1
|
Huang ZQ, Liu J, Sun LY, Ong HH, Ye J, Xu Y, Wang DY. Updated epithelial barrier dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis: Targeting pathophysiology and treatment response of tight junctions. Allergy 2024; 79:1146-1165. [PMID: 38372149 DOI: 10.1111/all.16064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) proteins establish a physical barrier between epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by safeguarding host tissues against pathogens, allergens, antigens, irritants, etc. Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that abnormal expression of TJs plays an essential role in the development and progression of inflammatory airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyps. Among them, CRS with nasal polyps is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that affects the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, leading to a poor prognosis and significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Its pathogenesis primarily involves dysfunction of the nasal epithelial barrier, impaired mucociliary clearance, disordered immune response, and excessive tissue remodeling. Numerous studies have elucidated the pivotal role of TJs in both the pathogenesis and response to traditional therapies in CRS. We therefore to review and discuss potential factors contributing to impair and repair of TJs in the nasal epithelium based on their structure, function, and formation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu M, Nie Y, Yang J, Yang S, Li R, Rao V, Hu X, Fang C, Li S, Song D, Guo F, Snyder MP, Chang HY, Kuo CJ, Xu J, Chang J. Integrative multi-omic profiling of adult mouse brain endothelial cells and potential implications in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113392. [PMID: 37925638 PMCID: PMC10843806 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is primarily manifested by a variety of physiological properties of brain endothelial cells (ECs), but the molecular foundation for these properties remains incompletely clear. Here, we generate a comprehensive molecular atlas of adult brain ECs using acutely purified mouse ECs and integrated multi-omics. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and proteomics, we identify the transcripts and proteins selectively enriched in brain ECs and demonstrate that they are partially correlated. Using single-cell RNA-seq, we dissect the molecular basis of functional heterogeneity of brain ECs. Using integrative epigenomics and transcriptomics, we determine that TCF/LEF, SOX, and ETS families are top-ranked transcription factors regulating the BBB. We then validate the identified brain-EC-enriched proteins and transcription factors in normal mouse and human brain tissue and assess their expression changes in mice with Alzheimer's disease. Overall, we present a valuable resource with broad implications for regulation of the BBB and treatment of neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yage Nie
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilun Yang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Varsha Rao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Simeng Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dengpan Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuyou Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Junlei Chang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu G, Huang Y, Zhang L, Yan K, Qiu C, He Y, Liu Q, Zhu C, Morín M, Moreno‐Pelayo MÁ, Zhu M, Cao X, Zhou H, Qian X, Xu Z, Chen J, Gao X, Wan G. Cingulin regulates hair cell cuticular plate morphology and is required for hearing in human and mouse. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17611. [PMID: 37691516 PMCID: PMC10630877 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cingulin (CGN) is a cytoskeleton-associated protein localized at the apical junctions of epithelial cells. CGN interacts with major cytoskeletal filaments and regulates RhoA activity. However, physiological roles of CGN in development and human diseases are currently unknown. Here, we report a multi-generation family presenting with autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL) that co-segregates with a CGN heterozygous truncating variant, c.3330delG (p.Leu1110Leufs*17). CGN is normally expressed at the apical cell junctions of the organ of Corti, with enriched localization at hair cell cuticular plates and circumferential belts. In mice, the putative disease-causing mutation results in reduced expression and abnormal subcellular localization of the CGN protein, abolishes its actin polymerization activity, and impairs the normal morphology of hair cell cuticular plates and hair bundles. Hair cell-specific Cgn knockout leads to high-frequency hearing loss. Importantly, Cgn mutation knockin mice display noise-sensitive, progressive hearing loss and outer hair cell degeneration. In summary, we identify CGN c.3330delG as a pathogenic variant for ADNSHL and reveal essential roles of CGN in the maintenance of cochlear hair cell structures and auditory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang‐Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of ChinaNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjingChina
| | - Yuhang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of ChinaNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Linqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of ChinaNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Keji Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, School of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Cui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of ChinaNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yihan He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of ChinaNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of ChinaNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjingChina
| | - Chengwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of ChinaNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjingChina
| | - Matías Morín
- Servicio de GenéticaHospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCISMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades RarasInstituto de Salud Carlos III (CB06/07/0048; CIBERER‐ISCIII)MadridSpain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moreno‐Pelayo
- Servicio de GenéticaHospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCISMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades RarasInstituto de Salud Carlos III (CB06/07/0048; CIBERER‐ISCIII)MadridSpain
| | - Min‐Sheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of ChinaNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjingChina
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical ScienceNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Han Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjingChina
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjingChina
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, School of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjingChina
| | - Xia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjingChina
| | - Guoqiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of ChinaNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Du X, Liu Y, He X, Tao L, Fang M, Chu M. Uterus proliferative period ceRNA network of Yunshang black goat reveals candidate genes on different kidding number trait. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1165409. [PMID: 37251683 PMCID: PMC10213787 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1165409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy loss that occurs in the uterus is an important and widespread problem in humans and farm animals and is also a key factor affecting the fecundity of livestock. Understanding the differences in the fecundity of goats may be helpful in guiding the breeding of goats with high fecundity. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis to study the uterus of Yunshang black goats with high and low fecundity in the proliferative period. We identified mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) by analyzing the uterine transcriptomes. The target genes of the identified miRNAs and lncRNAs were predicted, and miRNA-mRNA interaction and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed. By comparisons between low- and high-fecundity groups, we identified 1,674 differentially expressed mRNAs (914 were upregulated, and 760 were downregulated), 288 differentially expressed lncRNAs (149 were upregulated, and 139 were downregulated), and 17 differentially expressed miRNAs (4 were upregulated, and 13 were downregulated). In addition, 49 miRNA-mRNA pairs and 45 miRNA-lncRNA pairs were predicted in the interaction networks. We successfully constructed a ceRNA interaction network with 108 edges that contained 19 miRNAs, 11 mRNAs, and 73 lncRNAs. Five candidate genes (PLEKHA7, FAT2, FN1, SYK, and ITPR2) that were annotated as cell adhesion or calcium membrane channel protein were identified. Our results provide the overall expression profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs in the goat uterus during the proliferative period and are a valuable reference for studies into the mechanisms associated with the high fecundity, which may be helpful to guide goat to reduce pregnancy loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) PRC Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meiying Fang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) PRC Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cingulin binds to the ZU5 domain of scaffolding protein ZO-1 to promote its extended conformation, stabilization, and tight junction accumulation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101797. [PMID: 35259394 PMCID: PMC9010756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), the major scaffolding protein of tight junctions (TJs), recruits the cytoskeleton-associated proteins cingulin (CGN) and paracingulin (CGNL1) to TJs by binding to their N-terminal ZO-1 interaction motif. The conformation of ZO-1 can be either folded or extended, depending on cytoskeletal tension and intramolecular and intermolecular interactions, and only ZO-1 in the extended conformation recruits the transcription factor DbpA to TJs. However, the sequences of ZO-1 that interact with CGN and CGNL1 and the role of TJ proteins in ZO-1 TJ assembly are not known. Here, we used glutathione-S-transferase pulldowns and immunofluorescence microscopy to show that CGN and CGNL1 bind to the C-terminal ZU5 domain of ZO-1 and that this domain is required for CGN and CGNL1 recruitment to TJs and to phase-separated ZO-1 condensates in cells. We show that KO of CGN, but not CGNL1, results in decreased accumulation of ZO-1 at TJs. Furthermore, ZO-1 lacking the ZU5 domain showed decreased accumulation at TJs, was detectable along lateral contacts, had a higher mobile fraction than full-length ZO-1 by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis, and had a folded conformation, as determined by structured illumination microscopy of its N-terminal and C-terminal ends. The CGN–ZU5 interaction promotes the extended conformation of ZO-1, since binding of the CGN–ZO-1 interaction motif region to ZO-1 resulted in its interaction with DbpA in cells and in vitro. Together, these results show that binding of CGN to the ZU5 domain of ZO-1 promotes ZO-1 stabilization and accumulation at TJs by promoting its extended conformation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mohammed SA, Kimura Y, Toku Y, Ju Y. Bioengineered PLEKHA7 nanodelivery regularly induces behavior alteration and growth retardation of acute myeloid leukemia. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2022; 6:100045. [PMID: 36824159 PMCID: PMC9934477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2022.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most lethal leukemia with an extremely poor prognosis and high relapse rates. In leukemogenesis, adhesion abnormalities can readily guide an imbalance between hematopoietic progenitor cells and bone marrow stromal cells, altering the normal hematopoietic bone marrow microenvironment into leukemic transformation that enhances leukemic proliferation. Here, we have firstly studied the PLEKHA7 expression in leukemic cells to assess their growth capability affected by the restoration of PLEKHA7 in the cells. The efficacy of PLEKHA7-loaded cRGD-mediated PEGylated cationic lipid nanoparticles for efficient PLEKHA7 delivery in leukemic cells as well as the effect of PLEKHA7 on the regulated induction of AML behavior and growth alterations were investigated. PLEKHA7 re-expression diminished colony-forming ability and reinforced the incidence of growth retardation without apoptosis in AML cell lines. PLEKHA7 regulated the restoration of cell surface adhesion and integrity during normal homeostasis. Our findings revealed that PLEKHA7 functions as a behavior and growth modulator in AML. To our knowledge, the role of PLEKHA7 in AML had not been studied previously and our data could be exploited for further mechanistic studies and insights into altering human AML behavior and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameh A. Mohammed
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Yasuhiro Kimura
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuhki Toku
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan,Corresponding author at: Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jeung HC, Puentes R, Aleshin A, Indarte M, Correa RG, Bankston LA, Layng FIAL, Ahmed Z, Wistuba I, Yao Y, Duenas DG, Zhang S, Meuillet EJ, Marassi F, Liddington RC, Kirkpatrick L, Powis G. PLEKHA7 signaling is necessary for the growth of mutant KRAS driven colorectal cancer. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112930. [PMID: 34800542 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Plekha7 (Pleckstrin homology [PH] domain containing, family A member 7) regulates the assembly of proteins of the cytoplasmic apical zonula adherens junction (AJ), thus ensuring cell-cell adhesion and tight-junction barrier integrity. Little is known of Plekha7 function in cancer. In colorectal cancer (CRC) Plekha7 expression is elevated compared to adjacent normal tissue levels, increasing with clinical stage. Plekha7 was present at plasma membrane AJ with wild-type KRas (wt-KRas) but was dispersed in cells expressing mutant KRas (mut-KRas). Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) indicated a direct Plekha7 interaction with wt-KRas but scantily with mut-KRas. Inhibiting Plekha7 specifically decreased mut-KRas cell signaling, proliferation, attachment, migration, and retarded mut-KRAS CRC tumor growth. Binding of diC8-phosphoinositides (PI) to the PH domain of Plekha7 was relatively low affinity. This may be because a D175 amino acid residue plays a "sentry" role preventing PI(3,4)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 binding. Molecular or pharmacological inhibition of the Plekha7 PH domain prevented the growth of mut-KRas but not wt-KRas cells. Taken together the studies suggest that Plekha7, in addition to maintaining AJ structure plays a role in mut-KRas signaling and phenotype through interaction of its PH domain with membrane mut-KRas, but not wt-KRas, to increase the efficiency of mut-KRas downstream signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hei-Cheul Jeung
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Roisin Puentes
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Aleshin
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Ricardo G Correa
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laurie A Bankston
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fabiana I A L Layng
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Yong Yao
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela G Duenas
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Francesca Marassi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Liddington
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Garth Powis
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA; PHusis Therapeutics, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sebastián I, Okura N, Humbel BM, Xu J, Hermawan I, Matsuura C, Hall M, Takayama C, Yamashiro T, Nakamura S, Toma C. Disassembly of the apical junctional complex during the transmigration of Leptospira interrogans across polarized renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13343. [PMID: 33864347 PMCID: PMC8459228 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens have evolved multiple strategies to disassemble epithelial cell apical junctional complexes (AJCs) and infect epithelial cells. Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic infection, mainly caused by Leptospira interrogans, and its dissemination across host cell barriers is essential for its pathogenesis. However, the mechanism of bacterial dissemination across epithelial cell barriers remains poorly characterised. In this study, we analysed the interaction of L. interrogans with renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) and found that at 24 hr post‐infection, L. interrogans remain in close contact with the plasma membrane of the RPTEC by extracellularly adhering or crawling. Leptospira interrogans cleaved E‐cadherin and induced its endocytosis with release of the soluble N‐terminal fragment into the extracellular medium. Concomitantly, a gradual decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), mislocalisation of AJC proteins (occludin, claudin‐10, ZO‐1, and cingulin) and cytoskeletal rearrangement were observed. Inhibition of clathrin‐mediated E‐cadherin endocytosis prevented the decrease in TEER. We showed that disassembly of AJCs in epithelial cells and transmigration of bacteria through the paracellular route are important for the dissemination of L. interrogans in the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Sebastián
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okura
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Bruno M Humbel
- Imaging Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.,Microscopy Center, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Animal Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Idam Hermawan
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chiaki Matsuura
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Malgorzata Hall
- Imaging Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chitoshi Takayama
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yamashiro
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Claudia Toma
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Phase separation as a therapeutic target in tight junction-associated human diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1310-1313. [PMID: 32694756 PMCID: PMC7608859 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) play an important role in the maintenance of epithelial and endothelial barriers. Zonula occludens (ZO) proteins are scaffolding molecules essential for the formation of TJ complexes, and abnormalities in ZO proteins have been implicated in various TJ-associated human diseases such as tumor invasion and metastasis, and barrier dysfunction. Recent studies reveal that liquid–liquid phase separation of ZO proteins drives the polymerization of TJ proteins into a continuous belt, which then recruits various proteins to form the TJ complex to regulate selective paracellular permeability and signal transduction. Herein, we describe recent advances on how ZO phase separation contributes to TJ formation and discuss the potential of phase separation as a target for the treatment of TJ-associated diseases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Schwayer C, Shamipour S, Pranjic-Ferscha K, Schauer A, Balda M, Tada M, Matter K, Heisenberg CP. Mechanosensation of Tight Junctions Depends on ZO-1 Phase Separation and Flow. Cell 2020; 179:937-952.e18. [PMID: 31675500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions respond to mechanical forces by changing their organization and function. To gain insight into the mechanochemical basis underlying junction mechanosensitivity, we analyzed tight junction (TJ) formation between the enveloping cell layer (EVL) and the yolk syncytial layer (YSL) in the gastrulating zebrafish embryo. We found that the accumulation of Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) at TJs closely scales with tension of the adjacent actomyosin network, revealing that these junctions are mechanosensitive. Actomyosin tension triggers ZO-1 junctional accumulation by driving retrograde actomyosin flow within the YSL, which transports non-junctional ZO-1 clusters toward the TJ. Non-junctional ZO-1 clusters form by phase separation, and direct actin binding of ZO-1 is required for stable incorporation of retrogradely flowing ZO-1 clusters into TJs. If the formation and/or junctional incorporation of ZO-1 clusters is impaired, then TJs lose their mechanosensitivity, and consequently, EVL-YSL movement is delayed. Thus, phase separation and flow of non-junctional ZO-1 confer mechanosensitivity to TJs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Schwayer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Shayan Shamipour
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Alexandra Schauer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Maria Balda
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Masazumi Tada
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karl Matter
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Epithelial cells form highly organized polarized sheets with characteristic cell morphologies and tissue architecture. Cell–cell adhesion and intercellular communication are prerequisites of such cohesive sheets of cells, and cell connectivity is mediated through several junctional assemblies, namely desmosomes, adherens, tight and gap junctions. These cell–cell junctions form signalling hubs that not only mediate cell–cell adhesion but impact on multiple aspects of cell behaviour, helping to coordinate epithelial cell shape, polarity and function. This review will focus on the tight and adherens junctions, constituents of the apical junctional complex, and aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the complex signalling that underlies junction assembly, integrity and plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Rusu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Marios Georgiou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Corada M, Orsenigo F, Bhat GP, Conze LL, Breviario F, Cunha SI, Claesson-Welsh L, Beznoussenko GV, Mironov AA, Bacigaluppi M, Martino G, Pitulescu ME, Adams RH, Magnusson P, Dejana E. Fine-Tuning of Sox17 and Canonical Wnt Coordinates the Permeability Properties of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Circ Res 2019; 124:511-525. [PMID: 30591003 PMCID: PMC6407809 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: The microvasculature of the central nervous system includes the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which regulates the permeability to nutrients and restricts the passage of toxic agents and inflammatory cells. Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is responsible for the early phases of brain vascularization and BBB differentiation. However, this signal declines after birth, and other signaling pathways able to maintain barrier integrity at postnatal stage are still unknown. Objective: Sox17 (SRY [sex-determining region Y]-box 17) constitutes a major downstream target of Wnt/β-catenin in endothelial cells and regulates arterial differentiation. In the present article, we asked whether Sox17 may act downstream of Wnt/β-catenin in inducing BBB differentiation and maintenance. Methods and Results: Using reporter mice and nuclear staining of Sox17 and β-catenin, we report that although β-catenin signaling declines after birth, Sox17 activation increases and remains high in the adult. Endothelial-specific inactivation of Sox17 leads to increase of permeability of the brain microcirculation. The severity of this effect depends on the degree of BBB maturation: it is strong in the embryo and progressively declines after birth. In search of Sox17 mechanism of action, RNA sequencing analysis of gene expression of brain endothelial cells has identified members of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as downstream targets of Sox17. Consistently, we found that Sox17 is a positive inducer of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and it acts in concert with this pathway to induce and maintain BBB properties. In vivo, inhibition of the β-catenin destruction complex or expression of a degradation-resistant β-catenin mutant, prevent the increase in permeability and retina vascular malformations observed in the absence of Sox17. Conclusions: Our data highlight a novel role for Sox17 in the induction and maintenance of the BBB, and they underline the strict reciprocal tuning of this transcription factor and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Modulation of Sox17 activity may be relevant to control BBB permeability in pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Corada
- From the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), Milan, Italy (M.C., F.O., F.B., G.V.B., A.A.M., E.D.)
| | - Fabrizio Orsenigo
- From the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), Milan, Italy (M.C., F.O., F.B., G.V.B., A.A.M., E.D.)
| | - Ganesh Parameshwar Bhat
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Division of Neuroscience (G.P.B.), San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Lei Liu Conze
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.L.C., S.I.C., L.C.-W., P.M., E.D.)
| | - Ferruccio Breviario
- From the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), Milan, Italy (M.C., F.O., F.B., G.V.B., A.A.M., E.D.)
| | - Sara Isabel Cunha
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.L.C., S.I.C., L.C.-W., P.M., E.D.)
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.L.C., S.I.C., L.C.-W., P.M., E.D.)
| | - Galina V Beznoussenko
- From the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), Milan, Italy (M.C., F.O., F.B., G.V.B., A.A.M., E.D.)
| | - Alexander A Mironov
- From the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), Milan, Italy (M.C., F.O., F.B., G.V.B., A.A.M., E.D.)
| | - Marco Bacigaluppi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.B., G.M.), San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology (M.B., G.M.), San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara E Pitulescu
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Germany (M.E.P., R.H.A.)
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Germany (M.E.P., R.H.A.)
| | - Peetra Magnusson
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.L.C., S.I.C., L.C.-W., P.M., E.D.)
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- From the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), Milan, Italy (M.C., F.O., F.B., G.V.B., A.A.M., E.D.).,Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.L.C., S.I.C., L.C.-W., P.M., E.D.).,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJ) play a central role in the homeostasis of epithelial and endothelial tissues, by providing a semipermeable barrier to ions and solutes, by contributing to the maintenance of cell polarity, and by functioning as signaling platforms. TJ are associated with the actomyosin and microtubule cytoskeletons, and the crosstalk with the cytoskeleton is fundamental for junction biogenesis and physiology. TJ are spatially and functionally connected to adherens junctions (AJ), which are essential for the maintenance of tissue integrity. Mechano-sensing and mechano-transduction properties of several AJ proteins have been characterized during the last decade. However, little is known about how mechanical forces act on TJ and their proteins, how TJ control the mechanical properties of cells and tissues, and what are the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here I review recent studies that have advanced our understanding of the relationships between mechanical force and TJ biology.
Collapse
|
15
|
Beutel O, Maraspini R, Pombo-García K, Martin-Lemaitre C, Honigmann A. Phase Separation of Zonula Occludens Proteins Drives Formation of Tight Junctions. Cell 2019; 179:923-936.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
16
|
Soroosh A, Rankin CR, Polytarchou C, Lokhandwala ZA, Patel A, Chang L, Pothoulakis C, Iliopoulos D, Padua DM. miR-24 Is Elevated in Ulcerative Colitis Patients and Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1763-1774. [PMID: 31220450 PMCID: PMC6723227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by high levels of inflammation and loss of barrier integrity in the colon. The intestinal barrier is a dynamic network of proteins that encircle intestinal epithelial cells. miRNAs regulate protein-coding genes. In this study, miR-24 was found to be elevated in colonic biopsies and blood samples from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients compared with healthy controls. In the colon of UC patients, miR-24 is localized to intestinal epithelial cells, which prompted an investigation of intestinal epithelial barrier function. Two intestinal epithelial cell lines were used to study the effect of miR-24 overexpression on barrier integrity. Overexpression of miR-24 in both cell lines led to diminished transepithelial electrical resistance and increased dextran flux, suggesting an effect on barrier integrity. Overexpression of miR-24 did not induce apoptosis or affect cell proliferation, suggesting that the effect of miR-24 on barrier function was due to an effect on cell-cell junctions. Although the tight junctions in cells overexpressing miR-24 appeared normal, miR-24 overexpression led to a decrease in the tight junction-associated protein cingulin. Loss of cingulin compromised barrier formation; cingulin levels negatively correlated with disease severity in UC patients. Together, these data suggest that miR-24 is a significant regulator of intestinal barrier that may be important in the pathogenesis of UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artin Soroosh
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carl R Rankin
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christos Polytarchou
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zulfiqar A Lokhandwala
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ami Patel
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lin Chang
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David M Padua
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dee RA, Mangum KD, Bai X, Mack CP, Taylor JM. Druggable targets in the Rho pathway and their promise for therapeutic control of blood pressure. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 193:121-134. [PMID: 30189292 PMCID: PMC7235948 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of high blood pressure (also known as hypertension) has steadily increased over the last few decades. Known as a silent killer, hypertension increases the risk for cardiovascular disease and can lead to stroke, heart attack, kidney failure and associated sequela. While numerous hypertensive therapies are currently available, it is estimated that only half of medicated patients exhibit blood pressure control. This signifies the need for a better understanding of the underlying cause of disease and for more effective therapies. While blood pressure homeostasis is very complex and involves the integrated control of multiple body systems, smooth muscle contractility and arterial resistance are important contributors. Strong evidence from pre-clinical animal models and genome-wide association studies indicate that smooth muscle contraction and BP homeostasis are governed by the small GTPase RhoA and its downstream target, Rho kinase. In this review, we summarize the signaling pathways and regulators that impart tight spatial-temporal control of RhoA activity in smooth muscle cells and discuss current therapeutic strategies to target these RhoA pathway components. We also discuss known allelic variations in the RhoA pathway and consider how these polymorphisms may affect genetic risk for hypertension and its clinical manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Dee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kevin D Mangum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christopher P Mack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joan M Taylor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aggarwal A, Singh I, Sandhir R. Protective effect of S-nitrosoglutathione administration against hyperglycemia induced disruption of blood brain barrier is mediated by modulation of tight junction proteins and cell adhesion molecules. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:205-216. [PMID: 29792953 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with increased blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability resulting in neurological deficits. The present study investigated the role of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) on tight junction proteins and cell adhesion molecules in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight) for 5 days in mice. GSNO was administered daily (100 μg/kg body weight, orally) for 8 weeks after the induction of diabetes. A significant decline was observed in the cognitive ability of diabetic animals assessed using radial arm maze test. A significant increase was observed in nitrotyrosine levels in cortex and hippocampus of diabetic mice. Relative mRNA and protein expression of tight junction proteins viz; zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin were significantly lower in the microvessels isolated from cortex and hippocampus of diabetic animals, whereas expression of claudin-5 was unaltered. Immunofluorescence of tight junction proteins confirmed loss of ZO-1 and occludin in the diabetic brain. Furthermore, significant increase in interstitial cell adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 mRNA and protein levels was observed in diabetic animals. Ultrastructure of microvessels from diabetic brain was also altered thereby confirming BBB disruption. GSNO administration to diabetic animals, on the other hand, was able to ameliorate loss of ZO-1 and occludin as well as normalize ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, restore BBB integrity, and improve cognitive deficits. The findings clearly suggest that GSNO is a therapeutic molecule with potential to protect BBB and prevent diabetes induced neurological deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Aggarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Building, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Building, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee MC, Shei W, Chan AS, Chua BT, Goh SR, Chong YF, Hilmy MH, Nongpiur ME, Baskaran M, Khor CC, Aung T, Hunziker W, Vithana EN. Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) susceptibility gene PLEKHA7 encodes a novel Rac1/Cdc42 GAP that modulates cell migration and blood-aqueous barrier function. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:4011-4027. [PMID: 29016860 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PLEKHA7, a gene recently associated with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), encodes an apical junctional protein expressed in components of the blood aqueous barrier (BAB). We found that PLEKHA7 is down-regulated in lens epithelial cells and in iris tissue of PACG patients. PLEKHA7 expression also correlated with the C risk allele of the sentinel SNP rs11024102 with the risk allele carrier groups having significantly reduced PLEKHA7 levels compared to non-risk allele carriers. Silencing of PLEKHA7 in human immortalized non-pigmented ciliary epithelium (h-iNPCE) and primary trabecular meshwork cells, which are intimately linked to BAB and aqueous humor outflow respectively, affected actin cytoskeleton organization. PLEKHA7 specifically interacts with GTP-bound Rac1 and Cdc42, but not RhoA, and the activation status of the two small GTPases is linked to PLEKHA7 expression levels. PLEKHA7 stimulates Rac1 and Cdc42 GTP hydrolysis, without affecting nucleotide exchange, identifying PLEKHA7 as a novel Rac1/Cdc42 GAP. Consistent with the regulatory role of Rac1 and Cdc42 in maintaining the tight junction permeability, silencing of PLEKHA7 compromises the paracellular barrier between h-iNPCE cells. Thus, downregulation of PLEKHA7 in PACG may affect BAB integrity and aqueous humor outflow via its Rac1/Cdc42 GAP activity, thereby contributing to disease etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chin Lee
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - William Shei
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Anita S Chan
- The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Glaucoma, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Boon-Tin Chua
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Shuang-Ru Goh
- The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yaan-Fun Chong
- The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Maryam H Hilmy
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Monisha E Nongpiur
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Mani Baskaran
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Glaucoma, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Glaucoma, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Walter Hunziker
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Eranga N Vithana
- Ocular Genetics Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang L, Feng T, Spicer LJ. The role of tight junction proteins in ovarian follicular development and ovarian cancer. Reproduction 2018; 155:R183-R198. [PMID: 29374086 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJ) are protein structures that control the transport of water, ions and macromolecules across cell layers. Functions of the transmembrane TJ protein, occluding (OCLN) and the cytoplasmic TJ proteins, tight junction protein 1 (TJP1; also known as zona occludens protein-1), cingulin (CGN) and claudins (CLDN) are reviewed, and current evidence of their role in the ovarian function is reviewed. Abundance of OCLN, CLDNs and TJP1 mRNA changed during follicular growth. In vitro treatment with various growth factors known to affect ovarian folliculogenesis indicated that CGN, OCLN and TJP1 are hormonally regulated. The summarized studies indicate that expression of TJ proteins (i.e., OCLN, CLDN, TJP1 and CGN) changes with follicle size in a variety of vertebrate species but whether these changes in TJ proteins are increased or decreased depends on species and cell type. Evidence indicates that autocrine, paracrine and endocrine regulators, such as fibroblast growth factor-9, epidermal growth factor, androgens, tumor necrosis factor-α and glucocorticoids may modulate these TJ proteins. Additional evidence presented indicates that TJ proteins may be involved in ovarian cancer development in addition to normal follicular and luteal development. A model is proposed suggesting that hormonal downregulation of TJ proteins during ovarian follicular development could reduce barrier function (i.e., selective permeability of molecules between theca and granulosa cells) and allow for an increase in the volume of follicular fluid as well as allow additional serum factors into the follicle that may directly impact granulosa cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingna Zhang
- Department of Animal ScienceOklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Tao Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary MedicineBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal ScienceOklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Vasileva E, Sluysmans S, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Citi S. Cell-specific diversity in the expression and organization of cytoplasmic plaque proteins of apical junctions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1405:160-176. [PMID: 28617990 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tight and adherens junctions play critical roles in the barrier, adhesion, and signaling functions of epithelial and endothelial cells. How the molecular organization of these junctions is tuned to the widely diverse physiological requirements of each tissue type is not well understood. Here, we address this question by examining the expression, localization, and interactions of major cytoplasmic plaque proteins of tight and adherens junctions in different cultured epithelial and endothelial cell lines. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses show that the expression profiles of cingulin, paracingulin, ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, PLEKHA7, afadin, PDZD11, p120-catenin, and α-catenin, as well as the transmembrane junctional proteins occludin, E-cadherin, and VE-cadherin, are significantly diverse when comparing kidney cells (MDCK, mCCD), keratinocytes (HaCaT), lung carcinoma (A427, A549), and endothelium-derived cells (bEnd.3, meEC, H5V). Proximity ligation and co-immunoprecipitation assays show that PLEKHA7 and PDZD11 are significantly more associated with the tight junction proteins cingulin and ZO-1 in aortic endothelium-derived (meEC) cells but not kidney collecting duct epithelial (mCCD) cells. These results provide evidence that the cytoplasmic plaques of tight and adherens junctions are diverse in their composition and molecular architecture and establish a conceptual framework by which we can rationally address the mechanisms of tissue-dependent junction physiology and signaling by cytoplasmic junctional proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Vasileva
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Sluysmans
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandra Citi
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arnold TR, Stephenson RE, Miller AL. Rho GTPases and actomyosin: Partners in regulating epithelial cell-cell junction structure and function. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:20-30. [PMID: 28363828 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues are defined by polarized epithelial cells that are integrated into tissues and exhibit barrier function in order to regulate what is allowed to pass between cells. Cell-cell junctions must be stable enough to promote barrier function and tissue integrity, yet plastic enough to remodel when necessary. This remarkable ability to dynamically sense and respond to changes in cell shape and tissue tension allows cell-cell junctions to remain functional during events that disrupt epithelial homeostasis including morphogenesis, wound healing, and cell division. In order to achieve this plasticity, both tight junctions and adherens junctions are coupled to the underlying actomyosin cytoskeleton. Here, we discuss the importance of the junctional linkage to actomyosin and how a localized zone of active RhoA along with other Rho GTPases work together to orchestrate junctional actomyosin dynamics. We focus on how scaffold proteins help coordinate Rho GTPases, their upstream regulators, and their downstream effectors for efficient, localized Rho GTPase signaling output. Additionally, we highlight important roles junctional actin-binding proteins play in addition to their traditional roles in organizing actin. Together, Rho GTPases, their regulators, and effectors form compartmentalized signaling modules that regulate actomyosin structure and contractility to achieve proper cell-cell adhesion and tissue barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torey R Arnold
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Rachel E Stephenson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Ann L Miller
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Modular transcriptional repertoire and MicroRNA target analyses characterize genomic dysregulation in the thymus of Down syndrome infants. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7497-533. [PMID: 26848775 PMCID: PMC4884935 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21-driven transcriptional alterations in human thymus were characterized through gene coexpression network (GCN) and miRNA-target analyses. We used whole thymic tissue--obtained at heart surgery from Down syndrome (DS) and karyotipically normal subjects (CT)--and a network-based approach for GCN analysis that allows the identification of modular transcriptional repertoires (communities) and the interactions between all the system's constituents through community detection. Changes in the degree of connections observed for hierarchically important hubs/genes in CT and DS networks corresponded to community changes. Distinct communities of highly interconnected genes were topologically identified in these networks. The role of miRNAs in modulating the expression of highly connected genes in CT and DS was revealed through miRNA-target analysis. Trisomy 21 gene dysregulation in thymus may be depicted as the breakdown and altered reorganization of transcriptional modules. Leading networks acting in normal or disease states were identified. CT networks would depict the "canonical" way of thymus functioning. Conversely, DS networks represent a "non-canonical" way, i.e., thymic tissue adaptation under trisomy 21 genomic dysregulation. This adaptation is probably driven by epigenetic mechanisms acting at chromatin level and through the miRNA control of transcriptional programs involving the networks' high-hierarchy genes.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zihni C, Mills C, Matter K, Balda MS. Tight junctions: from simple barriers to multifunctional molecular gates. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:564-80. [PMID: 27353478 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 852] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelia and endothelia separate different tissue compartments and protect multicellular organisms from the outside world. This requires the formation of tight junctions, selective gates that control paracellular diffusion of ions and solutes. Tight junctions also form the border between the apical and basolateral plasma-membrane domains and are linked to the machinery that controls apicobasal polarization. Additionally, signalling networks that guide diverse cell behaviours and functions are connected to tight junctions, transmitting information to and from the cytoskeleton, nucleus and different cell adhesion complexes. Recent advances have broadened our understanding of the molecular architecture and cellular functions of tight junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ceniz Zihni
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Clare Mills
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Karl Matter
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Maria S Balda
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shah J, Guerrera D, Vasileva E, Sluysmans S, Bertels E, Citi S. PLEKHA7: Cytoskeletal adaptor protein at center stage in junctional organization and signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 75:112-6. [PMID: 27072621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PLEKHA7 is a recently characterized component of the cytoplasmic region of epithelial adherens junctions (AJ). It comprises two WW domains, a pleckstrin-homology domain, and proline-rich and coiled-coil domains. PLEKHA7 interacts with cytoplasmic components of the AJ (p120-catenin, paracingulin, afadin), stabilizes the E-cadherin complex by linking it to the minus ends of noncentrosomal microtubules, and stabilizes junctional nectins through the newly identified interactor PDZD11. Similarly to afadin, and unlike E-cadherin and p120-catenin, the localization of PLEKHA7 at AJ is strictly zonular (in the zonula adhaerens subdomain of AJ), and does not extend along the basolateral contacts. Genome-wide association studies and experiments on animal and cellular models show that although PLEKHA7 is not required for organism viability, it is implicated in cardiovascular physiology, hypertension, primary angle closure glaucoma, susceptibility to staphylococcal α-toxin, and epithelial morphogenesis and growth. Thus, PLEKHA7 is a cytoskeletal adaptor protein important for AJ organization, and at the center of junction-associated signaling pathways which fine-tune important pathophysiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimit Shah
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; The Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diego Guerrera
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; The Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Vasileva
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; The Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Sluysmans
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; The Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eva Bertels
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; The Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Citi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; The Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Guerrera D, Shah J, Vasileva E, Sluysmans S, Méan I, Jond L, Poser I, Mann M, Hyman AA, Citi S. PLEKHA7 Recruits PDZD11 to Adherens Junctions to Stabilize Nectins. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11016-29. [PMID: 27044745 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PLEKHA7 is a junctional protein implicated in stabilization of the cadherin protein complex, hypertension, cardiac contractility, glaucoma, microRNA processing, and susceptibility to bacterial toxins. To gain insight into the molecular basis for the functions of PLEKHA7, we looked for new PLEKHA7 interactors. Here, we report the identification of PDZ domain-containing protein 11 (PDZD11) as a new interactor of PLEKHA7 by yeast two-hybrid screening and by mass spectrometry analysis of PLEKHA7 immunoprecipitates. We show that PDZD11 (17 kDa) is expressed in epithelial and endothelial cells, where it forms a complex with PLEKHA7, as determined by co-immunoprecipitation analysis. The N-terminal Trp-Trp (WW) domain of PLEKHA7 interacts directly with the N-terminal 44 amino acids of PDZD11, as shown by GST-pulldown assays. Immunofluorescence analysis shows that PDZD11 is localized at adherens junctions in a PLEKHA7-dependent manner, because its junctional localization is abolished by knock-out of PLEKHA7, and is rescued by re-expression of exogenous PLEKHA7. The junctional recruitment of nectin-1 and nectin-3 and their protein levels are decreased via proteasome-mediated degradation in epithelial cells where either PDZD11 or PLEKHA7 have been knocked-out. PDZD11 forms a complex with nectin-1 and nectin-3, and its PDZ domain interacts directly with the PDZ-binding motif of nectin-1. PDZD11 is required for the efficient assembly of apical junctions of epithelial cells at early time points in the calcium-switch model. These results show that the PLEKHA7-PDZD11 complex stabilizes nectins to promote efficient early junction assembly and uncover a new molecular mechanism through which PLEKHA7 recruits PDZ-binding membrane proteins to epithelial adherens junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Guerrera
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211-4 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jimit Shah
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211-4 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Vasileva
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211-4 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Sluysmans
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211-4 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Méan
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211-4 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Jond
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211-4 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ina Poser
- the Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany, and
| | - Matthias Mann
- the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anthony A Hyman
- the Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany, and
| | - Sandra Citi
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211-4 Geneva, Switzerland,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bai X, Dee R, Mangum KD, Mack CP, Taylor JM. RhoA signaling and blood pressure: The consequence of failing to “Tone it Down”. World J Hypertens 2016; 6:18-35. [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v6.i1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled high blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure and contributes to an estimated 25% of deaths worldwide. Despite numerous treatment options, estimates project that reasonable blood pressure (BP) control is achieved in only about half of hypertensive patients. Improvements in the detection and management of hypertension will undoubtedly be accomplished through a better understanding of the complex etiology of this disease and a more comprehensive inventory of the genes and genetic variants that influence BP regulation. Recent studies (primarily in pre-clinical models) indicate that the small GTPase RhoA and its downstream target, Rho kinase, play an important role in regulating BP homeostasis. Herein, we summarize the underlying mechanisms and highlight signaling pathways and regulators that impart tight spatial-temporal control of RhoA activity. We also discuss known allelic variations in the RhoA pathway and consider how these polymorphisms may affect genetic risk for hypertension and its clinical manifestations. Finally, we summarize the current (albeit limited) clinical data on the efficacy of targeting the RhoA pathway in hypertensive patients.
Collapse
|
29
|
Robinson K, Deng Z, Hou Y, Zhang G. Regulation of the Intestinal Barrier Function by Host Defense Peptides. Front Vet Sci 2015; 2:57. [PMID: 26664984 PMCID: PMC4672242 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier function is achieved primarily through regulating the synthesis of mucins and tight junction (TJ) proteins, which are critical for maintaining optimal gut health and animal performance. An aberrant expression of TJ proteins results in increased paracellular permeability, leading to intestinal and systemic disorders. As an essential component of innate immunity, host defense peptides (HDPs) play a critical role in mucosal defense. Besides broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities, HDPs promotes inflammation resolution, endotoxin neutralization, wound healing, and the development of adaptive immune response. Accumulating evidence has also indicated an emerging role of HDPs in barrier function and intestinal homeostasis. HDP deficiency in the intestinal tract is associated with barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis. Several HDPs were recently shown to enhance mucosal barrier function by directly inducing the expression of multiple mucins and TJ proteins. Consistently, dietary supplementation of HDPs often leads to an improvement in intestinal morphology, production performance, and feed efficiency in livestock animals. This review summarizes current advances on the regulation of epithelial integrity and homeostasis by HDPs. Major signaling pathways mediating HDP-induced mucin and TJ protein synthesis are also discussed. As an alternative strategy to antibiotics, supplementation of exogenous HDPs or modulation of endogenous HDP synthesis may have potential to improve intestinal barrier function and animal health and productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsy Robinson
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, OK , USA
| | - Zhuo Deng
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, OK , USA
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, OK , USA ; Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The adherens junctions control susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:14337-42. [PMID: 26489655 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1510265112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is both a transient skin colonizer and a formidable human pathogen, ranking among the leading causes of skin and soft tissue infections as well as severe pneumonia. The secreted bacterial α-toxin is essential for S. aureus virulence in these epithelial diseases. To discover host cellular factors required for α-toxin cytotoxicity, we conducted a genetic screen using mutagenized haploid human cells. Our screen identified a cytoplasmic member of the adherens junctions, plekstrin-homology domain containing protein 7 (PLEKHA7), as the second most significantly enriched gene after the known α-toxin receptor, a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10). Here we report a new, unexpected role for PLEKHA7 and several components of cellular adherens junctions in controlling susceptibility to S. aureus α-toxin. We find that despite being injured by α-toxin pore formation, PLEKHA7 knockout cells recover after intoxication. By infecting PLEKHA7(-/-) mice with methicillin-resistant S. aureus USA300 LAC strain, we demonstrate that this junctional protein controls disease severity in both skin infection and lethal S. aureus pneumonia. Our results suggest that adherens junctions actively control cellular responses to a potent pore-forming bacterial toxin and identify PLEKHA7 as a potential nonessential host target to reduce S. aureus virulence during epithelial infections.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zihni C, Balda MS, Matter K. Signalling at tight junctions during epithelial differentiation and microbial pathogenesis. J Cell Sci 2015; 127:3401-13. [PMID: 25125573 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.145029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions are a component of the epithelial junctional complex, and they form the paracellular diffusion barrier that enables epithelial cells to create cellular sheets that separate compartments with different compositions. The assembly and function of tight junctions are intimately linked to the actomyosin cytoskeleton and, hence, are under the control of signalling mechanisms that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics. Tight junctions not only receive signals that guide their assembly and function, but transmit information to the cell interior to regulate cell proliferation, migration and survival. As a crucial component of the epithelial barrier, they are often targeted by pathogenic viruses and bacteria, aiding infection and the development of disease. In this Commentary, we review recent progress in the understanding of the molecular signalling mechanisms that drive junction assembly and function, and the signalling processes by which tight junctions regulate cell behaviour and survival. We also discuss the way in which junctional components are exploited by pathogenic viruses and bacteria, and how this might affect junctional signalling mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ceniz Zihni
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Maria S Balda
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Karl Matter
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tornavaca O, Chia M, Dufton N, Almagro LO, Conway DE, Randi AM, Schwartz MA, Matter K, Balda MS. ZO-1 controls endothelial adherens junctions, cell-cell tension, angiogenesis, and barrier formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 208:821-38. [PMID: 25753039 PMCID: PMC4362456 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201404140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular junctions are crucial for mechanotransduction, but whether tight junctions contribute to the regulation of cell-cell tension and adherens junctions is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the tight junction protein ZO-1 regulates tension acting on VE-cadherin-based adherens junctions, cell migration, and barrier formation of primary endothelial cells, as well as angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. ZO-1 depletion led to tight junction disruption, redistribution of active myosin II from junctions to stress fibers, reduced tension on VE-cadherin and loss of junctional mechanotransducers such as vinculin and PAK2, and induced vinculin dissociation from the α-catenin-VE-cadherin complex. Claudin-5 depletion only mimicked ZO-1 effects on barrier formation, whereas the effects on mechanotransducers were rescued by inhibition of ROCK and phenocopied by JAM-A, JACOP, or p114RhoGEF down-regulation. ZO-1 was required for junctional recruitment of JACOP, which, in turn, recruited p114RhoGEF. ZO-1 is thus a central regulator of VE-cadherin-dependent endothelial junctions that orchestrates the spatial actomyosin organization, tuning cell-cell tension, migration, angiogenesis, and barrier formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tornavaca
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, England, UK
| | - Minghao Chia
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, England, UK
| | - Neil Dufton
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI) Vascular Sciences Unit, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, England, UK
| | - Lourdes Osuna Almagro
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI) Vascular Sciences Unit, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, England, UK
| | - Daniel E Conway
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Anna M Randi
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI) Vascular Sciences Unit, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, England, UK
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 Department of Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Karl Matter
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, England, UK
| | - Maria S Balda
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, England, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Quiros M, Nusrat A. RhoGTPases, actomyosin signaling and regulation of the epithelial Apical Junctional Complex. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 36:194-203. [PMID: 25223584 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells form regulated and selective barriers between distinct tissue compartments. The Apical Junctional Complex (AJC) consisting of the tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ) control epithelial homeostasis, paracellular permeability and barrier properties. The AJC is composed of mutliprotein complexes consisting of transmembrane proteins that affiliate with an underlying perijunctional F-actin myosin ring through cytoplasmic scaffold proteins. AJC protein associations with the apical actin-myosin cytoskeleton are tightly controlled by a number of signaling proteins including the Rho family of GTPases that orchestrate junctional biology, epithelial homeostasis and barrier function. This review highlights the vital relationship of Rho GTPases and AJCs in controlling the epithelial barrier. The pathophysiologic relationship of Rho GTPases, AJC, apical actomyosin cytoskeleton and epithelial barrier function is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Quiros
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Spadaro D, Tapia R, Jond L, Sudol M, Fanning AS, Citi S. ZO proteins redundantly regulate the transcription factor DbpA/ZONAB. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:22500-11. [PMID: 24986862 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.556449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The localization and activities of DbpA/ZONAB and YAP transcription factors are in part regulated by the density-dependent assembly of epithelial junctions. DbpA activity and cell proliferation are inhibited by exogenous overexpression of the tight junction (TJ) protein ZO-1, leading to a model whereby ZO-1 acts by sequestering DbpA at the TJ. However, mammary epithelial cells and mouse tissues knock-out for ZO-1 do not show increased proliferation, as predicted by this model. To address this discrepancy, we examined the localization and activity of DbpA and YAP in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells depleted either of ZO-1, or one of the related proteins ZO-2 and ZO-3 (ZO proteins), or all three together. Depletion of only one ZO protein had no effect on DbpA localization and activity, whereas depletion of ZO-1 and ZO-2, which is associated with reduced ZO-3 expression, resulted in increased DbpA localization in the cytoplasm. Only depletion of ZO-2 reduced the nuclear import of YAP. Mammary epithelial (Eph4) cells KO for ZO-1 showed junctional DbpA, demonstrating that ZO-1 is not required to sequester DbpA at junctions. However, further depletion of ZO-2 in Eph4 ZO-1KO cells, which do not express ZO-3, caused decreased junctional localization and expression of DbpA, which were rescued by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. In vitro binding assays showed that full-length ZO-1 does not interact with DbpA. These results show that ZO-2 is implicated in regulating the nuclear shuttling of YAP, whereas ZO proteins redundantly control the junctional retention and stability of DbpA, without affecting its shuttling to the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Spadaro
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rocio Tapia
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Jond
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marius Sudol
- the Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822, the Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Mount Sinai Medical School, New York, New York 10029, and
| | - Alan S Fanning
- the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Sandra Citi
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kohn KW, Zeeberg BM, Reinhold WC, Pommier Y. Gene expression correlations in human cancer cell lines define molecular interaction networks for epithelial phenotype. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99269. [PMID: 24940735 PMCID: PMC4062414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using gene expression data to enhance our knowledge of control networks relevant to cancer biology and therapy is a challenging but urgent task. Based on the premise that genes that are expressed together in a variety of cell types are likely to functions together, we derived mutually correlated genes that function together in various processes in epithelial-like tumor cells. Expression-correlated genes were derived from data for the NCI-60 human tumor cell lines, as well as data from the Broad Institute's CCLE cell lines. NCI-60 cell lines that selectively expressed a mutually correlated subset of tight junction genes served as a signature for epithelial-like cancer cells. Those signature cell lines served as a seed to derive other correlated genes, many of which had various other epithelial-related functions. Literature survey yielded molecular interaction and function information about those genes, from which molecular interaction maps were assembled. Many of the genes had epithelial functions unrelated to tight junctions, demonstrating that new function categories were elicited. The most highly correlated genes were implicated in the following epithelial functions: interactions at tight junctions (CLDN7, CLDN4, CLDN3, MARVELD3, MARVELD2, TJP3, CGN, CRB3, LLGL2, EPCAM, LNX1); interactions at adherens junctions (CDH1, ADAP1, CAMSAP3); interactions at desmosomes (PPL, PKP3, JUP); transcription regulation of cell-cell junction complexes (GRHL1 and 2); epithelial RNA splicing regulators (ESRP1 and 2); epithelial vesicle traffic (RAB25, EPN3, GRHL2, EHF, ADAP1, MYO5B); epithelial Ca(+2) signaling (ATP2C2, S100A14, BSPRY); terminal differentiation of epithelial cells (OVOL1 and 2, ST14, PRSS8, SPINT1 and 2); maintenance of apico-basal polarity (RAB25, LLGL2, EPN3). The findings provide a foundation for future studies to elucidate the functions of regulatory networks specific to epithelial-like cancer cells and to probe for anti-cancer drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt W. Kohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Barry M. Zeeberg
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William C. Reinhold
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yves Pommier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Guillemot L, Guerrera D, Spadaro D, Tapia R, Jond L, Citi S. MgcRacGAP interacts with cingulin and paracingulin to regulate Rac1 activation and development of the tight junction barrier during epithelial junction assembly. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1995-2005. [PMID: 24807907 PMCID: PMC4072573 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-11-0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rac1 inhibitor MgcRacGAP regulates Rac1 activation and TJ barrier development during junction assembly in epithelial cells. CGN and CGNL1 recruit MgcRacGAP to the TJ and interact with MgcRacGAP. The regulation of Rho-family GTPases is crucial to direct the formation of cell–cell junctions and tissue barriers. Cingulin (CGN) and paracingulin (CGNL1) control RhoA activation in epithelial cells by interacting with RhoA guanidine exchange factors. CGNL1 depletion also inhibits Rac1 activation during junction assembly. Here we show that, unexpectedly, Madin–Darby canine kidney epithelial cells depleted of both CGN and CGNL1 (double-KD cells) display normal Rac1 activation and tight junction (TJ) formation, despite decreased junctional recruitment of the Rac1 activator Tiam1. The expression of the Rac1 inhibitor MgcRacGAP is decreased in double-KD cells, and the barrier development and Rac1 activation phenotypes are rescued by exogenous expression of MgcRacGAP. MgcRacGAP colocalizes with CGN and CGNL1 at TJs and forms a complex and interacts directly in vitro with CGN and CGNL1. Depletion of either CGN or CGNL1 in epithelial cells results in decreased junctional localization of MgcRacGAP but not of ECT2, a centralspindlin-interacting Rho GEF. These results provide new insight into coordination of Rho-family GTPase activities at junctions, since apical accumulation of CGN and CGNL1 at TJs during junction maturation provides a mechanism to spatially restrict down-regulation of Rac1 activation through the recruitment of MgcRacGAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Guillemot
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diego Guerrera
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenica Spadaro
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rocio Tapia
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Jond
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Citi
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandDepartment of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandInstitute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rees E, Walters JT, Chambert KD, O'Dushlaine C, Szatkiewicz J, Richards AL, Georgieva L, Mahoney-Davies G, Legge SE, Moran JL, Genovese G, Levinson D, Morris DW, Cormican P, Kendler KS, O'Neill FA, Riley B, Gill M, Corvin A, Sklar P, Hultman C, Pato C, Pato M, Sullivan PF, Gejman PV, McCarroll SA, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Kirov G. CNV analysis in a large schizophrenia sample implicates deletions at 16p12.1 and SLC1A1 and duplications at 1p36.33 and CGNL1. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:1669-76. [PMID: 24163246 PMCID: PMC3929090 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Large and rare copy number variants (CNVs) at several loci have been shown to increase risk for schizophrenia. Aiming to discover novel susceptibility CNV loci, we analyzed 6882 cases and 11 255 controls genotyped on Illumina arrays, most of which have not been used for this purpose before. We identified genes enriched for rare exonic CNVs among cases, and then attempted to replicate the findings in additional 14 568 cases and 15 274 controls. In a combined analysis of all samples, 12 distinct loci were enriched among cases with nominal levels of significance (P < 0.05); however, none would survive correction for multiple testing. These loci include recurrent deletions at 16p12.1, a locus previously associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (P = 0.0084 in the discovery sample and P = 0.023 in the replication sample). Other plausible candidates include non-recurrent deletions at the glutamate transporter gene SLC1A1, a CNV locus recently suggested to be involved in schizophrenia through linkage analysis, and duplications at 1p36.33 and CGNL1. A burden analysis of large (>500 kb), rare CNVs showed a 1.2% excess in cases after excluding known schizophrenia-associated loci, suggesting that additional susceptibility loci exist. However, even larger samples are required for their discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Rees
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK,
| | - James T.R. Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK,
| | - Kimberly D. Chambert
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,
| | - Colm O'Dushlaine
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,
| | - Jin Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,
| | - Alexander L. Richards
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK,
| | - Lyudmila Georgieva
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK,
| | - Gerwyn Mahoney-Davies
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK,
| | - Sophie E. Legge
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK,
| | - Jennifer L. Moran
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,
| | - Giulio Genovese
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,
| | - Douglas Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA,
| | - Derek W. Morris
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland,
| | - Paul Cormican
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland,
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,
| | - Francis A. O'Neill
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, BelfastBT71NN, Northern Ireland,
| | - Brien Riley
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,
| | - Michael Gill
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland,
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland,
| | | | - Pamela Sklar
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA,
| | - Christina Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Carlos Pato
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033-0121, USA,
| | - Michele Pato
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033-0121, USA,
| | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,
| | - Pablo V. Gejman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA and
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Steven A. McCarroll
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,
| | - Michael C. O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK,
| | - Michael J. Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK,
| | - George Kirov
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK,
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kolosov D, Chasiotis H, Kelly SP. Tight junction protein gene expression patterns and changes in transcript abundance during development of model fish gill epithelia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:1667-81. [PMID: 24501135 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.098731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, tight junction (TJ) proteins play an important role in epithelium formation and development, the maintenance of tissue integrity and regulation of TJ permeability. In this study, primary cultured model gill epithelia composed of pavement cells (PVCs) were used to examine TJ protein transcript abundance during the development of epithelium confluence and epithelium resistive properties. Differences in TJ protein expression patterns and transcript abundance between gill models composed of PVCs and models composed of PVCs and mitochondrion-rich cells (MRCs) were also examined. Marked alterations in TJ protein transcript abundance were observed as cells developed to confluence in flask-cultured model gill epithelia. In contrast, during the formation of tissue resistance in insert-cultured epithelia (i.e. epithelia cultured on a permeable substrate), changes in TJ protein mRNA abundance were conservative, despite paracellular marker flux decreasing by orders of magnitude. In both cases significant changes in claudin-8b, -8d, -27b, -28b and -32a transcript abundance were observed, suggesting that temporal alterations in the abundance of these genes are important end points of model gill epithelium integrity. When MRCs were present in cultured gill models, the mRNA abundance of several TJ proteins significantly altered and claudin-10c, -10d and -33b were only detected in preparations that included MRCs. These data provide insight into the role of select TJ proteins in the formation and development of gill epithelia and the maintenance of gill barrier properties. In addition, observations reveal a heterogeneous distribution of claudin TJ proteins in the gill epithelial cells of rainbow trout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kolosov
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Helen Chasiotis
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Scott P Kelly
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Szaszi K, Amoozadeh Y. New Insights into Functions, Regulation, and Pathological Roles of Tight Junctions in Kidney Tubular Epithelium. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 308:205-71. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800097-7.00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
40
|
Lázaro-Diéguez F, Cohen D, Fernandez D, Hodgson L, van Ijzendoorn SCD, Müsch A. Par1b links lumen polarity with LGN-NuMA positioning for distinct epithelial cell division phenotypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 203:251-64. [PMID: 24165937 PMCID: PMC3812971 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201303013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Columnar epithelia establish their luminal domains and their mitotic spindles parallel to the basal surface and undergo symmetric cell divisions in which the cleavage furrow bisects the apical domain. Hepatocyte lumina interrupt the lateral domain of neighboring cells perpendicular to two basal domains and their cleavage furrow rarely bifurcates the luminal domains. We determine that the serine/threonine kinase Par1b defines lumen position in concert with the position of the astral microtubule anchoring complex LGN-NuMA to yield the distinct epithelial division phenotypes. Par1b signaling via the extracellular matrix (ECM) in polarizing cells determined RhoA/Rho-kinase activity at cell-cell contact sites. Columnar MDCK and Par1b-depleted hepatocytic HepG2 cells featured high RhoA activity that correlated with robust LGN-NuMA recruitment to the metaphase cortex, spindle alignment with the substratum, and columnar organization. Reduced RhoA activity at the metaphase cortex in HepG2 cells and Par1b-overexpressing MDCK cells correlated with a single or no LGN-NuMA crescent, tilted spindles, and the development of lateral lumen polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Lázaro-Diéguez
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and 2 Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Citalán-Madrid AF, García-Ponce A, Vargas-Robles H, Betanzos A, Schnoor M. Small GTPases of the Ras superfamily regulate intestinal epithelial homeostasis and barrier function via common and unique mechanisms. Tissue Barriers 2013; 1:e26938. [PMID: 24868497 PMCID: PMC3942330 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.26938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium forms a stable barrier protecting underlying tissues from pathogens in the gut lumen. This is achieved by specialized integral membrane structures such as tight and adherens junctions that connect neighboring cells and provide stabilizing links to the cytoskeleton. Junctions are constantly remodeled to respond to extracellular stimuli. Assembly and disassembly of junctions is regulated by interplay of actin remodeling, endocytotic recycling of junctional proteins, and various signaling pathways. Accumulating evidence implicate small G proteins of the Ras superfamily as important signaling molecules for the regulation of epithelial junctions. They function as molecular switches circling between an inactive GDP-bound and an active GTP-bound state. Once activated, they bind different effector molecules to control cellular processes required for correct junction assembly, maintenance and remodelling. Here, we review recent advances in understanding how GTPases of the Rho, Ras, Rab and Arf families contribute to intestinal epithelial homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alí Francisco Citalán-Madrid
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine; Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav del IPN); Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alexander García-Ponce
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine; Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav del IPN); Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hilda Vargas-Robles
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine; Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav del IPN); Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abigail Betanzos
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis; Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav del IPN); Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine; Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav del IPN); Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bartel C, Tichy A, Walter I. Characterization of foamy epithelial surface cells in the canine endometrium. Anat Histol Embryol 2013; 43:165-81. [PMID: 23617756 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In mature bitches, endometrial epithelial surface cells modify function and corresponding morphology during the oestrous cycle. During late metoestrous, endometrial epithelial surface cells frequently accumulate fat and thereby adopt a foamy morphology. This cyclic appearance of foamy endometrial epithelial cells (fEECs) seems to be physiological in the dog, whereas in other species, it indicates pathological changes. Function of these fEECs has not been identified until now. Therefore, the aim of the study was to characterize the fEECs by means of transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Different manifestations of fEECs were observed and analysed with regard to proliferative activity and presence of different epithelial adhesion molecules including PLEKHA7, β-catenin and E-cadherin. PLEKHA7 was restricted to the apical regions of the fEECs, whereas E-cadherin and β-catenin were demonstrated basolateral. The immunohistochemical detection of steroid hormone receptors demonstrated the responsiveness of the fEECs to steroid hormones. Intense progesterone receptor expression was observed in the fEECs indicating a high responsiveness to this hormone. Considering a potential function of the fEECs, we hypothesized that leptin, a hormone produced by other lipid-accumulating cells and described to be involved in reproduction, in particular during implantation, might also originate from the fEECs which was confirmed by immunohistochemical methods. Moreover, leptin receptor was found in fEECs indicating the fEECs as both, source and target for leptin. Therefore, we conclude that fEECs in the canine uterus have a potential role in early pregnancy events and that the different observed manifestations might simply reflect the variations of signs of pseudopregnancy among bitches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bartel
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A - 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Van Itallie CM, Aponte A, Tietgens AJ, Gucek M, Fredriksson K, Anderson JM. The N and C termini of ZO-1 are surrounded by distinct proteins and functional protein networks. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:13775-88. [PMID: 23553632 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.466193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biotin ligase tagging with ZO-1 was applied to identify a more complete tight junction proteome. RESULTS Identical but also different proteins and functional networks were identified near the N and C ends of ZO-1. CONCLUSION The ends of ZO-1 are embedded in different functional subcompartments of the tight junction. SIGNIFICANCE Biotin tagging with ZO-1 expands the tight junction proteome and defines subcompartments of the junction. The proteins and functional protein networks of the tight junction remain incompletely defined. Among the currently known proteins are barrier-forming proteins like occludin and the claudin family; scaffolding proteins like ZO-1; and some cytoskeletal, signaling, and cell polarity proteins. To define a more complete list of proteins and infer their functional implications, we identified the proteins that are within molecular dimensions of ZO-1 by fusing biotin ligase to either its N or C terminus, expressing these fusion proteins in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells, and purifying and identifying the resulting biotinylated proteins by mass spectrometry. Of a predicted proteome of ∼9000, we identified more than 400 proteins tagged by biotin ligase fused to ZO-1, with both identical and distinct proteins near the N- and C-terminal ends. Those proximal to the N terminus were enriched in transmembrane tight junction proteins, and those proximal to the C terminus were enriched in cytoskeletal proteins. We also identified many unexpected but easily rationalized proteins and verified partial colocalization of three of these proteins with ZO-1 as examples. In addition, functional networks of interacting proteins were tagged, such as the basolateral but not apical polarity network. These results provide a rich inventory of proteins and potential novel insights into functions and protein networks that should catalyze further understanding of tight junction biology. Unexpectedly, the technique demonstrates high spatial resolution, which could be generally applied to defining other subcellular protein compartmentalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Van Itallie
- Laboratory of Tight Junction Structure and Function, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|