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Maenhout L, Melville CA. Unravelling the link between physical activity and peer social connectedness in young people with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review of quantitative studies. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2024; 68:95-112. [PMID: 37821423 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited understanding of the context surrounding physical activity (PA) of young people with intellectual disabilities (ID), which has an impact on the development of PA promotion programmes. Peer social connectedness seems to be a vital correlate to focus on, but has not been included in current studies examining the correlates and determinants of PA levels of young people with ID. This study aims to synthesise the evidence on (1) the social constructs researchers have used to conceptualise peer social connectedness in a PA context among young people with ID, (2) the measurement tools that have been used and (3) the relationship between PA and peer social connectedness in young people with ID. METHODS The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, ERIC, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched from 1 January 1996 up to, and including, July 2023 to identify English-language studies, which examined associations between PA and peer social connectedness in adolescents and young adults (13-24 years) with ID. Study quality was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields. RESULTS Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Ten peer social connectedness constructs and 18 measurement instruments were identified. Studies were predominantly focused on Special Olympics participants and unified activity formats. Participation in PA can increase social connectedness, but there is a lack of studies examining whether PA can also be increased by focusing on peer social connectedness in young people with ID. CONCLUSIONS Results show that peer social connectedness is recognised as relevant to researchers developing and testing PA programmes for young people with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maenhout
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C A Melville
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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2
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Maenhout L, Latomme J, Cardon G, Crombez G, Van Hove G, Compernolle S. Synergizing the Behavior Change Wheel and a Cocreative Approach to Design a Physical Activity Intervention for Adolescents and Young Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: Development Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e51693. [PMID: 38206648 PMCID: PMC10811596 DOI: 10.2196/51693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for physical activity promotion interventions in adolescents and young adults with intellectual disabilities. Current interventions have shown limited effectiveness, which may be attributed to the absence of theory and a population-specific development. Combining a planning model (including theory) and cocreation with the target audience during intervention development could potentially address this gap. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to report the systematic development of the Move it, Move ID! intervention by describing how the 8 different steps of the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) were applied and present the results that emerged from those steps. In doing so, the (theoretical) content of the intervention is described in detail. METHODS A total of 23 adolescents and young adults (aged 14-22 years) with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities were designated as cocreators of the intervention. Across 2 groups, 6 similar cocreation sessions were organized in each. The content and sequence of the sessions were structured to align with the 8 steps of the BCW. All sessions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Both a deductive (ie, steps of the BCW) and inductive (ie, resonating the voice of the participants) analysis approach were applied specifically focusing on identifying and describing the findings within each of the BCW steps. RESULTS After behavioral analysis (steps 1-4), 10 intervention goals were chosen and linked to Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation-Behavior components (theory within the BCW) that needed to be addressed. Psychological capability, social opportunity, and reflective motivation were emphasized as the first targets to focus on. A key finding was the urge for real-life social connectedness and social integration, which makes the social component as part of physical activity a central theme to focus on within intervention development. Judgments on the most suitable intervention functions (step 5) and behavior change techniques (step 7) were explained. When discussing the mode of delivery of the intervention (step 8), it was underscored that solely relying on a mobile health app would not fulfill participants' social needs. Hence, the chosen intervention adopts a dyadic approach in which young individuals with intellectual disabilities are matched with peers without intellectual disabilities to engage in physical activities together, with a mobile app playing a supportive role in this partnership. CONCLUSIONS The transparent description of the development process highlights why certain intervention components and behavior change techniques were chosen and how they are intertwined by means of the selected intervention design. This paper provides a detailed blueprint for practitioners wanting to integrate the BCW and its associated behavior change techniques, in combination with actively involving the target group, into their intervention development for people with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maenhout
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Latomme
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Crombez
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Van Hove
- Department of Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Compernolle
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Douglass E, Johnson C, Lucas G, Dowling S. "Work with us… to make it more accessible". What women with intellectual disabilities want from infant-feeding health resources: an exploratory study. Int Breastfeed J 2023; 18:67. [PMID: 38066508 PMCID: PMC10704706 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-023-00606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More women with intellectual disabilities are becoming mothers but fewer are known to breastfeed compared with other women. Women with intellectual disabilities are entitled to accessible antenatal and infant feeding information, yet are rarely asked for their views on available resources. This article reports on the final stage of a UK project exploring how women with intellectual disabilities are supported to make infant feeding decisions. The wider project includes a scoping review and interviews with healthcare professionals, here we focus on the voices of the women themselves. METHODS Four women with an intellectual disability participated in a focus group where they were asked to give their views on the accessibility of currently available infant feeding resources and on alternative representations of infant feeding. All were interested in women's health issues, including infant feeding. Photo-elicitation was used to gather views on videos, bespoke 'Easy Read' material and several alternative representations of infant feeding. A transcription of the discussion was thematically analysed whilst a critical visual analysis was undertaken of the women's preferred images/resources. The study took place in Bristol, UK, during 2022. RESULTS Two themes were identified from the group discussion: 'The desire for choice' and 'How easy is 'Easy Read'?' The desire for choice was expressed in terms through agreements and disagreements about preferred imagery, differing tastes, and reasons for these preferences. We identified a challenge to 'Easy Read' as a default standard and concerns that some forms of 'Easy Read' can confuse rather than inform. Critical visual analysis identified the importance of the story and social setting of the preferred infant feeding image. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest a need for a suite of resources, avoiding the one-size-fits-all approach, including people with an intellectual disability at every stage of the design and production process. Resources should recognise and embrace differences in terms of understanding, visual literacy and cultural taste, as well as being freely available to support women with intellectual disabilities to make informed infant feeding decisions. An accessible film was co-produced, to disseminate the findings from all three stages of the completed project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Douglass
- School of Health and Social Wellbeing, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Glenside Campus, Blackberry Hill, Fishponds, Bristol, BS16 1DD, UK
| | - Clare Johnson
- School of Arts, College of Arts, Technology and Environment, University of the West of England Bristol, City Campus, Arnolfini, 6 Narrow Quay, Bristol, BS1 4QA, UK
| | - Geraldine Lucas
- School of Health and Social Wellbeing, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Glenside Campus, Blackberry Hill, Fishponds, Bristol, BS16 1DD, UK
| | - Sally Dowling
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, 69 St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8DZ, UK.
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4
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Noyek S, Davies C, Champagne M, Batorowicz B, Fayed N. Emotional Well-Being of Children and Youth with Severe Motor and Communication Impairment: A Conceptual Understanding. Dev Neurorehabil 2022; 25:554-575. [PMID: 35900109 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2022.2099997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and youth with severe motor and communication impairment (SMCI) have difficulty providing self-expression through typical speech, writing with a paper and pencil, or using a standard keyboard. Their emotional expressions can be missed by peers and novel caregivers. PURPOSE To describe the indicators and components of emotional experiences for children/youth with SMCI. METHODS Primary guardians of nine children/youth with SMCI were involved in photo/video data collection and follow-up qualitative interviews. Twenty-one familiar people (e.g., friends, family members, and/or care team) participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews. RESULTS A conceptual understanding of emotional well-being specific to the population has been developed consisting of nine themes, encompassed by four domains i) Core Attributes, ii) Personal Experiences, iii) Surroundings, iv) Expression and Reception. CONCLUSIONS Emotional experiences of children/youth with SMCI are diversely expressed. Primary guardian and familiar person insight can be amplified to positively impact care and participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Noyek
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Claire Davies
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Maude Champagne
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Beata Batorowicz
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Nora Fayed
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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5
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Rodriquez J, Lanser A, Jacobs HE, Smith A, Ganguly S. When the Normative Is Formative: Parents' Perceptions of the Impacts of Inclusive Sports Programs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10889. [PMID: 36078605 PMCID: PMC9518087 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative study examines the perspectives of parents of youth with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) who participated in Special Olympics Unified Sports®, a program in which high school students with and without IDD compete on the same team. Based on semi-structured interviews with parents (n = 23) as part of a larger evaluation of Special Olympics Unified Champion Schools in three states in the United States, thematic analysis shows that parents perceived improvements in their child's social and emotional skills, including demeanor and attitude, an enhanced sense of belonging at school, the emergence of new friendships and social opportunities, and rewarding interactions that flowed from the opportunity to engage in normative activities. Implications for schools and families are discussed in terms of the importance of providing and facilitating meaningful opportunities for inclusive extracurricular activities such as sports for youth with IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Rodriquez
- Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
- Center for Social Development and Education, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Anika Lanser
- Center for Social Development and Education, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Holly E. Jacobs
- Center for Social Development and Education, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Ashlyn Smith
- Special Olympics, Inc., Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Sharbari Ganguly
- Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
- Center for Social Development and Education, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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6
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Lloyd M, Dobranowski K, Cheng SY, Temple VA, Foley JT, Lunsky Y, Lin E, Balogh R. Matching Special Olympics Registration Data with Administrative Health Databases: Feasibility and Health Status Differences in Children and Youth with IDD. Disabil Health J 2022; 15:101319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2022.101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Quality of Participation Experiences in Special Olympics Sports Programs. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2022; 39:17-36. [PMID: 34740991 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2021-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined experiential elements facilitating quality sport experiences for youth (ages 12-24 years) in Special Olympics, and the associated influences of sport program and sociodemographic characteristics. A total of 451 athletes involved in the 2019 Special Olympics Youth Games completed a survey assessing elements of quality participation (autonomy, belongingness, challenge, engagement, mastery, and meaning). The t tests investigated whether athletes with intellectual and developmental disabilities rated elements differently across Traditional and Unified Sport programs. Regression analyses explored whether sport program and sociodemographic characteristics were predictors of these elements. Youth reported high mean scores across the elements, with no significant differences between athletes with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Traditional or Unified Sport. Athletes with no reported disability rated higher autonomy than those who reported disability (p = .01). Women tended to report greater engagement in sport than men (p = .07). Findings provide theoretical and practical insights into quality sport participation among youth in Special Olympics.
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8
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Komenda S, Springstein T, Zrnić I, Zeilinger E, Franken F, Weber G. Satisfaction with life in Special Olympic athletes: the role of autonomy support and basic need fulfilment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 68:964-972. [PMID: 36568617 PMCID: PMC9788706 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2021.1917110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Athletes in the general population report higher satisfaction of basic needs when coaches are providing an autonomy supportive sport climate (ASSC). Our study aims at investigating whether ASSC is associated with satisfaction with life in athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID) and whether this association is mediated by basic need satisfaction. Method: During the Special Olympics World Winter Games 2017, 168 athletes with ID (M = 33.86 years; SD = 10.47) completed questionnaires measuring ASSC, basic need satisfaction (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), and satisfaction with life. Multiple linear regression analyses and mediation analyses were performed. The mediation model was controlled for the potential impact of participating in team vs. individual sports. Additionally, gender effects were explored. Results: ASSC was significantly associated with satisfaction with life (β = .38, p < .001). This association was mediated by competence (indirect effect: ab1 = .15; CI [.05; .32]) but not by autonomy or relatedness. No effects were found related to participating in team vs. individual sports or gender. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that an ASSC is associated with athletes perceiving themselves as more competent and reporting more satisfaction with life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Komenda
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence to: Sophie Komenda Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tabea Springstein
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Current Address: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Irina Zrnić
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Zeilinger
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Current Address: Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Franken
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Current Address: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Germain Weber
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Lumia CM, Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP, Moola FJ, McPherson AC. Using photo-elicitation to explore health promotion concepts with children and adolescents with disabilities: a rapid scoping review. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:5708-5718. [PMID: 34227449 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1945690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is important to directly engage children and adolescents with disabilities (CAWD) in health promotion research to ensure their health needs are met. Arts-based research methods may help CAWD better express their ideas; photo-elicitation is one such technique, using self-captured photographs to enhance verbal descriptions of complex concepts. This review 1) summarizes findings from health promotion studies using photo-elicitation with CAWD; 2) explores benefits and challenges of using photo-elicitation; 3) identifies recommended photo-elicitation practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS A scoping review was conducted using rapid review principles. Four health and social science databases were searched (2009-2019) using terms related to children, adolescents, disability, and photo-elicitation. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were summarized and analyzed thematically. RESULTS Eight studies met inclusion criteria and explored a range of health promotion topics. Benefits of photo-elicitation included the ability to mediate communication and direct participants' focus. Challenges included difficulty operating a camera and understanding instructions about photograph subject matter. Four recommended practices were identified: 1) brainstorming photograph ideas; 2) photograph-taking training; 3) having CAWD select photographs for discussion; 4) limiting the number of photographs CAWD could capture. CONCLUSIONS Integrating practices to support CAWD in using photo-elicitation can help researchers more fully understand their health experiences.Implications for RehabilitationThere is a need to directly engage children and adolescents with disabilities to express themselves in health promotion research.The arts-based method of photo-elicitation may help children and adolescents with disabilities convey how they view and experience health.Children and adolescents with disabilities may need supports, including camera training, to participate in photo-elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste M Lumia
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kelly P Arbour-Nicitopoulos
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fiona J Moola
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,School of Early Childhood Studies, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amy C McPherson
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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10
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Aitchison B, Rushton AB, Martin P, Barr M, Soundy A, Heneghan NR. The experiences and perceived health benefits of individuals with a disability participating in sport: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Disabil Health J 2021; 15:101164. [PMID: 34238729 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports participation has many physical and mental health benefits for individuals with a disability including improved functionality and reduced anxiety, yet a large proportion of individuals with a disability are inactive. OBJECTIVE To investigate the experiences and perceived health benefits of sport participation across four disability populations: children and adolescents, adults, elite athletes and veterans with a disability. METHODS A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted. Eligible studies had participants who were children, adults, elite athletes or veterans with a physical, visual or intellectual disability. Data were extracted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool and quality assessment involved the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs (QATSDD). Content, thematic and narrative synthesis techniques were used. Confidence in cumulative evidence was determined using GRADE-CERQual and Classes of Evidence. RESULTS Several positive aspects of sport participation were highlighted across all four populations, including socialisation opportunities, pure enjoyment, a sense of freedom and providing an arena to challenge stereotypes. The paucity of research within the 'veterans with a disability' group limited analysis of experiences and benefits of sport in this population. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review was the first to explore this phenomena, finding that overall sport is a beneficial experience for individuals with a disability. The positive aspects should be promoted when encouraging sport participation for children, adolescents, adults and elite athletes. More research is needed to explore these phenomena in veterans and to compare perceived benefits between populations to enable tailored promotion of sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Aitchison
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Alison B Rushton
- School of Physical Therapy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Paul Martin
- English Institute of Sport, The Manchester Institute of Health and Performance, Manchester, UK.
| | - Marc Barr
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Andrew Soundy
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Nicola R Heneghan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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11
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Zhao WM, Thirumal K, Renwick R, DuBois D. Belonging through sport participation for young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 34:402-420. [PMID: 33086436 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that sport facilitates belonging for diverse athletes. This scoping review characterizes literature on sport participation and belonging for young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search of five databases identified 17,497 articles. Selected articles (N = 39) underwent data extraction and analysis guided by a theoretical framework of belonging, outlining four processes through which belonging is experienced by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. RESULTS Articles originated from developed countries and in the context of Special Olympics (N = 17). Studies commonly used qualitative interviews with proxy respondents. While all studies described at least one belonging process, only 11 studies applied the term "belonging," and no study defined the construct. CONCLUSION Belonging is not well-conceptualized in sports literature for athletes with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Understanding belonging through sport participation for this population may inform sport-based policies and programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Mai Zhao
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kirtana Thirumal
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rebecca Renwick
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Denise DuBois
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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12
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Weiss JA, Robinson S, Harlow M, Mosher A, Fraser-Thomas J, Balogh R, Lunsky Y. Individual and contextual predictors of retention in Special Olympics for youth with intellectual disability: who stays involved? JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2020; 64:512-523. [PMID: 32390189 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the recognised benefits of sport, participation is often reported to be low for youth with intellectual disability (ID). The current study was the first to longitudinally examine sport retention in this population, a critical aspect of ensuring participation. METHODS Study participants were parents/caregivers of athletes with ID involved in community Special Olympics (SO), 11-22 years of age (N = 345). Participants completed an online survey in 2012 that included caregiver demographic and athlete intrapersonal, interpersonal and broader contextual variables. Retention rates for 2019 were determined using the SO provincial registration lists. RESULTS Of the 345 survey participants, 81.7% remained active athletes in 2019. Caregiver demographic and athlete intrapersonal factors were largely unrelated to retention. In contrast, retention was associated with the frequency and number of sports athletes participated in, the perceived psychosocial gains of SO involvement and the environmental supports that were available to facilitate participation; frequency of sport participation was the strongest predictor of remaining a registered athlete. CONCLUSIONS This study has implications for future initiatives aimed at increasing sport retention in a population that struggles to be engaged in sport. Efforts should focus on the athlete experience and sport-specific factors. Coaches and caregivers can foster positive experiences and play an important role in continued sport participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Weiss
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Robinson
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Harlow
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Mosher
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Fraser-Thomas
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Balogh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y Lunsky
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addictionand Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Watchman K, Mattheys K, Doyle A, Boustead L, Rincones O. Revisiting Photovoice: Perceptions of Dementia Among Researchers With Intellectual Disability. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:1019-1032. [PMID: 32052693 PMCID: PMC7252602 DOI: 10.1177/1049732319901127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There is limited global evidence exploring perceptions of dementia among people with intellectual disabilities. This article presents findings from the first known study where an inclusive research team, including members with intellectual disability, used photovoice methodology to visually represent views of people with intellectual disabilities and dementia. Drawing on Freire's empowerment pedagogy, the study aims were consistent with global photovoice aims: enabling people to visually record critical dialogue about dementia through photography and social change. We investigated the benefits and challenges of photovoice methodology with this population and sought to identify perspectives of dementia from people with intellectual disabilities. Data collected identified issues such as peers "disappearing" and the importance of maintaining friendship as dementia progressed. Although reaching policymakers is a key aim of photovoice, this may not always be achievable, suggesting that revisiting Freire's original methodological aims may lead to improved outcomes in co-produced research with marginalized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Doyle
- University of Stirling, Stirling, United
Kingdom
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