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Giugliano D. A Dimensional Analysis of School Connectedness in Adolescents Newly Diagnosed With Cancer. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY NURSING 2024; 41:188-198. [PMID: 38523330 DOI: 10.1177/27527530231214534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Background: Adolescents newly diagnosed with cancer must navigate medical, psychosocial, and educational issues when confronting this life-threatening illness. Frequent hospitalizations and intense therapy disrupt attendance at school and social events. Research supports that school connectedness is a protective factor associated with improved adolescent health, psychological, and academic outcomes. However, this phenomenon is understudied in adolescents newly diagnosed with cancer. Method: This qualitative inquiry used a dimensional analysis method to uncover the nature of school connectedness in adolescents newly diagnosed with cancer prior to school reentry. Semistructured interviews with 19 adolescents explored school relationships and experiences at the time of cancer diagnosis. Data collection and inductive analysis occurred simultaneously. Results: Analysis revealed four key dimensions: "School Days and Ways," "The Boom," "The Pause," and "Connection Reconciliation: Me, You, and Learning." Additionally, "Social Scenes," "Shared Experiences," and "Seeing and Being With" emerged as subdimensions of "School Days and Ways." All adolescents in this study described being negatively impacted by the cancer experience with universal disruption in school relationships and diminished school connections. However, the desire to restore unraveled or broken relationships and reconcile connections with self, others from the school, and learning were highly salient. Discussion: This research uncovers the meaning and context of school connectedness prior to and following a cancer diagnosis, illuminating a deeper understanding of the impact of a cancer diagnosis on adolescents, school relationships, and learning. The findings provide direction in supporting adolescents as they confront the physical, psychosocial, and educational disruptions caused by their cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Giugliano
- Stony Brook University School of Nursing, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Integrative Review of Methods From Youth Risk Behavior Survey Secondary Data Analyses Examining HIV Syndemic Factors Among Adolescent Gay and Bisexual Men. Nurs Res 2023; 72:141-149. [PMID: 36729784 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent gay/bisexual men exhibit the highest prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infections. Ascertaining antecedents of behaviorally acquired HIV infections among adolescent gay/bisexual men can be challenging; however, these challenges can be overcome through the utilization of secondary data, such as the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. OBJECTIVE Syndemics theory suggests that HIV infections are not a singular phenomenon; instead, many infections occur at the intersection of syndemic factors, such as substance use, violence, and mental health. Our objective is to describe and synthesize research methods of secondary data analyses that examine syndemic factors in relation to HIV risk behavior outcomes among subsamples of adolescent gay/bisexual men. METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and PsycInfo were systematically searched. Inclusion criteria were (a) peer-reviewed Youth Risk Behavior Survey secondary data analyses conducted in the United States after 1991, (b) subsamples with adolescent gay/bisexual men, (c) one or more syndemic factor(s), and (d) one or more HIV risk behavior outcome(s). We used the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tools for quality appraisal. RESULTS Of 1,036 citations retrieved, nine studies met inclusion criteria. Results included using logistic regression analysis and data from 2015 to 2017 in six studies and underpinnings with minority stress theory in four studies. Eight studies omitted race/ethnicity in subsamples and six grouped lesbians with adolescent gay/bisexual men. Seven studies examined substance use, six examined violence, and five examined mental health. Condom use and number of partners were the most studied HIV risk behavior outcomes in four studies, whereas intercourse in the last 3 months was an outcome in only one study. Protective factors were not present. CONCLUSION Limitations found the need to highlight better inclusion of race/ethnicity and sexual orientation. Adding contemporary survey items is also necessary, such as nonbinary sex and gender identity, access to HIV prevention (condoms, HIV testing, and preexposure prophylaxis), and experiences with stigma, to elucidate risk behaviors among populations disproportionately affected by HIV infections, including Blacks/African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos.
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Vargas N, Clark JL, Estrada IA, De La Torre C, Yosha N, Magaña Alvarez M, Parker RG, Garcia J. Critical Consciousness for Connectivity: Decoding Social Isolation Experienced by Latinx and LGBTQ+ Youth Using a Multi-Stakeholder Approach to Health Equity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11080. [PMID: 36078799 PMCID: PMC9518045 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Systemic oppression creates a context in which Latinx LGBTQ+ youth experience social isolation. Social isolation has been associated with mental and physical health disparities, including disproportionate levels of depression, substance use, self-harm, and attempted suicide. These disparities are often magnified in rural and suburban areas with fewer identity-affirming spaces. This community-engaged study reports on the formative process of developing a Latinx LGBTQ+ telenovela (soap opera) allyship intervention based on critical consciousness theory. We conducted eight focus groups with community advisory boards, which included Latinx LGBTQ+ youth (n = 12), health and social service providers serving LGBTQ+ youth (n = 10), 4-H Latinx alumni youth (n = 12), and 4-H Latinx parents (n = 8). We interviewed nine Latinx LGBTQ+ youth enrolled in a film-making workshop. As a result of our multi-stakeholder approach, we: (1) described how stakeholders reflected on and decoded intersectional isolation on the individual, community, and structural levels; and (2) identified ways that stakeholders suggested taking action by improving access to resources to address social isolation, provide culturally competent healthcare, and co-create an enabling social environment. Our study indicated the importance of tapping into core values and intersectional identities to build solidarity among and within marginalized groups to dismantle oppressive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jesse L. Clark
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ivan A. Estrada
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | - Nili Yosha
- Outside the Frame, Portland, OR 97209, USA
| | - Mario Magaña Alvarez
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Richard G. Parker
- Associação Brasileira Interdisciplinar de AIDS, Rio de Janeiro 20071-907, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Garcia
- Hallie E. Ford Center for Healthy Children and Families, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Li W, Guo L, Zhang S, Wang W, Chen X, Li Q, Lu C. Association among emotional and behavioural problems, sexual minority status and suicidal behaviours in adolescents: a cross-sectional study from Guangdong Province in China. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051485. [PMID: 34531220 PMCID: PMC8449960 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to estimate whether emotional and behavioural problems mediate the association between sexual minority status and suicidal behaviour among Chinese adolescents. We also tested whether such mediation is moderated by the sex assigned at birth. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING A secondary analysis of the cross-sectional data collected from 7th-grade to 12th-grade students in junior high schools (n=36), senior high schools (n=24) and vocational high schools (n=12) in six cities of Guangdong Province, China. A multistage, stratified cluster, random sampling method was used in the 2019 School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey. PARTICIPANTS A total of 16 663 students aged 11-20 years. OUTCOME MEASURES Two main psychological and mental health outcomes: (1) self-reported version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to measure emotional and behavioural problems; and (2) presence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the past 12 months. RESULTS Emotional and behavioural problems (peer problems, emotional problems, conduct problems and hyperactivity) partially mediated the effects of sexual minority status on suicidal ideation (indirect effect=0.020, 95% CI 0.015 to 0.025) and suicide attempts (indirect effect=0.012, 95% CI 0.009 to 0.016), accounting for 18.18% and 14.46% of the total effect, respectively. Further moderated mediation analyses revealed a greater risk of suicidality among sexual minority girls. CONCLUSIONS Emotional and behavioural problems partially explained the increased risk of suicidality among sexual minority adolescents, and appreciably higher among sexual minority girls than boys. To prevent subsequent suicidality, the risks of emotional and behavioural problems in sexual minority adolescents should be identified at an early stage and reduced by means of preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Coulter RWS, Paglisotti T, Montano G, Bodnar K, Bersamin M, Russell ST, Hill AV, Mair C, Miller E. Intersectional Differences in Protective School Assets by Sexuality, Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2021; 91:318-330. [PMID: 33740272 PMCID: PMC8432425 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School assets-such as connectedness, caring relationships with adults, high behavioral expectations from adults, and meaningful participation-are associated with positive outcomes for adolescents. However, little is known about how school assets differ among adolescents with intersecting marginalized identities. METHODS We used the 2013-2014 California Healthy Kids Survey (N = 320,462 students) to examine differences in school assets with respect to sexuality, gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status using adjusted multilevel linear regression models. RESULTS Sexual minority, gender minority, racial/ethnic minority, and low socioeconomic status adolescents had significantly lower protective school assets. For all outcomes, the differences between sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents were more pronounced among nontransgender girls than nontransgender boys; however, these differences were not consistently present among racial/ethnic minority students. For school connectedness and meaningful participation, differences for racial/ethnic minorities versus white adolescents were more pronounced among nontransgender girls than nontransgender boys. Differences between transgender adolescents and nontransgender boys were more pronounced for white adolescents compared to some other racial/ethnic minority students. Overall, adolescents with certain multiple marginalized identities had lower school assets. CONCLUSIONS Interventions are needed to strengthen school assets among marginalized students, thereby helping mitigate health and education inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W S Coulter
- Assistant Professor, , Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 6129 Public Health Building, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261., USA
| | - Taylor Paglisotti
- Data Analyst Coordinator, , Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 120 Lytton Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213-1444., USA
| | - Gerald Montano
- Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, , Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University Center, Suite 225, 120 Lytton Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213-1481., USA
| | - Kaitlin Bodnar
- Research Assistant, , University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, P.O. Box 7319, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213., USA
| | - Melina Bersamin
- Senior Research Scientist, , Prevention Research Center, 1516 East Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514., USA
| | - Stephen T Russell
- Professor, , Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX, 78712., USA
| | - Ashley V Hill
- Postdoctoral Researcher, , Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University Center, Suite 302.4, 120 Lytton Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213-1481., USA
| | - Christina Mair
- Associate Professor, , Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 6136 Public Health Building, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261., USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Professor, , Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University Center, Suite 302.2, 120 Lytton Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213-1481., USA
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Nelson KM, Gordon AR, John SA, Stout CD, Macapagal K. "Physical Sex Is Over for Now": Impact of COVID-19 on the Well-Being and Sexual Health of Adolescent Sexual Minority Males in the U.S. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:756-762. [PMID: 33039273 PMCID: PMC7683377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic and physical distancing measures have impacted the well-being and sexual health among adolescent sexual minority males (ASMM) during the initial phase of physical distancing mandates in the U.S. METHODS From March 27, 2020, to May 8, 2020, U.S. ASMM (N = 151; aged 14-17 years) completed the online baseline survey of a sexual health intervention trial. COVID-19-related closed- and open-ended questions were included. A mixed-methods approach assessed COVID-19-related changes in well-being and sexual health by outness with an accepting guardian. RESULTS The majority (57%) of participants reported being worried about COVID-19. Almost all (91%) were physically distancing. Participants noted that COVID-19 changed school, home, work, and family life. Participants highlighted that COVID-19 reduced their ability to socialize and had a deleterious effect on their mental health. In the past 3 months, participants reported seeing sexual partners in person less often, masturbating and viewing pornography more often, and sexting and messaging on men-seeking-men websites/phone applications about the same amount. Many described being physically distanced from sexual partners, and some noted an increase in their use of virtual ways to connect with partners (e.g., video chatting). There were no differences by outness with an accepting guardian in quantitative or qualitative responses. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a snapshot of the initial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among a convenience sample of U.S. ASMM and underscore the need to provide access to resources sensitive to their social, developmental, and sexual health needs during this crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M. Nelson
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allegra R. Gordon
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven A. John
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Claire D. Stout
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katharyn Macapagal
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA,Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Duke NN. Adolescent Adversity, School Attendance and Academic Achievement: School Connection and the Potential for Mitigating Risk. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2020; 90:618-629. [PMID: 32557700 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may be particularly impactful for the learning environment. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between ACEs and 3 education-related outcomes, no plan to graduate, past month unexcused absences, and low academic achievement, outcomes linked to poor prospects for future social status attainment and by extension, health. METHODS Data are from 9th and 11th grade participants in the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey (N = 81,885). Logistic regression was used to determine if individual and cumulative measures for 10 types of ACEs were significantly associated with education-related outcomes in analytic models adjusting for demographic and individual factors. Final analytic models tested for moderation of relationships between ACEs and adverse education outcomes by student school connection. Analyses were stratified by sex. RESULTS Multiple types of ACEs were significantly associated with each adverse education outcome. Relationships between some types of ACEs and education outcomes were marginally attenuated by school connection. CONCLUSIONS Among high school students, experiences of adversity were significantly associated with scholastic outcomes that portend limited prospects for health and status attainment in adulthood. Strategies for strengthening student school connection may be relevant for supporting youth resilience, and the potential for better stability in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi N Duke
- Division of Primary Care, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Civitan Building #num; 138, 2213 Elba Street, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
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Garcia J, Vargas N, Clark JL, Magaña Álvarez M, Nelons DA, Parker RG. Social isolation and connectedness as determinants of well-being: Global evidence mapping focused on LGBTQ youth. Glob Public Health 2020; 15:497-519. [PMID: 31658001 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.17442019.11682028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation describes a lack of a sense of belonging, the inability to engage and connect with others, and the neglect or deterioration of social relationships. This conceptual review describes how social isolation and connectedness affect the well-being of LGBTQ youth. Most studies focused on the psychosocial experience of social isolation, which led to suicide attempt, self-harm, sexual risk, and substance use. Scholarly work has drawn from a variety of frameworks, ranging from minority stress theory to positive youth development, to devise interventions that target isolation and connectedness in schools, community-based organisations, and in online environments. Finally, we discuss the importance of addressing social, cultural, and structural dimensions of social isolation in order to foster enabling environments that allow LGBTQ youth to thrive. This conceptual review suggests that individual and social transformations are the result of young people's meaningful participation in shaping their environment, which is made possible when their capabilities are fostered through social well-being. Our findings suggest the need for measures of social isolation among youth in databanks produced by global institutions, such as the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Garcia
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Nancy Vargas
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jesse L Clark
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mario Magaña Álvarez
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Devynne A Nelons
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Richard G Parker
- Associação Brasileira Interdisciplinar de AIDS (ABIA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Agnew-Brune CB, Balaji AB, Mustanski B, Newcomb ME, Prachand N, Braunstein SL, Brady KA, Hoots BE, Smith JS, Paz-Bailey G, Broz D. Mental health, social support, and HIV-related sexual risk behaviors among HIV-negative adolescent sexual minority males: three U.S. cities, 2015. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:3419-3426. [PMID: 31065922 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-019-02525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between mental health issues, social support, and HIV among adolescent sexual minority males (SMM), who are disproportionally affected by HIV. National HIV Behavioral Surveillance among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men (NHBS-YMSM) data among SMM aged 13-18 years were collected in three cities (Chicago, New York City, and Philadelphia). Separate log-linked Poisson regression models were used to estimate associations between mental health issues and social support (general and family), and 3 HIV-related sexual risk behavior outcomes: past-year condomless anal intercourse (CAI) with a male partner, past-year sex with ≥ 4 partners, and first vaginal or anal sex before age 13. Of 547 adolescent SMM, 22% reported ever attempting suicide and 10% reported past-month suicidal ideation. The majority (52%) reported depression and anxiety. Thirty-nine percent reported CAI, 29% reported ≥ 4 sex partners and 22% reported first sex before age 13. Ever attempting suicide, suicidal ideation, and depression and anxiety were associated with CAI. Separately, ever attempting suicide and lack of family support were associated with ≥ 4 sex partners. None of the mental health or support measures were associated with having sex before age 13. General social support was not associated with any sexual risk behaviors. Mental health issues are common among adolescent SMM and associated with sexual risk behaviors. Including mental health support in comprehensive HIV prevention for adolescent SMM could potentially reduce HIV risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine B Agnew-Brune
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop E-46, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Alexandra B Balaji
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop E-46, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Department of Medical Social Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael E Newcomb
- Department of Medical Social Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nik Prachand
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Brooke E Hoots
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop E-46, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Justin S Smith
- Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop E-46, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dita Broz
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Mailstop E-46, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Garcia J, Vargas N, Clark JL, Magaña Álvarez M, Nelons DA, Parker RG. Social isolation and connectedness as determinants of well-being: Global evidence mapping focused on LGBTQ youth. Glob Public Health 2019; 15:497-519. [PMID: 31658001 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2019.1682028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation describes a lack of a sense of belonging, the inability to engage and connect with others, and the neglect or deterioration of social relationships. This conceptual review describes how social isolation and connectedness affect the well-being of LGBTQ youth. Most studies focused on the psychosocial experience of social isolation, which led to suicide attempt, self-harm, sexual risk, and substance use. Scholarly work has drawn from a variety of frameworks, ranging from minority stress theory to positive youth development, to devise interventions that target isolation and connectedness in schools, community-based organisations, and in online environments. Finally, we discuss the importance of addressing social, cultural, and structural dimensions of social isolation in order to foster enabling environments that allow LGBTQ youth to thrive. This conceptual review suggests that individual and social transformations are the result of young people's meaningful participation in shaping their environment, which is made possible when their capabilities are fostered through social well-being. Our findings suggest the need for measures of social isolation among youth in databanks produced by global institutions, such as the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Garcia
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Nancy Vargas
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jesse L Clark
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mario Magaña Álvarez
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Devynne A Nelons
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Richard G Parker
- Associação Brasileira Interdisciplinar de AIDS (ABIA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Burk J, Park M, Saewyc EM. A Media-Based School Intervention to Reduce Sexual Orientation Prejudice and Its Relationship to Discrimination, Bullying, and the Mental Health of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adolescents in Western Canada: A Population-Based Evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112447. [PMID: 30400236 PMCID: PMC6265963 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
School interventions to address sexual orientation discrimination can be important tools for fostering inclusive school climate, and improving student wellbeing. In this study, we empirically evaluated a film-based intervention, Out in Schools, designed to reduce sexual orientation prejudice and foster inclusive school attitudes. Our evaluation mapped data about Out in Schools presentations onto student data from the random cluster-stratified, province-wide 2013 British Columbia Adolescent Health Survey (BCAHS) as well as potential confounding variables of Gay-Straight Alliance clubs (GSAs) and inclusive school policies. Outcome measures included past year sexual orientation discrimination, bullying, suicidal ideation, and school connectedness among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) and heterosexual (HET) students in grades 8 through 12 (ages 13 to 18; unweighted N = 21,075, weighted/scaled N = 184,821). Analyses used complex samples logistic regression, adjusted for sample design, conducted separately by gender and orientation. We found Out in Schools presentations were associated with reduced odds of LGB students experiencing discrimination, and both LGB and HET girl students being bullied or considering suicide, and increased levels of school connectedness, even after controlling for GSAs and policies. Out in Schools appears to have an additive contribution to reducing orientation prejudice and improving LGB and heterosexual student wellbeing within schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Burk
- Stigma and Resilience Among Vulnerable Youth Centre, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
| | - Minjeong Park
- Stigma and Resilience Among Vulnerable Youth Centre, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth M Saewyc
- Stigma and Resilience Among Vulnerable Youth Centre, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
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