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Jing J, Ouyang L, Zhang H, Liang K, Ma R, Ge X, Tang T, Zhao S, Xue T, Shen J, Ma J, Li Z, Wu J, Yang Y, Zhao W, Zheng L, Qian Z, Sun S, Ge Y, Chen L, Li C, Yao B. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and its metabolite 12-HEPE rescue busulfan disrupted spermatogenesis via target to GPR120. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13551. [PMID: 37743695 PMCID: PMC10849791 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Busulfan is an antineoplastic, which is always accompanied with the abnormal of spermatogonia self-renewal and differentiation. It has been demonstrated that the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) benefits mature spermatozoa. However, whether omega-3 can protect endogenous spermatogonia and the detailed mechanisms are still unclear. Evaluate of spermatogenesis function (in vivo) were examined by histopathological analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting. The levels of lipid metabolites in testicular tissue were determined via liquid chromatography. We investigated the effect of lipid metabolites on Sertoli cells provided paracrine factors to regulate spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation using co-culture system. In our study, we showed that omega-3 PUFAs significantly improved the process of sperm production and elevated the quantity of both undifferentiated Lin28+ spermatogonia and differentiated c-kit+ spermatogonia in a mouse model where spermatogenic function was disrupted by busulfan. Mass spectrometry revealed an increase in the levels of several omega-3 metabolites in the testes of mice fed with omega-3 PUFAs. The eicosapentaenoic acid metabolite 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12-HEPE) up-regulated bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) expression through GPR120-ERK1/2 pathway activation in Sertoli cells and restored spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation. Our study provides evidence that omega-3 PUFAs metabolite 12-HEPE effectively protects spermatogonia and reveals that GPR120 might be a tractable pharmacological target for fertility in men received chemotherapy or severe spermatogenesis dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lei Ouyang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kuan Liang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rujun Ma
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xie Ge
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shanmeizi Zhao
- School of Life ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tongmin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Reproductive Medical Center, Clinical Medical College (Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital)Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Jiaming Shen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jinzhao Ma
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Wu
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Basic Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhang Qian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shanshan Sun
- School of Life ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yifeng Ge
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chaojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Bing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical CollegeNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- School of Life ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
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Wu S, Zhao F, He Y, He T, Duan S, Feng G, Chen Y, Wang X, Szeto IMY, Lin L, Cai L. Association between maternal erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid levels during pregnancy and offspring weight status: A birth cohort study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:978679. [PMID: 36245520 PMCID: PMC9557224 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.978679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The findings of the association between maternal polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels during pregnancy and offspring weight status are controversial. Furthermore, few studies have focused on Asian populations or used erythrocyte membranes as biological markers. We aimed to examine the associations between maternal erythrocyte PUFA and offspring weight status within the first 2 years among the Chinese population. Materials and methods A total of 607 mother-child pairs were recruited from a birth cohort. Maternal erythrocyte n-3 and n-6 PUFA during pregnancy were measured by gas chromatography, and the ratio of PUFA was calculated. Weight- and body mass index (BMI)-for-age z (WAZ and BAZ) scores were calculated for offspring at 1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. The risk of overweight and obesity was defined by the WHO criterion. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model was carried out for repeated anthropometric data within 2 years of age. Results Maternal erythrocyte docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, n-3) was inversely associated with offspring BAZ score [tertile 2 vs. tertile 1, β: −0.18 (−0.29, −0.00)]. Higher maternal erythrocyte arachidonic acid (AA) was inversely associated with lower offspring WAZ and BAZ [tertile 3 vs. tertile 1, β: −0.18 (−0.35, −0.02), −0.22 (−0.38, −0.06), respectively]. Furthermore, higher maternal erythrocyte AA [tertile 3 vs. tertile 1, odds ratio [OR]: 0.52 (0.36, 0.75), ptrend < 0.001] and total n-6 PUFA [tertile 3 vs. tertile 1, OR: 0.56 (0.39, 0.81), ptrend = 0.002] were associated with decreased risk of overweight and obesity in offspring. Maternal erythrocyte n-6/n-3 PUFA and AA/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratios were not associated with offspring weight status. Conclusion Maternal erythrocyte PUFA might influence offspring weight status within 2 years of age in the Chinese population. Further Asian studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchi Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yannan He
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingchao He
- Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Sufang Duan
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Yujing Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto
- Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, China
| | - Lizi Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Cai,
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Valorization of Side Stream Products from Sea Cage Fattened Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus): Production and In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation of Enriched ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050309. [PMID: 35621959 PMCID: PMC9147267 DOI: 10.3390/md20050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The valorization of side streams from fishery and aquaculture value-chains is a valuable solution to address one of the challenges of the circular economy: turning wastes into profit. Side streams produced after filleting of sea cage fattened bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) were analyzed for proximate composition and fatty acid profile to evaluate the possibility of producing tuna oil (TO) as a valuable source of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and testing its bioactivity in vitro. Ethyl esters of total fatty acids (TFA), obtained from TO, were pre-enriched by urea complexation (PUFA-Ue) and then enriched by short path distillation (SPD) up to almost 85% of the PUFA fraction (PUFA-SPe). The bioactivity of TFA, PUFA-SPe, and ethyl esters of depleted PUFA (PUFA-SPd) were tested in vitro, through analysis of lipid metabolism genes, in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fibroblast cell line (SAF-1) exposed to oils. TFA and PUFA-SPd upregulated transcription factors (pparβ and pparγ) and lipid metabolism-related genes (D6D, fas, fabp, fatp1, and cd36), indicating the promotion of adipogenesis. PUFA-SPe treated cells were similar to control. PUFA-SPe extracted from farmed bluefin tuna side streams could be utilized in fish feed formulations to prevent excessive fat deposition, contributing to improving both the sustainability of aquaculture and the quality of its products.
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Yuen JSK, Stout AJ, Kawecki NS, Letcher SM, Theodossiou SK, Cohen JM, Barrick BM, Saad MK, Rubio NR, Pietropinto JA, DiCindio H, Zhang SW, Rowat AC, Kaplan DL. Perspectives on scaling production of adipose tissue for food applications. Biomaterials 2022; 280:121273. [PMID: 34933254 PMCID: PMC8725203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With rising global demand for food proteins and significant environmental impact associated with conventional animal agriculture, it is important to develop sustainable alternatives to supplement existing meat production. Since fat is an important contributor to meat flavor, recapitulating this component in meat alternatives such as plant based and cell cultured meats is important. Here, we discuss the topic of cell cultured or tissue engineered fat, growing adipocytes in vitro that could imbue meat alternatives with the complex flavor and aromas of animal meat. We outline potential paths for the large scale production of in vitro cultured fat, including adipogenic precursors during cell proliferation, methods to adipogenically differentiate cells at scale, as well as strategies for converting differentiated adipocytes into 3D cultured fat tissues. We showcase the maturation of knowledge and technology behind cell sourcing and scaled proliferation, while also highlighting that adipogenic differentiation and 3D adipose tissue formation at scale need further research. We also provide some potential solutions for achieving adipose cell differentiation and tissue formation at scale based on contemporary research and the state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S K Yuen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Andrew J Stout
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - N Stephanie Kawecki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sophia M Letcher
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sophia K Theodossiou
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Julian M Cohen
- W. M. Keck Science Department, Pitzer College, 925 N Mills Ave, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Brigid M Barrick
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Michael K Saad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Natalie R Rubio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jaymie A Pietropinto
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Hailey DiCindio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sabrina W Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Amy C Rowat
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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Grigorova N, Ivanova Z, Vachkova E, Tacheva T, Penchev Georgiev I. Co-administration of oleic and docosahexaenoic acids enhances glucose uptake rather than lipolysis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes cell culture. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of different types of long-chain fatty acids and their combination on the triglyceride accumulation, glucose utilisation, and lipolysis in already obese adipocytes. 3T3-L1 MBX cells were first differentiated into mature adipocytes using adipogenic inducers (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, indomethacin, insulin, and high glucose), then 100 µM 0.1% ethanol extracts of palmitic (PA), oleic (OA), or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were applied for nine days. Unsaturated fatty acids decreased the intracellular lipid accumulation while maintaining glucose utilisation levels. However, unlike OA, self-administration of DHA only intensified lipolysis by 25% vs induced untreated control (IC), which may have a direct detrimental impact on the whole body’s metabolic state. DHA applied in equal proportion with PA elevated triglyceride accumulation by 10% compared to IC, but applied with OA, enhanced glucose uptake without any significant changes in the lipogenic drive and the lipolytic rate, suggesting that this unsaturated fatty acids combination may offer a considerable advantage in amelioration of obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Grigorova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Zh. Ivanova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - E. Vachkova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - T. Tacheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - I. Penchev Georgiev
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Mostoli R, Goudarzi F, Mohammadalipour A, Khodadadi I, Goodarzi MT. Evaluating the effect of arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid on induction of adipogenesis in human adipose-derived stem cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:1028-1034. [PMID: 32952949 PMCID: PMC7478257 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.41557.9819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Adipose tissue is one of the most important endocrine organs that liberates many metabolic mediators such as hormones, cytokines, and chemokines. Different types of fatty acids have key roles in adipogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two essential fatty acids, including Arachidonic acid (AA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), on the process of adipogenicity in human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (hADSCs). Materials and Methods: After immunophenotyping of hADSCs by flowcytometry, they were differentiated into adipocytes and simultaneously exposed to 30 μM and 60 μM of AA and 25 μM and 50 μM of EPA. Further, along with the MTS assay, the activity of glycalaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was also measured. In addition, expression of lipid markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) was evaluated, and the neutral lipid contents were determined using Oil red O staining. Results: MTS evaluation showed a significant decrease in proliferation in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Based on oil red O staining, fat droplets in the AA treatment groups were higher than in controls. The expression of PPARγ2 and GLUT4 genes and proteins increased in almost all AA and EPA groups compared to control. In addition, GAPDH activity was higher in AA groups than in the control group. In general, while different concentrations of EPA did not increase the adipogenic process compared to the control group, stimulation of differentiation to adipocytes was largely determined by the AA. Conclusion: The result indicates a positive effect of omega-6 versus omega-3 in stimulating the pathways of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Mostoli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farjam Goudarzi
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Adel Mohammadalipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Iraj Khodadadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Ghnaimawi S, Baum J, Liyanage R, Huang Y. Concurrent EPA and DHA Supplementation Impairs Brown Adipogenesis of C2C12 Cells. Front Genet 2020; 11:531. [PMID: 32595696 PMCID: PMC7303889 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal dietary supplementation of n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n−3 PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is considered to play positive roles in fetal neuro system development. However, maternal n−3 PUFAs may induce molecular reprogramming of uncommitted fetal myoblasts into adipocyte phenotype, in turn affecting lipid metabolism and energy expenditure of the offspring. The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the combined effects of EPA and DHA on C2C12 cells undergoing brown adipogenic differentiation. C2C12 myoblasts were cultured to confluency and then treated with brown adipogenic differentiation medium with and without 50 μM EPA and 50 μM DHA. After differentiation, mRNA and protein samples were collected. Gene expression and protein levels were analyzed by real-time PCR and western blot. General Proteomics analysis was conducted using mass spectrometric evaluation. The effect of EPA and DHA on cellular oxygen consumption was measured using a Seahorse XFP Analyzer. Cells treated with n−3 PUFAs had significantly less (P < 0.05) expression of the brown adipocyte marker genes PGC1α, DIO2, and UCP3. Expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes TFAM, PGC1α, and PGC1β were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) by n−3 PUFAs treatment. Expression of mitochondrial electron transportation chain (ETC)-regulated genes were significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) by n−3 PUFAs, including ATP5J2, COX7a1, and COX8b. Mass spectrometric and western blot evaluation showed protein levels of enzymes which regulate the ETC and Krebs cycle, including ATP synthase α and β (F1F0 complex), citrate synthase, succinate CO-A ligase, succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex subunits (complex III), aconitate hydratase, cytochrome c, and pyruvate carboxylase were all decreased in the n−3 PUFAs group (P < 0.05). Genomic and proteomic changes were accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, represented by significantly reduced oxygen consumption rate, ATP production, and proton leak (P < 0.05). This study suggested that EPA and DHA may alter the BAT fate of myoblasts by inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and activity and induce white-like adipogenesis, shifting the metabolism from lipid oxidation to synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghnaimawi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jamie Baum
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Short-Term Responses to Fatty Acids on Lipid Metabolism and Adipogenesis in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051623. [PMID: 32120851 PMCID: PMC7084833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish are rich in n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. Due to the increasing use of vegetable oils (VO), their proportion in diets has lowered, affecting lipid metabolism and fillet composition. Rainbow trout cultured preadipocytes were treated with representative FA found in fish oils (EPA and DHA) or VO (linoleic, LA and alpha-linolenic, ALA acids), while EPA and LA were also orally administered, to evaluate their effects on adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. In vitro, all FA increased lipid internalization, with ALA producing the highest effect, together with upregulating the FA transporter fatp1. In vivo, EPA or LA increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ppara and pparb transcripts abundance in adipose tissue, suggesting elevated β-oxidation, contrary to the results obtained in liver. Furthermore, the increased expression of FA synthase (fas) and the FA translocase/cluster of differentiation (cd36) in adipose tissue indicated an enhanced uptake of lipids and lipogenesis de novo, whereas stable or low hepatic expression of genes involved in lipid transport and turnover was found. Thus, fish showed a similar tissue metabolic response to the short-term availability of EPA or LA in vivo, while in vitro VO-derived FA demonstrated greater potential inducing fat accumulation.
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9
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Chen CY, Su CW, Kang JX. Endogenous Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Reduce the Number and Differentiation of White Adipocyte Progenitors in Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:235-240. [PMID: 31721479 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reducing the increased number of white adipocyte progenitors (WAP) is considered a novel approach to controlling obesity. The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in regulating the WAP resident population is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of omega-3 PUFA on the niche composition of adipose-derived stem cells. METHODS Stromal vascular cell fraction (SVF) was collected from subcutaneous fat of wild-type (WT) and transgenic mice carrying a fat-1 gene from Caenorhabditis elegans (Fat-1 mice), which are capable of synthesizing omega-3 PUFA and have much higher tissue levels of omega-3 PUFA relative to WT mice. The isolated SVF cells were cultured and used for the examination of adipocyte differentiation, adipogenic markers, fatty acid composition, and WAP numbers. RESULTS SVF isolated from Fat-1 mice (Fat-1-SVF) exhibited markedly fewer differentiated adipocytes with smaller cell size and less lipid content than that of WT mice (WT-SVF). Accordingly, adipogenesis-related genes and the white adipocyte surface marker ASC-1 were downregulated in Fat-1-SVF relative to WT-SVF. Furthermore, WAP numbers and adipose tissue macrophages were lower in Fat-1-SVF than WT-SVF. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 PUFA can both limit the WAP resident population and suppress their differentiation to white adipocytes, suggesting a new mechanism for the antiobesity effect of omega-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chien-Wen Su
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Breast cancer prevention in premenopausal women: role of the Mediterranean diet and its components. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 33:19-32. [PMID: 31571551 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a growing public health concern in most developed and developing countries. Since an increasing number of patients with BC are diagnosed before the menopause and premenopausal women show a more aggressive phenotype, there is consistent interest in promoting prevention strategies in order to reduce the incidence of BC in the premenopause. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been reported to have beneficial effect in terms of cancer prevention. This healthy dietary pattern consists primarily of foods having important antioxidant properties along with a favourable fatty acid profile, all associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Due to the large variability in study subject characteristics, the protective role of the MD on BC still remains controversial and studies that have investigated the association between adherence to the MD and risk of BC in premenopausal women are fewer than those in postmenopausal women. In addition, the possibility that the beneficial effects of the MD are due to a single component or might more probably derive from the synergic effects of all components of the MD remains a scantly explored field. Considering the increased risk of recurrence and mortality rate of BC in premenopausal women as compared with postmenopausal women, the aim of the present report is to provide a general overview of the current evidence on the relationship between BC and the MD specifically in premenopausal women, and to emphasise the potential role of the MD as an effective measure to reduce the risk of developing BC in premenopausal women.
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11
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Kuttner CS, Mancina R, Wagenpfeil G, Lammert F, Stokes CS. Four-Week Omega-3 Supplementation in Carriers of the Prosteatotic PNPLA3 p.I148M Genetic Variant: An Open-Label Study. Lifestyle Genom 2019; 12:10-17. [PMID: 31454802 DOI: 10.1159/000502008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The PNPLA3 loss-of-function variant p.I148M is a strong genetic determinant of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The PNPLA3 protein functions as an intracellular lipase in the liver, with a greater activity on unsaturated fatty acids. This study aimed to determine whether short-term supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids impacts hepatic steatosis differently in PNPLA3 p.148I wild-type individuals as compared to homozygous carriers of the PNPLA3 p.148M variant. METHODS Twenty subjects with hepatic steatosis (50% women, age 18-77 years) were included. Ten subjects homozygous for the PNPLA3 148M variant were matched to 10 wild-type individuals. The subjects received 4 g omega-3 fatty acids (1,840 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 1,520 mg docosahexaenoic acid) a day for 4 weeks. Transient elastography with a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) was used to quantify liver fat before and after the intervention. Body composition, fibrosis, liver function tests, serum free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose markers were compared. RESULTS Patients homozygous for the PNPLA3 p.148M variant (risk group) demonstrated no significant changes in CAP compared to baseline (284 ± 55 vs. 287 ± 65 dB/m) as did the control group (256 ± 56 vs. 262 ± 55 dB/m). While serum liver enzyme activities remained unchanged in both groups, the risk group displayed significantly (p = 0.02) lower baseline FFA concentrations (334.5 [range 281.0-431.0] vs. 564.5 [range 509.0-682.0] μmol/L), which markedly increased by 9.1% after the intervention. In contrast, FFA concentrations decreased significantly (p = 0.01) by 28.3% in the wild-type group. CONCLUSIONS Short-term omega-3 fatty acid supplementation did not significantly alter hepatic steatosis. The nutrigenomic and metabolic effects of omega-3 fatty acids should be investigated further in carriers of the PNPLA3 148M risk variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara-Sophie Kuttner
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rosellina Mancina
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gudrun Wagenpfeil
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany,
| | - Caroline S Stokes
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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12
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Issara U, Park S, Park S. Determination of Fat Accumulation Reduction by Edible Fatty Acids and Natural Waxes In Vitro. Food Sci Anim Resour 2019; 39:430-445. [PMID: 31304472 PMCID: PMC6612783 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural edible waxes mixed with plant oils, containing high levels of unsaturated
fatty acids (FAs), are known as oleogels. Oleogels are used for replacing
saturated FAs in animal-derived food with unsaturated FAs. However, the health
effects of edible waxes are not yet clearly defined. The purpose of this study
was to investigate the effect of FAs and natural waxes on the adipogenesis in
3T3-L1 cells. The 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated and treated with FAs and
waxes. These FAs [Palmitic acid (PA), Stearic acid (SA), Oleic acid (OA),
Linoleic acid (LA), and Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)] and waxes [beeswax (BW) and
carnauba wax (CW)] were prepared at varying concentrations, and cell toxicity,
triglyceride accumulation, lipid droplets size, and distribution inside of cells
were determined. Adipogenic gene expression including
PPARγ, FASN,
C/EBPα, SREBP-1, and
CPT-1 was determined. Results showed that increasing the
concentration of FAs and waxes led to a decrease in the adipocyte cells
viability and metabolic performance. SA showed the highest level of triglyceride
accumulation (p<0.05), whereas ALA showed the lowest (p<0.05).
Both BW and CW at 3.0 ppm showed significantly higher lipid accumulation than in
the control and other groups (p<0.05). ALA had significantly
downregulated adipogenic gene expression levels, excluding those of
CPT-1, compared to the other treatment groups
(p<0.05). Moreover, BW demonstrated similar adipogenic gene expression
levels as ALA compared to CW. Consequently, ALA and BW may have health benefits
by reducing adipogenesis and can be used in processed meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utthapon Issara
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Suhyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Sungkwon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
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13
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Vackova E, Bosnakovski D, Bjørndal B, Yonkova P, Grigorova N, Ivanova Z, Penchev G, Simeonova G, Miteva L, Milanova A, Vachkova T, Stanilova S, Penchev Georgiev I. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids provoke a specific transcriptional profile in rabbit adipose-derived stem cells in vitro. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:925-934. [PMID: 30816602 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) possess multipotent properties, and their proper functionality is essential for further development of metabolic disorders. In the current study, we explored the impact of two n-3 LC-PUFAs (long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, DHA-docosahexaenoic; C22:6, and EPA-eicosapentaenoic; C20:5) on a specific profile of lipolytic-related gene expressions in the in vitro-differentiated subcutaneous and visceral ADSCs from rabbits. The subcutaneous and visceral ADSCs were obtained from 28-day-old New Zealand rabbits. The primary cells were cultured up to passage 4 and were induced for adipogenic differentiation. Thereafter, the differentiated cells were treated with 100 µg EPA or DHA for 48 hr. The total mRNA was isolated and target genes expression evaluated by real-time RCR. The results demonstrated that treatment of rabbit ADSCs with n-3 PUFAs significantly enhanced mRNA expression of Perilipin A, while the upregulation of leptin and Rab18 genes was seen mainly in ADSCs from visceral adipose tissue. Moreover, the EPA significantly enhanced PEDF (Pigment Derived Epithelium Factor) mRNA expression only in visceral cells. Collectively, the results suggest activation of an additional lipolysis pathway most evident in visceral cells. The data obtained in our study indicate that in vitro EPA up-regulates the mRNA expression of the studied lipolysis-associated genes stronger than DHA mainly in visceral rabbit ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eкaterina Vackova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Darko Bosnakovski
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delčev- Štip, Shtip, Macedonia
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Penka Yonkova
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Natalia Grigorova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Zhenya Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Penchev
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Galina Simeonova
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Lyuba Miteva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Anelya Milanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Vachkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Spaska Stanilova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Penchev Georgiev
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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14
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Zhang M, Li F, Sun JW, Li DH, Li WT, Jiang RR, Li ZJ, Liu XJ, Han RL, Li GX, Wang YB, Tian YD, Kang XT, Sun GR. LncRNA IMFNCR Promotes Intramuscular Adipocyte Differentiation by Sponging miR-128-3p and miR-27b-3p. Front Genet 2019; 10:42. [PMID: 30804984 PMCID: PMC6378276 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat quality is affected by many factors, among which intramuscular fat (IMF) is predominant. IMF content affects the tenderness, juiciness, and flavor of chicken. An increasing number of studies are focusing on the functions of lncRNAs in adipocyte differentiation. However, little is known about lncRNAs associated with intramuscular adipocyte differentiation. In the present study, we focused on an up-regulated lncRNA during intramuscular adipogenetic differentiation, which we named intramuscular fat-associated long non-coding RNA (IMFNCR). IMFNCR promotes intramuscular adipocyte differentiation. In-depth analyses showed that IMFNCR acts as a molecular sponge for miR-128-3p and miR-27b-3p and that PPARG is a direct target of miR-128-3p and miR-27b-3p in chicken. High-fat and high-protein diet inhibited chicken IMFNCR level in vivo. Moreover, IMFNCR level was positively correlated with PPARG mRNA level in chicken breast muscle tissues, a vital corollary to ceRNA function. Altogether, our research showed that IMFNCR acts as a ceRNA to sequester miR-128-3p and miR-27b-3p, leading to heightened PPARG expression, and thus promotes intramuscular adipocyte differentiation. Taken together, our findings may contribute to a more thorough understanding of chicken IMF deposition and the improvement of poultry meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China.,The First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun-Wei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong-Hua Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Ting Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui-Rui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuan-Jian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui-Li Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo-Xi Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan-Bin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya-Dong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Tao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gui-Rong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Ferguson JF, Roberts-Lee K, Borcea C, Smith HM, Midgette Y, Shah R. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate inflammatory activation and alter differentiation in human adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 64:45-49. [PMID: 30428424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically the fish-oil-derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been proposed as inflammation-resolving agents via their effects on adipose tissue. OBJECTIVE We proposed to determine the effects of EPA and DHA on human adipocyte differentiation and inflammatory activation in vitro. METHODS Primary human subcutaneous adipocytes from lean and obese subjects were treated with 100 μM EPA and/or DHA throughout differentiation (differentiation studies) or for 72 h postdifferentiation (inflammatory studies). THP-1 monocytes were added to adipocyte wells for co-culture experiments. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose explants from obese subjects were treated for 72 h with EPA and DHA. Oil Red O staining was performed on live cells. Cells were collected for mRNA analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and media were collected for protein quantification by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Incubation with EPA and/or DHA attenuated inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte co-culture with reduction in post-LPS mRNA expression and protein levels of IL6, CCL2 and CX3CL1. Expression of inflammatory genes was also reduced in the endogenous inflammatory response in obese adipose. Both DHA and EPA reduced lipid droplet formation and lipogenic gene expression without alteration in expression of adipogenic genes or adiponectin secretion. CONCLUSIONS EPA and DHA attenuate inflammatory activation of in vitro human adipocytes and reduce lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane F Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kailey Roberts-Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cristina Borcea
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Holly M Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yasmeen Midgette
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachana Shah
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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16
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Jung TW, Chung YH, Kim HC, Abd El-Aty AM, Jeong JH. Protectin DX attenuates LPS-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in adipocytes via AMPK-mediated suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E543-E551. [PMID: 29584445 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00408.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that protectins, ω-3 fatty acid-derived proresolution mediators, may ameliorate inflammation. Recently, protectin DX (PDX) was also reported to attenuate inflammation and insulin resistance in several cell types. However, the effects of PDX on inflammation in adipocytes remain ambiguous. In this study, we found that PDX treatment suppressed adipogenesis and lipid accumulation during 3T3-L1 differentiation. Treatment of differentiated 3T3-L1 cells with PDX stimulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. PDX-induced AMPK phosphorylation blocked lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with PDX alleviated LPS-induced NF-κB and inhibitory factor κB phosphorylation. Furthermore, PDX treatment diminished LPS-induced impairment of insulin signaling and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, as well as fatty acid oxidation. These effects were decreased by silencing AMPK expression with small-interfering RNA. In conclusion, the current findings suggest that PDX attenuates inflammation and insulin resistance in adipocytes via an AMPK-dependent pathway, which in turn provides evidence that PDX has anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Jung
- Research Administration Team, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Chung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Khadge S, Thiele GM, Sharp JG, McGuire TR, Klassen LW, Black PN, DiRusso CC, Talmadge JE. Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate Mammary Gland Composition and Inflammation. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2018; 23:43-58. [PMID: 29574638 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-9391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in rodents have shown that dietary modifications as mammary glands (MG) develop, regulates susceptibility to mammary tumor initiation. However, the effects of dietary PUFA composition on MGs in adult life, remains poorly understood. This study investigated morphological alterations and inflammatory microenvironments in the MGs of adult mice fed isocaloric and isolipidic liquid diets with varying compositions of omega (ω)-6 and long-chain (Lc)-ω3FA that were pair-fed. Despite similar consumption levels of the diets, mice fed the ω-3 diet had significantly lower body-weight gains, and abdominal-fat and mammary fat pad (MFP) weights. Fatty acid analysis showed significantly higher levels of Lc-ω-3FAs in the MFPs of mice on the ω-3 diet, while in the MFPs from the ω-6 group, Lc-ω-3FAs were undetectable. Our study revealed that MGs from ω-3 group had a significantly lower ductal end-point density, branching density, an absence of ductal sprouts, a thinner ductal stroma, fewer proliferating epithelial cells and a lower transcription levels of estrogen receptor 1 and amphiregulin. An analysis of the MFP and abdominal-fat showed significantly smaller adipocytes in the ω-3 group, which was accompanied by lower transcription levels of leptin, IGF1, and IGF1R. Further, MFPs from the ω-3 group had significantly decreased numbers and sizes of crown-like-structures (CLS), F4/80+ macrophages and decreased expression of proinflammatory mediators including Ptgs2, IL6, CCL2, TNFα, NFκB, and IFNγ. Together, these results support dietary Lc-ω-3FA regulation of MG structure and density and adipose tissue inflammation with the potential for dietary Lc-ω-3FA to decrease the risk of mammary gland tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswoti Khadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - John Graham Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Timothy R McGuire
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lynell W Klassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul N Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Concetta C DiRusso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - James E Talmadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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18
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de Abreu MDC, Pessoa LR, da Costa LR, Chagas MA, da Costa CAS, Boaventura GT. Flaxseed flour diet during lactation until 180 days results in an increase in body adiposity in adult male rats. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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19
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Chen K, Wang L, Yang W, Wang C, Hu G, Mo Z. Profiling of differentially expressed genes in adipose tissues of multiple symmetric lipomatosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6570-6579. [PMID: 28901441 PMCID: PMC5865826 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL) is a rare disorder characterized by aberrant multiple and symmetric subcutaneous adipose tissue accumulation in the face, neck, shoulders, back, chest and abdomen, severely affecting the quality of life of patients. At present, precise MSL etiology and pathogenesis remain to be elucidated. The present study first utilized a digital gene expression technique with a next‑generation sequencing platform to profile differentially expressed genes in three cases of MSL vs. normal control tissue. cDNA libraries from these tissue specimens were constructed and DNA sequenced for identification of differentially expressed genes, which underwent bioinformatic analysis using the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network analyses. As a result, a total of 859 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 308 upregulated genes (C19orf80, Apelin, C21orf33, FAM166B and HSD11B2 were mostly upregulated 6.984‑, 4.670‑, 4.412‑, 3.693‑ and 3.561‑fold, respectively) and 551 downregulated genes [FosB proto‑oncogene, AP‑1 transcription factor subunit (FOSB), selectin (SEL) E, RAR related orphan receptor (ROR) B, salt inducible kinase (SIK)1 and epidermal growth factor‑like protein (EGFL)6 were mostly downregulated ‑9.845, ‑8.243, ‑8.123, ‑7.702 and ‑7.664 fold, respectively). The GO functional enrichment analysis demonstrated these differentially expressed genes were predominantly involved in biological processes and cellular components, while the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that ribosome, non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, human T‑lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‑I) infection and Alzheimer's disease pathways were altered in MSL. The PPI network data demonstrated ubiquitin C (UBC), translocator protein (TSPO), Jun Proto‑Oncogene, AP‑1 Transcription Factor (JUN) and FOS were among these differentially expressed genes that participated in regulation of adipocyte differentiation, although no previous study has linked them to MSL. In conclusion, the present study profiled differentially expressed genes in MSL and identified gene pathways that may be associated with MSL development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Linghao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Gui Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Mo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Zhaohui Mo, Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tong Zi Po Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China, E-mail:
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20
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Li Y, Rong Y, Bao L, Nie B, Ren G, Zheng C, Amin R, Arnold RD, Jeganathan RB, Huggins KW. Suppression of adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation by stearidonic acid (SDA) in 3T3-L1 cells. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:181. [PMID: 28946872 PMCID: PMC5613458 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased consumption of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids found in cold-water fish and fish oil has been reported to protect against obesity. A potential mechanism may be through reduction in adipocyte differentiation. Stearidonic acid (SDA), a plant-based ω-3 fatty acid, has been targeted as a potential surrogate for fish-based fatty acids; however, its role in adipocyte differentiation is unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of SDA on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Methods 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated in the presence of SDA or vehicle-control. Cell viability assay was conducted to determine potential toxicity of SDA. Lipid accumulation was measured by Oil Red O staining and triglyceride (TG) quantification in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Adipocyte differentiation was evaluated by adipogenic transcription factors and lipid accumulation gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Fatty acid analysis was conducted by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results 3T3-L1 cells treated with SDA were viable at concentrations used for all studies. SDA treatment reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This anti-adipogenic effect by SDA was a result of down-regulation of mRNA levels of the adipogenic transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins alpha and beta (C/EBPα, C/EBPβ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). SDA treatment resulted in decreased expression of the lipid accumulation genes adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein (AP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). The transcriptional activity of PPARγ was found to be decreased with SDA treatment. SDA treatment led to significant EPA enrichment in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared to vehicle-control. Conclusion These results demonstrated that SDA can suppress adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells through down-regulation of adipogenic transcription factors and genes associated with lipid accumulation. This study suggests the use of SDA as a dietary treatment for obesity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-017-0574-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueru Li
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Yinghui Rong
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Lisui Bao
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ben Nie
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Guang Ren
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Robert D Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ramesh B Jeganathan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Kevin W Huggins
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. .,Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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21
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A Nutrigenomic Approach to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071534. [PMID: 28714900 PMCID: PMC5536022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the epidemics of obesity due to the consumption of high-calorie diet and sedentary lifestyle, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the leading cause of liver disease in Western countries. NAFLD is epidemiologically associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, and in susceptible individuals it may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Genetic factors play a key role in NAFLD predisposition by interacting with nutritional and other environmental factors. To date, there is no drug therapy for the treatment of NAFLD, and the main clinical recommendation is lifestyle modification. In the last years, nutrigenomics is promoting an increased understanding of how nutrition affects the switch from health to disease by altering the expression of an individual’s genetic makeup. The present review tries to summarize the most recent data evidencing how the interactions between nutrients and genetic factors can influence NAFLD development. The final goal should be to develop tools to quantify these complex interactions. The definition of a “nutrigenomic risk score” for each individual may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the management of NAFLD patients.
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22
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Aizawa F, Nishinaka T, Yamashita T, Nakamoto K, Koyama Y, Kasuya F, Tokuyama S. Astrocytes Release Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Lipopolysaccharide Stimuli. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:1100-6. [PMID: 27374285 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that levels of long-chain fatty acids (FAs) including docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) increase in the hypothalamus of inflammatory pain model mice. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the increment of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the brain during inflammation remains unknown. In this study, we characterized FFAs released by inflammatory stimulation in rat primary cultured astrocytes, and tested the involvement of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) on these mechanisms. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation significantly increased the levels of several FAs in the astrocytes. Under these conditions, mRNA expression of cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) and calcium-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) in LPS-treated group increased compared with the control group. Furthermore, in the culture media, the levels of DHA and arachidonic acid (ARA) significantly increased by LPS stimuli compared with those of a vehicle-treated control group whereas the levels of saturated FAs (SFAs), namely palmitic acid (PAM) and stearic acid (STA), did not change. In summary, our findings suggest that astrocytes specifically release DHA and ARA by inflammatory conditions. Therefore astrocytes might function as a regulatory factor of DHA and ARA in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuka Aizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
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23
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Shin SK, Kim JH, Lee JH, Son YH, Lee MW, Kim HJ, Noh SA, Kim KP, Kim IG, Lee MJ. Docosahexaenoic acid-mediated protein aggregates may reduce proteasome activity and delay myotube degradation during muscle atrophy in vitro. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e287. [PMID: 28104914 PMCID: PMC5291838 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomes are the primary degradation machinery for oxidatively damaged proteins that compose a class of misfolded protein substrates. Cellular levels of reactive oxygen species increase with age and this cellular propensity is particularly harmful when combined with the age-associated development of various human disorders including cancer, neurodegenerative disease and muscle atrophy. Proteasome activity is reportedly downregulated in these disease conditions. Herein, we report that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a major dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, mediates intermolecular protein cross-linkages through oxidation, and the resulting protein aggregates potently reduce proteasomal activity both in vitro and in cultured cells. Cellular models overexpressing aggregation-prone proteins such as tau showed significantly elevated levels of tau aggregates and total ubiquitin conjugates in the presence of DHA, thereby reflecting suppressed proteasome activity. Strong synergetic cytotoxicity was observed when the cells overexpressing tau were simultaneously treated with DHA. Antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine significantly desensitized the cells to DHA-induced oxidative stress. DHA significantly delayed the proteasomal degradation of muscle proteins in a cellular atrophy model. Thus, the results of our study identified DHA as a potent inducer of cellular protein aggregates that inhibit proteasome activity and potentially delay systemic muscle protein degradation in certain pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Kyun Shin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Wook Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue Ah Noh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Critical role of the peroxisomal protein PEX16 in white adipocyte development and lipid homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:358-368. [PMID: 28017862 PMCID: PMC7116240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The importance of peroxisomes for adipocyte function is poorly understood. Herein, we provide insights into the critical role of peroxin 16 (PEX16)-mediated peroxisome biogenesis in adipocyte development and lipid metabolism. Pex16 is highly expressed in adipose tissues and upregulated during adipogenesis of murine and human cells. We demonstrate that Pex16 is a target gene of the adipogenesis “master-regulator” PPARγ. Stable silencing of Pex16 in 3T3-L1 cells strongly reduced the number of peroxisomes while mitochondrial number was unaffected. Concomitantly, peroxisomal fatty acid (FA) oxidation was reduced, thereby causing accumulation of long-and very long-chain (polyunsaturated) FAs and reduction of odd-chain FAs. Further, Pex16-silencing decreased cellular oxygen consumption and increased FA release. Additionally, silencing of Pex16 impaired adipocyte differentiation, lipogenic and adipogenic marker gene expression, and cellular triglyceride stores. Addition of PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone and peroxisome-related lipid species to Pex16-silenced 3T3-L1 cells rescued adipogenesis. These data provide evidence that PEX16 is required for peroxisome biogenesis and highlights the relevance of peroxisomes for adipogenesis and adipocyte lipid metabolism.
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25
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Warnke I, Jocken JWE, Schoop R, Toepfer C, Goralczyk R, Schwager J. Combinations of bio-active dietary constituents affect human white adipocyte function in-vitro. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:84. [PMID: 27895698 PMCID: PMC5117626 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Specific bio-active dietary compounds modulate numerous metabolic processes in adipose tissue (AT), including pre-adipocyte proliferation and differentiation. AT dysfunction, rather than an increased fat mass per se, is strongly associated with the development of insulin resistance and is characterized by impaired adipogenesis, hypertrophic adipocytes, inflammation, and impairments in substrate metabolism. A better understanding of mechanisms underlying AT dysfunction may provide new strategies for the treatment of obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Here we evaluated the role of (all-E)-lycopene (Lyc), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or trans-resveratrol (Res) and combinations thereof on human white adipocyte function. Methods In-vitro differentiating human pre-adipocytes were treated with EPA, Lyc and Res or their combinations for 14 days. The effects on intracellular lipid droplet (LD) accumulation, secreted anti- and pro-inflammatory cyto-/adipokines (e.g. adiponectin, IL-6, IL-8/CXCL-8 and MCP-1/CCL2) and on gene expression of markers of adipocyte differentiation and substrate metabolism (e.g. PPAR-gamma, C/EBP-alpha, GLUT-4, FAS, ATGL, HSL, and PLIN-1) were measured by fluorescent microscopy (Cellomics™), multi-parametric LiquiChip® technology and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Results Treatment of differentiating adipocytes for 14 days with the combination of Lyc/Res and EPA/Res resulted in significantly inhibited LD formation (~ -25 and -20%, respectively) compared to the effects of the single compounds. These morphological changes were accompanied by increased mRNA levels of the adipogenic marker PPAR-gamma and the lipase ATGL and by decreased expression levels of lipogenic markers (LPL, FAS, GLUT-4) and the LD-covering protein PLIN-1. In addition, a blunted adipocyte secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and MCP-1) and adiponectin was observed following treatment with these compounds. Conclusion The combination of the dietary bio-actives Lyc and EPA with Res might influence adipocyte function by affecting the balance between adipogenic, lipogenic and lipolytic gene expression, resulting in a reduced LD storage and a less inflammatory secretion profile. Taken together, our results indicate that combinations of dietary compounds may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders via effects on human white adipocyte function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0143-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Warnke
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Department of Human Nutrition and Health, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johan W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rotraut Schoop
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Department of Human Nutrition and Health, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Toepfer
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Department of Human Nutrition and Health, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Regina Goralczyk
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Department of Human Nutrition and Health, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Schwager
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Department of Human Nutrition and Health, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Lemas DJ, Klimentidis YC, Aslibekyan S, Wiener HW, O'Brien DM, Hopkins SE, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Allison DB, Fernandez JR, Tiwari HK, Boyer BB. Polymorphisms in stearoyl coa desaturase and sterol regulatory element binding protein interact with N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake to modify associations with anthropometric variables and metabolic phenotypes in Yup'ik people. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2642-2653. [PMID: 27467133 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) intake is associated with protection from obesity; however, the mechanisms of protection remain poorly characterized. The stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD), insulin-sensitive glucose transporter (SLC2A4), and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBF1) genes are transcriptionally regulated by n-3 PUFA intake and harbor polymorphisms associated with obesity. The present study investigated how consumption of n-3 PUFA modifies associations between SCD, SLC2A4, and SREBF1 polymorphisms and anthropometric variables and metabolic phenotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anthropometric variables and metabolic phenotypes were measured in a cross-sectional sample of Yup'ik individuals (n = 1135) and 33 polymorphisms were tested for main effects and interactions using linear models that account for familial correlations. n-3 PUFA intake was estimated using red blood cell nitrogen stable isotope ratios. SCD polymorphisms were associated with ApoA1 concentration and n-3 PUFA interactions with SCD polymorphisms were associated with reduced fasting cholesterol levels and waist-to-hip ratio. SLC2A4 polymorphisms were associated with hip circumference, high-density lipoprotein and ApoA1 concentrations. SREBF1 polymorphisms were associated with low-density lipoprotein and HOMA-IR and n-3 PUFA interactions were associated with reduced fasting insulin and HOMA-IR levels. CONCLUSION The results suggest that an individual's genotype may interact with dietary n-3 PUFAs in ways that are associated with protection from obesity-related diseases in Yup'ik people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominick J Lemas
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Howard W Wiener
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Scarlett E Hopkins
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David B Allison
- Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jose R Fernandez
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bert B Boyer
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
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27
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Differentiation of preadipocytes and mature adipocytes requires PSMB8. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26791. [PMID: 27225296 PMCID: PMC4880908 DOI: 10.1038/srep26791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of adipocytes is tightly regulated by a variety of intrinsic molecules and also by extrinsic molecules produced by adjacent cells. Dysfunction of adipocyte differentiation causes lipodystrophy, which impairs glucose and lipid homeostasis. Although dysfunction of immunoproteasomes causes partial lipodystrophy, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain to be determined. Here, we demonstrate that Psmb8, a catalytic subunit for immunoproteasomes, directly regulates the differentiation of preadipocytes and additionally the differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes. Psmb8(-/-) mice exhibited slower weight gain than wild-type mice, and this was accompanied by reduced adipose tissue volume and smaller size of mature adipocytes compared with controls. Blockade of Psmb8 activity in 3T3-L1 cells disturbed the differentiation to mature adipocytes. Psmb8(-/-) mice had fewer preadipocyte precursors, fewer preadipocytes and a reduced ability to differentiate preadipocytes toward mature adipocytes. Our data demonstrate that Psmb8-mediated immunoproteasome activity is a direct regulator of the differentiation of preadipocytes and their ultimate maturation.
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28
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Ke M, Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Saeed Y, Deng Y. Identification of protein complexes of microsomes in rat adipocytes by native gel coupled with LC-ESI-QTOF. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:1313-23. [PMID: 26886786 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00707k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study of the composition of microsome proteins/complexes/interactions in adipocytes provides useful information for researchers related to energy metabolism disorders. The native gel coupled with LC-ESI-QTOF approach was employed here for separating protein complexes. We found a series of proteins functionally clustered in biological processes of protein metabolism, cellular carbohydrate catabolism, response to stimulus and wounding, macromolecular complex subunit organization, positive regulation of molecular function, regulation of programmed cell death and biomolecule transport. According to clustering of proteins' electrophoresis profiles across native gel fractions and bioinformatics data retrieval, protein complexes/interactions involved in protein metabolism, cellular carbohydrate catabolism, macromolecular complex subunit organization and biomolecule transport were identified. Besides, the results also revealed some functional linkages, which may provide useful information for discovering previously unknown interactions. The interaction between SSAO and ALDH2 was verified by co-immunoprecipitation. The native gel combining mass spectrometry approach appeared to be a useful tool for investigating microsome proteins and complexes to complement the traditional electrophoresis approaches. The native gel strategy together with our findings should facilitate future studies of the composition of rat adipocyte microsome protein complexes under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ke
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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29
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Ouldamer L, Goupille C, Vildé A, Arbion F, Body G, Chevalier S, Cottier JP, Bougnoux P. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of Marine Origin and Multifocality in Human Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147148. [PMID: 26812254 PMCID: PMC4727910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The microenvironment of breast epithelial tissue may contribute to the clinical expression of breast cancer. Breast epithelial tissue, whether healthy or tumoral, is directly in contact with fat cells, which in turn could influence tumor multifocality. In this pilot study we investigated whether the fatty acid composition of breast adipose tissue differed according to breast cancer focality. METHODS Twenty-three consecutive women presenting with non-metastatic breast cancer underwent breast-imaging procedures including Magnetic Resonance Imaging prior to treatment. Breast adipose tissue specimens were collected during breast surgery. We established a biochemical profile of adipose tissue fatty acids by gas chromatography. We assessed whether there were differences according to breast cancer focality. RESULTS We found that decreased levels in breast adipose tissue of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids, the two main polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids of marine origin, were associated with multifocality. DISCUSSION These differences in lipid content may contribute to mechanisms through which peritumoral adipose tissue fuels breast cancer multifocality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Ouldamer
- Department of Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours, France
- INSERM UMR1069, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours, France
- François-Rabelais University, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Caroline Goupille
- INSERM UMR1069, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours, France
- François-Rabelais University, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours, France
| | - Anne Vildé
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours, France
| | - Flavie Arbion
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours, France
| | - Gilles Body
- Department of Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours, France
- François-Rabelais University, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours, France
| | - Stephan Chevalier
- INSERM UMR1069, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours, France
- François-Rabelais University, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours, France
| | - Jean Philippe Cottier
- François-Rabelais University, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours, France
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours, France
- INSERM UMR930, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Bougnoux
- INSERM UMR1069, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours, France
- François-Rabelais University, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours, France
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours, France
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30
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Todorčević M, Hodson L. The Effect of Marine Derived n-3 Fatty Acids on Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Function. J Clin Med 2015; 5:jcm5010003. [PMID: 26729182 PMCID: PMC4730128 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue function is key determinant of metabolic health, with specific nutrients being suggested to play a role in tissue metabolism. One such group of nutrients are the n-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3). Results from studies where human, animal and cellular models have been utilised to investigate the effects of EPA and/or DHA on white adipose tissue/adipocytes suggest anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects. We review here evidence for these effects, specifically focusing on studies that provide some insight into metabolic pathways or processes. Of note, limited work has been undertaken investigating the effects of EPA and DHA on white adipose tissue in humans whilst more work has been undertaken using animal and cellular models. Taken together it would appear that EPA and DHA have a positive effect on lowering lipogenesis, increasing lipolysis and decreasing inflammation, all of which would be beneficial for adipose tissue biology. What remains to be elucidated is the duration and dose required to see a favourable effect of EPA and DHA in vivo in humans, across a range of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Todorčević
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK.
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK.
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Scorletti E, West AL, Bhatia L, Hoile SP, McCormick KG, Burdge GC, Lillycrop KA, Clough GF, Calder PC, Byrne CD. Treating liver fat and serum triglyceride levels in NAFLD, effects of PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 genotypes: Results from the WELCOME trial. J Hepatol 2015; 63:1476-83. [PMID: 26272871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Genetic variation in both patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein-3 (PNPLA3) (I148M) and the transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 protein (TM6SF2) (E167K) influences severity of liver disease, and serum triglyceride concentrations in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but whether either genotype influences the responses to treatments is uncertain. METHODS One hundred three patients with NAFLD were randomised to omega-3 fatty acids (DHA+EPA) or placebo for 15-18months in a double blind placebo controlled trial. Erythrocyte enrichment with DHA and EPA was measured by gas chromatography. PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 genotypes were measured by PCR technologies. Multivariable linear regression and analysis of covariance were undertaken to test the effect of genotypes on omega-3 fatty acid enrichment, end of study liver fat percentage and serum triglyceride concentrations. All models were adjusted for baseline measurements of each respective outcome. RESULTS Fifty-five men and 40 women (Genotypes PNPLA3 I148M, 148I/I=41, 148I/M=43, 148M/M=11; TM6SF2 E167K 167E/E=78, 167E/K+167K/K=17 participants) (mean ± SD age, 51 ± 11 years) completed the trial. Adjusting for baseline measurement, measured covariates and confounders, PNPLA3 148M/M variant was independently associated with percentage of DHA enrichment (B coefficient -1.02 (95% CI -1.97, -0.07), p=0.036) but not percentage of EPA enrichment (B coefficient -0.31 (95% CI -1.38, 0.75), p=0.56). This genotype was also independently associated with end of study liver fat percentage (B coefficient 9.5 (95% CI 2.53, 16.39), p=0.008), but not end of study triglyceride concentration (B coefficient -0.11 (95% CI -0.64, 0.42), p=0.68). CONCLUSIONS PNPLA3 148M/M variant influences the changes in liver fat and DHA tissue enrichment during the trial but not the change in serum triglyceride concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Scorletti
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Annette L West
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lokpal Bhatia
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Samuel P Hoile
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Keith G McCormick
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Graham C Burdge
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Geraldine F Clough
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Witte TR, Hardman WE. The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated Fatty Acid consumption on mammary carcinogenesis. Lipids 2015; 50:437-46. [PMID: 25860692 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. Studies in animals and in vitro have demonstrated mechanisms that could explain this apparent effect, but clinical and epidemiological studies have returned conflicting results on the practical benefits of dietary n-3 PUFA for prevention of breast cancer. Effects are often only significant within a population when comparing the highest n-3 PUFA consumption group to the lowest n-3 group or highest n-6 group. The beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic on the risk of breast cancer are dose dependent and are negatively affected by total n-6 consumption. The majority of the world population, including the most highly developed regions, consumes insufficient n-3 PUFA to significantly reduce breast cancer risk. This review discusses the physiological and dietary context in which reduction of breast cancer risk may occur, some proposed mechanisms of action and meaningful recommendations for consumption of n-3 PUFA in the diet of developed regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore R Witte
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
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Nardi F, Hoffmann TM, Stretton C, Cwiklinski E, Taylor PM, Hundal HS. Proteasomal modulation of cellular SNAT2 (SLC38A2) abundance and function by unsaturated fatty acid availability. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8173-84. [PMID: 25653282 PMCID: PMC4375474 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.625137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression and activity of the System A/SNAT2 (SLC38A2) amino acid transporter is up-regulated by amino acid starvation and hypertonicity by a mechanism dependent on both ATF4-mediated transcription of the SLC38A2 gene and enhanced stabilization of SNAT2 itself, which forms part of an integrated cellular stress response to nutrient deprivation and osmotic stress. Here we demonstrate that this adaptive increase in System A function is restrained in cells subjected to prior incubation with linoleic acid (LOA, an unsaturated C18:2 fatty acid) for 24 h. While fatty acid treatment had no detectable effect upon stress-induced SNAT2 or ATF4 gene transcription, the associated increase in SNAT2 protein/membrane transport activity were strongly suppressed in L6 myotubes or HeLa cells preincubated with LOA. Cellular ubiquitination of many proteins was increased by LOA and although the fatty acid-induced loss of SNAT2 could be attenuated by proteasomal inhibition, the functional increase in System A transport activity associated with amino acid starvation/hypertonicity that depends upon processing/maturation and delivery of SNAT2 to the cell surface could not be rescued. LOA up-regulated cellular expression of Nedd4.2, an E3-ligase implicated in SNAT2 ubiquitination, but shRNA-directed Nedd4.2 gene silencing could not curb fatty acid-induced loss of SNAT2 adaptation. However, expression of SNAT2 in which seven putative lysyl-ubiquitination sites in the cytoplasmic N-terminal domain were mutated to alanine protected SNAT2 against LOA-induced proteasomal degradation. Collectively, our findings indicate that increased availability of unsaturated fatty acids can compromise the stress-induced induction/adaptation in SNAT2 expression and function by promoting its degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nardi
- From the Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsten M Hoffmann
- From the Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Stretton
- From the Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Cwiklinski
- From the Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M Taylor
- From the Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Harinder S Hundal
- From the Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
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Hiller B. Recent developments in lipid metabolism in ruminants – the role of fat in maintaining animal health and performance. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/an14555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Optimising farm animal performance has long been the key focus of worldwide livestock production research. Advances in the understanding of metabolism/phenotype associations have outlined the central role of the lipid metabolism of farm animals for economically relevant phenotypic traits, such as animal health (immune status, fertility/reproductive capacity, adaptability/metabolic flexibility, robustness, well being) and performance aspects (meat/milk quality and quantity) and have led to an extensive exploitation of lipid metabolism manipulation strategies (e.g. tailored nutritional regimes, alimentary/intravenous fat supplementation, rumen-protected fat feeding, hormone application). This contribution gives an overview of established concepts to tailor animals’ lipid metabolism and highlights novel strategies to expand these application-oriented approaches via improved analysis tools, omics-approaches, cell model systems and systems biology methods.
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