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Thomas ACQ, Stead CA, Burniston JG, Phillips SM. Exercise-specific adaptations in human skeletal muscle: Molecular mechanisms of making muscles fit and mighty. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 223:341-356. [PMID: 39147070 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms leading to a predominantly hypertrophied phenotype versus a predominantly oxidative phenotype, the hallmarks of resistance training (RT) or aerobic training (AT), respectively, are being unraveled. In humans, exposure of naïve persons to either AT or RT results in their skeletal muscle exhibiting generic 'exercise stress-related' signaling, transcription, and translation responses. However, with increasing engagement in AT or RT, the responses become refined, and the phenotype typically associated with each form of exercise emerges. Here, we review some of the mechanisms underpinning the adaptations of how muscles become, through AT, 'fit' and RT, 'mighty.' Much of our understanding of molecular exercise physiology has arisen from targeted analysis of post-translational modifications and measures of protein synthesis. Phosphorylation of specific residue sites has been a dominant focus, with canonical signaling pathways (AMPK and mTOR) studied extensively in the context of AT and RT, respectively. These alone, along with protein synthesis, have only begun to elucidate key differences in AT and RT signaling. Still, key yet uncharacterized differences exist in signaling and regulation of protein synthesis that drive unique adaptation to AT and RT. Omic studies are required to better understand the divergent relationship between exercise and phenotypic outcomes of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Q Thomas
- Protein Metabolism Research Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Connor A Stead
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jatin G Burniston
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Protein Metabolism Research Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Jones JA, Zhou J, Dong J, Huitron-Resendiz S, Boussaty E, Chavez E, Wei N, Dumitru CD, Morodomi Y, Kanaji T, Ryan AF, Friedman R, Zhou T, Kanaji S, Wortham M, Schenk S, Roberts AJ, Yang XL. Murine nuclear tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase deficiency leads to fat storage deficiency and hearing loss. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107756. [PMID: 39260699 PMCID: PMC11470617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are fundamental to the translation machinery with emerging roles in transcriptional regulation. Previous cellular studies have demonstrated tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YARS1 or TyrRS) as a stress response protein through its cytosol-nucleus translocation to maintain cellular homeostasis. Here, we established a mouse model with a disrupted TyrRS nuclear localization signal, revealing its systemic impact on metabolism. Nuclear TyrRS deficiency (YarsΔNLS) led to reduced lean mass, reflecting a mild developmental defect, and reduced fat mass, possibly due to increased energy expenditure. Consistently, YarsΔNLS mice exhibit improved insulin sensitivity and reduced insulin levels, yet maintain normoglycemia, indicative of enhanced insulin action. Notably, YarsΔNLS mice also develop progressive hearing loss. These findings underscore the crucial function of nuclear TyrRS in the maintenance of fat storage and hearing and suggest that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases' regulatory roles can affect metabolic pathways and tissue-specific health. This work broadens our understanding of how protein synthesis interconnects metabolic regulation to ensure energy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Jones
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jianjie Dong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Ely Boussaty
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eduardo Chavez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Calin Dan Dumitru
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yosuke Morodomi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Taisuke Kanaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Allen F Ryan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rick Friedman
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Sachiko Kanaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matthew Wortham
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amanda J Roberts
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
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Liu J, Lu W, Lv Q, Wang Y, Xu X, He Y, Chang H, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zang X, Zhang H. Impact of Dietary Patterns on Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2890. [PMID: 39275205 PMCID: PMC11397102 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome has become a significant public health concern. This study aims to investigate the impact of dietary patterns on metabolic syndrome in young adults and how physical activity modulates this effect. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a health management center in Tianjin, China, from September 2022 to March 2023. Participants aged 18-35 years were recruited using convenience sampling. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models evaluated associations between these patterns and metabolic syndrome, adjusting for potential confounders. Among 442 participants, four dietary patterns were identified: Legume-Nut, Alcohol-Meat, Sugar-Processed, and Egg-Vegetable. The Legume-Nut dietary pattern was associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.08-6.37), while the Egg-Vegetable dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10-0.70). No significant associations were found for the Sugar-Processed and Alcohol-Meat patterns. Subgroup analysis revealed that the Legume-Nut pattern increased the risk of metabolic syndrome among those with irregular physical activity, whereas the Egg-Vegetable pattern decreased the risk. These findings highlight the significant influence of dietary patterns on the risk of metabolic syndrome in young adults and the modifying effect of regular physical activity, underscoring the need for targeted dietary and lifestyle interventions to prevent metabolic syndrome in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liu
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wenfeng Lu
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qingyun Lv
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xueying Xu
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuan He
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hairong Chang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaoying Zang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
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Lee-Ødegård S, Hjorth M, Olsen T, Moen GH, Daubney E, Evans DM, Hevener AL, Lusis AJ, Zhou M, Seldin MM, Allayee H, Hilser J, Viken JK, Gulseth H, Norheim F, Drevon CA, Birkeland KI. Serum proteomic profiling of physical activity reveals CD300LG as a novel exerkine with a potential causal link to glucose homeostasis. eLife 2024; 13:RP96535. [PMID: 39190027 PMCID: PMC11349297 DOI: 10.7554/elife.96535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity has been associated with preventing the development of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, our understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remains incomplete and good biomarkers to objectively assess physical activity are lacking. Methods We analyzed 3072 serum proteins in 26 men, normal weight or overweight, undergoing 12 weeks of a combined strength and endurance exercise intervention. We estimated insulin sensitivity with hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, maximum oxygen uptake, muscle strength, and used MRI/MRS to evaluate body composition and organ fat depots. Muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were used for mRNA sequencing. Additional association analyses were performed in samples from up to 47,747 individuals in the UK Biobank, as well as using two-sample Mendelian randomization and mice models. Results Following 12 weeks of exercise intervention, we observed significant changes in 283 serum proteins. Notably, 66 of these proteins were elevated in overweight men and positively associated with liver fat before the exercise regimen, but were normalized after exercise. Furthermore, for 19.7 and 12.1% of the exercise-responsive proteins, corresponding changes in mRNA expression levels in muscle and fat, respectively, were shown. The protein CD300LG displayed consistent alterations in blood, muscle, and fat. Serum CD300LG exhibited positive associations with insulin sensitivity, and to angiogenesis-related gene expression in both muscle and fat. Furthermore, serum CD300LG was positively associated with physical activity and negatively associated with glucose levels in the UK Biobank. In this sample, the association between serum CD300LG and physical activity was significantly stronger in men than in women. Mendelian randomization analysis suggested potential causal relationships between levels of serum CD300LG and fasting glucose, 2 hr glucose after an oral glucose tolerance test, and HbA1c. Additionally, Cd300lg responded to exercise in a mouse model, and we observed signs of impaired glucose tolerance in male, but not female, Cd300lg knockout mice. Conclusions Our study identified several novel proteins in serum whose levels change in response to prolonged exercise and were significantly associated with body composition, liver fat, and glucose homeostasis. Serum CD300LG increased with physical activity and is a potential causal link to improved glucose levels. CD300LG may be a promising exercise biomarker and a therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes. Funding South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Simon Fougners Fund, Diabetesforbundet, Johan Selmer Kvanes' legat til forskning og bekjempelse av sukkersyke. The UK Biobank resource reference 53641. Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Investigator Grant (APP2017942). Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Award (DE220101226). Research Council of Norway (Project grant: 325640 and Mobility grant: 287198). The Medical Student Research Program at the University of Oslo. Novo Nordisk Fonden Excellence Emerging Grant in Endocrinology and Metabolism 2023 (NNF23OC0082123). Clinical trial number clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01803568.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre Lee-Ødegård
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Gunn-Helen Moen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- The Frazer Institute, The University of QueenslandWoolloongabbaAustralia
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Emily Daubney
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - David M Evans
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesUnited States
| | - Mingqi Zhou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Departments of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - James Hilser
- Departments of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Jonas Krag Viken
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Hanne Gulseth
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | - Kåre Inge Birkeland
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
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Dreher SI, Grubba P, von Toerne C, Moruzzi A, Maurer J, Goj T, Birkenfeld AL, Peter A, Loskill P, Hauck SM, Weigert C. IGF1 promotes human myotube differentiation toward a mature metabolic and contractile phenotype. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1462-C1481. [PMID: 38690930 PMCID: PMC11371365 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00654.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mediates the beneficial effects of exercise, thereby improving insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk for type 2 diabetes. Current human skeletal muscle models in vitro are incapable of fully recapitulating its physiological functions especially muscle contractility. By supplementation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a growth factor secreted by myofibers in vivo, we aimed to overcome these limitations. We monitored the differentiation process starting from primary human CD56-positive myoblasts in the presence/absence of IGF1 in serum-free medium in daily collected samples for 10 days. IGF1-supported differentiation formed thicker multinucleated myotubes showing physiological contraction upon electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) following day 6. Myotubes without IGF1 were almost incapable of contraction. IGF1 treatment shifted the proteome toward skeletal muscle-specific proteins that contribute to myofibril and sarcomere assembly, striated muscle contraction, and ATP production. Elevated PPARGC1A, MYH7, and reduced MYH1/2 suggest a more oxidative phenotype further demonstrated by higher abundance of proteins of the respiratory chain and elevated mitochondrial respiration. IGF1-treatment also upregulated glucose transporter (GLUT)4 and increased insulin-dependent glucose uptake compared with myotubes differentiated without IGF1. To conclude, addition of IGF1 to serum-free medium significantly improves the differentiation of human myotubes that showed enhanced myofibril formation, response to electrical pulse stimulation, oxidative respiratory capacity, and glucose metabolism overcoming limitations of previous standards. This novel protocol enables investigation of muscular exercise on a molecular level.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Human skeletal muscle models are highly valuable to study how exercise prevents type 2 diabetes without invasive biopsies. Current models did not fully recapitulate the function of skeletal muscle especially during exercise. By supplementing insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), the authors developed a functional human skeletal muscle model characterized by inducible contractility and increased oxidative and insulin-sensitive metabolism. The novel protocol overcomes the limitations of previous standards and enables investigation of exercise on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon I Dreher
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Grubba
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Moruzzi
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Maurer
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Goj
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Kovac L, Goj T, Ouni M, Irmler M, Jähnert M, Beckers J, Hrabé De Angelis M, Peter A, Moller A, Birkenfeld AL, Weigert C, Schürmann A. Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression Signatures of Obese High and Low Responders to Endurance Exercise Training. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1318-1327. [PMID: 37988600 PMCID: PMC11031218 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exercise training is known to improve glucose tolerance and reverse insulin resistance in people with obesity. However, some individuals fail to improve or even decline in their clinical traits following exercise intervention. OBJECTIVE This study focused on gene expression and DNA methylation signatures in skeletal muscle of low (LRE) and high responders (RES) to 8 weeks of supervised endurance training. METHODS We performed skeletal muscle gene expression and DNA methylation analyses in LRE and RES before and after exercise intervention. Additionally, we applied the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) approach to identify predictive marker genes of exercise outcome. RESULTS We show that the two groups differ markedly already before the intervention. RES were characterized by lower expression of genes involved in DNA replication and repair, and higher expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The LASSO approach identified several novel candidates (eg, ZCWPW2, FOXRED1, STK40) that have not been previously described in the context of obesity and exercise response. Following the intervention, LRE reacted with expression changes of genes related to inflammation and apoptosis, RES with genes related to mitochondrial function. LRE exhibited significantly higher expression of ECM components compared to RES, suggesting improper remodeling and potential negative effects on insulin sensitivity. Between 45% and 70% of differences in gene expression could be linked to differences in DNA methylation. CONCLUSION Together, our data offer an insight into molecular mechanisms underlying differences in response to exercise and provide potential novel markers for the success of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Kovac
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal 14558, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Research Group Molecular and Clinical Life Science of Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Brandenburg 14469, Germany
| | - Thomas Goj
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Meriem Ouni
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal 14558, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Markus Jähnert
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal 14558, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, Freising 85764, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabé De Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, Freising 85764, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Anja Moller
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal 14558, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal 14558, Germany
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7
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Li RY, Guo L. Exercise in Diabetic Nephropathy: Protective Effects and Molecular Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3605. [PMID: 38612417 PMCID: PMC11012151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes, and its progression is influenced by factors like oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, and fibrosis. Compared to drug treatment, exercise offers a cost-effective and low-risk approach to slowing down DN progression. Through multiple ways and mechanisms, exercise helps to control blood sugar and blood pressure and reduce serum creatinine and albuminuria, thereby alleviating kidney damage. This review explores the beneficial effects of exercise on DN improvement and highlights its potential mechanisms for ameliorating DN. In-depth understanding of the role and mechanism of exercise in improving DN would pave the way for formulating safe and effective exercise programs for the treatment and prevention of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Ying Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Exercise and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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Tincknell JB, Kugler BA, Spicuzza H, Berger N, Yan H, You T, Zou K. High-intensity interval training attenuates impairment in regulatory protein machinery of mitochondrial quality control in skeletal muscle of diet-induced obese mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:236-249. [PMID: 37852013 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control processes are essential in governing mitochondrial integrity and function. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of 10 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the regulatory protein machinery of skeletal muscle mitochondrial quality control and whole-body glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) group. After 10 weeks, HFD-fed mice were divided into sedentary and HIIT (HFD + HIIT) groups for another 10 weeks (n = 9/group). Graded exercise test, glucose and insulin tolerance tests, mitochondrial respiration, and protein markers of mitochondrial quality control processes were determined. HFD-fed mice exhibited lower ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration (p < 0.05). However, 10 weeks of HIIT prevented this impairment (p < 0.05). Importantly, the ratio of Drp1(Ser616) over Drp1(Ser637) phosphorylation, an indicator of mitochondrial fission, was significantly higher in HFD-fed mice (p < 0.05), but such increase was attenuated in HFD-HIIT compared to HFD (-35.7%, p < 0.05). Regarding autophagy, skeletal muscle p62 content was lower in the HFD group than the LFD group (-35.1%, p < 0.05); however, such reduction was disappeared in the HFD + HIIT group. In addition, LC3B II/I ratio was higher in the HFD group than the LFD group (15.5%, p < 0.05) but was ameliorated in the HFD + HIIT group (-29.9%, p < 0.05). Overall, our study demonstrated that 10 weeks of HIIT was effective in improving skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and the regulatory protein machinery of mitochondrial quality control in diet-induced obese mice through the alterations of mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 phosphorylations and p62/LC3B-mediated regulatory machinery of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Tincknell
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesManning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Benjamin A Kugler
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesManning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Haley Spicuzza
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesManning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Nicolas Berger
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesManning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Huimin Yan
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesManning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Tongjian You
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesManning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Kai Zou
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesManning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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9
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Silva FM, Duarte-Mendes P, Teixeira AM, Soares CM, Ferreira JP. The effects of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers in sedentary adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1936. [PMID: 38253590 PMCID: PMC10803738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the magnitude of the effect of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism markers, adipokines, and inflammatory cytokines in non-diabetic sedentary adults. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library electronic databases and reference lists of included studies were explored for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included physically inactive adults and provided combined training interventions (aerobic plus resistance exercise). Effects on fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, TNF-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in exercise vs control groups were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials 2.0 (RoB 2) was used to assess the risk of bias. A total of 24 RCTs were included in the quantitative analysis. Combined exercise training significantly decrease fasting glucose (standardized mean difference, SMD: - 0.474, 95% CI [- 0.829, - 0.120], p = 0.009, 35 study arms), fasting insulin (SMD: - 1.024, 95% CI [- 1.502, - 0.545], p < 0.001, 27 study arms), HOMA-IR (SMD: - 0.946, 95% CI [- 1.450, - 0.442], p < 0.001, 23 study arms), TNF-α (SMD: - 0.972, 95% CI [- 1.361, - 0.582], p < 0.001, 10 study arms), and CRP (SMD: - 0.507, 95% CI [- 0.818, - 0.196], p = 0.001, 14 study arms). No significant effects were observed for HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, and IL-6 levels. Random effects meta-regression models by age, sex, and intervention length were not able to explain any of the variation in the effect size of HOMA-IR. Findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that combined exercise training improves some glucose metabolism markers and inflammatory parameters in sedentary adults without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Silva
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Duarte-Mendes
- Department of Sports and Well-Being, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport, Health and Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport Physical activity and health Research & INnovation CenTer, SPRINT, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Ana M Teixeira
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Soares
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José P Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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10
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Saeidi A, Saei MA, Mohammadi B, Zarei HRA, Vafaei M, Mohammadi AS, Barati M, Montazer M, Razi O, Kiyumi MHA, Laher I, Gholami M, Weiss K, Knechtle B, Zouhal H. Supplementation with spinach-derived thylakoid augments the benefits of high intensity training on adipokines, insulin resistance and lipid profiles in males with obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1141796. [PMID: 37576981 PMCID: PMC10422041 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1141796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study investigated the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) combined with spinach-derived thylakoid supplementation on some selected Adipokines and insulin resistance in males with obesity. Method Sixty-eight participants (mean age: 27.6 ± 8.4 yrs.; mean height: 168.4 ± 2.6 cm; mean weight: 95.7 ± 3.8 kg, mean BMI: 32.6 ± 2.6 kg/m2) were randomly divided into four groups of 17 per group: Control group (CG), Supplement group (SG), Training group (TG), and Training + supplement group (TSG). Following baseline measurements, the two training groups (TG and TSG) started the 12 weeks of exercise training program (3 sessions per week). A total of 36 sessions lasting up to 60 min were included in the HIFT program using the CrossFit program. The eligible participants received 5 g/day of thylakoid-rich spinach extract or matching placebo as 5 g/day of raw corn starch (one sachet, 30 min before lunch) for 12 weeks. Baseline assessments were obtained 48 hours before the start of the training protocols and 48 hours after the last training session in all groups. Results There were significant interactions (p<0.001 for all) between exercise and time for adiponectin (ES:0.48), leptin (ES:0.46), resistin (ES:0.3), omentin (ES:0.65), vaspin (ES:0.46), visfatin (ES:0.62), apelin (ES:0.42), RBP4 (ES:0.63), chemrin (0.36) and semaphorin3c (ES: 0.5). Plasma levels of semaphorin3c were significantly correlated (p<0.05) with body weight (r= 0.57), BMI (r= 0.43), FFM (r= -0.612), FAT (r= 0.768), VO2peak (r=-0.53), insulin (r= 0.756), glucose (r= 0.623), and HOMA-IR (r= 0.727). There were also significant group differences in insulin (ES: 0.77), glucose (ES: 0.21), and HOM-IR (ES: 0.44) (p<0.05). Discussion Our findings indicate that 12 weeks of HIFT supplemented with spinach-derived thylakoid reduced levels of leptin, resistin, vaspin, visfatin, apelin, RBP4, chemrin, semaphorin3c and insulin resistance while increasing adiponectin and omentin levels in men with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Saei
- Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Mohammadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Akbarzadeh Zarei
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morvarid Vafaei
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shayan Mohammadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Barati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Montazer
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Razi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of 87 Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mandana Gholami
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, France
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11
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Tincknell JB, Kugler B, Spicuzza H, Yan H, You T, Zou K. High-Intensity Interval Training Attenuates Impairment in Regulatory Protein Machinery of Mitochondrial Quality Control in Skeletal Muscle of Diet-Induced Obese Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.28.546902. [PMID: 37425824 PMCID: PMC10326985 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control processes are essential in governing mitochondrial integrity and function. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of 10 weeks of HIIT on the regulatory protein machinery of skeletal muscle mitochondrial quality control and whole-body glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) group. After 10 weeks, HFD-fed mice were divided into sedentary and HIIT (HFD+HIIT) groups and remained on HFD for another 10 weeks (n=9/group). Graded exercise test, glucose and insulin tolerance tests, mitochondrial respiration and regulatory protein markers of mitochondrial quality control processes were determined by immunoblots. Ten weeks of HIIT enhanced ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration in diet-induced obese mice (P < 0.05) but did not improve whole-body insulin sensitivity. Importantly, the ratio of Drp1(Ser 616 ) over Drp1(Ser 637 ) phosphorylation, an indicator of mitochondrial fission, was attenuated in HFD-HIIT compared to HFD (-35.7%, P < 0.05). Regarding autophagy, skeletal muscle p62 content was lower in HFD group than LFD group (-35.1%, P < 0.05), however, such reduction was disappeared in HFD+HIIT group. In addition, LC3B II/I ratio was higher in HFD than LFD group (15.5%, P < 0.05) but was ameliorated in HFD+HIIT group (-29.9%, P < 0.05). Overall, our study demonstrated that 10 weeks of HIIT was effective in improving skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and the regulatory protein machinery of mitochondrial quality control in diet-induced obese mice through the alterations of mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 activity and p62/LC3B-mediated regulatory machinery of autophagy.
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12
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Hulteen RM, Marlatt KL, Allerton TD, Lovre D. Detrimental Changes in Health during Menopause: The Role of Physical Activity. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:389-396. [PMID: 36807278 PMCID: PMC10467628 DOI: 10.1055/a-2003-9406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Midlife women experience changes in cardiometabolic, physical, and psychosocial health during menopause that negatively impacts their overall quality of life. Factors that contribute to these increases in cardiometabolic risk include weight gain as well as increases in fat mass (particularly abdominal adiposity), insulin resistance, and vascular dysfunction. Other deleterious changes in physical health (e. g. reduced sleep health, bone density, and balance) as well as changes in psychosocial health (e. g. mood, anxiety, and depression) often coincide and are linked to these increases in cardiometabolic risk. Physical activity and exercise are important lifestyle components that have been demonstrated to improve cardiometabolic, physical, and psychosocial health, yet physical activity and exercise is known to decline during perimenopause and into the postmenopausal years. In this narrative review, we summarize these changes in overall health during menopause as well as how declining physical activity contributes to these changes. Additionally, we discuss how incorporating physical activity and exercise during menopause can potentially ameliorate health declines. We conclude that there exists a significant, positive impact of physical activity on cardiometabolic, physical, and psychological health among midlife women, particularly if undertaken during the perimenopausal and postmenopausal years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Hulteen
- Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, United States
| | - Kara L. Marlatt
- Clinical Science, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, United States
| | - Timothy D. Allerton
- Basic Science, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, United States
| | - Dragana Lovre
- School of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States
- Medicine, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, United States
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13
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Syeda UA, Battillo D, Visaria A, Malin SK. The importance of exercise for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE OPEN 2023; 9:100031. [PMID: 39035065 PMCID: PMC11256236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Exercise is a first-line therapy recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although moderate to vigorous exercise (e.g. 150 min/wk) is often advised alongside diet and/or behavior modification, exercise is an independent treatment that can prevent, delay or reverse T2D. Habitual exercise, consisting of aerobic, resistance or their combination, fosters improved short- and long-term glycemic control. Recent work also shows high-intensity interval training is successful at lowering blood glucose, as is breaking up sedentary behavior with short-bouts of light to vigorous movement (e.g. up to 3min). Interestingly, performing afternoon compared with morning as well as post-meal versus pre-meal exercise may yield slightly better glycemic benefit. Despite these efficacious benefits of exercise for T2D care, optimal exercise recommendations remain unclear when considering, dietary, medication, and/or other behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- U.S. Afsheen Syeda
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Daniel Battillo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Aayush Visaria
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Sciences, Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Steven K. Malin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Sciences, Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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14
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Muli S, Brachem C, Alexy U, Schmid M, Oluwagbemigun K, Nöthlings U. Exploring the association of physical activity with the plasma and urine metabolome in adolescents and young adults. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:23. [PMID: 37020289 PMCID: PMC10074825 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity elicits many health benefits. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms through which physical activity influences overall health are less understood. Untargeted metabolomics enables system-wide mapping of molecular perturbations which may lend insights into physiological responses to regular physical activity. In this study, we investigated the associations of habitual physical activity with plasma and urine metabolome in adolescents and young adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study included participants from the DONALD (DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) study with plasma samples n = 365 (median age: 18.4 (18.1, 25.0) years, 58% females) and 24 h urine samples n = 215 (median age: 18.1 (17.1, 18.2) years, 51% females). Habitual physical activity was assessed using a validated Adolescent Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire. Plasma and urine metabolite concentrations were determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) methods. In a sex-stratified analysis, we conducted principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of metabolite data and to create metabolite patterns. Multivariable linear regression models were then applied to assess the associations between self-reported physical activity (metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-hours per week) with single metabolites and metabolite patterns, adjusted for potential confounders and controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) at 5% for each set of regressions. RESULTS Habitual physical activity was positively associated with the "lipid, amino acids and xenometabolite" pattern in the plasma samples of male participants only (β = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04, p = 0.001, adjusted p = 0.042). In both sexes, no association of physical activity with single metabolites in plasma and urine and metabolite patterns in urine was found (all adjusted p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our explorative study suggests that habitual physical activity is associated with alterations of a group of metabolites reflected in the plasma metabolite pattern in males. These perturbations may lend insights into some of underlying mechanisms that modulate effects of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Muli
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christian Brachem
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kolade Oluwagbemigun
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Dreher SI, Irmler M, Pivovarova-Ramich O, Kessler K, Jürchott K, Sticht C, Fritsche L, Schneeweiss P, Machann J, Pfeiffer AFH, Hrabě de Angelis M, Beckers J, Birkenfeld AL, Peter A, Niess AM, Weigert C, Moller A. Acute and long-term exercise adaptation of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in humans: a matched transcriptomics approach after 8-week training-intervention. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:313-324. [PMID: 36774413 PMCID: PMC10113153 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise exerts many health benefits by directly inducing molecular alterations in physically utilized skeletal muscle. Molecular adaptations of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) might also contribute to the prevention of metabolic diseases. AIM To characterize the response of human SCAT based on changes in transcripts and mitochondrial respiration to acute and repeated bouts of exercise in comparison to skeletal muscle. METHODS Sedentary participants (27 ± 4 yrs) with overweight or obesity underwent 8-week supervised endurance exercise 3×1h/week at 80% VO2peak. Before, 60 min after the first and last exercise bout and 5 days post intervention, biopsies were taken for transcriptomic analyses and high-resolution respirometry (n = 14, 8 female/6 male). RESULTS In SCAT, we found 37 acutely regulated transcripts (FC > 1.2, FDR < 10%) after the first exercise bout compared to 394, respectively, in skeletal muscle. Regulation of only 5 transcripts overlapped between tissues highlighting their differential response. Upstream and enrichment analyses revealed reduced transcripts of lipid uptake, storage and lipogenesis directly after exercise in SCAT and point to β-adrenergic regulation as potential major driver. The data also suggest an exercise-induced modulation of the circadian clock in SCAT. Neither term was associated with transcriptomic changes in skeletal muscle. No evidence for beigeing/browning was found in SCAT along with unchanged respiration. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue responds completely distinct from adaptations of skeletal muscle to exercise. The acute and repeated reduction in transcripts of lipid storage and lipogenesis, interconnected with a modulated circadian rhythm, can counteract metabolic syndrome progression toward diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon I Dreher
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Kessler
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karsten Jürchott
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Next Generation Sequencing Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Louise Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Schneeweiss
- Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Niess
- Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Anja Moller
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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16
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Aladel A, Khatoon F, Khan MI, Alsheweir A, Almutairi MG, Almutairi SO, Almutairi FK, Osmonaliev K, Beg MMA. Evaluation of miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 Expression and Their Association with Vitamin-D Status Among Obese and Non-Obese Type-2 Diabetic Patients. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:2979-2990. [PMID: 36597468 PMCID: PMC9805745 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s391996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Growing epidemics of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity have become a serious health concern. Since miRNAs and vitamin levels affect the development and progression of numerous pathogenic diseases, including diabetes, the present study aimed to evaluate miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 expression and vitamin-D status among obese and non-obese T2DM patients. Methods The study included 100 clinically confirmed newly diagnosed obese and non-obese T2DM cases and 100 healthy subjects. Total RNA was extracted from collected blood samples and 100 ng of RNA was used for cDNA synthesis, then TaqMan assay was performed to evaluate the miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 relative expression. Results T2DM cases with hypertension (4.08 fold, p=0.01; 5.36 fold, p=0.009), fatigue (5.07 fold, p=0.04; 5.32 fold, p=0.03) and blurred vision (5.15 fold, p=0.01) showed higher miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 relative expression compared with their counterparts, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 expression and decreased vitamin-D status in T2DM had significant association with impaired blood glucose fasting (p=0.001) and HDL level (p<0.0001). Obese T2DM cases showed higher miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 expression compared with their counterparts. Vitamin-D deficient T2DM cases had higher miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 expression (5.69 fold, 5.91 fold) compared with insufficient (4.27 fold, p=0.03; 4.61 fold, p=0.03) and sufficient (4.08 fold, p=0.002; 4.29 fold, p=0.003). ROC curve for miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 between obese T2DM vs non-obese T2DM cases, at best possible cutoff value of 4.39 fold, 4.0 fold showed increased miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 expression, the sensitivity and specificity were 85%, 88% and 61%, 53% respectively (AUC=0.83, p<0.0001; AUC=0.81, p<0.0001). Conclusion Higher miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 expression could be a predictive indicator for obese T2DM cases, decreased status of vitamin-D was also significantly associated with impaired fasting blood sugar and HDL level, therefore it is important to evaluate the vitamin-D status among T2DM cases for better clinical outcome during the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanoud Aladel
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahmida Khatoon
- Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Idreesh Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass, 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzah Alsheweir
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Ghazi Almutairi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Almethnab General Hospital, Qassim Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al Mithnab, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Owaidh Almutairi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Almethnab General Hospital, Qassim Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al Mithnab, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Khalid Almutairi
- Laboratory Department, Armed Forces Hospital in Qassim, Medical Services, Ministry of Defense Qassim Buraydah Al-Rass, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mirza Masroor Ali Beg
- Faculty of Medicine, Alatoo International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan,Centre for Promotion of Medical Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan,Correspondence: Mirza Masroor Ali Beg, Email
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17
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HIIT Ameliorates Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism by Regulating Macrophage Polarization and Mitochondrial Dynamics in the Liver of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mice. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010014. [PMID: 36676939 PMCID: PMC9862084 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT), a new type of exercise, can effectively prevent the progression of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HIIT on liver inflammation and metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ) and to explore the possible mechanisms of macrophage polarization and mitochondrial dynamics. Our results showed that HIIT can increase fatty acid oxidation-related gene (PPARα, CPT1α, and ACOX1) mRNA levels and decrease adipogenesis-related gene (PPARγ) mRNA levels to improve liver metabolism in T2DM mice. The improvement of lipid metabolism disorder may occur through increasing liver mitochondrial biosynthesis-related genes (PGC-1α and TFAM) and restoring mitochondrial dynamics-related gene (MFN2 and DRP1) mRNA levels. HIIT can also reduce the mRNA levels of liver inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1) in T2DM mice. The reduction in liver inflammation may occur through reducing the expression of total macrophage marker (F4/80) and M1 macrophage marker (CD86) mRNA and protein and increasing the expression of M2 macrophage marker (CD163, CD206, and Arg1) mRNA and protein in the liver. HIIT can also increase the expression of insulin signaling pathway (IRS1, PI3K, and AKT) mRNA and protein in the liver of T2DM mice, which may be related to the improvements in liver inflammation and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, these results suggested that 8 weeks of HIIT can improve inflammation and lipid metabolism disorders in the liver of type 2 diabetes mellitus mice, macrophage M1/M2 polarization, and mitochondrial dynamics may be involved in this process.
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18
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Wang B, Gan L, Deng Y, Zhu S, Li G, Nasser MI, Liu N, Zhu P. Cardiovascular Disease and Exercise: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247511. [PMID: 36556132 PMCID: PMC9785879 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivity is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exercise may greatly enhance the metabolism and function of the cardiovascular system, lower several risk factors, and prevent the development and treatment of cardiovascular disease while delivering easy, physical, and emotional enjoyment. Exercise regulates the cardiovascular system by reducing oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, regulating cardiovascular insulin sensitivity and the body's metabolism, promoting stem cell mobilization, strengthening autophagy and myocardial mitochondrial function, and enhancing cardiovascular damage resistance, among other effects. Appropriate exercise intervention has become an essential adjuvant therapy in clinical practice for treating and rehabilitating various cardiovascular diseases. However, the prescription of exercise for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, particularly the precise selection of individual exercise techniques and their volume, remains controversial. Using multiomics to explain further the molecular process underlying the positive effects of exercise on cardiovascular health will not only improve our understanding of the effects of exercise on health but also establish a scientific basis and supply new ideas for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases by activating the endogenous protective mechanisms of the body and suggesting more specific exercise prescriptions for cardiovascular rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuzhi Deng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuoji Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ge Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (M.I.N.); (N.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Nanbo Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (M.I.N.); (N.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China; (B.W.); (L.G.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (M.I.N.); (N.L.); (P.Z.)
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19
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Azócar-Gallardo J, Ramirez-Campillo R, Afonso J, Sá M, Granacher U, González-Rojas L, Ojeda-Aravena A, García-García JM. Overweight and Obese Adult Patients Show Larger Benefits from Concurrent Training Compared with Pharmacological Metformin Treatment on Insulin Resistance and Fat Oxidation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14331. [PMID: 36361210 PMCID: PMC9655487 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, a drug widely used to treat insulin resistance, and training that combines aerobic and strength exercise modalities (i.e., concurrent training) may improve insulin sensitivity. However, there is a paucity of clinical trials investigating the effects of concurrent training, particularly on insulin resistance and fat oxidation in overweight and obese patients. Furthermore, only a few studies have compared the effects of concurrent training with metformin treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 12-week concurrent training program versus pharmaceutical treatment with metformin on maximum fat oxidation, glucose metabolism, and insulin resistance in overweight or obese adult patients. Male and female patients with insulin resistance were allocated by convenience to a concurrent training group (n = 7 (2 males); age = 32.9 ± 8.3 years; body mass index = 30 ± 4.0 kg·m-2) or a metformin group (n = 7 (2 males); age = 34.4 ± 14.0 years; body mass index = 34.4 ± 6.0 kg·m-2). Before and after the interventions, all participants were assessed for total body mass, body mass index, fat mass, fat-free mass, maximum oxygen consumption, maximal fat oxidization during exercise, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance through the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). Due to non-normal distribution of the variable maximal fat oxidation, the Mann-Whitney U test was applied and revealed better maximal fat oxidization (Δ = 308%) in the exercise compared with the metformin group (Δ = -30.3%; p = 0.035). All other outcome variables were normally distributed, and significant group-by-time interactions were found for HOMA-IR (p < 0.001, Δ = -84.5%), fasting insulin (p < 0.001, Δ = -84.6%), and increased maximum oxygen consumption (p = 0.046, Δ = 12.3%) in favor of the exercise group. Similar changes were found in both groups for the remaining dependent variables. Concurrent training seems to be more effective compared with pharmaceutical metformin treatment to improve insulin resistance and fat oxidation in overweight and obese adult patients with insulin resistance. The rather small sample size calls for more research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Azócar-Gallardo
- Programa de Investigación en Deporte, Sociedad y Buen Vivir (DSBv), Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - José Afonso
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Sá
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-751 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, 79102 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luis González-Rojas
- Centro Tratamiento de la Obesidad, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| | - Alex Ojeda-Aravena
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2581967, Chile
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20
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Changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue microRNA expression in response to exercise training in obese African women. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18408. [PMID: 36319747 PMCID: PMC9626597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that underlie exercise-induced adaptations in adipose tissue have not been elucidated, yet, accumulating studies suggest an important role for microRNAs (miRNAs). This study aimed to investigate miRNA expression in gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (GSAT) in response to a 12-week exercise intervention in South African women with obesity, and to assess depot-specific differences in miRNA expression in GSAT and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT). In addition, the association between exercise-induced changes in miRNA expression and metabolic risk was evaluated. Women underwent 12-weeks of supervised aerobic and resistance training (n = 19) or maintained their regular physical activity during this period (n = 12). Exercise-induced miRNAs were identified in GSAT using Illumina sequencing, followed by analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs in GSAT and ASAT using quantitative real-time PCR. Associations between the changes (pre- and post-exercise training) in miRNA expression and metabolic parameters were evaluated using Spearman's correlation tests. Exercise training significantly increased the expression of miR-155-5p (1.5-fold, p = 0.045), miR-329-3p (2.1-fold, p < 0.001) and miR-377-3p (1.7-fold, p = 0.013) in GSAT, but not in ASAT. In addition, a novel miRNA, MYN0617, was identified in GSAT, with low expression in ASAT. The exercise-induced differences in miRNA expression were correlated with each other and associated with changes in high-density lipoprotein concentrations. Exercise training induced adipose-depot specific miRNA expression within subcutaneous adipose tissue depots from South African women with obesity. The significance of the association between exercise-induced miRNAs and metabolic risk warrants further investigation.
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21
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Kullmann S, Goj T, Veit R, Fritsche L, Wagner L, Schneeweiss P, Hoene M, Hoffmann C, Machann J, Niess A, Preissl H, Birkenfeld AL, Peter A, Häring HU, Fritsche A, Moller A, Weigert C, Heni M. Exercise restores brain insulin sensitivity in sedentary adults who are overweight and obese. JCI Insight 2022; 7:161498. [PMID: 36134657 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDInsulin resistance of the brain can unfavorably affect long-term weight maintenance and body fat distribution. Little is known if and how brain insulin sensitivity can be restored in humans. We aimed to evaluate the effects of an exercise intervention on insulin sensitivity of the brain and how this relates to exercise-induced changes in whole-body metabolism and behavior.METHODSIn this clinical trial, sedentary participants who were overweight and obese underwent an 8-week supervised aerobic training intervention. Brain insulin sensitivity was assessed in 21 participants (14 women, 7 men; age range 21-59 years; BMI range 27.5-45.5 kg/m2) using functional MRI, combined with intranasal administration of insulin, before and after the intervention.RESULTSThe exercise program resulted in enhanced brain insulin action to the level of a person of healthy weight, demonstrated by increased insulin-induced striatal activity and strengthened hippocampal functional connectivity. Improved brain insulin action correlated with increased mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle, reductions in visceral fat and hunger, as well as improved cognition. Mediation analyses suggest that improved brain insulin responsiveness helps mediate the peripheral exercise effects leading to healthier body fat distribution and reduced perception of hunger.CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrates that an 8-week exercise intervention in sedentary individuals can restore insulin action in the brain. Hence, the ameliorating benefits of exercise toward brain insulin resistance may provide an objective therapeutic target in humans in the challenge to reduce diabetes risk factors.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03151590).FUNDINGBMBF/DZD 01GI0925.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kullmann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Goj
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and
| | - Ralf Veit
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Louise Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lore Wagner
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Schneeweiss
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Miriam Hoene
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and
| | | | - Jürgen Machann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Section on Experimental Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Niess
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Moller
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and
| | - Martin Heni
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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22
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Keating N, Coveney C, McAuliffe FM, Higgins MF. Aerobic or Resistance Exercise for Improved Glycaemic Control and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10791. [PMID: 36078508 PMCID: PMC9518565 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is often recommended in addition to diet and medication in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Our aim was to determine if strength training compared with aerobic exercise had an impact on glycaemic control, maternal and neonatal outcomes. The Cochrane library, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey were searched. Over 758 pregnant women (mother-baby pairs) from 14 studies are included in this systematic review. Interventions ranged from cycling, aerobic exercises, walking, yoga, or combined aerobic and resistance exercises. Of the studies identified, none directly compared aerobic exercise with strength training. Half of the studies showed benefit in glycaemic control with additional exercise compared with usual physical activity. There was largely no impact on obstetric or neonatal outcomes. Studies on exercise in GDM have reiterated the safety of exercise in pregnancy and shown mixed effects on maternal glycaemic control, with no apparent impact on pregnancy outcomes. The heterogenicity of reported studies make it difficult to make specific recommendations on the optimum exercise modality for the management of GDM. The use of a core outcome set for GDM may improve reporting of studies on the role of exercise in its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Keating
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, D02 YH21 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara Coveney
- Department of Midwifery, National Maternity Hospital, D02 YH21 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M. McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, D02 YH21 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary F. Higgins
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, D02 YH21 Dublin, Ireland
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23
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A pilot investigation of genetic and epigenetic variation of FKBP5 and response to exercise intervention in African women with obesity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11771. [PMID: 35817784 PMCID: PMC9273786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated gluteal (GSAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) DNA methylation of FKBP5 in response to a 12-week intervention in African women with obesity, as well as the effect of the rs1360780 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on FKBP5 methylation, gene expression and post-exercise training adaptations in obesity and metabolic related parameters. Exercise (n = 19) participants underwent 12-weeks of supervised aerobic and resistance training while controls (n = 12) continued their usual behaviours. FKBP5 methylation was measured in GSAT and ASAT using pyrosequencing. SNP and gene expression analyses were conducted using quantitative real-time PCR. Exercise training induced FKBP5 hypermethylation at two CpG dinucleotides within intron 7. When stratified based on the rs1360780 SNP, participants with the CT genotype displayed FKBP5 hypermethylation in GSAT (p < 0.05), and ASAT displayed in both CC and CT carriers. CC allele carriers displayed improved cardiorespiratory fitness, insulin sensitivity, gynoid fat mass, and waist circumference (p < 0.05) in response to exercise training, and these parameters were attenuated in women with the CT genotype. These findings provide a basis for future studies in larger cohorts, which should assess whether FKBP5 methylation and/or genetic variants such as the rs1360780 SNP could have a significant impact on responsiveness to exercise interventions.
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24
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Park SS, Kim TW, Kim BK, Kim SH, Park JS, Shin MS. The effects of exercise and diet on mental status, insulin signaling pathway, and microbiome in obese mice. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 18:171-178. [PMID: 35846233 PMCID: PMC9271650 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244278.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise and diet on mental status, insulin signaling pathway, serotonin synthesis, and microbiome in high-fat-induced obesity mice. Before the start of this experiment, obesity groups made obese mice by administering a high-fat diet containing 60% fat for 12 weeks. In the obesity with exercise group, after a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, exercise was performed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks. In the obesity with diet group, a high-fat diet for 12 weeks followed by a normal diet for 8 weeks. Depression and anxiety were determined by open field test and elevated plus maze test. Immunohistochemistry for tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe, western blot analysis for phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-ATK), total AKT (t-AKT), phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K), and total PI3K (t-PI3K) in the hippocampus were performed. Analysis of microbiome was also conducted. Obesity-induced depression and anxiety status, suppressed ratio of p-AKT/t-AKT and p-PI3K/t-PI3K, and inhibited TPH synthesis. Exercise and diet improved depression and anxiety status, activated p-AKT/t-AKT and p-PI3K/t-PI3K, and increased TPH synthesis. Exercise and diet improved depression and anxiety status by increasing the insulin signaling pathway and promoting serotonin production. These effects of exercise and diet were almost similar. In addition, exercise and diet regulated the composition of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Seo Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Human Health Care, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Bo-Kyun Kim
- Department of Emergency Technology, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Culture and Sports, Division of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jong-Suk Park
- College of Culture and Sports, Division of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Mal-Soon Shin
- College of Culture and Sports, Division of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
- Corresponding author: Mal-Soon Shin, College of Culture and Sports, Division of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Korea,
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Curiel-Cervantes V, Solis-Sainz JC, Camacho-Barrón M, Aguilar-Galarza A, Valencia ME, Anaya-Loyola MA. Systematic training in master swimmer athletes increases serum insulin growth factor-1 and decreases myostatin and irisin levels. Growth Factors 2022; 40:1-12. [PMID: 35343347 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2049262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
During ageing, anabolic status is essential to prevent the decrease in quantity and quality of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Exercise modulates endocrine markers of muscle status. We studied the differences of endocrine markers for muscle status in 62 non-sarcopenic Mexican swimmer adults aged 30-70 y/o, allocated into two groups: the systematic training (ST) group including master athletes with a physical activity level (PAL) >1.6, and the non-systematic training group (NST) composed by subjects with a PAL <1.5. Body composition, diet, biochemical and endocrine markers were analyzed. The ST group showed lower myostatin (MSTN) and irisin (IRI) levels, two strong regulators of SMM. The insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was higher in the ST. This is consistent with most of the evidence in young athletes and resistance training programs, where IGF-1 and IRI seem to play a crucial role in maintaining anabolic status in master athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Curiel-Cervantes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - J C Solis-Sainz
- Departament of Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - M Camacho-Barrón
- Human Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - A Aguilar-Galarza
- Department of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - M E Valencia
- Department of Chemical-Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - M A Anaya-Loyola
- Human Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
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Winberg J, Rentz J, Sugamori K, Swardfager W, Mitchell J. Sex Differences in Metabolic and Behavioral Responses to Exercise but Not Exogenous Osteocalcin Treatment in Mice Fed a High Fat Diet. Front Physiol 2022; 13:831056. [PMID: 35309065 PMCID: PMC8924498 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.831056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise helps improve glucose handling in diabetes and has been shown to improve mood and cognition in other conditions. Osteocalcin, a protein produced by bone osteoblasts, was reported to have endocrine actions to improve both metabolism and also improve age-related cognitive deficits in mice. Methods This study was designed to compare the effects of daily treadmill running exercise with injection of osteocalcin in high fat diet (HFD) induced diabetes in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Following established glucose intolerance and treatment for 8 weeks, mice were assessed for anxiety on an elevated plus maze, motivation by tail suspension test and cognition and memory in a puzzle box. Endogenous osteocalcin was measured by ELISA. Results Mice on HFD had high weight gain, glucose intolerance and increased white fat. Exercise increased circulating osteocalcin levels in female mice but decreased them in male mice. Exercise also decreased weight gain and improved glucose tolerance in female but not male mice; however, treatment with osteocalcin made no metabolic improvements in either males or females. HFD induced anxiety only in female mice and this was not improved by osteocalcin. Exercise induced anxiety only in male mice. HFD also increased depressive-like behavior in both sexes, and this was improved by either exercise or osteocalcin treatment. Cognitive deficits were seen in both male and female mice on HFD. Exercise improved cognitive performance in female but not male mice, while osteocalcin treatment improved cognitive performance in both sexes. Conclusion There were sex differences in the effects of exercise on endogenous osteocalcin regulation that correlated with improvements in cognitive but not metabolic outcomes. Exogenous osteocalcin did not improve metabolism but was effective in improving HFD-induced cognitive deficits. Sex is an important variable in hormonal and cognitive responses to exercise in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Winberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jesse Rentz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kim Sugamori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Walter Swardfager,
| | - Jane Mitchell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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You Y, Wang D, Liu J, Chen Y, Ma X, Li W. Physical Exercise in the Context of Air Pollution: An Emerging Research Topic. Front Physiol 2022; 13:784705. [PMID: 35295574 PMCID: PMC8918627 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.784705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise (PE) brings physiological benefits to human health; paradoxically, exposure to air pollution (AP) is harmful. Hence, the combined effects of AP and PE are interesting issues worth exploring. The objective of this study is to review literature involved in AP-PE fields to perform a knowledge-map analysis and explore the collaborations, current hotspots, physiological applications, and future perspectives. Herein, cluster, co-citation, and co-occurrence analysis were applied using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. The results demonstrated that AP-PE domains have been springing up and in rapid growth since the 21st century. Subsequently, active countries and institutions were identified, and the productive institutions were mainly located in USA, China, UK, Spain, and Canada. Developed countries seemed to be the major promoters. Additionally, subject analysis found that environmental science, public health, and sports medicine were the core subjects, and multidimensional communications were forming. Thereafter, a holistic presentation of reference co-citation clusters was conducted to discover the research topics and trace the development focuses. Youth, elite athletes, and rural population were regarded as the noteworthy subjects. Commuter exposure and moderate aerobic exercise represented the common research context and exercise strategy, respectively. Simultaneously, the research hotspots and application fields were elaborated by keyword co-occurrence distribution. It was noted that physiological adaptations including respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, and mental health were the major themes; oxidative stress and inflammatory response were the mostly referred mechanisms. Finally, several challenges were proposed, which are beneficial to promote the development of the research field. Molecular mechanisms and specific pathways are still unknown and the equilibrium points and dose-effect relationships remain to be further explored. We are highly confident that this study provides a unique perspective to systematically and comprehensively review the pieces of AP-PE research and its related physiological mechanisms for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei You
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dizhi Wang
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuquan Chen
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xindong Ma
| | - Wenkai Li
- China Table Tennis College, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Wenkai Li
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Sheikholeslami-Vatani D, Rostamzadeh N. Changes in Appetite-Dependent Hormones and Body Composition After 8 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training and Vitamin D Supplementation in Sedentary Overweight Men. Front Nutr 2022; 9:827630. [PMID: 35198590 PMCID: PMC8860169 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.827630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and diet are important factors for energy balance and appetite regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and vitamin D3 supplementation in sedentary overweight men. Forty-eight participants were randomly assigned to one of the following four groups (n = 12): HIIT + VitD, HIIT + placebo (3 sessions per week, 10 × 1 min interval cycling at 90-100% VO2peak separated by 1 min active recovery at 15% VO2peakfor 8 weeks), Vit D and control groups. Participants received 2,000 IU/day 25 (OH) D3 or placebo. Measurements were taken pre and post training after 10 h overnight fasting. Insulin, weight, BMI and body fat percentage were significantly decreased, but PYY was significantly increased in the HIIT + Vit D and HIIT + placebo groups (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) after 8 weeks of HIIT. Insulin (p = 0.009, p = 0.001), weight, BMI and body fat percentage (p = 0.001, p = 0.001) were significantly lower in the HIIT + Vit D and HIIT + placebo groups compared to the Vit D and control groups. However, PYY was significantly higher in the HIIT + Vit D group compared to the Vit D (p = 0.025) and control groups (p = 0.007) and also in the HIIT + placebo group compared to the Vit D (p = 0.037) and control groups (p = 0.032) after 8 weeks of HIIT. The combination of regular HIIT with vitamin D supplementation has a effect on appetite control and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naser Rostamzadeh
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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29
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TLR4-Mediated Inflammatory Responses Regulate Exercise-Induced Molecular Adaptations in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031877. [PMID: 35163799 PMCID: PMC8837103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise induces various adaptations that yield health benefits; however, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Given that it has recently been accepted that inflammatory responses are required for a specific muscle adaptation after exercise, this study investigated whether toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, a pattern recognition receptor that induces proinflammatory cytokines, is responsible for exercise-induced adaptations in mouse skeletal muscle. The TLR4 mutant (TLR4m) and intact TLR4 control mice were each divided into 2 groups (sedentary and voluntary wheel running) and were housed for six weeks. Next, we removed the plantaris muscle and evaluated the expression of cytokines and muscle regulators. Exercise increased cytokine expression in the controls, whereas a smaller increase was observed in the TLR4m mice. Mitochondrial markers and mitochondrial biogenesis inducers, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta and heat shock protein 72, were increased in the exercised controls, whereas this upregulation was attenuated in the TLR4m mice. In contrast, exercise increased the expression of molecules such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha and glucose transporter 4 in both the controls and TLR4m mice. Our findings indicate that exercise adaptations such as mitochondrial biogenesis are mediated via TLR4, and that TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses could be involved in the mechanism of adaptation.
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30
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Galán B, Serdan T, Rodrigues L, Manoel R, Gorjão R, Masi L, Pithon-Curi T, Curi R, Hirabara S. Reviewing physical exercise in non-obese diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e11795. [PMID: 35648976 PMCID: PMC9150428 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e11795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high incidence of non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-obese-T2DM) cases, particularly in Asian countries, for which the pathogenesis remains mainly unclear. Interestingly, Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats spontaneously develop insulin resistance (IR) and non-obese-T2DM, making them a lean diabetes model. Physical exercise is a non-pharmacological therapeutic approach to reduce adipose tissue mass, improving peripheral IR, glycemic control, and quality of life in obese animals or humans with T2DM. In this narrative review, we selected and analyzed the published literature on the effects of physical exercise on the metabolic features associated with non-obese-T2DM. Only randomized controlled trials with regular physical exercise training, freely executed physical activity, or skeletal muscle stimulation protocols in GK rats published after 2008 were included. The results indicated that exercise reduces plasma insulin levels, increases skeletal muscle glycogen content, improves exercise tolerance, protects renal and myocardial function, and enhances blood oxygen flow in GK rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.S.M. Galán
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil
| | - T.D.A. Serdan
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil; New York University, USA
| | - L.E. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil
| | - R. Manoel
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil
| | - R. Gorjão
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil
| | - L.N. Masi
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil
| | - T.C. Pithon-Curi
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil
| | - R. Curi
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil; Instituto Butantan, Brasil
| | - S.M. Hirabara
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil
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Streckmann F, Balke M, Cavaletti G, Toscanelli A, Bloch W, Décard BF, Lehmann HC, Faude O. Exercise and Neuropathy: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2021; 52:1043-1065. [PMID: 34964950 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral neuropathies are a prevalent, heterogeneous group of diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Symptoms are often debilitating, difficult to treat, and usually become chronic. Not only do they diminish patients' quality of life, but they can also affect medical therapy and lead to complications. To date, for most conditions there are no evidence-based causal treatment options available. Research has increased considerably since the last review in 2014 regarding the therapeutic potential of exercise interventions for patients with polyneuropathy. OBJECTIVE Our objective in this systematic review with meta-analysis was to analyze exercise interventions for neuropathic patients in order to update a systematic review from 2014 and to evaluate the potential benefits of exercise on neuropathies of different origin that can then be translated into practice. METHODS Two independent reviewers performed a systematic review with meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Inclusion criteria according to the PICOS approach were: neuropathic patients, exercise interventions only, an inactive or non-exercising control group, and solely randomized controlled trials with the following outcome parameters: neuropathic symptoms, balance parameters, functional mobility, gait, health-related quality of life, and HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin). RESULTS A total of 41 randomized, controlled trials met all inclusion criteria, 20 of which could be included in the quantitative analysis. Study quality varied from moderate to high. Current data further support the hypothesis that exercise is beneficial for neuropathic patients. This is best documented for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) (27 studies) as well as for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) (nine studies), while there are only few studies (five) on all other causes of neuropathy. We found standardized mean differences in favor of the exercise group of 0.27-2.00 for static balance, Berg Balance Scale, Timed-up-and-go-test, nerve conduction velocity of peroneal and sural nerve as well as for HbA1c in patients with DPN, and standardized mean differences of 0.43-0.75 for static balance, quality of life, and neuropathy-induced symptoms in patients with CIPN. CONCLUSION For DPN, evidence-based recommendations can now be made, suggesting a combination of endurance and sensorimotor training to be most beneficial. For patients with CIPN, sensorimotor training remains the most crucial component. For all other neuropathies, more high-quality research is needed to derive evidence-based recommendations. Overall, it seems that sensorimotor training has great potential to target most neuropathies and combined with endurance training is therefore currently the best treatment option for neuropathies. REGISTRATION NUMBER: (PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019124583)/16.04.2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Streckmann
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Maryam Balke
- Department of Early Neurological and Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation, St. Marien-Hospital, Kunibertskloster 11-13, 50668, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Witten/Herdecke, Holthauser Talstraße 2, 58256, Ennepetal, Germany
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Alexandra Toscanelli
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard F Décard
- Department of Medicine, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helmar C Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Faude
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
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TGF-β Induction of miR-143/145 Is Associated to Exercise Response by Influencing Differentiation and Insulin Signaling Molecules in Human Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123443. [PMID: 34943951 PMCID: PMC8700369 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical training improves insulin sensitivity and can prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, approximately 20% of individuals lack a beneficial outcome in glycemic control. TGF-β, identified as a possible upstream regulator involved in this low response, is also a potent regulator of microRNAs (miRNAs). The aim of this study was to elucidate the potential impact of TGF-β-driven miRNAs on individual exercise response. Non-targeted long and sncRNA sequencing analyses of TGF-β1-treated human skeletal muscle cells corroborated the effects of TGF-β1 on muscle cell differentiation, the induction of extracellular matrix components, and identified several TGF-β1-regulated miRNAs. qPCR validated a potent upregulation of miR-143-3p/145-5p and miR-181a2-5p by TGF-β1 in both human myoblasts and differentiated myotubes. Healthy subjects who were overweight or obese participated in a supervised 8-week endurance training intervention (n = 40) and were categorized as responder or low responder in glycemic control based on fold change ISIMats (≥+1.1 or <+1.1, respectively). In skeletal muscle biopsies of low responders, TGF-β signaling and miR-143/145 cluster levels were induced by training at much higher rates than among responders. Target-mining revealed HDACs, MYHs, and insulin signaling components INSR and IRS1 as potential miR-143/145 cluster targets. All these targets were down-regulated in TGF-β1-treated myotubes. Transfection of miR-143-3p/145-5p mimics in differentiated myotubes validated MYH1, MYH4, and IRS1 as miR-143/145 cluster targets. Elevated TGF-β signaling and miR-143/145 cluster induction in skeletal muscle of low responders might obstruct improvements in insulin sensitivity by training in two ways: by a negative impact of miR-143-3p on muscle cell fusion and myofiber functionality and by directly impairing insulin signaling via a reduction in INSR by TGF-β and finetuned IRS1 suppression by miR-143-3p.
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Chung MY, Choi HK, Hwang JT. AMPK Activity: A Primary Target for Diabetes Prevention with Therapeutic Phytochemicals. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114050. [PMID: 34836306 PMCID: PMC8621568 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome characterized by inadequate blood glucose control and is associated with reduced quality of life and various complications, significantly shortening life expectancy. Natural phytochemicals found in plants have been traditionally used as medicines for the prevention of chronic diseases including diabetes in East Asia since ancient times. Many of these phytochemicals have been characterized as having few side effects, and scientific research into the mechanisms of action responsible has accumulated mounting evidence for their efficacy. These compounds, which may help to prevent metabolic syndrome disorders including diabetes, act through relevant intracellular signaling pathways. In this review, we examine the anti-diabetic efficacy of several compounds and extracts derived from medicinal plants, with a focus on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Chung
- Personalized Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeonju 55365, Korea; (M.-Y.C.); (H.-K.C.)
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Personalized Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeonju 55365, Korea; (M.-Y.C.); (H.-K.C.)
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Personalized Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeonju 55365, Korea; (M.-Y.C.); (H.-K.C.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-219-9315; Fax: +82-63-219-9876
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Pinnaro CT, Tansey MJ. The Evolution of Insulin Administration in Type 1 Diabetes. JOURNAL OF DIABETES MELLITUS 2021; 11:249-277. [PMID: 37745178 PMCID: PMC10516284 DOI: 10.4236/jdm.2021.115021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Insulin has been utilized in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) for 100 years. While there is still no cure for T1D, insulin administration has undergone a remarkable evolution which has contributed to improvements in quality of life and life expectancy in individuals with T1D. The advent of faster-acting and longer-acting insulins allowed for the implementation of insulin regimens more closely resembling normal insulin physiology. These improvements afforded better glycemic control, which is crucial for limiting microvascular complications and improving T1D outcomes. Suspension of insulin delivery in response to actual and forecasted hypoglycemia has improved quality of life and mitigated hypoglycemia without compromising glycemic control. Advances in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and insulin pumps, efforts to model glucose and insulin kinetics, and the application of control theory to T1D have made the automation of insulin delivery a reality. This review will summarize the past, present, and future of insulin administration in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherina T Pinnaro
- University of Iowa Stead Family Department of Pediatrics
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center
| | - Michael J Tansey
- University of Iowa Stead Family Department of Pediatrics
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center
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35
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Massart J, Sjögren RJO, Egan B, Garde C, Lindgren M, Gu W, Ferreira DMS, Katayama M, Ruas JL, Barrès R, O'Gorman DJ, Zierath JR, Krook A. Endurance exercise training-responsive miR-19b-3p improves skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5948. [PMID: 34642330 PMCID: PMC8511155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue and remodels in response to exercise training. Using short RNA sequencing, we determine the miRNA profile of skeletal muscle from healthy male volunteers before and after a 14-day aerobic exercise training regime. Among the exercise training-responsive miRNAs identified, miR-19b-3p was selected for further validation. Overexpression of miR-19b-3p in human skeletal muscle cells increases insulin signaling, glucose uptake, and maximal oxygen consumption, recapitulating the adaptive response to aerobic exercise training. Overexpression of miR-19b-3p in mouse flexor digitorum brevis muscle enhances contraction-induced glucose uptake, indicating that miR-19b-3p exerts control on exercise training-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle. Potential targets of miR-19b-3p that are reduced after aerobic exercise training include KIF13A, MAPK6, RNF11, and VPS37A. Amongst these, RNF11 silencing potentiates glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle cells. Collectively, we identify miR-19b-3p as an aerobic exercise training-induced miRNA that regulates skeletal muscle glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Massart
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rasmus J O Sjögren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brendan Egan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health & Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Garde
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus Lindgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weifeng Gu
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Duarte M S Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mutsumi Katayama
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Donal J O'Gorman
- Department of Health & Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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A risk-prediction model using parameters of maternal body composition to identify gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 45:312-321. [PMID: 34620334 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate early risk-prediction for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) would target intervention and prevention in women at the highest risk. We evaluated maternal risk-factors and parameters of body-composition to develop a prediction model for GDM in early gestation. METHODS A prospective observational study was undertaken. Pregnant women aged between 18 and 50 y of age with gestational age between 10 and 16 weeks were included in the study. Women aged ≤18 y, twin-pregnancies, known foetal anomaly or pre-existing condition affecting oedema status were excluded. 8-point-skinfold thickness (SFT), mid-upper-arm-circumference (MUAC), waist, hip, weight and ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral abdominal-adipose (VAT) were measured. Oral-glucose-tolerance-test (OGTT) for GDM diagnosis was undertaken at 28 weeks gestation. Binomial logistic-regression models were used to predict GDM. ROC-analysis determined discrimination and concordance of model and individual variables. RESULTS 188 women underwent OGTT at ~28 weeks gestation. 20 women developed GDM. BMI (24.7 kg m-2 (±6.1), 29.9 kg m-2 (±7.8), p = 0.022), abdominal SAT(1.32 cm (CI 1.31, 1.53), 1.99 cm (CI 1.64, 2.31), p = 0.027), abdominal VAT(0.78 cm (CI 0.8, 0.96), 1.41 cm (CI 1.11, 1.65), p = 0.002), truncal SFT (84.8 mm (CI 88.2, 101.6), 130.4 mm (CI 105.1, 140.1), p = 0.010), waist (79.8 cm (CI 80.3, 84.1), 90.3 cm (CI 85.9, 96.2), p = 0.006) and gluteal hip (94.3 cm (CI 93.9, 98.0), 108.6 cm (CI 99.9, 111.6), p = 0.023) were higher in GDM vs. non-GDM. After screening variables for inclusion into the multivariate model, family history of diabetes, previous perinatal death, overall insulin resistant condition, abdominal SAT and VAT, 8-point SFT, MUAC and weight were included. The combined multivariate prediction model achieved an excellent level of discrimination, with an AUC of 0.860 (CI 0.774, 0.945) for GDM. CONCLUSIONS An early gestation risk prediction model, incorporating known risk-factors, and parameters of body-composition, accurately identify pregnant women in their first-trimester who developed GDM later on in gestation. This methodology could be used clinically to identify at-risk pregnancies, and target specific treatment through referred services to those mothers who would most benefit.
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Romeres D, Schiavon M, Basu A, Cobelli C, Basu R, Dalla Man C. Exercise effect on insulin-dependent and insulin-independent glucose utilization in healthy individuals and individuals with type 1 diabetes: a modeling study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E122-E129. [PMID: 33998292 PMCID: PMC8321821 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00084.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Exercise effects (EE) on whole body glucose rate of disappearance (Rd) occur through insulin-independent (IIRd) and insulin-dependent (IDRd) mechanisms. Quantifying these processes in vivo would allow a better understanding of the physiology of glucose regulation. This is of particular importance in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) since such a knowledge may help to improve glucose management. However, such a model is still lacking. Here, we analyzed data from six T1D and six nondiabetic (ND) subjects undergoing a labeled glucose clamp study during, before, and after a 60-min exercise session at 65% V̇o2max on three randomized visits: euglycemia-low insulin, euglycemia-high insulin, and hyperglycemia-low insulin. We tested a set of models, all sharing a single-compartment description of glucose kinetics, but differing in how exercise is assumed to modulate glucose disposal. Model selection was based on parsimony criteria. The best model assumed an exercise-induced immediate effect on IIRd and a delayed effect on IDRd. It predicted that exercise increases IIRd, compared with rest, by 66%-82% and 67%-97% in T1D and ND, respectively, not significantly different between the two groups. Conversely, the exercise effect on IDRd ranged between 81% and 155% in T1D and it was significantly higher than ND, which ranged between 10% and 40%. The exaggerated effect observed in IDRd can explain the higher hypoglycemia risk related to individuals with T1D. This novel exercise model could help in informing safe and effective glucose management during and after exercise in individuals with T1D.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we present a new mathematical model describing the effect of moderate physical activity on insulin-mediated and noninsulin-mediated glucose disposal in subjects with and without diabetes. We believe that this represents a step-forward in the knowledge of type 1 diabetes pathophysiology, and an useful tool to design safe and effective insulin-therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Romeres
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Schiavon
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ananda Basu
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Claudio Cobelli
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rita Basu
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Lemke MK, Oberlin DJ, Apostolopoulos Y, Hege A, Sönmez S, Wideman L. Work, physical activity, and metabolic health: Understanding insulin sensitivity of long-haul truck drivers. Work 2021; 69:225-233. [PMID: 34024805 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-haul truck drivers are disproportionately exposed to metabolic risk; however, little is known about their metabolic health and the role of physical activity and other risk factors in metabolic outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study compares truck drivers' insulin sensitivity, and associations between metabolic risk factors and insulin sensitivity, with those of the general population. METHODS Survey, anthropometric, and biometric data were collected from 115 long-haul truckers, which were then compared to the general population data using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset. The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was used to estimate insulin sensitivity. RESULTS Truck drivers had lower QUICKI scores than the general population cohort. Sagittal abdominal diameter and exercise were predictive for QUICKI among combined cohorts. Waist circumference and perceived health were more predictive for QUICKI among truck drivers, and sagittal abdominal diameter and income were more predictive for QUICKI among the general population. CONCLUSIONS Long-haul truckers appear to represent a subset of the general population regarding the impact of physical activity and other metabolic risk factors on QUICKI. Accordingly, comprehensive efforts which target these factors are needed to improve truckers' physical activity levels and other metabolic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Lemke
- Texas A&M University, Complexity & Computational Population Health Group, University of Houston-Downtown, Department of Social Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yorghos Apostolopoulos
- Texas A&M University, Complexity & Computational Population Health Group, University of Houston-Downtown, Department of Social Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas A&M University, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Adam Hege
- Appalachian State University, Department of Health & Exercise Science, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Sevil Sönmez
- University of Central Florida, College of BusinessOrlando, FL, USA
| | - Laurie Wideman
- University of North Carolina Greensboro, Department of Kinesiology, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Ibeas K, Herrero L, Mera P, Serra D. Hypothalamus-skeletal muscle crosstalk during exercise and its role in metabolism modulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114640. [PMID: 34087244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a major public health problem that contributes to the development of several pathologies such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Regular exercise mitigates the progression of these metabolic problems and contributes positively to memory and behavior. Therefore, public health agencies have incorporated exercise in the treatment of widespread disorders. The hypothalamus, specifically the ventromedial and the arcuate nuclei, responds to exercise activity and modulates energy metabolism through stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and catecholamine secretion into the circulation. In addition, physical performance enhances cognitive functions and memory, mediated mostly by an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in brain. During exercise training, skeletal muscle myofibers remodel their biochemical, morphological and physiological state. Moreover, skeletal muscle interacts with other organs by the release into the circulation of myokines, molecules that exhibit autocrine, paracrine and endocrine functions. Several studies have focused on the role of skeletal muscle and tissues in response to physical activity. However, how the hypothalamus could influence the skeletal muscle task in the context of exercise is less studied. Here, we review recent data about hypothalamus-skeletal muscle crosstalk in response to physical activity and focus on specific aspects such as the neuroendocrinological effects of exercise and the endocrine functions of skeletal muscle, to provide a perspective for future study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ibeas
- Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Mera
- Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Villaça CDBP, de Paula CC, de Oliveira CC, Vilas-Boas EA, Dos Santos-Silva JC, de Oliveira SF, Abdulkader F, Ferreira SM, Ortis F. Beneficial effects of physical exercise for β-cell maintenance in a type 1 diabetes mellitus animal model. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1482-1497. [PMID: 33913203 DOI: 10.1113/ep088872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) leads to hyperglycaemia owing to pancreatic β-cell destruction by the immune system. Physical exercise has been shown to have potentially beneficial protective roles against cytokine-induced pancreatic β-cell death, but its benefits are yet to be proved and should be understood better, especially in the islet environment. What is the main finding and its importance? Physical exercise protects against β-cell loss in a well-described animal model for T1D, induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin. This seems to be related to reduced cytokine-induced β-cell death and increased islet cell proliferation. Contributions of islet neogenesis and/or transdifferentiation of pancreatic non-β-cells into β-cells cannot be excluded. ABSTRACT Physical exercise has beneficial effects on pancreatic β-cell function and survival in a pro-inflammatory environment. Although these effects have been linked to decreased islet inflammation and modulation of pro-apoptotic pathways, little is known about the islet microenvironment. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of physical exercise in islet histomorphology in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin. As expected, induction of type 1 diabetes mellitus led to β-cell loss and, consequently, decreased islet area. Interestingly, although the decrease in islet area was not prevented by physical exercise, this was not the case for the decrease in β-cell mass. This was probably related to induction of β-cell regeneration, because we observed increased proliferation and regeneration markers, such as Ki67 and Pcna, in islets of trained mice. These were found in the central and peripheral regions of the islets. An increase in the percentage of α- and δ-cells in these conditions, combined with an increase in proliferation and Pax4 labelling in peripheral regions, suggest that β-cell regeneration might also occur by transdifferentiation. This agrees with the presence of cells double stained for insulin and glucagon only in islets of diabetic trained mice. In addition, this group had more extra-islet insulin-positive cells and islets associated with ducts than diabetic mice. Physical exercise also decreased nuclear factor-κB activation in islet cells of diabetic trained compared with diabetic untrained mice, indicating a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced β-cell death. Taken together, these findings indicate that preservation of β-cell mass induced by physical exercise involves an increase in β-cell replication and decrease in β-cell death, together with islet neogenesis and islet cell transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Cavalcante de Paula
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cruz de Oliveira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Aparecida Vilas-Boas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Ferreira de Oliveira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Abdulkader
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Mara Ferreira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ortis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Otu LI, Otu A. Adiponectin and the Control of Metabolic Dysfunction: Is Exercise the Magic Bullet? Front Physiol 2021; 12:651732. [PMID: 33897460 PMCID: PMC8058350 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.651732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauretta I Otu
- Department of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Akaninyene Otu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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Chan LC, Yang YC, Lin HC, Wahlqvist ML, Hung YJ, Lee MS. Nutrition counseling is associated with less sarcopenia in diabetes: A cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study. Nutrition 2021; 91-92:111269. [PMID: 34343727 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Muscle is crucial for blood glucose regulation. There is a need to prevent and treat sarcopenia in diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia and evaluate the association of nutritional counseling with the development of sarcopenia for people with DM. METHODS In a cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study, people with type 2 DM were recruited from the Diabetes Shared Care Program of a teaching hospital. Muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical functional performance were evaluated using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. The skeletal muscle mass index was determined by dividing muscle mass by the square of the height. Clinical information, including the nutrition counseling record, was retrospectively obtained from medical records for a 2-y period. RESULTS The prevalence of low skeletal muscle mass index (presarcopenia) and sarcopenia were, respectively, 20.4% and 9.6% (including 3.1% severe) among 1292 participants. Specifically, 15.3% of participants age ≥ 65 y were categorized as having sarcopenia. With more frequent nutritional counseling, there was a lesser risk of sarcopenia; the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.51 (0.27-0.94) for ≥ 3 times/2 y compared to no counseling. DM duration and age, glycemic status and medication, and body mass index and counseling frequency had no joint effects; however, these variables (except HbA1 c) were independent risk factors for low skeletal muscle mass index and sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS People with type 2 DM have a high risk of sarcopenia. Increased nutrition counseling in outpatients was associated with less sarcopenia. Education about sarcopenia-associated risk factors should be encouraged early in the onset of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Chien Chan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yun-Chin Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsu-Chen Lin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mark L Wahlqvist
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Monash Asia Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Meei-Shyuan Lee
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Bouviere J, Fortunato RS, Dupuy C, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Carvalho DP, Louzada RA. Exercise-Stimulated ROS Sensitive Signaling Pathways in Skeletal Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040537. [PMID: 33808211 PMCID: PMC8066165 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents a major challenge to whole-body homeostasis, provoking acute and adaptative responses at the cellular and systemic levels. Different sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been described in skeletal muscle (e.g., NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, and mitochondria) and are closely related to the physiological changes induced by physical exercise through the modulation of several signaling pathways. Many signaling pathways that are regulated by exercise-induced ROS generation, such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear respiratory factor2 (NRF2), and PGC-1α are involved in skeletal muscle responses to physical exercise, such as increased glucose uptake, mitochondriogenesis, and hypertrophy, among others. Most of these adaptations are blunted by antioxidants, revealing the crucial role played by ROS during and after physical exercise. When ROS generation is either insufficient or exacerbated, ROS-mediated signaling is disrupted, as well as physical exercise adaptations. Thus, an understanding the limit between "ROS that can promote beneficial effects" and "ROS that can promote harmful effects" is a challenging question in exercise biology. The identification of new mediators that cause reductive stress and thereby disrupt exercise-stimulated ROS signaling is a trending on this topic and are covered in this current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bouviere
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.B.); (R.S.F.); (D.P.C.)
| | - Rodrigo S. Fortunato
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.B.); (R.S.F.); (D.P.C.)
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9019CNRS, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Joao Pedro Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Denise P. Carvalho
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.B.); (R.S.F.); (D.P.C.)
| | - Ruy A. Louzada
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.B.); (R.S.F.); (D.P.C.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9019CNRS, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France;
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Joseph A, Parvathy S, Varma KK. Hyperinsulinemia Induced Altered Insulin Signaling Pathway in Muscle of High Fat- and Carbohydrate-Fed Rats: Effect of Exercise. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:5123241. [PMID: 33708999 PMCID: PMC7929694 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5123241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a state of impaired responsiveness to insulin action. This condition not only results in deficient glucose uptake but increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), stroke, and obesity. The present work investigates the molecular mechanisms of high carbohydrate and fat diet in inducing prediabetic hyperinsulinemia and effect of exercise on InsR signaling events, muscular AChE, and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into the control (C) diet group, high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) group, high-fat diet (HFD) group, and HCD and HFD groups with exercise (HCD Ex and HFD Ex, respectively). Acetyl choline esterase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity, total lactate levels, IRS1 phosphorylations, and Glut4 expression patterns were studied in the muscle tissue among these groups. High carbohydrate and fat feeding led to hyperinsulinemic status with reduced acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and impaired phosphorylation of IRS1 along with increased lactate concentrations in the muscle. Exercise significantly upregulated phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) docking site phosphorylation and downregulated the negative IRS1 phosphorylations thereby increasing the glucose transporter (GLUT) expressions and reducing the lactate accumulation. Also, the levels of second messengers like IP3 and cAMP were increased with exercise. Increased second messenger levels induce calcium release thereby activating the downstream pathway promoting the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. Our results showed that the metabolic and signaling pathway dysregulations seen during diet-induced hyperinsulinemia, a metabolic condition seen during the early stages in the development of prediabetes, were improved with vigorous physical exercise. Thus, exercise can be considered as an excellent management approach over drug therapy for diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Joseph
- MIMS Research Foundation, Mankavu P.O., Calicut, Kerala 673007, India
| | - S. Parvathy
- MIMS Research Foundation, Mankavu P.O., Calicut, Kerala 673007, India
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Edinburgh RM, Koumanov F, Gonzalez JT. Impact of pre‐exercise feeding status on metabolic adaptations to endurance‐type exercise training. J Physiol 2021; 600:1327-1338. [DOI: 10.1113/jp280748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Tauffenberger A, Magistretti PJ. Reactive Oxygen Species: Beyond Their Reactive Behavior. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:77-87. [PMID: 33439432 PMCID: PMC7829243 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis plays a critical role in how an organism will develop and age. Disruption of this fragile equilibrium is often associated with health degradation and ultimately, death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been closely associated with health decline and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. ROS were first identified as by-products of the cellular activity, mainly mitochondrial respiration, and their high reactivity is linked to a disruption of macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and DNA. More recent research suggests more complex function of ROS, reaching far beyond the cellular dysfunction. ROS are active actors in most of the signaling cascades involved in cell development, proliferation and survival, constituting important second messengers. In the brain, their impact on neurons and astrocytes has been associated with synaptic plasticity and neuron survival. This review provides an overview of ROS function in cell signaling in the context of aging and degeneration in the brain and guarding the fragile balance between health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Tauffenberger
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Pierre J Magistretti
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Davis NL, Tolfrey K, Jenney M, Elson R, Stewart C, Moss AD, Cornish JM, Stevens MCG, Crowne EC. Combined resistance and aerobic exercise intervention improves fitness, insulin resistance and quality of life in survivors of childhood haemopoietic stem cell transplantation with total body irradiation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28687. [PMID: 33044779 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of a supervised combined resistance and aerobic training programme on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, insulin resistance and quality of life (QoL) in survivors of childhood haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with total body irradiation (TBI). PARTICIPANTS HSCT/TBI survivors (n = 20; 8 females). Mean (range) for age at study and time since HSCT/TBI was 16.7 (10.9-24.5) and 8.4 (2.3-16.0) years, respectively. METHODS After a 6-month run-in, participants undertook supervised 45- to 60-minute resistance and aerobic training twice weekly for 6 months, with a 6-month follow-up. The following assessments were made at 0, 6 (start of exercise programme), 12 (end of exercise programme) and 18 months: Body composition via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), cardiorespiratory fitness (treadmill-based peak rate of oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) test), QoL questionnaires (36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life Instrument (MMQL). RESULTS Results expressed as mean (standard deviation) or geometric mean (range). There were significant improvements in VO2 peak (35.7 (8.9) vs 41.7 (16.1) mL/min/kg, P = 0.05), fasted plasma insulin (16.56 (1.48-72.8) vs 12.62 (1.04-54.97) mIU/L, P = 0.03) and HOMA-IR (3.65 (0.30-17.26) vs 2.72 (0.22-12.89), P = 0.02) after the exercise intervention. There were also significant improvements in the SF-36 QoL general health domain (69.7 (14.3) vs 72.7 (16.0), P = 0.001) and the MMQL school domain (69.1 (25.2) vs (79.3 (21.6), P = 0.03) during the exercise intervention. No significant changes were observed in percentage body fat, fat mass or lean mass. CONCLUSION The supervised 6-month combined resistance and aerobic exercise programme significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness, insulin resistance and QoL in childhood HSCT/TBI survivors, with no change in body composition, suggesting a metabolic training effect on muscle. These data support a role for targeted physical rehabilitation services in this group at high risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki L Davis
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Level 6 UHBristol Education Centre, University Hospitals Bristol & Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Keith Tolfrey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Meriel Jenney
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ruth Elson
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol & Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Claire Stewart
- Stem cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Andrew D Moss
- Stem cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Jacqueline M Cornish
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael C G Stevens
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Crowne
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Level 6 UHBristol Education Centre, University Hospitals Bristol & Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
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Hoffmann C, Schneeweiss P, Randrianarisoa E, Schnauder G, Kappler L, Machann J, Schick F, Fritsche A, Heni M, Birkenfeld A, Niess AM, Häring HU, Weigert C, Moller A. Response of Mitochondrial Respiration in Adipose Tissue and Muscle to 8 Weeks of Endurance Exercise in Obese Subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5895511. [PMID: 32827042 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exercise training improves glycemic control and increases mitochondrial content and respiration capacity in skeletal muscle. Rodent studies suggest that training increases mitochondrial respiration in adipose tissue. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of endurance training on respiratory capacities of human skeletal muscle and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and to study the correlation with improvement in insulin sensitivity. DESIGN Using high-resolution respirometry, we analyzed biopsies from 25 sedentary (VO2 peak 25.1 ± 4.0 VO2 mL/[kg*min]) subjects (16 female, 9 male; 29.8 ± 8.4 years) with obesity (body mass index [BMI] 31.5 ± 4.3 kg/m2), who did not have diabetes. They performed a supervised endurance training over 8 weeks (3 × 1 hour/week at 80% VO2 peak). RESULTS Based on change in insulin sensitivity after intervention (using the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index [ISIMats]), subjects were grouped in subgroups as responders (>15% increase in ISIMats) and low-responders. The response in ISIMats was correlated to a reduction of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volume. Both groups exhibited similar increases in fitness, respiratory capacity, and abundance of mitochondrial enzymes in skeletal muscle fibers. Respiratory capacities in subcutaneous adipose tissue were not altered by the intervention. Compared with muscle fibers, adipose tissue respiration showed a preference for β-oxidation and complex II substrates. Respiratory capacities were higher in adipose tissue from female participants. CONCLUSION Our data show that the improvement of peripheral insulin sensitivity after endurance training is not directly related to an increase in mitochondrial respiratory capacities in skeletal muscle and occurs without an increase in the respiratory capacity of subcutaneous adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hoffmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Schneeweiss
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elko Randrianarisoa
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)
| | - Günter Schnauder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Kappler
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fritz Schick
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Niess
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)
| | - Anja Moller
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Are Cape Peninsula baboons raiding their way to obesity and type II diabetes? - a comparative study. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 250:110794. [PMID: 32827764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Researchers, managers and conservationists in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, have reported cases of individual baboons (Papio ursinus) appearing overweight, lethargic and having poor teeth. Despite an intensive baboon management programme, there are certain individual baboons and troops that continue to raid human food sources. These food sources often are high in processed carbohydrates and saturated fats. As this diet is highly associated with obesity, insulin resistance and type II diabetes, the present study aimed to establish if these baboons may be at risk of developing insulin resistance. Post mortem muscle samples from 17 Cape Peninsula and 7 control adult male baboons were rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen and analysed for insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), oxidative and glycolytic markers of metabolism (citrate synthase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activities), and muscle fibre morphology. The sampled Peninsula baboons were heavier (33 ± 2 vs. 29 ± 2 kg, P < 0.05) and had a higher frequency of poor teeth compared to control baboons. Muscle fibre type, fibre size, GLUT4 content, oxidative and glycolytic metabolism were not different between the two groups. However, IRS-1 content, a marker of insulin sensitivity, was significantly lower (by 43%, P < 0.001) in the Peninsula baboons compared to the controls. This study provides the first indirect evidence that some Peninsula baboons with a history of raiding human food sources, may be at risk of developing insulin resistance in the wild, with long term implications for population health.
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Wake AD. Antidiabetic Effects of Physical Activity: How It Helps to Control Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2909-2923. [PMID: 32884317 PMCID: PMC7443456 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s262289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the improvements in clinical care of the patients, research updates, and public health interventions, there is still an increase in the prevalence, incidence, and mortality because of diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is a public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It has increased alarmingly, putting this disease in the dimension of an epidemic. Diabetes is associated with several complications which increase the risk of many serious health problems on the other side. Therefore, this review was aimed to discuss the antidiabetic effects of physical activity (PA) on type 2 DM (T2DM) by summarizing the significant studies on this topic. This review found that several studies have recommended the utilization of PA for the effective management of T2DM. PA is a non-pharmacologic therapy which is a significant strategy for the management of T2DM and is an appropriate lifestyle modification approach to be practiced by these patients. The studies showed that PA has antidiabetic effects which are evidenced by its substantial role in improving the blood glucose (BG) levels of the individuals with T2DM where it helps them to control their levels of glucose in the blood. It plays a significant role in glycemic control of this disease by lowering the BG levels through possible mechanisms such as decreasing insulin resistance, increasing production of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4), lowering visceral adipose tissue (VAT), increasing pancreatic β-cell functions, using glucose for energy, and so on. In turn, the controlled glycemia helps to prevent the complications associated with uncontrolled T2DM and this would further improve the overall health of the patients and the burden on the health professionals as well. Finally, this review concludes that PA is the cornerstone in the management of T2DM. It also suggests that more attention is needed to its significance in the prevention, glycemic control, and its role in the management of the morbidity and mortality associated with T2DM. Practical PA recommendations and suggestions for the future direction of research in this area are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu Dabi Wake
- Nursing Department, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Assela, Oromia, Ethiopia
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