1
|
McCrimmon J, Widman L, Brasileiro J. Adolescent Barriers to Sexual Communication with Their Parents: Differences by Sexual and Gender Identity. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38905151 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2024.2362899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Parent-adolescent sexual communication has important health benefits for adolescents, yet not all families openly communicate about sex. In particular, adolescents often report various barriers to engaging in sexual communication with their parents. The purpose of this study was to address gaps in past research by examining barriers to communication with both mothers and fathers, separately, as well as to explore the unique barriers to communication among queer and trans adolescents. Participants were recruited via Instagram (n = 566; Mage = 16.0; 57.6% cisgender girls; 41.4% heterosexual). The most endorsed barrier to communicating with mothers was the adolescent believing they already knew enough about sexual topics. The most endorsed barrier for communicating with fathers was embarrassment. The least endorsed barriers included mother's lack of knowledge, and perceptions of anger from fathers when discussing sexuality. Several differences emerged by sexual and gender identity: cisgender girls and trans adolescents tended to agree more with barriers to communication with parents compared to cisgender boys. Additionally, queer adolescents tended to agree more with barriers to communication with parents than their heterosexual peers, although group differences depended on the particular barrier. These findings highlight specific barriers to parent-adolescent sexual communication faced by various groups of youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Widman
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kachingwe ON, Reynolds KD, Blakely L, Stoebenau K, Aparicio EM. "Speak from a place of love": The family dynamics surrounding Black father-daughter sexual health communication. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 38886265 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parent-child sexual health communication reduces sexual risk behaviors among youth, which in turn lowers the transmission rate of HIV and sexually transmitted infections. Despite being a known protective factor, gender differences persist with mothers being more likely to discuss sexual health with their children than fathers. Although individual characteristics, interpersonal familial factors and societal norms (e.g., communication self-efficacy, parent-child closeness, and cultural and gender norms) are associated with Black parents' likelihood to communicate about sex with their children, the current study seeks to explore which of these factors found among Black mother-child or father-son dyads extend to Black father-daughter dyads and how this phenomenon (i.e., Black father-daughter sexual health communication) relates to family structure. METHODS Seven father-daughter dyads (N = 7) and an additional five daughters (n = 5) in the United States completed individual in-depth semi-structured interviews. Daughters (Mage = 20.3) and fathers (Mage = 56.7) were biologically related, majority heterosexual, close, and lived together. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Analysis revealed three themes centering around the role of authoritative parenting, the tactics and skills facilitating sexual health communication, and family structure. CONCLUSIONS Black father-daughter sexual health communication is facilitated by close father-daughter relationships, non-authoritative parenting styles, and open, supportive, and non-judgmental communication. Fathers can be better supported in knowing how and when best to communicate sexual health messages, and to mitigate the possibly negative impacts on communication of divorce or having multiple children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia N Kachingwe
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Katelyn D Reynolds
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Lenora Blakely
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Kirsten Stoebenau
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Aparicio
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nabunya P, Byansi W, Muwanga J, Bahar OS, Namuwonge F, Ssentumbwe V, Ssewamala FM. Family Factors and Gender Norms as Protective Factors Against Sexual Risk-Taking Behaviors Among Adolescent Girls in Southern Uganda. GLOBAL SOCIAL WELFARE : RESEARCH, POLICY & PRACTICE 2024; 11:111-121. [PMID: 38859819 PMCID: PMC11164544 DOI: 10.1007/s40609-022-00237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent girls and young women are at a higher risk for HIV infection stemming from barriers to accessing comprehensive sexual health education, unequal cultural, social, and economic statuses, limited access to education and health care services, and gender-based violence. This makes adolescent girls susceptible to high-risk sexual behaviors. This study examines the protective role of family, social support factors and gender norms against sexual risk-taking behaviors among secondary school adolescent girls in Uganda. Baseline data from the National Institute of Mental Health-funded Suubi4Her study were analyzed. A total of 1260 girls aged 14-17 years and enrolled in the first or second year of secondary school were recruited across 47 secondary schools. Hierarchical linear regression models were conducted to determine the role of family, social support factors and gender norms on sexual risk-taking behaviors. Results indicate that traditional gender norms, family care and relationships, and social support were all associated with lower levels of sexual risk-taking intentions-a proxy for engaging in sexual risk behaviors. Findings point to the need to develop family level support interventions to equip adolescent girls with adequate sexual health-related knowledge and skills to facilitate safer sexual practices and reduce high-risk sexual-taking behaviors, as they develop and transition into young adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Proscovia Nabunya
- International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - William Byansi
- Boston College School of Social Work, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Joelynn Muwanga
- Department of Health and Human Services, New Hampshire, Division of Public Health, Littleton, USA
| | - Ozge Sensoy Bahar
- International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Flavia Namuwonge
- International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Vicent Ssentumbwe
- International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Fred M. Ssewamala
- International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nattabi J, Nabunya P, Kizito S, Nabayinda J, Kiyingi J, Ssewamala F. The Impact of Parent-Adolescent Communication on Reduction of Sexual Risk Possibility Among Adolescents: Findings from the Suubi-Maka Study. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:3521-3530. [PMID: 37349655 PMCID: PMC10739570 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Sexual risky behaviors among adolescents and young people remain a major public health problem worldwide. This study examined the impact of parent-adolescent communication on adolescents' possibility to engage in risky behaviors. The study used baseline data from the Suubi-Maka Study (2008-2012) implemented in 10 primary schools in Southern Uganda. Binary logistic regression models were conducted to determine the association between parent-adolescent communication and sexual risk possibility. Results indicate that gender [OR 0.220, 95% CI 0.107, 0.455], age [OR 1.891, 95% CI 1.030, 3.471], household size [OR 0.661, 95% CI 0.479, 0.913], and comfort level of family communication [OR 0.944, 95% CI 0.899, 0.990] were significantly associated with lower levels of sexual risk possibility among adolescents. There is a need to build interventions that make it easy and comfortable for adolescents to have open discussion and communication with parents on sexual risk possibility, risky behaviors, and risky situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Nattabi
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, Brown Hall, Office 112, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Proscovia Nabunya
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, Brown Hall, Office 112, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Samuel Kizito
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, Brown Hall, Office 112, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Josephine Nabayinda
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, Brown Hall, Office 112, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Joshua Kiyingi
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, Brown Hall, Office 112, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Fred Ssewamala
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, Brown Hall, Office 112, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pariera KL, Brody E. Encouraging Parental Sexual Communication with Teen Sons: A Social Norms Experiment. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:1395-1403. [PMID: 34894919 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.2010352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Parent-child sexual communication is associated with myriad positive sex-related outcomes for young people, but these conversations tend to be infrequent and limited in scope. Using the Social Norms Approach, we hypothesized that learning that other parents talk with their children about sex-related topics would motivate parents to talk about more sex-related topics with their son. In an online experiment, parents in the United States (N = 378) with a son aged 13-16 were asked how many of 30 sex-related topics they had discussed with their son after exposure to one of the two SNA messages or a control. A 30-day follow-up study repeated these questions. The experiment revealed no significant differences between the three conditions, but all three conditions resulted in greater intentions to discuss more topics with their son in the future. Regardless of condition, parents who identify their sons as gay or bisexual talked about more sex-related topics than parents of sons who identify their sons as straight. The results from this study suggest that social norms messages are not more effective at increasing parents' communication intentions. Parents in all conditions planned to discuss more sex-related topics with their son, suggesting that simply bringing these topics to parents' attention may be enough to increase intentions to have these conversations. Findings are discussed in light of motivating and equipping parents to handle these conversations and tailoring educational materials for parents based on their child's sexual and romantic orientation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Pariera
- Department of Organizational Sciences and Communication, The George Washington University
| | - Evan Brody
- Department of Communication, University of Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Forbush A, Wikle JS. Parenting Practices during Childhood and Later Adolescent Sexual Outcomes. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:1340-1356. [PMID: 36995522 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Limited empirical evidence exists regarding longitudinal connections between parenting during childhood and adolescents' sexual development. Using structural equation mediation modeling, this study examined how mothers' parenting practices during childhood (ages 8 to 11) directly related to adolescent sexual outcomes (ages 12 to 16) and whether relationships were mediated by parenting practices persisting over time. Two waves of data were used from a large longitudinal national sample including 687 mother-adolescent pairs (Mage = 10.02, SD = 1.15, 50% female, 64% White) in 2002 and 2007. For boys, mothers' knowledge of whereabouts and warmth during childhood had negative direct connections to later frequency of intercourse. However, no parallel connections were found for girls. For both boys and girls, mothers' warmth during childhood was associated with an increased likelihood of sexual debut in adolescence. The findings highlight that parenting practices during childhood directly and indirectly (through parenting trajectories) shape sexual development of children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Forbush
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| | - Jocelyn S Wikle
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barnett AP, Brown LK, Crosby R, Craker L, Washington R, Burns PA, Mena LA. Family-Related Factors and HIV-Related Outcomes Among Black Young Men Who Have Sex with Men in Mississippi. AIDS Behav 2022; 27:1548-1563. [PMID: 36318432 PMCID: PMC9628553 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Given their disproportionate HIV incidence, there is a critical need to identify factors related to HIV risk among Black young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in the southeastern United States. This study investigated the association of family factors and HIV-related outcomes among Black YMSM in Mississippi ages 14-20 (n = 72). Multivariable regression models evaluated associations of family factors and outcomes. Greater parent/child communication about sex was associated with fewer lifetime male sex partners and lower odds of lifetime anal sex. Greater parental monitoring was associated with greater likelihood of future condom use. Sexual orientation disclosure was associated with more lifetime male sex partners. Parental monitoring and parent/child communication about sex were protective, suggesting that family-based interventions are promising for HIV prevention among Black YMSM in Mississippi. Results also indicated that YMSM who are "out" to family are important to reach, and families could be useful in encouraging healthy behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Barnett
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin Street, Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903 USA ,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Larry K. Brown
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin Street, Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903 USA ,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Richard Crosby
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Lacey Craker
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin Street, Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903 USA ,Present Address: Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Rodney Washington
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
| | - Paul A. Burns
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
| | - Leandro A. Mena
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA ,Present Address: Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shangase N, Edwards J, Pence B, Aiello A, Hussong A, Gómez-Olivé X, Kahn K, Stoner M, Pettifor A. Effect of Quality of Caregiver-Adolescent Relationship on Sexual Debut, Transactional Sex, and on Age-Disparate Relationships Among Young Women in Rural South Africa Enrolled in HPTN 068. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 89:366-373. [PMID: 35202045 PMCID: PMC8887792 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) remain burdened by the HIV epidemic. Positive caregiver-child relationships are associated with safe sexual behaviors in young people; yet, this literature often highlights the role of parent-child communication and parental monitoring, neglecting the importance of emotional relationships between a caregiver and adolescent. SETTING We used longitudinal data from HIV Prevention Trial Network 068-conducted among 2533 AGYW (13-20 years) over a period of 5 years in Agincourt, South Africa. METHOD Kaplan-Meier and Cox models were used to estimate the effect of quality of caregiver-adolescent relationships (caring and closeness) on sexual debut, and log-binomial models with generalized estimating equations were used to examine the relationship between our exposures and transactional sex and age-disparate relationships. RESULTS Sexual debut was delayed among those who reported high levels of caregiver caring [hazard ratio: 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69 to 0.93] and caregiver closeness (hazard ratio: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.95). AGYW who reported high quality caregiver-adolescent relationships had a lower risk of transactional sex [caring: risk ratio (RR): 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.78; closeness: RR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.67]. Similarly, those with high-quality caregiver-adolescent relationships were less likely to be in an age-disparate relationship (caring: RR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.79; closeness: RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.90). CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate high-quality caregiver-adolescent relationships are associated with delayed sexual debut, a lower risk of transactional sex, and having an older partner. Family-centered interventions are needed to improve relationships between AGYW and caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nosipho Shangase
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jess Edwards
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Brian Pence
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Allison Aiello
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andrea Hussong
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Xavier Gómez-Olivé
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kathleen Kahn
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marie Stoner
- Women’s Global Health Imperative, RTI International, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Audrey Pettifor
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hong JS, Valido A, Espelage DL, Lee SJ, deLara EW, Lee JM. Adolescent bullying victimization and psychosomatic symptoms: Can relationship quality with fathers buffer this association? J Affect Disord 2021; 295:1387-1397. [PMID: 34620489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored racial/ethnic and sex differences in fathers' awareness and perceived ease of communication with fathers and how they are related to adolescent bullying victimization and psychosomatic symptoms. Data were drawn from the 2009 to 2010 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study in the United States. The sample consists of 5,121 White, 1,497 African American, and 1,850 Hispanic adolescents in grades 5 to 10. For all three racial and ethnic groups, bullying victimization was positively associated with psychosomatic symptoms. A higher level of the child's perception of their father's awareness was found to be positively associated with lower levels of bullying victimization for White and Hispanic adolescents. African American, White, and Hispanic adolescents who perceived their fathers as easy to communicate with had a lower risk of bullying victimization. The child's perception of their father's awareness buffered the positive association between bullying victimization and psychosomatic symptoms for Hispanic adolescents. A higher child's perception of their father's awareness was related to lower bullying victimization for adolescents of both sexes. The child's perception of their father's awareness and their perceived ease of communication with their father were found to be associated with a decreased risk of psychosomatic symptoms for both sexes. Overall, the results support the importance of relationship quality with fathers as a protective factor against bullying victimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- Wayne State University, School of Social Work, Detroit, MI USA.
| | - Alberto Valido
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Education, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Dorothy L Espelage
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Education, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Shawna J Lee
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Ellen W deLara
- Syracuse University, Falk School of Social Work, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - Jeoung Min Lee
- Wichita State University, School of Social Work, Wichita, KS USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kaestle CE, Allen KR, Wesche R, Grafsky EL. Adolescent Sexual Development: A Family Perspective. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2021; 58:874-890. [PMID: 34003063 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1924605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent sexual development is informed by individual, relational, generational, institutional, and cultural perspectives. Families matter: they are the social institution at the intersection of adolescent development and broader social systems, charged with the responsibility for rearing children and adolescents to adulthood. This narrative review maps insights from family theory and research onto adolescent sexual development research. Our purpose is to inform sexuality researchers from diverse fields about how family perspectives can enrich understanding of adolescent sexual development. We present the critical, intersectional theoretical framework guiding this review as consisting of three meta-themes for understanding families through an examination of family structure, process, and context. Then, we apply those meta-themes to current research on adolescent sexual development by selectively organizing our review around the contexts of family structural diversity and family relational complexity, demonstrating that both the structure and the process components are embedded within the intersectional and cultural contexts that shape and are shaped by families. Our review demonstrates that diverse, intersectional family structures and transitions may affect adolescent sexual development by influencing family processes, particularly around sexual communication. We conclude with implications of using family perspectives for future inquiry related to adolescent sexual development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rose Wesche
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Tech
| | - Erika L Grafsky
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Tech
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee GY, Lee DY. Structural relationships among adolescents' peer attachment, career-related self-efficacy, parents' attitudes and health risk behaviours. Nurs Open 2021; 8:3315-3324. [PMID: 34423567 PMCID: PMC8510758 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to determine whether the peer attachment of adolescents, mediated by career‐related self‐efficacy and having parents with positive attitudes, influences health risk behaviours. Design A cross‐sectional questionnaire survey. Methods This study adopted the secondary data analysis method, using the 2010 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). The 7th‐wave panel data of 1,932 first graders in high schools were analysed using structural equation modelling. Results The final model provided a good fit for the data. Having a close relationship with peers had a direct effect on adolescents’ health risk behaviours. High peer attachment also had an indirect effect on health risk behaviours, mediated by career‐related self‐efficacy and having parents with positive attitudes. Though adolescents with broad and intimate peer relationships may be exposed to more temptations towards health risk behaviours and tend to make riskier decisions, these influences are reduced by being exposed to positive parenting attitudes and having clear, conscious career goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Young Lee
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Ye Lee
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Boyd DT, Quinn CR, Waller B, Aquino G. Family Matters: The Support of Parents to Change Black Male's Attitudes Towards HIV. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2021; 42:1787-1804. [PMID: 36505510 PMCID: PMC9731171 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x20957044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the associations between family (mother and father support), peers, and individual factors (self-efficacy) and how these relationships influence HIV attitudes among African American males 12 to 19 years of age, with an average age of 16 years. For this study, we used restricted data obtained from Wave I of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (ADD Health). Descriptive statistics suggest that most of the sample had negative attitudes towards HIV. Bivariate regression analysis followed by a linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors that were associated with HIV attitudes. Major findings from regression analysis indicate that mother support, father support, self-efficacy, and age, predicted HIV attitudes. Mother support positively predicted positive HIV attitudes and surprisingly, father support negatively predicted HIV attitudes. Our findings can be used to better inform HIV prevention and intervention programs to help Black males stay healthy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Cederbaum JA, Kim S, Zhang J, Jemmott JB, Jemmott LS. Effect of a church-based intervention on abstinence communication among African-American caregiver-child dyads: the role of gender of caregiver and child. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2021; 36:224-238. [PMID: 33638647 PMCID: PMC8041458 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Parent-child sexual-health communication is critical. Religious involvement is important in many African-American families, but can be a barrier to sexual-health communication. We tested a theory-based, culturally tailored intervention to increase sexual-abstinence communication among church-attending African-American parent-child dyads. In a randomized controlled trial, 613 parent-child dyads were randomly assigned to one of three 3-session interventions: (i) faith-based abstinence-only; (ii) non-faith-based abstinence-only; or (iii) attention-matched health-promotion control. Data were collected pre- and post-intervention, and 3-, 6-, 12- and 18-months post-intervention. Generalized-estimating-equations Poisson-regression models revealed no differences in communication by intervention arm. However, three-way condition � sex-of-child � sex-of-parent interactions on children's reports of parent-child communication about puberty [IRR=0.065, 95% CI: (0.010, 0.414)], menstruation or wet dreams [IRR=0.103, 95% CI: (0.013, 0.825)] and dating [IRR=0.102, 95% CI: (0.016, 0.668)] indicated that the non-faith-based abstinence intervention's effect on increasing communication was greater with daughters than with sons, when the parent was the father. This study highlights the importance of considering parent and child gender in the efficacy of parent-child interventions and the need to tailor interventions to increase fathers' comfort with communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Cederbaum
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W. 34th Street, MRF 222, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Soojong Kim
- Annenberg School of Communication, 3901 Walnut Street, Suite 500, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- University of California, Davis, Department of Communication. One Shields Ave. Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John B Jemmott
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine and Annenberg School of Communication, 3901 Walnut Street, Suite 500, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Loretta S Jemmott
- Drexel University, College of Nursing and Health Professions, 1601 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fix RL, Assini-Meytin LC, Harris AJ, Letourneau EJ. Caregivers' Perceptions and Responses to a New Norm: The Missing Link in Addressing Adolescent Sexting Behaviors in the U.S. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:575-588. [PMID: 32337659 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Youth sharing of self- or peer-produced sexual content via electronic communications, dubbed by the media as "sexting" (i.e., sexting behaviors), has generated concern among a wide variety of adult stakeholders in the U.S. Experts recognize the need to integrate perspectives and knowledge about adolescents' sexting behaviors from individuals who interact with adolescents (e.g., their caregivers) to inform the development of prevention policy and practice. The present study fills this gap by interviewing 10 separate groups of caregivers in three different states, with the sole focus on adolescent sexting behaviors. Results indicated seven themes: (1) characteristics of adolescent sexting behaviors, (2) influences on sexting behaviors, (3) communication about sexting behaviors, (4) gender and sexting behaviors, (5) sociohistorical conditions and sexting behaviors, (6) consequences of sexting behaviors, and (7) ways to address sexting behaviors; multiple themes emerged within each of the seven parent codes. Findings inform the need to integrate adolescent sexting behaviors into comprehensive sexual education curricula and to develop educational content on adolescent sexting behaviors for adolescents and caregivers in online and printable handout formats. Clearly defining sexting and norms around sexting are of particular importance in such educational materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Fix
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 415 N. Washington Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
| | - Luciana C Assini-Meytin
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 415 N. Washington Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Andrew J Harris
- School of Criminology and Justice Studies, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Letourneau
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 415 N. Washington Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Padilla-Walker LM, Rogers AA, McLean RD. Is There More Than One Way to Talk About Sex? A Longitudinal Growth Mixture Model of Parent-Adolescent Sex Communication. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:851-858. [PMID: 32636139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parents can be effective and consistent sex educators of their children, but research suggests that most parents only engage in a one-time talk about sex with their children. That being said, we know little about the potential variability in trajectories of parent-child sex communication over time. Thus, the present study took a person-centered approach to parent-child sex communication about sexual risk and explored predictors and outcomes of varying trajectories. METHODS Participants included 468 adolescents and their parents who took part in a longitudinal study every year from ages 14-18 years (52% female, 67% white, and 33% single parents). RESULTS Growth mixture modeling suggested four different trajectories of parent-child sex communication using child reports and two different trajectories using mother and father reports, with the majority of parents displaying low and stable levels of communication over time. Predictors and outcomes suggested that varying trajectories were in part a function of child behaviors (i.e., early sexual debut and externalizing behaviors), and mothers who reported trajectories of moderate-stable levels of communication had children who reported safer sex practices at age 21 years. CONCLUSIONS The discussion focused on the benefits of longitudinal, person-centered approaches at identifying variability in parenting and the implications of findings for those concerned about the need for parental education on the importance of sex communication across adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam A Rogers
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Ryan D McLean
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Brown C, Eisenberg ME, McMorris BJ, Sieving RE. Parents Matter: Associations Between Parent Connectedness and Sexual Health Indicators Among Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents. PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2020; 52:265-273. [PMID: 33410250 DOI: 10.1363/psrh.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Transgender and gender-diverse youth experience significant health disparities across numerous domains of health, including sexual health. Among general populations, parent connectedness has been strongly associated with youth sexual health. METHODS The relationships between parent connectedness and sexual health indicators were investigated among 2,168 transgender and gender-diverse youth who participated in the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey, a statewide population-based survey of ninth- and 11th-grade students. Multivariate logistic regression models, stratified by sex assigned at birth, tested associations between parent connectedness-youth's perceptions of parent caring and parent-youth communication-and eight sexual health indicators: ever having had sex, having multiple sexual partners in the past year, pregnancy involvement, substance use at last sex, partner communication about STI prevention, partner communication about pregnancy prevention, condom use at last sex and pregnancy prevention methods at last sex. RESULTS The level of parent connectedness was inversely associated with ever having had sex, regardless of sex assigned at birth (odds ratios, 0.6-0.8). Although level of connectedness was inversely associated with having multiple sexual partners in the past year and pregnancy involvement among transgender and gender-diverse youth assigned male at birth (0.6-0.7), these relationships were nonsignificant among transgender and gender-diverse youth assigned female at birth. Further differences in associations between parent connectedness and four sexual risk-reduction behaviors were found between youth assigned male at birth and those assigned female. CONCLUSIONS As with other populations, parent connectedness promotes sexual health among transgender and gender-diverse youth and may provide a point of intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Brown
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Marla E Eisenberg
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Padilla-Walker LM, McLean R, Ogles B, Pollard B. How Do Parents Teach "No Means No"? An Exploration of How Sexual Consent Beliefs Are Socialized During Adolescence. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2020; 57:1122-1133. [PMID: 32723188 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1792397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Research on sexual consent has increased in recent years, but we know almost nothing about how beliefs about consent are socialized during adolescence, which likely has important implications for behaviors related to obtaining sexual consent. The current study explored the frequency of parent-adolescent consent communication, as well as demographic, adolescent, and parent predictors of adolescents' beliefs about the importance of consent and the frequency of parent-adolescent consent communication. Two national samples were used, one consisting of 2,044 adolescents, ages 13 to 18 (M age = 16.19, SD = 1.71; 50% female), and a second sample of 2,081 nonrelated individuals, ages 28 to 81, who were parents of teens ages 13-18 (M age = 15.25, SD = 1.56). Findings suggested that parents did not talk about sexual consent any more than they did about other sexual topics (e.g., reproduction). We also found that maternal warmth was positively associated with adolescents' importance of consent beliefs and that adolescents' uninhibited temperament and parents' self-efficacy and sexual beliefs were associated with parent-adolescent consent communication. The discussion focuses on the need to educate parents so they feel more confident talking to adolescents about the importance of giving and receiving sexual consent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan McLean
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nyewe PK. Sexual knowledge and beliefs of IsiXhosa-speaking adolescents: An exploratory study. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2020.1796028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Khwezi Nyewe
- Further Education & Training, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sato A, Honda K, Ono K, Kanda R, Hayashi TI, Takeda Y, Takebayashi Y, Kobayashi T, Murakami M. Reviews on common objectives and evaluation indicators for risk communication activities from 2011 to 2017. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9730. [PMID: 32904404 PMCID: PMC7453920 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk communication is widely accepted as a significant factor for policy makers, academic researchers, and practitioners in diverse fields. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive knowledge about how risk communication is currently conducted across fields and about the way risk communication is evaluated. METHODOLOGY This study systematically searched for materials from three scholarly search engines and one journal with a single search term of "risk communication." The eligibility assessment selected peer-reviewed articles published in English that evaluated risk communication activities. Emphasis was placed on articles published in recent years accounting for about half of the pre-selected ones. Data on field of study, intervention timing, target audience, communication type, and objectives/evaluation indicators was extracted from the articles. Patterns of objectives/evaluation indicators used in risk communication activities were compared with those of the definitions and purposes of risk communication stated by relevant organizations. Association analysis was conducted based on study fields and objectives/evaluation indicators. RESULTS The screening process yielded 292 articles that were published between 2011 and 2017 in various fields, such as medicine, food safety, chemical substances, and disasters/emergencies. The review process showed that many activities were performed in the medical field, during non-/pre-crisis periods. Recent activities primarily targeted citizens/Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs), and was disseminated in the form of large group or mass communication. While "knowledge increase," "change in risk perception and concern alleviation," and "decision making and behavior change" were commonly addressed in practice, "trust-building" and "reduction in psychological distress" were rarely focused. The analysis also indicated that the medical field tends to perform risk communication at the individual or small group level, in contrast to the food safety field. Further, risk communications in the non-/pre-crisis period are more likely to aim at "changes in risk perception and concern alleviation" than those in the crisis period. Risk communications that aim at "changes in risk perception and concern alleviation" are likely to be presented in a large group or mass communication, whereas those that aim at "decision making and behavior change" are likely to be conducted at the individual or small group level. CONCLUSION An overview of recent activities may provide those who engage in risk communication with an opportunity to learn from practices in different fields or those conducted in different intervention timings. Devoting greater attention to trust building and reduction in psychological distress and exploring non-citizen/NPO stakeholders' needs would be beneficial across academic and professional disciplines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sato
- Department of Health Risk Communication, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kaori Honda
- Department of Health Risk Communication, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ono
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Reiko Kanda
- Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takehiko I. Hayashi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Takeda
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Takebayashi
- Department of Health Risk Communication, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Health Risk Communication, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Murakami
- Department of Health Risk Communication, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Banks DE, Hensel DJ, Zapolski TCB. Integrating Individual and Contextual Factors to Explain Disparities in HIV/STI Among Heterosexual African American Youth: A Contemporary Literature Review and Social Ecological Model. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 49:1939-1964. [PMID: 32157486 PMCID: PMC7321914 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Heterosexual African American youth face substantial disparities in sexual health consequences such as HIV and STI. Based on the social ecological framework, the current paper provides a comprehensive, narrative review of the past 14 years of literature examining HIV/STI risk, including risky sexual behavior, among heterosexual African American youth and a conceptual model of risk among this population. The review found that individual psychological and biological factors are insufficient to explain the sexual health disparities faced by this group; instead, structural disadvantage, interpersonal risk, and community dysfunction contribute to the disparity in HIV/STI outcomes directly and indirectly through individual psychological factors. The conceptual model presented suggests that for African American youth, (1) HIV/STI risk commonly begins at the structural level and trickles down to the community, social, and individual levels, (2) risk works in a positive feedback system such that downstream effects compound the influence of structural risks, and (3) contextual and individual risk factors must be considered within the advanced stage of the epidemic facing this population. Despite advanced HIV and STI epidemics among heterosexual African American youth, multisystemic interventions that target structural risk factors and their downstream effects are posited to reduce the disparity among this high-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devin E Banks
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University-Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Devon J Hensel
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tamika C B Zapolski
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University-Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Quinn DA, Lewin A. Family factors associated with emerging adults' human papillomavirus vaccine behavior. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:528-535. [PMID: 30908148 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1583240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The current study examined the role of family influences on the vaccine behavior of emerging adults. Participants: In Spring 2017, we conducted anonymous online surveys of undergraduate students (n = 608) at a large, public university in the mid-Atlantic. Methods: Logistic regression was used to examine associations between family factors and students' awareness of the HPV vaccine, vaccine receipt, and vaccine intentions. Family factors included sex communication, religiosity, parental monitoring, family structure, and parents' birthplace. Results: More comprehensive family sex communication is associated with less uncertainty regarding HPV vaccine receipt and greater likelihood of being already vaccinated. More frequent family religiosity and more parental monitoring are associated with greater likelihood of having decided against vaccination rather than already being vaccinated. Significant gender and racial disparities exist. Conclusion: Further research, policy, and programmatic intervention are needed to reduce disparities and to improve emerging adults' compliance with HPV vaccine recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre A Quinn
- Center for Health Equity Research & Promotion (CHERP), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy Lewin
- Department of Family Science, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Anastario M, FireMoon P, Ricker A, Holder S, Rink E. Self-reported Exposure to Sexual and Reproductive Health Information among American Indian Youth: Implications for Technology Based Intervention. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 25:412-420. [PMID: 32584646 PMCID: PMC8018870 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2020.1777599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While technology-based interventions show promise in certain populations of American youth, the technology may intrinsically widen intergenerational communication chasms associated with youth's increased access to Smartphone technologies. The authors examined self-reported exposure to sexual and reproductive health information and evaluated its relationship with sexual risk behaviors with American Indian youth. Approximately 296 students, ages of 15-18 years old, were surveyed to examine self-reported exposure and attitudes to information received about sexual intercourse, reproduction, and social media use in relation to sexual risk behaviors. Results indicate that information received regarding sexual intercourse and birth control from intra-familial network members was associated with more engagement in sex, and that increased social media use to talk or learn about sex was associated with not using a condom at the last sexual encounter. We advise that researchers and programmers considering technology-based interventions with AI communities carefully consider the gravity of investing preventive resources into technology-based interventions that may further deepen communication gaps that youth experience within their community networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shannon Holder
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rink
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chernick LS, Siden JY, Bell DL, Dayan PS. A Qualitative Assessment to Understand the Barriers and Enablers Affecting Contraceptive Use Among Adolescent Male Emergency Department Patients. Am J Mens Health 2020; 13:1557988319825919. [PMID: 30819063 PMCID: PMC6440070 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319825919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early fatherhood is common in the United States (U.S.). The emergency department (ED) plays a disproportionate role in serving patients with unmet reproductive and sexual health needs. With 8 million adolescent males visiting U.S. EDs annually, the ED is a potential site to implement interventions to minimize early fatherhood and unintended teenage pregnancy. Little is known about how adolescent male ED patients perceive and behave in sexual relationships and how they influence contraceptive decision making. The objective of this study was to identify the barriers and enablers affecting contraceptive and condom use among adolescent male ED patients. Semistructured interviews were conducted with males aged 14–19 in one urban ED. Enrollment continued until saturation of key themes. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded based on thematic analysis using NVivo 10. The Social Ecological Model was used to organize and understand themes. Participants (n = 24) were predominantly 18–19 years (63%) and Hispanic (92%). Most (71%) had sex ≤3 months prior but infrequently used a condom at last intercourse (42%). The primary barrier influencing contraceptive use was lack of knowledge of effective contraceptives. Other barriers consisted of perceived gender roles, poor partner communication, and little relationship with a primary provider. Enablers included intention not to get a partner pregnant, school-based sexual health education, normalcy to use condoms, and a trustworthy confidante. The identified barriers and enablers influencing adolescent males’ perspectives toward contraceptives should be addressed if designing future ED-based pregnancy prevention interventions targeting teen males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Chernick
- 1 Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Y Siden
- 1 Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David L Bell
- 2 Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,3 Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter S Dayan
- 1 Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Babayanzad Ahari S, Behboodi Moghadam Z, Azin SA, Maasoumi R. Concerns and educational needs of Iranian parents regarding the sexual health of their male adolescents: a qualitative study. Reprod Health 2020; 17:24. [PMID: 32059730 PMCID: PMC7023711 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-020-0883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents play an important role in promoting the sexual health of their adolescents. However, many parents experience several challenges. The purpose of this study was to explore the concerns and educational needs of Iranian parents regarding the sexual health of their male adolescents. METHODS This qualitative study was designed based on the conventional content analysis approach. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 parents of male adolescents aged 12-18 years. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were collected through purposeful sampling and continued until data saturation. Finally, the Graneheim and Landman strategies were used to analyze data. RESULTS According to the participants' comments, four main categories were extracted as follows: fear of emotional and sexual harms, quality of parent-child relationships, effect of media and cyberspace, and necessity of sexuality health education. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlighted the need for sexuality health education through cooperation with schools for offering appropriate education to the students, parents, and school staffs. The results showed that parents required training to enhance their knowledge and skills to improve their communication with their adolescents about sexuality issues. Therefore, it is necessary to design, implement, and evaluate culture-appropriate educational programs to address the parents' concerns regarding adolescents' sexual health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Babayanzad Ahari
- Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Behboodi Moghadam
- Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Azin
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Maasoumi
- Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ankomah S, Jahanfar S, Inungu J. A study of sexual health information among Central Michigan University students. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
26
|
Tryphina Skosana M, Doriccah Peu M, Shirley Mogale R. Disconnections and exclusions of parents in the prevention of teenage pregnancy: A phenomenological approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
27
|
Eaton AA, Stephens DP. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Examine Beliefs About Verbal Sexual Coercion Among Urban Black Adolescents. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:2056-2086. [PMID: 27436090 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516659653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study used the theory of planned behavior to identify urban Black adolescents' beliefs about male-to-female verbal sexual coercion. Interviews were conducted with 91 urban, Black adolescents (53 boys and 38 girls) to identify their behavioral, normative, and control beliefs about verbal sexual coercion perpetration (for males) and resistance (for females). Boys reported that perpetrating verbal sexual coercion could result in negative relationship outcomes, and the main benefit of using this tactic was to obtain sex. Unsupportive peers and some male family members were seen as encouraging boys to use verbal sexual coercion, whereas parents were seen as opposed to the use of coercion. Being in a private context with a girl and having persuasive skill were seen as facilitating the use of coercion, whereas being with an experienced or skilled girl was a barrier. For girls, positive relationship outcomes and sexual health risks were the benefits and pitfalls of resisting verbal sexual coercion. "Real" friends and family were described as supporting girls' resistance to coercion, while "fake" friends, promiscuous girls, and male peers were seen as not supporting resistance. Girls believed being in a safe, public context would make it easier to resist coercion, while being in a stable relationship with an attractive and persistent partner would make it more difficult to resist. Knowing urban, Black adolescents' beliefs about verbal sexual coercion is the first step toward predicting and intervening on their perpetration and resistance behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asia A Eaton
- 1 Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Harper GW, Motley DN, Timmons Tyler A, Tyler DH, Catania JA, Dolcini MM. "You've Gotta be Careful": Familial Messages Regarding Sexual Behavior and Sexual Relationships among African American Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071146. [PMID: 30935043 PMCID: PMC6479837 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the sexual behaviors of African American youth has primarily focused on associated risks, with a dearth of studies examining a fuller representation of African American adolescents' sexual lives. This study explored the range of messages African American adolescents receive from family members regarding sexual behavior and sexual relationships. METHODS Participants were 52 sexually experienced African American youth (male = 32, female = 20) between the ages of 15 and 17 recruited from community-based organizations in the United States. Youth participated in individual in-depth qualitative interviews, and data were analyzed using a phenomenological framework. RESULTS Participants received a variety of messages about sexual behavior and sexual relationships from a range of family members including parents, siblings, grandmothers, aunts/uncles, and cousins. Types of messages clustered into three domains: sexual decision-making, quantity and quality of sexual activity, and sexual health promotion; with themes and sub-themes emerging within each area. CONCLUSION Gender differences in the types of messages received are explored, and applications of the findings to the development of family-involved community interventions that promote sexual and reproductive health are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary W Harper
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Darnell N Motley
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - April Timmons Tyler
- Michael Reese Research and Education Foundation Care Program at Mercy Hospital, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
| | | | - Joseph A Catania
- Hallie Ford Center for Healthy Children and Families, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - M Margaret Dolcini
- Hallie Ford Center for Healthy Children and Families, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Grossman JM, Lynch AD, Richer AM, DeSouza LM, Ceder I. Extended-Family Talk about Sex and Teen Sexual Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E480. [PMID: 30736363 PMCID: PMC6388179 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research shows that family communication about sexuality can protect against teens' risky sexual behavior. However, few studies assess talk with extended family about sex or how this communication relates to teens' sexual behavior. The current study includes cross-sectional survey data from 952 adolescents. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to assess associations between teens' sexual risk behaviors and communication with extended family about protection methods, risks of sex and relational approaches to sex, defined as talk about sex within a close relationship. For sexually active teens, talk about protection methods was associated with fewer sexual partners and talk about risks of sex was associated with more sexual partners regardless of teen gender and the generation of extended family with whom teens talk. Results suggest that extended-family talk about sex may influence teens' sexual behavior independent of effects of teen⁻parent communication. However, the direction of the effect depends on the content of the conversations. These findings suggest the need to explore whether and how extended family could be included in health prevention and intervention programs, because programs which include family largely focus on parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia D Lynch
- Lynch Research Associates, 1 South Avenue, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
| | - Amanda M Richer
- Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA.
| | | | - Ineke Ceder
- Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Harris AL, Fantasia HC, Castle CE. Father 2 Son: The Impact of African American Father-Son Sexual Communication on African American Adolescent Sons' Sexual Behaviors. Am J Mens Health 2019; 13:1557988318804725. [PMID: 30311826 PMCID: PMC6771128 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318804725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parent-child sexual communication has been associated with reducing adolescent sexual risk behaviors. Limited research on parent-child sexual communication has been conducted on African American (AA) adolescent males who are at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this research was to examine AA father-son sexual communication and the effect of contextual factors on the sexual risk behaviors. The final sample consisted of 96 AA adolescent males, ages 16-21 years. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the variables of interest (neighborhood characteristics, father-son closeness and connectedness, father-son communication, sexual permissiveness, condom attitudes, sexual risk behaviors). A path model was developed and tested. Results demonstrated that AA father-son closeness and connectedness were related to father-son communication. AA father-son communication was negatively related to sons' permissiveness and positively related to condom attitudes. Sons' permissiveness positively predicted their sexual risk behaviors. AA sons' condom attitudes did not negatively or positively predict their sexual risk behaviors. The findings from this study demonstrate that AA father-son communication is an important factor in decreasing AA adolescent males' sexual risk behaviors and HIV risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allyssa L. Harris
- William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Heidi Collins Fantasia
- Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, Susan and Alan Solomont School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Courtney E. Castle
- Educational, Research, Measurement, and Evaluation, Lynch School of Education, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Noe MTN, Saw YM, Soe PP, Khaing M, Saw TN, Hamajima N, Win HH. Barriers between mothers and their adolescent daughters with regards to sexual and reproductive health communication in Taunggyi Township, Myanmar: What factors play important roles? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208849. [PMID: 30562393 PMCID: PMC6298679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents play critical roles in adolescents' sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and discussions between parents and adolescents on this topic are fundamental in reducing adolescents' risky sexual behaviors. However, SRH communication is a challenging issue in Myanmar due to socio-cultural taboos. This study assessed the communication barriers towards SRH issues among mothers and their adolescent girls. METHODS A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2017 in Taunggyi Township, Southern Shan State, Myanmar. In total, 112 pairs of mothers and adolescent daughters were recruited using a face-to-face interview method with semi-structured questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was applied to examine communication barriers on SRH issues between mothers and their adolescent girls. RESULTS More than half of both mother and adolescent girls had negative perceptions of communication on SRH issues. Only 2.7% of girls discussed SRH issues with their mothers more than four times in the last six months. The factors found to create SRH communication barriers were higher family incomes (adjusted odd ration [AOR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0, 6.2), good knowledge of puberty (AOR 4.5, 95% CI 1.6, 12.5), good knowledge of sexual and reproductive health issues (AOR 4.5, 95% CI 1.8, 11.5), and positive perception of communication (AOR 6.7, 95% CI 2.5, 17.9) among mothers, and good knowledge of contraception (AOR 5.7, 95% CI 1.5, 21.4) and good knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (AOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.0, 6.4) among adolescent girls. CONCLUSION Mothers and adolescent girls communicated on SRHs was narrow, occurring infrequently and late, with only limited topics discussed. Having higher levels of SRH knowledge were more likely to create communication barriers among mother and adolescent girls. Policy makers need to consider targeted sexual and reproductive health education programs that can be implemented at the school and community levels to increase parent-adolescent communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May Thet Nu Noe
- Kayah State Public Health Department, Ministry of Health and Sports, Loikaw, Kayah State, the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Yu Mon Saw
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Nagoya University Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Pa Pa Soe
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Moe Khaing
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Thu Nandar Saw
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Myanma Perfect Research, Yangon, the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Nobuyuki Hamajima
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hla Hla Win
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Settheekul S, Fongkaew W, Viseskul N, Boonchieng W, Voss JG. Factors influencing sexual risk behaviors among adolescents: A community-based participatory study. Nurs Health Sci 2018; 21:186-197. [DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joachim G. Voss
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland Ohio USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang J, Cederbaum JA, Jemmott JB, Jemmott LS. Theory-Based Behavioral Intervention Increases Mother-Son Communication About Sexual Risk Reduction Among Inner-City African-Americans. J Adolesc Health 2018; 63:497-502. [PMID: 30146434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE African-American adolescent males are at increased risk for HIV, yet there are few sexual risk-reduction interventions targeting this population. Interventions that include mothers can influence parentingbehaviors and in turn, reduce risky behaviors in adolescents. This study tests the efficacy of the Mother-Son Health Promotion Project at increasing mother-son communication about sexual risk reduction. METHODS African-American mothers with their sons (ages 10-15 years) residing in public housing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania were randomized into a HIV/sexually transmitted infections risk-reduction intervention consisting of 16 1-hour modules or an attention-matched health-promotion control intervention.Mothers and sons completed surveys pre-intervention, immediately postintervention, and at 3-, 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-months postintervention. RESULTS Of 525 mother-son dyads, 366 (69.7%) completed the 24-months postintervention follow-up survey. Generalized-estimating-equations models using both mothers' and sons' reports revealed that over 24 months, mothers and sons in the HIV/sexually transmitted infections risk-reduction intervention were more likely to communicate about sexual health, including sexual intercourse, birth control, HIV/AIDS prevention, and condoms. Intervention efficacy was found to weaken over time. CONCLUSIONS This culturally grounded, theory-based intervention was efficacious in increasing mother-son communication about sexual risk reduction. The work highlights the value of the intervention toincrease parental protective factors, including communication by mothers, to decrease HIV risk behaviors of African-American adolescent males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.
| | - Julie A Cederbaum
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Department of Children, Youth, & Families, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - John B Jemmott
- School of Medicine and Annenberg School of Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Loretta Sweet Jemmott
- College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ramchandani K, Morrison P, Gold MA, Akers AY. Messages About Abstinence, Delaying Sexual Debut and Sexual Decision-Making in Conversations Between Mothers and Young Adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2018; 31:107-115. [PMID: 29097292 PMCID: PMC5866200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Little is known about the information shared during family discussions about sexuality. From a public health perspective, abstinence is one of the most important sexuality topics parents can talk about with adolescents. We sought to characterize the messages mothers communicate to young adolescents regarding abstinence. DESIGN Content analysis of dyadic discussions that occurred between June 2011-December 2012 between mothers and their 10- to 14-year-old adolescent sons and daughters. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and a grounded theory approach to content analysis performed. SETTING Urban city in Western Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-one dyads; 15 mother-daughter dyads and 6 mother-son dyads. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES None. RESULTS Four key themes emerged reflecting the high priority mothers placed on abstinence, delaying their adolescent's sexual debut, and nurturing sexual decision-making skills. Theme 1 focused on ensuring that adolescents understand what abstinence means. In defining abstinence, only 1 mother explained what sex is. The 3 remaining themes emphasized sexual decision-making and emphasized when it is acceptable to stop being abstinent (theme 2), why abstinence is important (theme 3), and mothers' desire to engage in ongoing discussions, particularly when an adolescent was considering becoming sexually active (theme 4). Messages did not vary according to mothers' age or according to adolescent age, gender, or race. CONCLUSION Mothers convey complex information about abstinence and sexual decision-making to young, non-sexually active adolescents. Message tailoring on the basis of the adolescents' age or sex was not observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Ramchandani
- PolicyLab, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Penelope Morrison
- Department of Health and Human Development, Penn State New Kensington, New Kensington, Pennsylvania
| | - Melanie A Gold
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; School Based Health Centers, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Center for Community Health and Education, New York, New York
| | - Aletha Y Akers
- PolicyLab, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Adolescent Gynecology Consultative Services, Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Pediatrics, Craig Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shepherd LM, Sly KF, Girard JM. Comparison of comprehensive and abstinence-only sexuality education in young African American adolescents. J Adolesc 2017; 61:50-63. [PMID: 28963952 PMCID: PMC5690810 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of sexual behavior and condom use in African American adolescents, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive sexuality and abstinence-only education to reduce adolescent sexual behavior and increase condom use. Participants included 450 adolescents aged 12-14 years in the southern United States. Regression analyses showed favorable attitudes toward sexual behavior and social norms significantly predicted recent sexual behavior, and favorable attitudes toward condoms significantly predicted condom usage. Self-efficacy was not found to be predictive of adolescents' sexual behavior or condom use. There were no significant differences in recent sexual behavior based on type of sexuality education. Adolescents who received abstinence-only education had reduced favorable attitudes toward condom use, and were more likely to have unprotected sex than the comparison group. Findings suggest that adolescents who receive abstinence-only education are at greater risk of engaging in unprotected sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaye F Sly
- Department of Psychology, Jackson State University, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Girard
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bartlett R, McCoy TP, Kelley A, Beamon ER, Holmes T, Shelton T, Wallace D. Feasibility Testing a Family-Level Intervention to Prevent Risky Sex Behaviors Among Middle School-Age Latinas. J Transcult Nurs 2017; 29:131-138. [PMID: 28826343 DOI: 10.1177/1043659616689289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this article, we report a pilot study that tested the feasibility and initial efficacy of a culturally, linguistically, and developmentally tailored risky sex prevention intervention for middle school-age Latinas and their mothers. DESIGN We used a one-group pre-test, post-test, and 3-month post-intervention follow-up design. Data were collected at three points on aspects of the girls' communication, beliefs, and behaviors. RESULTS Promising results included improvements in girl's self-efficacy regarding condom communication and condom consistent use, and in mother-teen sexual risk communication. There were also trends in demonstration of fewer risky sex behaviors. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that the "Latina-Girls Empowered through Mind and Mission" (L-GEMM) intervention for young Latinas and their mothers is feasible and warrants further testing. IMPLICATIONS Nurses are uniquely positioned to deliver risky sex preventive interventions to young Latinas. Including mothers and tailoring interventions to build on cultural strengths are important for success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bartlett
- 1 University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Thomas P McCoy
- 1 University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Allyson Kelley
- 1 University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Emily R Beamon
- 1 University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Tara Holmes
- 1 University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Terri Shelton
- 1 University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Debra Wallace
- 1 University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Randolph SD, Coakley T, Shears J, Thorpe RJ. African-American Fathers' Perspectives on Facilitators and Barriers to Father-Son Sexual Health Communication. Res Nurs Health 2017; 40:229-236. [PMID: 28220553 PMCID: PMC5444968 DOI: 10.1002/nur.21789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
African-American males ages 13 through 24 are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), accounting for over half of all HIV infections in this age group in the United States. Clear communication between African-American parents and their youth about sexual health is associated with higher rates of sexual abstinence, condom use, and intent to delay initiation of sexual intercourse. However, little is known about African-American fathers' perceptions of what facilitates and inhibits sexual health communication with their preadolescent and adolescent sons. We conducted focus groups with 29 African-American fathers of sons ages 10-15 to explore perceived facilitators and barriers for father-son communication about sexual health. Participants were recruited from barbershops in metropolitan and rural North Carolina communities highly affected by STIs and HIV, and data were analyzed using content analysis. Three factors facilitated father-son communication: (a) fathers' acceptance of their roles and responsibilities; (b) a positive father-son relationship; and (c) fathers' ability to speak directly to their sons about sex. We also identified three barriers: (a) fathers' difficulty in initiating sexual health discussions with their sons; (b) sons' developmental readiness for sexual health information; and (c) fathers' lack of experience in talking with their own fathers about sex. These findings have implications for father-focused prevention interventions aimed at reducing risky sexual behaviors in adolescent African-American males. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Schenita D. Randolph
- School of Nursing, Program for Research on Men’s Health, Duke University, DUMC 3322, 307 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,
| | | | - Jeffrey Shears
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Roland J. Thorpe
- Program for Research on Men’s Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Flores D, Barroso J. 21st Century Parent-Child Sex Communication in the United States: A Process Review. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:532-548. [PMID: 28059568 PMCID: PMC5808426 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1267693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Parent-child sex communication results in the transmission of family expectations, societal values, and role modeling of sexual health risk-reduction strategies. Parent-child sex communication's potential to curb negative sexual health outcomes has sustained a multidisciplinary effort to better understand the process and its impact on the development of healthy sexual attitudes and behaviors among adolescents. This review advances what is known about the process of sex communication in the United States by reviewing studies published from 2003 to 2015. We used the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, SocINDEX, and PubMed, and the key terms "parent child" AND "sex education" for the initial query; we included 116 original articles for analysis. Our review underscores long-established factors that prevent parents from effectively broaching and sustaining talks about sex with their children and has also identified emerging concerns unique to today's parenting landscape. Parental factors salient to sex communication are established long before individuals become parents and are acted upon by influences beyond the home. Child-focused communication factors likewise describe a maturing audience that is far from captive. The identification of both enduring and emerging factors that affect how sex communication occurs will inform subsequent work that will result in more positive sexual health outcomes for adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalmacio Flores
- Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing
| | - Julie Barroso
- Professor and Department Chair at the Medical University of South Carolina College of Nursing
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Risky sexual behavior among adolescents is a major public health concern with potentially long-lasting consequences, including pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and HIV/AIDS. Researchers have demonstrated that parent-adolescent sexual communication can mitigate adolescent risky sexual behaviors; the development of interventions that support this process are vital. This column examines a recent study that evaluated a parent-adolescent sexual communication intervention.
Collapse
|
40
|
Paat YF, Markham CM. Young women's sexual involvement in emerging adulthood. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2016; 55:559-79. [PMID: 27458744 PMCID: PMC5706775 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2016.1199454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using data from the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life Study, this study examined the association of peer, family, attitudinal, aspirational, and attainment factors relevant to 820 young women's (aged 18-19) number of sexual partners. Overall, this study found that perceived peer norms and early onset of sexual initiation had a positive and statistically significant association with the respondents' number of lifetime sexual partners. While high school performance and college aspirations were inversely associated with the number of lifetime partners, their current level of educational attainment was not. Finally, racial disparities in the accrual of partners were contingent upon the respondents' attitude to premarital abstinence and educationally related factors. Understanding risk and protective factors may help public health policy planners and health care professionals formulate a more effective ecologically based approach to mitigate sexual health risks and social repercussion related to dating for young women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yok-Fong Paat
- Department of Social Work, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cordova D, Heinze J, Mistry R, Salas-Wright CP, Zimmerman MA. Ecodevelopmental trajectories of family functioning: Links with HIV/STI risk behaviors and STI among Black adolescents. Dev Psychol 2016; 52:1115-27. [PMID: 27253262 PMCID: PMC4919148 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of family functioning trajectories on sexual risk behaviors and STI in adolescents. A sample of 850 predominantly (80%) Black adolescents from Michigan, United States, was assessed at baseline, 12, 24, and 36 months postbaseline. Adolescents were from working-class families with a mean age of 14.9 years (SD = .64, Range = 13.9 to 16.9) at baseline. Participants completed measures of family functioning at each time point. At 36 months postbaseline, levels of sexual risk behaviors, including sex initiation, unprotected sex, and alcohol or drug use before last sexual intercourse, and STIs were assessed. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) yielded 4-class solutions for family conflict and parent support. Adolescents with high or increasing family conflict trajectories, and low or decreasing family support trajectories, were at relatively greater risk of sexual risk behaviors and STIs. Yet, the additional trajectories differ across outcomes highlighting the complexities of the role of family functioning on sexual risk behaviors and STIs over time. Multiple Group LCGA indicate some findings vary as a function of gender. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin Heinze
- School of Public Health, Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan
| | - Ritesh Mistry
- School of Public Health, Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan
| | | | - Marc A. Zimmerman
- School of Public Health, Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Harris AL. African American Parent-Son Sexual Communication Among a College Sample. J Pediatr Nurs 2016; 31:e199-206. [PMID: 26786909 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To investigate whether reports of parent-child sexual communication (PCSC) varied by parental gender, education and living environments among African American adolescent and young male students attending a historically black university (n=146). DESIGN AND METHODS Using secondary data a paired t-test was used to determine mean differences for PCSC by gender. Factorial ANOVA was calculated to examine the interaction between PCSC and living environment. RESULTS Overall African American mothers were significantly more likely to engage in PCSC with their sons than African American fathers (t(68)=4.143, p<0.001). African American fathers from suburban areas were significantly more likely to engage in PCSC with their sons than urban fathers (t(137)=-2.295, p=0.023). No significant difference in PCSC by parental educational level was found. CONCLUSION Findings from this research suggest that African American mothers continue to be the primary conversant in PCSC with their sons. Additional research is needed to understand the role that living environment (urban vs. suburban) plays in the father PCSC process. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS PCSC can play an important role in reducing adolescent sexual risk behaviors. Nurses should encourage and support PCSC among African American parents and their adolescent and young adult sons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allyssa L Harris
- William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Naidoo S, Taylor M. HIV health literacy, sexual behaviour and self-reports of having tested for HIV among students. AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH 2016. [PMID: 26223327 DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2015.1040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The HIV prevalence among young South African adults makes it important to understand their HIV knowledge, sexual behaviour and HIV counselling and testing (HCT) behaviour in this group. This paper presents the demographics, knowledge, sexual behaviour and cues to action as reported by sexually active students' who had HCT. A cross-sectional study conducted in 10 high schools in the eThekwini and Ugu districts, KwaZulu-Natal, surveyed students' HIV knowledge, sexual behaviour and HCT behaviour. Complete information was available from 1 114 (97.9%) students who participated in the survey. Of these, 378 (33.9%) were sexually active and were included in this analysis. Logistic regression models tested for significant associations between the independent and the dependent variables under study, nesting the students within schools and controlling for age, sex, grade and school location (urban/rural).The median age of students was 17 years (range: 14-23 years) with most being male (n=287; 75.9%). The lifetime median number of sexual partners of students was 3 (range: 1-27). Students who used condoms with their regular partners were more likely to have had counselling for HIV (OR :1.79; 95% CI: 1.06-3.01). Those students who were more likely to have been tested for HIV were female (OR: 44.90; 95% CI: 7.77-259.38), those who had always used a condom with their non-regular partner (OR: 2.75; 95% CI: 1.01-7.47), and those who knew a person who had tested for HIV (OR: 15.28; 95% CI: 5.16-45.23). Targeting students, especially males early in adolescence and reinforcing safe sex behaviour messages through their high school years, can encourage HCT among students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saloshni Naidoo
- a Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sneed CD, Tan HP, Meyer JC. The Influence of Parental Communication and Perception of Peers on Adolescent Sexual Behavior. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2015; 20:888-892. [PMID: 25951343 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1018584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The authors used the theory of planned behavior to examine the influence of parents and peers on early adolescent sexual attitudes, self-efficacy to limit sexual behavior, and behavioral intentions to have vaginal intercourse. Adolescents (N = 212) provided self-reports of their perception of parent and peer attitudes regarding sexual behavior. The authors used bivariate and regression analyses to examine the relation between parent and peer attitudes with adolescent sexual attitudes, self-efficacy to limit sexual behavior, and behavioral intentions to have vaginal intercourse. Although there were gender differences, the analyses revealed the importance of both parents and peers on adolescent sexual attitudes, self-efficacy to limit sexual behavior, and intentions to have vaginal sex in the next year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl D Sneed
- a Department of Psychology , California State University, Dominguez Hills , Carson , California , USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cornelius JB, Xiong PH. Generational differences in the sexual communication process of African American grandparent and parent caregivers of adolescents. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2015; 20:203-9. [PMID: 25944742 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed generational differences in the sexual communication process between 40 African American parent and 40 grandparent caregivers of adolescent children. DESIGN AND METHODS The study reports findings from a secondary analysis of data from two databases. The HIV Risk Reduction Survey was used to examine the sexual communication process. RESULTS Grandparents wanted to talk about sex and had open sexual communications, while parents valued sexual abstinence and had limited communications. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Based on the findings, healthcare providers and programs need to recognize that differences do exist between parents and grandparents with sexual communications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith B Cornelius
- Nursing, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pa H Xiong
- Nursing, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gaioso VP, Villarruel AM, Wilson LA, Azuero A, Childs GD, Davies SL. A Path Analysis of Latino Parental, Teenager and Cultural Variables in Teenagers' Sexual Attitudes, Norms, Self-Efficacy, and Sexual Intentions. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2015; 23:500-11. [PMID: 26312635 PMCID: PMC4547074 DOI: 10.1590/0104-1169.0398.2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to test a theoretical model based on the Parent-Based Expansion of the Theory of Planned Behavior examining relation between selected parental, teenager and cultural variables and Latino teenagers' intentions to engage in sexual behavior. METHOD a cross-sectional correlational design based on a secondary data analysis of 130 Latino parent and teenager dyads. RESULTS regression and path analysis procedures were used to test seven hypotheses and the results demonstrated partial support for the model. Parent familism and knowledge about sex were significantly associated with parents' attitudes toward sexual communication with their teenagers. Parent Latino acculturation was negatively associated with parents' self-efficacy toward sexual communication with their teenagers and positevely associated with parents' subjective norms toward sexual communication with their teenagers. Teenager knowledge about sex was significantly associated with higher levels of teenagers' attitudes and subjective norms about sexual communication with parents. Only the predictor of teenagers' attitudes toward having sex in the next 3 months was significantly associated with teenagers' intentions to have sex in the next 3 months. CONCLUSION the results of this study provide important information to guide future research that can inform development of interventions to prevent risky teenager sexual behavior among Latinos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pirani Gaioso
- PhD, Instructor, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Nursing,
Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Antonia Maria Villarruel
- PhD, Full Professor, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing,
Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lynda Anne Wilson
- PhD, Full Professor, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of
Nursing, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andres Azuero
- PhD, Associate Professor, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of
Nursing, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gwendolyn Denice Childs
- PhD, Assistant Professor, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of
Nursing, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Susan Lane Davies
- PhD, Associate Professor, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of
Public Health, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gross TT, Laz TH, Rahman M, Berenson AB. Association between mother-child sexual communication and HPV vaccine uptake. Prev Med 2015; 74:63-6. [PMID: 25773469 PMCID: PMC4511601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between mother-child communication about sex, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and contraception/condoms and HPV vaccine uptake by gender. METHODS Women (n = 1372) with ≥ 1 child aged 9-17 years receiving care in reproductive health clinics in Southeast Texas were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire between September 2011 and October 2013. RESULTS The majority of mothers with ≥ 1 eligible daughter (n = 886) reported having talked about 'sex' (77.7%), 'STDs' (76.6%) and 'contraception' (73.2%) with their daughters. The respective figures for mothers with ≥ 1 son (n = 836) were 68.8%, 69.0% and 65.3%. Mothers who discussed sex, STDs, or contraception with their daughters compared to those who did not were more likely to report that their daughter initiated (≥ 1 dose) HPV vaccination after adjusting for confounders (all p < .05). Similarly, mother-son discussions about STDs or condoms, but not sex, were associated with HPV vaccine initiation for their sons compared to those who did not discuss these topics. These associations were not significant with regard to HPV vaccine completion (3 doses) for neither daughters nor sons. CONCLUSION Mother-child communication on STDs and contraception/condoms is associated with HPV vaccine initiation, but not completion, among both daughters and sons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyra T Gross
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Tabassum H Laz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Abbey B Berenson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Blank C, Leichtfried V, Schaiter R, Fürhapter C, Müller D, Schobersberger W. Doping in sports: knowledge and attitudes among parents of Austrian junior athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:116-24. [PMID: 24372621 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for doping prevention are based on prior identification of opportunities for intervention. There is no current research focusing on the potential role in doping prevention, which might be played by the parents of junior elite athletes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes toward doping among parents of Austrian junior athletes and to analyze factors potentially influencing these beliefs. In this study, two questionnaires were distributed to 1818 student athletes, each with instructions that these surveys were to be completed by their parents (n(total) = 3636). Parents filled in questionnaires at home without observation. Responses from 883 parents were included in this analysis. Compared to female parents, male parents demonstrated significantly better knowledge about doping and its side effects and were more likely to be influenced by their own sporting careers and amounts of sports activities per week. Parental sex did not demonstrate a significant influence on responses reflecting attitudes toward doping. Additional research is needed to compare these results with young athletes' knowledge and attitudes to determine if and to what degree parental attitudes and beliefs influence the behavior and attitudes of their children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Blank
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism, UMIT, Hall, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|