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Guo M, Zhang L, Wang H, Zhou Q, Zhu X, Fu X, Yang J, Liu S, Guo D, Zhang B. SOCS1 as a Biomarker Candidate for HPV Infection and Prognosis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5598-5612. [PMID: 37504269 PMCID: PMC10378037 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between HNSCC and HPV remain unclear. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the gene expression dataset of HPV-associated HNSCC based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC were screened. Gene function enrichment, protein-protein interactions (PPI), survival analysis, and immune cell infiltration of DEGs were performed. Furthermore, the clinical data of HNSCC tissue samples were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. In total, 194 DEGs were identified. A PPI network was constructed and 10 hub genes (EREG, PLCG1, ERBB4, HBEGF, ZFP42, CBX6, NFKBIA, SOCS1, ATP2B2, and CEND1) were identified. Survival analysis indicated that low expression of SOCS1 was associated with worse overall survival. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that SOCS1 expression was higher in HPV-negative HNSCC than in HPV-positive HNSCC, and there was a positive correlation between SOCS1 expression and patient survival. This study provides new information on biological targets that may be relevant to the molecular mechanisms underpinning the occurrence and development of HNSCC. SOCS1 may play an important role in the interaction between HPV and HNSCC and serve as a potential biomarker for future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Guo
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiaozhen Zhou
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinrang Zhu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinyu Fu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shanhe Liu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dingcheng Guo
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Baoping Zhang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Ma L, Li C, Yin H, Huang J, Yu S, Zhao J, Tang Y, Yu M, Lin J, Ding L, Cui Q. The Mechanism of DNA Methylation and miRNA in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9360. [PMID: 37298314 PMCID: PMC10253858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in the world. Currently, the main treatments for breast cancer are radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and surgery. The treatment measures for breast cancer depend on the molecular subtype. Thus, the exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for breast cancer remains a hotspot in research. In breast cancer, a high level of expression of DNMTs is highly correlated with poor prognosis, that is, the abnormal methylation of tumor suppressor genes usually promotes tumorigenesis and progression. MiRNAs, as non-coding RNAs, have been identified to play key roles in breast cancer. The aberrant methylation of miRNAs could lead to drug resistance during the aforementioned treatment. Therefore, the regulation of miRNA methylation might serve as a therapeutic target in breast cancer. In this paper, we reviewed studies on the regulatory mechanisms of miRNA and DNA methylation in breast cancer from the last decade, focusing on the promoter region of tumor suppressor miRNAs methylated by DNMTs and the highly expressed oncogenic miRNAs inhibited by DNMTs or activating TETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyuan Ma
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.); (J.L.)
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.); (J.L.)
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Hanlin Yin
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.); (J.L.)
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Jiashu Huang
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.); (J.L.)
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Shenghao Yu
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.); (J.L.)
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.); (J.L.)
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Yongxu Tang
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.); (J.L.)
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Min Yu
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.); (J.L.)
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.); (J.L.)
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.); (J.L.)
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Lab of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (L.M.); (C.L.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (M.Y.); (J.L.)
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, Kunming 650214, China
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Bhootra S, Jill N, Shanmugam G, Rakshit S, Sarkar K. DNA methylation and cancer: transcriptional regulation, prognostic, and therapeutic perspective. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 40:71. [PMID: 36602616 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is one among the major grounds of cancer progression which is characterized by the addition of a methyl group to the promoter region of the gene thereby causing gene silencing or increasing the probability of mutations; however, in bacteria, methylation is used as a defense mechanism where DNA protection is by addition of methyl groups making restriction enzymes unable to cleave. Hypermethylation and hypomethylation both pose as leading causes of oncogenesis; the former being more frequent which occurs at the CpG islands present in the promoter region of the genes, whereas the latter occurs globally in various genomic sequences. Reviewing methylation profiles would help in the detection and treatment of cancers. Demethylation is defined as preventing methyl group addition to the cytosine DNA base which could cause cancers in case of global hypomethylation, however, upon further investigation; it could be used as a therapeutic tool as well as for drug design in cancer treatment. In this review, we have studied the molecules that induce and enzymes (DNMTs) that bring about methylation as well as comprehend the correlation between methylation with transcription factors and various signaling pathways. DNA methylation has also been reviewed in terms of how it could serve as a prognostic marker and the various therapeutic drugs that have come into the market for reversing methylation opening an avenue toward curing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sannidhi Bhootra
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Nandana Jill
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Geetha Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Sudeshna Rakshit
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Koustav Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Drobna‐Śledzińska M, Maćkowska‐Maślak N, Jaksik R, Kosmalska M, Szarzyńska B, Lejman M, Sędek Ł, Szczepański T, Taghon T, Van Vlierberghe P, Witt M, Dawidowska M. Multiomics to investigate the mechanisms contributing to repression of PTPRC and SOCS2 in pediatric T-ALL: Focus on miR-363-3p and promoter methylation. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2022; 61:720-733. [PMID: 35778917 PMCID: PMC9796420 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a heterogeneous and aggressive malignancy arising from T-cell precursors. MiRNAs are implicated in negative regulation of gene expression and when aberrantly expressed contribute to various cancer types, including T-ALL. Previously we demonstrated the oncogenic potential of miR-363-3p overexpression in a subgroup of T-ALL patients. Here, using combined proteomic and transcriptomic approaches, we show that miR-363-3p enhances cell growth of T-ALL in vitro via inhibition of PTPRC and SOCS2, which are implicated in repression of the JAK-STAT pathway. We propose that overexpression of miR-363-3p is a novel mechanism potentially contributing to overactivation of JAK-STAT pathway. Additionally, by combining the transcriptomic and methylation data of T-ALL patients, we show that promoter methylation may also contribute to downregulation of SOCS2 expression and thus potentially to JAK-STAT activation. In conclusion, we highlight aberrant miRNA expression and aberrant promoter methylation as mechanisms, alternative to mutations of JAK-STAT-related genes, which might lead to the upregulation of JAK-dependent signaling in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roman Jaksik
- Department of Systems Biology and EngineeringSilesian University of TechnologyGliwicePoland
| | - Maria Kosmalska
- Institute of Human Genetics Polish Academy of SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Bronisława Szarzyńska
- Institute of Human Genetics Polish Academy of SciencesPoznańPoland,Polish Stem Cells BankWarsawPoland
| | - Monika Lejman
- Laboratory of Genetic DiagnosticsMedical University of LublinLublinPoland
| | - Łukasz Sędek
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyZabrze, Medical University of Silesia in KatowiceZabrzePoland
| | - Tomasz Szczepański
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceZabrzePoland
| | - Tom Taghon
- Department of Diagnostic SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium,Cancer Research Institute GhentGhentBelgium
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Cancer Research Institute GhentGhentBelgium,Department of Biomolecular MedicineGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Michał Witt
- Institute of Human Genetics Polish Academy of SciencesPoznańPoland
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Anestopoulos I, Kyriakou S, Tragkola V, Paraskevaidis I, Tzika E, Mitsiogianni M, Deligiorgi MV, Petrakis G, Trafalis DT, Botaitis S, Giatromanolaki A, Koukourakis MI, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Targeting the epigenome in malignant melanoma: Facts, challenges and therapeutic promises. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108301. [PMID: 36283453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer with high rates of mortality. Although current treatment options provide a short-clinical benefit, acquired-drug resistance highlights the low 5-year survival rate among patients with advanced stage of the disease. In parallel, the involvement of an aberrant epigenetic landscape, (e.g., alterations in DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications marks and expression of non-coding RNAs), in addition to the genetic background, has been also associated with the onset and progression of melanoma. In this review article, we report on current therapeutic options in melanoma treatment with a focus on distinct epigenetic alterations and how their reversal, by specific drug compounds, can restore a normal phenotype. In particular, we concentrate on how single and/or combinatorial therapeutic approaches have utilized epigenetic drug compounds in being effective against malignant melanoma. Finally, the role of deregulated epigenetic mechanisms in promoting drug resistance to targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors is presented leading to the development of newly synthesized and/or improved drug compounds capable of targeting the epigenome of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Anestopoulos
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - S Kyriakou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - V Tragkola
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - I Paraskevaidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - E Tzika
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - M V Deligiorgi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G Petrakis
- Saint George Hospital, Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - D T Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - S Botaitis
- Department of Surgery, Alexandroupolis University Hospital, Democritus University of Thrace School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - A Giatromanolaki
- Department of Pathology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - M I Koukourakis
- Radiotherapy / Oncology, Radiobiology & Radiopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - R Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - A Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - M I Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Cai Z, Tang B, Chen L, Lei W. Mast cell marker gene signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:577. [PMID: 35610596 PMCID: PMC9128261 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells can reshape the tumour immune microenvironment and greatly affect tumour occurrence and development. However, mast cell gene prognostic and predictive value in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unclear. This study was conducted to identify and establish a prognostic mast cell gene signature (MCS) for assessing the prognosis and immunotherapy response of patients with HNSCC. METHODS Mast cell marker genes in HNSCC were identified using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. A dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas was divided into a training cohort to construct the MCS model and a testing cohort to validate the model. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation was used to evaluate the MCS model gene expression in tissue sections from patients with HNSCC who had been treated with programmed cell death-1 inhibitors and further validate the MCS. RESULTS A prognostic MCS comprising nine genes (KIT, RAB32, CATSPER1, SMYD3, LINC00996, SOCS1, AP2M1, LAT, and HSP90B1) was generated by comprehensively analysing clinical features and 47 mast cell-related genes. The MCS effectively distinguished survival outcomes across the training, testing, and entire cohorts as an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, we identified patients with favourable immune cell infiltration status and immunotherapy responses. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation supported the MCS immunotherapy response of patients with HNSCC prediction, showing increased high-risk gene expression and reduced low-risk gene expression in immunotherapy-insensitive patients. CONCLUSIONS Our MCS provides insight into the roles of mast cells in HNSCC prognosis and may have applications as an immunotherapy response predictive indicator in patients with HNSCC and a reference for immunotherapy decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimou Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bingjie Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Wenbin Lei
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Sk MF, Jonniya NA, Roy R, Kar P. Phosphorylation-Induced Conformational Dynamics and Inhibition of Janus Kinase 1 by Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling 1. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3224-3239. [PMID: 35443129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dysfunction of the JAK/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription) pathway results in several pathophysiological conditions, including autoimmune disorders. The negative feedback regulators of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS), act as a natural inhibitor of JAK and inhibit aberrant activity. SOCS1 is the most potent member of the SOCS family, whose kinase inhibitory region targets the substrate-binding groove of JAK with high affinity and blocks the phosphorylation of JAK kinases. Overall, we performed an aggregate of 13 μs molecular dynamics simulations on the activation loop's three different phosphorylation (double and single) states. Results from our simulations show that the single Tyr1034 phosphorylation could stabilize the JAK1/SOCS1 complex as well as the flexible activation segment. The phosphate-binding loop (P-loop) shows conformational variability at dual and single phosphorylated states. Principal component analysis and protein structure network (PSN) analysis reveal that the different phosphorylation states and SOCS1 binding induce intermediate inactive conformations of JAK1, which could be a better target for future JAK1 selective drug design. PSN analysis suggests that the com-pY1034 system is stabilized due to higher values of network hubs than the other two complex systems. Moreover, the binding free energy calculations suggest that pTyr1034 states show a higher affinity toward SOCS1 than the dual and pTyr1035 states. We believe that the mechanistic understanding of JAK1/SOCS1 complexation will aid future studies related to peptide inhibitors based on SOCS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Fulbabu Sk
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nisha Amarnath Jonniya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Structure and Function of TET Enzymes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1389:239-267. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11454-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Aleotti V, Catoni C, Poggiana C, Rosato A, Facchinetti A, Scaini MC. Methylation Markers in Cutaneous Melanoma: Unravelling the Potential Utility of Their Tracking by Liquid Biopsy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6217. [PMID: 34944843 PMCID: PMC8699653 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most serious, life-threatening form of all dermatologic diseases, with a poor prognosis in the presence of metastases and advanced disease. Despite recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, there is still a critical need for a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms behind melanoma progression and resistance onset. Recent advances in genome-wide methylation methods have revealed that aberrant changes in the pattern of DNA methylation play an important role in many aspects of cancer progression, including cell proliferation and migration, evasion of cell death, invasion, and metastasization. The purpose of the current review was to gather evidence regarding the usefulness of DNA methylation tracking in liquid biopsy as a potential biomarker in melanoma. We investigated the key genes and signal transduction pathways that have been found to be altered epigenetically in melanoma. We then highlighted the circulating tumor components present in blood, including circulating melanoma cells (CMC), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a valuable source for identifying relevant aberrations in DNA methylation. Finally, we focused on DNA methylation signatures as a marker for tracking response to therapy and resistance, thus facilitating personalized medicine and decision-making in the treatment of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Aleotti
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Cristina Catoni
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Cristina Poggiana
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Antonella Facchinetti
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Scaini
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
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Keewan E, Matlawska-Wasowska K. The Emerging Role of Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) in the Development and Progression of Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4000. [PMID: 34439155 PMCID: PMC8393695 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are pleiotropic signaling molecules that execute an essential role in cell-to-cell communication through binding to cell surface receptors. Receptor binding activates intracellular signaling cascades in the target cell that bring about a wide range of cellular responses, including induction of cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. The Janus kinase and transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathways are activated upon cytokines and growth factors binding with their corresponding receptors. The SOCS family of proteins has emerged as a key regulator of cytokine signaling, and SOCS insufficiency leads to constitutive activation of JAK/STAT signaling and oncogenic transformation. Dysregulation of SOCS expression is linked to various solid tumors with invasive properties. However, the roles of SOCS in hematological malignancies, such as leukemia, are less clear. In this review, we discuss the recent advances pertaining to SOCS dysregulation in leukemia development and progression. We also highlight the roles of specific SOCS in immune cells within the tumor microenvironment and their possible involvement in anti-tumor immunity. Finally, we discuss the epigenetic, genetic, and post-transcriptional modifications of SOCS genes during tumorigenesis, with an emphasis on leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra’a Keewan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ksenia Matlawska-Wasowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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11
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Zhu S, Ye L, Bennett S, Xu H, He D, Xu J. Molecular structure, gene expression and functional role of WFDC1 in angiogenesis and cancer. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:588-595. [PMID: 33615507 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Whey acidic proteins (WAP) perform a diverse range of important biological functions, including proteinase activity, calcium transport and bacterial growth. The WAP four-disulphide core domain protein 1 (WFDC1) gene (also called PS20), encodes the 20 kDa prostate stromal protein (ps20), which is a member of the WAP-type four-disulphide core domain family of proteins, and exhibits characteristics of serine protease inhibitors, such as elafin and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor. Molecular structural analysis reveals that ps20 consists of four-disulphide bonds formed by eight cysteine residues located at the carboxyl terminus of the protein. Wfdc1-null mice were found to display no overt developmental phenotype, suggesting a dispensable role in organ growth and development. However, WFDC1 was able to mediate endothelial cell migration and pericyte stabilization, which are vital for the formation of functional vascular structures. WFDC1 was also found to be downregulated in cancers and exhibited a regulatory effect on cell proliferation. In addition, it was involved in the modulation of memory T cells during human immunodeficiency virus infection. Gaining a solid understanding of the mechanisms by which WFDC1 regulates tissue homeostasis and disease processes, in a tissue specific manner, will be an important move towards the development of WFDC1/ps20 as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Samuel Bennett
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dengwei He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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12
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Li Y, Shi J, Yang J, Ge S, Zhang J, Jia R, Fan X. Uveal melanoma: progress in molecular biology and therapeutics. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920965852. [PMID: 33149769 PMCID: PMC7586035 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920965852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. So far, no systemic therapy or standard treatment exists to reduce the risk of metastasis and improve overall survival of patients. With the increased knowledge regarding the molecular pathways that underlie the oncogenesis of UM, it is expected that novel therapeutic approaches will be available to conquer this disease. This review provides a summary of the current knowledge of, and progress made in understanding, the pathogenesis, genetic mutations, epigenetics, and immunology of UM. With the advent of the omics era, multi-dimensional big data are publicly available, providing an innovation platform to develop effective targeted and personalized therapeutics for UM patients. Indeed, recently, a great number of therapies have been reported specifically for UM caused by oncogenic mutations, as well as other etiologies. In this review, special attention is directed to advancements in targeted therapies. In particular, we discuss the possibilities of targeting: GNAQ/GNA11, PLCβ, and CYSLTR2 mutants; regulators of G-protein signaling; the secondary messenger adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6); downstream pathways, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinase/MEK/extracellular signal-related kinase, protein kinase C (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Trio/Rho/Rac/Yes-associated protein, and inactivated BAP1; and immune-checkpoint proteins cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed cell-death protein 1/programmed cell-death ligand 1. Furthermore, we conducted a survey of completed and ongoing clinical trials applying targeted and immune therapies for UM. Although drug combination therapy based on the signaling pathways involved in UM has made great progress, targeted therapy is still an unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahao Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, 833 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200001, China
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13
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Yan B, Xiong C, Huang F, Zhang M, Mo Y, Bai H. Big data-based identification of methylated genes associated with drug resistance and prognosis in ovarian cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20802. [PMID: 32629664 PMCID: PMC7337574 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is imperative to further the understanding of the drug resistance mechanisms of ovarian cancer (OC) and to identify useful biological markers for prognosis prediction.Cormine, cBioportal, and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases were used to search microarray data of gene methylation related to OC, drug resistance in OC, and prognosis, and to analyze methylated genes potentially inducing the drug resistance in OC. Fifty-five DNA-methylated genes significantly associated with drug resistance in OC were screened, and the regulatory mechanisms underlying changes in methylation levels of these genes were systematically integrated.Enrichment and annotation of biological processes indicated that most of the above DNA-methylated genes were significantly associated with cell proliferation and cell cycle. In addition, pathway enrichment demonstrated that the above DNA-methylated genes were significantly associated with PI3K-AKT and P53 signaling pathways. Among the 55 genes, 4 were significantly associated with OC prognostic disease-free survival, namely bromodomain containing 4, PDZ domain containing 1 (PDZK1), phosphatase and tensin homolog, and TNF receptor superfamily member 10c; 5 were significantly related to overall survival, namely bromodomain containing 4, PDZK1, PIK3C2B, Rh associated glycoprotein, and DYRK; among them, the degree of methylation of TNF receptor superfamily member 10c, PDZK1, and Rh associated glycoprotein genes was significantly correlated with mRNA expression. Furthermore, PDZK1, Rh associated glycoprotein, and TNF receptor superfamily member 10c genes showed significant hypomethylation in drug-resistance tissues of OC, and their mRNAs had significantly high expression.The association between the methylation of these 55 genes and OC and drug resistance in OC, in addition to bioinformatics analyses clarify the important mechanisms of gene methylation in the development, progression, and drug resistance of OC.
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14
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Cai W, Wang J, Hu M, Chen X, Lu Z, Bellanti JA, Zheng SG. All trans-retinoic acid protects against acute ischemic stroke by modulating neutrophil functions through STAT1 signaling. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:175. [PMID: 31472680 PMCID: PMC6717357 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Regulation of neural inflammation is considered as a vital therapeutic target in ischemic stroke. All-trans retinoic acid (atRA), a potent immune modulator, has raised interest in the field of stroke therapy. However, the immunological mechanisms for atRA-mediated neuroprotection remain elusive. The current study evaluated the impact of atRA on post-stroke neural inflammation and elucidated the mechanisms involved in the regulation of related neutrophil functions. Methods atRA was prophylactically administered to mice 1 day before transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO, 1 h) and repeated daily immediately after reperfusion for 3 days. Stroke outcomes, neutrophil polarization, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the stroke lesion were assessed. Neutrophil depletion was induced with anti-Ly6G antibodies. Primary neutrophil cultures were used to explore the mechanisms of atRA treatment. Results Prophylactic atRA treatment reduced infarct volumes and neurological deficits at 1 day after tMCAO. Post-stroke neural inflammation was attenuated and neutrophil accumulation in lesion was downregulated. atRA treatment skewed neutrophil toward N2 phenotype which facilitated its clearance by macrophage and inhibited NETs formation. The functions of neutrophil were indispensable in the protective effects of atRA and were associated with suppression to STAT1 signaling by atRA. Administration of atRA after stroke still provided efficient protection to cerebral ischemia. Conclusion atRA displays potent therapeutic efficacy in ischemic stroke by attenuating neural inflammation. Treatment of atRA impeded neutrophil accumulation, favored N2 polarization, and forbade NETs formation in ischemic lesion. STAT1 signaling played a decisive role in the mechanisms of atRA-afforded regulation to neutrophil. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1557-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Center of Clinical Immunology, Center for Mental and Neurological Disorders and Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Center for Mental and Neurological Disorders and Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Julie Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
| | - Mengyan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Mental and Neurological Disorders and Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Mental and Neurological Disorders and Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Joseph A Bellanti
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology-Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA.
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15
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Sharma J, Larkin J. Therapeutic Implication of SOCS1 Modulation in the Treatment of Autoimmunity and Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:324. [PMID: 31105556 PMCID: PMC6499178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of intracellular proteins has a vital role in the regulation of the immune system and resolution of inflammatory cascades. SOCS1, also called STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI) or JAK-binding protein (JAB), is a member of the SOCS family with actions ranging from immune modulation to cell cycle regulation. Knockout of SOCS1 leads to perinatal lethality in mice and increased vulnerability to cancer, while several SNPs associated with the SOCS1 gene have been implicated in human inflammation-mediated diseases. In this review, we describe the mechanism of action of SOCS1 and its potential therapeutic role in the prevention and treatment of autoimmunity and cancer. We also provide a brief outline of the other JAK inhibitors, both FDA-approved and under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joseph Larkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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16
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SOCS1 and its Potential Clinical Role in Tumor. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 25:1295-1301. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Phylogenetic, molecular evolution and structural analyses of the WFDC1/prostate stromal protein 20 (ps20). Gene 2019; 686:125-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Guo Y, Long J, Lei S. Promoter methylation as biomarkers for diagnosis of melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7356-7367. [PMID: 30370527 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most common skin cancer that is characterized by rapid growth, early metastasis, high malignant, and mortality. Accumulating evidence demonstrated that promoter methylation of tumor-suppressor genes is implicated in the pathogenesis of melanoma. In the current study, we performed a meta-analysis to identify promising methylation biomarkers in the diagnosis of melanoma. We carried out a systematic literature search using Pubmed, Embase, and ISI web knowledge database and found that gene promoter methylation of 50 genes was reported to be associated with the risk of melanoma. Meta-analysis revealed that hypermethylation of claudin 11 (CLDN11; odds ratio [OR], 16.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.97-143.29; p = 0.010), O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT; OR, 5.59; 95% CI, 2.51-12.47; p < 0.0001), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16; OR, 6.57; 95% CI, 2.19-19.75; p = 0.0008), retinoic acid receptor β (RAR-β2; OR, 24.31; 95% CI, 4.58-129.01; p = 0.0002), and Ras association domain family member (RASSF1A; OR, 9.35; 95% CI, 4.73-18.45; p < 0.00001) was significantly higher in melanoma patients compared with controls. CLDN11 (OR, 14.52; 95% CI, 1.84-114.55; p = 0.01), MGMT (OR, 8.08; 95% CI, 1.84-35.46; p = 0.006), p16 (OR, 9.44; 95% CI, 2.68-33.29; p = 0.0005), and RASSF1A (OR, 7.72; 95% CI, 1.05-56.50; p = 0.04) hypermethylation was significantly increased in primary melanoma compared with controls. Methylation frequency of CLDN11 (OR, 25.56; 95% CI, 2.32-281.66; p = 0.008), MGMT (OR, 4.64; 95% CI, 1.98-10.90; p = 0.0004), p16 (OR, 4.31; 95% CI, 1.33-13.96; p = 0.01), and RASSF1A (OR, 10.10; 95% CI, 2.87-35.54; p = 0.0003) was significantly higher in metastasis melanoma compared with controls. These findings indicated that CLDN11, MGMT, p16, RAR-β2, and RASSF1A hypermethylation is a risk factor and a potential biomarker for melanoma. CLDN11, MGMT, p16, and RASSF1A promoter methylation may take part in the development of melanoma and become useful biomarkers in the early diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhong Long
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaorong Lei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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19
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Mitsiogianni M, Amery T, Franco R, Zoumpourlis V, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. From chemo-prevention to epigenetic regulation: The role of isothiocyanates in skin cancer prevention. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 190:187-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Yi M, Wang W, Chen S, Peng Y, Li J, Cai J, Zhou Y, Peng Q, Ban Y, Zeng Z, Li X, Xiong W, Li G, Xiang B. Dual-functionality of RASSF1A overexpression in A375 cells is mediated by activation of IL-6/STAT3 regulatory loop. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1277-1287. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Liau NPD, Laktyushin A, Lucet IS, Murphy JM, Yao S, Whitlock E, Callaghan K, Nicola NA, Kershaw NJ, Babon JJ. The molecular basis of JAK/STAT inhibition by SOCS1. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29674694 DOI: 10.1038/s41467‐018‐04013‐1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The SOCS family of proteins are negative-feedback inhibitors of signalling induced by cytokines that act via the JAK/STAT pathway. SOCS proteins can act as ubiquitin ligases by recruiting Cullin5 to ubiquitinate signalling components; however, SOCS1, the most potent member of the family, can also inhibit JAK directly. Here we determine the structural basis of both these modes of inhibition. Due to alterations within the SOCS box domain, SOCS1 has a compromised ability to recruit Cullin5; however, it is a direct, potent and selective inhibitor of JAK catalytic activity. The kinase inhibitory region of SOCS1 targets the substrate binding groove of JAK with high specificity and thereby blocks any subsequent phosphorylation. SOCS1 is a potent inhibitor of the interferon gamma (IFNγ) pathway, however, it does not bind the IFNγ receptor, making its mode-of-action distinct from SOCS3. These findings reveal the mechanism used by SOCS1 to inhibit signalling by inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P D Liau
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Artem Laktyushin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Isabelle S Lucet
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Shenggen Yao
- The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Eden Whitlock
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Kimberley Callaghan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Nadia J Kershaw
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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22
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Liau NPD, Laktyushin A, Lucet IS, Murphy JM, Yao S, Whitlock E, Callaghan K, Nicola NA, Kershaw NJ, Babon JJ. The molecular basis of JAK/STAT inhibition by SOCS1. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1558. [PMID: 29674694 PMCID: PMC5908791 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The SOCS family of proteins are negative-feedback inhibitors of signalling induced by cytokines that act via the JAK/STAT pathway. SOCS proteins can act as ubiquitin ligases by recruiting Cullin5 to ubiquitinate signalling components; however, SOCS1, the most potent member of the family, can also inhibit JAK directly. Here we determine the structural basis of both these modes of inhibition. Due to alterations within the SOCS box domain, SOCS1 has a compromised ability to recruit Cullin5; however, it is a direct, potent and selective inhibitor of JAK catalytic activity. The kinase inhibitory region of SOCS1 targets the substrate binding groove of JAK with high specificity and thereby blocks any subsequent phosphorylation. SOCS1 is a potent inhibitor of the interferon gamma (IFNγ) pathway, however, it does not bind the IFNγ receptor, making its mode-of-action distinct from SOCS3. These findings reveal the mechanism used by SOCS1 to inhibit signalling by inflammatory cytokines. Cytokines are key molecules in controlling haematopoiesis that signal via the JAK/STAT pathway. Here the authors present the structures of SOCS1 bound to its JAK1 target as well as in complex with elonginB and elonginC, providing a molecular explanation for the potent JAK- inhibitory activity of SOCS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P D Liau
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Artem Laktyushin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Isabelle S Lucet
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Shenggen Yao
- The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Eden Whitlock
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Kimberley Callaghan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Nadia J Kershaw
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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23
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Qi F, Yin Z, Wang G, Zeng S. Clinical and Prognostic Significance of O 6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase Promoter Methylation in Patients with Melanoma: A Systematic Meta-Analysis. Ann Dermatol 2018; 30:129-135. [PMID: 29606808 PMCID: PMC5839882 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2018.30.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor gene O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation has been reported in melanoma. However, the clinical and prognostic significance of MGMT promoter methylation in patients with melanoma remained to be determined. A systematic search was performed to identify eligible papers published. The overall odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Final 12 eligible publications involving Caucasian population were performed in this study, including 1,071 metastatic melanoma patients, 154 primary melanoma patients, and 211 normal controls. MGMT promoter methylation was significantly higher in primary or metastatic melanoma than in normal controls (p<0.05). No difference of MGMT promoter methylation was found in primary and metastatic melanoma (p=0.432). When metastatic melanoma was compared to normal controls, subgroup analysis showed the correlation between MGMT promoter methylation and different sample materials (tissue: OR=7.01, p<0.001 and blood: OR=12.04, p=0.005). MGMT promoter methylation was not associated with response to drug therapy and the prognosis in overall survival and progression-free survival for multivariate analysis. Our results show that MGMT promoter methylation may be correlated with the increased risk of primary or metastatic melanoma. Based on blood samples, MGMT promoter methylation may become a noninvasive biomarker for the detection of metastatic melanoma. Further additional clinical studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qi
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangping Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Sanwu Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
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24
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Sharma A, Stei MM, Fröhlich H, Holz FG, Loeffler KU, Herwig-Carl MC. Genetic and epigenetic insights into uveal melanoma. Clin Genet 2018; 93:952-961. [PMID: 28902406 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most frequent primary intraocular tumor in Caucasian adults and is potentially fatal if metastases develop. While several prognostic genetic changes have been identified in UM, epigenetic influences are now getting closer attention. Recent technological advances have allowed to exam the human genome to a greater extent and have improved our understanding of several diseases including malignant tumors. In this context, there has been tremendous progress in the field of UM pathogenesis. Herein, we review the literature with emphasis on genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications and signaling pathways as well as possible biomarkers in UM. In addition, different research models for UM are discussed. New insights and major challenges are outlined in order to evaluate the current status for this potentially devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M M Stei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H Fröhlich
- Algorithmic Bioinformatics, BIT, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,UCB Biosciences GmbH, Monheim, Germany
| | - F G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K U Loeffler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M C Herwig-Carl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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25
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Planello AC, Singhania R, Kron KJ, Bailey SD, Roulois D, Lupien M, Line SRP, de Souza AP, De Carvalho DD. Pre-neoplastic epigenetic disruption of transcriptional enhancers in chronic inflammation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15772-86. [PMID: 26908456 PMCID: PMC4941276 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a chronic inflammatory disease independently associated with higher incidence of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the molecular mechanism responsible for this increased incidence is unknown. Here we profiled the DNA methylome of CP patients and healthy controls and compared to a large set of OSCC samples from TCGA. We observed a significant overlap between the altered DNA methylation patterns in CP and in OSCC, suggesting an emergence of a pre-neoplastic epigenome in CP. Remarkably, the hypermethylated CpGs in CP were significantly enriched for enhancer elements. This aberrant enhancer methylation is functional and able to disrupt enhancer activity by preventing the binding of chromatin looping factors. This study provides new insights on the molecular mechanisms linking chronic inflammation and tumor predisposition, highlighting the role of epigenetic disruption of transcriptional enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline C Planello
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rajat Singhania
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ken J Kron
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Swneke D Bailey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Roulois
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sérgio R Peres Line
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Souza
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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26
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Demirel Ö, Balló O, Reddy PNG, Vakhrusheva O, Zhang J, Eichler A, Fernandes R, Badura S, Serve H, Brandts C. SOCS1 function in BCR-ABL mediated myeloproliferative disease is dependent on the cytokine environment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180401. [PMID: 28753604 PMCID: PMC5533340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is the standard of care for Philadelphia chromosome positive leukemias. However the eradication of leukemia initiating cells remains a challenge. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the cytokine microenvironment may play a role in BCR-ABL mediated leukemogenesis and in imatinib resistance. Gene expression analyses of BCR-ABL positive ALL long-term cultured cells revealed strong reduction of SOCS mRNA expression after imatinib treatment, thereby demonstrating a strong inhibition of cytokine signaling. In this study we employed SOCS1—a strong inhibitor of cytokine signaling—as a tool to terminate external cytokine signals in BCR-ABL transformed cells in vitro and in vivo. In colony formation assays with primary bone marrow cells, expression of SOCS1 decreased colony numbers under pro-proliferative cytokines, while it conferred growth resistance to anti-proliferative cytokines. Importantly, co-expression of SOCS1 with BCR-ABL led to the development of a MPD phenotype with a prolonged disease latency compared to BCR-ABL alone in a murine bone marrow transplantation model. Interestingly, SOCS1 co-expression protected 20% of mice from MPD development. In summary, we conclude that under pro-proliferative cytokine stimulation at the onset of myeloproliferative diseases SOCS1 acts as a tumor suppressor, while under anti-proliferative conditions it exerts oncogenic function. Therefore SOCS1 can promote opposing functions depending on the cytokine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Demirel
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olivier Balló
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pavankumar N. G. Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Olesya Vakhrusheva
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Astrid Eichler
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ramona Fernandes
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Badura
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hubert Serve
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Brandts
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Clinico-biological significance of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 expression in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2017; 7:e588. [PMID: 28753595 PMCID: PMC5549259 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2017.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) protein, which encodes a member of signal transducers and activators of transcription-induced inhibitors, takes part in a negative regulation of cytokine signaling. The mechanism of SOCS1 in tumor carcinogenesis is complex and there have been no studies concerning the clinic-biologic implication of SOCS1 expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we first identified that higher bone marrow (BM) SOCS1 expression was closely associated with older age, FLT3-ITD, NPM1 and DNMT3A mutations, but negatively correlated with CEBPA mutation in patients with de novo AML. Compared to patients with lower SOCS1 expression, those with higher expression had lower complete remission rates and shorter overall survival. Further, higher expression of SOCS1 in the BM was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor irrespective of age, white blood cell, cytogenetics and gene mutations. Next, we generated zebrafish model overexpressing SOCS1 by spi1 promoter, which showed kidney marrow from adult SOCS1 zebrafish had increased myelopoiesis, myeloid progenitors and the kidney or spleen structure were effaced and distorted, mimicking leukemia phenotype. The SOCS1/FLT3-ITD double transgenic fish could further facilitate the leukemic process. The results indicate SOCS1 plays an important role in AML and its higher expression serves as a new biomarker to risk-stratify AML patients.
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28
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Yin X, Xu Y. Structure and Function of TET Enzymes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 945:275-302. [PMID: 27826843 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43624-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian DNA methylation mainly occurs at the carbon-C5 position of cytosine (5mC). TET enzymes were discovered to successively oxidize 5mC to 5-hydromethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). TET enzymes and oxidized 5mC derivatives play important roles in various biological and pathological processes, including regulation of DNA demethylation, gene transcription, embryonic development, and oncogenesis. In this chapter, we will discuss the discovery of TET-mediated 5mC oxidation and the structure, function, and regulation of TET enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Yin
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanhui Xu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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29
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Wouters J, Vizoso M, Martinez-Cardus A, Carmona FJ, Govaere O, Laguna T, Joseph J, Dynoodt P, Aura C, Foth M, Cloots R, van den Hurk K, Balint B, Murphy IG, McDermott EW, Sheahan K, Jirström K, Nodin B, Mallya-Udupi G, van den Oord JJ, Gallagher WM, Esteller M. Comprehensive DNA methylation study identifies novel progression-related and prognostic markers for cutaneous melanoma. BMC Med 2017; 15:101. [PMID: 28578692 PMCID: PMC5458482 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0851-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer, with an increasing incidence and mortality rate. Currently, staging of patients with primary melanoma is performed using histological biomarkers such as tumor thickness and ulceration. As disruption of the epigenomic landscape is recognized as a widespread feature inherent in tumor development and progression, we aimed to identify novel biomarkers providing additional clinical information over current factors using unbiased genome-wide DNA methylation analyses. METHODS We performed a comprehensive DNA methylation analysis during all progression stages of melanoma using Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips on a discovery cohort of benign nevi (n = 14) and malignant melanoma from both primary (n = 33) and metastatic (n = 28) sites, integrating the DNA methylome with gene expression data. We validated the discovered biomarkers in three independent validation cohorts by pyrosequencing and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We identified and validated biomarkers for, and pathways involved in, melanoma development (e.g., HOXA9 DNA methylation) and tumor progression (e.g., TBC1D16 DNA methylation). In addition, we determined a prognostic signature with potential clinical applicability and validated PON3 DNA methylation and OVOL1 protein expression as biomarkers with prognostic information independent of tumor thickness and ulceration. CONCLUSIONS Our data underscores the importance of epigenomic regulation in triggering metastatic dissemination through the inactivation of central cancer-related pathways. Inactivation of cell-adhesion and differentiation unleashes dissemination, and subsequent activation of inflammatory and immune system programs impairs anti-tumoral defense pathways. Moreover, we identify several markers of tumor development and progression previously unrelated to melanoma, and determined a prognostic signature with potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Wouters
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- OncoMark Ltd, NovaUCD, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Miguel Vizoso
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Martinez-Cardus
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F Javier Carmona
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Teresa Laguna
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Claudia Aura
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mona Foth
- OncoMark Ltd, NovaUCD, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Roy Cloots
- OncoMark Ltd, NovaUCD, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin van den Hurk
- OncoMark Ltd, NovaUCD, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Balazs Balint
- OncoMark Ltd, NovaUCD, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ian G Murphy
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Enda W McDermott
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kieran Sheahan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bjorn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Joost J van den Oord
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - William M Gallagher
- OncoMark Ltd, NovaUCD, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes and is considered to be the most aggressive cancer among all skin diseases. The pathogenesis of melanoma has not been well documented, which may restrict the research and development of biomarkers and therapies. To date, several genetic and epigenetic factors have been identified as contributing to the development and progression of melanoma. Besides the findings on genetic susceptibilities, the recent progress in epigenetic studies has revealed that loss of the DNA hydroxymethylation mark, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), along with high levels of DNA methylation at promoter regions of several tumor suppressor genes in melanoma, may serve as biomarkers for melanoma. Moreover, 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine, an epigenetic modifier causing DNA demethylation, and ten-eleven translocation family dioxygenase (TET), which catalyzes the generation of 5-hmC, demonstrate therapeutic potential in melanoma treatment. In this review, we will summarize the latest progress in research on DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation in melanoma, and we will discuss and provide insight for epigenetic biomarkers and therapies for melanoma. Particularly, we will discuss the role of DNA hydroxymethylation in melanoma infiltrating immune cells, which may also serve as a potential target for melanoma treatment.
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31
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Micevic G, Theodosakis N, Bosenberg M. Aberrant DNA methylation in melanoma: biomarker and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:34. [PMID: 28396701 PMCID: PMC5381063 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is an epigenetic hallmark of melanoma, known to play important roles in melanoma formation and progression. Recent advances in genome-wide methylation methods have provided the means to identify differentially methylated genes, methylation signatures, and potential biomarkers. However, despite considerable effort and advances in cataloging methylation changes in melanoma, many questions remain unanswered. The aim of this review is to summarize recent developments, emerging trends, and important unresolved questions in the field of aberrant DNA methylation in melanoma. In addition to reviewing recent developments, we carefully synthesize the findings in an effort to provide a framework for understanding the current state and direction of the field. To facilitate clarity, we divided the review into DNA methylation changes in melanoma, biomarker opportunities, and therapeutic developments. We hope this review contributes to accelerating the utilization of the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of DNA methylation for the benefit of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Micevic
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Nicholas Theodosakis
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Marcus Bosenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
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The relationship between RASSF1A gene promoter methylation and the susceptibility and prognosis of melanoma: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171676. [PMID: 28207831 PMCID: PMC5312935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The function of the tumor suppressor gene RASSF1A in cancer cells has been detailed in many studies. However, due to the methylation of its promoter, the expression of RASSF1A is missing in most cancers. In the literature, we found that the conclusion regarding the relationship between RASSF1A gene promoter methylation and the susceptibility and prognosis of melanoma was not unified. This study adopts the use of a meta-analysis and bioinformatics to explore the relationship between RASSF1A gene promoter methylation and the susceptibility and prognosis of melanoma. Methods Data on melanoma susceptibility were downloaded from the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases, which were analyzed via a meta-analysis. The effect sizes were estimated by measuring an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). We also used a chi-squared-based Q test to examine the between-study heterogeneity, and used funnel plots to evaluate publication bias. The data on melanoma prognosis, which were analyzed by bioinformatics methods, were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. The effect sizes were estimated by measuring the hazard ratios (HRs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Our meta-analysis included 10 articles. We found that RASSF1A gene promoter methylation was closely related to melanoma susceptibility (OR = 12.67, 95% CI: 6.16 ∼ 26.05, z = 6.90, P<0.0001 according to a fixed effects model and OR = 9.25, 95% CI: 4.37 ∼ 19.54, z = 5.82, P<0.0001 according to a random effects model). The results of the meta-analysis did not reveal any heterogeneity (tau2 = 0.00; H = 1 [1; 1.55]; I2 = 0% [0%; 58.6%], P = 0.5158) or publication bias (t = 0.87, P = 0.4073 by Egger’s test; Z = 0.45, P = 0.6547 by Begg’s test); therefore, we believe that the results of our meta-analysis were more reliable. To explore the relationship between RASSF1A gene methylation, the prognosis of melanoma and the clinical features of this cancer type, we used the melanoma DNA methylation data and clinical data from TCGA project. We found that RASSF1A gene promoter methylation and melanoma prognosis did not demonstrate any relationship (HR was 0.94 (95% CI = [0.69; 1.27], P = 0.694) with disease-free survival and 0.74 (95% CI = [0.53; 1.05], P = 0.106) for overall survival), and no significant difference was observed between RASSF1A gene promoter methylation and the clinical-pathological features of melanoma. Conclusions In conclusion, the meta-analysis of the data in these articles provides strong evidence that the methylation status of the RASSF1A gene promoter was strongly related to melanoma susceptibility. Our bioinformatics analysis revealed no significant difference between RASSF1A gene promoter methylation and the prognosis and clinical-pathological features of melanoma.
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Seliger B, Kloor M, Ferrone S. HLA class II antigen-processing pathway in tumors: Molecular defects and clinical relevance. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1171447. [PMID: 28344859 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1171447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II antigen-processing machinery (APM) presents to cognate CD4+ T-cells antigenic peptides mainly generated from exogeneous proteins in the endocytic compartment. These CD4+ T cells exert helper function, but may also act as effector cells, thereby recognizing HLA class II antigen-expressing tumor cells. Thus, HLA class II antigen expression by tumor cells influences the tumor antigen (TA)-specific immune responses and, depending on the cancer type, the clinical course of the disease. Many types of human cancers express HLA class II antigens, although with marked differences in their frequency. Some types of cancer lack HLA class II antigen expression, which could be due to structural defects or deregulation affecting different components of the complex HLA class II APM and/or from lack of cytokine(s) in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we have summarized the information about HLA class II antigen distribution in normal tissues, the structural organization of the HLA class II APM, their expression and regulation in malignant cells, the defects, which have been identified in malignant cells, and their functional and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Seliger
- Martin Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Immunology , Halle, Germany
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Departments of Surgery and Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
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Yang F, He K, Huang L, Zhang L, Liu A, Zhang J. Casticin inhibits the activity of transcription factor Sp1 and the methylation of RECK in MGC803 gastric cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:745-750. [PMID: 28352361 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.4003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of casticin on reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK) gene expression and intracellular methylation levels in MGC803 gastric cancer cells. Cells were treated with 1, 10 and 30 µmol/l casticin. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to determine the protein expression and mRNA levels of RECK and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect RECK methylation. In addition, MGC803 cell proliferation was measured by an MTT assay and the DNA-binding activity of transcription factor Sp1 was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results demonstrated that treatment with 1, 10 and 30 µmol/l casticin significantly increased RECK protein expression and mRNA levels. In addition, casticin (30 µmol/l) decreased RECK promoter methylation levels by 31%, global DNA methylation levels by 39% and nuclear methylation activity by 71.6%. Furthermore, casticin downregulated the mRNA levels and protein expression of DNMT1. The MTT assay demonstrated that MGC803 cell proliferation was inhibited by casticin treatment and DNA binding assays indicated that casticin reduced the DNA-binding activity of Sp1. The present study therefore indicated that casticin inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer MGC803 cells by upregulating RECK gene expression and reducing intracellular methylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China; Department of Basic Medicine, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Kefei He
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- Medical Department of Chongqing Bishan People's Hospital, Chongqing 402760, P.R. China
| | - Aixue Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Jiren Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
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35
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Tiffen J, Wilson S, Gallagher SJ, Hersey P, Filipp FV. Somatic Copy Number Amplification and Hyperactivating Somatic Mutations of EZH2 Correlate With DNA Methylation and Drive Epigenetic Silencing of Genes Involved in Tumor Suppression and Immune Responses in Melanoma. Neoplasia 2016; 18:121-32. [PMID: 26936398 PMCID: PMC5005314 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic modifier EZH2 is in the center of a repressive complex controlling differentiation of normal cells. In cancer EZH2 has been implicated in silencing tumor suppressor genes. Its role in melanoma as well as target genes affected by EZH2 are poorly understood. In view of this we have used an integrated systems biology approach to analyze 471 cases of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for mutations and amplifications of EZH2. Identified changes in target genes were validated by interrogation of microarray data from melanoma cells treated with the EZH2 inhibitor GSK126. We found that EZH2 activation by mutations, gene amplification and increased transcription occurred in about 20% of the cohort. These alterations were associated with significant hypermethylation of DNA and significant downregulation of 11% of transcripts in patient RNASeq data. GSK126 treatment of melanoma lines containing EZH2 activation reversed such transcriptional repression in 98 candidate target genes. Gene enrichment analysis revealed genes associated with tumor suppression, cell differentiation, cell cycle inhibition and repression of metastases as well as antigen processing and presentation pathways. The identified changes in EZH2 were associated with an adverse prognosis in the TCGA dataset. These results suggest that inhibiting of EZH2 is a promising therapeutic avenue for a substantial fraction of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessamy Tiffen
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Wilson
- Systems Biology and Cancer Metabolism, Program for Quantitative Systems Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Stuart J Gallagher
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Hersey
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Fabian V Filipp
- Systems Biology and Cancer Metabolism, Program for Quantitative Systems Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
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36
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Chatterjee A, Stockwell PA, Rodger EJ, Parry MF, Eccles MR. scan_tcga tools for integrated epigenomic and transcriptomic analysis of tumor subgroups. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1315-1330. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The Cancer Genome Atlas contains multiple levels of genomic data (mutation, gene expression, DNA methylation, copy number variation) for 33 cancer types for almost 11,000 patients. However, a dearth of appropriate software tools makes it difficult for bench scientists to use these data effectively. Materials & methods: Here, we present a suite of flexible, fast and command line-based scripts that will allow retrieval and analysis of DNA methylation (tool: scan_tcga_methylation.awk), mRNA (tool: scan_tcga_mRNA.awk) and miRNA expression (tool: scan_tcga_miRNAs.awk) from cancer genome atlas network level 3 data. Results: We demonstrate the utility of these tools by analyzing DNA methylation and mRNA expression signatures of 60 frequently deregulated cancer genes and also of 30 miRNAs in primary (n = 102) and metastatic melanoma patients (n = 367). Conclusion: Our analysis illustrates the validity of the scan_tcga tools and reveals the epigenomic signatures and importance of identifying smaller patient subgroups with distinct molecular profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter A Stockwell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Euan J Rodger
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Matthew F Parry
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Otago, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
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37
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Izar B, Joyce CE, Goff S, Cho NL, Shah PM, Sharma G, Li J, Ibrahim N, Gold J, Hodi FS, Garraway LA, Novina CD, Bertagnolli MM, Yoon CH. Bidirectional cross talk between patient-derived melanoma and cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes invasion and proliferation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:656-668. [PMID: 27482935 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-stroma interactions are critical for epithelial-derived tumors, and among the stromal cell types, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) exhibit multiple functions that fuel growth, dissemination, and drug resistance. However, these interactions remain insufficiently characterized in non-epithelial tumors such as malignant melanoma. We generated monocultures of melanoma cells and matching CAFs from patients' metastatic lesions, distinguished by oncogenic drivers and immunoblotting of characteristic markers. RNA sequencing of CAFs revealed a homogenous epigenetic program that strongly resembled the signatures from epithelial cancers, including enrichment for an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Melanoma CAFs in monoculture displayed robust invasive behavior while patient-derived melanoma monocultures showed very little invasiveness. Instead, melanoma cells showed increased invasion when co-cultured with CAFs. In turn, CAFs showed increased proliferation when exposed to melanoma conditioned media (CM), mediated in part by melanoma-secreted transforming growth factor-alpha that acted on CAFs via the epidermal growth factor receptor. This study provides evidence that bidirectional interactions between melanoma and CAFs regulate progression of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Izar
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cailin E Joyce
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Goff
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy L Cho
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Parin M Shah
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nageatte Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Gold
- Department of Surgery, VA Boston Health Care Service, Surgical Service, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Levi A Garraway
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl D Novina
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica M Bertagnolli
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles H Yoon
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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38
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Das AM, Bolkestein M, van der Klok T, Oude Ophuis CMC, Vermeulen CE, Rens JAP, Dinjens WNM, Atmodimedjo PN, Verhoef C, Koljenović S, Smits R, Ten Hagen TLM, Eggermont AMM. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) expression decreases during melanoma progression and inhibits melanoma cell migration. Eur J Cancer 2016; 66:34-46. [PMID: 27522248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, and metastatic dissemination to regional and visceral sites is responsible for the majority of melanoma-related mortalities. In a recent study by our group, we observed reduced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) in the majority of stage III melanoma samples studied. TIMP3 has been reported as a tumour suppressor in several human malignancies, with reduced expression correlating with poor clinical outcome. In this study, we investigated the changes in TIMP3 expression during melanoma progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS TIMP3 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry in sequential archived tumour material from stage I/II, stage III and stage IV samples from melanoma patients (n = 33). Protein expression was investigated for associations with disease-free survival and overall survival. Methylation status of the gene promoter was determined using methylation-specific PCR. In vitro assays were used to investigate the functional consequences of TIMP3 expression on behavioural aspects of melanoma cells. RESULTS We show that TIMP3 expression decreases with melanoma progression although no significant clinical associations were obtained. Analysis of the status of promoter methylation using methylation-specific PCR revealed it to be a low-frequency event in melanoma. Additionally, through gene modulation experiments in melanoma cell lines, we show that TIMP3 negatively regulates cell migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggests that TIMP3 functions as a tumour suppressor in melanoma and negatively regulates several aspects of the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha M Das
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel Bolkestein
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thom van der Klok
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cindy E Vermeulen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost A P Rens
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Winand N M Dinjens
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis Verhoef
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Senada Koljenović
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Smits
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander M M Eggermont
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, Villejuif, France.
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39
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Le Tourneau C, Dreno B, Kirova Y, Grob JJ, Jouary T, Dutriaux C, Thomas L, Lebbé C, Mortier L, Saiag P, Avril MF, Maubec E, Joly P, Bey P, Cosset JM, Sun JS, Asselain B, Devun F, Marty ME, Dutreix M. First-in-human phase I study of the DNA-repair inhibitor DT01 in combination with radiotherapy in patients with skin metastases from melanoma. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:1199-205. [PMID: 27140316 PMCID: PMC4891504 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DT01 is a DNA-repair inhibitor preventing recruitment of DNA-repair enzymes at damage sites. Safety, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy through intratumoural and peritumoural injections of DT01 were evaluated in combination with radiotherapy in a first-in-human phase I trial in patients with unresectable skin metastases from melanoma. METHODS Twenty-three patients were included and received radiotherapy (30 Gy in 10 sessions) on all selected tumour lesions, comprising of two lesions injected with DT01 three times a week during the 2 weeks of radiotherapy. DT01 dose levels of 16, 32, 48, 64 and 96 mg were used, in a 3+3 dose escalation design, with an expansion cohort at 96 mg. RESULTS The median follow-up was 180 days. All patients were evaluable for safety and pharmacokinetics. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed and the maximum-tolerated dose was not reached. Most frequent adverse events were reversible grades 1 and 2 injection site reactions. Pharmacokinetic analyses demonstrated a systemic passage of DT01. Twenty-one patients were evaluable for efficacy on 76 lesions. Objective response was observed in 45 lesions (59%), including 23 complete responses (30%). CONCLUSIONS Intratumoural and peritumoural DT01 in combination with radiotherapy is safe and pharmacokinetic analyses suggest a systemic passage of DT01.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Le Tourneau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris & Saint-Cloud 75005, France.,EA7285, Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Versailles 78000, France
| | - B Dreno
- CHU de Nantes-Hôtel Dieu, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Y Kirova
- Radiotherapy Department, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - J J Grob
- La Timone Hospital-APHM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille 13385, France
| | - T Jouary
- Dermatology department, Saint-André Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - C Dutriaux
- Dermatology department, Saint-André Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - L Thomas
- Lyon Sud Hospital Center, Lyon 1 University, Pierre Benite 69495, France
| | - C Lebbé
- Saint-Louis Hospital, APHP, Paris 75010, France
| | - L Mortier
- Dermatology department, CHRU of Lille, Lille 59037, France
| | - P Saiag
- Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne Billancourt 92104, France
| | - M F Avril
- Cochin hospital, APHP, Paris 75014, France
| | - E Maubec
- Bichat Hospital, Paris 75877, France
| | - P Joly
- CHU Rouen, Charles-Nicolle, Rouen 76000, France
| | - P Bey
- Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - J M Cosset
- Radiotherapy Department, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - J S Sun
- DNA Therapeutics, Evry 91058, France
| | - B Asselain
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - F Devun
- DNA Therapeutics, Evry 91058, France.,Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
| | - M E Marty
- Saint-Louis Hospital, APHP, Paris 75010, France
| | - M Dutreix
- Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France.,CNRS-UMR3347, INSERM-U1021, Paris-Sud University, Orsay 91405, France
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40
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Over the last years, our understanding in molecular biology of melanoma has grown significantly and many genetic alterations have been identified affecting melanoma pathogenesis. This growing evidence has led to the development of targeted therapies which are showing promising clinical results. In addition to genetic alterations, an increasing number of studies have recently demonstrated the role of epigenetics in melanoma development and progression. Here, we summarize the current data on epigenetic research in melanoma. RECENT FINDINGS MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiling studies have identified several miRNAs implicated in melanoma cell cycle and proliferation, cell migration and invasion, as well as miRNAs involved in apoptosis and immune response. Abnormal methylation profiling has been associated with melanoma progression and to date aberrant hypermethylation in more than 70 genes has been described. Recent works have highlighted the increasing evidence of the role of histone modification as a central regulatory event in melanoma pathogenesis. SUMMARY Many of these epigenetic biomarkers may have potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications. Future approach might be using a combination of genetic and epigenetic biomarkers.
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41
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Hickman OJ, Smith RA, Dasgupta P, Rao SN, Nayak S, Sreenivasan S, Vyakarnam A, Galustian C. Expression of two WFDC1/ps20 isoforms in prostate stromal cells induces paracrine apoptosis through regulation of PTGS2/COX-2. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:1235-42. [PMID: 27115470 PMCID: PMC4891514 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WFDC1/Prostate stromal 20 (ps20) is a small secreted protein highly expressed within the prostate stroma. WFDC1/ps20 expression is frequently downregulated or lost in prostate cancer (PCa) and ps20 has demonstrated growth-suppressive functions in numerous tumour model systems, although the mechanisms of this phenomenon are not understood. METHODS Ps20 was cloned and overexpressed in DU145, PC3, LNCaP and WPMY-1 cells. Cellular growth, cell cycle and apoptosis were characterised. WPMY-1 stromal cells expressing ps20 were characterised by transcriptome microarray and the function of WPMY-1 conditioned media on growth of PCa cell lines was assessed. RESULTS Prostrate stromal 20 expression enhanced the proliferation of LNCaP cells, whereas stromal WPMY-1 cells were inhibited and underwent increased apoptosis. Prostrate stromal 20-expressing WPMY-1 cells secrete a potently proapoptotic conditioned media. Prostrate stromal 20 overexpression upregulates expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LNCaP and WPMY-1 cells, and induces expression of a growth-suppressive phenotype, which inhibits proliferation of PCa cells by ps20-expressing WPMY-1 conditioned media. This growth suppression was subsequently shown to be dependent on COX-2 function. CONCLUSIONS This work posits that expression of ps20 in the prostate stroma can regulate growth of epithelial and other tissues through the prostaglandin synthase pathway, and thereby restricts development and progression of neoplasms. This provides a rational for selective pressure against ps20 expression in tumour- associated stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Hickman
- Department of Infectious Disease, King's College London, Guys Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Richard A Smith
- Division of Transplantation, King's College London, Guys Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- Division of Transplantation, King's College London, Guys Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Soumya Nayak
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronics City Phase I, Bengaluru 560 100, India
| | - Shubha Sreenivasan
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Annapurna Vyakarnam
- Department of Infectious Disease, King's College London, Guys Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Christine Galustian
- Division of Transplantation, King's College London, Guys Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
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42
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Peng HY, Jiang SS, Hsiao JR, Hsiao M, Hsu YM, Wu GH, Chang WM, Chang JY, Jin SLC, Shiah SG. IL-8 induces miR-424-5p expression and modulates SOCS2/STAT5 signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:895-909. [PMID: 27038552 PMCID: PMC5423170 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are negative feedback regulators of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. Dysregulation of SOCS protein expression in cancers can be one of the mechanisms that maintain STAT activation, but this mechanism is still poorly understood in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we report that SOCS2 protein is significantly downregulated in OSCC patients and its levels are inversely correlated with miR‐424‐5p expression. We identified the SOCS2 protein, which modulates STAT5 activity, as a direct target of miR‐424‐5p. The miR‐424‐5p‐induced STAT5 phosphorylation, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression, and cell migration and invasion were blocked by SOCS2 restoration, suggesting that miR‐424‐5p exhibits its oncogenic activity through negatively regulating SOCS2 levels. Furthermore, miR‐424‐5p expression could be induced by the cytokine IL‐8 primarily through enhancing STAT5 transcriptional activity rather than NF‐κB signaling. Antagomir‐mediated inactivation of miR‐424‐5p prevented the IL‐8‐induced cell migration and invasion, indicating that miR‐424‐5p is required for IL‐8‐induced cellular invasiveness. Taken together, these data indicate that STAT5‐dependent expression of miR‐424‐5p plays an important role in mediating IL‐8/STAT5/SOCS2 feedback loop, and scavenging miR‐424‐5p function using antagomir may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of OSCC. miR‐424‐5p is overexpressed in OSCC. miR‐424‐5p directly targets SOCS2, leading to increased cell migration and invasion. STAT5 activation is required for IL‐8‐mediated miR‐424‐5p transcription. miR‐424‐5p plays an important role in mediating IL‐8/STAT5/SOCS2 feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Yu Peng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Collaborative Oncology Group, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ming Hsu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hsun Wu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Min Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medical, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Shine-Gwo Shiah
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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Venza M, Visalli M, Catalano T, Biondo C, Beninati C, Teti D, Venza I. DNA methylation-induced E-cadherin silencing is correlated with the clinicopathological features of melanoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2451-60. [PMID: 26883095 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin, a calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule, has an important role in epithelial cell function, maintenance of tissue architecture and cancer suppression. Loss of E-cadherin promotes tumor metastatic dissemination and predicts poor prognosis. The present study investigated the clinicopathological significance of E-cadherin expression in cutaneous, mucosal and uveal melanoma related to epigenetic mechanisms that may contribute to E-cadherin silencing. E-cadherin expression was reduced in 55/130 cutaneous (42.3%), 49/82 mucosal (59.7%) and 36/64 uveal (56.2%) melanoma samples as compared to normal skin controls and was inversely associated with promoter methylation. Of the 10 different CpG sites studied (nt 863, 865, 873, 879, 887, 892, 901, 918, 920 and 940), two sites (nt 892 and 940) were 90-100% methylated in all the melanoma specimens examined and the other ones were partially methylated (range, 53-86%). In contrast, the methylation rate of the E-cadherin gene was low in normal tissues (range, 5-24%). In all the three types of melanoma studied, a significant correlation was found between reduced levels of E-cadherin and reduced survival, high mitotic index and metastasis, accounting for the predilection of lymph nodal localization. In cutaneous and mucosal melanoma, low E-cadherin expression was positively correlated also with head/neck localization and ulceration. A high frequency of reduced E-cadherin levels occurred in choroid melanomas. In vitro experiments showed that E-cadherin transcription was restored following 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) treatment or DNMT1 silencing and was negatively correlated with the invasive potential of melanoma cells. The significant relationship between E-cadherin silencing and several poor prognostic factors indicates that this adhesion molecule may play an important role in melanomagenesis. Therefore, the inverse association of E-cadherin expression with promoter methylation raises the intriguing possibility that reactivation of E-cadherin expression through promoter demethylation may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Venza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Visalli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Biondo
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Azienda Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Beninati
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Azienda Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Diana Teti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Isabella Venza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, Messina, Italy
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44
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Association of TIMP3 expression with vessel density, macrophage infiltration and prognosis in human malignant melanoma. Eur J Cancer 2015; 53:135-43. [PMID: 26707830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Several anti-tumour properties have been ascribed to the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP3) gene, including inhibition of neovascularisation in tumour xenografts. Reduced protein expression has been linked to promoter hypermethylation and allelic loss of heterozygosity in various human malignancies. In melanoma-positive lymph nodes from patients, we evaluated the association between TIMP3 expression, vessel density, macrophage infiltration and potential correlations with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). PATIENTS AND METHODS TIMP3 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in melanoma lymph node biopsies of stage III melanoma patients (n = 43). Blood vessel density and macrophage infiltration were quantitatively assessed and correlation with TIMP3 expression was investigated. Methylation status of the gene promoter was determined using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). Protein expression and promoter methylation status were investigated for associations with DFS and OS. RESULTS Reduced expression of TIMP3, as determined by IHC, was observed in 74% of the cases (32 in 43). A significant inverse correlation was observed between TIMP3 expression and vessel density (p = 0.031). Correlation between TIMP3 expression and macrophage infiltration was not statistically significant (p = 0.369). MSP analysis revealed methylation of the gene promoter in 18% (7 in 38) of the analysed cases. No differences in OS and DFS were observed between cases with high and low TIMP3 expression. Gene promoter methylation was significantly associated with both poor 5-year DFS (p = 0.024) and OS (p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that TIMP3 is a dominant negative regulator of angiogenesis in cutaneous melanoma and gene silencing by promoter methylation is associated with poor outcome.
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Noguchi S, Mori T, Igase M, Mizuno T. A novel apoptosis-inducing mechanism of 5-aza-2′-deoxycitidine in melanoma cells: Demethylation of TNF-α and activation of FOXO1. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:344-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Martinez-Cardús A, Vizoso M, Moran S, Manzano JL. Epigenetic mechanisms involved in melanoma pathogenesis and chemoresistance. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:209. [PMID: 26488005 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.06.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of highly recurrent mutations in melanoma, such as BRAF(V600E), completely changed the clinical management including therapy of melanoma patients. In the era of Personalized Medicine targeted melanoma therapies showed high response rates, currently evidenced by BRAF inhibitors or immune-stimulating therapies. In addition to genetic biomarkers, epigenetic knowledge in melanoma has undergone a major step forward in recent years. In particular, epigenetics is unveiling new perspectives to fight this disease, providing an encouraging number of DNA methylation based biomarkers that will likely improve patient stratification for prognosis and treatment. In this regard, putative targetable biomarkers or those with predictive value for the outcome of currently applied therapies are promising tools for future precision oncology strategies. In addition, the progress made in genetic and epigenetic profiling technologies and their reconfiguration to real-time clinical screening approaches makes personalized medicine in melanoma an achievable objective in upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Martinez-Cardús
- 1 Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ; 2 Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miguel Vizoso
- 1 Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ; 2 Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sebastian Moran
- 1 Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ; 2 Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Manzano
- 1 Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ; 2 Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
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Sarkar D, Leung EY, Baguley BC, Finlay GJ, Askarian-Amiri ME. Epigenetic regulation in human melanoma: past and future. Epigenetics 2015; 10:103-21. [PMID: 25587943 PMCID: PMC4622872 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2014.1003746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and progression of melanoma have been attributed to independent or combined genetic and epigenetic events. There has been remarkable progress in understanding melanoma pathogenesis in terms of genetic alterations. However, recent studies have revealed a complex involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of gene expression, including methylation, chromatin modification and remodeling, and the diverse activities of non-coding RNAs. The roles of gene methylation and miRNAs have been relatively well studied in melanoma, but other studies have shown that changes in chromatin status and in the differential expression of long non-coding RNAs can lead to altered regulation of key genes. Taken together, they affect the functioning of signaling pathways that influence each other, intersect, and form networks in which local perturbations disturb the activity of the whole system. Here, we focus on how epigenetic events intertwine with these pathways and contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of melanoma.
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Key Words
- 5hmC, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
- 5mC, 5-methylcytosine
- ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme
- ANCR, anti-differentiation non-coding RNA
- ANRIL, antisense noncoding RNA in INK4 locus
- ASK1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid
- BANCR, BRAF-activated non-coding RNA
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- BRAF, B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase
- BRG1, ATP-dependent helicase SMARCA4
- CAF-1, chromatin assembly factor-1
- CBX7, chromobox homolog 7
- CCND1, cyclin D1
- CD28, cluster of differentiation 28
- CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase
- CDKN2A/B, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B
- CHD8, chromodomain-helicase DNA-binding protein 8
- CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein
- CUDR, cancer upregulated drug resistant
- Cdc6, cell division cycle 6
- DNA methylation/demethylation
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferase
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- EZH2, enhancer of zeste homolog 2
- GPCRs, G-protein coupled receptors
- GSK3a, glycogen synthase kinase 3 α
- GWAS, genome-wide association study
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HOTAIR, HOX antisense intergenic RNA
- IAP, inhibitor of apoptosis
- IDH2, isocitrate dehydrogenase
- IFN, interferon, interleukin 23
- JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase
- Jak/STAT, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription
- MAFG, v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog G
- MALAT1, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MC1R, melanocortin-1 receptor
- MGMT, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
- MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor
- MITF, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
- MRE, miRNA recognition element
- MeCP2, methyl CpG binding protein 2
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NOD, nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain
- PBX, pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox
- PEDF, pigment epithelium derived factor
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase
- PIB5PA, phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-biphosphate 5-phosphatase A
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PRC, polycomb repressor complex
- PSF, PTB associated splicing factor
- PTB, polypyrimidine tract-binding
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- RARB, retinoic acid receptor-β2
- RASSF1A, Ras association domain family 1A
- SETDB1, SET Domain, bifurcated 1
- SPRY4, Sprouty 4
- STAU1, Staufen1
- SWI/SNF, SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable
- TCR, T-cell receptor
- TET, ten eleven translocase
- TGF β, transforming growth factor β
- TINCR, tissue differentiation-inducing non-protein coding RNA
- TOR, target of rapamycin
- TP53, tumor protein 53
- TRAF6, TNF receptor-associated factor 6
- UCA1, urothelial carcinoma-associated 1
- ceRNA, competitive endogenous RNAs
- chromatin modification
- chromatin remodeling
- epigenetics
- gene regulation
- lncRNA, long ncRNA
- melanoma
- miRNA, micro RNA
- ncRNA, non-coding RNA
- ncRNAs
- p14ARF, p14 alternative reading frame
- p16INK4a, p16 inhibitor of CDK4
- pRB, retinoblastoma protein
- snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA
- α-MSHm, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone
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Affiliation(s)
- Debina Sarkar
- a Auckland Cancer Society Research Center ; University of Auckland ; Auckland , New Zealand
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Gavrilina OA, Zvonkov EE, Biderman BV, Severina NA, Parovichnikova EN. [SOCSJ gene mutations in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015; 87:105-111. [PMID: 26390734 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh2015877105-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous group of diseases, which accounts for 30% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Current molecular studies have confirmed that there are several DLBCL subtypes characterized by different cellular origin, cytogenetic profile, molecular genetic disorders, and different pathogenesis. Impaired JAK-STAT signaling is a part of the pathogenesis of various cancers, including DLBCL. The review deals with the molecular genetic aspects of the occurrence of DLBCL and the function of the SOCSI gene that has been proven to be responsible for the development of several cancers. Mutations of this gene result from spontaneously impaired B-cell somatic hypermutation and they are frequently inactivating. The presence of point mutations in the functionally significant region of this gene in DLBCL could identify a group of patients with poor prognosis during standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Gavrilina
- Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E E Zvonkov
- Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - B V Biderman
- Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Severina
- Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E N Parovichnikova
- Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Melnik BC. MiR-21: an environmental driver of malignant melanoma? J Transl Med 2015; 13:202. [PMID: 26116372 PMCID: PMC4482047 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the mid-1950’s, melanoma incidence has been rising steadily in industrialized Caucasian populations, thereby pointing to the pivotal involvement of environmental factors in melanomagenesis. Recent evidence underlines the crucial role of microRNA (miR) signaling in cancer initiation and progression. Increased miR-21 expression has been observed during the transition from a benign melanocytic lesion to malignant melanoma, exhibiting highest expression of miR-21. Notably, common BRAF and NRAS mutations in cutaneous melanoma are associated with increased miR-21 expression. MiR-21 is an oncomiR that affects critical target genes of malignant melanoma, resulting in sustained proliferation (PTEN, PI3K, Sprouty, PDCD4, FOXO1, TIPE2, p53, cyclin D1), evasion from apoptosis (FOXO1, FBXO11, APAF1, TIMP3, TIPE2), genetic instability (MSH2, FBXO11, hTERT), increased oxidative stress (FOXO1), angiogenesis (PTEN, HIF1α, TIMP3), invasion and metastasis (APAF1, PTEN, PDCD4, TIMP3). The purpose of this review is to provide translational evidence for major environmental and individual factors that increase the risk of melanoma, such as UV irradiation, chemical noxes, air pollution, smoking, chronic inflammation, Western nutrition, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and higher age, which are associated with increased miR-21 signaling. Exosomal miR-21 induced by extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli may be superimposed on mutation-induced miR-21 pathways of melanoma cells. Thus, oncogenic miR-21 signaling may be the converging point of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli driving melanomagenesis. Future strategies of melanoma treatment and prevention should thus aim at reducing the burden of miR-21 signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Sedanstrasse 115, 49090, Osnabrück, Germany.
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Targeting JAK kinase in solid tumors: emerging opportunities and challenges. Oncogene 2015; 35:939-51. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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