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Zott B, Nästle L, Grienberger C, Unger F, Knauer MM, Wolf C, Keskin-Dargin A, Feuerbach A, Busche MA, Skerra A, Konnerth A. β-amyloid monomer scavenging by an anticalin protein prevents neuronal hyperactivity in mouse models of Alzheimer's Disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5819. [PMID: 38987287 PMCID: PMC11237084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivity mediated by synaptotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers is one of the earliest forms of neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. In the search for a preventive treatment strategy, we tested the effect of scavenging Aβ peptides before Aβ plaque formation. Using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging and SF-iGluSnFR-based glutamate imaging in hippocampal slices, we demonstrate that an Aβ binding anticalin protein (Aβ-anticalin) can suppress early neuronal hyperactivity and synaptic glutamate accumulation in the APP23xPS45 mouse model of β-amyloidosis. Our results suggest that the sole targeting of Aβ monomers is sufficient for the hyperactivity-suppressing effect of the Aβ-anticalin at early disease stages. Biochemical and neurophysiological analyses indicate that the Aβ-anticalin-dependent depletion of naturally secreted Aβ monomers interrupts their aggregation to neurotoxic oligomers and, thereby, reverses early neuronal and synaptic dysfunctions. Thus, our results suggest that Aβ monomer scavenging plays a key role in the repair of neuronal function at early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Zott
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Neuroradiology, MRI hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Lea Nästle
- Chair of Biological Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christine Grienberger
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biology and Volen National Center of Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Felix Unger
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, MRI hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany
| | - Manuel M Knauer
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Wolf
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, MRI hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Anna Feuerbach
- Chair of Biological Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marc Aurel Busche
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arne Skerra
- Chair of Biological Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| | - Arthur Konnerth
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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Raine J, Tolwinski N, Gruber J, Mathuru AS. Evaluating the inter-species transmission risk of amyloid beta peptide aggregates via ingestion. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:123. [PMID: 38849926 PMCID: PMC11157902 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports suggest that amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides can exhibit prion-like pathogenic properties. Transmission of Aβ peptide and the development of associated pathologies after surgeries with contaminated instruments and intravenous or intracerebral inoculations have now been reported across fish, rodents, primates, and humans. This raises a worrying prospect of Aβ peptides also having other characteristics typical of prions, such as evasion of the digestive process. We asked if such transmission of Aβ aggregates via ingestion was possible. METHODS We made use of a transgenic Drosophila melanogaster line expressing human Aβ peptide prone to aggregation. Fly larvae were fed to adult zebrafish under two feeding schemes. The first was a short-term, high-intensity scheme over 48 h to determine transmission and retention in the gut. The second, long-term scheme specifically examined retention and accumulation in the brain. The gut and brain tissues were examined by histology, western blotting, and mass spectrometric analyses. RESULTS None of the analyses could detect Aβ aggregates in the guts of zebrafish following ingestion, despite being easily detectable in the feed. Additionally, there was no detectable accumulation of Aβ in the brain tissue or development of associated pathologies after prolonged feeding. CONCLUSIONS While human Aβ aggregates do not appear to be readily transmissible by ingestion across species, two prospects remain open. First, this mode of transmission, if occurring, may stay below a detectable threshold and may take much longer to manifest. A second possibility is that the human Aβ peptide is not able to trigger self-propagation or aggregation in other species. Either possibility requires further investigation, taking into account the possibility of such transmission from agricultural species used in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Raine
- Yale-NUS College, 12 College Avenue West, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Tolwinski
- Yale-NUS College, 12 College Avenue West, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Gruber
- Yale-NUS College, 12 College Avenue West, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ajay S Mathuru
- Yale-NUS College, 12 College Avenue West, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Digital Medicine (WisDM) Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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Wu Y, Yang J, Geng Y, Jiao X, Lu Z, Zhang T, Zhao R, Guo J, Wang W, Wang J, Zhang X. A Biomimic Nanobullet with Ameliorative Inflammatory Microenvironment for Alzheimer's Disease Treatments. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302851. [PMID: 37934884 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Aβ oligomers, formed prior to diagnostic marker-amyloid β (Aβ) plaques, can damage neurons and trigger neuroinflammation, which accelerate the neuronal injury in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, the combination of eliminating the Aβ oligomers and alleviating the inflammation is a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. However, the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the intrinsic deficiencies of the drugs severely restrict their therapeutic effects. Inspired by the properties of rabies virus, a biomimic nanobullet (PBACR@NRs/SA) targeting neurons has been developed. The biomimic nanobullets possess the BBB penetrating character based on iron oxide nanorods; it can sequentially release rosmarinic acid and small interfering RNA targeting NF-κB triggered by microenvironment, which improve the microenvironment inflammation and realize the cure for AD. Compared with non-biomimic systems, the biomimic nanobullets exhibit a less caveolin-dependent internalization pathway, which reduces ROS production and mitochondrial fission in neurons. Therefore, the biomimic nanobullet is hopeful for the treatment of ADs and provides a promising platform for other brain diseases' treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yiwan Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiyue Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tianlu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ruichen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Dhapola R, Kumari S, Sharma P, HariKrishnaReddy D. Insight into the emerging and common experimental in-vivo models of Alzheimer's disease. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:33. [PMID: 38082453 PMCID: PMC10712122 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial, rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disorder. As the exact cause of the disease is still unclear, the drug development is very challenging. This review encompasses the commonly used AD models involving various chemicals, heavy metals and endogenous substances induced models and the transgenic models. It also provides insight into the reliable emerging models of AD that may overcome the shortcomings associated with available models. Chemicals like streptozotocin, scopolamine, colchicine and okadaic acid render the animal susceptible to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration along with amyloid-β deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Similarly, endogenous substances like acrolein and amyloid-β 1-42 are efficient in inducing the major pathologies of AD. Heavy metals like aluminum and fluoride and mixture of these have been reported to induce neurotoxicity therefore are used as animal models for AD. Transgenic models developed as a result of knock-in or knock-out of certain genes associated with AD including PDAPP, APP23, Tg2576, APP/PS1, 3 × Tg and 5 × FAD have also been incorporated in this study. Further, emerging and advanced pathomimetic models of AD are provided particular interest here which will add on to the current knowledge of animal models and may aid in the drug development process and deepen our understanding related to AD pathogenesis. These newly discovered models include oAβ25-35 model, transgenic model expressing 82-kDa ChAT, oDGal mouse and APP knock-in rat. This study may aid in the selection of suitable model for development of novel potent therapeutics and for exploring detailed pathogenic mechanism of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Dhapola
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Prajjwal Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Dibbanti HariKrishnaReddy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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Chaoul V, Dib EY, Bedran J, Khoury C, Shmoury O, Harb F, Soueid J. Assessing Drug Administration Techniques in Zebrafish Models of Neurological Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14898. [PMID: 37834345 PMCID: PMC10573323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, affect nearly one in six of the world's population. The burden of the resulting deaths and disability is set to rise during the next few decades as a consequence of an aging population. To address this, zebrafish have become increasingly prominent as a model for studying human neurological diseases and exploring potential therapies. Zebrafish offer numerous benefits, such as genetic homology and brain similarities, complementing traditional mammalian models and serving as a valuable tool for genetic screening and drug discovery. In this comprehensive review, we highlight various drug delivery techniques and systems employed for therapeutic interventions of neurological diseases in zebrafish, and evaluate their suitability. We also discuss the challenges encountered during this process and present potential advancements in innovative techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Chaoul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (V.C.); (J.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Emanuel-Youssef Dib
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat P.O. Box 100, Lebanon; (E.-Y.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Joe Bedran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (V.C.); (J.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Chakib Khoury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat P.O. Box 100, Lebanon; (E.-Y.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Omar Shmoury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (V.C.); (J.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Frédéric Harb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat P.O. Box 100, Lebanon; (E.-Y.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Jihane Soueid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (V.C.); (J.B.); (O.S.)
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6
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Khan F, Qiu H. Amyloid-β: A potential mediator of aging-related vascular pathologies. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 152:107213. [PMID: 37625763 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Aging is one of the most promising risk factors for vascular diseases, however, the precise mechanisms mediating aging-related pathologies are not fully understood. Amyloid beta (Aβ), a peptide produced by the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), is known as a key mediator of brain damage involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, it was found that the accumulation of Aβ in the vascular wall is linked to a range of aging-related vascular pathologies, indicating a potential role of Aβ in the pathogenesis of aging-associated vascular diseases. In the present review, we have updated the molecular regulation of Aβ in vascular cells and tissues, summarized the relevance of the Aβ deposition with vascular aging and diseases, and the role of Aβ dysregulation in aging-associated vascular pathologies, including the impaired vascular response, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This review will provide advanced information in understanding aging-related vascular pathologies and a new avenue to explore therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlullah Khan
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix 85004, AZ, USA
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix 85004, AZ, USA.
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Lee D, Ryoo JE, Hong S, Kim HY, Kim Y. Carprofen alleviates Alzheimer-like phenotypes of 5XFAD transgenic mice by targeting the pathological hallmarks induced by amyloid-β aggregation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10889. [PMID: 37407605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by misfolding, oligomerization, and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain. Aβ monomers transform into Aβ oligomers, which are toxic species, inducing tau hyperphosphorylation and the downstream effects on microglia and astrocytes, triggering synaptic and cognitive dysfunctions. The oligomers then deposit into Aβ plaques, primarily composed of β-stranded fibrils, required for definitive AD diagnosis. As amyloid burden plays the pivotal role in AD pathogenesis, many efforts are devoted in preventing amyloidosis as a therapeutic approach to impede the disease progression. Here, we discovered carprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, accelerates Aβ aggregating into fibrils and increases Aβ plaques when intraperitoneally injected to 5XFAD transgenic mouse model. However, the drug seems to alleviate the key Alzheimer-like phenotypes induced by Aβ aggregation as we found attenuated neuroinflammation, improved post-synaptic density expression, associated with synaptic plasticity, and decreased phosphorylated tau levels. Carprofen also rescued impaired working memory as we discovered improved spontaneous alternation performance through Y-maze test assessed with Aβ(1-42)-infused mouse model. Collectively, while carprofen accelerates the conversion of Aβ monomers into fibrils in vitro, the drug ameliorates the major pathological hallmarks of AD in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Ryoo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hye Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
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Li X, Ospitalieri S, Robberechts T, Hofmann L, Schmid C, Rijal Upadhaya A, Koper MJ, von Arnim CAF, Kumar S, Willem M, Gnoth K, Ramakers M, Schymkowitz J, Rousseau F, Walter J, Ronisz A, Balakrishnan K, Thal DR. Seeding, maturation and propagation of amyloid β-peptide aggregates in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 2022; 145:3558-3570. [PMID: 36270003 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is neuropathologically characterized by the deposition of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) as amyloid plaques. Aβ plaque pathology starts in the neocortex before it propagates into further brain regions. Moreover, Aβ aggregates undergo maturation indicated by the occurrence of post-translational modifications. Here, we show that propagation of Aβ plaques is led by presumably non-modified Aβ followed by Aβ aggregate maturation. This sequence was seen neuropathologically in human brains and in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice receiving intracerebral injections of human brain homogenates from cases varying in Aβ phase, Aβ load and Aβ maturation stage. The speed of propagation after seeding in mice was best related to the Aβ phase of the donor, the progression speed of maturation to the stage of Aβ aggregate maturation. Thus, different forms of Aβ can trigger propagation/maturation of Aβ aggregates, which may explain the lack of success when therapeutically targeting only specific forms of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Li
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Simona Ospitalieri
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Tessa Robberechts
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Linda Hofmann
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Christina Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Ajeet Rijal Upadhaya
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Marta J Koper
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, KU-Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven Brain Institute , Leuven , Belgium
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Christine A F von Arnim
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
- Division of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Kathrin Gnoth
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology , Halle , Germany
| | - Meine Ramakers
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB , Leuven , Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB , Leuven , Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB , Leuven , Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Alicja Ronisz
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Karthikeyan Balakrishnan
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
- Department of Gene Therapy, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
- Department of Pathology, UZ-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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Functionally linked potassium channel activity in cerebral endothelial and smooth muscle cells is compromised in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204581119. [PMID: 35727988 PMCID: PMC9245656 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204581119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer’s disease show hypoperfusion of the brain and this may contribute to disease progression. To elucidate underlying mechanisms, we studied pial arteries from 18-mo-old mice with Alzheimer’s disease due to overexpression of amyloid precursor protein. We found enhanced pressure-induced constriction of arteries because of reduction in ryanodine receptor-mediated, local calcium-release events (“Ca2+ sparks”) in arterial smooth muscle cells and a consequent decrease in the activity of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels. This phenotype was partially recapitulated by application of an amyloid-β peptide to healthy arteries. Our results will direct further research to restore cerebrovascular function, which is damaged in Alzheimer’s disease, leading to potentially new treatment options. The brain microcirculation is increasingly viewed as a potential target for disease-modifying drugs in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease patients, reflecting a growing appreciation of evidence that cerebral blood flow is compromised in such patients. However, the pathogenic mechanisms in brain resistance arteries underlying blood flow defects have not yet been elucidated. Here we probed the roles of principal vasodilatory pathways in cerebral arteries using the APP23 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, in which amyloid precursor protein is increased approximately sevenfold, leading to neuritic plaques and cerebrovascular accumulation of amyloid-β similar to those in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Pial arteries from APP23 mice (18 mo old) exhibited enhanced pressure-induced (myogenic) constriction because of a profound reduction in ryanodine receptor-mediated, local calcium-release events (“Ca2+ sparks”) in arterial smooth muscle cells and a consequent decrease in the activity of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels. The ability of the endothelial cell inward rectifier K+ (Kir2.1) channel to cause dilation was also compromised. Acute application of amyloid-β 1-40 peptide to cerebral arteries from wild-type mice partially recapitulated the BK dysfunction seen in APP23 mice but had no effect on Kir2.1 function. If mirrored in human Alzheimer’s disease, these tandem defects in K+ channel-mediated vasodilation could account for the clinical cerebrovascular presentation seen in patients: reduced blood flow and crippled functional hyperemia. These data direct future research toward approaches that reverse this dual vascular channel dysfunction, with the ultimate aim of restoring healthy cerebral blood flow and improving clinical outcomes.
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10
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Ammassari-Teule M. Inbred Mice Again at Stake: How the Cognitive Profile of the Wild-Type Mouse Background Discloses Pathogenic Effects of APP Mutations. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:868473. [PMID: 35813596 PMCID: PMC9260142 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.868473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing efforts have been made in the last decades to increase the face validity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models. Main advancements have consisted in generating AD mutations closer to those identified in humans, enhancing genetic diversity of wild-type backgrounds, and choosing protocols much apt to reveal AD-like cognitive dysfunctions. Nevertheless, two aspects remain less considered: the cognitive specialization of inbred strains used as recipient backgrounds of mutations and the heuristic importance of studying destabilization of memory circuits in pre-symptomatic mice facing cognitive challenges. This article underscores the relevance of these behavioral/experimental aspects by reviewing data which show that (i) inbred mice differ in their innate predisposition to rely on episodic vs. procedural memory, which implicates differential sensitivity to mutations aimed at disrupting temporal lobe-dependent memory, and that (ii) investigating training-driven neural alterations in asymptomatic mutants unveils early synaptic damage, which considerably anticipates detection of AD first signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Ammassari-Teule
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
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11
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Marazuela P, Paez-Montserrat B, Bonaterra-Pastra A, Solé M, Hernández-Guillamon M. Impact of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Two Transgenic Mouse Models of Cerebral β-Amyloidosis: A Neuropathological Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094972. [PMID: 35563362 PMCID: PMC9103818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological accumulation of parenchymal and vascular amyloid-beta (Aβ) are the main hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA), respectively. Emerging evidence raises an important contribution of vascular dysfunction in AD pathology that could partially explain the failure of anti-Aβ therapies in this field. Transgenic mice models of cerebral β-amyloidosis are essential to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying amyloid accumulation in the cerebrovasculature and its interactions with neuritic plaque deposition. Here, our main objective was to evaluate the progression of both parenchymal and vascular deposition in APP23 and 5xFAD transgenic mice in relation to age and sex. We first showed a significant age-dependent accumulation of extracellular Aβ deposits in both transgenic models, with a greater increase in APP23 females. We confirmed that CAA pathology was more prominent in the APP23 mice, demonstrating a higher progression of Aβ-positive vessels with age, but not linked to sex, and detecting a pronounced burden of cerebral microbleeds (cMBs) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In contrast, 5xFAD mice did not present CAA, as shown by the negligible Aβ presence in cerebral vessels and the occurrence of occasional cMBs comparable to WT mice. In conclusion, the APP23 mouse model is an interesting tool to study the overlap between vascular and parenchymal Aβ deposition and to evaluate future disease-modifying therapy before its translation to the clinic.
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12
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Zattoni M, Mearelli M, Vanni S, Colini Baldeschi A, Tran TH, Ferracin C, Catania M, Moda F, Di Fede G, Giaccone G, Tagliavini F, Zanusso G, Ironside JW, Ferrer I, Legname G. Serpin Signatures in Prion and Alzheimer's Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3778-3799. [PMID: 35416570 PMCID: PMC9148297 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serpins represent the most broadly distributed superfamily of proteases inhibitors. They contribute to a variety of physiological functions and any alteration of the serpin-protease equilibrium can lead to severe consequences. SERPINA3 dysregulation has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prion diseases. In this study, we investigated the differential expression of serpin superfamily members in neurodegenerative diseases. SERPIN expression was analyzed in human frontal cortex samples from cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), patients at early stages of AD-related pathology, and age-matched controls not affected by neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, we studied whether Serpin expression was dysregulated in two animal models of prion disease and AD.Our analysis revealed that, besides the already observed upregulation of SERPINA3 in patients with prion disease and AD, SERPINB1, SERPINB6, SERPING1, SERPINH1, and SERPINI1 were dysregulated in sCJD individuals compared to controls, while only SERPINB1 was upregulated in AD patients. Furthermore, we analyzed whether other serpin members were differentially expressed in prion-infected mice compared to controls and, together with SerpinA3n, SerpinF2 increased levels were observed. Interestingly, SerpinA3n transcript and protein were upregulated in a mouse model of AD. The SERPINA3/SerpinA3nincreased anti-protease activity found in post-mortem brain tissue of AD and prion disease samples suggest its involvement in the neurodegenerative processes. A SERPINA3/SerpinA3n role in neurodegenerative disease-related protein aggregation was further corroborated by in vitro SerpinA3n-dependent prion accumulation changes. Our results indicate SERPINA3/SerpinA3n is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prion and prion-like neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zattoni
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Marika Mearelli
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vanni
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Arianna Colini Baldeschi
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thanh Hoa Tran
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,VN-UK Institute for Research and Executive Education, The University of Danang, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Chiara Ferracin
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcella Catania
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Moda
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zanusso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - James W Ironside
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.
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13
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Palotai M, Schregel K, Nazari N, Merchant JP, Taylor WM, Guttmann CRG, Sinkus R, Young-Pearse TL, Patz S. Magnetic resonance elastography to study the effect of amyloid plaque accumulation in a mouse model. J Neuroimaging 2022; 32:617-628. [PMID: 35384128 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Biomechanical changes in the brain have not been fully elucidated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to investigate the effect of β-amyloid accumulation on mouse brain viscoelasticity. METHODS Magnetic resonance elastography was used to calculate magnitude of the viscoelastic modulus (|G*|), elasticity (Gd ), and viscosity (Gl ) in the whole brain parenchyma (WB) and bilateral hippocampi of 9 transgenic J20 (AD) mice (5 males/4 females) and 10 wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice (5 males/5 females) at 11 and 14 months of age. RESULTS Cross-sectional analyses showed no significant difference between AD and WT mice at either timepoints. No sex-specific differences were observed at 11 months of age, but AD females showed significantly higher hippocampal |G*| and Gl and WB |G*|, Gd , and Gl compared to both AD and WT males at 14 months of age. Similar trending differences were found between female AD and female WT animals but did not reach significance. Longitudinal analyses showed significant increases in hippocampal |G*|, Gd , and Gl , and significant decreases in WB |G*|, Gd , and Gl between 11 and 14 months in both AD and WT mice. Each subgroup showed significant increases in all hippocampal and significant decreases in all WB measures, with the exception of AD females, which showed no significant changes in WB |G*|, Gd , or Gl . CONCLUSION Aging had region-specific effects on cerebral viscoelasticity, namely, WB softening and hippocampal stiffening. Amyloid plaque deposition may have sex-specific effects, which require further scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Palotai
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katharina Schregel
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Navid Nazari
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie P Merchant
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Walter M Taylor
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles R G Guttmann
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ralph Sinkus
- School of Biomedical Imaging and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, University Paris Diderot, University Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel Patz
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Hoffmann T, Rahfeld JU, Schenk M, Ponath F, Makioka K, Hutter-Paier B, Lues I, Lemere CA, Schilling S. Combination of the Glutaminyl Cyclase Inhibitor PQ912 (Varoglutamstat) and the Murine Monoclonal Antibody PBD-C06 (m6) Shows Additive Effects on Brain Aβ Pathology in Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111791. [PMID: 34769222 PMCID: PMC8584206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that pyroglutamate-modified Aβ (pGlu3-Aβ; AβN3pG) peptides play a pivotal role in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Approaches targeting pGlu3-Aβ by glutaminyl cyclase (QC) inhibition (Varoglutamstat) or monoclonal antibodies (Donanemab) are currently in clinical development. Here, we aimed at an assessment of combination therapy of Varoglutamstat (PQ912) and a pGlu3-Aβ-specific antibody (m6) in transgenic mice. Whereas the single treatments at subtherapeutic doses show moderate (16–41%) but statistically insignificant reduction of Aβ42 and pGlu-Aβ42 in mice brain, the combination of both treatments resulted in significant reductions of Aβ by 45–65%. Evaluation of these data using the Bliss independence model revealed a combination index of ≈1, which is indicative for an additive effect of the compounds. The data are interpreted in terms of different pathways, in which the two drugs act. While PQ912 prevents the formation of pGlu3-Aβ in different compartments, the antibody is able to clear existing pGlu3-Aβ deposits. The results suggest that combination of the small molecule Varoglutamstat and a pE3Aβ-directed monoclonal antibody may allow a reduction of the individual compound doses while maintaining the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Hoffmann
- Vivoryon Therapeutics N.V., Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Jens-Ulrich Rahfeld
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany; (J.-U.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Mathias Schenk
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany; (J.-U.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Falk Ponath
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd., Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.P.); (K.M.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Koki Makioka
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd., Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.P.); (K.M.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Birgit Hutter-Paier
- QPS Austria GmbH, Department of Neuropharmacology, Parkring 12, A-8074 Grambach, Austria;
| | - Inge Lues
- Vivoryon Therapeutics N.V., Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Cynthia A. Lemere
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd., Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.P.); (K.M.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Stephan Schilling
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany; (J.-U.R.); (M.S.)
- Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburger Straße 55, 06366 Köthen, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (S.S.)
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15
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Giménez-Llort L, Marin-Pardo D, Marazuela P, Hernández-Guillamón M. Survival Bias and Crosstalk between Chronological and Behavioral Age: Age- and Genotype-Sensitivity Tests Define Behavioral Signatures in Middle-Aged, Old, and Long-Lived Mice with Normal and AD-Associated Aging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060636. [PMID: 34199476 PMCID: PMC8228433 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New evidence refers to a high degree of heterogeneity in normal but also Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical and temporal patterns, increased mortality, and the need to find specific end-of-life prognosticators. This heterogeneity is scarcely explored in very old male AD mice models due to their reduced survival. In the present work, using 915 (432 APP23 and 483 C57BL/6 littermates) mice, we confirmed the better survival curves in male than female APP23 mice and respective wildtypes, providing the chance to characterize behavioral signatures in middle-aged, old, and long-lived male animals. The sensitivity of a battery of seven paradigms for comprehensive screening of motor (activity and gait analysis), neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms was analyzed using a cohort of 56 animals, composed of 12-, 18- and 24-month-old male APP23 mice and wildtype littermates. Most variables analyzed detected age-related differences. However, variables related to coping with stress, thigmotaxis, frailty, gait, and poor cognition better discriminated the behavioral phenotype of male APP23 mice through the three old ages compared with controls. Most importantly, non-linear age- and genotype-dependent behavioral signatures were found in long-lived animals, suggesting crosstalk between chronological and biological/behavioral ages useful to study underlying mechanisms and distinct compensations through physiological and AD-associated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-581-23-78
| | - Daniela Marin-Pardo
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Marazuela
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), E-08035 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (M.H.-G.)
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16
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Feng T, Yamashita T, Sasaki R, Tadokoro K, Matsumoto N, Hishikawa N, Abe K. Protective effects of edaravone on white matter pathology in a novel mouse model of Alzheimer's disease with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1437-1448. [PMID: 33106078 PMCID: PMC8142121 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20968927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
White matter lesions (WMLs) caused by cerebral chronic hypoperfusion (CCH) may contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic approaches have yet to be totally identified. In the present study, we investigated a potential therapeutic effect of the free radical scavenger edaravone (EDA) on WMLs in our previously reported novel mouse model of AD (APP23) plus CCH with motor and cognitive deficits. Relative to AD with CCH mice at 12 months (M) of age, EDA strongly improved CCH-induced WMLs in the corpus callosum of APP23 mice at 12 M by improving the disruption of white matter integrity, enhancing the proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, attenuating endothelium/astrocyte unit dysfunction, and reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The present study demonstrates that the long-term administration of EDA may provide a promising therapeutic approach for WMLs in AD plus CCH disease with cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Feng
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryo Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koh Tadokoro
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Namiko Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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17
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Qian L, TCW J. Human iPSC-Based Modeling of Central Nerve System Disorders for Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1203. [PMID: 33530458 PMCID: PMC7865494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-throughput drug screen identifies potentially promising therapeutics for clinical trials. However, limitations that persist in current disease modeling with limited physiological relevancy of human patients skew drug responses, hamper translation of clinical efficacy, and contribute to high clinical attritions. The emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology revolutionizes the paradigm of drug discovery. In particular, iPSC-based three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering that appears as a promising vehicle of in vitro disease modeling provides more sophisticated tissue architectures and micro-environmental cues than a traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture. Here we discuss 3D based organoids/spheroids that construct the advanced modeling with evolved structural complexity, which propels drug discovery by exhibiting more human specific and diverse pathologies that are not perceived in 2D or animal models. We will then focus on various central nerve system (CNS) disease modeling using human iPSCs, leading to uncovering disease pathogenesis that guides the development of therapeutic strategies. Finally, we will address new opportunities of iPSC-assisted drug discovery with multi-disciplinary approaches from bioengineering to Omics technology. Despite technological challenges, iPSC-derived cytoarchitectures through interactions of diverse cell types mimic patients' CNS and serve as a platform for therapeutic development and personalized precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Ronald Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Julia TCW
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Ronald Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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18
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Tuo QZ, Zou JJ, Lei P. Rodent Models of Vascular Cognitive Impairment. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Xu X, Meng T, Wen Q, Tao M, Wang P, Zhong K, Shen Y. Dynamic changes in vascular size and density in transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17224-17234. [PMID: 32908022 PMCID: PMC7521516 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we used vessel size imaging to investigate the specific microvascular changes and most susceptible brain regions during AD progression in an amyloid precursor protein 23 (APP23) transgenic AD mouse model. Using 9.4 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the values of microvascular density (Density), mean vessel diameter (mVD), and vessel size index (VSI) were compared between APP23 and wild-type (WT) mice at 3, 6, 9, 14, and 20 months of age. Our results demonstrate that in 20-month old APP23 and WT mice, the Density values were significantly decreased, while the vascular dilatation and diameter had increased. However, a transient increase in the cortex Density at 14-months was observed in APP23 mice. Additionally, our results suggest that the hippocampus is the susceptible brain region affected by the abnormal microvascular angiogenesis during the early stages of AD. Together, our findings indicate that vessel size imaging using MRI can provide novel biomarkers for the early detection of AD, and for monitoring the effects of vascular-targeted therapeutics in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Xu
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, First University Affiliated Hospital, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Material Science National Laboratory at Microscale, CAS-Key Laboratory of Brain Functions and Brain Disorders, Center for Excellent in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Hefei, China,Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Meng
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengling Tao
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China,Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Hefei, China,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, First University Affiliated Hospital, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Material Science National Laboratory at Microscale, CAS-Key Laboratory of Brain Functions and Brain Disorders, Center for Excellent in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Hefei, China
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20
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Vegeto E, Villa A, Della Torre S, Crippa V, Rusmini P, Cristofani R, Galbiati M, Maggi A, Poletti A. The Role of Sex and Sex Hormones in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5572525. [PMID: 31544208 PMCID: PMC7156855 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a wide class of disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) with unknown etiology. Several factors were hypothesized to be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases, including genetic and environmental factors. Many of these diseases show a sex prevalence and sex steroids were shown to have a role in the progression of specific forms of neurodegeneration. Estrogens were reported to be neuroprotective through their action on cognate nuclear and membrane receptors, while adverse effects of male hormones have been described on neuronal cells, although some data also suggest neuroprotective activities. The response of the CNS to sex steroids is a complex and integrated process that depends on (i) the type and amount of the cognate steroid receptor and (ii) the target cell type-either neurons, glia, or microglia. Moreover, the levels of sex steroids in the CNS fluctuate due to gonadal activities and to local metabolism and synthesis. Importantly, biochemical processes involved in the pathogenesis of NDs are increasingly being recognized as different between the two sexes and as influenced by sex steroids. The aim of this review is to present current state-of-the-art understanding on the potential role of sex steroids and their receptors on the onset and progression of major neurodegenerative disorders, namely, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the peculiar motoneuron disease spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, in which hormonal therapy is potentially useful as disease modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Vegeto
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DiSFarm), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Villa
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute (DiSS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Della Torre
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DiSFarm), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Eccellenza di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Eccellenza di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Eccellenza di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Eccellenza di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Adriana Maggi
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DiSFarm), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Eccellenza di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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21
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Eede P, Obst J, Benke E, Yvon-Durocher G, Richard BC, Gimber N, Schmoranzer J, Böddrich A, Wanker EE, Prokop S, Heppner FL. Interleukin-12/23 deficiency differentially affects pathology in male and female Alzheimer's disease-like mice. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48530. [PMID: 32003148 PMCID: PMC7054677 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological aggregation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) is a main hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent genetic association studies have linked innate immune system actions to AD development, and current evidence suggests profound gender differences in AD pathogenesis. Here, we characterise gender‐specific pathologies in the APP23 AD‐like mouse model and find that female mice show stronger amyloidosis and astrogliosis compared with male mice. We tested the gender‐specific effect of lack of IL12p40, the shared subunit of interleukin (IL)‐12 and IL‐23, that we previously reported to ameliorate pathology in APPPS1 mice. IL12p40 deficiency gender specifically reduces Aβ plaque burden in male APP23 mice, while in female mice, a significant reduction in soluble Aβ1–40 without changes in Aβ plaque burden is seen. Similarly, plasma and brain cytokine levels are altered differently in female versus male APP23 mice lacking IL12p40, while glial properties are unchanged. These data corroborate the therapeutic potential of targeting IL‐12/IL‐23 signalling in AD, but also highlight the importance of gender considerations when studying the role of the immune system and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Eede
- Department of Neuropathology, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Obst
- Department of Neuropathology, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eileen Benke
- Department of Neuropathology, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Genevieve Yvon-Durocher
- Department of Neuropathology, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard C Richard
- Department of Neuropathology, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niclas Gimber
- Advanced Medical Bioimaging Core Facility (AMBIO), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Schmoranzer
- Advanced Medical Bioimaging Core Facility (AMBIO), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annett Böddrich
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erich E Wanker
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Department of Neuropathology, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank L Heppner
- Department of Neuropathology, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence, NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Kelicen-Ugur P, Cincioğlu-Palabıyık M, Çelik H, Karahan H. Interactions of Aromatase and Seladin-1: A Neurosteroidogenic and Gender Perspective. Transl Neurosci 2019; 10:264-279. [PMID: 31737354 PMCID: PMC6843488 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2019-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatase and seladin-1 are enzymes that have major roles in estrogen synthesis and are important in both brain physiology and pathology. Aromatase is the key enzyme that catalyzes estrogen biosynthesis from androgen precursors and regulates the brain’s neurosteroidogenic activity. Seladin-1 is the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, the precursor of all hormones, from desmosterol. Studies indicated that seladin-1 is a downstream mediator of the neuroprotective activity of estrogen. Recently, we also showed that there is an interaction between aromatase and seladin-1 in the brain. Therefore, the expression of local brain aromatase and seladin-1 is important, as they produce neuroactive steroids in the brain for the protection of neuronal damage. Increasing steroid biosynthesis specifically in the central nervous system (CNS) without affecting peripheral hormone levels may be possible by manipulating brain-specific promoters of steroidogenic enzymes. This review emphasizes that local estrogen, rather than plasma estrogen, may be responsible for estrogens’ protective effects in the brain. Therefore, the roles of aromatase and seladin-1 and their interactions in neurodegenerative events such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), ischemia/reperfusion injury (stroke), and epilepsy are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Kelicen-Ugur
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Sıhhiye Ankara Turkey
| | - Mehtap Cincioğlu-Palabıyık
- Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency (TITCK), Department of Regulatory Affairs, Division of Pharmacological Assessment, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hande Çelik
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Sıhhiye Ankara Turkey
| | - Hande Karahan
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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23
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Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion alters amyloid-β transport related proteins in the cortical blood vessels of Alzheimer’s disease model mouse. Brain Res 2019; 1723:146379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Neumann U, Ufer M, Jacobson LH, Rouzade-Dominguez ML, Huledal G, Kolly C, Lüönd RM, Machauer R, Veenstra SJ, Hurth K, Rueeger H, Tintelnot-Blomley M, Staufenbiel M, Shimshek DR, Perrot L, Frieauff W, Dubost V, Schiller H, Vogg B, Beltz K, Avrameas A, Kretz S, Pezous N, Rondeau JM, Beckmann N, Hartmann A, Vormfelde S, David OJ, Galli B, Ramos R, Graf A, Lopez Lopez C. The BACE-1 inhibitor CNP520 for prevention trials in Alzheimer's disease. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201809316. [PMID: 30224383 PMCID: PMC6220303 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The beta‐site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme‐1 (BACE‐1) initiates the generation of amyloid‐β (Aβ), and the amyloid cascade leading to amyloid plaque deposition, neurodegeneration, and dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical failures of anti‐Aβ therapies in dementia stages suggest that treatment has to start in the early, asymptomatic disease states. The BACE‐1 inhibitor CNP520 has a selectivity, pharmacodynamics, and distribution profile suitable for AD prevention studies. CNP520 reduced brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ in rats and dogs, and Aβ plaque deposition in APP‐transgenic mice. Animal toxicology studies of CNP520 demonstrated sufficient safety margins, with no signs of hair depigmentation, retina degeneration, liver toxicity, or cardiovascular effects. In healthy adults ≥ 60 years old, treatment with CNP520 was safe and well tolerated and resulted in robust and dose‐dependent Aβ reduction in the cerebrospinal fluid. Thus, long‐term, pivotal studies with CNP520 have been initiated in the Generation Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Neumann
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mike Ufer
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura H Jacobson
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Gunilla Huledal
- PK Sciences, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carine Kolly
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer M Lüönd
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Machauer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Siem J Veenstra
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konstanze Hurth
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Rueeger
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Derya R Shimshek
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Perrot
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wilfried Frieauff
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Dubost
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hilmar Schiller
- PK Sciences, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Vogg
- PK Sciences, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen Beltz
- PK Sciences, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Avrameas
- Biomarker Discovery, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Kretz
- Biomarker Discovery, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Pezous
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Rondeau
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Musculoskeletal Diseases, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hartmann
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Vormfelde
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Bruno Galli
- Global Drug Development, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rita Ramos
- Global Drug Development, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana Graf
- Global Drug Development, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
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25
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de Retana SF, Marazuela P, Solé M, Colell G, Bonaterra A, Sánchez-Quesada JL, Montaner J, Maspoch D, Cano-Sarabia M, Hernández-Guillamon M. Peripheral administration of human recombinant ApoJ/clusterin modulates brain beta-amyloid levels in APP23 mice. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 11:42. [PMID: 31077261 PMCID: PMC6511153 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background ApoJ/clusterin is a multifunctional protein highly expressed in the brain. The implication of ApoJ in β-amyloid (Aβ) fibrillization and clearance in the context of Alzheimer’s disease has been widely studied, although the source and concentration of ApoJ that promotes or inhibits Aβ cerebral accumulation is not clear yet. ApoJ is abundant in plasma and approximately 20% can appear bound to HDL-particles. In this regard, the impact of plasmatic ApoJ and its lipidation status on cerebral β-amyloidosis is still not known. Hence, our main objective was to study the effect of a peripheral increase of free ApoJ or reconstituted HDL particles containing ApoJ in an experimental model of cerebral β-amyloidosis. Methods Fourteen-month-old APP23 transgenic mice were subjected to subchronic intravenous treatment with rHDL-rApoJ nanodiscs or free rApoJ for 1 month. Aβ concentration and distribution in the brain, as well as Aβ levels in plasma and CSF, were determined after treatments. Other features associated to AD pathology, such as neuronal loss and neuroinflammation, were also evaluated. Results Both ApoJ-based treatments prevented the Aβ accumulation in cerebral arteries and induced a decrease in total brain insoluble Aβ42 levels. The peripheral treatment with rApoJ also induced an increase in the Aβ40 levels in CSF, whereas the concentration remained unaltered in plasma. At all the endpoints studied, the lipidation of rApoJ did not enhance the protective properties of free rApoJ. The effects obtained after subchronic treatment with free rApoJ were accompanied by a reduction in hippocampal neuronal loss and an enhancement of the expression of a phagocytic marker in microglial cells surrounding Aβ deposits. Finally, despite the activation of this phagocytic phenotype, treatments did not induce a global neuroinflammatory status. In fact, free rApoJ treatment was able to reduce the levels of interleukin-17 (IL17) and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) chemokine in the brain. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that an increase in circulating human rApoJ induces a reduction of insoluble Aβ and CAA load in the brain of APP23 mice. Thus, our study suggests that peripheral interventions, based on treatments with multifunctional physiological chaperones, offer therapeutic opportunities to regulate the cerebral Aβ load. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-019-0498-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Fernández de Retana
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Marazuela
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Solé
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Colell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bonaterra
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Sánchez-Quesada
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Research Institute of the Hospital de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolism (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08100, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mary Cano-Sarabia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08100, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Hernández-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
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26
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Evaluating the applicability of mouse SINEs as an alternative normalization approach for RT-qPCR in brain tissue of the APP23 model for Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 320:128-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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27
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Neumann U, Machauer R, Shimshek DR. The β-secretase (BACE) inhibitor NB-360 in preclinical models: From amyloid-β reduction to downstream disease-relevant effects. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3435-3446. [PMID: 30657591 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of β-secretase 1 (BACE-1; also known as β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme-1) is a current approach to fight the amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, and a number of BACE-1 inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials. The BACE-1 inhibitor NB-360, although not a clinical compound, turned out to be a valuable pharmacological tool to investigate the effects of BACE-1 inhibition on the deposition of different Aβ species in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice. Furthermore, chronic animal studies with NB-360 revealed relationships between BACE-1 inhibition, Aβ deposition, and Aβ-related downstream effects on neuroinflammation, neuronal function, and markers of neurodegeneration. NB-360 effects on the processing of physiological BACE-1 substrates as well as on nonenzymatic BACE-1 functions have been investigated, complementing studies in BACE-1 knockout mice. Because NB-360 is also an inhibitor for BACE-2, nonclinical studies in adult animals revealed physiological effects of BACE-2 inhibition. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Neumann
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Machauer
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Derya R Shimshek
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
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28
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Medeiros ADM, Silva RH. Sex Differences in Alzheimer’s Disease: Where Do We Stand? J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:35-60. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André de Macêdo Medeiros
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Regina Helena Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Shepherd A, Zhang TD, Zeleznikow-Johnston AM, Hannan AJ, Burrows EL. Transgenic Mouse Models as Tools for Understanding How Increased Cognitive and Physical Stimulation Can Improve Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Plast 2018; 4:127-150. [PMID: 30564551 PMCID: PMC6296266 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-180076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline appears as a core feature of dementia, of which the most prevalent form, Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects more than 45 million people worldwide. There is no cure, and therapeutic options remain limited. A number of modifiable lifestyle factors have been identified that contribute to cognitive decline in dementia. Sedentary lifestyle has emerged as a major modifier and accordingly, boosting mental and physical activity may represent a method to prevent decline in dementia. Beneficial effects of increased physical activity on cognition have been reported in healthy adults, showing potential to harness exercise and cognitive stimulation as a therapy in dementia. 'Brain training' (cognitive stimulation) has also been investigated as an intervention protecting against cognitive decline with normal aging. Consequently, the utility of exercise regimes and/or cognitive stimulation to improve cognition in dementia in clinical populations has been a major area of study. However, these therapies are in their infancy and efficacy is unclear. Investigations utilising animal models, where dose and timing of treatment can be tightly controlled, have provided many mechanistic insights. Genetically engineered mouse models are powerful tools to investigate mechanisms underlying cognitive decline, and also how environmental manipulations can alter both cognitive outcomes and pathology. A myriad of effects following physical activity and housing in enriched environments have been reported in transgenic mice expressing Alzheimer's disease-associated mutations. In this review, we comprehensively evaluate all studies applying environmental enrichment and/or increased physical exercise to transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. It is unclear whether interventions must be applied before first onset of cognitive deficits to be effective. In order to determine the importance of timing of interventions, we specifically scrutinised studies exposing transgenic mice to exercise and environmental enrichment before and after first report of cognitive impairment. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these preclinical studies and suggest approaches for enhancing rigor and using mechanistic insights to inform future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Shepherd
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tracy D Zhang
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ariel M Zeleznikow-Johnston
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma L Burrows
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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30
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The amyloid precursor protein binds to β-catenin and modulates its cellular distribution. Neurosci Lett 2018; 685:190-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Congdon EE. Sex Differences in Autophagy Contribute to Female Vulnerability in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:372. [PMID: 29988365 PMCID: PMC6023994 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, with over 5. 4 million cases in the US alone (Alzheimer's Association, 2016). Clinically, AD is defined by the presence of plaques composed of Aβ and neurofibrillary pathology composed of the microtubule associated protein tau. Another key feature is the dysregulation of autophagy at key steps in the pathway. In AD, disrupted autophagy contributes to disease progression through the failure to clear pathological protein aggregates, insulin resistance, and its role in the synthesis of Aβ. Like many psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, the risk of developing AD, and disease course are dependent on the sex of the patient. One potential mechanism through which these differences occur, is the effects of sex hormones on autophagy. In women, the loss of hormones with menopause presents both a risk factor for developing AD, and an obvious example of where sex differences in AD can stem from. However, because AD pathology can begin decades before menopause, this does not provide the full answer. We propose that sex-based differences in autophagy regulation during the lifespan contribute to the increased risk of AD, and greater severity of pathology seen in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Congdon
- Neuroscience and Physiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York City, NY, United States
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32
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Shang J, Yamashita T, Zhai Y, Nakano Y, Morihara R, Li X, Tian F, Liu X, Huang Y, Shi X, Sato K, Takemoto M, Hishikawa N, Ohta Y, Abe K. Acceleration of NLRP3 inflammasome by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in Alzheimer's disease model mouse. Neurosci Res 2018; 143:61-70. [PMID: 29885344 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral neuroinflammation defines a novel pathway for progressing Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. We investigated immunohistological changes of neuroinflammation with nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-protein 3 (NLRP3), activated caspase-1 and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in a novel AD (APP23) mice with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) model from 4 months (M) of age, moreover, examined protective effect of galantamine. CCH strongly enhanced NLRP3, activated caspase-1 and IL-1β expressions in hippocampus and thalamus at age 12 M of AD mice. CCH also exaggerated amyloid-beta (Aβ) 40 depositions in cerebral cortex. Furthermore, CCH exacerbated a marked dissociation of neurovascular unit (NVU). These pathological changes were ameliorated by galantamine treatment. The present study demonstrated that CCH strongly enhanced primary AD pathology including neuroinflammation, Aβ accumulations and NVU dissociation in AD mice, which was greatly protected by an allosterically potentiating ligand galantamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Shang
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yun Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Xianghong Li
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Xiaowen Shi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mami Takemoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohta
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Ziegler-Waldkirch S, Marksteiner K, Stoll J, d´Errico P, Friesen M, Eiler D, Neudel L, Sturn V, Opper I, Datta M, Prinz M, Meyer-Luehmann M. Environmental enrichment reverses Aβ pathology during pregnancy in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:44. [PMID: 29855361 PMCID: PMC5984325 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest that women have a higher risk to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) than men. In particular, the number of pregnancies was shown to be a risk factor for AD and women with several pregnancies on average had an earlier onset of the disease, thus making childbearing a risk factor. However, the impact of being pregnant on Aβ plaque pathology and adult neurogenesis still remains elusive. Postmortem analysis revealed that pregnant 5xFAD transgenic mice had significantly more Aβ plaques in the hippocampus from G10 onwards and that the number of Ki67 and DCX positive cells dramatically decreased during the postpartum period. Furthermore, 5 months old 5xFAD transgenic mice that also nursed their offsprings for 4 weeks had a similar Aβ plaque load than merely pregnant mice, indicating that pregnancy alone is sufficient to elevate Aβ plaque levels. Interestingly, housing in an enriched environment reduced the Aβ plaque load and vivified neurogenesis. Our results suggest that pregnancy alters Aβ plaque deposition in 5xFAD transgenic mice and diminishes the generation of newborn neurons. We conclude that pregnancy alone is sufficient to induce this phenotype that can be reversed upon environmental enrichment.
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Innate immune memory in the brain shapes neurological disease hallmarks. Nature 2018; 556:332-338. [PMID: 29643512 PMCID: PMC6038912 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 581] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
‘Innate immune memory’ is a vital mechanism of myeloid cell
plasticity that occurs in response to environmental stimuli and alters
subsequent immune responses. Two types of immunological imprinting can be
distinguished, training and tolerance, which
are epigenetically mediated and enhance or suppress subsequent inflammation,
respectively. Whether immune memory occurs in tissue-resident macrophages
in vivo and how it may affect pathology remains largely
unknown. Here we demonstrate that peripherally applied inflammatory stimuli
induce acute immune training and tolerance in the brain and lead to differential
epigenetic reprogramming of brain-resident macrophages, microglia, that persists
for at least six months. Strikingly, in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s
pathology, immune training exacerbates cerebral β-amyloidosis while
tolerance alleviates it; similarly, peripheral immune stimulation modifies
pathological features after stroke. Our results identify immune memory in the
brain as an important modifier of neuropathology.
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Moriguchi S, Ishizuka T, Yabuki Y, Shioda N, Sasaki Y, Tagashira H, Yawo H, Yeh JZ, Sakagami H, Narahashi T, Fukunaga K. Blockade of the K ATP channel Kir6.2 by memantine represents a novel mechanism relevant to Alzheimer's disease therapy. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:211-221. [PMID: 27777420 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a novel target of the drug memantine, ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, potentially relevant to memory improvement. We confirmed that memantine antagonizes memory impairment in Alzheimer's model APP23 mice. Memantine increased CaMKII activity in the APP23 mouse hippocampus, and memantine-induced enhancement of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and CaMKII activity was totally abolished by treatment with pinacidil, a specific opener of KATP channels. Memantine also inhibited Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 KATP channels and elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in neuro2A cells overexpressing Kir6.1 or Kir6.2. Kir6.2 was preferentially expressed at postsynaptic regions of hippocampal neurons, whereas Kir6.1 was predominant in dendrites and cell bodies of pyramidal neurons. Finally, we confirmed that Kir6.2 mutant mice exhibit severe memory deficits and impaired hippocampal LTP, impairments that cannot be rescued by memantine administration. Altogether, our studies show that memantine modulates Kir6.2 activity, and that the Kir6.2 channel is a novel target for therapeutics to improve memory impairment in Alzheimer disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moriguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - T Ishizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Yabuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - N Shioda
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - H Tagashira
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - H Yawo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - J Z Yeh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - T Narahashi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Biella G, Fusco F, Nardo E, Bernocchi O, Colombo A, Lichtenthaler SF, Forloni G, Albani D. Sirtuin 2 Inhibition Improves Cognitive Performance and Acts on Amyloid-β Protein Precursor Processing in Two Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:1193-207. [PMID: 27372638 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are extracellular plaques built up by the accumulation of the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP)-derived peptide β (Aβ), and intracellular tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a member of the sirtuin family, featuring conserved enzymes with deacetylase activity and involved in several cell molecular pathways. We investigated the importance of SIRT2 inhibition in AD. We inhibited SIRT2 by small molecules (AGK-2, AK-7) and examined AβPP metabolism in H4-SW neuroglioma cells overexpressing AβPP and two AD transgenic mouse models (3xTg-AD and APP23). The in vitro studies suggested that the inhibition of SIRT2 reduced Aβ production; in vivo data showed an improvement of cognitive performance in the novel object recognition test, and an effect on AβPP proteolytic processing leading to a reduction of soluble β-AβPP and an increase of soluble α-AβPP protein. In 3xTg-AD mice, we noticed that total tau protein level rose. Overall, our pre-clinical data support a role for SIRT2 inhibition in the improvement of cognitive performance and the modulation of molecular mechanisms relevant for AD, thus deserving attention as possible therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Biella
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Fusco
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nardo
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavia Bernocchi
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Colombo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, and Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
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Rudobeck E, Bellone JA, Szücs A, Bonnick K, Mehrotra-Carter S, Badaut J, Nelson GA, Hartman RE, Vlkolinský R. Low-dose proton radiation effects in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease - Implications for space travel. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186168. [PMID: 29186131 PMCID: PMC5706673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Space radiation represents a significant health risk for astronauts. Ground-based animal studies indicate that space radiation affects neuronal functions such as excitability, synaptic transmission, and plasticity, and it may accelerate the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although protons represent the main constituent in the space radiation spectrum, their effects on AD-related pathology have not been tested. We irradiated 3 month-old APP/PSEN1 transgenic (TG) and wild type (WT) mice with protons (150 MeV; 0.1-1.0 Gy; whole body) and evaluated functional and biochemical hallmarks of AD. We performed behavioral tests in the water maze (WM) before irradiation and in the WM and Barnes maze at 3 and 6 months post-irradiation to evaluate spatial learning and memory. We also performed electrophysiological recordings in vitro in hippocampal slices prepared 6 and 9 months post-irradiation to evaluate excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity. Next, we evaluated amyloid β (Aβ) deposition in the contralateral hippocampus and adjacent cortex using immunohistochemistry. In cortical homogenates, we analyzed the levels of the presynaptic marker synaptophysin by Western blotting and measured pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL10 and CCL2) by bead-based multiplex assay. TG mice performed significantly worse than WT mice in the WM. Irradiation of TG mice did not affect their behavioral performance, but reduced the amplitudes of population spikes and inhibited paired-pulse facilitation in CA1 neurons. These electrophysiological alterations in the TG mice were qualitatively different from those observed in WT mice, in which irradiation increased excitability and synaptic efficacy. Irradiation increased Aβ deposition in the cortex of TG mice without affecting cytokine levels and increased synaptophysin expression in WT mice (but not in the TG mice). Although irradiation with protons increased Aβ deposition, the complex functional and biochemical results indicate that irradiation effects are not synergistic to AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Rudobeck
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - John A. Bellone
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Attila Szücs
- BioCircuits Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Kristine Bonnick
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Shalini Mehrotra-Carter
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Jerome Badaut
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Nelson
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Richard E. Hartman
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Roman Vlkolinský
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
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Grant DA, Serpa R, Moattari CR, Brown A, Greco T, Prins ML, Teng E. Repeat Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescent Rats Increases Subsequent β-Amyloid Pathogenesis. J Neurotrauma 2017; 35:94-104. [PMID: 28728464 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Single moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) may increase subsequent risk for neurodegenerative disease by facilitating β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition. However, the chronic effects on Aβ pathogenesis of repetitive mild TBIs (rTBI), which are common in adolescents and young adults, remain uncertain. We examined the effects of rTBI sustained during adolescence on subsequent deposition of Aβ pathology in a transgenic APP/PS1 rat model. Transgenic rats received sham or four individual mild TBIs (rTBIs) separated by either 24- or 72-h intervals at post-natal day 35 (before Aβ plaque deposition). Animals were euthanized at 12 months of age and underwent immunohistochemical analyses of Aβ plaque deposition. Significantly greater hippocampal Aβ plaque deposition was observed after rTBI separated by 24 h relative to rTBI separated by 72 h or sham injuries. These increases in hippocampal Aβ plaque load were driven by increases in both plaque number and size. Similar, though less-pronounced, effects were observed in extrahippocampal regions. Increases in Aβ plaque deposition were observed both ipsilaterally and contralaterally to the injury site and in both males and females. rTBIs sustained in adolescence can increase subsequent deposition of Aβ pathology, and these effects are critically dependent on interinjury interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daya A Grant
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA , Los Angeles, California.,3 Interdeparmental Program for Neuroscience, UCLA , Los Angeles, California
| | - Rebecka Serpa
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA , Los Angeles, California
| | - Cameron R Moattari
- 3 Interdeparmental Program for Neuroscience, UCLA , Los Angeles, California
| | - Ari Brown
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA , Los Angeles, California
| | - Tiffany Greco
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA , Los Angeles, California
| | - Mayumi L Prins
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA , Los Angeles, California
| | - Edmond Teng
- 2 Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA , Los Angeles, California.,4 Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System , Los Angeles, California
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López-Picón FR, Snellman A, Eskola O, Helin S, Solin O, Haaparanta-Solin M, Rinne JO. Neuroinflammation Appears Early on PET Imaging and Then Plateaus in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:509-515. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.197608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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40
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Animal models of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2469-2488. [PMID: 28963121 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), due to vascular amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, is a risk factor for intracerebral haemorrhage and dementia. CAA can occur in sporadic or rare hereditary forms, and is almost invariably associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experimental (animal) models are of great interest in studying mechanisms and potential treatments for CAA. Naturally occurring animal models of CAA exist, including cats, dogs and non-human primates, which can be used for longitudinal studies. However, due to ethical considerations and low throughput of these models, other animal models are more favourable for research. In the past two decades, a variety of transgenic mouse models expressing the human Aβ precursor protein (APP) has been developed. Many of these mouse models develop CAA in addition to senile plaques, whereas some of these models were generated specifically to study CAA. In addition, other animal models make use of a second stimulus, such as hypoperfusion or hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), to accelerate CAA. In this manuscript, we provide a comprehensive review of existing animal models for CAA, which can aid in understanding the pathophysiology of CAA and explore the response to potential therapies.
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Richetin K, Petsophonsakul P, Roybon L, Guiard BP, Rampon C. Differential alteration of hippocampal function and plasticity in females and males of the APPxPS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 57:220-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Marinescu M, Sun L, Fatar M, Neubauer A, Schad L, van Ryn J, Lehmann L, Veltkamp R. Cerebral Microbleeds in Murine Amyloid Angiopathy: Natural Course and Anticoagulant Effects. Stroke 2017; 48:2248-2254. [PMID: 28706123 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.017994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) predispose patients to intracerebral hemorrhage. Preclinical models to examine the effects of antithrombotic treatments on the development of clinically overt intracerebral hemorrhage are needed. We examined the natural course of CMB development and the effects of long-term anticoagulation with warfarin or dabigatran on cerebral micro- and macrohemorrhage in mice overexpressing the APP23 (amyloid precursor protein). METHODS Repeated susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed in APP23 mice at the age of 18 and 21 months, respectively. After establishing stable long-term anticoagulation effects of warfarin and dabigatran on number and total volume of CMBs, the outcome parameters were compared with nonanticoagulated control. RESULTS CMBs were equally located in lobar and deep brain regions, and number and total volume of CMBs increased over time. Anticoagulation with either warfarin or dabigatran did not increase CMBs in APP23 significantly. Mice treated with warfarin numerically had a higher mortality (nonanticoagulated: 31%; dabigatran: 35% versus warfarin: 55%; P=0.21). In postmortem brains of prematurely dying animals warfarin caused significantly more frequently large intracerebral hemorrhage than control and dabigatran. CONCLUSIONS Anticoagulation with warfarin or dabigatran for 3 to 4 months does not promote the formation of CMBs in aged APP23 mice. Nevertheless, warfarin but not dabigatran is associated with a higher risk of extensive intracerebral hemorrhage, suggesting that this model may allow preclinical safety evaluation of antithrombotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Marinescu
- From the Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.M., R.V.); Departments of Neurology (M.M., L.S., R.V.) and Cardiology (L.L.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim (M.F.), Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine (A.N., L.S.), University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; and Department of Cardiometabolic Research, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach, Germany (J.v.R.)
| | - Li Sun
- From the Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.M., R.V.); Departments of Neurology (M.M., L.S., R.V.) and Cardiology (L.L.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim (M.F.), Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine (A.N., L.S.), University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; and Department of Cardiometabolic Research, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach, Germany (J.v.R.)
| | - Marc Fatar
- From the Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.M., R.V.); Departments of Neurology (M.M., L.S., R.V.) and Cardiology (L.L.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim (M.F.), Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine (A.N., L.S.), University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; and Department of Cardiometabolic Research, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach, Germany (J.v.R.)
| | - Andreas Neubauer
- From the Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.M., R.V.); Departments of Neurology (M.M., L.S., R.V.) and Cardiology (L.L.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim (M.F.), Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine (A.N., L.S.), University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; and Department of Cardiometabolic Research, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach, Germany (J.v.R.)
| | - Lothar Schad
- From the Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.M., R.V.); Departments of Neurology (M.M., L.S., R.V.) and Cardiology (L.L.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim (M.F.), Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine (A.N., L.S.), University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; and Department of Cardiometabolic Research, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach, Germany (J.v.R.)
| | - Joanne van Ryn
- From the Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.M., R.V.); Departments of Neurology (M.M., L.S., R.V.) and Cardiology (L.L.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim (M.F.), Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine (A.N., L.S.), University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; and Department of Cardiometabolic Research, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach, Germany (J.v.R.)
| | - Lorenz Lehmann
- From the Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.M., R.V.); Departments of Neurology (M.M., L.S., R.V.) and Cardiology (L.L.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim (M.F.), Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine (A.N., L.S.), University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; and Department of Cardiometabolic Research, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach, Germany (J.v.R.)
| | - Roland Veltkamp
- From the Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.M., R.V.); Departments of Neurology (M.M., L.S., R.V.) and Cardiology (L.L.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim (M.F.), Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine (A.N., L.S.), University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; and Department of Cardiometabolic Research, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach, Germany (J.v.R.).
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Moriguchi S, Kita S, Yabuki Y, Inagaki R, Izumi H, Sasaki Y, Tagashira H, Horie K, Takeda J, Iwamoto T, Fukunaga K. Reduced CaM Kinase II and CaM Kinase IV Activities Underlie Cognitive Deficits in NCKX2 Heterozygous Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3889-3900. [PMID: 28547530 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Among five members of the K+-dependent Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCKX) family (NCKX1-5), only NCKX2 is highly expressed in mouse brain. NCKX2 in plasma membranes mediates cytosolic calcium excretion through electrogenic exchange of 4 Na+ for 1 Ca2+ and 1 K+. Here, we observed significantly decreased levels of NCKX2 protein and mRNA in the CA1 region of APP23 mice, a model of Alzheimer's disease. We also found that, like APP23 mice, heterozygous NCKX2-mutant mice exhibit mildly impaired hippocampal LTP and memory acquisition, the latter based on novel object recognition and passive avoidance tasks. When we addressed underlying mechanisms, we found that both CaMKII autophosphorylation and CaMKIV phosphorylation significantly decreased in CA1 regions of NCKX2+/- relative to control mice. Likewise, phosphorylation of GluA1 (Ser-831) and CREB (Ser-133), respective downstream targets of CaMKII and CaMKIV, also significantly decreased in the CA1 region. BDNF protein and mRNA levels significantly decreased in CA1 of NCKX2+/- relative to control mice. Finally, CaN activity increased in CA1 of NCKX2+/- mice. Our findings suggest that like APP23 mice, NCKX2+/- mice may exhibit impaired learning and hippocampal LTP due to decreased CaM kinase II and CaM kinase IV activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Moriguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Satomi Kita
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yabuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryo Inagaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hisanao Izumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tagashira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kyoji Horie
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Junji Takeda
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
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Applicability of [ 11C]PIB micro-PET imaging for in vivo follow-up of anti-amyloid treatment effects in APP23 mouse model. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 57:84-94. [PMID: 28605642 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the anti-amyloid effect of functionalized nanoliposomes (mApoE-PA-LIP) in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease with use of positron emission tomography and β-amyloid (Aβ)-targeted tracer [11C]Pittsburgh compound B ([11C]PIB). APP23 mice were injected with mApoE-PA-LIP or saline (3 times per week for 3 weeks) and [11C]PIB imaging was performed at baseline, after the treatment and after 3 months follow-up period, accompanied by Aβ immunohistochemistry and ELISA. After the treatment, [11C]PIB binding ratios between mApoE-PA-LIP and saline groups were equivalent in all analyzed brain regions; however, in the saline group, binding ratios increased from the baseline, whereas no increase was detected in the mApoE-PA-LIP group. During the additional follow-up, [11C]PIB binding increased significantly from baseline in both groups, and binding ratios correlated with the immunohistochemically defined Aβ load. This study further supports the use of [11C]PIB positron emission tomography imaging as a biomarker of Aβ deposition in APP23 mice and highlights the benefits of noninvasive follow-up, that is, using baseline data for animal stratification and normalization of treatment effects to baseline values, for future anti-amyloid treatment studies.
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Munder T, Pfeffer A, Schreyer S, Guo J, Braun J, Sack I, Steiner B, Klein C. MR elastography detection of early viscoelastic response of the murine hippocampus to amyloid β accumulation and neuronal cell loss due to Alzheimer's disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 47:105-114. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Munder
- Department of Neurology; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Anna Pfeffer
- Department of Neurology; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Stefanie Schreyer
- Department of Neurology; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Radiology; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Juergen Braun
- Institute for Medical Informatics; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Barbara Steiner
- Department of Neurology; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Charlotte Klein
- Department of Neurology; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Drummond E, Wisniewski T. Alzheimer's disease: experimental models and reality. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:155-175. [PMID: 28025715 PMCID: PMC5253109 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Experimental models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are critical to gaining a better understanding of pathogenesis and to assess the potential of novel therapeutic approaches. The most commonly used experimental animal models are transgenic mice that overexpress human genes associated with familial AD (FAD) that result in the formation of amyloid plaques. However, AD is defined by the presence and interplay of both amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangle pathology. The track record of success in AD clinical trials thus far has been very poor. In part, this high failure rate has been related to the premature translation of highly successful results in animal models that mirror only limited aspects of AD pathology to humans. A greater understanding of the strengths and weakness of each of the various models and the use of more than one model to evaluate potential therapies would help enhance the success of therapy translation from preclinical studies to patients. In this review, we summarize the pathological features and limitations of the major experimental models of AD, including transgenic mice, transgenic rats, various physiological models of sporadic AD and in vitro human cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Drummond
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, Alexandria ERSP, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, Alexandria ERSP, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Moriguchi S, Fukunaga K. [Memantine improves cognitive function via K ATP channel inhibition]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2017; 150:228-233. [PMID: 29118285 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.150.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Janssen L, Dubbelaar ML, Holtman IR, de Boer-Bergsma J, Eggen BJL, Boddeke HWGM, De Deyn PP, Van Dam D. Aging, microglia and cytoskeletal regulation are key factors in the pathological evolution of the APP23 mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:395-405. [PMID: 27838490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the key risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide is considered a critical neurotoxic agent in AD pathology. However, the connection between these factors is unclear. We aimed to provide an extensive characterization of the gene expression profiles of the amyloidosis APP23 model for AD and control mice and to evaluate the effect of aging on these profiles. We also correlated our findings to changes in soluble Aβ-levels and other pathological and symptomatic features of the model. We observed a clear biphasic expression profile. The first phase displayed a maturation profile, which resembled features found in young carriers of familial AD mutations. The second phase reflected aging processes and showed similarities to the progression of human AD pathology. During this phase, the model displayed a clear upregulation of microglial activation and lysosomal pathways and downregulation of neuron differentiation and axon guidance pathways. Interestingly, the changes in expression were all correlated to aging in general, but appeared more extensive/accelerated in APP23 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Janssen
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marissa L Dubbelaar
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical Physiology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge R Holtman
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical Physiology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelkje de Boer-Bergsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J L Eggen
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical Physiology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus W G M Boddeke
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical Physiology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, Groningen, The Netherlands; Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Debby Van Dam
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Nalivaeva NN, Turner AJ. AChE and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) – Cross-talk in Alzheimer's disease. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:301-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
Inflammatory activation of microglia is a hallmark of several disorders of the central nervous system. In addition to protecting the brain against inflammatory insults, microglia are neuroprotective and play a significant role in maintaining neuronal connectivity, but the prolongation of an inflammatory status may limit the beneficial functions of these immune cells. The finding that estrogen receptors are present in monocyte-derived cells and that estrogens prevent and control the inflammatory response raise the question of the role that this sex steroid plays in the manifestation and progression of pathologies that have a clear sex difference in prevalence, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. The present review aims to provide a critical review of the current literature on the actions of estrogen in microglia and on the involvement of estrogen receptors in the manifestation of selected neurological disorders. This current understanding highlights a research area that should be expanded to identify appropriate replacement therapies to slow the progression of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Villa
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vegeto
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Maggi
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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