of stress included working conditions, language barriers, fear of deportation, and distance from family. Depression screening found that the rate of mild depressive symptoms ranged from 0% to 3.2%. No individual scored higher than mild depression.Discussion: Rates of depressive symptoms were substantially lower than in the general US population, which may be explained by a population that self-selects for resilience. Our mixed qualitative and quantitative data acquisition provided us a more robust and comprehensive understanding of our population's mental health concerns than using one method alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin G Floyd
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Salma S Dali
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Ardis L Olson
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Dartmouth COOP Primary Care Based Research Network, Lebanon, NH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sangaramoorthy T. Liminal Living: Everyday Injury, Disability, and Instability among Migrant Mexican Women in Maryland's Seafood Industry. Med Anthropol Q 2019; 33:557-578. [DOI: 10.1111/maq.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
43
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of depressive symptoms among migrants and non-migrants living in Qatar and identify variables associated with depressive symptomology in these groups, including culture of origin, time living in country and perceived quality of life. In addition, we tested if the latter two variables moderated the effect of culture of origin on depressive symptomology in the migrant groups. SUBJECT AND METHODS A telephone survey of a probability-based sample of 2,520 participants was conducted in February 2016. The sample was divided into three groups based on nationality and income: labour migrants (LMs), white-collar migrants (WCMs) and non-migrants or Qatari nationals (QNs). Participants completed the Whooley two-question test for depression. RESULTS The odds of depression were significantly increased in LMs (OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 2.36-4.65) and WCMs (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.04-1.90) compared with non-migrants. Among LMs, having a problem with current employer in the last 3 months was also associated with depressive symptoms (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.14-3.84). Culture of origin was significantly associated with depressive symptoms including South Asians (OR = 3.12, p < .001), East Asians (OR = 0.52, p = .013) and Westerners (OR = 0.45, p = .044) relative to Arabs. LM status remained strongly associated with depressive symptoms independent of culture of origin (OR = 2.02, p < .001). CONCLUSION Perceived quality of life, but not length of stay, appears to be an important variable in explaining differences in symptoms between some cultural groups. Findings from this study highlight the importance of the context of migration and culture of origin as potential determinants of depressive symptomology in the host country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma M Khaled
- Social and Economic Survey Research Institute, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Salma M Khaled, Social and Economic Survey Research Institute, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Conferring Disadvantage: Behavioral and Developmental Implications for Children Growing up in the Shadow of Undocumented Immigration Status. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2019; 38:424-428. [PMID: 28661958 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
45
|
Limon F, Lamson AL, Hodgson JL, Bowler MC, Saeed SA. Improving Detection of Depression Symptoms in Latino Farmworkers: Latino Farmworker Affective Scale. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0739986319831678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Latino farmworkers (LFWs) experience depression at a significant higher rate than non-Latino Whites; yet, research regarding depression-screening instruments in Spanish is scarce. The first author created a depression screener using terms used by LFWs to describe symptoms of depression. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Latino Farmworker Affective Scale (LFAS-15) in accurately detecting symptoms of depression in this population as compared with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) using the DSM structured clinical interview (SCID) as the reference standard. Study results indicated that the LFAS-15, as well as the PHQ-9, and the BSI-18 performed. The data also indicated that the LFAS-15 has good internal consistency, measures primarily one construct (depression), demonstrated convergent validity with the SCID, and has good combined sensitivity and specificity. Recommendations for clinical practice, policy, and research are offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sy A. Saeed
- East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Doki S, Sasahara S, Matsuzaki I. Stress of working abroad: a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2018; 91:767-784. [PMID: 29967924 PMCID: PMC6132646 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-1333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Many companies target international markets to expand their business. Companies need to manage international teams with a wide variety of skills, knowledge and values to run their business effectively; however, there are many issues of acculturation stress. Not only business travellers and expatriates, but also immigrant workers have issues adjusting to foreign culture. The aim of the present study is to identify the stress factors affecting foreign-born workers via a systematic review. Methods The systematic review was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. Articles on the subject of workers living abroad, such as immigrants, expatriates and business travellers, were included. The risk of bias in the included articles was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias for randomised controlled trials (RCTs), RoBANS for non-RCT studies, and CASP for qualitative studies. Results For the systematic review, 45 out of 14,994 articles were analysed. Six components, communication, cultural differences in the workplace, daily life, relationships with family and colleagues, financial problems and social inequality, were extracted. Conclusion Foreign-born workers are suffering from acculturation and occupational stress. The results of the present study can help greatly with understanding of the stress structure of working abroad. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00420-018-1333-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Doki
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | | | - Ichiyo Matsuzaki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kaewanuchit C, Sawangdee Y. The comparison of causal relationships of job stress between Thai immigrant employees with and without rearing their aging parents. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/jhr-05-2018-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
The occupational stress is a disadvantage resulting in mental health illnesses that have been found when looking at those migrants who were young adults and migrated to work in the urban areas, leaving behind their aging parents to live alone at home. The purpose of this paper is to compare the causal relationships of job stress between Thai immigrant employees with and without rearing aging parents.
Design/methodology/approach
The research was a cross-sectional survey. The sample for this study included 600 Thai immigrant employees (300 cases per group) in 2016. Measures included individual characteristics, working conditions, and a Thai Job Content Questionnaire (Thai-JCQ) on related job stress. The model was verified using a path model by Mplus software.
Findings
The distance traveled between the house and the workplace, wages, working conditions had a direct effect on job stress. Working conditions among Thai immigrants employees with rearing aging parents had the most direct effect on job stress with a standardized regression weight of 0.552 (p-value <0.05) as well as working conditions among their without rearing aging parents had the most direct effect on job stress with a standardized regression weight of −0.292.
Originality/value
This research demonstrated that working conditions were an important factor.
Collapse
|
48
|
Exploring the Role of Depression as a Moderator of a Workplace Obesity Intervention for Latino Immigrant Farmworkers. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 21:383-392. [PMID: 29737446 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We explored if and how depression moderated the treatment effect of Pasos Saludables, a successful pilot workplace obesity intervention for Latino immigrant farmworkers. The original randomized controlled study assigned 254 participants 2:1 to a 10-session educational intervention versus control. We assessed the relationship between change in BMI (primary outcome) and interaction of treatment allocation and baseline risk for depression. Baseline CES-D scores indicated that 27.3% of participants were at risk for depression. The interaction between treatment allocation and baseline risk for depression was significant (p = 0.004). In adjusted models among women, intervention participants with no indication of depression at baseline reduced their BMI by 0.77 on average (95% CI - 1.25, - 0.30) compared to controls. The reduction im BMI between the intervention group at risk for depression at baseline and either control was not significantly different from zero. Findings from our post-hoc, exploratory study indicate that depression may inhibit significant weight loss.
Collapse
|
49
|
Steel KC, Fernandez-Esquer ME, Atkinson JS, Taylor WC. Exploring relationships among social integration, social isolation, self-rated health, and demographics among Latino day laborers. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2018; 23:425-441. [PMID: 28100070 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2017.1280130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research indicates social integration and social isolation are related to health, and Latino day laborers (LDLs) tend to be socially isolated and, thus, at high risk for adverse health consequences. relationships among social isolation, social integration, self-rated health (SRH), and demographics were examined in a sample of LDLs to contribute to the literature on social networks and health in this and other migrant populations. DESIGN We analyzed data from 324 LDLs who participated in Proyecto SHILOS (Salud del Hombre Inmigrante Latino), a Houston-based survey of Latino immigrant men's health. Based on the literature, we hypothesized SRH would be (1) positively associated with social integration and (2) negatively associated with social isolation. All proposed measures were first entered into a correlation matrix to identify significant bivariate relationships (p ≤ .05, two-tailed). Associations between variables that were directly correlated with SRH and variables that were, in turn, proximally associated with these variables were then used to develop a structural equation path model of SRH. Individual paths in the model were measured for significance, and goodness of fit was assessed by the model chi-square, the Comparative Fit Index, and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation. RESULTS Inconsistent with the first hypothesis, SRH was negatively associated with social integration, as measured by the number of trusted friends. Consistent with the second hypothesis, SRH was negatively associated with social isolation, as measured by needing someone to talk to. More frequent contact with family was also negatively associated with social isolation. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest social integration may not always protect and promote health. Therefore, assessing the quality of LDLs' different relationships, not just the quantity, is vital. Future studies should further analyze the effects that social resources have on perceptions of social isolation and health in LDLs and other migrant populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C Steel
- a Maricopa County Department of Public Health , Office of Public Health Policy , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Maria Eugenia Fernandez-Esquer
- b Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences , Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health , Houston , TX , USA
| | - John S Atkinson
- b Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences , Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Wendell C Taylor
- b Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences , Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health , Houston , TX , USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Alterman T, Grzywacz JJ, Muntaner C, Shen R, Gabbard S, Georges A, Nakamoto J, Carroll DJ. Elevated Depressive Symptoms Among Hired Crop Workers in the United States: Variation by Sociodemographic and Employment Characteristics. RURAL MENTAL HEALTH 2018; 42:67-68. [PMID: 31777642 PMCID: PMC6880944 DOI: 10.1037/rmh0000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We present prevalence rates, along with demographic and economic characteristics associated with elevated depressive symptoms (EDS), in a nationally representative sample of hired crop workers in the United States. We analyzed in-person interviews with 3,691 crop workers collected in 2009-2010 as part of a mental health and psychosocial supplement to the National Agricultural Workers Survey. The prevalence of EDS was 8.3% in men and 17.1% in women. For men, multivariate analysis showed that EDS was associated with years of education, family composition, having a great deal of difficulty being separated from family, having fair or poor general health, ability to read English, fear of being fired from their current farm job, and method of payment (piece, salary, or a combination). Interactions were found between region of the country and family composition. Multivariate analyses for women showed that fear of being fired, fair or poor general health, having children ≤15 years of age, being unaccompanied by their nuclear family, expectation for length of time continuing to do farm work in the United States, and authorization status were associated with EDS. Interactions were found with Hispanic ethnicity and region of the country, as well as presence of the nuclear family and region. The present study identifies important risk factors in this first population-based assessment of EDS in a nationally representative sample of U.S. crop workers. The importance of social support from family, job insecurity, and high prevalence of EDS in female crop workers support the need for screening and outreach in this primarily rural group of men and women crop workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toni Alterman
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | | | - Rui Shen
- Emergint Techologies, Louisville, KY
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|