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Jones P, Yala JA, Knight KN, Song JM, Adkins SML, Battaglia-Hoffman G, Trapl ES. Unifying Public Health Surveillance: A Scoping Review of Global Use of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. J Adolesc Health 2024; 75:383-391. [PMID: 38752965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) is a well-established surveillance tool designed to document the health risk behaviors of youth. However, there is limited insight into the use of the survey outside of the United States. The aim of this scoping review was to assess the global presence and utilization of the YRBS. METHODS A structured electronic search of all publication years (through February 2020) was conducted to identify articles in PubMed and EBSCOhost. The search identified 128 articles that used the YRBS beyond the United States. RESULTS More than one-third of all countries, territories, and dependencies were represented in the articles, with the greatest use among upper-middle and high-income economies and those in the East Asia and Pacific geographic region. Priority health-risk behaviors identified were alcohol and other drug use (51%), tobacco use (48%), and unintentional and intentional injuries (44%). The articles predominantly suggested that the survey data be used to influence programs, policies, and practices (57%). DISCUSSION The development and proliferation of surveillance systems has allowed for important contributions to public health. Extensive use of the YRBS is notable; however, greater efforts are needed to support more systematic and collaborative approaches for evaluating youth behaviors around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- P'Ashe Jones
- Kent State University, College of Public Health, Kent, Ohio.
| | - Joy Atieno Yala
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kristina N Knight
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jessica M Song
- Kent State University, College of Public Health, Kent, Ohio
| | | | | | - Erika S Trapl
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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Siiba A, Kangmennaang J, Baatiema L, Luginaah I. The relationship between climate change, globalization and non-communicable diseases in Africa: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297393. [PMID: 38394170 PMCID: PMC10889617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are considered the 21st Century's major health and development challenges. Both pose a disproportionate burden on low- and middle-income countries that are unprepared to cope with their synergistic effects. These two challenges pose risks for achieving many of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and are both impacted by globalization through different pathways. While there are important insights on how climate change and or globalization impact NCDs in the general literature, comprehensive research that explores the influence of climate change and or globalization on NCDs is limited, particularly in the context of Africa. This review documents the pathways through which climate change and or globalization influence NCDs in Africa. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in eight electronic databases-Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Global Health Library, Science Direct, Medline, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. A total of 13864 studies were identified. Studies that were identified from more than one of the databases were automatically removed as duplicates (n = 9649). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a total of 27 studies were eventually included in the final review. We found that the impacts of climate change and or globalization on NCDs act through three potential pathways: reduction in food production and nutrition, urbanization and transformation of food systems. Our review contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the impact of climate change and or globalization on human health. We believe that our findings will help enlighten policy makers working on these pathways to facilitate the development of effective policy and public health interventions to mitigate the effects of climate change and globalization on the rising burden of NCDs and goal 3 of the SDG, in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhassan Siiba
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Kangmennaang
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonard Baatiema
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana Legon, Greater Accra Region, Ghana
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac Luginaah
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
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Wang Y, Fang L, Wang Y, Xiong Z. Current Trends of Raman Spectroscopy in Clinic Settings: Opportunities and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2300668. [PMID: 38072672 PMCID: PMC10870035 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Early clinical diagnosis, effective intraoperative guidance, and an accurate prognosis can lead to timely and effective medical treatment. The current conventional clinical methods have several limitations. Therefore, there is a need to develop faster and more reliable clinical detection, treatment, and monitoring methods to enhance their clinical applications. Raman spectroscopy is noninvasive and provides highly specific information about the molecular structure and biochemical composition of analytes in a rapid and accurate manner. It has a wide range of applications in biomedicine, materials, and clinical settings. This review primarily focuses on the application of Raman spectroscopy in clinical medicine. The advantages and limitations of Raman spectroscopy over traditional clinical methods are discussed. In addition, the advantages of combining Raman spectroscopy with machine learning, nanoparticles, and probes are demonstrated, thereby extending its applicability to different clinical phases. Examples of the clinical applications of Raman spectroscopy over the last 3 years are also integrated. Finally, various prospective approaches based on Raman spectroscopy in clinical studies are surveyed, and current challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Wang
- Department of NephrologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Liuru Fang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical ProcessWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical ProcessWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081China
| | - Zuzhao Xiong
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical ProcessWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081China
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Zhang W, Zhao M, Xin L, Qi X, Cao P, Wang J, Li X. Bioinformatics-based identification and validation of hub genes associated with aging in patients with coronary artery disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:14830-14844. [PMID: 38097358 PMCID: PMC10781473 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common aging-related disease in adults. We used bioinformatics analysis to study genes associated with aging in patients with CAD. The microarray data of the GSE12288 dataset were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to obtain 934 CAD-associated differentially expressed genes. By overlaying them with aging-related genes in the Aging Atlas database, 33 differentially expressed aging-related genes (DEARGs) were identified. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed that the 33 DEARGs were mainly enriched in cell adhesion and activation, Th17 and Th1/Th2 cell differentiation, and longevity regulation pathways. Hub genes were further screened using multiple algorithms of Cytoscape software and validation set GSE71226. Clinical samples were then collected, and the expression of hub genes in whole blood was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blot at the transcription and translation levels. Finally, HSP90AA1 and CEBPA were identified as hub genes. The results of this study suggest that HSP90AA1 and CEBPA are closely related to CAD. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the association between aging effectors and CAD, and indicate that these genes may be promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangmeng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Tai’an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Minmin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Tai’an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Li Xin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Tai’an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Ximei Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Tai’an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Tai’an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Jiyan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Tai’an City, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Tai’an Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
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Van Wilder L, Vandepitte S, Clays E, Devleesschauwer B, Pype P, Boeckxstaens P, Schrans D, De Smedt D. Psychosocial factors associated with health-related quality of life in patients with chronic disease: Results of a cross-sectional survey. Chronic Illn 2023; 19:743-757. [PMID: 36069001 DOI: 10.1177/17423953221124313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of various psychosocial factors (sense of coherence, illness perception, patient enablement, self-efficacy, health literacy, personality) is not fully understood across a wide range of chronic diseases, and in particular in patients with multimorbidity. As such, this study assessed the key psychosocial factors associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with one or more chronic diseases based on cross-sectional data collected in Flanders (Belgium). METHODS Cross-sectional data on 544 chronically ill patients were analysed. Multiple linear regression models were built to analyze the key psychosocial factors associated with HRQoL (EQ-5D-5Lindex as dependent factor). RESULTS Overall, the strongest independently associated factor with HRQoL was illness perceptions (β = -0.52, P < 0.001). In addition, sense of coherence (β = 0.14, P = < 0.05) was independently positively associated with HRQoL. Moreover, after stratification for multimorbidity, the negative association of illness perceptions with HRQoL was stronger when multimorbidity is present compared to when it is absent (β = -0.62, P < 0.001 vs β = -0.38, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed interesting associations of the modifiable psychosocial factors of illness perceptions and sense of coherence with HRQoL in a population of chronically ill persons. Given that the burden of chronic diseases will rise in the next decades, designing and implementing interventions that enhance these psychosocial abilities of patients, especially illness perceptions in multimorbid patients, is needed in order to reduce the burden of chronic diseases in terms of impaired HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Van Wilder
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Vandepitte
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Pype
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Diego Schrans
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delphine De Smedt
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Terzic A. Modern regenerative medicine dictionary: an augmented guide to biotherapy. Regen Med 2023; 18:885-889. [PMID: 37961818 PMCID: PMC10782411 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2023-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andre Terzic
- Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Patathananone S, Pothiwan M, Uapipatanakul B, Kunu W. Inhibitory Effects of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extracts on Free Radical Scavenging, Tyrosinase, and Amylase Activities. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:302-311. [PMID: 37842258 PMCID: PMC10567596 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.3.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxicity and instability are the limitations when using bioactive compounds in cosmetic and pharmacology products. This study assesses Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts for their antityrosinase, antiamylase, and antioxidant activities. Group A extracts were obtained using an aqueous solvent system [70% (v/v) of methanol (BTL70ME), ethanol (BTL70ET), and acetone (BTL70AC)]. Group B extracts were obtained using organic solvents of varying polarities. The results displayed that all extracts exhibited antityrosinase, antiamylase, and antioxidant activities in vitro. The most potent antityrosinase activity was observed in BTL70AC, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 20 μg/mL. BTL_Ethyl acetate and BTL70AC showed potential antiamylase activity. BTL_Isopropanol and BTL_Ethanol exhibited potential antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 4.0 μg/mL. The total phenolic content of BTL70ME, BTL70ET, and BTL70AC was 72.29±14.14, 65.98±11.91, and 69.37±7.72 mg gallic acid/g extract, respectively. The total flavonoid content was 53.04±5.22, 44.35±13.17, and 61.74±13.17 mg quercetin/g extract, respectively. Group A extracts contained polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, and cardiac glycosides. These biological properties can potentially be attributed to the types and quantities of phytochemicals present. Bioactive compounds in the extracts may exert synergistic effects in vitro by interfering with the conformational changes of tyrosinase during substrate binding. Both groups of extracts have the potential to suppress biomolecule degradation, promote antiaging and antimelasma effects, and their phytochemicals can help lower blood glucose levels in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawadee Patathananone
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 220, Thailand
| | - Mahinthorn Pothiwan
- Programme of Agricultural Business, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Boontida Uapipatanakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 220, Thailand
| | - Wuttisak Kunu
- Programme of Veterinary Technology and Veterinary Nursing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
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Ashrafi E, Mansourian M, Ebadi Fard Azar F, Rahideh ST, Ezadi B, Osmani F. Investigation of factors related to healthy eating behavior based on the developed theory of planned behavior in adolescents. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:274. [PMID: 37849886 PMCID: PMC10578556 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_904_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a complicated and sensitive period, and proper nutrition in this period of life can influence the quality and quantity of growth and maturity. The aim of the present study is to determine the factors associated with healthy eating behavior based on the developed theory of planned behavior in adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a descriptive-correlational study in which 400 female students of the first grade of high school in Bandar Anzali participated. Among the junior high schools in this city, two schools were randomly selected and sampling was done using census method. Data collection tool was Healthy Eating Behavior questionnaire based on Theory of Planned Behavior, which includes three sections of demographic information, constructs of Theory of Planned Behavior, including attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention, and food behavior, and food habits questionnaire. The scale was evaluated and confirmed by content validity ratio, content validity index, and alpha coefficient. P value was considered significant at less than 5%. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software 24, through linear regression and Pearson's correlation. RESULTS As shown by linear regression analysis, the developed theory of planned behavior is able to predict 26% of the variance of healthy eating behavior, and this predictive power is related to the constructs of behavioral intention, attitude, and habits. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, adding the variable of habits to the theory of planned behavior showed that this variable is very effective in predicting healthy eating behavior in adolescents, just like the constructs of behavioral intention and attitude. Therefore, it is suggested to carry out educational interventions based on the developed theory of planned behavior with the focus of the mentioned structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Ashrafi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mansourian
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyedeh Tayebeh Rahideh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Ezadi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Osmani
- Dental Clinical Research Development Unit, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Gupta A, Rana K, Gupta M, Kaur M, Khanna P. Effect of health promotion interventions on small portion size consumption behavior among college students. Indian J Public Health 2023; 67:435-441. [PMID: 37929387 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_103_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Large food portion size is contributing toward overweight and obesity rates and has been found directly proportional to increase in portion size. Objectives The study was done to see the effect of health promotion intervention on small portion size consumption behavior using multitheory model (MTM). Materials and Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted among students of age groups 18 - 21 years in two different colleges from North India between 2019 to 2020. About 150 participants in the intervention group as well as control group were selected and health promotion intervention in the form of motivational group counseling, one-to-one counseling, Power Point presentations, lectures, and messages were given to participants in intervention group. Difference in difference of proportions for meal consumption behavior and the difference in the difference of means for body mass index, waist-hip ratio and for constructs of MTM for portion size consumption behavior were calculated. Paired t-test was used to test the significance between the continuous variables. Results There was a significant reduction (46% vs. 11%, P < 0.001) in proportion of participants consuming large portion-sized meals in the intervention group as compared to the control group. The mean change in constructs (participatory dialogues,behavioral confidence, change in physical environment, emotional transformation and practice for change) for portion size consumption behavior of participants in the intervention and control groups at base line and end line was found statistically significant. Conclusion MTM is a useful tool for health promotion and health education to predict the initiation and sustenance of health behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Gupta
- Senior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Government Medical College and Hospital, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kirtan Rana
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manmeet Kaur
- Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Poonam Khanna
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Walia P, Kumari R, Singh M. Prevalence, Pattern, and Predictors of Ever Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Diabetes and Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Community Med 2023; 48:627-632. [PMID: 37662120 PMCID: PMC10470575 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_657_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have emerged as a pandemic globally and the situation is worse for developing nations. The four major NCDs that are responsible for a major proportion of mortality across the globe are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases, and diabetes. For a country with limited resources, an integrated approach toward the management of NCDs is of particular importance. Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are those health-care and medical practices that are not currently an integral part of conventional medicine system. This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence, pattern, and predictors of CAM use among patients with NCDs (diabetes, hypertension, or both). Materials and Methods A health-facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at different levels of government health-care facilities in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand. CAM categories included alternative medical systems, mind-body intervention, biologically based therapies, manipulative and body-based methods, and energy therapies. Additionally, jhaad phook/local healers were also included in our study. Results The study showed that 41% of all the study participants were ever users of CAM. While most of the users were practicing more than one type of CAM, the most common type of CAM practiced was alternative medicine system (83.3%) followed by mind-body medicine (40.2%). Except religion and place of residence of the study participant, no other factor showed a significant association with ever usage of CAM. Conclusion CAM use was popular among study participants as almost half of them were using/consuming it and alternative medicine system was the most common type of CAM practiced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Walia
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ranjeeta Kumari
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mahendra Singh
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Kundu J, James KS, Hossain B, Chakraborty R. Gender differences in premature mortality for cardiovascular disease in India, 2017-18. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:547. [PMID: 36949397 PMCID: PMC10035272 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study tries to provide a comprehensive estimate of gender differences in the years of life lost due to CVD across the major states of India during 2017-18. METHODS The information on the CVD related data were collected from medical certification of causes of death (MCCD reports, 2018). Apart from this, information from census of India (2001, 2011), SRS (2018) were also used to estimate YLL. To understand the variation in YLL due to CVD at the state level, nine sets of covariates were chosen: share of elderly population, percentage of urban population, literacy rate, health expenditure, social sector expenditure, labour force participation, HDI Score and co-existence of other NCDs such as diabetes, & obesity. The absolute number of YLL and YLL rates were calculated. Further, Pearson's correlation had been calculated and to understand the effect of explanatory variables on YLL due to CVD, multiple linear regression analysis had been applied. RESULTS Men have a higher burden of premature mortality in terms of Years of life lost (YLL) due to CVD than women in India, with pronounced differences at adult ages of 50-54 years and over. The age pattern of YLL rate suggests that the age group 85 + makes the highest contribution to the overall YLL rate due to CVD. YLL rate showed a J-shaped relationship with age, starting high at ages below 1 years, dropping to their lowest among children aged 1-4 years, and rising again to highest levels at 85 + years among both men and women. In all the states except Bihar men had higher estimated YLL due to CVD for all ages than women. Among men the YLL due to CVD was higher in Tamil Nadu followed by Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. On the other hand, the YLL due to CVD among men was lowest in Jharkhand followed by Assam. Similarly, among women the YLL due to CVD was highest in Tamil Nadu followed by Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. While, the YLL due to CVD among women was lowest in Jharkhand. Irrespective of gender, all factors except state health expenditure were positively linked with YLL due to CVD, i.e., as state health expenditure increases, the years of life lost (YLL) due to CVDs falls. Among all the covariates, the proportion of a state's elderly population emerges as the most significant predictor variable for YLL for CVDs (r = 0.42 for men and r = 0.50 for women). CONCLUSION YLL due to cardiovascular disease varies among men and women across the states of India. The state-specific findings of gender differences in years of life lost due to CVD may be used to improve policies and programmes in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhumki Kundu
- International Institute for Population Sciences, 400088, Mumbai, India
| | - K S James
- International Institute for Population Sciences, 400088, Mumbai, India
| | - Babul Hossain
- International Institute for Population Sciences, 400088, Mumbai, India.
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Anjana RM, Deepa M, Pradeepa R. The ICMR-INDIAB Study: Results from the National Study on Diabetes in India. J Indian Inst Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-023-00359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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13
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Medicinal plants used by rural Thai people to treat non-communicable diseases and related symptoms. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12758. [PMID: 36685400 PMCID: PMC9850000 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are becoming more common in remote regions, whereas previously they were more common in middle-class to wealthy societies. The rising prevalence and severity of NCDs has increased the demand for medical innovation in this space. In this regard, knowledge of traditional medicines used in the treatment of NCDs, by people in the remote communities of Thailand, represents an innovation opportunity. This study aims to use data on ethnomedicinal plants used by local Thai people to identify plant candidates for study of safety and efficacy against a range of specified NCDs. Data were taken from both the literature and interviews from 230 locations in Thailand. The consulted literature was published in the years from 1990 to 2020. Ethnomedicinal field observations were made in person, in villages in Nan and Chiang Rai provinces, in 2021. Data includes names of plants used to target NCDs, and names of target diseases. Important plant species were identified based on the number of use reports and use values together with results from Bayesian approach. A total of 766 plant species were recorded in the treatment of NCDs. Most of the species that were described by informants were used to target diabetes, hypertension, chronic respiratory and renal diseases. This study proposes several plant species that have potential as treatments against NCDs. Many of these important species have insufficient scientific data to support their uses. The study suggests that assessment of efficacy and safety should be the next logical steps.
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Application of Nanoparticles: Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Delivery of Insulin/Anti-Diabetic Drugs to Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of Diabetes Mellitus. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122078. [PMID: 36556443 PMCID: PMC9783843 DOI: 10.3390/life12122078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins due to a deficiency of insulin secretion or failure to respond to insulin secreted from pancreatic cells, which leads to high blood glucose levels. DM is one of the top four noncommunicable diseases and causes of death worldwide. Even though great achievements were made in the management and treatment of DM, there are still certain limitations, mainly related to the early diagnosis, and lack of appropriate delivery of insulin and other anti-diabetic agents. Nanotechnology is an emerging field in the area of nanomedicine and NP based anti-diabetic agent delivery is reported to enhance efficacy by increasing bioavailability and target site accumulation. Moreover, theranostic NPs can be used as diagnostic tools for the early detection and prevention of diseases owing to their unique biological, physiochemical, and magnetic properties. NPs have been synthesized from a variety of organic and inorganic materials including polysaccharides, dendrimers, proteins, lipids, DNA, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and mesoporous materials within the nanoscale size. This review focuses on the role of NPs, derived from organic and inorganic materials, in the diagnosis and treatment of DM.
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15
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Banovic M, Poglajen G, Vrtovec B, Ristic A. Contemporary Challenges of Regenerative Therapy in Patients with Ischemic and Non-Ischemic Heart Failure. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9120429. [PMID: 36547426 PMCID: PMC9783726 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9120429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It has now been almost 20 years since first clinical trials of stem cell therapy for heart repair were initiated. While initial preclinical data were promising and suggested that stem cells may be able to directly restore a diseased myocardium, this was never unequivocally confirmed in the clinical setting. Clinical trials of cell therapy did show the process to be feasible and safe. However, the clinical benefits of this treatment modality in patients with ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure have not been consistently confirmed. What is more, in the rapidly developing field of stem cell therapy in patients with heart failure, relevant questions regarding clinical trials' protocol streamlining, optimal patient selection, stem cell type and dose, and the mode of cell delivery remain largely unanswered. Recently, novel approaches to myocardial regeneration, including the use of pluripotent and allogeneic stem cells and cell-free therapeutic approaches, have been proposed. Thus, in this review, we aim to outline current knowledge and highlight contemporary challenges and dilemmas in clinical aspects of stem cell and regenerative therapy in patients with chronic ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Banovic
- Cardiology Department, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Beograd, Serbia
- Belgrade Medical School, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Gregor Poglajen
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplantation Center, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Bojan Vrtovec
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplantation Center, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Arsen Ristic
- Cardiology Department, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Beograd, Serbia
- Belgrade Medical School, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Mkolo NM, Olaokun OO, King PH, Janse van Rensburg I, Eloff JN, Naidoo V. Verification of the folkloric and anecdotal antidiabetic effects of Hypoxis hemerocallidea (Fisch., C.A. Mey. & Avé-Lall) and isolated, β-sitosterol using early-stage type II spontaneous diabetic mutant BKS-Leprdb mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:163. [PMID: 35725532 PMCID: PMC9208228 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies in our laboratory in ex vivo assays have demonstrated H. hemerocallidea extract as potential antidiabetic agent through increased insulin release from pancreatic beta cells. Thus, for this study the early stage type II spontaneous diabetic mutant mice model was used to evaluate and determine the degree of the antidiabetic efficacy of H. hemerocallidea. Methods Eight-weeks-old type II spontaneous pre-diabetic mutant BKS-Leprdb mice were fed with feed supplemented with either H. hemerocallidea extract, isolated compound (β-sitosterol) or chlorpropamide (positive control) for 4 weeks. The haematological parameters, clinical chemistry, glucose tolerance, feed intake, faecal output and body weights were measured. Results The blood glucose concentrations of all the animals treated with plant extract, β-sitosterol compound and non-treated pre-diabetic animals did not return to baseline levels. Only the β-sitosterol treatment and positive control groups resulted in a respective small decrease of 5.8 and 5.2% in the mouse weights over the study period, with no significant changes (p > 0.05) in food intake. However, there was a general trend for decrease in faecal output for all the groups. Albumin, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels in β-sitosterol and chlorpropamide-treated animals were lower, relative to untreated-animals. Animals fed with plant extract showed large amounts of internal fat. There were no significant changes (p > 0.05) in total serum protein, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea nitrogen and creatinine attributed to administration of treatments. In all groups, some animals showed lesions associated with cardiac puncture. Few animals except animals treated with plant extract, showed presence of a left-ventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The liver and kidneys for all groups appeared macroscopically normal and the thymuses were small (±2 mg). There were pathological signs in some of the animals particularly in myocardial fibres, renal tubular, glomerular, hepatocyte granularity and pancreas islets. However, there was no significance trend between the groups. Conclusion Based on the results, none of the treatments could be considered highly effective for the management of type II pre-diabetes as sole therapeutic intervention. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03640-y.
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17
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Mukong AK. Estimating the Health Effect of Cigarette Smoking Duration in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13005. [PMID: 36293583 PMCID: PMC9602002 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper deepens the empirical analysis of the health effects of smoking by using the average treatment effect on the treated (ATET) and regression discontinuity design (RDD) to estimate the impact of smoking duration on health. The paper estimates the effect of cigarette smoking on health, that is, the exogenous increase in the probability of smoking-related ill health when individuals smoke up to a certain number of years. Using the National Income Dynamic survey (NIDS), the study finds that the probability of reporting poor health and/or suffering smoking-related diseases increases with the years of smoking. The magnitude of the effect is higher when smoking-related diseases rather than self-assessed health is considered but varies across time, socioeconomic status, and with different health outcomes. The effects are robust under several different parametric and non-parametric models. Using RDD, the paper also finds evidence of a discrete jump in poor health when individuals smoke up to 30 years. The results suggest that policies that are designed to reduce current levels of cigarette smoking may have a desirable impact and can create both current and future public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Kechia Mukong
- Department of Economics, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 13301, Namibia
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18
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Murwanashyaka JDD, Ndagijimana A, Biracyaza E, Sunday FX, Umugwaneza M. Non-adherence to medication and associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients at Clinique Medicale Fraternite, Rwanda: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:219. [PMID: 36045370 PMCID: PMC9434831 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 Diabetes Miletus (T2DM) is a public health burdens that alarmingly increases and leads to morbidity and mortality over the last decades globally. Its management is multifaceted and adherence to diabetic medications plays great roles in life of T2DM patients. But epidemiology on adherence and its associated factors remain unknown in Rwanda. Therefore, this study determined the extent of non-adherence and its predictors among T2DM patients seeking healthcare services at the Clinique Medicale la Fraternite. METHODS A cross-sectional study among 200 adults' patients with T2DM receiving care in the Medicale la Fraternite clinic was investigated. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed based on odds ratio employed to examine associated predictors of non-adherence. The cut-off value for all statistical significances tests were considered at p < 0.05 with 95% for the confidence intervals. RESULTS Overall, more than a half of T2DM patients (53.5%) had poor medication adherence. Being females [OR = 2.1, 95%CI(1.13-3.71), p = 0.002], consuming anti-diabetic drugs for 4-10 years [OR = 2.18, 95%CI(1.09-4.34), p = 0.027], experiencing poor communication with healthcare providers [OR = 2.4; 95%CI (1.36-4.25), p = 0.003] and being perceived as burden of the family [OR = 5.8; 95%CI(1.3-25.7), p < 0.021] had higher odds of non-adherence to anti-diabetic medications. Those with poor HbA1C [OR = 4.26; 95%CI(1.7-10.67), p = 0.002] had 4.26 times higher odds to be non-adherent compared to those with good HbA1C. Respondents with primary [OR = 3.56; 95%CI (1.12-11.28), p = 0.031] and secondary education [OR = 2.96; 95%CI (1.11-7.87), p = 0.03] were more likely to be non-adherent than those with informal education respectively. Those with normal BMI [OR = 5.17; 95%CI(1.63-16.37), p = 0.005] and those with overweight or obese [OR = 3.6; 95%CI (1.04-9.1), p < 0.02] had higher odds of being non-adherent than those with underweight. CONCLUSION Sex, glycaemia, communication with healthcare providers, education and gycosylated hemoglobin were the major predictors of non-adherence. Interventions for tackling this problem through bringing together efforts to stem this epidemic and controlling predictors of non-adherence are urgently recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean de Dieu Murwanashyaka
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | - Albert Ndagijimana
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Emmanuel Biracyaza
- Programme of Sociotherapy, Prison Fellowship Rwanda (PFR), Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Maryse Umugwaneza
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
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Van Wilder L, Devleesschauwer B, Clays E, Pype P, Vandepitte S, De Smedt D. Polypharmacy and Health-Related Quality of Life/Psychological Distress Among Patients With Chronic Disease. Prev Chronic Dis 2022; 19:E50. [PMID: 35980834 PMCID: PMC9390791 DOI: 10.5888/pcd19.220062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To date, no study has investigated the impact of polypharmacy (use of ≥5 medications concurrently) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and psychological distress in a combined sample of chronic disease patients and patients with multimorbidity, using diverse HRQOL measures. This study aimed to explore the association between polypharmacy and HRQOL/psychological distress by using data from a cross-sectional study in Flanders (Belgium). Methods We analyzed cross-sectional survey data on 544 chronically ill patients recruited from June 2019 through June 2021. HRQOL was measured with the EuroQol-5 Dimension-5 Level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12); psychological distress was measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multiple linear regression models were built to assess the association between polypharmacy and HRQOL/psychological distress. Results Overall, compared with patients without polypharmacy, patients with polypharmacy reported worse EQ-5D-5L index values, EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) scores, SF-12 physical component scores (PCS), SF-12 mental component scores (MCS), and HADS anxiety and depression subscales. In the final regression model adjusting for age, sex, educational attainment, and multimorbidity, polypharmacy remained significantly associated with lower HRQOL in terms of the EQ-5D-5L index (β = −0.12; P = .008), EQ-VAS (β = −0.11; P = .01), and SF-12 PCS (β = −0.15; P = .002) but not with psychological distress (HADS) and SF-12 MCS. Conclusion This study found that polypharmacy was negatively associated with the physical domain of HRQOL, but not with the mental domain, among patients with chronic diseases. These results may be especially important for patients with multimorbidity, given their greater risk of polypharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Van Wilder
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 4K3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Pype
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Vandepitte
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delphine De Smedt
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Storz MA. What makes a plant-based diet? a review of current concepts and proposal for a standardized plant-based dietary intervention checklist. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:789-800. [PMID: 34675405 PMCID: PMC9187516 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Within the last decades, plant-based diets have received increasing interest for their potential benefits to human and environmental health. The concept of plant-based diet, however, varies widely in its definition. Current definitions range from the exclusion of all animal products to diets that include meat, fish, and dairy in varying quantities. Therefore, the main objectives of this review were twofold: (a) to investigate how researchers use the term plant-based diet in nutrition intervention studies and (b) what types of food a plant-based diet may include. Searching two databases, we found that the term "plant-based diet" evokes varying ideas to researchers and clinicians. Fifty percent of the retrieved studies that included a plant-based dietary intervention completely proscribed animal products and used the term plant-based diet interchangeably with a vegan diet. In contrast, an ~33% of trials included dairy products and 20% of dietary interventions emphasized a semi-vegetarian dietary pattern. Based on specific examples, we point out how the usage of the umbrella term "plant-based diet" may cause significant ambiguity. We often encountered incomplete descriptions of plant-based dietary interventions, which makes comparison and reproducibility of studies difficult. As a consequence, we urge others to use the term "plant-based diet" only in conjunction with a detailed dietary description. To facilitate this process, we provide a template of a standardized plant-based intervention reporting checklist. Finally, the present review also highlights the urgent need for a consensus definition of the term plant-based diet and its content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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21
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Kazembe LN, Nickanor N, Crush J. Food Insecurity, Dietary Patterns, and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Windhoek, Namibia. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2021.1901822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence N. Kazembe
- Department of Statistics and Population Studies, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Ndeyapo Nickanor
- Department of Statistics and Population Studies, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Jonathan Crush
- Balsillie School of International Affairs, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
- Department of Geography, Environmental Studies & Tourism, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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22
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Deveci M, Krishankumar R, Gokasar I, Tuna Deveci R. Prioritization of healthcare systems during pandemics using Cronbach's measure based fuzzy WASPAS approach. ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH 2022; 328:1-29. [PMID: 35531560 PMCID: PMC9062871 DOI: 10.1007/s10479-022-04714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pandemics are well-known as epidemics that spread globally and cause many illnesses and mortality. Because of globalization, the accelerated occurrence and circulation of new microbes, the infection has emerged and the incidence and movement of new microbes have sped up. Using technological devices to minimize the visit durations, specifying days for handling chronic diseases, subsidy for the staff are the alternatives that can help prevent healthcare systems from collapsing during pandemics. The study aims to define the efficient usage of optimization tools during pandemics to prevent healthcare systems from collapsing. In this study, a new integrated framework with fuzzy information is developed, which attempts to prioritize these alternatives for policymakers. First, rating data are assigned respective fuzzy values using the standard singleton grades. Later, criteria weights are determined by extending Cronbach´s measure to fuzzy context. The measure not only understands data consistency comprehensively, but also takes into consideration the attitudinal characteristics of experts. By this approach, a rational weight vector is obtained for decision-making. Further, an improved Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) algorithm is put forward for ranking alternatives, which is flexibly considering criteria along with personalized ordering and holistic ordering alternatives. The usefulness of the developed framework is tested with the help of a real case study. Rank values of alternatives when unbiased weights are used is given by 0.741, 0.582, 0.640 with ordering asR 1 ≻ R 3 ≻ R 2 . The sensitivity/comparative analysis reveals the impact of the proposed model as useful in selecting the best alternative for the healthcare systems during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Deveci
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Turkish Naval Academy, National Defence University, 34940 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Raghunathan Krishankumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineeering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, TN India
| | - Ilgin Gokasar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Tuna Deveci
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Topkapı, Istanbul, Turkey
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Nomatshila SC, Apalata TR, Mabunda SA. Perceptions and knowledge of school management teams about non-communicable diseases and strategies to prevent them. Health SA 2022; 27:1781. [PMID: 35281281 PMCID: PMC8905376 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v27i0.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2016, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were reported to be responsible for 41 million of the world’s 57 million deaths. These deaths were reported to be associated with modifiable lifestyle behaviours, such as tobacco smoking, poor physical activity and diets of poor nutritional value. There could be a knowledge gap on NCD risk factors amongst non-health professionals. Knowledge of NCDs is, therefore, important for the implementation of preventive measures to onset of NCDs. Aim This study aimed at describing perceptions and knowledge of school management teams about NCDs and strategies to prevent them. Setting This study was conducted in Mt Frere, South Africa. Methods This explorative qualitative study using a phenomenological data collection approach was conducted amongst purposively selected school authorities in 2016–2017 to understand their perceptions and knowledge about NCDs and what can be performed to prevent them. Two focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted using open-ended and unstructured questions guided by interview schedule. Tesch’s eight phases of thematic analysis approach was used to analyse narrative data resulting in two main themes and nine subthemes. Results Two themes (understanding and prevention of NCDs, and control measures for NCDs) and nine sub-themes emerged from the data analysis. Inconsistent description of NCDs, its causes and controls were identified amongst school management teams in the FGD. Diet, poverty, societal factors, gaps between decision makers and communities, and poor policy implementation were identified by participants as major issues in the development of NCDs. Conclusion There was no adequate knowledge on NCDs amongst the school management team participants. Improved visibility of health promotion personnel is needed to ensure community empowerment on NCDs prevention. Contribution The findings in this study will help in closing the gaps in the implementation of preventive health services for NCDs within school health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibusiso C Nomatshila
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Teke R Apalata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Sikhumbuzo A Mabunda
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Tanwar S, Paidi SK, Prasad R, Pandey R, Barman I. Advancing Raman spectroscopy from research to clinic: Translational potential and challenges. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 260:119957. [PMID: 34082350 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a non-invasive and versatile diagnostic technique due to its ability to provide molecule-specific information with ultrahigh sensitivity at near-physiological conditions. Despite exhibiting substantial potential, its translation from optical bench to clinical settings has been impacted by associated limitations. This perspective discusses recent clinical and biomedical applications of Raman spectroscopy and technological advancements that provide valuable insights and encouragement for resolving some of the most challenging hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Tanwar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Santosh Kumar Paidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar 845401, India
| | - Rishikesh Pandey
- CytoVeris Inc., Farmington, CT 06032, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
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25
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Kidane YS, Ziegler S, Keck V, Benson-Martin J, Jahn A, Gebresilassie T, Beiersmann C. Eritrean Refugees' and Asylum-Seekers' Attitude towards and Access to Oral Healthcare in Heidelberg, Germany: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11559. [PMID: 34770072 PMCID: PMC8583548 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral health concerns in Eritrean refugees have been an overlooked subject. This qualitative study explored the access of Eritrean refugees and asylum-seekers (ERNRAS) to oral health care services in Heidelberg, Germany, as well as their perceptions and attitudes towards oral health care. It involved 25 participants. We employed online semi-structured interviews (n = 15) and focus group discussions (n = 2). The data was recorded, transcribed, and analysed, using thematic analysis. The study found out that most of the participants have a relatively realistic perception and understanding of oral health. However, they have poor dental care practices, whilst a few have certain misconceptions of the conventional oral hygiene tools. Along with the majority's concerns regarding psychosocial attributes of poor oral health, some participants are routinely consuming Berbere (a traditional spice-blended pepper) to prevent bad breath. Structural or supply-side barriers to oral healthcare services included: communication hurdles; difficulty in identifying and navigating the German health system; gaps in transculturally, professionally, and communicationally competent oral health professionals; cost of dental treatment; entitlement issues (asylum-seekers); and appointment mechanisms. Individual or demand-side barriers comprised: lack of self-sufficiency; issue related to dental care beliefs, trust, and expectation from dentists; negligence and lack of adherence to dental treatment follow-up; and fear or apprehension of dental treatment. To address the oral health burdens of ERNRAS, it is advised to consider oral health education, language-specific, inclusive, and culturally and professionally appropriate healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Semere Kidane
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Y.S.K.); (V.K.); (J.B.-M.); (T.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Sandra Ziegler
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Y.S.K.); (V.K.); (J.B.-M.); (T.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Verena Keck
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Y.S.K.); (V.K.); (J.B.-M.); (T.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Janine Benson-Martin
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Y.S.K.); (V.K.); (J.B.-M.); (T.G.); (C.B.)
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, Section Health Equity Studies & Migration, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.Z.)
| | - Albrecht Jahn
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Y.S.K.); (V.K.); (J.B.-M.); (T.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Temesghen Gebresilassie
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Y.S.K.); (V.K.); (J.B.-M.); (T.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Claudia Beiersmann
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Y.S.K.); (V.K.); (J.B.-M.); (T.G.); (C.B.)
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26
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Williams M. Improving Translational Paradigms in Drug Discovery and Development. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e273. [PMID: 34780124 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite improved knowledge regarding disease causality, new drug targets, and enabling technologies, the attrition rate for compounds entering clinical trials has remained consistently high for several decades, with an average 90% failure rate. These failures are manifested in an inability to reproduce efficacy findings from animal models in humans and/or the occurrence of unexpected safety issues, and reflect failures in T1 translation. Similarly, an inability to sequentially demonstrate compound efficacy and safety in Phase IIa, IIb, and III clinical trials represents failures in T2 translation. Accordingly, T1 and T2 translation are colloquially termed 'valleys of death'. Since T2 translation dealt almost exclusively with clinical trials, T3 and T4 translational steps were added, with the former focused on facilitating interactions between laboratory- and population-based research and the latter on 'real world' health outcomes. Factors that potentially lead to T1/T2 compound attrition include: the absence of biomarkers to allow compound effects to be consistently tracked through development; a lack of integration/'de-siloing' of the diverse discipline-based and technical skill sets involved in drug discovery; the industrialization of drug discovery, which via volume-based goals often results in quantity being prioritized over quality; inadequate project governance and strategic oversight; and flawed decision making based on unreliable/irreproducible or incomplete data. A variety of initiatives have addressed this problem, including the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), which has focused on bringing an unbiased academic perspective to translation, to potentially revitalize the process. This commentary provides an overview of the basic concepts involved in translation, along with suggested changes in the conduct of biomedical research to avoid valleys of death, including the use of Translational Scoring as a tool to avoid translational attrition and the impact of the FDA Accelerated Approval Pathway in lowering the hurdle for drug approval. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Williams
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Yamada S, Bartunek J, Behfar A, Terzic A. Mass Customized Outlook for Regenerative Heart Failure Care. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11394. [PMID: 34768825 PMCID: PMC8583673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure pathobiology is permissive to reparative intent. Regenerative therapies exemplify an emerging disruptive innovation aimed at achieving structural and functional organ restitution. However, mixed outcomes, complexity in use, and unsustainable cost have curtailed broader adoption, mandating the development of novel cardio-regenerative approaches. Lineage guidance offers a standardized path to customize stem cell fitness for therapy. A case in point is the molecular induction of the cardiopoiesis program in adult stem cells to yield cardiopoietic cell derivatives designed for heart failure treatment. Tested in early and advanced clinical trials in patients with ischemic heart failure, clinical grade cardiopoietic cells were safe and revealed therapeutic improvement within a window of treatment intensity and pre-treatment disease severity. With the prospect of mass customization, cardiopoietic guidance has been streamlined from the demanding, recombinant protein cocktail-based to a protein-free, messenger RNA-based single gene protocol to engineer affordable cardiac repair competent cells. Clinical trial biobanked stem cells enabled a systems biology deconvolution of the cardiopoietic cell secretome linked to therapeutic benefit, exposing a paracrine mode of action. Collectively, this new knowledge informs next generation regenerative therapeutics manufactured as engineered cellular or secretome mimicking cell-free platforms. Launching biotherapeutics tailored for optimal outcome and offered at mass production cost would contribute to advancing equitable regenerative care that addresses population health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satsuki Yamada
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Family Comprehensive Cardiac Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.Y.); (A.B.)
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jozef Bartunek
- Cardiovascular Center, OLV Hospital, 9300 Aalst, Belgium
| | - Atta Behfar
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Family Comprehensive Cardiac Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.Y.); (A.B.)
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Family Comprehensive Cardiac Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.Y.); (A.B.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Garmany A, Yamada S, Terzic A. Longevity leap: mind the healthspan gap. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:57. [PMID: 34556664 PMCID: PMC8460831 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy has increased by three decades since the mid-twentieth century. Parallel healthspan expansion has however not followed, largely impeded by the pandemic of chronic diseases afflicting a growing older population. The lag in quality of life is a recognized challenge that calls for prioritization of disease-free longevity. Contemporary communal, clinical and research trends aspiring to extend the health horizon are here outlined in the context of an evolving epidemiology. A shared action integrating public and societal endeavors with emerging interventions that target age-related multimorbidity and frailty is needed. A multidimensional buildout of a curative perspective, boosted by modern anti-senescent and regenerative technology with augmented decision making, would require dedicated resources and cost-effective validation to responsibly bridge the healthspan-lifespan gap for a future of equitable global wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Garmany
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Family Comprehensive Cardiac Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Regenerative Sciences Track, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Satsuki Yamada
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Family Comprehensive Cardiac Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Family Comprehensive Cardiac Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Kang Y, Hur Y. Health capacity building for middle-aged Laotian women with a risk of metabolic syndrome through a non-communicable disease prevention program. Health Care Women Int 2021; 43:1218-1233. [PMID: 34427549 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2021.1958819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the researchers were to develop an NCD prevention program including training for professionals who implement such programs, and to evaluate its effects on diabetes mellitus knowledge, hypertension knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-care in community-dwelling, middle-aged Laotian women. The study design was a randomized controlled trial. The study sample was composed of Laotian women aged 40 to 59 years living in Vientiane, Laos who fulfilled more than one diagnostic criterion for metabolic syndrome. This study provides a guide for low- and middle-income countries to develop future health capacity building programs for NCD prevention in middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younhee Kang
- Division of Nursing, College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yujin Hur
- Division of Nursing, College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.,Graduate Program in System Health and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Wu W, Li D, Feng X, Zhao F, Li C, Zheng S, Lyu J. A pan-cancer study of selenoprotein genes as promising targets for cancer therapy. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:78. [PMID: 33706760 PMCID: PMC7948377 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most important health benefit of selenium (Se) is in the prevention and control of cancer. Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) and thioredoxin reductases (TXNRDs) are selenoenzymes that are thought to play a role in oxidative stress. The differential expression of genes of the TXNRD and GPX families is closely related to carcinogenesis and the occurrence of cancer. This study comprehensively analyzed the expression profiles of seven genes in the TXNRD and GPX families, in terms of their correlations with patient survival and immune-cell subtypes, tumor microenvironment, and drug sensitivity. RESULTS The expression profiles of genes in the TXNRD and GPX families differ between different types of cancer, and also between and within individual cancer cases. The expression levels of the seven analyzed genes are related to the overall survival of patients. The TXNRD1 and TXNRD3 genes are mainly related to poor prognoses, while other genes are related to good or poor prognoses depending on the type of cancer. All of the genes were found to be correlated to varying degrees with immune-cell subtypes, level of mechanistic cell infiltration, and tumor cell stemness. The TXNRD1, GPX1, and GPX2 genes may exert dual effects in tumor mutagenesis and development, while the TXNRD1, GPX1, GPX2, and GPX3 genes were found to be related to drug sensitivity or the formation of drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS The results will greatly help in identifying the association between genes and tumorigenesis, especially in the immune response, tumor microenvironment, and drug resistance, and very important when attempting to identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daning Li
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Feng
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanfan Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengzhuo Li
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Whampoa Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Nurses' Experiences in Managing Cardiovascular Disease in Selected Rural and Peri-Urban Clinics in Limpopo Province, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052570. [PMID: 33806589 PMCID: PMC7967373 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for 60% of all deaths that occur in rural and remote areas. Disease management programs are increasingly used to improve the effectiveness of chronic care. Nurses are a key component of the health workforce and have an important role to play in CVD prevention, treatment, and the care of sick people in remote areas. Due to the nature of their work, nurses are prone to working hard, and to experience burnout, sleep, or eating disorders. This is often exacerbated by a shortage of staff and equipment. The objectives of the study were to explore and describe the experiences of professional nurses in managing CVDs in South African rural and peri-urban clinics. A qualitative, explorative-descriptive design and a contextual research approach were adopted for the present study. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit nurses who were managing patients with CVD from 11 primary health care facilities. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews and analyzed using Tesch's open coding method. Interview transcripts were coded and analyzed for common themes. The following two major themes emerged from the data: perceived institutional challenges affecting the management of CVDs and nurses' perceptions of patient challenges that impede the effective management of CVD. The study concludes by highlighting that apart from a resource challenge, the shortage of nurses in rural clinics is the biggest reason behind overcrowding, waiting long hours for consultations, and an increase in the workload, resulting in medical errors and poor quality care. It is, therefore, recommended that, for improved care and management of CVD in rural populations, local governments need to employ more skilled nurses whilst availing the necessary material resources.
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Yamada S, Behfar A, Terzic A. Regenerative medicine clinical readiness. Regen Med 2021; 16:309-322. [PMID: 33622049 PMCID: PMC8050983 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, poised to transform 21st century healthcare, has aspired to enrich care options by bringing cures to patients in need. Science-driven responsible and regulated translation of innovative technology has enabled the launch of previously unimaginable care pathways adopted prudently for select serious diseases and disabilities. The collective resolve to advance the design, manufacture and validity of affordable regenerative solutions aims to democratize such health benefits for all. The objective of this Review is to outline the framework and prerequisites that underpin clinical readiness of regenerative care. Integrated research and development, specialized workforce education and accessible evidence-based practice implementation are at the core of realizing an equitable regenerative medicine vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satsuki Yamada
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine & Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
| | - Atta Behfar
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
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Alghamdi RA, Al-Zahrani MH, Balgoon MJ, Alkhattabi NA. Prevalence of ApoB100 rs693 gene polymorphism in metabolic syndrome among female students at King Abdulaziz University. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3249-3253. [PMID: 34121862 PMCID: PMC8176044 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) is a glycoprotein and a member of the adipokine family. It plays a central role in lipoprotein metabolism. Many research studies have revealed a strong relation between ApoB100 and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance. In our research, we examined the relationship between ApoB100 rs693 gene polymorphism, body mass index (BMI) and the probability of MetS in young female students studying at King Abdulaziz University (KAU) in Saudi Arabia. The study group comprised 141 females whose ages ranged from 18 to 25 years. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters were measured alongside a genetic analysis of ApoB100 rs693. The BMI, glucose concentration and total cholesterol level were found to be significantly associated with the ApoB100 rs693 gene. The differences noted between control and MetS groups regarding glucose concentrations were statistically significant (P = 0.001). A growing number of young females are being diagnosed with MetS in KAU because of unhealthy eating habits, in combination with the absence of physical exercise, causing increased body weight and the potential progression of chronic diseases. Our study showed that the allele associated with hypertensive individuals at ApoB100 rs693 and MetS may have a direct genetic influence. Further research on expanded sample sizes, however, is required in order to draw rigid conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Alghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Arts College, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam H Al-Zahrani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha J Balgoon
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuha A Alkhattabi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Wyles SP, Monie DD, Paradise CR, Meyer FB, Hayden RE, Terzic A. Emerging workforce readiness in regenerative healthcare. Regen Med 2021; 16:197-206. [PMID: 33622054 PMCID: PMC8656339 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biology of regenerative medicine has steadily matured, providing the foundation for randomized clinical trials and translation into validated applications. Today, the growing regenerative armamentarium is poised to impact disease management, yet a gap in training next-generation healthcare providers, equipped to adopt and deliver regenerative options, has been exposed. This special report highlights a multiyear experience in developing and deploying a comprehensive regenerative curriculum for medical trainees. For academicians and institutions invested in establishing a formalized regenerative medicine syllabus, the Regenerative Medicine and Surgery course provides a patient-focused prototype for next-generation learners, offering a dedicated educational experience that encompasses discovery, development and delivery of regenerative solutions. Built with the vision of an evolving regenerative care model, this transdisciplinary endeavor could serve as an adoptable education portal to advance the readiness of the emergent regenerative healthcare workforce globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya P Wyles
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dileep D Monie
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Fredric B Meyer
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Richard E Hayden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Boachie MK, Rossouw L, Ross H. The Economic Cost of Smoking in South Africa, 2016. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:286-293. [PMID: 32832993 PMCID: PMC7822111 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic, noncommunicable diseases are on the rise globally, with tobacco consumption being an important contributing risk factor. These increases result in significant economic costs due to increased healthcare costs, productive lives lost, and productive days lost due to illness. Estimates of these economic costs are scarce in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS Drawing on a diverse range of data sources, direct healthcare costs, and productivity losses due to illness and premature deaths were estimated using the cost-of-illness approach. The present value of lifetime earnings was used to estimate productivity losses from premature deaths. RESULTS We estimate that 25 708 deaths among persons aged 35-74 in 2016 are smoking-attributable. The economic cost of smoking was R42 billion (US$2.88 billion), of which R14.48 billion was for healthcare costs (hospitalization and outpatient department visits). The economic cost of smoking amounted to 0.97% of the South African GDP in 2016, while the healthcare cost of smoking-related diseases was 4.1% of total South African health expenditure. The costs are lower for women because of their lower smoking prevalence. CONCLUSION The economic burden of smoking calls for a further scaling-up of tobacco-control interventions in South Africa. IMPLICATIONS This article addresses the paucity of research on the detailed economic costs of smoking in low-and middle-income countries, including South Africa. Our calculations, based on an extensive range of recent data, provide the most detailed estimate to date and include quantification of the direct and indirect costs of smoking in South Africa. We found that the magnitude of the costs related to smoking in South Africa is larger than in the previous estimates and that for every Rand received in the form of cigarette tax, society loses 3.43 Rands. This article provides an economic case for evidence-based tobacco control in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheal Kofi Boachie
- Research Unit on the Economics of Excisable Products (REEP), School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Laura Rossouw
- School of Economics and Finance, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hana Ross
- Research Unit on the Economics of Excisable Products (REEP), School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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Sahre MD, Milligan L, Madabushi R, Graham RA, Reynolds KS, Terzic A, Benjamin J, Burckart GJ, Huang SM, Schuck R, Thompson AM, Zineh I. Evaluating Patients With Impaired Renal Function During Drug Development: Highlights From the 2019 US FDA Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Pharmacology Advisory Committee Meeting. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 110:285-288. [PMID: 33411946 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Patients with multiple chronic conditions, including more advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), are often excluded from clinical trials, creating challenges in deriving appropriate dosing information and labeling. This article summarizes the May 7, 2019, US Food and Drug Administration Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Pharmacology Advisory Committee Meeting, which solicited expert opinions on how to enroll patients with more advanced CKD into clinical trials as well as the assumptions behind and different approaches of exposure-matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina D Sahre
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren Milligan
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Madabushi
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard A Graham
- Theravance Biopharma US, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kellie S Reynolds
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jessica Benjamin
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Gilbert J Burckart
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Shiew-Mei Huang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Schuck
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Aliza M Thompson
- Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Issam Zineh
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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The Globalization of Diverticulitis: A "Tic"-ing Time Bomb? Dis Colon Rectum 2021; 64:7-9. [PMID: 33306524 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000001832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Terzic
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Cohort profile: The Chikwawa lung health cohort; a population-based observational non-communicable respiratory disease study of adults in Malawi. PLoS One 2020. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242226
expr 968654662 + 861456751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this article is to provide a detailed description of the Chikwawa lung health cohort which was established in rural Malawi to prospectively determine the prevalence and causes of lung disease amongst the general population of adults living in a low-income rural setting in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Participants
A total of 1481 participants were randomly identified and recruited in 2014 for the baseline study. We collected data on demographic, socio-economic status, respiratory symptoms and potentially relevant exposures such as smoking, household fuels, environmental exposures, occupational history/exposures, dietary intake, healthcare utilization, cost (medication, outpatient visits and inpatient admissions) and productivity losses. Spirometry was performed to assess lung function. At baseline, 56.9% of the participants were female, mean age was 43.8 (SD:17.8) and mean body mass index (BMI) was 21.6 Kg/m2 (SD: 3.46)
Findings to date
The cohort has reported the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms (13.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.9–15.4), spirometric obstruction (8.7%, 95% CI, 7.0–10.7), and spirometric restriction (34.8%, 95% CI, 31.7–38.0). Additionally, an annual decline in forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] of 30.9mL/year (95% CI: 21.6 to 40.1) and forced vital capacity [FVC] by 38.3 mL/year (95% CI: 28.5 to 48.1) has been reported.
Future plans
The ongoing phases of follow-up will determine the annual rate of decline in lung function as measured through spirometry and the development of airflow obstruction and restriction, and relate these to morbidity, mortality and economic cost of airflow obstruction and restriction. Population-based mathematical models will be developed driven by the empirical data from the cohort and national population data for Malawi to assess the effects of interventions and programmes to address the lung burden in Malawi. The present follow-up study started in 2019.
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Njoroge MW, Rylance S, Nightingale R, Gordon S, Mortimer K, Burney P, Rylance J, Obasi A, Niessen L, Devereux G. Cohort profile: The Chikwawa lung health cohort; a population-based observational non-communicable respiratory disease study of adults in Malawi. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242226. [PMID: 33180873 PMCID: PMC7660567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this article is to provide a detailed description of the Chikwawa lung health cohort which was established in rural Malawi to prospectively determine the prevalence and causes of lung disease amongst the general population of adults living in a low-income rural setting in Sub-Saharan Africa. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1481 participants were randomly identified and recruited in 2014 for the baseline study. We collected data on demographic, socio-economic status, respiratory symptoms and potentially relevant exposures such as smoking, household fuels, environmental exposures, occupational history/exposures, dietary intake, healthcare utilization, cost (medication, outpatient visits and inpatient admissions) and productivity losses. Spirometry was performed to assess lung function. At baseline, 56.9% of the participants were female, mean age was 43.8 (SD:17.8) and mean body mass index (BMI) was 21.6 Kg/m2 (SD: 3.46). FINDINGS TO DATE The cohort has reported the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms (13.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.9-15.4), spirometric obstruction (8.7%, 95% CI, 7.0-10.7), and spirometric restriction (34.8%, 95% CI, 31.7-38.0). Additionally, an annual decline in forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] of 30.9mL/year (95% CI: 21.6 to 40.1) and forced vital capacity [FVC] by 38.3 mL/year (95% CI: 28.5 to 48.1) has been reported. FUTURE PLANS The ongoing phases of follow-up will determine the annual rate of decline in lung function as measured through spirometry and the development of airflow obstruction and restriction, and relate these to morbidity, mortality and economic cost of airflow obstruction and restriction. Population-based mathematical models will be developed driven by the empirical data from the cohort and national population data for Malawi to assess the effects of interventions and programmes to address the lung burden in Malawi. The present follow-up study started in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W. Njoroge
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Sarah Rylance
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Rebecca Nightingale
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Stephen Gordon
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Kevin Mortimer
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Burney
- National heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Rylance
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Angela Obasi
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Niessen
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Graham Devereux
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Elasfar AA, Alhabeeb W, Elasfar S. Heart Failure in the Middle East Arab Countries: Current and Future Perspectives. J Saudi Heart Assoc 2020; 32:236-241. [PMID: 33154923 PMCID: PMC7640557 DOI: 10.37616/2212-5043.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, data about heart failure (HF) was only limited to Western countries but in the last few years, well designed heart failure registries have been conducted in many developing countries. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current status regarding the epidemiology and management of heart failure in Middle East Arab countries (MEACs) by analysis of the results of the latest HF registries performed in these countries and to anticipate future perspectives, quality initiatives and areas of research and development. Data has shown that the average age of affected individuals is at least 10 years younger than their Western counterparts. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was generally under-represented in these registries to less than 30% of the whole population of heart failure. Coronary artery disease (CAD) constitutes about 55% of causes of heart failure in this region in comparison to about 70% in Western countries. An area that needs development is the investment in establishing specialized heart failure programs to cut the circle of non-compliance and repeated HF admissions to the hospitals. Advances in heart transplantation and mechanical circulatory support will continue to slow down and we are not expecting major changes in the near future but on the other hand, implantation of electronic devices like ICD and CRT is expected to increase significantly in the coming years in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfatah A Elasfar
- Madinah Cardiac Center, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.,Cardiology Department, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Waleed Alhabeeb
- King Fahad Cardiac Center, Department of Cardiac Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Leask F, Terzic A. Regenerative outlook: offering global solutions for equitable care. Regen Med 2020; 15:2249-2252. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andre Terzic
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Mphekgwana PM, Malema N, Monyeki KD, Mothiba TM, Makgahlela M, Kgatla N, Makgato I, Sodi T. Hypertension Prevalence and Determinants among Black South African Adults in Semi-Urban and Rural Areas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7463. [PMID: 33066410 PMCID: PMC7602258 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The burden of hypertension is reported to be on the rise in developing countries, such as South Africa, despite increased efforts to address it. Using a cross-sectional study design, we assessed and compared the prevalence of and risk factors associated with hypertension amongst adults aged ≥18 years in semi-urban and rural communities (1187 semi-urban and 1106 rural). Trained community health workers administered the INTERHEART Risk Score tool and performed blood pressure assessments using the MEDIC Pharmacists Choice Blood Pressure Monitor. Hypertension was defined to be a systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors and determine their relationship with hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension amongst semi-urban and rural communities was 21% with no gender difference. In the semi-urban area, physical activity, family history, fruit intake, salty food, and eating meat were significantly associated with the odds of hypertension among women, whereas only the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), diabetic status, and salty food were the predictors for rural women. Factors such as fried food and low fruit intake were significantly associated with the odds of hypertension among men in the semi-urban area, whereas only the WHR was significant among men in the rural area. Hypertension was found to be prevalent among semi-urban and rural adults in Limpopo Province, South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Mphekgwana
- Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa
| | - Nancy Malema
- Department of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa; (N.M.); (M.M.); (I.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Kotsedi D. Monyeki
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa;
| | - Tebogo M. Mothiba
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa;
| | - Mpsanyana Makgahlela
- Department of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa; (N.M.); (M.M.); (I.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Nancy Kgatla
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa;
| | - Irene Makgato
- Department of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa; (N.M.); (M.M.); (I.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Tholene Sodi
- Department of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa; (N.M.); (M.M.); (I.M.); (T.S.)
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Pereira DHM, Grieco SC, Trivellato SDA, Nahas S, Gomes RTT, Luca AD, Soares Júnior JM, Baracat EC. Personalized functional gynecology: a new direction? Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2020; 66:560-563. [PMID: 32638961 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.5.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvana Chedid Grieco
- Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Symara De Angelis Trivellato
- Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Simone Nahas
- Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Alexandre de Luca
- Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - José Maria Soares Júnior
- Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Wang Y, Wang J. Modelling and prediction of global non-communicable diseases. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:822. [PMID: 32487173 PMCID: PMC7268487 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the main health and development challenge facing humankind all over the world. They are inextricably linked to socio-economic development. Deaths caused by NCDs should be different in different socio-economic development stages. The stratified heterogeneity of NCD deaths is currently not fully explored. Methods Countries were classified according to their socio-economic types and development stages, which were illustrated as a tree-like structure called Geotree. NCD deaths were linked to the countries and so were attached to the Geotree, which was modelled by a multilevel model (MLM) approach. Accordingly, the levels of NCD death indexes were predicted for 2030. Results Through the Geotree structure constructed in the study, it can be seen that the NCD death index has obvious stratified heterogeneity; that is, the NCD death index shows different trends in different country types and socio-economic development stages. In the first-level branches (country type), as national income increases, NCD mortality rate decreases and the proportion of NCD deaths to total deaths increases. In the secondary-level trunks (socio-economic development stage), as a country’s development stage rises, the NCD mortality rate decreases and the proportion of NCD deaths to total deaths increases. In addition, combined with the hierarchical nature of the evolution tree model, the MLM was used to predict the global NCD death index for 2030. The result was that by 2030, the global average age-standardized NCD mortality rate would be 510.54 (per 100,000 population) and the global average mortality for NCD deaths of the total number of deaths would be 75.26%. Conclusions This study found that there is a significant association between socio-economic factors and NCD death indicators in the tree-like structure. In the Geotree, countries on the same branch or trunk can learn from countries with higher development stages to formulate more effective NCD response policies and find the right prevention and treatment path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Doustmohammadian A, Omidvar N, Shakibazadeh E. School-based interventions for promoting food and nutrition literacy (FNLIT) in elementary school children: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2020; 9:87. [PMID: 32321581 PMCID: PMC7178560 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food and nutrition literacy is a newly emerged concept to connect food-related knowledge and skills to healthy diets. Its promotion is important to protect children as they eat too many low-nutrient, high-energy foods. Food and nutrition literacy promotion needs multi-dimensional interventions. In the process of developing an intervention to promote food and nutrition literacy, the present review protocol aims to critically examine the evidence in the area of school-based interventions for promoting food and nutrition literacy (FNLIT) in elementary school children. METHODS We will search PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and ProQuest (from inception onwards). Additional studies will be identified through manual searching of reference lists. Quantitative studies (e.g., randomized controlled trial, quasi-randomized trials, and cluster randomized trials) evaluating the effect of interventions to promote food and nutrition literacy in elementary school children (5-12 years old) will be included. Main outcomes will be food and nutrition literacy at functional, interactive, and critical levels. Secondary outcomes will be dietary intake indicators (e.g., healthy eating index, DDS) and health outcome measures (e.g., reduction in BMI and less weight gain). Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion. The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using appropriate tools. If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis. The quality of the included studies will separately evaluate using the validated Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, developed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP). Data will be extracted by two reviewers from the identified relevant literature. Standard data synthesis and analysis will be used for the review. DISCUSSION This systematic review will summarize the evidence regarding the components, implementation methods, and effectiveness of the interventions of food and nutrition literacy promotion in elementary school children. The results of this review will provide a useful reference for policymakers and curriculum developers to assess education curricula and develop practical learning and teaching strategies to improve students' food and nutrition literacy. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42019135118).
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Doustmohammadian
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Omidvar
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Shakibazadeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chien SY, Chuang MC, Chen IP. Factors Influencing Residents’ Decision to Participate in Health Screening in Taiwan: A Qualitative Study. Health (London) 2020. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2020.125039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Mohammadifard N, Khosravi A, Salas-Salvadó J, Becerra-Tomás N, Nouri F, Abdollahi Z, Jozan M, Bahonar A, Sarrafzadegan N. Trend of salt intake measured by 24-hour urine collection samples among Iranian adults population between 1998 and 2013: The Isfahan salt study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:1323-1329. [PMID: 31672449 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Few population-based studies conducted in the Eastern Mediterranean region assessed salt intake by the measurement of 24-h sodium urine excretion (24-hUNa). The current study aimed to assess the trend of mean salt intake in Iranian adults between 1998 and 2013. METHODS AND RESULTS These cross-sectional studies were performed on 564, 157, 509 and 837 randomly selected healthy adults aged >18 years from Isfahan city, Iran, in 1998, 2001, 2007 and 2013, respectively. BP was measured using a mercury sphygmomanometer according to a standard protocol. Single 24-h urine was collected to assess 24-hUNa as a surrogate of salt intake, and 24-h urinary K (24-hUK). The estimated trend of salt intake was 9.5, 9.7, 9.6 and 10.2 g/day in total population (P < 0.001). The increase in salt intake between 1998 and 2013 was significant only in men, (P < 0.001). The risk of pre-hypertension was 21% and 18% significantly greater in the highest quartiles of UNa/UK after adjustment for potential confounders in 2001 and 2013, respectively, [OR (95% CI): 1.21 (1.03-1.64) and 1.18 (1.02-1.38), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS This population-based study indicated that mean salt intake was about two times of recommendation in Isfahan city, Iran, and suggest that it would be essential to implement a salt reduction strategy program in Iranian population. Longitudinal national studies with larger samples examining the trend of salt intake are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Khosravi
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Abdollahi
- Nutrition Department, The Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Jozan
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bahonar
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Correia JC, Lachat S, Lagger G, Chappuis F, Golay A, Beran D. Interventions targeting hypertension and diabetes mellitus at community and primary healthcare level in low- and middle-income countries:a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1542. [PMID: 31752801 PMCID: PMC6873661 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence on effectiveness of primary care interventions has attracted renewed calls for their implementation. This review aims to synthesize evidence pertaining to primary care interventions on these two diseases, evaluated and tested in LMICs. METHODS Two reviewers conducted an electronic search of three databases (Pubmed, EMBASE and Web of Science) and screened for eligible articles. Interventions covering health promotion, prevention, treatment, or rehabilitation activities at the PHC or community level were included. Studies published in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish, from January 2007 to January 2017, were included. Key extraction variables included the 12 criteria identified by the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. The Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework (ICCCF) was used to guide analysis and reporting of results. RESULTS 198 articles were analyzed. The strategies focused on healthcare service organization (76.5%), community level (9.7 %), creating a positive policy environment (3.6%) and strategies covering multiple domains (10.2%). Studies included related to the following topics: description or testing of interventions (n=81; 41.3%), implementation or evaluation projects (n=42; 21.4%), quality improvement initiatives (n=15; 7.7%), screening and prevention efforts (n=26; 13.2%), management of HTN or DM (n=13; 6.6%), integrated health services (n=10; 5.1%), knowledge and attitude surveys (n=5; 2.5%), cost-effective lab tests (n=2; 1%) and policy making efforts (n=2; 1%). Most studies reported interventions by non-specialists (n=86; 43.4%) and multidisciplinary teams (n=49; 25.5%). CONCLUSION Only 198 articles were found over a 10 year period which demonstrates the limited published research on highly prevalent diseases in LMIC. This review shows the variety and complexity of approaches that have been tested to address HTN and DM in LMICs and highlights the elements of interventions needed to be addressed in order to strengthen delivery of care. Most studies reported little information regarding implementation processes to allow replication. Given the need for multi-component complex interventions, study designs and evaluation techniques will need to be adapted by including process evaluations versus simply effectiveness or outcome evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge César Correia
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Primary and Emergency Care, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Lachat
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Primary and Emergency Care, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Lagger
- Division of Therapeutic Patient Education for Chronic Diseases. Department of Community Medicine, Primary and Emergency Care, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Chappuis
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Primary and Emergency Care, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alain Golay
- Division of Therapeutic Patient Education for Chronic Diseases. Department of Community Medicine, Primary and Emergency Care, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Beran
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Primary and Emergency Care, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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50
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Physical activity and sedentary behaviour research in Ghana: A systematic review protocol. GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2019.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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