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Skoie IM, Bårdsen K, Nilsen MM, Eidem LE, Grimstad T, Dalen I, Omdal R. Fatigue and expression of heat shock genes in plaque type psoriasis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:1068-1077. [PMID: 34921435 DOI: 10.1111/ced.15068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic fatigue is common in psoriasis, and heat shock proteins (HSP) have been postulated to influence fatigue. OBJECTIVE To evaluate gene expression patterns of selected HSPs in psoriasis patients with high versus low fatigue. METHODS Fatigue was assessed using the fatigue Visual Analoge Scale and disease activity by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index. Peripheral blood transcriptional profiles (RNA-seq) of HSP genes from 10 patients with high fatigue were compared with 10 patients with low fatigue. HSPB11, HSPBAP1, HSPA14, HSPA9P1, HSP90B1 and HSP90AB1 contributed most to separation of the two groups in a principal component analysis. Four of these genes (HSPB11, HSPA14, HSP90B1, HSP90AB1) were further investigated by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase reaction (RT-qPCR) in 20 patients with high and 20 with low fatigue scores. RESULTS Both RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses revealed a tendency to higher expression levels of HSPB11 and lower expression of HSP90B1 in the high fatigue group versus the low fatigue group. Psoriasis disease activity had no influence on the expression levels of the studied HSP genes. CONCLUSION Overall, the results suggest that some HSPs are involved in generation of fatigue in psoriasis supporting the hypothesis that downregulatory innate immune responses influence fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kjetil Bårdsen
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger
| | - Mari M Nilsen
- Department Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger
| | - Live E Eidem
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger
| | - Tore Grimstad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger.,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen
| | - Ingvild Dalen
- Section of Biostatistics, Stavanger University Stavanger
| | - Roald Omdal
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen.,Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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Bårdsen K, Brede C, Kvivik I, Kvaløy JT, Jonsdottir K, Tjensvoll AB, Ruoff P, Omdal R. Interleukin-1-related activity and hypocretin-1 in cerebrospinal fluid contribute to fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:102. [PMID: 31101054 PMCID: PMC6525358 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is a common and sometimes debilitating phenomenon in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and other chronic inflammatory diseases. We aimed to investigate how IL-1 β-related molecules and the neuropeptide hypocretin-1 (Hcrt1), a regulator of wakefulness, influence fatigue. METHODS Hcrt1 was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 49 patients with pSS. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-1 receptor type 2 (IL-1RII), IL-6, and S100B protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fatigue was rated by the fatigue visual analog scale (fVAS). RESULTS Simple univariate regression and multiple regression analyses with fatigue as a dependent variable revealed that depression, pain, and the biochemical variable IL-1Ra had a significant association with fatigue. In PCA, two significant components were revealed. The first component (PC1) was dominated by variables related to IL-1β activity (IL-1Ra, IL-1RII, and S100B). PC2 showed a negative association between IL-6 and Hcrt1. fVAS was then introduced as an additional variable. This new model demonstrated that fatigue had a higher association with the IL-1β-related PC1 than to PC2. Additionally, a third component (PC3) became significant between low Hcrt1 concentrations and fVAS scores. CONCLUSIONS The main findings of this study indicate a functional network in which several IL-1β-related molecules in CSF influence fatigue in addition to the classical clinical factors of depression and pain. The neuropeptide Hcrt1 seems to participate in fatigue generation, but likely not through the IL-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Bårdsen
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Cato Brede
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Kvivik
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Kvaløy
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | | | - Peter Ruoff
- Centre for Organelle Research (CORE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Roald Omdal
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, POB 8100, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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3
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Fatigue in Mastocytosis: A Case Series. Clin Ther 2019; 41:625-632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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4
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Kentner AC, Bilbo SD, Brown AS, Hsiao EY, McAllister AK, Meyer U, Pearce BD, Pletnikov MV, Yolken RH, Bauman MD. Maternal immune activation: reporting guidelines to improve the rigor, reproducibility, and transparency of the model. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:245-258. [PMID: 30188509 PMCID: PMC6300528 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The 2017 American College of Neuropychopharmacology (ACNP) conference hosted a Study Group on 4 December 2017, Establishing best practice guidelines to improve the rigor, reproducibility, and transparency of the maternal immune activation (MIA) animal model of neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The goals of this session were to (a) evaluate the current literature and establish a consensus on best practices to be implemented in MIA studies, (b) identify remaining research gaps warranting additional data collection and lend to the development of evidence-based best practice design, and (c) inform the MIA research community of these findings. During this session, there was a detailed discussion on the importance of validating immunogen doses and standardizing the general design (e.g., species, immunogenic compound used, housing) of our MIA models both within and across laboratories. The consensus of the study group was that data does not currently exist to support specific evidence-based model selection or methodological recommendations due to lack of consistency in reporting, and that this issue extends to other inflammatory models of neurodevelopmental abnormalities. This launched a call to establish a reporting checklist focusing on validation, implementation, and transparency modeled on the ARRIVE Guidelines and CONSORT (scientific reporting guidelines for animal and clinical research, respectively). Here we provide a summary of the discussions in addition to a suggested checklist of reporting guidelines needed to improve the rigor and reproducibility of this valuable translational model, which can be adapted and applied to other animal models as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Kentner
- 0000 0001 0021 3995grid.416498.6School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA USA
| | - Staci D. Bilbo
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA USA
| | - Alan S. Brown
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY USA ,0000 0000 8499 1112grid.413734.6New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Elaine Y. Hsiao
- 0000 0000 9632 6718grid.19006.3eDepartment of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - A. Kimberley McAllister
- 0000 0004 1936 9684grid.27860.3bCenter for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Urs Meyer
- 0000 0004 1937 0650grid.7400.3Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0650grid.7400.3Neuroscience Centre Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brad D. Pearce
- 0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, and Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Mikhail V. Pletnikov
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Robert H. Yolken
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Pediatrics, Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Melissa D. Bauman
- 0000 0004 1936 9684grid.27860.3bThe UC Davis MIND Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, USA
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5
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Ilhan B, Can M, Alibaz-Oner F, Yilmaz-Oner S, Polat-Korkmaz O, Ozen G, Mumcu G, Maradit Kremers H, Direskeneli H. Fatigue in patients with Behçet's syndrome: relationship with quality of life, depression, anxiety, disability and disease activity. Int J Rheum Dis 2016; 21:2139-2145. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birkan Ilhan
- Department of Internal Medicine; School of Medicine; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Meryem Can
- Department of Rheumatology; Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Fatma Alibaz-Oner
- Department of Rheumatology; School of Medicine; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Sibel Yilmaz-Oner
- Department of Rheumatology; School of Medicine; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ozge Polat-Korkmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine; School of Medicine; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Gulsen Ozen
- Department of Rheumatology; School of Medicine; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Gonca Mumcu
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | | | - Haner Direskeneli
- Department of Rheumatology; School of Medicine; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
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Townsend BE, Chen YJ, Jeffery EH, Johnson RW. Dietary broccoli mildly improves neuroinflammation in aged mice but does not reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness behavior. Nutr Res 2014; 34:990-9. [PMID: 25439028 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with oxidative stress and heightened inflammatory response to infection. Dietary interventions to reduce these changes are therefore desirable. Broccoli contains glucoraphanin, which is converted to sulforaphane (SFN) by plant myrosinase during cooking preparation or digestion. Sulforaphane increases antioxidant enzymes including NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase and heme oxygenase I and inhibits inflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that dietary broccoli would support an antioxidant response in brain and periphery of aged mice and inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and sickness. Young adult and aged mice were fed control or 10% broccoli diet for 28 days before an intraperitoneal LPS injection. Social interactions were assessed 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after LPS, and mRNA was quantified in liver and brain at 24 hours. Dietary broccoli did not ameliorate LPS-induced decrease in social interactions in young or aged mice. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression was unaffected by broccoli consumption but was induced by LPS in brain and liver of adult and aged mice. In addition, IL-1β was elevated in brain of aged mice without LPS. Broccoli consumption decreased age-elevated cytochrome b-245 β, an oxidative stress marker, and reduced glial activation markers in aged mice. Collectively, these data suggest that 10% broccoli diet provides a modest reduction in age-related oxidative stress and glial reactivity, but is insufficient to inhibit LPS-induced inflammation. Thus, it is likely that SFN would need to be provided in supplement form to control the inflammatory response to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte E Townsend
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, 1201 West Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yung-Ju Chen
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, 1201 West Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Jeffery
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, 1201 West Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, 1201 West Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, 1201 West Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois, 1201 West Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 1201 West Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Norden DM, Fenn AM, Dugan A, Godbout JP. TGFβ produced by IL-10 redirected astrocytes attenuates microglial activation. Glia 2014; 62:881-95. [PMID: 24616125 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While there clearly is an intimate relationship between astrocytes and microglia, few studies have examined these potentially dynamic interactions. In this study, cytokine-mediated communication between microglia and astrocytes under inflammatory conditions was investigated. We have previously shown that activated microglia produce Interleukin (IL)-10, a regulatory cytokine that plays an important role in resolving neuroinflammation. Nonetheless, the mechanism by which IL-10 attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the brain is unclear. Here, we show that IL-10 redirected astrocytes regulate the activation of microglia in a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β dependent manner. In support of this concept, astrocytes in the brain maintained higher IL-10 receptor (IL-10R1) expression and primary astrocytes in culture were markedly more sensitive to the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 compared with microglia. Moreover, studies using primary cultures and an astrocyte-microglia coculture system revealed that astrocytes mediated the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 on microglia through the production of TGFβ. For instance, only when astrocytes were present did IL-10 stimulation reduce the expression of IL-1β and increase expression of anti-inflammatory mediators fractalkine receptor (CX3 CR1) and interleukin 4 receptor-α (IL-4Rα) in microglia. Importantly, these IL-10-astrocyte dependent effects on microglia were blocked by a TGFβ inhibitor. Furthermore, inhibition of TGFβ signaling in the brain resulted in prolonged sickness behavior and amplified pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Taken together, IL-10 stimulated the production of TGFβ by astrocytes, which in turn, attenuated microglial activation. Overall, these findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms by which astrocytes modulate microglia under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Norden
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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8
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Norheim KB, Harboe E, Gøransson LG, Omdal R. Interleukin-1 inhibition and fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome--a double blind, randomised clinical trial. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30123. [PMID: 22253903 PMCID: PMC3254637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fatigue is a major cause of disability in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Fatigue has similarities with sickness behaviour in animals; the latter mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular interleukin (IL)-1, acting on neuronal brain cells. We hypothesised that IL-1 inhibition might improve fatigue in pSS patients; thus, we examined the effects and safety of an IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) on fatigue. METHODS Twenty-six pSS patients participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study. Patients were randomised to receive either anakinra or a placebo for four weeks. Fatigue was evaluated by a fatigue visual analogue scale and the Fatigue Severity Scale. The primary outcome measure was a group-wise comparison of the fatigue scores at week 4, adjusted for baseline values. Secondary outcome measures included evaluation of laboratory results and safety. The proportion of patients in each group who experienced a 50% reduction in fatigue was regarded as a post-hoc outcome. All outcomes were measured at week 4. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the groups in fatigue scores at week 4 compared to baseline after treatment with anakinra. However, six out of 12 patients on anakinra versus one out of 13 patients on the placebo reported a 50% reduction in fatigue VAS (p = 0.03). There were two serious adverse events in each group. CONCLUSIONS This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of IL-1 blockade did not find a significant reduction in fatigue in pSS in its primary endpoint. A 50% reduction in fatigue was analysed post-hoc, and significantly more patients on the active drug than on placebo reached this endpoint. Although not supported by the primary endpoint, this may indicate that IL-1 inhibition influences fatigue in patients with pSS. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00683345.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Brække Norheim
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
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9
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Corona AW, Huang Y, O'Connor JC, Dantzer R, Kelley KW, Popovich PG, Godbout JP. Fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) deficiency sensitizes mice to the behavioral changes induced by lipopolysaccharide. J Neuroinflammation 2010; 7:93. [PMID: 21167054 PMCID: PMC3018416 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-7-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interactions between fractalkine (CX3CL1) and fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) regulate microglial activation in the CNS. Recent findings indicate that age-associated impairments in CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 are directly associated with exaggerated microglial activation and an impaired recovery from sickness behavior after peripheral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which an acute LPS injection causes amplified and prolonged microglial activation and behavioral deficits in CX3CR1-deficient mice (CX3CR1-/-). Methods CX3CR1-/- mice or control heterozygote mice (CX3CR1+/-) were injected with LPS (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) or saline and behavior (i.e., sickness and depression-like behavior), microglial activation, and markers of tryptophan metabolism were determined. All data were analyzed using Statistical Analysis Systems General Linear Model procedures and were subjected to one-, two-, or three-way ANOVA to determine significant main effects and interactions. Results LPS injection caused a prolonged duration of social withdrawal in CX3CR1-/- mice compared to control mice. This extended social withdrawal was associated with enhanced mRNA expression of IL-1β, indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) in microglia 4 h after LPS. Moreover, elevated expression of IL-1β and CD14 was still detected in microglia of CX3CR1-/- mice 24 h after LPS. There was also increased turnover of tryptophan, serotonin, and dopamine in the brain 24 h after LPS, but these increases were independent of CX3CR1 expression. When submitted to the tail suspension test 48 and 72 h after LPS, an increased duration of immobility was evident only in CX3CR1-/- mice. This depression-like behavior in CX3CR1-/- mice was associated with a persistent activated microglial phenotype in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Conclusions Taken together, these data indicate that a deficiency of CX3CR1 is permissive to protracted microglial activation and prolonged behavioral alterations in response to transient activation of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela W Corona
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, 333 W. 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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10
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Sickness behaviors following medial frontal cortical contusions in male rats. Behav Brain Res 2010; 217:202-8. [PMID: 20933021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Behaviors associated with sickness (food consumption, weight maintenance, exploratory activity and grooming frequency) were examined on post-surgical days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 in male rats treated with progesterone (4 mg/kg) and/or vehicle. Rats with medial frontal cortex contusions showed reduced food consumption on days 1 and 3 (p < 0.01), reduced weight maintenance on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 (p < 0.01), reduced grooming frequency on day 1 (p < .01), and reduced exploratory activity on day 1 (p < 0.01), after injury compared to sham rats. Contusion induced behaviors were not attenuated with 5 days of progesterone treatment (p > 0.05). Progesterone did reduce lesion size at 9 days after injury (p < 0.05). Our results suggest sickness behaviors occur after traumatic brain injury and that they might not respond to some neurosteroidal agents.
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Yee JR, Prendergast BJ. Sex-specific social regulation of inflammatory responses and sickness behaviors. Brain Behav Immun 2010; 24:942-51. [PMID: 20303405 PMCID: PMC2897937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In many mammals, the availability of familiar conspecifics in the home environment can affect immune function and morbidity. Numerous sex differences exist in immune responses, but whether the social environment impacts the immune system differently in males and females is not fully understood. This study examined behavioral and physiological responses to simulated bacterial infection in adult male and female Wistar rats housed either with three same-sex non-siblings (Group) or alone (Isolate). Rats were injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli LPS; 150 microg/kg, i.p.), and behavioral (orectic, locomotor, and social) and physiological (thermoregulatory, cytokine, and corticosterone) inflammatory responses were measured. Among males, LPS-induced fever, suppressed locomotor activity, and inhibited feeding behavior and the magnitude of these responses were greater in Isolate relative to Group housed individuals. In contrast, among females group housing exacerbated behavioral and physiological symptoms of simulated infection. LPS treatments elicited IL-1beta production in all groups, but plasma IL-1beta concentrations were higher and peaked earlier in Isolate relative to Group males, and in Group relative to Isolate females. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of TNFalpha and IL-2 were higher in Group relative to Isolate males. Plasma corticosterone concentrations did not vary as a function of social housing conditions. Together, the data indicate that the social environment markedly influences innate immune responses. Group housing exacerbates inflammatory responses and sickness behaviors in females, but attenuates these responses in males. These sex differences are mediated in part by differential effects of the social environment on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Yee
- Department of Comparative Human Development, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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12
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Seres-Mailo J, Roman O, Pometlova M, Skurlova M, Stofkova A, Jurcovicova J. Early stage of adjuvant arthritis alters behavioral responses in male but not female rats. Rheumatol Int 2008; 28:867-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-008-0537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Johnson DR, O'Connor JC, Dantzer R, Freund GG. Inhibition of vagally mediated immune-to-brain signaling by vanadyl sulfate speeds recovery from sickness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:15184-9. [PMID: 16217019 PMCID: PMC1257721 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0507191102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To the ill patient with diabetes, the behavioral symptoms of sickness such as fatigue and apathy are debilitating and can prevent recuperation. Here we report that peripherally administered insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) attenuates LPS-dependent depression of social exploration (sickness) in nondiabetic (db/+) but not in diabetic (db/db) mice. We show that the insulin/IGF-1 mimetic vanadyl sulfate (VS) is effective at augmenting recovery from sickness in both db/+ and db/db mice. Specifically, peak illness was reached at 2 h for both VS and control animals injected with LPS, and VS mice recovered 50% faster than non-VS-treated animals. Examination of the mechanism of VS action in db/+ mice showed that VS paradoxically augmented peritoneal macrophage responsivity to LPS, increasing both peritoneal and ex vivo macrophage production of IL-1beta and IL-6 but not TNF-alpha. The effects of VS in promoting recovery from sickness were not restricted to LPS, because they were also observed after direct administration of IL-1beta. To explore the possibility that VS impairs immune-to-brain communication via vagal afferents, the vagally mediated satiety-inducing effects of cholecystokinin 8 were tested in db/+ mice. Cholecystokinin decreased food intake in saline-injected mice but not in VS-treated mice. VS also inhibited LPS-dependent up-regulation of IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA in the brain, while increasing by 50% the cerebral expression of transcripts of the specific antagonist of IL-1 receptors IL-1RA and IL-1R2. Taken together, these data indicate that VS improves recovery from LPS-induced sickness by blocking vagally mediated immune-to-brain signaling and by up-regulating brain expression of IL-1beta antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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14
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Omdal R, Gunnarsson R. The effect of interleukin-1 blockade on fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis--a pilot study. Rheumatol Int 2004; 25:481-4. [PMID: 15071755 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-004-0463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2003] [Accepted: 02/22/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fatigue occurs in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other chronic inflammatory diseases and may be defined as an overwhelming sense of tiredness, lack of energy, and feeling of exhaustion. It can be restrictive and severely disabling. We recently found more than 3/4 of systemic lupus erythematosus patients to be significantly affected by this phenomenon. We hypothesized that fatigue in patients with RA might be comparable to sickness behavior in animals possibly caused by disturbances in interleukin-1 beta signaling pathways and thus accessible to blockade by biologic agents. This study compared measures of disease behavior and fatigue symptoms in eight RA patients before and at three time points during treatment with daily administration of anakinra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roald Omdal
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Rogaland Central Hospital, 4068, Stavanger, Norway.
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Hurwitz EL. Do asthma and physical inactivity influence the associations of personal and job stressors with perceived stress and depression? Findings from the 1998-1999 California Work and Health Survey. Ann Epidemiol 2003; 13:358-68. [PMID: 12821275 DOI: 10.1016/s1047-2797(02)00458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study is to estimate the associations of personal and job stressors with perceived stress and depression, and to determine if these associations are modified by asthma and physical inactivity. METHODS Data from 2,902 adult respondents of the 1998-1999 California Work and Health Survey (CWHS) were used. The CWHS included items on asthma, exercise, personal stressors, psychological and physical job demands, and perceived stress and depression. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to estimate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations. RESULTS The estimated joint effects of high stressor scores and asthma on stress are compatible with greater than multiplicative effects in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Asthma did not appear to modify stressor-depression associations, and physical inactivity modified neither stressor-stress nor stressor-depression associations. Among the employed, the cross-sectional joint effects of personal stressors and physical inactivity on stress and depression are compatible with greater than multiplicative effects, as are the effects of low decision latitude and asthma on perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS Asthma and physical inactivity may augment the effects of stressors, suggesting that the increasing prevalence of asthma may contribute to greater stress perception and depression, and that exercise may ameliorate these conditions by dampening stressor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Hurwitz
- UCLA School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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16
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Timonen M, Jokelainen J, Silvennoinen-Kassinen S, Herva A, Zitting P, Xu B, Peltola O, Räsänen P. Association between skin test diagnosed atopy and professionally diagnosed depression: a Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort study. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 52:349-55. [PMID: 12208642 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested an association between IgE-mediated atopic allergies and depression, although thus far no epidemiologic evidence involving a large, unselected, general-population sample and valid methods in diagnosing atopy support this putative association. METHODS We used the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, which was followed prospectively to age 31. Of the total cohort, 5428 individuals underwent skin tests for three of the most common allergens (i.e., cat, birch, and timothy grass) and for dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus). Data on doctor-diagnosed lifetime depression were obtained from questionnaires. RESULTS After adjusting for social class, mothers' parity, place of residence, and psychiatric morbidity, the logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of developing depression when compared with nonatopic subjects increased up to 1.8-fold in atopic women (adjusted odds ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-2.6) and, when compared with skin-test-negative female subjects without allergic symptoms, reached 2.7-fold increases (95% CI 1.6-4.6) in those suffering from clinically manifest atopic disorders. Corresponding associations were not found among male subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that women suffering from atopic diseases may possess an elevated risk for developing depression during early adulthood. Possible background theories (i.e., genetic abnormalities in serotonin metabolism, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, and histamine theory) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Timonen
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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17
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Jiang B, Gentsch JR, Glass RI. The role of serum antibodies in the protection against rotavirus disease: an overview. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34:1351-61. [PMID: 11981731 DOI: 10.1086/340103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2001] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical observation in understanding immunity to rotavirus is that children infected with wild virus or vaccinated with oral live vaccines develop a humoral immune response and are protected against severe disease upon reinfection. Nevertheless, much controversy exists as to whether these serum antibodies are directly involved in protection or merely reflect recent infection, leaving the protective role to mucosal or cell-mediated immunity or to other as-yet-undefined mechanisms. We have reviewed data from a variety of studies in humans, including challenge experiments in adult volunteers, longitudinal studies of rotavirus infection in young children, and clinical trials of animal and animal-human reassortant rotavirus vaccines in infants. These data suggest that serum antibodies, if present at critical levels, are either protective themselves or are an important and powerful correlate of protection against rotavirus disease, even though other host effectors may play an important role as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoming Jiang
- Viral Gastroenteritis Section, Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Chronic pain and depressive illness are debilitating disease states that are variably resistant to currently available therapeutic agents. Animal models of chronic pain are associated with activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, upon which chronic pain acts as an inescapable stressor. Inescapable stress is also associated with 'depressive-like' symptoms in experimental animals. Based on reports of the comorbidity between chronic pain and depressive illness in human patients, it is possible that these disease states are linked, via chronic stress-induced HPA dysfunction. Here, we discuss the possible involvement of the HPA axis in the aetiology of both chronic pain and clinical depression, and suggest a strategy for the development of novel pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Blackburn-Munro
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
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19
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Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H. Immediate and longterm effects of immune stimulation: hypothesis linking the immune response to subsequent physical and psychological wellbeing. Med Hypotheses 2001; 56:620-4. [PMID: 11399109 DOI: 10.1054/mehy.2000.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that antigenic stimuli in susceptible persons during key developmental life stages alters neuroendocrine-immune organization and leads to the development of aberrant immune and neuroendocrine responses to subsequent environmental stressors, with longterm physical and psychological consequences. The release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and other proinflammatory cytokines associated with the immune response during times when individuals are most vulnerable to the effects of environmental influences activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and leads to maladaptive responses to subsequent stressors. The primed HPA axis is reactivated by proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and cortisol, followed by physical and psychological effects that feedback on the HPA axis to produce an array of outcomes affecting general wellbeing. Through the release of histamine and other mediators and their effects on the mast cell-leukocyte cytokine cascade, immune stimuli in susceptible persons increase allergic inflammation and magnify stressors' effects through the release of HPA-axis-activating cytokines, such as IL-1beta, that drive the axis and reinforce the physiological and behavioral effects. Thus, specific proinflammatory cytokines and allergic reactions initiate, promote, and maintain immune-stimulus-associated HPA axis activity, and with CRH and cortisol, participate in a positive feedback loop, resulting in aberrant, maladaptive responses to physical or psychological stressors, with outcomes such as depression, hyperalgesia, and pain-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Hurwitz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Autoimmune disorders can involve patients of any age and organs of any organ system. The central and peripheral nervous systems are frequently among the targets of these diseases. Immune dysfunction often presents in childhood or adolescence. Among the autoimmune disorders that present during childhood and adolescence, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, and Behcet's disease affect the nervous system with some degree of frequency. Furthermore, although juvenile rheumatoid arthritis only rarely affects the nervous system during childhood, it and its adult-onset counterpart may have profound long-term neurological consequences. Both symptomatic and pathophysiologically aimed therapies are important in the treatment of the nervous system sequelae of systemic autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Schor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
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21
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Wamboldt MZ, Hewitt JK, Schmitz S, Wamboldt FS, Räsänen M, Koskenvuo M, Romanov K, Varjonen J, Kaprio J. Familial association between allergic disorders and depression in adult Finnish twins. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2000; 96:146-53. [PMID: 10893486 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(20000403)96:2<146::aid-ajmg4>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown a relationship between allergic disorders and depression, panic disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and social anxiety for a significant subset of patients with these disorders. The nature of the relationship, whether due to shared environmental or biologic vulnerabilities or as a result of the stress of chronic illness, has been less clear. By examining the covariance of atopic disorders and depressive symptoms in a community sample of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, the contribution of genetic and/or shared environmental etiological factors can be established. A Finnish sample of 1337 MZ and 2506 DZ twin pairs, ages 33-60 years, was sent questionnaires inquiring about history of asthma, eczema, and atopic rhinitis, as well as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The nature of the covariation between twins of these symptoms was investigated by fitting competing genetic and environmental models. Within-person correlation between atopic symptoms and BDI was 0.103 (P < 0.001) for the total sample. Using the Mx statistical modeling program to fit the data to competing quantitative genetic models, the best fitting model estimated that 64% of the association between atopy and BDI was due to shared familial vulnerability, primarily additive genetic influences. Although the measures for allergic disorders and depression are crude, this study supports the hypothesis that there is a small shared genetic risk for atopic and depressive symptoms, and if replicated, may open research for common mechanisms between allergic and depressive disorders. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:146-153, 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Wamboldt
- National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
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22
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Cuffel B, Wamboldt M, Borish L, Kennedy S, Crystal-Peters J. Economic consequences of comorbid depression, anxiety, and allergic rhinitis. PSYCHOSOMATICS 1999; 40:491-6. [PMID: 10581977 DOI: 10.1016/s0033-3182(99)71187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study extends prior work on the association between allergic rhinitis (AR) and common mental disorders by testing three related hypotheses: 1) that AR is associated with increased rates of depression and anxiety disorders in a large insured population, 2) comorbid AR, depression, and anxiety are associated with increased health and mental health expenditures, and 3) allergy treatment moderates the association between increased expenditures and comorbid AR, depression, and anxiety. Data are from MARKETSCAN, a large health care claims database of over 600,000 privately insured persons. Results indicate that AR is associated with higher rates of depression and anxiety disorder. Outpatient health care expenditures were increased by an average annual amount of $207 when AR and anxiety disorder were comorbid and $363 when AR and depression were comorbid. Finally, prescription treatment of AR moderated the increased expenditures associated with comorbidity.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Anxiety Disorders/drug therapy
- Anxiety Disorders/economics
- Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Comorbidity
- Depressive Disorder/drug therapy
- Depressive Disorder/economics
- Depressive Disorder/epidemiology
- Drug Costs/statistics & numerical data
- Female
- Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data
- Humans
- Infant
- Insurance Claim Review/statistics & numerical data
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/economics
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/economics
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology
- United States/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cuffel
- United Behavioral Health, San Francisco, CA 94105-2426, USA
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23
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Abstract
Increasing evidence of the neuroimmunomodulatory role of the pineal gland prompted the present study of pineal gland expression of the immunoregulatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1beta. IL-1beta was constitutively expressed in the adult gland, with mRNA levels higher in glands collected during the photophase than in those collected during the scotophase of the light:dark cycle. IL-1beta was up-regulated in pineal cultures, after treatment with either norepinephrine (NE) or interferon (IFN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Although both astrocytes and microglia expressed IL-1beta, important differences were found in the cellular expression of this cytokine under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Increased IL-1beta expression by NE ex vivo and the decline in IL-1 expression at night, when NE levels are elevated, can be explained by immunocytochemical data showing that astrocytes are the predominant cell type expressing this cytokine in vivo, whereas IL-1beta-positive cells are predominantly microglia in pineal explants and dispersed cell cultures. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that cytokines secreted by pineal glia (astrocytes and microglia) may have an important regulatory role in the pineal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tsai
- Loyola University Medical Center, Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Maywood, Illinois 60153-5589, USA
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Liu SJ, Zhou W, Kennedy RH. Suppression of beta-adrenergic responsiveness of L-type Ca2+ current by IL-1beta in rat ventricular myocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 276:H141-8. [PMID: 9887027 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1999.276.1.h141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The possible mechanism by which interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) affects beta-adrenergic responsiveness of L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) was examined in adult rat ventricular myocytes by use of whole cell patch-clamp techniques. In the presence of isoproterenol (Iso), exposure for 3 min to IL-1beta suppressed the Iso-activated ICa,L. In the presence of IL-1beta, the response of ICa,L to Iso was decreased, and the EC50 for Iso stimulation was increased. However, IL-1beta had no effect on [3H]CGP-12177 binding, displacement of [3H]CGP-12177 binding by Iso, or on basal and Iso-enhanced cAMP content. When ICa,L was activated by extracellular application of forskolin or 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP, a membrane-permeable cAMP analog, or by intracellular dialysis with cAMP, IL-1beta had little effect on ICa,L. In contrast, in the presence of cAMP, IL-1beta still suppressed the Iso-enhanced ICa,L. These results show that the IL-1beta-induced decrease in beta-adrenergic responsiveness of ICa,L does not result from inhibition of beta-adrenoceptor binding, adenylyl cyclase activity, or cAMP-mediated pathways, suggesting a cAMP-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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25
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Abstract
Based on the extensive characterization of communication pathways between the nervous system and the immune system, there has been increasing interest in the impact of the nervous system on the development and expression of disorders involving the immune system and the contribution of the immune system to psychiatric disease. A vast literature has documented the impact of various stressors on a wide array of immune partners, and the specific neuroendocrine pathways involved have been elucidated. The impact of cytokines on neuroendocrine function and behavior has also been determined, and the relevance of cytokines to the pathophysiology of depression has become an exciting new research frontier. This article provides a foundation for integrating neuroendocrine-immune interactions into the formulation of neuropsychiatric and immunologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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