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Teng H, Wu D, Lu L, Gao C, Wang H, Zhao Y, Wang L. Design and synthesis of 3,4-seco-lupane triterpene derivatives to resist myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction via the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115452. [PMID: 37688986 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, 86 new seco-lupane triterpenoid derivatives were designed, synthesized, and characterized, and their protective activities against ischemia-reperfusion injury were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that most target compounds could protect cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury in vitro, with compound 85 being the most active and exhibiting more potent protective activity than clinical first-line drugs. Furthermore, all thiophene derivatives exhibited stronger protective activity than furan, pyridine, and pyrazine derivatives, and the protective activity gradually increased with the extension of the alkyl chain and changed in the substituent. The data from the in-vitro and in-vivo experiments revealed that compound 85 protected mitochondria from damage by inhibiting excessive production of oxidative stressors, such as intracellular ROS, which in turn inhibited the apoptosis and necrotize of cardiomyocytes and reduced infarct size, thereby protecting normal cardiac function. It was associated with enhanced activation of the PI3K/AKT-mediated HIF-1α signaling pathway. Therefore, compound 85 acts as an oxidative stress inhibitor, blocks ROS production, protects mitochondria and cells from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, and represents an effective new drug for treating MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Teng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Luo Lu
- Drug Evaluation Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunyu Gao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haohao Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Liyan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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2
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Zhao Z, Dong R, You Q, Jiang Z. Medicinal Chemistry Insights into the Development of Small-Molecule Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Keap1-Nrf2) Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37441735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in a wide range of pathological conditions. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) exerts a central role in regulating the cellular defense system against oxidative and electrophilic insults. Nonelectrophilic inhibition of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and Nrf2 has become a promising approach to activate Nrf2. Recently, multiple drug discovery strategies have facilitated the development of small-molecule Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors with potent activity and favorable drug-like properties. In this Perspective, we summarize the latest progress of small-molecule Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors from medicinal chemistry insights and discuss future prospects and challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziquan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruitian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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3
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Ge J, Shelby SL, Wang Y, Morse PD, Coffey K, Li J, Geng T, Huang Y. Cardioprotective properties of quercetin in fescue toxicosis-induced cardiotoxicity via heart-gut axis in lambs (Ovis Aries). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131843. [PMID: 37379607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether quercetin mitigated fescue toxicosis-induced cardiovascular injury via the heart-gut axis. Twenty-four commercial Dorper lambs were stratified by body weight and assigned randomly to diets in one of four groups: endophyte-free without quercetin (E-,Q-), endophyte-positive without quercetin (E+,Q-), endophyte-positive plus 4 g/kg quercetin (E+,Q+) or endophyte-free plus 4 g/kg quercetin (E-,Q+) for 42 days. Body weight and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of lambs fed the endophyte-positive diets showed significant decreases. However, in the groups treated with quercetin, there were significant alterations of cardiac enzymes. Furthermore, reduced fescue toxicosis-induced histopathological lesions of heart and aorta were demonstrated in the E+,Q+ lambs. Results also suggested quercetin eased cardiovascular oxidative injury by inhibiting the increase of oxidative metabolites, and enhancing the levels of antioxidases. Quercetin reduced the inflammation response through suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway activation. Additionally, quercetin ameliorated fescue toxicosis-induced mitochondria dysfunction and improved mitochondrial quality control through enhancing PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis, maintaining the mitochondrial dynamics, and relieving aberrant Parkin/PINK-mediated mitophagy. Quercetin enhanced gastrointestinal microbial alpha and beta diversity, alleviated gut microbiota and microbiome derived metabolites-SCFAs dysbiosis by fescue toxicosis. These findings signified that quercetin may play a cardio-protective role via regulating the heart-gut microbiome axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Sarah Layne Shelby
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Palika Dias Morse
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Ken Coffey
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Jinlong Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Tuoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States.
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4
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Al-Biltagi M, El Amrousy D, El Ashry H, Maher S, Mohammed MA, Hasan S. Effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet in children and adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome. World J Clin Pediatr 2022; 11:330-340. [PMID: 36052114 PMCID: PMC9331406 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i4.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder in children and adults, which increased over the past twenty years. The Mediterranean diet is a well-known diet full of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory ingredients.
AIM To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on disease patterns in children and adolescents with IBS.
METHODS This prospective, cross-sectional case-controlled study included 100 consecutive IBS patients diagnosed according to Rome IV criteria, aged 12-18 years. Patients were subdivided into two groups (50 patients each); Group I received a Mediterranean diet, and Group II on their regular diet for six months. Besides IBS scores (IBS-SSS, IBS-QoL, and total score), different clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated at the start and end of the study.
RESULTS The Mediterranean diet was safe and well-tolerated in IBS patients. IBS children and adolescents with good adherence to the Mediterranean diet (KIDMED Score ≥ 8 points); group I showed significant improvement in IBS scores. IBS-SSS in the Mediterranean diet group was 237.2 ± 65 at the beginning of the study and decreased to 163.2 ± 33.8 at the end of the study (P < 0.001). It did not show a significant improvement in the group with a regular diet (248.3 ± 71.1 at the beginning of the study compared to 228.5 ± 54.3 at the study end with P < 0.05). The mean IBS-SSS in the Mediterranean diet group significantly improved compared with the group with a regular diet. Mean IBS-QoL in group I improved from 57.3 ± 12.9 at the start of the study to 72.4 ± 11.2 at the study end (P < 0.001) and significantly improved when compared to its level in group II at the study end (59.2 ± 12.7 with P < 0.001), while group II showed no significant improvement in IBS-QoL at the study end when compared to the beginning of the study (59.2 ± 11.7 with P >0.05). The mean total IBS score in group I became 28.8 ± 11.2 at the end of our study compared to 24.1 ± 10.4 at the start (P < 0.05) and significantly improved when compared to its level in group II at the end of the study (22.1 ± 12.5 with P < 0.05), while in group II, non-significant improvement in the total score at the end of our study compared to its mean level at the start of the study (22.8 ± 13.5 with P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION The Mediterranean diet was safe and associated with significant improvement in IBS scores in children and adolescent patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Biltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Al Gharbia, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Doaa El Amrousy
- Department of Pediatrics, Tanta University, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta 31527, Alghrabia, Egypt
| | - Heba El Ashry
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Alghrabia, Egypt
| | - Sara Maher
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo 12411, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Mohammed
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Samir Hasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tanta University, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta 31527, Alghrabia, Egypt
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El Amrousy D, Elashry H, Salamah A, Maher S, Abd-Elsalam SM, Hasan S. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Improved Clinical Scores and Inflammatory Markers in Children with Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Randomized Trial. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2075-2086. [PMID: 35411169 PMCID: PMC8994055 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s349502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa El Amrousy
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Heba Elashry
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abeer Salamah
- Pediatric Department, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt
| | - Sara Maher
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherief M Abd-Elsalam
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Correspondence: Sherief M Abd-Elsalam, Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El-Giash Street, Tanta, 31527, Egypt, Tel +2-01147773440, Email
| | - Samir Hasan
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Wang M, Zhao J, Wu L, Ma T. Effects of 4-epianhydrotetracycline on oxidative stress in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:149047. [PMID: 34280629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
4-Epianhydrotetracycline (4-EATC) is a major intermediate product of tetracycline during its degradation progress in the natural environment, which is frequently detected in aquatic environments and poses a potential threat to aquatic organisms. In the present study, the ecotoxicity of 4-EATC have been studied from the perspective of oxidative stress by using zebrafish embryos. After 96 h exposure, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and protein carbonyl (PC) contents in zebrafish embryos in the lower-concentration 4-EATC treatment groups (1.25 mg/L and 2.50 mg/L) showed no significant differences compared with the negative control group. However, the total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased significantly. After exposed to the higher-concentration of 4-EATC (5.00, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/L) resulted in a significant increase in ROS levels, MDA concentrations and PC contents, in contrast, a significant decrease in SOD activities. The results indicate that exposure to high concentrations of 4-EATC (5.00, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/L) could disrupt the redox equilibrium in zebrafish embryos, leading to the occurrence of oxidative damage. Apoptosis of the embryonic cells could be induced by 4-EATC exposure at different concentration and the rate of apoptosis enhanced with the increase of 4-EATC concentration. The pericardium was the most frequent site of apoptosis. The present study points out that more attention should be paid to the potential ecological risks of antibiotic degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- College of Biology and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Taowu Ma
- College of Biology and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
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7
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Addis DR, Aggarwal S, Lazrak A, Jilling T, Matalon S. Halogen-Induced Chemical Injury to the Mammalian Cardiopulmonary Systems. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:272-291. [PMID: 34431415 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00004.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The halogens chlorine (Cl2) and bromine (Br2) are highly reactive oxidizing elements with widespread industrial applications and a history of development and use as chemical weapons. When inhaled, depending on the dose and duration of exposure, they cause acute and chronic injury to both the lungs and systemic organs that may result in the development of chronic changes (such as fibrosis) and death from cardiopulmonary failure. A number of conditions, such as viral infections, coexposure to other toxic gases, and pregnancy increase susceptibility to halogens significantly. Herein we review their danger to public health, their mechanisms of action, and the development of pharmacological agents that when administered post-exposure decrease morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R Addis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ahmed Lazrak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tamas Jilling
- Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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8
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Singh E, Matada GSP, Abbas N, Dhiwar PS, Ghara A, Das A. Management of COVID-19-induced cytokine storm by Keap1-Nrf2 system: a review. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1347-1355. [PMID: 34373972 PMCID: PMC8352144 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The natural pathway of antioxidant production is mediated through Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with Cap and collar homology [ECH]-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) system. Keap1 maintains a low level of Nrf2 by holding it in its protein complex. Also, Keap1 facilitates the degradation of Nrf2 by ubiquitination. In other words, Keap1 is a down-regulator of Nrf2. To boost the production of biological antioxidants, Keap1 has to be inhibited and Nrf2 has to be released. Liberated Nrf2 is in an unbound state, so it travels to the nucleus to stimulate the antioxidant response element (ARE) present on the antioxidant genes. AREs activate biosynthesis of biological antioxidants through genes responsible for the production of antioxidants. In some cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is an enormous release of cytokines. The antioxidant defense mechanism in the body helps in counteracting symptoms induced by the cytokine storm in COVID-19. So, boosting the production of antioxidants is highly desirable in such a condition. In this review article, we have compiled the role of Keap1-Nrf2 system in antioxidant production. We further propose its potential therapeutic use in managing cytokine storm in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya and BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560107, India
| | | | - Nahid Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya and BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560107, India
| | - Prasad Sanjay Dhiwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya and BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560107, India
| | - Abhishek Ghara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya and BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560107, India
| | - Arka Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya and BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560107, India
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9
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Sánchez-Calvo B, Cassina A, Mastrogiovanni M, Santos M, Trias E, Kelley EE, Rubbo H, Trostchansky A. Olive oil-derived nitro-fatty acids: protection of mitochondrial function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 94:108646. [PMID: 33838229 PMCID: PMC8197755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive liver fat deposition in the absence of significant alcohol intake. Since extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) reduces fat accumulation, we analyzed the involvement of nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FA) on the beneficial effects of EVOO consumption on NAFLD. Nitro-fatty acids formation was observed during digestion in mice supplemented with EVOO and nitrite. Mice fed with a high-fat diet (HF) presented lower plasma NO2-FA levels than normal chow, and circulating concentrations recovered when the HF diet was supplemented with 10% EVOO plus nitrite. Under NO2-FA formation conditions, liver hemoxygenase-1 expression significantly increased while decreased body weight and fat liver accumulation. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD while NO2-FA has been shown to protect from mitochondrial oxidative damage. Accordingly, an improvement of respiratory indexes was observed when mice were supplemented with both EVOO plus nitrite. Liver mitochondrial complexes II and V activities were greater in mice with EVOO supplementation and further improved in the presence of nitrite. Overall, our results strongly suggest a positive correlation between NO2-OA formation from EVOO and the observed improvement of mitochondrial function in NAFLD. The formation of NO2-FA can account for the health benefits associated with EVOO consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sánchez-Calvo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CENIBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Nutrición Básica, Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Cassina
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CENIBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CENIBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariela Santos
- Unidad de Reactivos y Biomodelos de Experimentación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, United States
| | - Homero Rubbo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CENIBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CENIBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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10
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Structure and Function of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes (MAMs) and Their Role in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4578809. [PMID: 34336092 PMCID: PMC8289621 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4578809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal function of suborganelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum often leads to abnormal function of cardiomyocytes or vascular endothelial cells and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) is involved in several important cellular functions. Increasing evidence shows that MAM is involved in the pathogenesis of CVD. MAM mediates multiple cellular processes, including calcium homeostasis regulation, lipid metabolism, unfolded protein response, ROS, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation, which are key risk factors for CVD. In this review, we discuss the structure of MAM and MAM-associated proteins, their role in CVD progression, and the potential use of MAM as the therapeutic targets for CVD treatment.
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11
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Zhang H, Zhang RH, Liao XM, Yang D, Wang YC, Zhao YL, Xu GB, Liu CH, Li YJ, Liao SG, Zhou M. Discovery of β-Carboline Derivatives as a Highly Potent Cardioprotectant against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9166-9181. [PMID: 34132541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Timely myocardial reperfusion salvages ischemic myocardium from infarction, whereas reperfusion itself induces cardiomyocyte death, which is called myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Herein, β-carboline derivative 17c was designed and synthesized with obvious myocardial protective activity for the first time. Pretreatment of 17c effectively protected the cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells from H2O2-induced lactate dehydrogenase leakage and restored the endogenous antioxidants, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Besides, 17c effectively protected the mitochondria through decreasing the reactive oxygen species overproduction and enhancing the mitochondrial membrane potential. As a result, 17c significantly reduced the necrosis of cardiomyocytes in H2O2-induced oxidative stress, which was more potent than polydatin. In MI/R injury rats, 17c pretreatment obviously increased the levels of SOD and GSH-Px and inhibited the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Through this way, the size of myocardial infarction was significantly reduced after MI/R injury in vivo, better than that of polydatin, suggesting that 17c is a promising cardioprotectant for the prevention of MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, , Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P. R. China.,Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ming Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, , Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, , Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Chan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, , Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Long Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, , Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Bo Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, , Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, , Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, , Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Gao Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, , Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, , Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
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12
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Trostchansky A, Wood I, Rubbo H. Regulation of arachidonic acid oxidation and metabolism by lipid electrophiles. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 152:106482. [PMID: 33007446 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a precursor of enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidized products such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and isoprostanes. These products may exert signaling or damaging roles during physiological and pathological conditions, some of them being markers of oxidative stress linked to inflammation. Recent data support the concept that cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) followed by cytosolic and microsomal dehydrogenases can convert AA to lipid-derived electrophiles (LDE). Lipid-derived electrophiles are fatty acid derivatives bearing an electron-withdrawing group that can react with nucleophiles at proteins, DNA, and small antioxidant molecules exerting potent signaling properties. This review aims to describe the formation, sources, and electrophilic anti-inflammatory actions of key mammalian LDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Irene Wood
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Homero Rubbo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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13
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Moreno Fernández-Ayala DJ, Navas P, López-Lluch G. Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction as a key factor in COVID-19 disease. Exp Gerontol 2020; 142:111147. [PMID: 33171276 PMCID: PMC7648491 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes a severe pneumonia (COVID-19) that affects essentially elderly people. In COVID-19, macrophage infiltration into the lung causes a rapid and intense cytokine storm leading finally to a multi-organ failure and death. Comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, lung and cardiovascular diseases, all of them age-associated diseases, increase the severity and lethality of COVID-19. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging and COVID-19 risk factors. Dysfunctional mitochondria is associated with defective immunological response to viral infections and chronic inflammation. This review discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with defective immune response in aging and different age-related diseases, and with many of the comorbidities associated with poor prognosis in the progression of COVID-19. We suggest here that chronic inflammation caused by mitochondrial dysfunction is responsible of the explosive release of inflammatory cytokines causing severe pneumonia, multi-organ failure and finally death in COVID-19 patients. Preventive treatments based on therapies improving mitochondrial turnover, dynamics and activity would be essential to protect against COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Moreno Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
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14
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Yang CN, Lin SK, Kok SH, Wang HW, Lee YL, Shun CT, Chi CW, Yang H, Hong CY. The possible role of sirtuin 5 in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1766-1774. [PMID: 33191606 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the relation between expression of sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) in osteoblastic cells and progression of apical periodontitis. The role of SIRT5 in hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and osteoblast apoptosis was also examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Progression of rat apical periodontitis was monitored by conventional radiography and microcomputed tomography. SIRT5 and oxidative stress biomarker 8-OHdG in bone-lining cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling was used to demonstrate apoptosis. In primary human osteoblasts cultured under hypoxia, Western blot was used to analyze SIRT5 expression and cleavage of pro-caspase 3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). SIRT5 was overexpressed through lentiviral technique. ROS formation and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were assessed by MitoSOX-Red and JC-1 fluorescence, respectively. Immunofluorescence microscope was used to evaluate mitochondrial release of cytochrome c. RESULTS In rat apical periodontitis, disease progression was accompanied by decreased expression of SIRT5, increased oxidative stress, and enhanced apoptosis in bone-lining cells. SIRT5 was suppressed in cultured osteoblasts under hypoxia. SIRT5 overexpression ameliorated hypoxia-enhanced ROS formation, mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome c leakage, activation of caspase-3, and PARP fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS SIRT5 is able to alleviate hypoxia-enhanced osteoblast apoptosis. SIRT5 augmentation may have therapeutic potential for apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ning Yang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sze-Kwan Lin
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sang-Heng Kok
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wei Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ling Lee
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Chi
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang Yang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Hong
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Stucki D, Stahl W. Carbon monoxide – beyond toxicity? Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:251-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Wang M, Scott SR, Koniaris LG, Zimmers TA. Pathological Responses of Cardiac Mitochondria to Burn Trauma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186655. [PMID: 32932869 PMCID: PMC7554938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment and care, burn trauma remains the fourth most common type of traumatic injury. Burn-induced cardiac failure is a key factor for patient mortality, especially during the initial post-burn period (the first 24 to 48 h). Mitochondria, among the most important subcellular organelles in cardiomyocytes, are a central player in determining the severity of myocardial damage. Defects in mitochondrial function and structure are involved in pathogenesis of numerous myocardial injuries and cardiovascular diseases. In this article, we comprehensively review the current findings on cardiac mitochondrial pathological changes and summarize burn-impaired mitochondrial respiration capacity and energy supply, induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, and increased cell death. The molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations are discussed, along with the possible influence of other biological variables. We hope this review will provide useful information to explore potential therapeutic approaches that target mitochondria for cardiac protection following burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijing Wang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (S.R.S.); (L.G.K.); (T.A.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Susan R. Scott
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (S.R.S.); (L.G.K.); (T.A.Z.)
| | - Leonidas G. Koniaris
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (S.R.S.); (L.G.K.); (T.A.Z.)
- Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianopolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Cachexia Research Innovation and Therapy, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Teresa A. Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (S.R.S.); (L.G.K.); (T.A.Z.)
- Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianopolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Cachexia Research Innovation and Therapy, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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17
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Damiano S, Sozio C, La Rosa G, Guida B, Faraonio R, Santillo M, Mondola P. Metabolism Regulation and Redox State: Insight into the Role of Superoxide Dismutase 1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186606. [PMID: 32927603 PMCID: PMC7554782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism and redox state are strictly linked; energy metabolism is a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that, in turn, regulate the flux of metabolic pathways. Moreover, to assure redox homeostasis, metabolic pathways and antioxidant systems are often coordinately regulated. Several findings show that superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) enzyme has effects that go beyond its superoxide dismutase activity and that its functions are not limited to the intracellular compartment. Indeed, SOD1 is secreted through unconventional secretory pathways, carries out paracrine functions and circulates in the blood bound to lipoproteins. Striking experimental evidence links SOD1 to the redox regulation of metabolism. Important clues are provided by the systemic effects on energy metabolism observed in mutant SOD1-mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The purpose of this review is to analyze in detail the involvement of SOD1 in redox regulation of metabolism, nutrient sensing, cholesterol metabolism and regulation of mitochondrial respiration. The scientific literature on the relationship between ALS, mutated SOD1 and metabolism will also be explored, in order to highlight the metabolic functions of SOD1 whose biological role still presents numerous unexplored aspects that deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Damiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.D.); (C.S.); (G.L.R.); (B.G.)
| | - Concetta Sozio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.D.); (C.S.); (G.L.R.); (B.G.)
| | - Giuliana La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.D.); (C.S.); (G.L.R.); (B.G.)
| | - Bruna Guida
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.D.); (C.S.); (G.L.R.); (B.G.)
| | - Raffaella Faraonio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mariarosaria Santillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.D.); (C.S.); (G.L.R.); (B.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (P.M.); Tel.: +39-081-746-3233 (M.S.); +39-081-746-3225 (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Mondola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.D.); (C.S.); (G.L.R.); (B.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (P.M.); Tel.: +39-081-746-3233 (M.S.); +39-081-746-3225 (P.M.)
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18
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Dias IHK, Milic I, Heiss C, Ademowo OS, Polidori MC, Devitt A, Griffiths HR. Inflammation, Lipid (Per)oxidation, and Redox Regulation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:166-190. [PMID: 31989835 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Inflammation increases during the aging process. It is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Mitochondrial macromolecules are critical targets of oxidative damage; they contribute to respiratory uncoupling with increased ROS production, redox stress, and a cycle of senescence, cytokine production, and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Targeting the formation or accumulation of oxidized biomolecules, particularly oxidized lipids, in immune cells and mitochondria could be beneficial for age-related inflammation and comorbidities. Recent Advances: Inflammation is central to age-related decline in health and exhibits a complex relationship with mitochondrial redox state and metabolic function. Improvements in mass spectrometric methods have led to the identification of families of oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs), cholesterols, and fatty acids that increase during inflammation and which modulate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), activator protein 1 (AP1), and NF-κB redox-sensitive transcription factor activity. Critical Issues: The kinetic and spatial resolution of the modified lipidome has profound and sometimes opposing effects on inflammation, promoting initiation at high concentration and resolution at low concentration of OxPLs. Future Directions: There is an emerging opportunity to prevent or delay age-related inflammation and vascular comorbidity through a resolving (oxy)lipidome that is dependent on improving mitochondrial quality control and restoring redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irundika H K Dias
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Milic
- Aston Research Center for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Heiss
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Opeyemi S Ademowo
- Aston Research Center for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Cristina Polidori
- Ageing Clinical Research, Department II of Internal Medicine and Cologne Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, and CECAD, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrew Devitt
- Aston Research Center for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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19
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Li S, Kuo HCD, Yin R, Wu R, Liu X, Wang L, Hudlikar R, Peter RM, Kong AN. Epigenetics/epigenomics of triterpenoids in cancer prevention and in health. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113890. [PMID: 32119837 PMCID: PMC7174132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are a powerful group of phytochemicals derived from plant foods and herbs. Many reports have shown that they possess chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects not only in cell lines and animal models but also in clinical trials. Because epigenetic changes could potentially occur in the early stages of carcinogenesis preceding genetic mutations, epigenetics are considered promising targets in early interventions against cancer using epigenetic bioactive substances. The biological properties of triterpenoids in cancer prevention and in health have multiple mechanisms, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, cell cycle regulation, as well as epigenetic/epigenomic regulation. In this review, we will discuss and summarize the latest advances in the study of the pharmacological effects of triterpenoids in cancer chemoprevention and in health, including the epigenetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hsiao-Chen Dina Kuo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lujing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rasika Hudlikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rebecca Mary Peter
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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20
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Minato H, Hisatome I, Kurata Y, Notsu T, Nakasone N, Ninomiya H, Hamada T, Tomomori T, Okamura A, Miake J, Tsuneto M, Shirayoshi Y, Endo R, Otsuki A, Okada F, Inagaki Y. Pretreatment with cilnidipine attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in HL-1 cardiomyocytes through enhanced NO production and action potential shortening. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:380-388. [PMID: 31942044 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury worsens in the absence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Cilnidipine, a Ca2+ channel blocker, has been reported to activate endothelial NOS (eNOS) and increases nitric oxide (NO) in vascular endothelial cells. We examined whether pretreatment with cilnidipine could attenuate cardiac cell deaths including apoptosis caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. HL-1 mouse atrial myocytes as well as H9c2 rat ventricular cells were exposed to H/R, and cell viability was evaluated by an autoanalyzer and flow cytometry; eNOS expression, NO production, and electrophysiological properties were also evaluated by western blotting, colorimetry, and patch clamping, respectively, in the absence and presence of cilnidipine. Cilnidipine enhanced phosphorylation of eNOS and NO production in a concentration-dependent manner, which was abolished by siRNAs against eNOS or an Hsp90 inhibitor, geldanamycin. Pretreatment with cilnidipine attenuated cell deaths including apoptosis during H/R; this effect was reproduced by an NO donor and a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. The NOS inhibitor L-NAME abolished the protective action of cilnidipine. Pretreatment with cilnidipine also attenuated H9c2 cell death during H/R. Additional cilnidipine treatment during H/R did not significantly enhance its protective action. There was no significant difference in the protective effect of cilnidipine under normal and high Ca2+ conditions. Action potential duration (APD) of HL-1 cells was shortened by cilnidipine, with this shortening augmented after H/R. L-NAME attenuated the APD shortening caused by cilnidipine. These findings indicate that cilnidipine enhances NO production, shortens APD in part by L-type Ca2+ channel block, and thereby prevents HL-1 cell deaths during H/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Minato
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0268, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Notsu
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Naoe Nakasone
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hamada
- Department of Community-Based Family Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Takuya Tomomori
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Akihiro Okamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Junichiro Miake
- Department of Pharmacology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Motokazu Tsuneto
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ryo Endo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Akihiro Otsuki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Futoshi Okada
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Inagaki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
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21
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Larosa V, Remacle C. Insights into the respiratory chain and oxidative stress. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171492. [PMID: 30201689 PMCID: PMC6167499 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive reduced oxygen molecules that result from aerobic metabolism. The common forms are the superoxide anion (O2∙-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and their derived forms, hydroxyl radical (HO∙) and hydroperoxyl radical (HOO∙). Their production sites in mitochondria are reviewed. Even though being highly toxic products, ROS seem important in transducing information from dysfunctional mitochondria. Evidences of signal transduction mediated by ROS in mitochondrial deficiency contexts are then presented in different organisms such as yeast, mammals or photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Larosa
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, UR InBios/Phytosystems, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Claire Remacle
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, UR InBios/Phytosystems, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
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22
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Nam J, Lee Y, Yang Y, Jeong S, Kim W, Yoo JW, Moon JO, Lee C, Chung HY, Kim MS, Jon S, Jung Y. Is it worth expending energy to convert biliverdin into bilirubin? Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:232-240. [PMID: 29898414 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bilirubin (BR) is generated by the reduction of biliverdin (BV), a metabolite that results from the catalytic degradation of heme by the isoforms of heme oxygenase (HO). BV is nontoxic and water-soluble but BR is potentially toxic and lipophilic. Therefore, a further metabolic step is required for BR before excretion is possible. The reductive conversion of BV to BR costs energy and is evolutionarily conserved in human physiology. There must be a compelling reason for this apparently nonsensical evolutionary conservation. In addition to the differences between BR and BV-such as water solubility, antioxidant activity, and participation as a receptor ligand-in the present study, we focused on the chemistry of the two metabolites with regard to an electrophilic functional group called a Michael reaction acceptor (MRA). Our data reveal that the BR reacts with thiol compounds forming adducts, whereas no reaction occurs with BV. Furthermore, the binding of biotin-tagged BR to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-a biological electrophile sensor-was prevented by pretreatment with BR or a thiol compound, but was not by pretreatment with BV. In cells, BR could bind to KEAP1 to release and activate nuclear factor-erythroid 2 (NF-E2) p45-related factor 2, a cytoprotective transcription factor, leading to the induction of HO-1. These findings may provide a physiological rationale for the energy-consuming conversion of BV to BR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Yonghyun Lee
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yejin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Seongkeun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Wooseong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Jeon-Ok Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Changyong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
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Sun R, Fu L, Liu K, Tian C, Yang Y, Tallman KA, Porter NA, Liebler DC, Yang J. Chemoproteomics Reveals Chemical Diversity and Dynamics of 4-Oxo-2-nonenal Modifications in Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1789-1800. [PMID: 28814509 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Oxo-2-nonenal (ONE) derived from lipid peroxidation modifies nucleophiles and transduces redox signaling by its reactions with proteins. However, the molecular interactions between ONE and complex proteomes and their dynamics in situ remain largely unknown. Here we describe a quantitative chemoproteomic analysis of protein adduction by ONE in cells, in which the cellular target profile of ONE is mimicked by its alkynyl surrogate. The analyses reveal four types of ONE-derived modifications in cells, including ketoamide and Schiff-base adducts to lysine, Michael adducts to cysteine, and a novel pyrrole adduct to cysteine. ONE-derived adducts co-localize and exhibit crosstalk with many histone marks and redox sensitive sites. All four types of modifications derived from ONE can be reversed site-specifically in cells. Taken together, our study provides much-needed mechanistic insights into the cellular signaling and potential toxicities associated with this important lipid derived electrophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.,§State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ling Fu
- §State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Keke Liu
- §State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Caiping Tian
- §State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yong Yang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Keri A Tallman
- ¶Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Ned A Porter
- ¶Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- ‖Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jing Yang
- §State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China;
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Zhuang C, Zhang W, Sheng C, Zhang W, Xing C, Miao Z. Chalcone: A Privileged Structure in Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7762-7810. [PMID: 28488435 PMCID: PMC6131713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 791] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Privileged structures have been widely used as an effective template in medicinal chemistry for drug discovery. Chalcone is a common simple scaffold found in many naturally occurring compounds. Many chalcone derivatives have also been prepared due to their convenient synthesis. These natural products and synthetic compounds have shown numerous interesting biological activities with clinical potentials against various diseases. This review aims to highlight the recent evidence of chalcone as a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Multiple aspects of chalcone will be summarized herein, including the isolation of novel chalcone derivatives, the development of new synthetic methodologies, the evaluation of their biological properties, and the exploration of the mechanisms of action as well as target identification. This review is expected to be a comprehensive, authoritative, and critical review of the chalcone template to the chemistry community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive,
Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Zhenyuan Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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25
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Mu F, Duan J, Bian H, Yin Y, Zhu Y, Wei G, Guan Y, Wang Y, Guo C, Wen A, Yang Y, Xi M. Cardioprotective effects and mechanism of Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae and Lignum Dalbergiae odoriferae on rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1759-1770. [PMID: 28656200 PMCID: PMC5562082 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae (SM) and Lignum Dalbergiae odoriferae (DO) are traditional Chinese medicinal herbs used to treat ischemic heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases; however, to the best of our knowledge, there are currently few studies regarding their effects. The present study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of SM and DO during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury in rats, and explore the molecular mechanisms that underlie their actions. In the present study, Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with SM, the aqueous extract of DO (DOA) and the volatile oil of DO (DOO), either as a monotherapy or in combination for 7 days. Subsequently, the rats were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 180 min of reperfusion. Traditional pharmacodynamic evaluation and metabonomics based on gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to identify the therapeutic effects of these traditional Chinese medicines. The results revealed that SM, DOA and DOO monotherapies ameliorated cardiac function, and this effect was strengthened further when used in combined therapies. Among the combined treatments, SM + DOO exhibited the greatest potential (P<0.05) to improve electrocardiogram results and heart rate, reduce the heart weight index and myocardial infarct size, and decrease the levels of creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase. In addition, metabonomics-based findings, including the principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis score plot of the metabolic state in rat serum, provided confirmation for the aforementioned results, verifying that SM + DOO exerted synergistic therapeutic efficacies to exhibit a greater effect on rats with MI/R injury when compared with the other pretreatment groups. Furthermore, the most effective duration of SM + DOO treatment was 30 min and the least effective duration was 180 min. Treatment with SM + DOO also significantly (P<0.01) reduced the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling-positive cells, tumor necrosis factor-α andinterleukin-6 expression, and malondialdehyde content, and increased the serum and tissue activity of superoxide dismutase. These results indicated that the combined effects of SM + DOO may be more effective compared with the single pretreatments against MI/R injury in rats. This effect may be achieved partly through anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, SM + DOO may be considered an effective and promising novel strategy for the prophylaxis and treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Haixu Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yanrong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guo Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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26
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Lo JY, Spatola BN, Curran SP. WDR23 regulates NRF2 independently of KEAP1. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006762. [PMID: 28453520 PMCID: PMC5428976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular adaptation to stress is essential to ensure organismal survival. NRF2/NFE2L2 is a key determinant of xenobiotic stress responses, and loss of negative regulation by the KEAP1-CUL3 proteasome system is implicated in several chemo- and radiation-resistant cancers. Advantageously using C. elegans alongside human cell culture models, we establish a new WDR23-DDB1-CUL4 regulatory axis for NRF2 activity that operates independently of the canonical KEAP1-CUL3 system. WDR23 binds the DIDLID sequence within the Neh2 domain of NRF2 to regulate its stability; this regulation is not dependent on the KEAP1-binding DLG or ETGE motifs. The C-terminal domain of WDR23 is highly conserved and involved in regulation of NRF2 by the DDB1-CUL4 complex. The addition of WDR23 increases cellular sensitivity to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs and suppresses NRF2 in KEAP1-negative cancer cell lines. Together, our results identify WDR23 as an alternative regulator of NRF2 proteostasis and uncover a cellular pathway that regulates NRF2 activity and capacity for cytoprotection independently of KEAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Y. Lo
- University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- University of Southern California, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Brett N. Spatola
- University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- University of Southern California, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sean P. Curran
- University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- University of Southern California, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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27
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Zhuang C, Wu Z, Xing C, Miao Z. Small molecules inhibiting Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interactions: a novel approach to activate Nrf2 function. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:286-294. [PMID: 30108745 PMCID: PMC6072482 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00500d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is well recognized to contribute to the cause of a wide range of diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, arteriosclerosis, and inflammation. The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway plays a critical regulatory role and can protect cells from oxidative stress through activating Nrf2 to induce its downstream phase II enzymes. Nrf2 activation through the covalent inactivation of Keap1 may cause unpredictable side effects. Non-covalent disruption of the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interactions is an alternative strategy for Nrf2 activation, potentially with reduced risk of toxicity. Efforts have been made in recent years to develop peptide- and small molecule-based Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors via different approaches, including high-throughput screening, target-based virtual screening, structure-based optimization, and fragment-based drug design. This review aims to highlight the recently discovered small-molecule inhibitors as well as their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Zhongli Wu
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , 1345 Center Dr. , Gainesville , FL 32610 , USA .
| | - Zhenyuan Miao
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , China .
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28
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Padilla MN, Mata-Pérez C, Melguizo M, Barroso JB. In vitro nitro-fatty acid release from Cys-NO 2-fatty acid adducts under nitro-oxidative conditions. Nitric Oxide 2016; 68:14-22. [PMID: 28030780 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Stress situations are characterized by a rise in reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species levels. Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs), or nitroalkenes, are produced by the interaction of RNS and unsaturated fatty acids, stored in cells, mostly as part of protein-adducted NO2-FAs, and are esterified in complex lipids. These molecules, which have been shown to play a pivotal role as anti-inflammatory and pro-survival players, have been widely characterized in animal systems. Recently, it has been reported that NO2-FAs play an important role in plant defense against several stress conditions. Furthermore, a significant increase in NO2-FA levels has been observed under various inflammatory and stressful conditions in both animal and plant systems. In this study, we describe the in vitro release of NO2-FAs from protein-adducts under nitro-oxidative stress conditions. The findings of this study highlight the ability of hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite, as representative ROS and RNS molecules induced under stress conditions, to oxidize cysteine-adducted NO2-FAs, which is followed by the release of free nitroalkenes. This release may be partly responsible for the increase in NO2-FA content observed under different stressful conditions in both animal and plant systems as well as the activation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties attributed to these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- María N Padilla
- Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Capilla Mata-Pérez
- Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Manuel Melguizo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain.
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29
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Chen CH, Joshi AU, Mochly-Rosen D. The Role of Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in Neuropathology and Neurodegeneration. ACTA NEUROLOGICA TAIWANICA 2016; 25(4):111-123. [PMID: 28382610 PMCID: PMC10618051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes-induced toxicity has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. Exposure to reactive aldehydes from (1) alcohol and food metabolism; (2) environmental pollutants, including car, factory exhausts, smog, pesticides, herbicides; (3) metabolism of neurotransmitters, amino acids and (4) lipid peroxidation of biological membrane from excessive ROS, all contribute to 'aldehydic load' that has been linked to the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, the α, β-unsaturated aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), DOPAL (MAO product of dopamine), malondialdehyde, acrolein and acetaldehyde, all readily form chemical adductions with proteins, DNA and lipids, thus causing neurotoxicity. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH 2) is a major aldehyde metabolizing enzyme that protects against deleterious aldehyde buildup in brain, a tissue that has a particularly high mitochondrial content. In this review, we highlight the deleterious effects of increased aldehydic load in the neuropathology of ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. We also discuss evidence for the association between ALDH2 deficiency, a common East Asianspecific mutation, and these neuropathologies. A novel class of small molecule aldehyde dehydrogenase activators (Aldas), represented by Alda-1, reduces neuronal cell death in models of ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Together, these data suggest that reducing aldeydic load by enhancing the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenases, such as ALDH2, represents as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5174 USA
| | - Amit U. Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5174 USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5174 USA
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30
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Li F, Zheng X, Fan X, Zhai K, Tan Y, Kou J, Yu B. YiQiFuMai Powder Injection Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Apoptosis Through AMPK Activation. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 19:495-508. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xianjie Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Zhai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yisha Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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31
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Zhang L, Deng S, Zhao S, Ai Y, Zhang L, Pan P, Su X, Tan H, Wu D. Intra-Peritoneal Administration of Mitochondrial DNA Provokes Acute Lung Injury and Systemic Inflammation via Toll-Like Receptor 9. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091425. [PMID: 27589725 PMCID: PMC5037704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of sepsis is complex. Mitochondrial dysfunction, which is responsible for energy metabolism, intrinsic apoptotic pathway, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammatory responses, is closely related with severe sepsis induced death. Mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) contain un-methylated cytosine phosphate guanine (CpG) motifs, which exhibit immune stimulatory capacities. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of mtDNA release on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung injury (ALI) and systemic inflammation. Following LPS injection, plasma mtDNA copies peak at 8 h. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, mtDNA in toll like receptor 4 knockout (TLR4 KO) mice were significantly decreased. MtDNA intra-peritoneal administration causes apparent ALI as demonstrated by increased lung injury score, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) total protein and wet/dry (W/D) ratio; mtDNA injection also directly provokes systemic inflammation, as demonstrated by increased IL-1β, IL-6, high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) level; while nuclear DNA (nDNA) could not induce apparent ALI and systemic inflammation. However, compared with WT mice, TLR4 KO could not protect from mtDNA induced ALI and systemic inflammation. Specific TLR9 inhibitor, ODN 2088 pretreatment can significantly attenuate mtDNA induced ALI and systemic inflammation, as demonstrated by improved lung injury score, decreased lung wet/dry ratio, BALF total protein concentration, and decreased systemic level of IL-1β, IL-6 and HMGB1. MtDNA administration activates the expression of p-P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in lung tissue and specific TLR9 inhibitor pretreatment can attenuate this activation. Thus, LPS-induced mtDNA release occurs in a TLR4-dependent manner, and mtDNA causes acute lung injury and systemic inflammation in a TLR9-dependent and TLR4-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemeng Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Songyun Deng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Shuangping Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Yuhang Ai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicines, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Xiaoli Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicines, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Hongyi Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicines, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Dongdong Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicines, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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32
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Griendling KK, Touyz RM, Zweier JL, Dikalov S, Chilian W, Chen YR, Harrison DG, Bhatnagar A. Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species, Reactive Nitrogen Species, and Redox-Dependent Signaling in the Cardiovascular System: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res 2016; 119:e39-75. [PMID: 27418630 DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are biological molecules that play important roles in cardiovascular physiology and contribute to disease initiation, progression, and severity. Because of their ephemeral nature and rapid reactivity, these species are difficult to measure directly with high accuracy and precision. In this statement, we review current methods for measuring these species and the secondary products they generate and suggest approaches for measuring redox status, oxidative stress, and the production of individual reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. We discuss the strengths and limitations of different methods and the relative specificity and suitability of these methods for measuring the concentrations of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species in cells, tissues, and biological fluids. We provide specific guidelines, through expert opinion, for choosing reliable and reproducible assays for different experimental and clinical situations. These guidelines are intended to help investigators and clinical researchers avoid experimental error and ensure high-quality measurements of these important biological species.
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Leong PK, Wong HS, Chen J, Chan WM, Leung HY, Ko KM. Differential Action between Schisandrin A and Schisandrin B in Eliciting an Anti-Inflammatory Action: The Depletion of Reduced Glutathione and the Induction of an Antioxidant Response. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155879. [PMID: 27195753 PMCID: PMC4873034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Schisandrin A (Sch A) and schisandrin B (Sch B) are active components of Schisandrae Fructus. We compared the biochemical mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory action of Sch A and Sch B, using cultured lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and concanavalin (ConA)-stimulated mouse splenocytes. Pre-incubation with Sch A or Sch B produced an anti-inflammatory action in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, as evidenced by the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory c-Jun N-terminal kinases/p38 kinase/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway as well as the suppression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and effectors, with the extent of inhibition by Sch A being more pronounced. The greater activity of Sch A in anti-inflammatory response was associated with a greater decrease in cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) level and a greater increase in glutathione S-transferase activity than corresponding changes produced by Sch B. However, upon incubation, only Sch B resulted in the activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like factor 2 and the induction of a significant increase in the expression of thioredoxin (TRX) in RAW264.7 cells. The Sch B-induced increase in TRX expression was associated with the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and effectors in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Studies in a mouse model of inflammation (carrageenan-induced paw edema) indicated that while long-term treatment with either Sch A or Sch B suppressed the extent of paw edema, only acute treatment with Sch A produced a significant degree of inhibition on the inflammatory response. Although only Sch A decreased the cellular GSH level and suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell proliferation in ConA-simulated splenocytes in vitro, both Sch A and Sch B treatments, while not altering cellular GSH levels, suppressed ConA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation ex vivo. These results suggest that Sch A and Sch B may act differentially on activating GST/ depleting cellular GSH and inducing an antioxidant response involved in their anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pou Kuan Leong
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoi Shan Wong
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jihang Chen
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Man Chan
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoi Yan Leung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
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Interplay between oxidant species and energy metabolism. Redox Biol 2015; 8:28-42. [PMID: 26741399 PMCID: PMC4710798 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been recognized that energy metabolism is linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and critical enzymes allied to metabolic pathways can be affected by redox reactions. This interplay between energy metabolism and ROS becomes most apparent during the aging process and in the onset and progression of many age-related diseases (i.e. diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases). As such, the capacity to identify metabolic pathways involved in ROS formation, as well as specific targets and oxidative modifications is crucial to our understanding of the molecular basis of age-related diseases and for the design of novel therapeutic strategies. Herein we review oxidant formation associated with the cell's energetic metabolism, key antioxidants involved in ROS detoxification, and the principal targets of oxidant species in metabolic routes and discuss their relevance in cell signaling and age-related diseases. Energy metabolism is both a source and target of oxidant species. Reactive oxygen species are formed in redox reactions in catabolic pathways. Sensitive targets of oxidant species regulate the flux of metabolic pathways. Metabolic pathways and antioxidant systems are regulated coordinately.
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Mitochondrial ROS Induces Cardiac Inflammation via a Pathway through mtDNA Damage in a Pneumonia-Related Sepsis Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139416. [PMID: 26448624 PMCID: PMC4598156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that mitochondria-targeted vitamin E (Mito-Vit-E), a mtROS specific antioxidant, improves cardiac performance and attenuates inflammation in a pneumonia-related sepsis model. In this study, we applied the same approaches to decipher the signaling pathway(s) of mtROS-dependent cardiac inflammation after sepsis. Sepsis was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by intratracheal injection of S. pneumoniae. Mito-Vit-E, vitamin E or vehicle was administered 30 minutes later. In myocardium 24 hours post-inoculation, Mito-Vit-E, but not vitamin E, significantly protected mtDNA integrity and decreased mtDNA damage. Mito-Vit-E alleviated sepsis-induced reduction in mitochondria-localized DNA repair enzymes including DNA polymerase γ, AP endonuclease, 8-oxoguanine glycosylase, and uracil-DNA glycosylase. Mito-Vit-E dramatically improved metabolism and membrane integrity in mitochondria, suppressed leakage of mtDNA into the cytoplasm, inhibited up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) pathway factors MYD88 and RAGE, and limited RAGE interaction with its ligand TFAM in septic hearts. Mito-Vit-E also deactivated NF-κB and caspase 1, reduced expression of the essential inflammasome component ASC, and decreased inflammatory cytokine IL–1β. In vitro, both Mito-Vit-E and TLR9 inhibitor OND-I suppressed LPS-induced up-regulation in MYD88, RAGE, ASC, active caspase 1, and IL–1β in cardiomyocytes. Since free mtDNA escaped from damaged mitochondria function as a type of DAMPs to stimulate inflammation through TLR9, these data together suggest that sepsis-induced cardiac inflammation is mediated, at least partially, through mtDNA-TLR9-RAGE. At last, Mito-Vit-E reduced the circulation of myocardial injury marker troponin-I, diminished apoptosis and amended morphology in septic hearts, suggesting that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants are a potential cardioprotective approach for sepsis.
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Ishima Y, Narisoko T, Kragh-Hansen U, Kotani S, Nakajima M, Otagiri M, Maruyama T. Nitration of indoxyl sulfate facilitates its cytotoxicity in human renal proximal tubular cells via expression of heme oxygenase-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:481-7. [PMID: 26277392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite, the reaction product of superoxide [Formula: see text] and nitric oxide (NO), nitrates tyrosine residues, unsaturated fatty acids, cyclic guanosine monophosphate and other phenolics. We report herein that indoxyl sulfate (IS) is also nitrated by peroxynitrite in vitro and forms 2-nitro-IS, as determined from spectral characteristics and (1)H-NMR. IS is one of the very important uremic toxins that accelerate the progression of chronic kidney disease via various mechanisms. However, cell viability experiments with human proximal tubular cells show that the cytotoxicity of 2-nitro-IS is several-fold higher than that of IS. The explanation for this finding seems to be that 2-nitro-IS induces a much more pronounced generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) than IS. Results with inhibitors revealed that an organic anion transporter, several intracellular enzymes and nonprotein-bound iron ions are reasons for this finding. Most importantly, however, as detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting, 2-nitro-IS induces the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and thereby the formation of ROS; most probably through the Fenton reaction. The final result of the increased amounts of ROS is death of the kidney cells. Thus, nitration of uremic toxins by peroxynitrite may help us to understand the initiation and progress of chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ishima
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toru Narisoko
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | - Shunsuke Kotani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakajima
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; Drug Delivery System Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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Iwakiri Y, Kim MY. Nitric oxide in liver diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:524-36. [PMID: 26027855 PMCID: PMC4532625 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives play important roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of the liver. Despite its diverse and complicated roles, certain patterns of the effect of NO on the pathogenesis and progression of liver diseases are observed. In general, NO derived from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) is protective against disease development, while inducible NOS (iNOS)-derived NO contributes to pathological processes. This review addresses the roles of NO in the development of various liver diseases with a focus on recently published articles. We present here two recent advances in understanding NO-mediated signaling - nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FAs) and S-guanylation - and conclude with suggestions for future directions in NO-related studies on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Chen JR, Wei J, Wang LY, Zhu Y, Li L, Olunga MA, Gao XM, Fan GW. Cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury by QiShenYiQi Pill® via ameliorate of multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:3051-66. [PMID: 26109848 PMCID: PMC4474392 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s82146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim To investigate the potential cardioprotective effects of QiShenYiQi Pill® (QSYQ) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through antioxidative stress and mitochondrial protection. Methods and results Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated with QSYQ or saline for 7 days and subjected to ischemia (30 minutes occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery) and reperfusion (120 minutes). Cardiac functions were evaluated by echocardiogram and hemodynamics. Myocardial mitochondria were obtained to evaluate changes in mitochondrial structure and function, immediately after 120 minutes reperfusion. Pretreatment with QSYQ protected against I/R-induced myocardial structural injury and improved cardiac hemodynamics, as demonstrated by normalized serum creatine kinase and suppressed oxidative stress. Moreover, the impaired myocardial mitochondrial structure and function decreased level of ATP (accompanied by reduction of ATP5D and increase in the expression of cytochrome C). Myocardial fiber rupture, interstitial edema, and infiltrated leukocytes were all significantly ameliorated by pretreatment with QSYQ. Conclusion Pretreatment of QSYQ in Sprague Dawley rats improves ventricular function and energy metabolism and reduces oxidative stress via ameliorating multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions during I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Rui Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yan Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mary Akinyi Olunga
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan Wei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Nadtochiy SM, Madukwe J, Hagen F, Brookes PS. Mitochondrially targeted nitro-linoleate: a new tool for the study of cardioprotection. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2091-8. [PMID: 24102583 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury remains a significant clinical problem with limited treatment options available. We previously showed that cardioprotection against IR injury by nitro-fatty acids, such as nitro-linoleate (LNO2 ), involves covalent modification of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase 1 (ANT1). Thus, it was hypothesized that conjugation of LNO2 to the mitochondriotropic triphenylphosphonium (TPP(+) ) moiety would enhance its protective properties. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TPP(+) -LNO2 was synthesized from aminopropyl-TPP(+) and LNO2 , and characterized by direct infusion MS/MS. Its effects were assayed in primary cultures of cardiomyocytes from adult C57BL/6 mice and in mitochondria from these cells, exposed to simulated IR (SIR) conditions (oxygen and metabolite deprivation for 1h followed by normal conditions for 1h) by measuring viability by LDH release and exclusion of Trypan blue. Nitro-alkylated mitochondrial proteins were also measured by Western blots, using antibodies to TPP(+) . KEY RESULTS TPP(+) -LNO2 protected cardiomyocytes from SIR injury more potently than the parent compound LNO2 . In addition, TPP(+) -LNO2 modified mitochondrial proteins, including ANT1, in a manner sensitive to the mitochondrial uncoupler carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) and the ANT1 inhibitor carboxyatractyloside. Similar protein nitro-alkylation was obtained in cells and in isolated mitochondria, indicating the cell membrane was not a significant barrier to TPP(+) -LNO2 . CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Together, these results emphasize the importance of ANT1 as a target for the protective effects of LNO2 , and suggest that TPP(+) -conjugated electrophilic lipid compounds may yield novel tools for the investigation of cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy M Nadtochiy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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GUO XINHONG, CAO WENJIANG, YAO JIAMING, YUAN YONG, HONG YE, WANG XINCHUN, XING JIANGUO. Cardioprotective effects of tilianin in rat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2227-33. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lei Y, Wang K, Deng L, Chen Y, Nice EC, Huang C. Redox Regulation of Inflammation: Old Elements, a New Story. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:306-40. [PMID: 25171147 DOI: 10.1002/med.21330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 P.R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Longfei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Monash University; Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
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Rabinovitch M, Guignabert C, Humbert M, Nicolls MR. Inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circ Res 2014; 115:165-75. [PMID: 24951765 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 694] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes an expanding body of knowledge indicating that failure to resolve inflammation and altered immune processes underlie the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The chemokines and cytokines implicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension that could form a biomarker platform are discussed. Pre-clinical studies that provide the basis for dysregulated immunity in animal models of the disease are reviewed. In addition, we present therapies that target inflammatory/immune mechanisms that are currently enrolling patients, and discuss others in development. We show how genetic and metabolic abnormalities are inextricably linked to dysregulated immunity and adverse remodeling in the pulmonary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Rabinovitch
- From the Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.R.) and Department of Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson and Université Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre (C.G., M.H.); and AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, France (M.H.).
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- From the Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.R.) and Department of Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson and Université Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre (C.G., M.H.); and AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, France (M.H.)
| | - Marc Humbert
- From the Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.R.) and Department of Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson and Université Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre (C.G., M.H.); and AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, France (M.H.)
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- From the Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.R.) and Department of Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson and Université Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre (C.G., M.H.); and AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, France (M.H.)
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Ahn EH, Kim DW, Shin MJ, Jo HS, Eom SA, Kim DS, Park EY, Park JH, Cho SW, Park J, Eum WS, Son O, Hwang HS, Choi SY. Fenobam promoted the neuroprotective effect of PEP-1-FK506BP following oxidative stress by increasing its transduction efficiency. BMB Rep 2014; 46:561-6. [PMID: 24152913 PMCID: PMC4133844 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the ways in which fenobam could promote not only the transduction of PEP-1-FK506BP into cells and tissues but also the neuroprotective effect of PEP-1-FK506BP against ischemic damage. Fenobam strongly enhanced the protective effect of PEP-1-FK506BP against H2O2-induced toxicity and DNA fragmentation in C6 cells. In addition, combinational treatment of fenobam with PEP-1-FK506BP significantly inhibited the activation of Akt and MAPK induced by H2O2, compared to treatment with PEP-1-FK506BP alone. Interestingly, our results showed that fenobam significantly increased the transduction of PEP-1-FK506BP into both C6 cells and the hippocampus of gerbil brains. Subsequently, a transient ischemic gerbil model study demonstrated that fenobam pretreatment led to the increased neuroprotection of PEP-1-FK506BP in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Therefore, these results suggest that fenobam can be a useful agent to enhance the transduction of therapeutic PEP-1-fusion proteins into cells and tissues, thereby promoting their neuroprotective effects. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(11): 561-566]
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
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Awwad K, Steinbrink SD, Frömel T, Lill N, Isaak J, Häfner AK, Roos J, Hofmann B, Heide H, Geisslinger G, Steinhilber D, Freeman BA, Maier TJ, Fleming I. Electrophilic fatty acid species inhibit 5-lipoxygenase and attenuate sepsis-induced pulmonary inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2667-80. [PMID: 24206143 PMCID: PMC4026401 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The reaction of nitric oxide and nitrite-derived species with polyunsaturated fatty acids yields electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkene derivatives (NO2-FA), which display anti-inflammatory properties. Given that the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO, ALOX5) possesses critical nucleophilic amino acids, which are potentially sensitive to electrophilic modifications, we determined the consequences of NO2-FA on 5-LO activity in vitro and on 5-LO-mediated inflammation in vivo. RESULTS Stimulation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) with nitro-oleic (NO2-OA) or nitro-linoleic acid (NO2-LA) (but not the parent lipids) resulted in the concentration-dependent and irreversible inhibition of 5-LO activity. Similar effects were observed in cell lysates and using the recombinant human protein, indicating a direct reaction with 5-LO. NO2-FAs did not affect the activity of the platelet-type 12-LO (ALOX12) or 15-LO-1 (ALOX15) in intact cells or the recombinant protein. The NO2-FA-induced inhibition of 5-LO was attributed to the alkylation of Cys418, and the exchange of Cys418 to serine rendered 5-LO insensitive to NO2-FA. In vivo, the systemic administration of NO2-OA to mice decreased neutrophil and monocyte mobilization in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), attenuated the formation of the 5-LO product 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), and inhibited lung injury. The administration of NO2-OA to 5-LO knockout mice had no effect on LPS-induced neutrophil or monocyte mobilization as well as on lung injury. INNOVATION Prophylactic administration of NO2-OA to septic mice inhibits inflammation and promotes its resolution by interfering in 5-LO-mediated inflammatory processes. CONCLUSION NO2-FAs directly and irreversibly inhibit 5-LO and attenuate downstream acute inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khader Awwad
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Rochette L, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Diabetes, oxidative stress and therapeutic strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2709-29. [PMID: 24905298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes has emerged as a major threat to health worldwide. SCOPE OF REVIEW The exact mechanisms underlying the disease are unknown; however, there is growing evidence that excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), largely due to hyperglycemia, causes oxidative stress in a variety of tissues. Oxidative stress results from either an increase in free radical production, or a decrease in endogenous antioxidant defenses, or both. ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are products of cellular metabolism and are well recognized for their dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. In type 2 diabetic patients, oxidative stress is closely associated with chronic inflammation. Multiple signaling pathways contribute to the adverse effects of glucotoxicity on cellular functions. There are many endogenous factors (antioxidants, vitamins, antioxidant enzymes, metal ion chelators) that can serve as endogenous modulators of the production and action of ROS. Clinical trials that investigated the effect of antioxidant vitamins on the progression of diabetic complications gave negative or inconclusive results. This lack of efficacy might also result from the fact that they were administered at a time when irreversible alterations in the redox status are already under way. Another strategy to modulate oxidative stress is to exploit the pleiotropic properties of drugs directed primarily at other targets and thus acting as indirect antioxidants. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS It appears important to develop new compounds that target key vascular ROS producing enzymes and mimic endogenous antioxidants. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This strategy might prove clinically relevant in preventing the development and/or retarding the progression of diabetes associated with vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France.
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
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Abstract
Balancing inflammatory reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is essential for safely eliminating pathogenic microbes. The newly described protein Negative Regulator of ROS (NRROS) dampens ROS production by restricting NOX2 availability, and thus "cools-off" inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G Bonini
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA [2] Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA [3] Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Asrar B Malik
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA [2] Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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47
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Oeste CL, Pérez-Sala D. Modification of cysteine residues by cyclopentenone prostaglandins: interplay with redox regulation of protein function. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:110-125. [PMID: 23818260 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopentenone prostaglandins (cyPG) are endogenous lipid mediators involved in the resolution of inflammation and the regulation of cell proliferation and cellular redox status. Upon exogenous administration they have shown beneficial effects in models of inflammation and tissue injury, as well as potential antitumoral actions, which have raised a considerable interest in their study for the development of therapeutic tools. Due to their electrophilic nature, the best-known mechanism of action of these mediators is the covalent modification of proteins at cysteine residues through Michael addition. Identification of cyPG targets through proteomic approaches, including MS/MS analysis to pinpoint the modified residues, is proving critical to characterize their mechanisms of action. Among the targets of cyPG are proinflammatory transcription factors, proteins involved in cell defense, such as the regulator of the antioxidant response Keap1 and detoxifying enzymes like GST, and key signaling proteins like Ras proteins. Moreover, cyPG may interact with redox-active small molecules, such as glutathione and hydrogen sulfide. Much has been learned about cyPG in the past few years and this knowledge has also contributed to clarify both pharmacological actions and signaling mechanisms of these and other electrophilic lipids. Given the fact that many cyPG targets are involved in or are targets for redox regulation, there is a complex interplay with redox-induced modifications. Here we address the modification of protein cysteine residues by cyPG elucidated by proteomic studies, paying special attention to the interplay with redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara L Oeste
- Chemical and Physical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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48
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Barber RC, Maass DL, White DJ, Horton JW, Wolf SE, Minei JP, Zang QS. Deficiency in Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF-1) Expression Exacerbates Sepsis-induced Inflammation and Cardiac Dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 1. [PMID: 30701190 DOI: 10.15226/2376-4570/1/1/00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated whether absence of heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) and inability to increase myocardial expression of heat shock proteins alter septic responses of inflammatory cytokines and myocardial contractility. HSF-1 knockout (hsf -/-) mice and wild type litter mates underwent a sterile (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) or infectious (Streptococcus pneumoniae or Klebsiella pneumoniae) septic challenge. Production of cytokines, TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10, in the blood and from cardiomyocytes was exaggerated in the hsf -/- mice compared to responses measured in wild type mice given an identical septic challenge. This enhanced compartmentalized myocardial inflammation was associated with significantly decreased cardiac contraction and diminished relaxation in the hsf -/- mice. However, lacking HSF-1 expression did not affect intracellular calcium and sodium responses in cardiomyocytes isolated from septic challenged mice, suggesting that ion loading was not a major or sustaining cause of the greater myocardial contractile defects in hsf -/- mice. In conclusion, our data indicated that HSF-1 and downstream heat shock proteins are essential components to support cardiac function in sepsis. Further studies are warranted to further define the precise mechanisms of HSF-1 mediated cardiac protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Barber
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - David L Maass
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - D Jean White
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jureta W Horton
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Steven E Wolf
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph P Minei
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qun S Zang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Yao X, Wigginton JG, Maass DL, Ma L, Carlson D, Wolf SE, Minei JP, Zang QS. Estrogen-provided cardiac protection following burn trauma is mediated through a reduction in mitochondria-derived DAMPs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H882-94. [PMID: 24464748 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00475.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-derived danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) play important roles in sterile inflammation after acute injuries. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that 17β-estradiol protects the heart via suppressing myocardial mitochondrial DAMPs after burn injury using an animal model. Sprague-Dawley rats were given a third-degree scald burn comprising 40% total body surface area (TBSA). 17β-Estradiol, 0.5 mg/kg, or control vehicle was administered subcutaneously 15 min following burn. The heart was harvested 24 h postburn. Estradiol showed significant inhibition on the productivity of H2O2 and oxidation of lipid molecules in the mitochondria. Estradiol increased mitochondrial antioxidant defense via enhancing the activities and expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Estradiol also protected mitochondrial respiratory function and structural integrity. In parallel, estradiol remarkably decreased burn-induced release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into cytoplasm. Further, estradiol inhibited myocardial apoptosis, shown by its suppression on DNA laddering and downregulation of caspase 1 and caspase 3. Estradiol's anti-inflammatory effect was demonstrated by reduction in systemic and cardiac cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), decrease in NF-κB activation, and attenuation of the expression of inflammasome component ASC in the heart of burned rats. Estradiol-provided cardiac protection was shown by reduction in myocardial injury marker troponin-I, amendment of heart morphology, and improvement of cardiac contractility after burn injury. Together, these data suggest that postburn administration of 17β-estradiol protects the heart via an effective control over the generation of mitochondrial DAMPs (mtROS, cytochrome c, and mtDNA) that incite cardiac apoptosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yao
- Departments of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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50
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Dissection of mechanisms of a chinese medicinal formula: danhong injection therapy for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:972370. [PMID: 23840272 PMCID: PMC3686077 DOI: 10.1155/2013/972370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine uses a systemic treatment approach, targeting multiple etiological factors simultaneously. Danhong injection (DHI), a very popular Chinese medicine injection, is reported to be effective for many cardiovascular conditions. The primary active ingredients of DHI, and their systemic and interrelated mechanism have not been evaluated in an established myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) model. We identified the main active constituents in DHI, including hydroxysafflor yellow A (A), salvianolic acid B (B), and danshensu (C), by HPLC fingerprint analysis and assessed their effect on MI/R rats and cardiomyocytes. These 3 compounds and DHI all decreased the levels of IL-1, TNF-α, and MDA, increased those of IL-10 and SOD activity in vivo and in vitro, and had antiapoptotic effects, as shown by flow cytometric analysis and TUNEL assay. Moreover, these compounds increased phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 in cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, we found compound A exerted a more prominent anti-inflammatory effect than B and C, by decreasing NF-κB levels; compound B had more powerful antioxidative capacity than A and C, by increasing Nrf2 expression; compound C had stronger antiapoptotic ability than A and B, by lowering caspase-3 activity. Our results elucidate the mechanisms by which DHI protects against MI/R induced injury.
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