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Liu ZY, You QY, Liu ZY, Lin LC, Yang JJ, Tao H. m6A control programmed cell death in cardiac fibrosis. Life Sci 2024; 353:122922. [PMID: 39032691 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is closely related to cardiac fibrosis. As the most common and abundant form of mRNA modification in eukaryotes, m6A is deposited by methylases ("writers"), recognized and effected by RNA-binding proteins ("readers"), and removed by demethylases ("erasers"), achieving highly dynamic reversibility. m6A modification is involved in regulating the entire biological process of target RNA, including transcription, processing and splicing, export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and enhancement or reduction of stability and translation. Programmed cell death (PCD) comprises many forms and pathways, with apoptosis and autophagy being the most common. Other forms include pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-dependent necrosis, and parthanatos. In recent years, increasing evidence suggests that m6A modification can mediate PCD, affecting cardiac fibrosis. Since the correlation between some PCD types and m6A modification is not yet clear, this article mainly introduces the relationship between four common PCD types (apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis) and m6A modification, as well as their role and influence in cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Qing-Ye You
- Anhui Women and Children's Medical Center, Hefei 230001, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Li-Chan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
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2
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Zhang T, Xu L, Guo X, Tao H, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Meng X. The potential of herbal drugs to treat heart failure: The roles of Sirt1/AMPK. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:157-176. [PMID: 38464786 PMCID: PMC10921247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a highly morbid syndrome that seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients and generates an enormous socio-economic burden. In addition to cardiac myocyte oxidative stress and apoptosis, which are considered mechanisms for the development of HF, alterations in cardiac energy metabolism and pathological autophagy also contribute to cardiac abnormalities and ultimately HF. Silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases and phosphorylated kinases, respectively. They play similar roles in regulating some pathological processes of the heart through regulating targets such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), protein 38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). We summarized the synergistic effects of Sirt1 and AMPK in the heart, and listed the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that exhibit cardioprotective properties by modulating the Sirt1/AMPK pathway, to provide a basis for the development of Sirt1/AMPK activators or inhibitors for the treatment of HF and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Honglin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, Sichuan, 620032, China
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3
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Hu L, Gao D, Lv H, Lian L, Wang M, Wang Y, Xie Y, Zhang J. Finding New Targets for the Treatment of Heart Failure: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:1349-1356. [PMID: 37432587 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a progressive disease with an annual mortality rate of about 10% and is the end-stage stage of various heart diseases, which places a huge socioeconomic burden on the healthcare system. The development of heart failure has received increasing attention as a potential way to improve the treatment of this disease. Many studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy play an important role in the occurrence and development of heart failure. With the in-depth study of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, both are considered promising targets for pharmacological interventions to treat heart failure, but the mechanism of heart failure between the two is not clear. This review will highlight the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and their interactions in the development and development of heart failure, thereby helping to provide direction for the future development of targeted therapies for patients with heart failure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study explored the new targets for the treatment of heart failure: endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Targeted drug therapy for endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy is expected to provide a new intervention target for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Hu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Dongjie Gao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Hao Lv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Lu Lian
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yingyu Xie
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China.
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Farkas D, Bogamuwa S, Piper B, Newcomb G, Gunturu P, Bednash JS, Londino JD, Elhance A, Nho R, Mejia OR, Yount JS, Horowitz JC, Goncharova EA, Mallampalli RK, Robinson RT, Farkas L. A role for Toll-like receptor 3 in lung vascular remodeling associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.25.524586. [PMID: 36747676 PMCID: PMC9900759 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.25.524586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19) contribute to the complications of the disease. One potential complication is lung vascular remodeling, but the exact cause is still unknown. We hypothesized that endothelial TLR3 insufficiency contributes to lung vascular remodeling induced by SARS-CoV-2. In the lungs of COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 infected Syrian hamsters, we discovered thickening of the pulmonary artery media and microvascular rarefaction, which were associated with decreased TLR3 expression in lung tissue and pulmonary artery endothelial cells (ECs). In vitro , SARS-CoV-2 infection reduced endothelial TLR3 expression. Following infection with mouse-adapted (MA) SARS-CoV-2, TLR3 knockout mice displayed heightened pulmonary artery remodeling and endothelial apoptosis. Treatment with the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid reduced lung tissue damage, lung vascular remodeling, and endothelial apoptosis associated with MA SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, repression of endothelial TLR3 is a potential mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection associated lung vascular remodeling and enhancing TLR3 signaling is a potential strategy for treatment.
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Autophagy and polyphenol intervention strategy in aging. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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6
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The Yin and Yang of toll-like receptors in endothelial dysfunction. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Zhuang C, Chen R, Zheng Z, Lu J, Hong C. Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Heart Lung Circ 2022; 31:e93-e109. [PMID: 35367134 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an important member of the innate immune response receptor toll-like receptors (TLRs) family, which plays a vital role in regulating immune response, promoting the maturation and differentiation of immune cells, and participating in the response of pro-inflammatory factors. TLR3 is activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, which support the pathophysiology of many diseases related to inflammation. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that TLR3, as a crucial medium of innate immunity, participates in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by regulating the transcription and translation of various cytokines, thus affecting the structure and physiological function of resident cells in the cardiovascular system, including vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages. The dysfunction and structural damage of vascular endothelial cells and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells are the key factors in the occurrence of vascular diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion injury, and heart failure. Meanwhile, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages are involved in the development of CVDs. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to explore the latest research published on TLR3 in CVDs and discuss current understanding of potential mechanisms by which TLR3 contributes to CVDs. Even though TLR3 is a developing area, it has strong treatment potential as an immunomodulator and deserves further study for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Zhuang
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; First Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Riken Chen
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zheng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Lu
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Hong
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Fan S, Hu Y. Role of m6A Methylation in the Occurrence and Development of Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:892113. [PMID: 35811741 PMCID: PMC9263194 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.892113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is one of the most common epigenetic modifications in RNA nucleotides. It is known that m6A methylation is involved in regulation, including gene expression, homeostasis, mRNA stability and other biological processes, affecting metabolism and a variety of biochemical regulation processes, and affecting the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. Cardiovascular disease has high morbidity, disability rate and mortality in the world, of which heart failure is the final stage. Deeper understanding of the potential molecular mechanism of heart failure and exploring more effective treatment strategies will bring good news to the sick population. At present, m6A methylation is the latest research direction, which reveals some potential links between epigenetics and pathogenesis of heart failure. And m6A methylation will bring new directions and ideas for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of heart failure. The purpose of this paper is to review the physiological and pathological mechanisms of m6A methylation that may be involved in cardiac remodeling in heart failure, so as to explain the possible role of m6A methylation in the occurrence and development of heart failure. And we hope to help m6A methylation obtain more in-depth research in the occurrence and development of heart failure.
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9
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Komal S, Komal N, Mujtaba A, Wang SH, Zhang LR, Han SN. Potential therapeutic strategies for myocardial infarction: the role of Toll-like receptors. Immunol Res 2022; 70:607-623. [PMID: 35608723 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening condition among patients with cardiovascular diseases. MI increases the risk of stroke and heart failure and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to the development of MI, suggesting that further understanding of the pathomechanism of MI might help in the early management and treatment of this disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-known members of the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family and contribute to both adaptive and innate immunity. Collectively, studies suggest that TLRs have a cardioprotective effect. However, prolonged TLR activation in the response to signals generated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) results in the release of inflammatory cytokines and contributes to the development and exacerbation of myocardial inflammation, MI, ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocarditis, and heart failure. The objective of this review is to discuss and summarize the association of TLRs with MI, highlighting their therapeutic potential for the development of advanced TLR-targeted therapies for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumra Komal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Nimrah Komal
- Department of Pharmacology, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Mirpur, 10250, Pakistan
| | - Ali Mujtaba
- Department of Pharmacology, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Mirpur, 10250, Pakistan
| | - Shu-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Sheng-Na Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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10
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Chen YS, Chuang WC, Kung HN, Cheng CY, Huang DY, Sekar P, Lin WW. Pan-Caspase Inhibitor zVAD Induces Necroptotic and Autophagic Cell Death in TLR3/4-Stimulated Macrophages. Mol Cells 2022; 45:257-272. [PMID: 34949739 PMCID: PMC9001149 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to inducing apoptosis, caspase inhibition contributes to necroptosis and/or autophagy depending on the cell type and cellular context. In macrophages, necroptosis can be induced by co-treatment with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] for TLR4 and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly I:C] for TLR3) and a cell-permeable pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD. Here, we elucidated the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of cell death. We showed that LPS/zVAD- and poly I:C/zVAD-induced cell death in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was inhibited by receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) inhibitor necrostatin-1 and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. Electron microscopic images displayed autophagosome/autolysosomes, and immunoblotting data revealed increased LC3II expression. Although zVAD did not affect LPS- or poly I:C-induced activation of IKK, JNK, and p38, it enhanced IRF3 and STAT1 activation as well as type I interferon (IFN) expression. In addition, zVAD inhibited ERK and Akt phosphorylation induced by LPS and poly I:C. Of note, zVAD-induced enhancement of the IRF3/IFN/STAT1 axis was abolished by necrostatin-1, while zVAD-induced inhibition of ERK and Akt was not. Our data further support the involvement of autocrine IFNs action in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent necroptosis, LPS/zVAD-elicited ROS production was inhibited by necrostatin-1, neutralizing antibody of IFN receptor (IFNR) and JAK inhibitor AZD1480. Accordingly, both cell death and ROS production induced by TLR ligands plus zVAD were abrogated in STAT1 knockout macrophages. We conclude that enhanced TRIF-RIP1-dependent autocrine action of IFNβ, rather than inhibition of ERK or Akt, is involved in TLRs/zVAD-induced autophagic and necroptotic cell death via the JAK/STAT1/ROS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Shen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu 64041, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chu Chuang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ni Kung
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ponarulselvam Sekar
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Wan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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11
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Chen E, Chang H, Gao R, Qiu Y, Chen H, Cheng X, Gan L, Ye-Lehmann S, Zhu T, Liu J, Chen G, Chen C. Poly(I:C) attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by restoring autophagic function. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22317. [PMID: 35438806 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101220rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) is the agonist of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), which participates in innate immune responses under the condition of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). It has been shown that poly(I:C) exhibited cardioprotective activities through the PI3K/Akt pathway, which is the main signal transduction pathway during autophagy. However, the precise mechanism by whether poly(I:C) regulates autophagy remains poorly understood. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effect of poly(I:C) against MIRI and the underlying pathway connection with autophagy. We demonstrated that 1.25 and 5 mg/kg poly(I:C) preconditioning significantly reduced myocardial infarct size and cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, poly(I:C) significantly promoted cell survival by restoring autophagy flux and then regulating it to an adequate level Increased autophagy protein Beclin1 and LC3II together with p62 degradation after additional chloroquine. In addition, mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenoviruses exhibited autophagy activity in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs). Mechanistically, poly(I:C) activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to induce autophagy, which was abolished by LY294002 (PI3K antagonist), rapamycin (autophagy activator and mTOR inhibitor), or 3-methyladenine (autophagy inhibitor), suggesting either inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway or autophagy activity interrupt the beneficial effect of poly(I:C) preconditioning. In conclusion, poly(I:C) promotes cardiomyocyte survival from ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erya Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Translational Neuroscience Center, The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiqing Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Translational Neuroscience Center, The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Translational Neuroscience Center, The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhua Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Translational Neuroscience Center, The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Translational Neuroscience Center, The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shixin Ye-Lehmann
- INSERM Tenured Researcher (CR)INSERM Research Unit U1195, Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System, University of Paris-Scalay Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre CEDEX, France
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Translational Neuroscience Center, The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Translational Neuroscience Center, The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Translational Neuroscience Center, The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Translational Neuroscience Center, The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
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12
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Guan YH, Wang N, Deng ZW, Chen XG, Liu Y. Exploiting autophagy-regulative nanomaterials for activation of dendritic cells enables reinforced cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2022; 282:121434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Croci S, Venneri MA, Mantovani S, Fallerini C, Benetti E, Picchiotti N, Campolo F, Imperatore F, Palmieri M, Daga S, Gabbi C, Montagnani F, Beligni G, Farias TDJ, Carriero ML, Di Sarno L, Alaverdian D, Aslaksen S, Cubellis MV, Spiga O, Baldassarri M, Fava F, Norman PJ, Frullanti E, Isidori AM, Amoroso A, Mari F, Furini S, Mondelli MU, Gen-Covid Multicenter Study, Chiariello M, Renieri A, Meloni I. The polymorphism L412F in TLR3 inhibits autophagy and is a marker of severe COVID-19 in males. Autophagy 2021; 18:1662-1672. [PMID: 34964709 PMCID: PMC9298458 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1995152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymorphism L412F in TLR3 has been associated with several infectious diseases. However, the mechanism underlying this association is still unexplored. Here, we show that the L412F polymorphism in TLR3 is a marker of severity in COVID-19. This association increases in the sub-cohort of males. Impaired macroautophagy/autophagy and reduced TNF/TNFα production was demonstrated in HEK293 cells transfected with TLR3L412F-encoding plasmid and stimulated with specific agonist poly(I:C). A statistically significant reduced survival at 28 days was shown in L412F COVID-19 patients treated with the autophagy-inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (p = 0.038). An increased frequency of autoimmune disorders such as co-morbidity was found in L412F COVID-19 males with specific class II HLA haplotypes prone to autoantigen presentation. Our analyses indicate that L412F polymorphism makes males at risk of severe COVID-19 and provides a rationale for reinterpreting clinical trials considering autophagy pathways. Abbreviations: AP: autophagosome; AUC: area under the curve; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; COVID-19: coronavirus disease-2019; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; RAP: rapamycin; ROC: receiver operating characteristic; SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TLR: toll like receptor; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Croci
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Mantovani
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fallerini
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Benetti
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Picchiotti
- DIISM-SAILAB, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Mathematics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Imperatore
- Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Core Research Laboratory, Via Fiorentina, Siena, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto DI Fisiologia Clinica, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Palmieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sergio Daga
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Gabbi
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Montagnani
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Beligni
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ticiana D J Farias
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Miriam Lucia Carriero
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Di Sarno
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Diana Alaverdian
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sigrid Aslaksen
- Department of Clinical Science, Universty of Bergen and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Ottavia Spiga
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Baldassarri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Fava
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paul J Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Elisa Frullanti
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Mari
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Italy
| | - Simone Furini
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mario U Mondelli
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Mario Chiariello
- Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Core Research Laboratory, Via Fiorentina, Siena, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto DI Fisiologia Clinica, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Italy
| | - Ilaria Meloni
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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14
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Bayer AL, Alcaide P. MyD88: At the heart of inflammatory signaling and cardiovascular disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 161:75-85. [PMID: 34371036 PMCID: PMC8629847 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide and is associated with systemic inflammation. In depth study of the cell-specific signaling mechanisms mediating the inflammatory response is vital to improving anti-inflammatory therapies that reduce mortality and morbidity. Cellular damage in the cardiovascular system results in the release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), also known as "alarmins," which activate myeloid cells through the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88). MyD88 is broadly expressed in most cell types of the immune and cardiovascular systems, and its role often differs in a cardiovascular disease context and cell specific manner. Herein we review what is known about MyD88 in the setting of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, discussing cell specific functions and the relative contributions of MyD88-dependent vs. independent alarmin triggered inflammatory signaling. The widespread involvement of these pathways in cardiovascular disease, and their largely unexplored complexity, sets the stage for future in depth mechanistic studies that may place MyD88 in both immune and non-immune cell types as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham L Bayer
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine. 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, United States of America.
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine. 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, United States of America.
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15
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Hudson J, Farkas L. Epigenetic Regulation of Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212098. [PMID: 34829978 PMCID: PMC8617605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Once perceived as a disorder treated by vasodilation, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) has emerged as a pulmonary vascular disease with severe endothelial cell dysfunction. In the absence of a cure, many studies seek to understand the detailed mechanisms of EC regulation to potentially create more therapeutic options for PAH. Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by complex phenotypic changes including unchecked proliferation, apoptosis-resistance, enhanced inflammatory signaling and metabolic reprogramming. Recent studies have highlighted the role of epigenetic modifications leading to pro-inflammatory response pathways, endothelial dysfunction, and the progression of PAH. This review summarizes the existing literature on epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, which can lead to aberrant endothelial function. Our goal is to develop a conceptual framework for immune dysregulation and epigenetic changes in endothelial cells in the context of PAH. These studies as well as others may lead to advances in therapeutics to treat this devastating disease.
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16
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Omar EM, Omar RS, Shoela MS, El Sayed NS. A study of the cardioprotective effect of spermidine: A novel inducer of autophagy. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:281-288. [PMID: 34975121 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_76_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an instant death of cardiomyocytes that ends in a large mortality worldwide. Thus, there is a great interest to come up with novel protective approaches for AMI to mount cardiomyocyte survival, enhance postinfarcted cardiac function, and countermand the process of cardiac remodeling. Spermidine has vital roles in vast cellular processes under pathophysiological circumstances. This study aims to enhance our comprehension of the role of autophagy as a possible protective sequel of spermidine supplementation on postinfarction ventricular dysfunction in a rat model of AMI induced by isoproterenol (ISO). Thirty male rats were divided into three groups (control, AMI, and spermidine + AMI). AMI was induced by subcutaneous ISO injections for two consecutive days. Rats were pretreated with spermidine by intraperitoneal injection before induction of AMI. Electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded in all rats 24 h after the second dose of ISO. Rats were sacrificed after ECG recording, and samples were taken for biochemical assessments. Spermidine intake before induction of AMI in rats significantly attenuated cardiac dysfunction where cardiac enzymes are decreased, and ECG changes induced by ISO are reversed in cardiomyocytes. Spermidine affects the autophagic flux of autophagy-related protein expression (LC3-II, TFEP, and p62). Furthermore, it increased the total antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Magdy Omar
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rasha Said Omar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mai Said Shoela
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Norhan Sobhy El Sayed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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17
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Wang S, Zhang K, Yao Y, Li J. Autophagy and Mitochondrial Homeostasis During Infection: A Double-Edged Sword. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:738932. [PMID: 34540852 PMCID: PMC8448420 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.738932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, an essential biological process that affects immunity, is a powerful tool that host cells can use to defend against infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Autophagy can not only initiate innate immune responses but also degrade the cellular components that provide the conditions for removing the invaders. However, hyperactivated or inhibited autophagy leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, which is harmful to the host itself and is involved in many types of diseases. Mitochondria perform the functions of biological oxidation and energy exchange. In addition, mitochondrial functions are closely related to cell death, oxygen radical formation, and disease. Accumulation of mitochondrial metabolites affects survival of intracellular pathogens. In this mini-review, we focus on the crosstalk between autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
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18
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Stimulation of Toll-Like Receptor 3 Diminishes Intracellular Growth of Salmonella Typhimurium by Enhancing Autophagy in Murine Macrophages. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090602. [PMID: 34564417 PMCID: PMC8466172 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a facultative Gram-negative bacterium that causes acute gastroenteritis and food poisoning. S. Typhimurium can survive within macrophages that are able to initiate the innate immune response after recognizing bacteria via various pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In this study, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms by which agonists of endosomal TLRs—especially TLR3—contribute to controlling S. Typhimurium infection in murine macrophages. Treatment with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C))—an agonist of TLR3—significantly suppressed intracellular bacterial growth by promoting intracellular ROS production in S. Typhimurium-infected cells. Pretreatment with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI)—an NADPH oxidase inhibitor—reduced phosphorylated MEK1/2 levels and restored intracellular bacterial growth in poly(I:C)-treated cells during S. Typhimurium infection. Nitric oxide (NO) production increased through the NF-κB-mediated signaling pathway in poly(I:C)-treated cells during S. Typhimurium infection. Intracellular microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) levels were increased in poly(I:C)-treated cells; however, they were decreased in cells pretreated with 3-methyladenine (3-MA)—a commonly used inhibitor of autophagy. These results suggest that poly(I:C) induces autophagy and enhances ROS production via MEK1/2-mediated signaling to suppress intracellular bacterial growth in S. Typhimurium-infected murine macrophages, and that a TLR3 agonist could be developed as an immune enhancer to protect against S. Typhimurium infection.
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19
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Kapelouzou A, Katsimpoulas M, Kontogiannis C, Lidoriki I, Georgiopoulos G, Kourek C, Papageorgiou C, Mylonas KS, Dritsas S, Charalabopoulos A, Cokkinos DV. A High-Cholesterol Diet Increases Toll-like Receptors and Other Harmful Factors in the Rabbit Myocardium: The Beneficial Effect of Statins. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:818-830. [PMID: 34449561 PMCID: PMC8928938 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A high-cholesterol diet (HCD) induces vascular atherosclerosis through vascular inflammatory and immunological processes via TLRs. The aim of this study is to investigate the mRNA expression of TLRs and other noxious biomarkers expressing inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and cardiac dysfunction in the rabbit myocardium during (a) high-cholesterol diet (HCD), (b) normal diet resumption and (c) fluvastatin or rosuvastatin treatment. Methods: Forty-eight male rabbits were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 6/group). In the first experiment, three groups were fed with HCD for 1, 2 and 3 months. In the second experiment, three groups were fed with HCD for 3 months, followed by normal chow for 1 month and administration of fluvastatin or rosuvastatin for 1 month. Control groups were fed with normal chow for 90 and 120 days. The whole myocardium was removed; total RNA was isolated from acquired samples, and polymerase chain reaction, reverse transcription PCR and quantitative real-time PCR were performed. Results: mRNA of TLRs 2, 3, 4 and 8; interleukin-6; TNF-a; metalloproteinase-2; tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1; tumor protein 53; cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3; and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) increased in HCD. Statins but not resumption of a normal diet decreased levels of these biomarkers and increased levels of antifibrotic factors. Conclusions: HCD increases the levels of TLRs; inflammatory, fibrotic and apoptotic factors; and BNP in the rabbit myocardium. Atherogenic diets adversely affect the myocardium at a molecular level and are reversed by statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkistis Kapelouzou
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (M.K.)
- Attiko Hospital Animal, 19002 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kontogiannis
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (G.G.); (C.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Irene Lidoriki
- Vascular Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.L.); (K.S.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (G.G.); (C.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Christos Kourek
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (G.G.); (C.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Christos Papageorgiou
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (G.G.); (C.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Konstantinos S. Mylonas
- Vascular Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.L.); (K.S.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Spyridon Dritsas
- Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Alexandros Charalabopoulos
- Vascular Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.L.); (K.S.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Dennis V. Cokkinos
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +30-210-6597376
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20
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Wang Z, Zhang M, Xu Y, Gu Y, Song Y, Jiang T. Identification of Independent and Communal Differentially Expressed Genes as Well as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Ischemic Heart Failure and Non-Ischemic Heart Failure. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:683-693. [PMID: 34163213 PMCID: PMC8214211 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s313621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) is a rapidly growing public health problem, and its two main etiological types are non-ischemic heart failure (NIHF) and ischemic heart failure (IHF). However, the independent and common mechanisms of NIHF and IHF have not been fully elucidated. Here, bioinformatic analysis was used to characterize the difference and independent pathways for IHF and NIHF, and more importantly, to unearth the common potential markers and therapeutic targets in IHF and NIHF. Methods Two data sets with accession numbers GSE26887 and GSE84796 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After identifying the independent and communal DEGs of NIHF and IHF, a functional annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, co-expression and drug-gene interaction prediction analysis, and mRNA-miRNA regulatory network analysis were performed for DEGs. Results We found 1146 independent DEGs (DEGs2) of NIHF mainly enriched in transcription-related and 2595 independent DEGs (DEGs3) of IHF mainly enriched in immune-related. Moreover, 185 communal DEGs (DEGs1) were found between NIHF and IHF, including 93 upregulated genes and 92 downregulated genes. Pathway enrichment analysis results showed that GPCR pathways and biological processes are closely related to the occurrence of HF. In addition, three hub genes were identified from PPI network, including CCL5, C5 and TLR3. Conclusion The identification of DEGs and hub genes in this study contributes to a novel perception for potential functional mechanisms and biomarkers or therapeutic targets in NIHF and IHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoxiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyu Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingbo Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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21
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Favere K, Bosman M, Klingel K, Heymans S, Van Linthout S, Delputte PL, De Sutter J, Heidbuchel H, Guns PJ. Toll-Like Receptors: Are They Taking a Toll on the Heart in Viral Myocarditis? Viruses 2021; 13:v13061003. [PMID: 34072044 PMCID: PMC8227433 DOI: 10.3390/v13061003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart with viral infections being the most common aetiology. Its complex biology remains poorly understood and its clinical management is one of the most challenging in the field of cardiology. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors, are increasingly known to be implicated in the pathophysiology of viral myocarditis. Their central role in innate and adaptive immune responses, and in the inflammatory reaction that ensues, indeed makes them prime candidates to profoundly affect every stage of the disease process. This review describes the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of viral myocarditis, and scrutinises the role of TLRs in every phase. We conclude with directions for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Favere
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (M.B.); (P.-J.G.)
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
| | - Matthias Bosman
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (M.B.); (P.-J.G.)
| | - Karin Klingel
- Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter L. Delputte
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Johan De Sutter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Hein Heidbuchel
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Guns
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (M.B.); (P.-J.G.)
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22
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Gatica D, Chiong M, Lavandero S, Klionsky DJ. The role of autophagy in cardiovascular pathology. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:934-950. [PMID: 33956077 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved catabolic recycling pathway in which cytoplasmic components are sequestered, degraded, and recycled to survive various stress conditions. Autophagy dysregulation has been observed and linked with the development and progression of several pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death in the developed world. In this review, we aim to provide a broad understanding of the different molecular factors that govern autophagy regulation and how these mechanisms are involved in the development of specific cardiovascular pathologies, including ischemic and reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac remodeling, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Gatica
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile.,Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago 7860201, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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23
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Khawaja A, Bromage DI. The innate immune response in myocarditis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 134:105973. [PMID: 33831592 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocarditis is an inflammatory condition of the heart characterised by cellular injury and the influx of leucocytes, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes. While this response is vital for tissue repair, excessive scar deposition and maladaptive ventricular remodelling can result in a legacy of heart failure. It is increasingly recognised as a clinical phenomenon due, in part, to increased availability of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients presenting with chest pain in the absence of significant coronary artery disease. Emerging epidemiological evidence has associated myocarditis with poor outcomes in the context of left ventricular impairment, and even when the left ventricle is preserved outcomes are less benign than once thought. Despite this, our understanding of the contribution of the inflammatory response to the pathophysiology of acute myocarditis lags behind that of acute myocardial infarction, which is the vanguard cardiovascular condition for inflammation research. We recently reviewed monocyte and macrophage phenotype and function in acute myocardial infarction, concluding that their plasticity and heterogeneity might account for conflicting evidence from attempts to target specific leucocyte subpopulations. Here, we revise our understanding of myocardial inflammation, which is predominantly derived from myocardial infarction research, review experimental evidence for the immune response in acute myocarditis, focusing on innate immunity, and discuss potential future directions for immunotherapy research in acute myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Khawaja
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Daniel I Bromage
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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24
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Xiao Q, Chen XH, Jiang RC, Chen SY, Chen KF, Zhu X, Zhang XL, Huang JJ, Qin Y, Zhang GP, Yi Q, Luo JD. Ubc9 Attenuates Myocardial Ischemic Injury Through Accelerating Autophagic Flux. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:561306. [PMID: 33041800 PMCID: PMC7522513 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.561306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims SUMOylation is a post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in the cellular stress response. We aimed to demonstrate whether and how the SUMO E2 conjugation enzyme Ubc9 affects acute myocardial ischemic (MI) injury. Methods and Results Adenovirus expressing Ubc9 was administrated by multipoint injection in the border zone of heart immediately after MI in C57BL/6 mice. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were also infected, followed by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). In vivo, Ubc9 adenovirus-injected mice showed decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduced myocardial fibrosis, and improved cardiac function post-MI. In vitro, overexpression of Ubc9 decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, whereas silence of Ubc9 showed the opposite results during OGD. We next found that Ubc9 significantly decreased the accumulation of autophagy marker p62/SQSTM, while the LC3 II level hardly changed. When in the presence of bafilomycin A1 (BAF), the Ubc9 adenovirus plus OGD group presented a higher level of LC3 II and GFP-LC3 puncta than the OGD group. Moreover, the Ubc9 adenovirus group displayed increased numbers of yellow plus red puncta and a rising ratio of red to yellow puncta on the mRFP-GFP-LC3 fluorescence assay, indicating that Ubc9 induces an acceleration of autophagic flux from activation to degradation. Mechanistically, Ubc9 upregulated SUMOylation of the core proteins Vps34 and Beclin1 in the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K-III) complexes and boosted the protein assembly of PI3K-III complex I and II under OGD. Moreover, the colocalization of Vps34 with autophagosome marker LC3 or lysosome marker Lamp1 was augmented after Ubc9 overexpression, indicating a positive effect of Ubc9-boosted protein assembly of the PI3K-III complexes on autophagic flux enhancement. Conclusions We uncovered a novel role of Ubc9 in protecting cardiomyocytes from ischemic stress via Ubc9-induced SUMOylation, leading to increased PI3K-III complex assembly and autophagy-positioning. These findings may indicate a potential therapeutic target, Ubc9, for treatment of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ru-Chao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Children Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jun Huang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Ping Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Yi
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Dong Luo
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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The Association of rs1898830 in Toll-Like Receptor 2 with Lipids and Blood Pressure. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7030024. [PMID: 32650372 PMCID: PMC7569770 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important components of the innate immune system, involved in establishing immunity to infections. Apart from being implicated in immunity, numerous studies have reported that many TLRs, including TLR2, are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors. Since rs1898830 is associated with TLR2-mediated cellular activation, we aimed to study its association with CVD risk factors, such as lipid levels and hypertension. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 460 individuals free from chronic diseases. Clinical and biological data were collected and DNA was extracted and genotyped using Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP™). Multiple logistic regression models, adjusted for six covariates, were used. A power calculation analysis was also performed. RESULTS We found that rs1898830 in TLR2 was positively associated with hypertension (OR = 2.18, p = 0.03) and negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 0.66, p = 0.05). In contrast, no relation was found with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSION The present results provide additional evidence supporting the implication of TLR2 in CVD risk factors.
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26
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de Kleijn DPV, Chong SY, Wang X, Yatim SMJM, Fairhurst AM, Vernooij F, Zharkova O, Chan MY, Foo RSY, Timmers L, Lam CSP, Wang JW. Toll-like receptor 7 deficiency promotes survival and reduces adverse left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1791-1803. [PMID: 30830156 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is an intracellular innate immune receptor activated by nucleic acids shed from dying cells leading to activation of the innate immune system. Since innate immune system activation is involved in the response to myocardial infarction (MI), this study aims to identify if TLR7 is involved in post-MI ischaemic injury and adverse remodelling after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS TLR7 involvement in MI was investigated in human tissue from patients with ischaemic heart failure, as well as in a mouse model of permanent left anterior descending artery occlusion in C57BL/6J wild type and TLR7 deficient (TLR7-/-) mice. TLR7 expression was up-regulated in human and mouse ischaemic myocardium after MI. Compared to wild type mice, TLR7-/- mice had less acute cardiac rupture associated with blunted activation of matrix metalloproteinase 2, increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, recruitment of more myofibroblasts, and the formation of a myocardial scar with higher collagen fibre density. Furthermore, inflammatory cell influx and inflammatory cytokine expression post-MI were reduced in the TLR7-/- heart. During a 28-day follow-up after MI, TLR7 deficiency resulted in less chronic adverse left ventricular remodelling and better cardiac function. Bone marrow (BM) transplantation experiments showed that TLR7 deficiency in BM-derived cells preserved cardiac function after MI. CONCLUSIONS In acute MI, TLR7 mediates the response to acute cardiac injury and chronic remodelling probably via modulation of post-MI scar formation and BM-derived inflammatory infiltration of the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique P V de Kleijn
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS), Singapore, Singapore.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suet Yen Chong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siti Maryam J M Yatim
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna-Marie Fairhurst
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Flora Vernooij
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olga Zharkova
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Y Chan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger S Y Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS), Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leo Timmers
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Zhang H, Yin Y, Liu Y, Zou G, Huang H, Qian P, Zhang G, Zhang J. Necroptosis mediated by impaired autophagy flux contributes to adverse ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113915. [PMID: 32179044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Loss of functional cardiomyocytes by cell death after myocardial infarction is most critical for the subsequent left ventricular remodeling, cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Numerous studies have implicated that dysregulation of autophagy might contribute to cardiomyocyte death. However, the underlying mechanisms by which autophagy dysregulation-mediated cell death remains to be elusive. Herein, we showed that,in response to myocardial ischemic damage in vivo and in vitro, autophagy activity was increased quickly but followed by the process of impaired autophagic degradation as evidenced by the sustained higher level of beclin1 until 12 weeks after myocardial infarction, while, increased accumulation of LC3 and p62. The results from both tandem mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus and lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine supported defective autophagy induction by ischemia injury. Importantly, we found that the impaired autophagy flux, induced not only pharmacologically by CQ but also genetically by beclin1 knockdown, upregulated the expression of RIP3 and aggravated OGD-induced necroptotic cardiomyocyte death and cardiac dysfunction. While, upregulation of autophagy by cardiac-specific beclin1 overexpression partially ameliorated cardiac dysfunction after MI. Furthermore, constitutive activation of necroptosis by forced cardiac-specific overexpression of RIP3 aggravated necrotic cardiomyocyte death, post-MI cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction, but all of which could be ameliorated by inhibition of necroptosis by RIP3 knockdown. In conclusion, these results suggested that autophagy dysfunction-mediated necroptosis mechanistically contributed to loss of cardiomyocytes, adverse ventricular remodeling and progressive heart failure after myocardial Infarction. Inhibition of necroptosis might be the potential target for preventing post-infarction cardiac remodeling and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
| | - Yuan Yin
- Affiliated Guangxi International Zhuang Medical Hospital, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Medical College of Jiaying University, Meizhou 514031, PR China
| | - Gangling Zou
- Nanhai Mental Health Center, People's Hospital of Nanhai District, Foshan 528200, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Peipei Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Guiping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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28
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Xiao C, Wang K, Xu Y, Hu H, Zhang N, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Zhao J, Li Q, Zhu D, Ke C, Zhong S, Wu X, Yu H, Zhu W, Chen J, Zhang J, Wang J, Hu X. Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduce Autophagic Flux in Infarcted Hearts via the Exosomal Transfer of miR-125b. Circ Res 2019; 123:564-578. [PMID: 29921652 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Autophagy can preserve cell viability under conditions of mild ischemic stress by degrading damaged organelles for ATP production, but under conditions of severe ischemia, it can promote cell death and worsen cardiac performance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are cardioprotective when tested in animal models of myocardial infarction, but whether these benefits occur through the regulation of autophagy is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine whether transplanted MSCs reduce the rate of autophagic degradation (autophagic flux) in infarcted hearts and if so, to characterize the mechanisms involved. METHODS AND RESULTS Treatment with transplanted MSCs improved cardiac function and infarct size while reducing apoptosis and measures of autophagic flux (bafilomycin A1-induced LC3-II [microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3] accumulation and autophagosome/autolysosome prevalence) in infarcted mouse hearts. In hypoxia and serum deprivation-cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes, autophagic flux and cell death, as well as p53-Bnip3 (B-cell lymphoma 2-interacting protein 3) signaling, declined when the cells were cultured with MSCs or MSC-secreted exosomes (MSC-exo), but the changes associated with MSC-exo were largely abolished by pretreatment with the exosomal inhibitor GW4869. Furthermore, a mimic of the exosomal oligonucleotide miR-125b reduced, whereas an anti-miR-125b oligonucleotide increased, autophagic flux and cell death, via modulating p53-Bnip3 signaling in hypoxia and serum deprivation-cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. In the in vivo mouse myocardial infarction model, MSC-exo, but not the exosomes obtained from MSCs pretreated with the anti-miR-125b oligonucleotide (MSC-exoanti-miR-125b), recapitulated the same results as the in vitro experiments. Moreover, measurements of infarct size and cardiac function were significantly better in groups that were treated with MSC-exo than the MSC-exoanti-miR-125b group. CONCLUSIONS The beneficial effects offered by MSC transplantation after myocardial infarction are at least partially because of improved autophagic flux through excreted exosome containing mainly miR-125b-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchen Xiao
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
| | - Kan Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
| | - Yinchuan Xu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
| | - Hengxun Hu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
| | - Na Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
| | - Yingchao Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
| | - Zhiwei Zhong
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
| | - Jing Zhao
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
| | - Qingju Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
| | - Dan Zhu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
| | - Changle Ke
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
| | - Shuhan Zhong
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
| | - Xianpeng Wu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
| | - Hong Yu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
| | - Wei Zhu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
| | - Jinghai Chen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Institute of Translational Medicine (J.C.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.Z.)
| | - Jian'an Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
| | - Xinyang Hu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.).,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.X., K.W., Y.X., H.H., N.Z., Y.W., Z.Z., J.Z., Q.L., D.Z., C.K., S.Z., X.W., H.Y., W.Z., J.C., J.W., X.H.)
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Zhang SP, Yang RH, Shang J, Gao T, Wang R, Peng XD, Miao X, Pan L, Yuan WJ, Lin L, Hu QK. FOXC1 up-regulates the expression of toll-like receptors in myocardial ischaemia. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7566-7580. [PMID: 31517441 PMCID: PMC6815849 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischaemia (MI) remains a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests a significant role for innate immunity, in which the family of toll‐like receptors (TLRs) acts as an essential player. We previously reported and reviewed the changes of Tlr expression in models of MI. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating Tlr expression in MI remain unclear. The present study first screened transcription factors (TFs) that potentially regulate Tlr gene transcription based on in silico analyses followed by experimental verification, using both in vivo and in vitro models. Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) was identified as a putative TF, which was highly responsive to MI. Next, by focusing on two representative TLR subtypes, an intracellular subtype TLR3 and a cell‐surface subtype TLR4, the regulation of FOXC1 on Tlr expression was investigated. The overexpression or knockdown of FoxC1 was observed to up‐ or down‐regulate Tlr3/4 mRNA and protein levels, respectively. A dual‐luciferase assay showed that FOXC1 trans‐activated Tlr3/4 promoter, and a ChIP assay showed direct binding of FOXC1 to Tlr3/4 promoter. Last, a functional study of FOXC1 was performed, which revealed the pro‐inflammatory effects of FOXC1 and its destructive effects on infarct size and heart function in a mouse model of MI. The present study for the first time identified FOXC1 as a novel regulator of Tlr expression and described its function in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruo-Han Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital, Guangyuan, China
| | - Jia Shang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao Miao
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Kuan Hu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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30
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Cardioprotective microRNAs: Lessons from stem cell-derived exosomal microRNAs to treat cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2019; 285:1-9. [PMID: 30939341 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The stem cell-based therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for treating cardiovascular ischemic diseases (CVIDs), such as myocardial infarction (MI). However, some important functional shortcomings of stem cell transplantation, such as immune rejection, tumorigenicity and infusional toxicity, have overshadowed stem cell therapy in the setting of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Accumulating evidence suggests that the therapeutic effects of transplanted stem cells are predominately mediated by secreting paracrine factors, importantly, microRNAs (miRs) present in the secreted exosomes. Therefore, novel cell-free therapy based on the stem cell-secreted exosomal miRs can be considered as a safe and effective alternative tool to stem cell therapy for the treatment of CVDs. Stem cell-derived miRs have recently been found to transfer, via exosomes, from a transplanted stem cell into a recipient cardiac cell, where they regulate various cellular process, such as proliferation, apoptosis, stress responses, as well as differentiation and angiogenesis. The present review aimed to summarize cardioprotective exosomal miRs secreted by transplanted stem cells from various sources, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and cardiac stem/progenitor cells, which showed beneficial modulatory effects on the myocardial infracted heart. In summary, stem cell-exosomal miRs, including miR-19a, mirR-21, miR-21-5p, miR-21-a5p, miR-22 miR-24, miR-26a, miR-29, miR-125b-5p, miR-126, miR-201, miR-210, and miR-294, have been shown to have cardioprotective effects by enhancing cardiomyocyte survival and function and attenuating cardiac fibrosis. Additionally, MCS-exosomal miRs, including miR-126, miR-210, miR-21, miR-23a-3p and miR-130a-3p, are found to exert cardioprotective effects through induction of angiogenesis in ischemic heart after MI.
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31
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Gao X, Gao S, Guan Y, Huang L, Huang J, Lin L, Liu Y, Zhao H, Huang B, Yuan T, Liu Y, Liang D, Zhang Y, Ma X, Li L, Li J, Zhou D, Shi D, Xu L, Chen YH. Toll-like receptor 3 controls QT interval on the electrocardiogram by targeting the degradation of Kv4.2/4.3 channels in the endoplasmic reticulum. FASEB J 2019; 33:6197-6208. [PMID: 30758987 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801464r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
TLRs have been proven to be essential mediators for the early innate immune response. Overactivation of TLR-mediated immune signaling promotes deterioration of cardiovascular diseases; however, the role of TLRs in the heart under physiologic conditions remains neglected. Here, we show that Tlr3 deficiency induced the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention of Kv4.2/4.3 proteins and consequent degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Knockout of Tlr3 resulted in a prolonged QT interval (the space between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave) in mice with no significant signs of inflammation and tissue abnormality in cardiac muscles. Prolongation of action potential duration resulted from the depression of transient outward potassium channel (Ito) currents in Tlr3-deficient ventricular myocytes mirrored the change in QT interval. Mechanistically, we found that Tlr3 was exclusively localized in the ER of cardiomyocytes where it interacted with Kv4.2/4.3 subunits of Ito channel. Thus, our data indicated that TLR3 directly regulates Ito channel protein dynamics to maintain cardiac repolarization, which may implicate a new molecular surveillance system for cardiac electrophysiological homeostasis.-Gao, X., Gao, S., Guan, Y., Huang, L., Huang, J., Lin, L., Liu, Y., Zhao, H., Huang, B., Yuan, T., Liu, Y., Liang, D., Zhang, Y., Ma, X., Li, L., Li, J., Zhou, D., Shi, D., Xu, L., Chen, Y.-H. Toll-like receptor 3 controls QT interval on the electrocardiogram by targeting the degradation of Kv4.2/4.3 channels in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Gao
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyun Gao
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Guan
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Huang
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Lin
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bijun Huang
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyou Yuan
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiue Ma
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daizhan Zhou
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Shi
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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