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Ahmad T, Khan T, Alamgeer, Shah AJ. Juglone as antihypertensive agent acts through multiple vascular mechanisms. Clin Exp Hypertens 2020; 42:335-344. [PMID: 31523996 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1665674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Juglone, a natural phenolic compound obtained from the walnut tree, is known for its wide range of biological activities. However, it has yet to be tested for its effects on hypertension and vascular tone. This investigation was aimed to explore the antihypertensive effect and the nature of vascular reactivity of juglone in rat models.Methods: Juglone was tested in in vivo and in vitro experiments in rats. The responses were analyzed and recorded through a PowerLab data acquisition system.Results: Intravenous injection of juglone significantly decreased the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in normotensive and hypertensive rats (Max. fall, 43.50 ± 2.96 vs 49.66 ± 3.28 mmHg). In rats pretreated with Nω-Nitro l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), the effect of juglone on MAP was reduced as compared to the control. However, in rats pretreated with atropine the fall in MAP by juglone was not altered. Juglone induced relaxation in the phenylephrine, K+ (80 mM), and angiotensin II pretreated isolated rat aortic rings. This vasorelaxant effect was reduced with L-NAME pretreatment. Atropine pretreatment did not modify the vasorelaxant effect of juglone. Pre-incubation with juglone attenuated the intracellular Ca2+ release by suppressing phenylephrine peak formation and also shifted CaCl2 concentration-response curves (CRCs) to the right. Of note, combined treatment with 4-aminopyridine and barium chloride also reduced juglone-mediated vasorelaxation suggesting a role of K+-channels as well.Conclusion: In conclusion, juglone exerts its antihypertensive effect through vasorelaxation, which is mediated by nitric oxide, inhibition of intracellular calcium release and opening of K+-channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taseer Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Taous Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Alamgeer
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Jabbar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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2
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Bernex F, Mazzucotelli J, Roudiere J, Benhaiem-Sigaux N, Leandri J, Loisance D. In Vitro Endothelialization of Carbon-Coated Dacron Vascular Grafts. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889201500307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical vapour deposition is used to coat vascular prostheses with pyrolytic carbon. This coating may facilitate the development of an endothelial monolayer in grafts implanted in laboratory animals. This in vitro study compared the adherence and growth of cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells (EC) seeded in vitro on carbon-coated Dacron, to uncoated prostheses. The cells were incubated at 5 × 104 cells/cm2. Progress was monitored at different times (TO + 2 hours, D 1, D 4, D 8) by microscopic observation, when cell counts were made; and by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) to evaluate morphological EC-graft interactions. Cell adherence was independent of the carbon coating but cellular growth occurred only on carbon-coated Dacron. The SEM observations showed both the shape of the adherent cells, which were rounded on uncoated Dacron and extensively spread on carbon-coated prostheses, and the morphology of the carbon coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Bernex
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgical Research Center, CNRS U R A 1431, The Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil - France
| | - J.P. Mazzucotelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgical Research Center, CNRS U R A 1431, The Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil - France
| | - J.L Roudiere
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgical Research Center, CNRS U R A 1431, The Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil - France
| | - N. Benhaiem-Sigaux
- Department of Histopathology, The Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil - France
| | - J. Leandri
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgical Research Center, CNRS U R A 1431, The Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil - France
| | - D. Loisance
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgical Research Center, CNRS U R A 1431, The Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil - France
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3
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Zargar R, Nourmohammadi J, Amoabediny G. Preparation, characterization, and silanization of 3D microporous PDMS structure with properly sized pores for endothelial cell culture. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 63:190-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Zargar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Jhamak Nourmohammadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Ghassem Amoabediny
- Department of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
- Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
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4
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Pacia MZ, Mateuszuk L, Chlopicki S, Baranska M, Kaczor A. Biochemical changes of the endothelium in the murine model of NO-deficient hypertension. Analyst 2015; 140:2178-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01870b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the α-helix and β-sheet content and the lipid-to-protein ratio are the most striking features of hypertension development in the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Z. Pacia
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-060 Krakow
- Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
| | - L. Mateuszuk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Krakow
- Poland
| | - S. Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Krakow
- Poland
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology
| | - M. Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-060 Krakow
- Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
| | - A. Kaczor
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-060 Krakow
- Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
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5
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Won KJ, Lee KP, Kim DK, Jung SH, Lee CK, Lee DH, Yu SY, Park SH, Lee HM, Kim B. Monoclonal Antibody against a-Actinin 4 from Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Inhibits Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation. J Vasc Res 2013; 50:210-20. [DOI: 10.1159/000350588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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6
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Jin SN, Wen JF, Li X, Kang DG, Lee HS, Cho KW. The mechanism of vasorelaxation induced by ethanol extract of Sophora flavescens in rat aorta. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:547-552. [PMID: 21704693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Sophora flavescens (SF) is a known medicinal herb for the treatment of cardiovascular symptoms associated with arrhythmia in China. However, the pharmacological action mechanisms involved have not been well studied. The aim of the present study was to define effects of roots of SF on the vascular tension and responsible mechanisms in rat thoracic aorta. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanol extract of the roots of SF (ESF) was examined for their vascular relaxant effect in isolated phenylephrine-precontracted rat thoracic aorta. RESULTS ESF (0.1-100 μg/ml) induced relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner. Endothelium-denudation abolished the ESF-induced vasorelaxation. Pretreatment of the endothelium-intact aortic rings with l-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, and ODQ, an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), inhibited ESF-induced vasorelaxation. ESF increased cGMP levels of the aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner and the effect was blocked by l-NAME and ODQ. Inhibition of K(+) channels with glibenclamide and tetraethylammonium, cyclooxygenase inhibition with indomethacin, and β-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors blockade had no effect on the ESF-induced vasorelaxation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that ESF relaxes vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent NO-sGC-cGMP signaling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Ethanol/chemistry
- Guanylate Cyclase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism
- Male
- Muscarinic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism
- Plant Roots
- Plants, Medicinal
- Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase
- Solvents/chemistry
- Sophora/chemistry
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilator Agents/chemistry
- Vasodilator Agents/isolation & purification
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Nan Jin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Taishan Medical University, Middle of Changcheng Road, Taian, Shandong 271016, China.
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7
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Platelet inhibition and endothelial cell adhesion on elastin-like polypeptide surface modified materials. Biomaterials 2011; 32:5790-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Lee JK, Kang DG, Lee HS. Vascular relaxation induced by aqueous extract of Lespedeza cuneata via the NO-cGMP pathway. J Nat Med 2011; 66:17-24. [PMID: 21607822 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous extract of Lespedeza cuneata G. Don. (ALC) induced vasorelaxation of phenylephrine precontracted aorta in a dose-dependent manner. This effect disappeared in the absence of functional endothelium. Pretreatment of the aortic tissues with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), or 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole-[4,3-α]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) blocked ALC-induced vascular relaxation. Incubation of endothelium-intact thoracic aortic rings with ALC increased cGMP production. ALC-induced cGMP production was blocked by pretreatment with L-NAME or ODQ. ALC-induced vascular relaxation was also markedly attenuated by addition of verapamil or diltiazem, but was not blocked by pretreatment with indomethacine, glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium, atropine, or propranolol. The results suggest that ALC dilates vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kyoung Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine and Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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9
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Kim HY, Oh H, Li X, Cho KW, Kang DG, Lee HS. Ethanol extract of seeds of Oenothera odorata induces vasorelaxation via endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP signaling through activation of Akt-eNOS-sGC pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:315-323. [PMID: 20932888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY The vasorelaxant effect of ethanol extract of seeds of Oenothera odorata (Onagraceae) (one species of evening primroses) (ESOO) and its mechanisms involved were defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Changes in vascular tension, guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels, and Akt expression were measured in carotid arterial rings from rats. Seeds of Oenothera odorata were extracted with ethanol (94%) and the extract was filtered, concentrated and stored at -70°C. RESULTS ESOO relaxed endothelium-intact, but not endothelium-denuded, carotid arterial rings in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, ESOO increased cGMP levels of the carotid arterial rings. Pretreatment of endothelium-intact arterial rings with L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), or ODQ, an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), blocked the ESOO-induced vasorelaxation and increase in cGMP levels. Nominally Ca(2+)-free but not L-typed Ca(2+) channel inhibition attenuated the ESOO-induced vasorelaxation. Thapsigargin, Gd(3+), and 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate, modulators of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), significantly attenuated the ESOO-induced vasorelaxation and increase in cGMP levels. Further, wortmannin, an inhibitor of Akt, attenuated the ESOO-induced vasorelaxation and increases in cGMP levels and phosphorylated Akt2 expression. K(+) channel blockade with TEA, 4-aminopyridine, and glibenclamide attenuated the ESOO-induced vascular relaxation. CONCLUSION Taken together, the present study demonstrates that ESOO relaxes vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP signaling through activation of the Akt-eNOS-sGC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yoom Kim
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center & Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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10
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Jin SN, Wen JF, Kim HY, Kang DG, Lee HS, Cho KW. Vascular relaxation by ethanol extract of Xanthoceras sorbifolia via Akt- and SOCE-eNOS-cGMP pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 132:240-245. [PMID: 20713148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to define the effect of Xanthoceras sorbifolia extracts (XS) on vascular tension and responsible mechanisms in rat thoracic aortic rings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanol extract of the leaves of XS (EXS) was examined for their vascular relaxant effects in isolated phenylephrine-precontracted rat thoracic aorta. RESULTS EXS (0.1-100 μg/ml) induced relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner. Endothelium-denudation abolished EXS-induced vasorelaxation. Pretreatment of the endothelium-intact aortic rings with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) and 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3-α]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) inhibited EXS-induced vasorelaxation. Inhibition of Ca(2+) entry via L-type Ca(2+) channels failed to block the EXS-induced vasorelaxation. Extracellular Ca(2+) depletion significantly attenuated EXS-induced vasorelaxation. Modulators of the store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), thapsigargin, 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB) and Gd(3+), and an inhibitor of Akt, wortmannin, markedly attenuated the EXS-induced vasorelaxation. EXS increased cGMP levels of the aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner and the effect was blocked by L-NAME, ODQ, thapsigargin, Gd(3+), 2-APB, and wortmannin. Further, EXS-induced vasorelaxation was significantly attenuated by tetraethylammonium, a non-selective K(ca) channels blocker, but not by glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive K(+) channels inhibitor. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase with indomethacin, and adrenergic and muscarinic receptors blockade had no effects on EXS-induced vasorelaxation. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that EXS relaxes vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP signaling through activation of the Akt- and SOCE-eNOS-sGC pathways, which may, at least in part, be related to the function of K(+) channels.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/enzymology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Ethanol
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Plant Leaves/chemistry
- Potassium Channels/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sapindaceae/chemistry
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilator Agents/isolation & purification
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Nan Jin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Taishan Medical University, Middle of Changcheng Road, Taian, Shandong 271016, China.
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11
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Joung YK, Hwang IK, Park KD, Lee CW. CD34 monoclonal antibody-immobilized electrospun polyurethane for the endothelialization of vascular grafts. Macromol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-010-0908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Li X, Kim HY, Cui HZ, Cho KW, Kang DG, Lee HS. Water extract of Zanthoxylum piperitum induces vascular relaxation via endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 129:197-202. [PMID: 20347946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to define the effects of extracts of leaves of Zanthoxylum piperitum (ZP) on the vascular tension and its mechanisms responsible in rat thoracic aortic rings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanol extract of ZP and aqueous fraction of the methanol extract (AZP) were examined for their vascular relaxant effects in isolated phenylephrine-precontracted aortic rings. RESULTS Methanol extract of ZP and aqueous fraction of the methanol extract (AZP) induced relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner. Endothelium-denudation abolished the AZP-induced vasorelaxation. Pretreatment of the endothelium-intact aortic rings with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) and 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3-alpha]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) inhibited the AZP-induced vasorelaxation. Inhibition of Ca(2+) entry via L-type Ca(2+) channels failed to block the AZP-induced vasorelaxation. Extracellular Ca(2+) depletion slightly but significantly attenuated the AZP-induced vasorelaxation. Thapsigargin significantly attenuated the AZP-induced vasorelaxation. Further, Gd(3+) and 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB), inhibitors of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), markedly attenuated the AZP-induced vasorelaxation. Also, wortmannin, an inhibitor of Akt, an upstream signaling molecule of eNOS, attenuated the AZP-induced vasorelaxation. AZP increased cGMP levels of the aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner and the effect was blocked by L-NAME, ODQ, thapsigargin, Gd(3+), 2-APB, and wortmannin. K(+) channel inhibition with glibenclamide and tetraethylammonium, cyclooxygenase inhibition with indomethacin, and adrenergic and muscarinic receptors blockade had no effects on the AZP-induced vasorelaxation. CONCLUSION Taken together, the present study suggests that AZP relaxes vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent activation of NO-cGMP signaling through the Akt- and SOCE-eNOS pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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13
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Kim S, von Recum HA. Endothelial Progenitor Populations in Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells. II. Drug Selection and Functional Characterization. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:1065-74. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saejeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Horst A. von Recum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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14
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Wang W, Liu Y, Wang J, Jia X, Wang L, Yuan Z, Tang S, Liu M, Tang H, Yu Y. A Novel Copolymer Poly(Lactide-co-β-Malic Acid) with Extended Carboxyl Arms Offering Better Cell Affinity and Hemacompatibility for Blood Vessel Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:65-73. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohua Jia
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiming Tang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Liu
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaoting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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15
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Narayan D, Venkatraman SS. Effect of pore size and interpore distance on endothelial cell growth on polymers. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 87:710-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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17
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Larsen CC, Kligman F, Tang C, Kottke-Marchant K, Marchant RE. A biomimetic peptide fluorosurfactant polymer for endothelialization of ePTFE with limited platelet adhesion. Biomaterials 2007; 28:3537-48. [PMID: 17507089 PMCID: PMC2034336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endothelialization of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) has the potential to improve long-term patency for small-diameter vascular grafts. Successful endothelialization requires ePTFE surface modification to permit cell attachment to this otherwise non-adhesive substrate. We report here on a peptide fluorosurfactant polymer (FSP) biomimetic construct that promotes endothelial cell (EC)-selective attachment, growth, shear stability, and function on ePTFE. The peptide FSP consists of a flexible poly(vinyl amine) backbone with EC-selective peptide ligands for specific cell adhesion and pendant fluorocarbon branches for stable anchorage to underlying ePTFE. The EC-selective peptide (primary sequence: Cys-Arg-Arg-Glu-Thr-Ala-Trp-Ala-Cys, CRRETAWAC) has demonstrated high binding affinity for the alpha(5)beta(1) integrin found on ECs. Here, we demonstrate low affinity of CRRETAWAC for platelets and platelet integrins, thus providing it with EC-selectivity. This EC-selectivity could potentially facilitate rapid in vivo endothelialization and healing without thrombosis for small-diameter ePTFE vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coby C Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Wickenden 309, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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18
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Larsen CC, Kligman F, Kottke-Marchant K, Marchant RE. The effect of RGD fluorosurfactant polymer modification of ePTFE on endothelial cell adhesion, growth, and function. Biomaterials 2006; 27:4846-55. [PMID: 16762410 PMCID: PMC2048534 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized and characterized a novel peptide fluorosurfactant polymer (PFSP) modification that facilitates the adhesion and growth of endothelial cells on expanded polytetrafluoroetheylene (ePTFE) vascular graft material. This PFSP consists of a poly(vinyl amine) (PVAm) backbone with integrin binding Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides and perfluorocarbon pendant branches for adsorption and stable adhesion to underlying ePTFE. Aqueous PFSP solution was used to modify the surface of fluorocarbon substrates. Following subconfluent seeding, endothelial cell (EC) adhesion and growth on PFSP was assessed by determining cell population at different time points. Spectroscopic results indicated successful synthesis of PFSP. PFSP modification of ePTFE reduced the receding water contact angle measurement from 120 degrees to 6 degrees , indicating successful surface modification. Quantification of cell population demonstrated reduced EC attachment efficiency but increased growth rate on RGD PFSP compared with fibronectin (FN). Actin staining revealed a well-developed cytoskeleton for ECs on RGD PFSP indicative of stable adhesion. Uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein and positive staining for VE-Cadherin confirm EC phenotype for adherent cells. Production of prostacyclin, a potent antiplatelet agent, was equivalent between ECs on FN and RGD PFSP surfaces. Our results indicate successful synthesis and surface modification with PFSP; this is a simple, quantitative, and effective approach to modifying ePTFE to encourage endothelial cell attachment, growth, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coby C. Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Wickenden 319, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Faina Kligman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kandice Kottke-Marchant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Wickenden 319, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Roger E. Marchant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Wickenden 319, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- *Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-216-368-3005; fax: +1-216-368-4969 E-mail address: (R.E. Marchant)
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Kang DG, Lee JK, Choi DH, Sohn EJ, Moon MK, Lee HS. Vascular relaxation by the methanol extract of Sorbus cortex via NO-cGMP pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:860-4. [PMID: 15863894 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The methanol extract of Sorbus commixta cortex (MSC) induced relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted aorta in a dose-dependent manner, which was disappeared by removal of functional endothelium. Pretreatment of the aortic tissues with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), methylene blue, or 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole-[4,3-alpha]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) inhibited the vascular relaxation induced by MSC. MSC-induced vascular relaxations were also markedly attenuated by addition of verapamil or diltiazem, while the relaxant effect of MSC was not blocked by pretreatment with indomethacine, glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium (TEA), atropine, or propranolol, respectively. Incubation of endothelium-intact carotid arteries or of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with MSC increased the production of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). Moreover, MSC-induced cGMP production was effect was blocked by pretreatment with L-NAME or ODQ. These results suggest that MSC dilates vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-cGMP signaling pathway, possible involvement of L-type Ca(2+) channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Gill Kang
- Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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20
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Moon MK, Kang DG, Lee JK, Kim JS, Lee HS. Vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract of rhubarb via a NO-cGMP pathway. Life Sci 2005; 78:1550-7. [PMID: 16269157 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
While conducting an in vitro screen of various medicinal plant extracts, an aqueous extract of rhubarb (Rheum undulatum L, AR) was found to exhibit a distinct vasorelaxant activity. AR induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted aorta. This effect disappeared with the removal of functional endothelium. Pretreatment of the aortic tissues with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), methylene blue, or 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole-[4,3-alpha]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) inhibited the relaxation induced by AR. Incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with AR increased the production of cGMP in a dose-dependent manner, but this effect was blocked by pretreatment with L-NAME and ODQ, respectively. AR treatment attenuated TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB p65 translocation in HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, AR suppressed the expression levels of adhesion molecules including ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 induced by TNF-alpha in HUVECs. TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 expression was also attenuated by the addition of AR. This attenuation was blocked by pretreatment with either L-NAME or ODQ. AR treatment inhibited cellular adhesion of U937 cells onto HUVECs induced by TNF-alpha. Taken together, the present study suggests that AR dilates vascular smooth muscle and suppresses the vascular inflammatory process via endothelium-dependent NO/cGMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyoung Moon
- Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
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21
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Kang DG, Moon MK, Choi DH, Lee JK, Kwon TO, Lee HS. Vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects of the 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) via a nitric oxide-cGMP pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 524:111-9. [PMID: 16253226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2005] [Revised: 08/18/2005] [Accepted: 08/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Vasorelaxant and anti-inflammatory effects of a 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-d-glucose (PGG) isolated from the root barks of Paeonia suffruticosa and possible mechanisms responsible were investigated. PGG induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted rat aorta. This effect disappeared with the removal of functional endothelium. Pretreatment of the aortic tissues with either N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole-[4,3-alpha]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) inhibited the relaxation induced by PGG. Incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) or carotid arteries isolated from rats with PGG increased the production of cGMP in a dose-dependent manner, but this effect was blocked by pretreatment with L-NAME and ODQ, respectively. PGG treatment attenuated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) p65 translocation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In addition, PGG suppressed the expression levels of adhesion molecules including intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) induced by TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression was also attenuated by addition of PGG. PGG treatment inhibited cellular adhesion of U937 cells onto human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by TNF-alpha. Taken together, the present study suggests that PGG dilates vascular smooth muscle and suppresses the vascular inflammatory process via endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Gill Kang
- Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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22
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Abstract
CD14 is a pattern recognition receptor; its important role in innate immunity is reviewed here. Since its discovery and subsequent classification at the first leucocyte typing workshop in 1982, CD14 has been thought of as a leucocyte differentiation antigen. However, it has become clear that CD14 is also expressed by many non-myeloid cells, and the evidence for this is presented. The possible role of the presence of low copy number CD14 on non-myeloid cells is discussed. It is time to acknowledge CD14 as an ubiquitous molecule and abandon the position that it is expressed by myeloid cells alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubertus P A Jersmann
- Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), a well-known spice plant, has been used traditionally in a wide variety of ailments including hypertension. We report here the cardiovascular effects of ginger under controlled experimental conditions. The crude extract of ginger (Zo.Cr) induced a dose-dependent (0.3-3 mg/kg) fall in the arterial blood pressure of anesthetized rats. In guinea pig paired atria, Zo.Cr exhibited a cardiodepressant activity on the rate and force of spontaneous contractions. In rabbit thoracic aorta preparation, Zo.Cr relaxed the phenylephrine-induced vascular contraction at a dose 10 times higher than that required against K (80 mM)-induced contraction. Ca2+ channel-blocking (CCB) activity was confirmed when Zo.Cr shifted the Ca2+ dose-response curves to the right similar to the effect of verapamil. It also inhibited the phenylephrine (1 microM) control peaks in normal-Ca2+ and Ca2+-free solution, indicating that it acts at both the membrane-bound and the intracellular Ca2+ channels. When tested in endothelium-intact rat aorta, it again relaxed the K-induced contraction at a dose 14 times less than that required for relaxing the PE-induced contraction. The vasodilator effect of Zo.Cr was endothelium-independent because it was not blocked by L-NAME (0.1 mM) or atropine (1 microM) and also was reproduced in the endothelium-denuded preparations at the same dose range. These data indicate that the blood pressure-lowering effect of ginger is mediated through blockade of voltage-dependent calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nabeel Ghayur
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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24
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Cheng YW, Li CH, Lee CC, Kang JJ. Alpha-naphthoflavone induces vasorelaxation through the induction of extracellular calcium influx and NO formation in endothelium. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2003; 368:377-85. [PMID: 14564451 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-003-0820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2003] [Accepted: 09/05/2003] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of alpha-naphthoflavone (alpha-NF) on vascular function was studied in isolated ring segments of the rat thoracic aorta and in primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). alpha-NF induced concentration-dependent relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted aorta endothelium-dependently and -independently at lower and higher concentrations, respectively. The cGMP, but not cAMP, content was increased significantly in alpha-NF-treated aorta. Pretreatment with N(omega)-nitro- l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or methylene blue attenuated both alpha-NF induced vasorelaxation and the increase of cGMP content significantly. The increase of cGMP content induced by alpha-NF was also inhibited by chelating extracellular Ca(2+) with EGTA. These results suggest that the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation induced by alpha-NF is mediated most probably through Ca(2+)-dependent activation of NO synthase and guanylyl cyclase. In HUVECs, alpha-NF induced concentration-dependent formation of NO and Ca(2+) influx. alpha-NF-induced NO formation was abolished by removal of extracellular Ca(2+) and by pretreatment with the Ca(2+) channel blockers SKF 96365 and Ni(2+), but not by the L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker verapamil. The Ca(2+) influx, as measured by (45)Ca(2+) uptake, induced by alpha-NF was also inhibited by SKF 96365 and Ni(2+). Our data imply that alpha-NF, at lower concentrations, induces endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by promoting extracellular Ca(2+) influx in endothelium and the activation of the NO-cGMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Hu CM, Kang JJ, Lee CC, Li CH, Liao JW, Cheng YW. Induction of vasorelaxation through activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells by brazilin. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 468:37-45. [PMID: 12729841 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The vasorelaxant activity of Caesalpinia sappan L., a traditional Chinese medicine, and its major component brazilin were investigated in isolated rat aorta and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In isolated rat aorta, C. sappan L. extract and brazilin relaxed phenylephrine-induced vasocontraction and increased cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) content. Induction of vasorelaxation of brazilin was endothelium-dependent and could be markedly blocked by pretreatment with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME); N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA) and guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, methylene blue; 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenger, hemoglobin. The increasing cGMP content induced by brazilin was also blocked by pretreatment with L-NAME, methylene blue, and the removal of extracellular Ca(2+). In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, brazilin dose-dependently induced an increase in NO formation and NOS activity, which were greatly attenuated by either the removal of extracellular Ca(2+) or the chelating of intracellular Ca(2+) chelator, 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA-AM). Moreover, brazilin dose-dependently induced the influx of extracellular Ca(2+) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Collectively, these results suggest that brazilin induces vasorelaxation by the increasing intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in endothelial cells of blood vessels and hence activating Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent NO synthesis. The NO is released and then transferred into smooth muscle cells to activate guanylyl cyclase and increase cGMP content, resulting in vasorelaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Ming Hu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Wang X, Reznick S, Li P, Liang W, van Breemen C. Ca(2+) removal mechanisms in freshly isolated rabbit aortic endothelial cells. Cell Calcium 2002; 31:265-77. [PMID: 12098216 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4160(02)00075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcium removal from the cytoplasm was investigated in freshly isolated aortic endothelial cells by monitoring changes in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) using ratiometric fura-2 fluorimetry. Blockade of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) by replacement of external sodium with equi-molar N-methyl-D-glutamine (0Na PSS) decreased the removal rate by 52%. Blockade of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA) by cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) decreased the removal rate by 50%. Simultaneous application of CPA and 0Na PSS did not reduce the removal rate any further (53%). The lack of additivity of these two procedures, suggests that SERCA and the NCX function in series to lower [Ca(2+)](i). In addition, in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), removal of external Na(+) markedly reduced the rate of loss of Ca(2+) from the ER further supporting the hypothesis that NCX is functionally linked to ER calcium release channels, and thus, plays an important role in ER calcium unloading. To investigate the mechanism for the coupling of NCX and SERCA, the same protocols as described above were repeated after treating the cells with cytochalasin D, which disrupts the cytoskeleton. This treatment uncoupled the NCX from SERCA, as evidenced by the resulting additive inhibitory effects of application of CPA and removal of extracellular Na(+) on the rate of Ca(2+) removal from the cytoplasm. These data suggest that in endothelial cells NCX and SERCA function in series to remove about half of the free Ca(2+) from the cytosol, while PMCA contributes to the other half of the Ca(2+) removal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vancouver Vascular Biology Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3.
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27
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Gosling M, Harley SL, Turner RJ, Carey N, Powell JT. Human saphenous vein endothelial cells express a tetrodotoxin-resistant, voltage-gated sodium current. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:21084-90. [PMID: 9694861 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.33.21084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiological investigation of endothelial cells cultured from human saphenous vein (HSVECs) has identified a voltage-gated Na+ current with a mean peak magnitude of -595 +/- 49 pA (n = 75). This current was inhibited by tetrodotoxin (TTX) in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 4.7 microM, suggesting that it was of the TTX-resistant subtype. An antibody directed against the highly conserved intracellular linker region between domains III and IV of known Na+ channel alpha-subunits was able to retard current inactivation when applied intracellularly. This antibody identified a 245-kDa protein from membrane lysates on Western blotting and positively immunolabeled both cultured HSVECs and intact venous endothelium. HSVECs were also shown by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to contain transcripts of the hH1 sodium channel gene. The expression of Na+ channels by HSVECs was shown using electrophysiology and cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to be dependent on the concentration and source of human serum. Together, these results suggest that TTX-resistant Na+ channels of the hH1 isoform are expressed in human saphenous vein endothelium and that the presence of these channels is controlled by a serum factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gosling
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College School of Medicine at Charing Cross, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, United Kingdom.
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28
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Abstract
1. The pharmacological effects of 14-deoxyandrographolide on rat isolated thoracic aorta were examined. 2. 14-Deoxyandrographolide (2.5-120 mumol/L) inhibited contractions induced by phenylephrine (PE; 0.1 mumol/L) and high K+ (80 mmol/L) in a concentration-dependent manner in endothelium-intact aorta. The effect was attenuated in endothelium-denuded aorta without modifying the maximal response. Like verapamil, 14-deoxyandrographolide produced a much greater vasorelaxant effect in aorta precontracted by KCl than by PE. 14-Deoxyandrographolide (20-60 mumol/L) also inhibited responses of the rat aorta to PE. 3. In Ca(2+)-free medium (KCl 55 mmol/L), 14-deoxyandrographolide (20-80 mumol/L) antagonized Ca(2+)-induced vasocontraction in a concentration-dependent manner and transient contractions induced by both caffeine (10 mmol/L) and nor-adrenaline (1 mumol/L) were suppressed or almost abolished by 14-deoxyandrographolide. 4. The vasorelaxant effect of 14-deoxyandrographolide was partially antagonized by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (25 mumol/L), a specific and competitive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and methylene blue (10 mumol/L), a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, but was not affected by indomethacin (20 mumol/L), a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, or glibenclamide (10 mumol/L), an ATP-sensitive K(+)-channel blocker. 5. These results suggest that the vasorelaxant activity of 14-deoxyandrographolide may be mediated via the activation of NOS and guanylate cyclase, as well as the blockade of Ca2+ influx through both voltage- and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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29
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Bougelet C, Roland IH, Ninane N, Arnould T, Remacle J, Michiels C. Effect of aescine on hypoxia-induced neutrophil adherence to umbilical vein endothelium. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 345:89-95. [PMID: 9593599 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although venous stasis due to blood stagnation in lower limbs has been recognised as an important etiological factor for the development of varicose veins, the mechanism linking this ischemic situation to the modifications of the venous wall in varicose veins is still unclear. There is evidence that the activation of the endothelium during blood stasis and its subsequent cascade of interactions with other cell types could alter the structure of the vein wall and could possibly be at the origin of the disease. While phlebotonic drugs are often used to improve symptoms in chronic venous insufficiency, their precise mechanism of action is not well understood. We now tested aescine (Reparil i.v. form) in an ex vivo model which mimics this situation, i.e., perfused human umbilical vein exposed to hypoxic conditions. To study the effect of aescine on neutrophil activation and adhesion to the endothelium, human umbilical veins were incubated under hypoxic conditions with or without aescine and the interactions between the endothelium and neutrophil-like cells, HL60, were investigated. We observed that a large number of HL60 became adherent to the endothelium of veins after 2 h hypoxia and that these adherent HL60 were activated: they released high amounts of superoxide anion and of leukotriene B4. Aescine (250 ng/ml or 0.22 microM) was shown to markedly inhibit HL60 adherence to hypoxic endothelium. By decreasing the number of adherent HL60, aescine also decreased the subsequent production of superoxide anion and of leukotriene B4. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the increased HL60 adherence to the endothelium, as well as the inhibitory effect of aescine. These results support results of in vitro studies on isolated endothelial cells in which aescine was shown to inhibit the hypoxia-induced activation of endothelial cells and the subsequent increased adherence of neutrophils. In vivo, the activated and infiltrated leukocytes release free radicals, chemotactic molecules such as leukotriene B4 and proteases which then can degrade the extracellular matrix. These processes could contribute to alterations of the venous wall similar to those observed in varicose veins. By maintaining an intact endothelium during in vivo blood stasis in the lower limbs and preventing neutrophil recruitment, adherence and activation, aescine could prevent the resulting alterations of the venous wall. These results could explain at least in part the potential benefit of the drug in the prevention of venous insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bougelet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Cellulaire, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium
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30
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Marín J, Rodríguez-Martínez MA. Role of vascular nitric oxide in physiological and pathological conditions. Pharmacol Ther 1997; 75:111-34. [PMID: 9428001 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(97)00051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the ability of certain diseases, such as essential hypertension, atherosclerosis, angina, and vasospasm, to reduce vascular nitric oxide (NO) formation or to increase its metabolism. In contrast, others, such as hypotension, sepsis, stroke, myocardial depression, and inflammatory responses, increase NO synthesis. The mechanism implicated in the changes in the formation and metabolism of NO are described. To prevent or treat these pathological processes, in which a deficiency in vascular NO formation plays a causative role, NO may be provided through methods such as direct NO administration or indirect NO supply through either NO donors or L-arginine, which facilitates NO formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marín
- Departamento de Farmacologia y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Chuliá S, Moreau J, Naline E, Noguera MA, Ivorra MD, D'Ocón MP, Advenier C. The effect of S-(+)-boldine on the alpha 1-adrenoceptor of the guinea-pig aorta. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 119:1305-12. [PMID: 8968536 PMCID: PMC1915823 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb16039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The cardiovascular activity of S-(+)-boldine, an aporphine alkaloid structurally related to papaverine, was determined. The work includes functional studies on guinea-pig isolated aorta contracted with noradrenaline, caffeine, KCl or Ca2+, and on guinea-pig trachea contracted with acetylcholine or histamine. 2. S-(+)-boldine inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the contractile response evoked by noradrenaline (10 microM) in guinea-pig aorta (IC50 = 1.4 +/- 0.2 microM) while the KCl depolarizing solution (60 mM)- or the Ca2+ (1 mM)-induced contractions were only partially affected by boldine up to 300 microM. In contrast, papaverine relaxed noradrenaline (NA), KCl or Ca2+ induced contractions showing similar IC50 values in all cases. S-(+)-boldine had a greater potency on the contraction elicited by NA whereas papaverine acted in a non-selective manner. 3. S-(+)-boldine was found to be an alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking agent in guinea-pig aorta as revealed by its competitive antagonism of noradrenaline-induced vasoconstriction (pA2 = 5.64 +/- 0.08), and its potency was compared with that of prazosin (pA2 = 8.56 +/- 0.24), a known potent alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist. In contrast, papaverine caused rightward shifts of the NA concentration-response curves with depression of maximal response indicating that it acts as a non-competitive antagonist. 4. Contraction of guinea-pig aorta induced by caffeine (60 mM) in a Ca(2+)-containing Krebs solution was not affected by a 60 min incubation period with different doses of S-(+)-boldine (1-300 microM). Papaverine inhibited partially this caffeine-induced contraction at the maximal dose used (100 microM). 5. Inositol phosphates formation induced by noradrenaline (10 microM) in guinea-pig thoracic aorta was inhibited by S-(+)-boldine (30 microM) but not by papaverine (10 microM). 6. Contractions of guinea-pig trachea caused by acetylcholine (100 microM) or histamine (10 microM) were not modified by S-(+)-boldine (0.1-100 microM). 7. These results provide evidence that S-(+)-boldine, an aporphine alkaloid, has interesting properties as an alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocker in vascular smooth muscle, and acts as a competitive antagonist of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor present in the guinea pig aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chuliá
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ouest 15, l'Ecole de Médecine, France
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32
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Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that membrane depolarization may initiate oxidant generation in the endothelial cell. Depolarization was produced in bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (BPAEC) in monolayer culture with varying external K+, or with glyburide (10 microM), tetraethylammonium (TEA, 10 mM), gramicidin (1 microM), or nigericin (2 microM). Evaluation of bisoxonol fluorescence of BPAEC indicated concentration-dependent depolarization by high K+ (2% change in fluorescence/mV change in membrane potential in the 5.9-48 mM range of K+) and essentially complete depolarization with glyburide. Generation of oxidants was assessed with o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (o-PD) oxidation in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). There was a time-dependent increase in o-PD oxidation with 24 mM K+, nigericin, and gramicidin over 2 hours compared with control. In 1 hour o-PD oxidation increased 2.8-fold for 24 mM and 3.7-fold for 48 mM K+ compared with control. Catalase reduced 24 mM K(+)-induced o-PD oxidation by 50%, while Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) abolished the increase. Oxidation of o-PD was reduced by 57% in the absence of HRP in the system. With K+ channel blockade, o-PD oxidation increased 3.8-fold with glyburide and 4.6-fold with TEA compared with control. These data indicate formation of H2O2 and possibly other oxidants with depolarization and suggest involvement of K(+)-channels in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B al-Mehdi
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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Yen MH, Sheu JR, Peng IH, Lee YM, Chern JW. Pharmacological activity of DC-015, a novel potent and selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist. J Pharm Pharmacol 1996; 48:90-5. [PMID: 8722503 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1996.tb05884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacological activity of 3-((4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-2,3-dihydroimidaz o(1,2 -c)quinazolin-5(6H)-one (DC-015), a newly synthesized quinazoline derivative, was determined in rat isolated thoracic aorta and pressor responses were determined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Experimental results indicated that DC-015 is an alpha 1-adrenoceptor-blocking agent in rat thoracic aorta as revealed by its competitive antagonism of phenylephrine-induced vasocontraction (pA2 = 10.54 +/- 0.55). These effects still persisted in denuded aorta. It was as potent as prazosin (pA2 = 10.04 +/- 0.63). At higher concentration (1.0 microM), DC-015 also expressed 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor competitive antagonism, but this 5-HT blocking effect was not found in the prazosin-administration group. [3H]Inositol monophosphate formation stimulated by phenylephrine (30 microM) in rat thoracic aorta was diminished by DC-015 (3 and 10 nM) and prazosin (10nM); whereas the cAMP content of rat thoracic aorta was not altered by DC-015 and prazosin. Furthermore, intravenous administration of DC-015 and prazosin (both at 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg-1) induced a dose-dependent reduction of mean arterial pressure which reached a maximal effect at 5 mm after injection and persisted over 2 h in SHR. A higher dose of DC-015 (0.1 mg/kg-1, i.v.) did not cause any significant changes in heart rate, whereas, the same dose of prazosin (0.1 mg/kg-1, i.v.) produced a decrease which seems to parallel the time course of the hypotensive response. We can conclude that the DC-015 is a potent, highly selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist in vascular smooth muscle.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/administration & dosage
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Binding, Competitive
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Injections, Intravenous
- Male
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Phenylephrine/pharmacology
- Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism
- Prazosin/administration & dosage
- Prazosin/pharmacology
- Prazosin/therapeutic use
- Quinazolines/administration & dosage
- Quinazolines/pharmacology
- Quinazolines/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Serotonin Antagonists/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Serotonin Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Yen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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34
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Janssens D, Michiels C, Delaive E, Eliaers F, Drieu K, Remacle J. Protection of hypoxia-induced ATP decrease in endothelial cells by ginkgo biloba extract and bilobalide. Biochem Pharmacol 1995; 50:991-9. [PMID: 7575684 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(95)00227-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Due to their localization at the interface between blood and tissue, endothelial cells are the first target of any change occurring within the blood, and alterations of their functions can seriously impair organs. During hypoxia, which mimics in vivo ischemia, a cascade of events occurs in the endothelial cells, starting with a decrease in ATP content and leading to their activation and release of inflammatory mediators. EGb 761 and one of its constituents, bilobalide, were shown to inhibit the hypoxia-induced decrease in ATP content in endothelial cells in vitro. Under these conditions, glycolysis was activated, as evidenced by increased glucose transport, as well as increased lactate production. Bilobalide was found to increase glucose transport under normoxic but not hypoxic conditions. In addition, EGb and bilobalide prevented the increase in total lactate production observed after 60 min of hypoxia. However, after 120 min of hypoxia, the total lactate production was similar under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and both compounds increased this production. These results indicate that glycolysis slowed down between the 60th and 120th minute of hypoxia, while EGb and bilobalide delayed the onset of glycolysis activation. In another experimental model, both compounds were shown to increase the respiratory control ratio of mitochondria isolated from liver of rats treated orally. Since ischemia is known to uncouple mitochondria, the protection of ATP content and the delay in glycolysis activation observed during hypoxia in the presence of EGb 761 or bilobalide is best explained by a protection of mitochondrial respiratory activity, at least during the first 60 min of hypoxia incubation. Both products retain the ability to form ATP, thereby reducing the cell's need to induce glycolysis, probably by preserving ATP regeneration by mitochondria as long as oxygen is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Janssens
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Cellulaire, Facultés Universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium
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35
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Nishimura J, Aoki H, Chen X, Shikasho T, Kobayashi S, Kanaide H. Evidence for the presence of endothelin ETA receptors in endothelial cells in situ on the aortic side of porcine aortic valve. Br J Pharmacol 1995; 115:1369-76. [PMID: 8564193 PMCID: PMC1908872 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb16625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
1. In the present study, we determined whether ETA receptors are present on endothelial cells in situ, by use of front-surface fluorometry of fura-2-loaded porcine aortic valvular strips and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). 2. Although endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-3 (ET-3) induced maximum elevations of cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) at 10(-7) M, the peak elevations of [Ca2+]i induced by ET-1 were much greater than those induced by ET-3. 3. The application of ET-1 after ET-3 induced an additional increase in [Ca2+]i, while the application of ET-3 after ET-1 had no effect. A selective ETA receptor antagonist, BQ-123, partially inhibited the ET-1-induced Ca2+ transient but had no effect on ET-3-induced Ca2+ transients. These experiments indicated the presence of functioning ETA receptors in addition to ETB receptors in endothelial cells in situ. 4. The sequence of pig lung ETA receptor complimentary DNA (cDNA) was determined by PCR. RT-PCR, using specific primers for pig ETA receptor sequence and total RNA from endothelial cells on the aortic side of the aortic valve, gave the expected size of band. This PCR product was sequenced and was found to be identical to the sequence of the pig lung ETA receptor. 5. The partial sequence of the pig lung ETB receptor was also determined. RT-PCR for the pig ETB receptor revealed that endothelial cells of the aortic valve express ETB receptor messenger RNA (mRNA). 6. We confirmed that functioning ETA receptors and expression of ETA receptor mRNA exist in the endothelial cells on the aortic side of porcine aortic valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nishimura
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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36
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Marín J, Rodríguez-Martínez MA. Nitric oxide, oxygen-derived free radicals and vascular endothelium. JOURNAL OF AUTONOMIC PHARMACOLOGY 1995; 15:279-307. [PMID: 8576275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-8673.1995.tb00311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Marín
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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37
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Yu SM, Cheng ZJ, Kuo SC. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat aorta by butein, a novel cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol 1995; 280:69-77. [PMID: 7498256 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(95)00190-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Butein, isolated from Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen, caused endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat aorta precontracted with phenylephrine. This effect was abolished in endothelium-denuded aorta and in endothelium-intact aorta in the presence of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, oxyhemoglobin and methylene blue, whereas the effect was unaltered by indomethacin or charybdotoxin. These results indicate that the vasorelaxant effect of butein depended on the endothelium and was mediated by endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Incubation of endothelium-intact aorta with butein increased not only cAMP but also cGMP content. Four phosphodiesterase forms were isolated by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sephacel chromatography from rat aorta. cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (type IV) activity was potently inhibited by butein with an IC50 of 10.4 +/- 0.4 microM. In contrast, phosphodiesterase I, III and V activities were inhibited by butein above 100 microM. Adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase activities were unchanged by butein. These results suggest that the increase of cAMP formation elicited by butein is due to the inhibition of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase. The specific phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor (rolipram) and V inhibitor (zaprinast) both produced endothelium-dependent relaxations, whereas the phosphodiesterase III inhibitor (trequinsin) produced relaxation of rat aorta independent of the endothelium. In the presence of a functional endothelium, relaxations produced by butein were significantly potentiated by isoprenaline, forskolin, trequinsin and sodium nitroprusside. It is concluded that butein, a novel cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, produced relaxation of rat aorta, an effect dependent on an intact endothelium. The relaxant effect of butein was markedly enhanced by cGMP-elevating agents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiology
- Chalcone/analogs & derivatives
- Chalcone/pharmacology
- Chalcones
- Cyclic AMP/biosynthesis
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP/biosynthesis
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Female
- Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle Relaxation/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Phenylephrine/pharmacology
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chang Gung Medical College, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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38
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Guh JH, Ko FN, Yu SM, Wu YC, Teng CM. Pharmacological evaluation of N-methyl-actinodaphnine, a new vascular alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, isolated from Illigera luzonensis. Eur J Pharmacol 1995; 279:33-41. [PMID: 7556380 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(95)00135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacological activity of N-methyl-actinodaphnine, isolated from Illigera luzonensis, was determined by functional and binding experiments with peripheral tissues. In a functional study, N-methyl-actinodaphnine was a simple competitive antagonist of contractions elicited by phenylephrine (pA2 = 7.11) in rat thoracic aorta; it also competitively antagonised the clonidine-induced inhibition of the twitch response of rat vas deferens (pA2 = 5.01). In addition, [3H]inositol monophosphate formation caused by noradrenaline (3 microM) in rat isolated thoracic aorta was concentration dependently inhibited by N-methyl-actinodaphnine (1 and 10 microM); however, it had no effect on cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP contents. Additionally, N-methyl-actinodaphnine had extremely low affinity for thromboxane receptors, prostaglandin receptors, Ca2+ channels, muscarinic receptors, histamine receptors, beta-adrenoceptors, neurokinin and leukotriene receptors in vitro. However, N-methyl-actinodaphnine also possessed 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor blocking activity. Its potency for blocking 5-HT receptors was about 14 times less than that for blocking alpha 1-adrenoceptors. In binding experiments, N-methyl-actinodaphnine displaced biphasically the binding of 0.2 nM [3H]prazosin to cultured A10 cells. The selectivity for alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes was also investigated in rat vas deferens and spleens. The contractile response in rat vas deferens to noradrenaline was competitively inhibited by N-methyl-actinodaphnine with a pA2 value of 6.58; N-methyl-actinodaphnine also competitively antagonized the phenylephrine-induced contraction in rat spleen with a pA2 value of 7.38. These results indicate that N-methyl-actinodaphnine is a selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist. Furthermore, it is more selective for the alpha 1B- than for the alpha 1A-adrenoceptor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Guh
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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39
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Yu SM, Kuo SC. Vasorelaxant effect of isoliquiritigenin, a novel soluble guanylate cyclase activator, in rat aorta. Br J Pharmacol 1995; 114:1587-94. [PMID: 7599926 PMCID: PMC1510389 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb14943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The vasorelaxant activity of isoliquiritigenin, isolated from Dalbergia odorifera T, was investigated in the phenylephrine-precontracted rat aorta by measuring tension, guanylate and adenylate cyclase activities, guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) and adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels. 2. Isoliquiritigenin concentration-dependently relaxed rat aorta contracted with phenylephrine, KCl, U-46619, endothelin and 5-hydroxytryptamine, with EC50s of 7.4 +/- 1.6, 10.5 +/- 2.3, 14.3 +/- 3.3, 11.8 +/- 2.0 and 13.6 +/- 3.7 microM, respectively. 3. Isoliquiritigenin caused endothelium-independent relaxation of phenylephrine-precontracted rat aortic rings. Neither NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) (an inhibitor of the L-arginine-NO pathway) nor oxyhaemoglobin (which binds NO) modified the relaxant effect of isoliquiritigenin. The relaxant action of isoliquiritigenin also persisted in intact aorta in the presence of indomethacin or glibenclamide. However, methylene blue, an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, abolished relaxation induced by isoliquiritigenin. 4. Incubation of rat aorta with isoliquiritigenin not only increased aortic cyclic GMP content but also caused small increases in aortic cyclic AMP content, and greatly potentiated the increases in cyclic AMP observed in the presence of forskolin. The maximum increase in cyclic GMP by isoliquiritigenin was reached earlier than the increase in cyclic AMP. This result suggests that the increases in cyclic GMP caused by isoliquiritigenin might stimulate the accumulation of cyclic AMP. 5. Concentration-dependent increases in soluble guanylate cyclase activity were observed in isoliquiritigenin (1-100 microM)- or sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-treated rat aortic smooth muscle cells, while adenylate cyclase activity was unchanged in isoliquiritigenin (100 microM)-treated cells. 6. Relaxation and cyclic AMP formation of rat aorta caused by isoliquiritigenin was potentiated in the presence of forskolin (10 nM), which had little effect when given alone. 2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine (DDA,200 microM), an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, diminished the relaxation and cyclic AMP formation of rat aorta by isoliquiritigenin only in the presence of forskolin. DDA did not affect the increases in cyclic GMP formation induced by isoliquiritigenin. These results suggest that elevated levels of cyclic GMP may mediate the majority of the relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted aorta induced byisoliquiritigenin, while the synergistic interaction with a low concentration of forskolin depends on an enhanced accumulation of cyclic AMP.7. Relaxation of phenylephrine-precontracted rat aorta and carbachol-precontracted guinea-pig trachea by rolipram (phosphodiesterase, PDE IV inhibitor) was markedly enhanced by isoliquiritigenin, while response to cilostamide (PDE III inhibitor) was not significantly changed by isoliquiritigenin.8. It is concluded that isoliquiritigenin exerts a vasorelaxant effect by activating soluble guanylatecyclase and increasing cyclic GMP. Synergistic effects of isoliquiritigenin and forskolin on muscle relaxation and cyclic AMP accumulation indicate that inhibition of cyclic AMP breakdown by cyclic GMP via the inhibition of PDE III (cyclic GMP-inhibited PDE) is the dominant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chang Gung Medical College, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan
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40
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Abstract
The pharmacological and toxicological activity of pyridine was determined in rat thoracic aorta. Pyridine inhibited norepinephrine (3 microM)-induced phasic and tonic contractions in the thoracic aorta as well as the endothelium-denuded aorta of the rat. The tonic pre-contraction elicited by norepinephrine was also relaxed by the addition of pyridine and this relaxing effect was not affected by indomethacin (20 microM), NG-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (50 microM) or methylene blue (50 microM). In high-K+ medium (80 mM), pyridine inhibited the Ca2+ concentration-dependent vasocontraction. Moreover, in Ca(2+)-free medium, the norepinephrine (3 microM)-induced phasic contraction was also suppressed by pyridine, while the caffeine (10 mM)-induced contraction remained unaffected. The cAMP and cGMP levels of rat aorta were not changed by pyridine. The 45Ca2+ influx elicited by either norepinephrine or high-K+ was inhibited by pyridine in a concentration-dependent manner. All of these findings indicated that pyridine relaxes rat thoracic aorta by virtue of its Ca2+ channel-blocking properties in vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Hsu
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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41
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Abstract
A new method of measuring cytoplasmic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) of individual intact cardiovascular endothelial cells by using imaging fluorescence microscopy was designed. Application of agonist to the aortic or pulmonary valve of the rabbit triggered an increase in [Ca2+]i, which depended on the existence of endothelium on the surface of the valve. Under resting conditions, sudden reversal of the Na+ gradient by substituting external Na+ with N-methyl D-glucamine (NMDG) resulted in a [Ca2+]i spike, which then returned toward the resting level. Increasing intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) by application of ouabain or monensin induced a sustained [Ca2+]i increase. Na+ substitution by NMDG during the agonist- or monensin-induced [Ca2+]i increase gave rise to a further [Ca2+]i spike, which subsequently declined to a level higher than that before removal of external Na+. A selective inhibitor of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange, 3',4'-dichlorobenzamyl (DCB), abolished the transient [Ca2+]i increase induced by Na+ substitution, and Mg2+, an inorganic inhibitor of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger, markedly reduced this transient [Ca2+]i increase. On the other hand, the selective Na(+)-H+ exchanger blocker 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride (HMA) did not abolish the transient [Ca2+]i increase caused by Na+ substitution. In summary, decreasing the Na+ gradient of the endothelial cells through either receptor stimulation (agonist), Na(+)-K+ pump inhibition (ouabain), pretreatment with Na+ ionophore (monensin), or reversing the Na+ gradient through Na+ substitution (NMDG) all increased [Ca2+]i. This raised [Ca2+]i was antagonized by agents such as DCB or Mg2+, which are thought to inhibit Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange, but not by HMA, an inhibitor of Na(+)-H+ exchange.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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42
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Kunii H, Yagyu Y, Maruyama Y, Imanaka T, Takano T. Involvement of von Willebrand factor and PGI2 in platelet binding to a partially denuded endothelial monolayer. J Atheroscler Thromb 1995; 2:37-40. [PMID: 9225206 DOI: 10.5551/jat1994.2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet binding to an endothelial monolayer was examined after denudation. The binding increased for up to 10 min and thereafter declined gradually. Antibodies against von Willebrand factor (vWF) inhibited the binding. Production of prostacyclin (PGI2) occurred 10 min after endothelial denudation. This study suggests that vWF is involved in the binding during the first 10 min and that PGI2 suppresses the binding thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kunii
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Fukushima Medical College, Japan
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43
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Yu SM, Lee SS, Hou YS, Teng CM. Mechanisms of vasorelaxation induced by N-allylsecoboldine in rat thoracic aorta. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1994; 349:637-43. [PMID: 7969515 DOI: 10.1007/bf01258470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
N-Allylsecoboldine was shown to be the most effective of several boldine derivatives that were tested for their vasorelaxing effect on the rat aorta. In KCl (60 mmol/l) medium, Ca2+ (0.03-3 mmol/l)-induced vasoconstriction was inhibited, concentration-dependently, by N-allylsecoboldine. The IC50 for N-allylsecoboldine was calculated to be about 4 mumol/l (for a Ca2+ concentration of 1 mmol/l). The vasorelaxant effect on KCl-induced responses was more pronounced at 60 mmol/l KCl than at 15 mmol/l KCl. Contraction of rat aorta in response to phenylephrine (0.01-100 mumol/l) was concentration-dependently inhibited by N-allylsecoboldine and by verapamil (3-30 mumol/l), while contraction in response to B-HT 920, serotonin or PGF2 alpha was not affected. This relaxing effect of N-allylsecoboldine persisted in endothelium-denuded aorta. In cultured A10 vascular smooth muscle cells, N-allylsecoboldine and verapamil displaced the binding of [3H]-prazosin (Ki values = 0.4 +/- 0.2 and 0.6 +/- 0.2 mumol/l, respectively). The increase of inositol monophosphate caused by phenylephrine in rat aorta was completely suppressed by chloroethylclonidine, but only slightly inhibited by N-allylsecoboldine and by verapamil. Glibenclamide or charybdotoxin did not affect the relaxation induced by N-allylsecoboldine of aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine. Neither the cGMP nor the cAMP content was changed by N-allylsecoboldine. We conclude that N-allylsecoboldine relaxes the rat aorta by blocking Ca2+ channels and that it also has an antagonistic effect at alpha 1-adrenoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chang Gung Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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44
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Chen WY, Ko FN, Wu YC, Lu ST, Teng CM. Vasorelaxing effect in rat thoracic aorta caused by laurotetanine isolated from Litsea cubeba Persoon. J Pharm Pharmacol 1994; 46:380-2. [PMID: 8083812 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1994.tb03818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacological effects of laurotetanine on rat isolated thoracic aorta were examined. The contraction of aortic rings caused by high potassium (60 mM) and cumulative concentrations of calcium (0.03-3 mM) was inhibited by 3-50 microM laurotetanine in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 19.8 +/- 3.6 microM (n = 6) in a 1 mM Ca2+ medium. The phenylephrine (3 microM)-induced contraction was also inhibited by laurotetranine. Its effect was more marked on the tonic contraction than on the phasic contraction and was not easily washed-out. On addition of laurotetanine during the tonic contraction, relaxation could also be observed. This relaxing effect was not antagonized by indomethacin (20 microM) and was still seen in denuded aorta or in the presence of nifedipine (1 microM). The caffeine (20 mM)-induced contraction was not affected by laurotetanine. cAMP and cGMP levels of aorta were not changed by laurotetanine. It is concluded that laurotetanine relaxed the rat thoracic aorta mainly by suppressing the Ca2+ influx through both voltage- and receptor-operated calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Chen
- Foo-Yin Junior College of Nursing & Medical Technology, Kaohsiung
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45
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Filler SG, Ibe BO, Ibrahim AS, Ghannoum MA, Raj JU, Edwards JE. Mechanisms by which Candida albicans induces endothelial cell prostaglandin synthesis. Infect Immun 1994; 62:1064-9. [PMID: 8112841 PMCID: PMC186225 DOI: 10.1128/iai.62.3.1064-1069.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One strategy for improving resistance to opportunistic pathogens is to determine host cellular responses during the invasion process and upregulate those responses that are relevant to host defense mechanisms. Within this context, we have shown previously that invasion of endothelial cells by Candida albicans in vitro causes increased production of prostaglandins. As a prerequisite for modulating endothelial cell prostaglandin production, we now characterize the mechanisms through which this process occurs. Endothelial cell invasion by C. albicans appeared to stimulate the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins by upregulating the synthesis of endothelial cell cyclooxygenase and increasing the activity of the endothelial cell phospholipase. The enhanced activities of these two enzymes were independent of calphostin C-sensitive protein kinase C and resulted in the increased production and extracellular secretion of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), PGF2 alpha, and PGE2. The secretion of these prostaglandins had no effect on the amount of endothelial cell injury induced by C. albicans. The role of the increased prostaglandin secretion by endothelial cells is likely related to modulation of the leukocyte response at the candida-leukocyte-endothelial cell interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Filler
- Department of Internal Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine
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46
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Abstract
The pharmacological and toxicological activity of 2,2',2''-tripyridine was determined in rat thoracic aorta. 2,2',2''-Tripyridine inhibited norepinephrine (3 microM)-induced phasic and tonic contractions in the thoracic aorta as well as the endothelium-denuded aorta of the rat. The tonic pre-contraction elicited by norepinephrine was also relaxed by the addition of 2,2',2''-tripyridine and this relaxing effect was not affected by indomethacin (20 microM) but partially antagonized by methylene blue (50 microM). In high-K+ medium (80 mM), 2,2',2''-tripyridine inhibited the Ca2+ concentration dependent vasocontraction. Moreover, in Ca(2+)-free medium, the phasic contraction induced by either norepinephrine (3 microM) or caffeine (10 mM) was also suppressed by 2,2',2''-tripyridine. Although the cAMP level of rat aorta was not changed by 2,2',2''-tripyridine, cGMP level was significantly increased by 2,2',2''-tripyridine. The increase in cGMP level caused by 2,2',2''-tripyridine was completely blocked by methylene blue (50 microM). The 45Ca2+ influx elicited by either norepinephrine or high-K+ was inhibited by 2,2',2''-tripyridine. All of these findings indicate that 2,2',2''-tripyridine relaxes rat thoracic aorta by virtue of its Ca(2+)-channel blocking properties and by elevating cGMP levels in vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Hsu
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Teng CM, Yu SM, Pan CP, Lee SS. Mechanism of vasorelaxation caused by N-Benzylsecoboldine in rat thoracic aorta. J Biomed Sci 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02258340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Ko FN, Yu SM, Su MJ, Wu YC, Teng CM. Pharmacological activity of (-)-discretamine, a novel vascular alpha-adrenoceptor and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist, isolated from Fissistigma glaucescens. Br J Pharmacol 1993; 110:882-8. [PMID: 7902181 PMCID: PMC2175899 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The pharmacological activity of (-)-discretamine, isolated from Fissistigma glaucescens, was determined in rat isolated thoracic aorta, cardiac tissues and ventricular myocytes and guinea-pig isolated trachea. 2. (-)-Discretamine was found to be an alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking agent in rat thoracic aorta as revealed by its competitive antagonism of noradrenaline (pA2 = 7.20 +/- 0.10)- or phenylephrine (pA2 = 7.60 +/- 0.09)-induced vasoconstriction. It was as potent as phentolamine (pA2 = 7.51 +/- 0.10), but was more potent than yohimbine (pA2 = 6.18 +/- 0.06). Removal of endothelium significantly increased the antagonistic potency of (-)-discretamine on noradrenaline (pA2 = 7.52 +/- 0.09)- or phenylephrine (pA2 = 7.90 +/- 0.09)-induced vasoconstriction. 3. (-)-Discretamine was also an alpha 2-adrenoceptor blocking agent (pA2 = 6.30 +/- 0.15) and a 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonist (pA2 = 6.87 +/- 0.06), both in rat aorta denuded of endothelium. 4. (-)-Discretamine protected alpha-adrenoceptors from alkylation by the irreversible blocking agent, phenoxybenzamine. 5. [3H]-inositol monophosphate formation caused by noradrenaline (3 microM) in rat thoracic aorta was suppressed by (-)-discretamine (10 and 30 microM) and prazosin (3 microM). 6. A high concentration of (-)-discretamine (30 microM) did not affect the contraction induced by the thromboxane receptor agonist U-46619, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), angiotensin II, high K+ or endothelin in rat aorta denuded of endothelium. Neither cyclic AMP nor cyclic GMP content of rat thoracic aorta was changed by (-)-discretamine. 7. Contraction of guinea-pig trachea caused by histamine, leukotriene C4 or carbachol was not affected by (-)-discretamine (30 microM). (-)-Discretamine also did not block beta l- or beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated responses induced by isoprenaline in rat right atria and guinea-pig trachea.8. A voltage clamp study in rat ventricular single myocytes revealed that sodium inward current, slow inward Ca2+ current or transient (ItO) and steady state (I800) outward current was not affected by(-)-discretamine (30 microM).9. It is concluded that (-)-discretamine is a selective x-adrenoceptor and 5-HT receptor antagonist in vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- F N Ko
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Ko FN, Wu YC, Lu ST, Teng CM. Ca(2+)-channel blockade in rat thoracic aorta by crychine isolated from Cryptocarya chinensis Hemsl. J Pharm Pharmacol 1993; 45:707-10. [PMID: 7693910 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1993.tb07093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacological effects of crychine, isolated from Cryptocarya chinensis Hemsl, on rat thoracic aorta were examined. In the high-K+ medium (60 mM), Ca2+ (0.03-3 mM)-induced vasoconstriction was inhibited by crychine in a concentration-dependent manner (10-100 micrograms mL-1). Increasing the incubation time from 5 to 30 min did not cause more pronounced inhibitory effect on KCl-induced contraction. The tonic contractions elicited by KCl (60 mM) and Bay K 8644 (0.1 microM) were also relaxed by the addition of crychine and were more marked in the 1.9 mM than in the 5 mM Ca2+ medium. The noradrenaline concentration-response curves were antagonized non-competitively by crychine (10-100 micrograms mL-1). At the plateau of noradrenaline-induced tonic contraction, the addition of crychine also caused relaxation. This relaxing effect of crychine was not antagonized by indomethacin (20 microM) or methylene blue (50 microM), and was still present in denuded aorta or in the presence of nifedipine (2 microM). Caffeine (10 mM)-induced contraction and cAMP or cGMP levels were not affected by crychine. It is concluded that crychine relaxes the rat thoracic aorta mainly by suppressing the Ca2+ influx through both voltage- and receptor-operated calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- F N Ko
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Michiels C, Arnould T, Remacle J. Hypoxia-induced activation of endothelial cells as a possible cause of venous diseases: hypothesis. Angiology 1993; 44:639-46. [PMID: 8342881 DOI: 10.1177/000331979304400808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Blood stasis in leg veins is a situation commonly linked to the development of venous diseases such as varicoses. Such a stasis will provoke an ischemia, thus decreasing oxygen availability to tissues. Owing to its localization between blood and tissue, endothelium is the first target of this insult. The authors develop here a hypothesis in which the effect of oxygen deprivation on the functional state of the endothelium is the starting point of a cascade of events leading to the disorganization of the vessel wall typical of these pathologies. When venous human endothelial cells obtained from umbilical cords (HUVEC) are exposed to hypoxic conditions they become activated without change in their viability. The synthesis of a proinflammatory molecule (PAF, platelet-activating factor) and the adhesion of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) on HUVEC are markedly increased during hypoxia incubation. These two processes are related to a calcium-dependent activation of endothelial cells due to a decrease of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) availability during hypoxia. Adherence of neutrophils to endothelial cells is the first step of diapedesis, which leads to the infiltration of these cells in the media of the veins, where they affect the smooth muscle cells and the connective tissue, leading to tissue alterations typical of the venous pathologies. The authors propose that this sequential process which originates from a reduction in oxygen availability and which involves different cell type as one main cause of the venous disorders, in addition to genetic, hormonal, and mechanical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Michiels
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Cellulaire, Facultés Universitaires ND de la Paix, Namur, Belgium
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