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Li Z, Hu F, Xiong L, Zhou X, Dong C, Zheng Y. Underlying mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy: Evidences from molecular and clinical studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118641. [PMID: 39084273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic retinopathy (DR) can cause visual impairment and even blindness. With the rapid increase in the prevalence of DM, the incidence of DR is also rising year by year. Preventing and effectively treating DR has become a major focus in the medical field. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a wealth of experience in treating DR and has achieved significant results with various herbs and TCM prescriptions. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for diabetic retinopathy (DR), encompassing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, anti-neovascularization, neuroprotection, regulation of glucose metabolism, and inhibition of apoptosis. This review provides an overview of the current status of TCM treatment for DR in recent years, including experimental studies and clinical researches, to explore the clinical efficacy and the underlying modern mechanisms of herbs and TCM prescriptions. Besides, we also discussed the challenges TCM faces in treating DR, such as drug-drug interactions among TCM components and the lack of high-quality evidence-based medicine practice, which pose significant obstacles to TCM's application in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengpin Li
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Faquan Hu
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Liyuan Xiong
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Changwu Dong
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yujiao Zheng
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
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Cai J, Tan X, Hu Q, Pan H, Zhao M, Guo C, Zeng J, Ma X, Zhao Y. Flavonoids and Gastric Cancer Therapy: From Signaling Pathway to Therapeutic Significance. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:3233-3253. [PMID: 39081701 PMCID: PMC11287762 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s466470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent gastrointestinal tumor characterized by high mortality and recurrence rates. Current treatments often have limitations, prompting researchers to explore novel anti-tumor substances and develop new drugs. Flavonoids, natural compounds with diverse biological activities, are gaining increasing attention in this regard. We searched from PubMed, Web of Science, SpringerLink and other databases to find the relevant literature in the last two decades. Using "gastric cancer", "stomach cancers", "flavonoid", "bioflavonoid", "2-Phenyl-Chromene" as keywords, were searched, then analyzed and summarized the mechanism of flavonoids in the treatment of GC. It was revealed that the anti-tumor mechanism of flavonoids involves inhibiting tumor growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, as well as inducing cell death through various processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. Additionally, combining flavonoids with other chemotherapeutic agents like 5-FU and platinum compounds can potentially reduce chemoresistance. Flavonoids have also demonstrated enhanced biological activity when used in combination with other natural products. Consequently, this review proposes innovative perspectives for the development of flavonoids as new anti-GC agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Cai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui Guo
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Dong Y, Shao E, Li S, Wang R, Wang D, Wang L, Yang H, He Y, Luan T, Chen Y, Wang Y, Lin L, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Zhao W. Baicalein suppresses Coxsackievirus B3 replication by inhibiting caspase-1 and viral protease 2A. Virol Sin 2024:S1995-820X(24)00113-5. [PMID: 39025463 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the cardiac muscle and one of the primary causes of dilated cardiomyopathy. Group B coxsackievirus (CVB) is one of the leading causative pathogens of viral myocarditis, which primarily affects children and young adults. Due to the lack of vaccines, the development of antiviral medicines is crucial to controlling CVB infection and the progression of myocarditis. In this study, we investigated the antiviral effect of baicalein, a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicaleinsis. Our results demonstrated that baicalein treatment significantly reduced cytopathic effect and increased cell viability in CVB3-infected cells. In addition, significant reductions in viral protein 3D, viral RNA, and viral particles were observed in CVB3-infected cells treated with baicalein. We found that baicalein exerted its inhibitory effect in the early stages of CVB3 infection. Baicalein also suppressed viral replication in the myocardium and effectively alleviated myocarditis induced by CVB3 infection. Our study revealed that baicalein exerts its antiviral effect by inhibiting the activity of caspase-1 and viral protease 2A. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that baicalein has antiviral activity against CVB3 infection and may serve as a potential therapeutic option for the myocarditis caused by enterovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Enze Shao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yingxia He
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Tian Luan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lexun Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Wenran Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Liu M, Zhao X, Wen J, Sun L, Huang R, Zhang H, Liu Y, Ren X. A multidimensional strategy for uncovering comprehensive quality markers of Scutellariae Radix based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis, artificial neural network, network pharmacology analysis, and molecular simulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1423678. [PMID: 39022612 PMCID: PMC11251886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1423678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Scutellariae Radix (SR), derived from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for clearing heat and cooling blood. It has been used as a traditional herbal medicine and is popular as a functional food in Asian countries today. Methods In this study, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was first employed to identify the chemical components in the ethanol extract of SR. Then, the extraction process was optimized using star point design-response surface methodology. Fingerprints of different batches and processed products were established, and chemical markers were screened through a combination of various artificial neural network models. Finally, network pharmacology and molecular simulation techniques were utilized for verification to determine the quality markers. Results A total of 35 chemical components in SR were identified, and the optimal extraction process was determined as follows: ultrasonic extraction with 80% methanol at a ratio of 120:1 for 70 minutes, with a soaking time of 30 minutes. Through discriminant analysis using various artificial neural network models, the samples of SR could be classified into two categories based on their growth years: Kuqin (dried roots of older plants) and Ziqin (roots of younger plants). Moreover, the samples within each category could be further clustered according to their origins. The four different processed products of SR could also be distinguished separately. Finally, through the integration of network pharmacology and molecular simulation techniques, it was determined that baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, norwogonin, norwogonin-8-O-glucuronide, skullcapflavone II, hispidulin, 8, 8"-bibaicalein, and oroxylin A-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide could serve as quality markers for SR. Discussion The primary factors affecting the quality of SR were its growth years. The geographic origin of SR was identified as a secondary factor affecting its quality. Processing also had a significant impact on its quality. The selected quality markers have laid the foundation for the quality control of SR, and this research strategy also provides a research paradigm for improving the quality of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinli Wen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoliang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Nelson VK, Nuli MV, Ausali S, Gupta S, Sanga V, Mishra R, Jaini PK, Madhuri Kallam SD, Sudhan HH, Mayasa V, Abomughaid MM, Almutary AG, Pullaiah CP, Mitta R, Jha NK. Dietary anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial medicinal plants and its compounds in bovine mastitis associated impact on human life. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106687. [PMID: 38750773 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis (BM) is the most common bacterial mediated inflammatory disease in the dairy cattle that causes huge economic loss to the dairy industry due to decreased milk quality and quantity. Milk is the essential food in the human diet, and rich in crucial nutrients that helps in lowering the risk of diseases like hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The main causative agents of the disease include various gram negative, and positive bacteria, along with other risk factors such as udder shape, age, genetic, and environmental factors also contributes much for the disease. Currently, antibiotics, immunotherapy, probiotics, dry cow, and lactation therapy are commonly recommended for BM. However, these treatments can only decrease the rise of new cases but can't eliminate the causative agents, and they also exhibit several limitations. Hence, there is an urgent need of a potential source that can generate a typical and ideal treatment to overcome the limitations and eliminate the pathogens. Among the various sources, medicinal plants and its derived products always play a significant role in drug discovery against several diseases. In addition, they are also known for its low toxicity and minimum resistance features. Therefore, plants and its compounds that possess anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties can serve better in bovine mastitis. In addition, the plants that are serving as a food source and possessing pharmacological properties can act even better in bovine mastitis. Hence, in this evidence-based study, we particularly review the dietary medicinal plants and derived products that are proven for anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects. Moreover, the role of each dietary plant and its compounds along with possible role in the management of bovine mastitis are delineated. In this way, this article serves as a standalone source for the researchers working in this area to help in the management of BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Center for global health research, saveetha medical college, saveetha institute of medical and technical sciences, India.
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Saijyothi Ausali
- College of Pharmacy, MNR higher education and research academy campus, MNR Nagar, Sangareddy, 502294, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vaishnavi Sanga
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Richa Mishra
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, Gujrat, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Jaini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Raffles University, Neemrana, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudha Divya Madhuri Kallam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India
| | - Hari Hara Sudhan
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Vinyas Mayasa
- GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM University Hyderabad Campus, Rudraram, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box, 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chitikela P Pullaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Siddha Central Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 60016, India
| | - Raghavendra Mitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering & Technology (SSET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.
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Tang ZW, Zhang CE, Ma FZ, Cui YT, Ye RH, Pu SB, Ma ZJ. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi alleviates Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea and its modulatory effects on the gut microbiota. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:105973. [PMID: 38663560 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The growing incidence of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) underscores the urgency for potent treatments. This research delves into the therapeutic potential of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae) root (SR) in addressing CDAD and its influence on gut microbiota. Using a CDAD mouse model and fidaxomicin as a control, SR's impact was measured through diarrhea symptoms, colonic histopathology, and C. difficile toxin levels. Employing the PacBio platform, 16S rRNA full-length gene sequencing analyzed the gut microbial composition and the effect of SR. Results revealed SR considerably alleviated diarrhea during treatment and restoration phases, with a marked decrease in colonic inflammation. C. difficile toxin levels dropped significantly with SR treatment (P < 0.001). While SR didn't augment gut microbiota's overall abundance, it enhanced its diversity. It restored levels of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, reduced Akkermansia spp. and Enterococcus spp. proportions, and modulated specific bacterial species' abundance. In essence, SR effectively mitigates CDAD symptoms, curtails inflammatory reactions, and beneficially restructures gut microbiota, suggesting its potential in advanced CDAD clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Wei Tang
- College of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chines Medicine, 650500, Yunnan, China; Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Cong-En Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Zhi Ma
- College of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chines Medicine, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu-Tao Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Han Ye
- College of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chines Medicine, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Biao Pu
- College of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chines Medicine, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Zhi-Jie Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, China.
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Luo Y, Lin B, Yu P, Zhang D, Hu Y, Meng X, Xiang L. Scutellaria baicalensis water decoction ameliorates lower respiratory tract infection by modulating respiratory microbiota. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155706. [PMID: 38723528 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) has been demonstrated to be strongly associated with dysbiosis of respiratory microbiota. Scutellaria baicalensis, a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat respiratory infections. However, whether the therapeutic effect of S. baicalensis on LRTIs depends upon respiratory microbiota regulation is largely unclear. PURPOSE To investigate the potential effect and mechanism of S. baicalensis on the respiratory microbiota of LRTI mice. METHODS A mouse model of LRTI was established using Klebsiella pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antibiotic treatment was administered, and transplantation of respiratory microbiota was performed to deplete the respiratory microbiota of mice and recover the destroyed microbial community, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine and quantify the chemical components of S. baicalensis water decoction (SBWD). Pathological changes in lung tissues and the expressions of serum inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-17A (IL-17A), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were determined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed to detect the mRNA expression of GM-CSF. Metagenomic sequencing was performed to evaluate the effect of SBWD on the composition and function of the respiratory microbiota in LRTI mice. RESULTS Seven main components, including scutellarin, baicalin, oroxylin A-7-O-β-d-glucuronide, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A, were identified and their levels in SBWD were quantified. SBWD ameliorated pulmonary pathological injury and inflammatory responses in K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae-induced LRTI mice, as evidenced by the dose-dependent reductions in the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α. SBWD may exert a bidirectional regulatory effect on the host innate immune responses in LRTI mice and regulate the expressions of IL-17A and GM-CSF in a microbiota-dependent manner. K. pneumoniae infection but not S. pneumoniae infection led to dysbiosis in the respiratory microbiota, evident through disturbances in the taxonomic composition characterized by bacterial enrichment, including Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Klebsiella. K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae infection altered the bacterial functional profile of the respiratory microbiota, as indicated by increases in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and carbohydrate metabolism. SBWD had a certain trend on the regulation of compositional disorders in the respiratory flora and modulated partial microbial functions embracing carbohydrate metabolism in K. pneumoniae-induced LRTI mice. CONCLUSION SBWD may exert an anti-infection effect on LRTI by targeting IL-17A and GM-CSF through respiratory microbiota regulation. The mechanism of S. baicalensis action on respiratory microbiota in LRTI treatment merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, PR China
| | - Peng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yingfan Hu
- The School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Liu Z, Dang B, Li Z, Wang X, Liu Y, Wu F, Cao X, Wang C, Lin C. Baicalin attenuates acute skin damage induced by ultraviolet B via inhibiting pyroptosis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 256:112937. [PMID: 38743989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
As the outermost layer of the human body, the skin suffers from various external factors especially light damage, among which ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation is common and possesses a relatively high biological damage capacity. Pyroptosis is a newly discovered type of programmed cell death, which can induce cell rupture and induce local inflammatory response. However, the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis in photodamaged skin is poorly understood. Baicalin, a flavonoid extracted from the desiccated root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang Qin). Despite its antioxidant abilities, whether baicalin protects skin by attenuating UVB-induced pyroptosis remains unclear, which was the aim of this study. The UVB-induced acute skin damage model was established by using human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and Kunming (KM) strain mice. The protective dose selection for baicalin is 50 μM in vitro and 100 mg/kg in vivo. In in vitro study, UVB irradiation significantly decreased cell viability, increased cell death and oxidative stress in HaCaT cells, while pretreatment with baicalin improved these phenomena. Furthermore, the baicalin pretreatment notably suppressed nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) translocation, the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and gasdermin D (GSDMD) maturation, thus effectively attenuating UVB-induced pyroptosis. In in vivo study, the baicalin pretreatment mitigated epidermal hyperplasia, collagen fiber fragmentation, oxidative stress and pyroptosis in UVB-irradiated mouse skin. In a nutshell, this study suggests that baicalin could be a potential protective agent to attenuate acute skin damage induced by UVB irradiation through decreasing oxidative stress and suppressing NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD-involved pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuohao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingrong Dang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingsheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fen Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changjun Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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Li SY, Xu DQ, Chen YY, Fu RJ, Tang YP. Several major herb pairs containing Coptidis rhizoma: a review of key traditional uses, constituents and compatibility effects. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1399460. [PMID: 38983920 PMCID: PMC11231094 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1399460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Herb compatibility is the soul of traditional Chinese Medicine prescriptions. Coptidis rhizoma (CR) (Coptis chinensis Franch., Coptis deltoidea C.Y.Cheng et Hsiao, or Coptis teeta Wall.; family Ranunculaceae), is a well-known herb. The bitter and cold nature of CR can irritate the spleen and stomach, and certain ingredients in CR may trigger allergic reactions. Herb combinations can help alleviate the side effects caused by CR. Through data analysis and literature research, there are many herbs combined with CR have a high frequency, but only a few are currently used as formulae in clinical practice. The results showed that these six herb pairs are usually widely studied or used as prescriptions in the clinic. This paper describes the six herb pairs from the key traditional uses, changes in bioactive constituents, and compatibility effects, especially with Euodiae fructus (family Rutaceae), Scutellariae radix (family Lamiaceae), Magnoliae Officinalis cortex (family Magnoliaceae), Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma (family Fabaceae), Ginseng radix et rhizoma (family Araliaceae), and Aucklandiae radix (family Asteraceae), and found that herbs are more effective when used in combination. Therefore, it is feasible to establish some methods to study herb pairs comprehensively from different perspectives. This paper aims to provide the latest and most comprehensive information on the six herb pairs and summarize the pattern of CR compatibility effects. It aims to attract more attention, and further experimental studies will be conducted to investigate and evaluate the effects of herb pairs containing CR. These data can also provide valuable references for researchers and also provide more possibilities for future applications in clinical practice and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Wuxi Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, and Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui-Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Li X, Zhang X, Kang Y, Cai M, Yan J, Zang C, Gao Y, Qi Y. Scutellarein Suppresses the Production of ROS and Inflammatory Mediators of LPS-Activated Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Attenuates Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:710. [PMID: 38929149 PMCID: PMC11200809 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Scutellarein is a key active constituent present in many plants, especially in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Erigeron breviscapus (vant.) Hand-Mazz which possesses both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. It also is the metabolite of scutellarin, with the ability to relieve LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI), strongly suggesting that scutellarein could suppress respiratory inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of scutellarein on lung inflammation by using LPS-activated BEAS-2B cells (a human bronchial epithelial cell line) and LPS-induced ALI mice. The results showed that scutellarein could reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation through inhibiting the activation of NADPH oxidases, markedly downregulating the transcription and translation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 8 in LPS-activated BEAS-2B cells. The mechanism study revealed that it suppressed the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, consequently hindering the translocation of p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and its subsequent binding to DNA, thereby decreasing NF-κB-regulated gene transcription. Notably, scutellarein had no impact on the activation of AP-1 signaling. In LPS-induced ALI mice, scutellarein significantly decreased IL-6, CCL2, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, attenuated lung injury, and inhibited neutrophil infiltration. Our findings suggest that scutellarein may be a beneficial agent for the treatment of infectious pneumonia by virtue of its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.K.); (M.C.); (J.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.K.); (M.C.); (J.Y.); (C.Z.)
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11
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Lai J, Li C. Review on the pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetics of scutellarein. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400053. [PMID: 38849327 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Scutellarein is a flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi that has been shown to have a variety of pharmacological activities. This review aims to summarize the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies on scutellarein and provide useful information for relevant scholars. Pharmacological studies indicate that scutellarein possesses a diverse range of pharmacological properties, including but not limited to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anticancer, and cardiovascular protective effects. Further investigation reveals that the pharmacological effects of scutellarein are driven by multiple mechanisms. These mechanisms encompass the scavenging of free radicals, inhibition of the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and expression of inflammatory mediators, inhibition of the activity of crucial viral proteins, suppression of gluconeogenesis, amelioration of insulin resistance, improvement of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, induction of apoptosis in cancer cells, and prevention of myocardial hypertrophy, among others. In summary, these pharmacological studies suggest that scutellarein holds promise for the treatment of various diseases. It is imperative to conduct clinical studies to further elucidate the therapeutic effects of scutellarein. However, it is worth noting that studies on the pharmacokinetics reveal an inhibitory effect of scutellarein on uridine 5'-diphosphate glucuronide transferases and cytochrome P450 enzymes, potentially posing safety risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Lai
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Guo F, Li C, Dou J, Liang J, Chen Z, Xu Z, Wang T. Research progress on pharmacological properties and application of probiotics in the fermentation of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1407182. [PMID: 38903628 PMCID: PMC11187263 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1407182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a medicinal herb with a rich history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. This review concentrates on the chemical constituents of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, with a particular emphasis on flavonoids such as baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin. Additionally, it examines the effects of probiotic fermentation on the plant's chemical profile and pharmacological actions. Evidence suggests that probiotic fermentation markedly modifies the bioactive components of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, thereby augmenting its medicinal potency. The paper delves into the mechanisms by which the primary active constituents of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi are altered during fermentation and how these changes influence its pharmacological properties. This review aims to lay a theoretical groundwork for the clinical utilization of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and the formulation of innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
| | - Chunhai Li
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxin Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
| | - Zouquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenshang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
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Cui X, Zhang X, Sun H, Zheng Y, Su C. Effects of elicitors from culture filtrate of Fusarium solani CL105 on flavonoid production of Scutellaria baicalensis calli. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1383918. [PMID: 38899155 PMCID: PMC11186380 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1383918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Endophytic fungi can promote secondary metabolite accumulation in medicinal plants. Previously, we observed that the culture filtrate of Fusarium solani CL105 promoted flavonoid production in Scutellaria baicalensis calli. However, the active ingredients and mechanisms associated with this secondary metabolite accumulation remain unclear. Methods This study evaluates the effects of different elicitors from the culture filtrate of F. solani CL105 namely, exopolysaccharide (EPS), exoprotein (EP), and other parts (OP), on the flavonoid production in S. baicalensis calli by HPLC. Subsequently, the underlying mechanism of EPS induced flavonoid production in S. baicalensis calli was revealed by transcriptomics and RT-PCR. Results and discussion The results indicated a significant increase in flavonoid production in S. baicalensis calli following treatment with EPS. Baicalin (1.40 fold), wogonoside (1.91 fold), and wogonin (2.76 fold) were most significantly up-regulated compared with the control. Transcriptome analysis further revealed up-regulation of key enzyme genes (CHS, CHI, FNS, and F6H) involved in flavonoid synthesis after 5 days of EPS treatment. Moreover, the expression of GA2ox and CYP707A-genes involved in gibberellin acid (GA) and abscisic acid biosynthesis (ABA), respectively-were significantly up-regulated. The expression levels of certain transcription factors, including MYB3, MYB8, and MYB13, were also significantly higher than in controls. Our results indicated that EPS was a main active elicitor involved in promoting flavonoid production in S. baicalensis calli. We postulated that EPS might stimulate the expression of MYB3, MYB8, MYB13, GA2ox, and CYP707A, leading to markedly upregulated CHS, CHI, FNS, and F6H expression levels, ultimately promoting flavonoid synthesis. This study provides a novel avenue for large-scale in vitro production of flavonoids in S. baicalensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National ResourceCenter for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huigai Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunyan Su
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
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Ye Q, Huang S, Wang Y, Chen S, Yang H, Tan W, Wu Z, Wang A, Chen Y. Wogonin improves colitis by activating the AhR pathway to regulate the plasticity of ILC3/ILC1. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155425. [PMID: 38518634 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by the disrupted balance of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3)/group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) is a significant feature in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling contributes to the maintenance of ILC3/ILC1 balance. Wogonin, a natural flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, can repair intestinal mucosal damage of IBD. However, it remains unclear if wogonin can exert a therapeutic effect by activating the AhR pathway to regulate the plasticity of ILC3/ILC1. PURPOSE In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of wogonin on IBD and its potential mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Chronic colitis was induced by four cycles of 2 % DSS treatment in mice. 20 mg kg-1/day wogonin was administrated by oral gavage and mice were treated intraperitoneally with 10 mg kg-1/2 days CH223191 to block the AhR pathway. Colon tissues were processed for histopathological examination and evaluation of the epithelial barrier function by immunohistochemistry. The activation of the AhR pathway and the plasticity of ILC3/ILC1 were determined by western blot and flow cytometry. Then, we also detected the intestinal microflora and their metabolites by 16 s sequencing and non-targeted Metabolomics analysis. Furthermore, an in vitro culture system consisting of MNK3 cells and NCM460 cells, and a CETSA assay were performed to confirm the molecular mechanism. RESULTS Wogonin ameliorated histological severity of the colon, decreased the secretion of inflammatory factors, and increased tight junction proteins in colitis mice. These effects are associated with the tendency of conversion from ILC3 to ILC1 prevented by wogonin, which was offset by AhR antagonist CH223191. In addition, wogonin exerted the curative effect by altering gut microbiota to produce metabolites such as Kynurenic acid, and 1H-Indole-3-carboxaldehyde as AhR endogenous ligands. In vitro data further verified that wogonin as an exogenous ligand directly binds to the structural domain of AhR by CETSA. Also, the supernatant of MNK-3 cells stimulated with wogonin enhanced expression of Occludin and Claudin1 in NCM460 cells induced by LPS. CONCLUSION Cumulatively, our study illustrated that wogonin improved the outcomes of DSS-induced chronic colitis via regulating the plasticity of ILC3/ILC1. Its specific mechanism is to binding to AhR directly, and to activate the AhR pathway indirectly by altering the tryptophan metabolisms of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujuan Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaowei Huang
- Integrative Microecology Clinical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Integrative Microecology Clinical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Shuze Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huiping Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weihao Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zaoxuan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Anjiang Wang
- Integrative Microecology Clinical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Integrative Microecology Clinical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China.
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15
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Jin X, Dong W, Chang K, Yan Y. Research on the signaling pathways related to the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine in Parkinson's disease:A literature review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117850. [PMID: 38331124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting more than 10 million people worldwide and is characterized by the progressive loss of Daergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. It has been reported that signaling pathways play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD, while the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been found to possess a protective effect against PD. TCM has demonstrated significant potential in mitigating oxidative stress (OS), neuroinflammation, and apoptosis of DA neurons via the regulation of signaling pathways associated with PD. AIM OF THE REVIEW This study discussed and analyzed the signaling pathways involved in the occurrence and development of PD and the mechanism of active ingredients of TCM regulating PD via signaling pathways, with the aim of providing a basis for the development and clinical application of therapeutic strategies for TCM in PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS With "Parkinson's disease", "Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease", "Lewy Body Parkinson's Disease", "Parkinson's Disease, Idiopathic", "Parkinson Disease, Idiopathic", "Parkinson's disorders", "Parkinsonism syndrome", "Traditional Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine", "active ingredients", "medicinal plants" as the main keywords, PubMed, Web of Science and other online search engines were used for literature retrieval. RESULTS PD exhibits a close association with various signaling pathways, including but not limited to MAPKs, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/ARE, Wnt/β-catenin, TLR/TRIF, NLRP3, Notch. The therapeutic potential of TCM lies in its ability to regulate these signaling pathways. In addition, the active ingredients of TCM have shown significant effects in improving OS, neuroinflammation, and DA neuron apoptosis in PD. CONCLUSION The active ingredients of TCM have unique advantages in regulating PD-related signaling pathways. It is suggested to combine network pharmacology and bioinformatics to study the specific targets of TCM. This not only provides a new way for the prevention and treatment of PD with the active ingredients of TCM, but also provides a scientific basis for the selection and development of TCM preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Quality Assurance and Sustainable Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Chinese Medicine Resource Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wendi Dong
- Foshan Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Kaile Chang
- Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yongmei Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Quality Assurance and Sustainable Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Chinese Medicine Resource Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Department of Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, China.
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Cristani M, Micale N. Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants as Potential Adjuvants in the Treatment of Mild Acne Vulgaris. Molecules 2024; 29:2394. [PMID: 38792254 PMCID: PMC11124055 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of medicinal plants and phytochemicals as potential treatments for acne vulgaris. This condition, characterized by chronic inflammation, predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Conventional treatment typically targets the key factors contributing to its development: the proliferation of Cutibacterium acnes and the associated inflammation. However, these treatments often involve the use of potent drugs. As a result, the exploration of herbal medicine as a complementary approach has emerged as a promising strategy. By harnessing the therapeutic properties of medicinal plants and phytochemicals, it may be possible to address acne vulgaris while minimizing the reliance on strong drugs. This approach not only offers potential benefits for individuals seeking alternative treatments but also underscores the importance of natural remedies of plant origin in dermatological care. The primary aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of plants and their phytochemical constituents in the management of mild acne vulgaris. A comprehensive search of scientific databases was conducted from 2018 to September 2023. The findings of this review suggest that medicinal plants and their phytochemical components hold promise as treatments for mild acne vulgaris. However, it is crucial to note that further research employing high-quality evidence and standardized methodologies is essential to substantiate their efficacy and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Micale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy;
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Naidu G, Tripathi DK, Nagar N, Mishra A, Poluri KM. Targeting chemokine-receptor mediated molecular signaling by ethnopharmacological approaches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117837. [PMID: 38310985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Infection and inflammation are critical to global human health status and the goal of current pharmacological interventions intends formulating medications/preventives as a measure to deal with this situation. Chemokines and their cognate receptors are major regulatory molecules in many of these ailments. Natural products have been a keen source to the drug development industry, every year contributing significantly to the growing list of FDA approved drugs. A multiverse of natural resource is employed as a part of curative regimen in folk/traditional/ethnomedicine which can be employed to discover, repurpose, and design potent medications for the diseases of clinical concern. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to systematically document the ethnopharmacologically active agents targeting the infectious-inflammatory diseases through the chemokine-receptor nexus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Articles related to chemokine/receptor modulating ethnopharmacological anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious natural sources, bioactive compounds, and formulations have been examined with special emphasis on women related diseases. The available literature has been thoroughly scrutinized for the application of traditional medicines in chemokine associated experimental methods, their regulatory outcomes, and pertinence to women's health wherever applicable. Moreover, the potential traditional regimens under clinical trials have been critically assessed. RESULTS A systematic and comprehensive review on the chemokine-receptor targeting ethnopharmaceutics from the available literature has been provided. The article discusses the implication of traditional medicine in the chemokine system dynamics in diverse infectious-inflammatory disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, allergic diseases, inflammatory diseases, neuroinflammation, and cancer. On this note, critical evaluation of the available data surfaced multiple diseases prevalent in women such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, breast cancer, cervical cancer and urinary tract infection. Currently there is no available literature highlighting chemokine-receptor targeting using traditional medicinal approach from women's health perspective. Moreover, despite being potent in vitro and in vivo setups there remains a gap in clinical translation of these formulations, which needs to be strategically and scientifically addressed to pave the way for their successful industrial translation. CONCLUSIONS The review provides an optimistic global perspective towards the applicability of ethnopharmacology in chemokine-receptor regulated infectious and inflammatory diseases with special emphasis on ailments prevalent in women, consecutively addressing their current status of clinical translation and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutami Naidu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342011, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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18
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Liu H, Yue L, Li Y, Zheng T, Zhang W, Li C, Zhuang W, Fan L. Combination of Polygonatum Rhizoma and Scutellaria baicalensis triggers apoptosis through downregulation of PON 3-induced mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress in A549 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3172-3187. [PMID: 38348599 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) and Polygonatum Rhizoma (PR), two traditional Chinese medicines, are both known to suppress cancer. However, the mechanism and effect of combined treatment of them for lung cancer are rarely known. Investigating the combined effect of SB and PR (hereafter referred to as SP) in potential mechanism of lung cancer is required. This study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of SP on A549 cell growth and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS According to the theory of Chinese medicine and network pharmacology, in the in vivo experiment, a mouse model of carcinoma in situ was constructed, and lung carcinoma in situ tissues were collected for proteomics analysis, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and CK19 immunohistochemistry. In the in vitro experiment, lung cancer A549 cells at logarithmic growth stage were taken, and the inhibitory effect of SP on the proliferation of A549 cells was detected by CCK8 method. The expression of PON3 was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot. In addition, the effect of SP on the induction of apoptosis in A549 cells and the changes of membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content were detected by flow cytometry. The changes of PON3 content in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are observed by laser confocal microscopy, whereas the effects of SP on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and ER stress-related proteins in A549 cells were examined by western blot. RESULT By searching the Traditional Chinese Medicines of Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) (https://www.tcmspe.com/index.php) database and SymMap database, the respective target genes of PR and SB were mapped into protein network interactions, and using Venn diagrams to show 38 genes in common between PR and SB and lung cancer, SP was found to play a role in the treatment of lung cancer. In vivo experiments showed that in a lung carcinoma in situ model, lung tumor tissue was significantly lower in the SP group compared with the control group, and PON3 was shown to be downregulated by lung tissue proteomics analysis. The combination of SP was able to inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner (p < .0001). The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and ER stress proteins were significantly increased and the expression levels of PON3 and anti-apoptosis-related proteins were decreased in A549 cells. At the same time, knockdown of PON3 could inhibit tumor cell proliferation (p < .0001). The combination of different concentrations of SP significantly induced apoptosis in A549 cells (p < .05; p < .0001), increased ROS content (p < .01), and damaged mitochondrial membrane potential of A549 cells (p < .05; p < .0001), and significantly increased the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and ER stress proteins in lung cancer A549 cells. CONCLUSION SP inhibits proliferation of lung cancer A549 cells by downregulating PON3-induced apoptosis in the mitochondrial and ER pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liduo Yue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiansheng Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's, Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqun Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Zhuang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's, Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Oliveira AMS, de Souza Batista D, de Castro TN, Alves IA, Souto RB, Mota MD, Serafini MR, Rajkumar G, Cazedey ECL. The use of natural extracts with photoprotective activity: a 2015-2023 patent prospection. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:853-869. [PMID: 38613600 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00559-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic sunscreen offers protection against excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, and protects the skin from possible damage. However, they have low efficacy against the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are highly reactive molecules that can be generated in the skin when it is exposed to UV radiation, and are known to play a role in oxidative stress, which can contribute to skin aging and damage. Thus, there is an ongoing search for sunscreens that do not have these negative effects. One promising source for these is natural products. Therefore, the current patent review summarizes topical formulations made from natural compounds that have antioxidant properties and can be used as photoprotective or anti-aging agents, either using a single natural extract or a combination of extracts. The review reports basic patent information (applicant country, type of applicant, and year of filing) and gives details about the invention, including its chemical composition, and the in vitro and in vivo tests performed. These patents describe natural products that can be used to protect the skin and validate their efficacy, and safety, in addition to standardizing their formulations. The compositions described illustrate the consistent innovation in the use of natural products to protect against UV damage and photoaging disorders, a promising field which is receiving growing global recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Santos Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Daniel de Souza Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Tailaine Nascimento de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Izabel Almeida Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bizogne Souto
- Department of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Milleno Dantas Mota
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mairim Russo Serafini
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Gomathi Rajkumar
- Department of Botany, Sri Sarada College for Women (Autonomous), Periyar University, Salem, India
| | - Edith Cristina Laignier Cazedey
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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20
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Guo L, Yue M, Ma C, Wang Y, Hou J, Li H. Baicalin reduces inflammation to inhibit lung cancer via targeting SOCS1/NF-κB/STAT3 axis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29361. [PMID: 38628726 PMCID: PMC11019232 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation affects several aspects of lung cancer progression including cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Baicalin, an active component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, exhibits anticancer activity in various cancers. However, the effects of baicalin on lung cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study is to explore the effect and mechanism of baicalin on lung cancer cell A549 and urethane-induced mouse lung cancer. A cell viability assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining assay, Western blot assay, urethane-induced mouse lung cancer model, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and ELISA assay were performed to investigate the effects of baicalin on lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. Network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, gene silencing assays, and LPS-induced inflammation model were utilized to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of baicalin on lung cancer. Baicalin showed significant anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects in vitro; it also inhibited the progression of urethane-induced mouse lung cancer in vivo. Mechanistically, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) was the key determinant for baicalin-induced inhibition of lung cancer. Baicalin increased SOCS1 expression to inactivate the NF-κB/STAT3 pathway to inhibit lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, baicalin reduces inflammation to inhibit lung cancer via targeting SOCS1/NF-κB/STAT3 axis, providing a prospective compound and novel target for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chengyuan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yunjing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jiejie Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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21
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Chen X, Wu H, Li P, Peng W, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang A, Li J, Meng F, Wang W, Su W. Unraveling the Mechanism of Xiaochaihu Granules in Alleviating Yeast-Induced Fever Based on Network Analysis and Experimental Validation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:475. [PMID: 38675434 PMCID: PMC11053540 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Xiaochaihu granules (XCHG) are extensively used to treat fever. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the potential of XCHG in mitigating yeast-induced fever and the underlying metabolic pathways. The chemical composition of XCHG was ascertained using ultra-fast liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS), followed by integrated network analysis to predict potential targets. We then conducted experimental validation using pharmacological assays and metabolomics analysis in a yeast-induced mouse fever model. The study identified 133 compounds in XCHG, resulting in the development of a comprehensive network of herb-compound-biological functional modules. Subsequently, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations confirmed the stability of the complexes, including γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor 2 (GABBR2)-saikosaponin C, prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases (PTGS2)-lobetyolin, and NF-κB inhibitor IκBα (NFKBIA)-glycyrrhizic acid. Animal experiments demonstrated that XCHG reduced yeast-induced elevation in NFKBIA's downstream regulators [interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8], inhibited PTGS2 activity, and consequently decreased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. XCHG also downregulated the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), and adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH). These corroborated the network analysis results indicating XCHG's effectiveness against fever in targeting NFKBIA, PTGS2, and GABBR2. The hypothalamus metabolomics analysis identified 14 distinct metabolites as potential antipyretic biomarkers of XCHG. In conclusion, our findings suggest that XCHG alleviates yeast-induced fever by regulating inflammation/immune responses, neuromodulation, and metabolism modules, providing a scientific basis for the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of XCHG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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22
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Zeng Z, Fu Y, Li M, Shi Y, Ding Q, Chen S. Guben Qingfei decoction attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury by modulating the TLR4/NF-κB and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117674. [PMID: 38154525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening and widespread disease, with exceptionally high morbidity and mortality rates. Unfortunately, effective drugs for ALI treatment are currently lacking. Guben Qingfei decoction (GBQF) is a Chinese herbal compound known for its efficacy in treating viral pneumonia, yet the precise underlying mechanisms remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to validate the mitigating effect of GBQF on ALI and to further investigate its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ALI mice model was established by infusing LPS into the endotracheal tube. The effects of GBQF on ALI were investigated by measuring lung W/D; MPO; BALF total protein concentration; total number of cells; TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels; pathological changes in lung tissue, and oxidation products. Immunohistochemistry and Western Blotting were performed to verify the underlying mechanisms. MH-S and BEAS-2B cells were induced by LPS, and the effects of GBQF were confirmed by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. RESULTS GBQF significantly reduced LPS-induced ALI in mice, improved lung inflammation, reduced the production of oxidative products, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced the degree of lung tissue damage. GBQF prevents MH-S cells from releasing inflammatory factors and reduces oxidative damage to BEAS-2B cells. In vivo studies have delved deeper into the mechanism of action of GBQF, revealing its correlation with the TLR4/NF-κB and Keap1/Nrf2 pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that GBQF is an effective treatment for ALI, providing a new perspective on medication development for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Zeng
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuchen Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Minfang Li
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qi Ding
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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23
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Avdatek F, Güngör Ş, Gülhan MF, İnanç ME, Olğaç KT, Denk B, Yeni D, Taşdemir U. Cryopreservation of ram semen: baicalein efficiency on oxidative stress, chromatin integrity, viability and motility post thaw. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1394273. [PMID: 38645646 PMCID: PMC11027560 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1394273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Baicalein (B) has potential antioxidant properties, but it has not been tested as a ram semen extender. This study aimed to assess the impact of B on various sperm parameters and determine its potential influence on semen quality after the freeze-thawing process. During the breeding season, ejaculates were obtained from four rams with the aid of an artificial vagina. The collected mixed semen samples were divided into four groups: control (C; 0), B0.5 (0.5 mM), B1 (1 mM), and B2 (2 mM). After semen extension, the samples were loaded into 0.25 mL straws and stored for 2 h at 4°C prior to freezing in liquid nitrogen vapor and thawed in a water bath at 37°C. Among the groups, B0.5 demonstrated the highest progressive motility results, while B1 and B2 exhibited reduced motility (p < 0.05). In terms of high mitochondrial membrane potential, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, and viability, B0.5 showed significantly superior outcomes to the other B groups (p < 0.05), although it was not significantly better than C. B1 displayed the highest plasma membrane integrity levels (p < 0.05). Notably, B2 displayed the lowest total antioxidant status levels among the groups (p < 0.05). The findings of this study suggested that the in vitro spermatological characteristics of ram spermatozoa such as progressive motility and chromatin integrity can be protected from the freeze-thawing process by using the 0.5 mM dose of baicalein as a semen extender. The treatment of sperm freezing might benefit from further in-depth research on the role of B in the improvement of cryoinjury and its underlying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Avdatek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Şükrü Güngör
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Fuat Gülhan
- Technical Sciences Vocational School, Department of Aromatic Plants, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Türkiye
| | - Muhammed Enes İnanç
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Türkiye
| | - Kemal Tuna Olğaç
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Barış Denk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Deniz Yeni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Umut Taşdemir
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Türkiye
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24
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Ma Y, Zhou X, Zhang F, Huang C, Yang H, Chen W, Tao X. The effect of scutellaria baicalensis and its active ingredients on major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature in pre-clinical research. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1313871. [PMID: 38572433 PMCID: PMC10987764 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1313871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Scutellaria baicalensis, the dry root of scutellaria baicalensis georgi, is a traditional Chinese medicine with long. In clinic, scutellaria baicalensis is commonly used in prescription for the treatment of depression. Additionally, numerous pre-clinical studies have shown that Scutellaria baicalensis and its active constituents are effective for depression. In this study, we aims to systematically review the roles of scutellaria baicalensis in depression and summarize the possible mechanism. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to analyze the existing studies on the effects of scutellaria baicalensis on depression in animal models. Briefly, we searched electronic databases including Pubmed and Embase for preclinical trial studies from inception to September 2023. The items in each study were evaluated by two independent reviewers, and meta-analyses were performed on scutellaria baicalensis-induced behavioral changes in the study. Finally, random effects model is used to collect data. Results: A total of 49 studies were identified, and 13 studies were included in the final analysis. They all reported the different antidepressant effects of scutellaria baicalensis and the underlying biological mechanisms. Among the included 13 studies, the results of eight articles SPT[SMD = -2.80, 95%CI(-4.03, -1.57), p < 0.01], the results of the nine articles OFT[SMD = -2.38, 95%CI(-3.53, -1.23), p < 0.01], and the results of two articles NSFT[SMD = -2.98, 95%CI(-3.94, -2.02), p < 0.01] were significantly different from the control group. The risk of bias was moderate in all studies, however, there was a significant heterogeneity among studies. Conclusion: These results preliminarily suggest that scutellaria baicalensis can alleviate depressive behaviors and modulate underlying mechanisms, which is expected to be a promising antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiyun Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Su W, Xu F, Zhong J, Hu R, Wang L, Li H, Yang Z, Ge S, He H, Han S, Xie X, Guo H, He L, Liu J, Yi T, Kong Y, Long J. Screening of CPT1A-Targeting Lipid Metabolism Modulators Using Mitochondrial Membrane Chromatography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:13234-13246. [PMID: 38411590 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), which resides on the mitochondrial outer membrane, serves as the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid β-oxidation. Identifying the compounds targeting CPT1A warrants a promising candidate for modulating lipid metabolism. In this study, we developed a CPT1A-overexpressed mitochondrial membrane chromatography (MMC) to screen the compounds with affinity for CPT1A. Cells overexpressing CPT1A were cultured, and subsequently, their mitochondrial membrane was isolated and immobilized on amino-silica gel cross-linked by glutaraldehyde. After packing the mitochondrial membrane column, retention components of MMC were performed with LC/MS, whose analytic peaks provided structural information on compounds that might interact with mitochondrial membrane proteins. With the newly developed MMC-LC/MS approach, several Chinese traditional medicine extracts, such as Scutellariae Radix and Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix (PCRR), were analyzed. Five noteworthy compounds, baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, wogonin, and resveratrol, were identified as enhancers of CPT1A enzyme activity, with resveratrol being a new agonist for CPT1A. The study suggests that MMC serves as a reliable screening system for efficiently identifying modulators targeting CPT1A from complex extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Su
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Fanding Xu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinjin Zhong
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ranrui Hu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lizhuo Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hua Li
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710116, China
| | - Shuai Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710116, China
| | - Huaizhen He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710116, China
| | - Shengli Han
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710116, China
| | - Xiuying Xie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710005, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710116, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266113, China
- Department of Dermatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tao Yi
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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26
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Wu TH, Lin TY, Yang PM, Li WT, Yeh CT, Pan TL. Scutellaria baicalensis Induces Cell Apoptosis and Elicits Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition to Alleviate Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Modulating HSP90β. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3073. [PMID: 38474318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world and shows strong metastatic potential. Current medicine for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy is invalid, while Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi exhibits the pharmaceutical potential to treat liver diseases and liver cancer. Herein, we verified the inhibitory properties and the pivotal molecules regimented by Scutellaria baicalensis on advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. At first, the viability of SK-Hep-1 cells was significantly reduced under treatment of Scutellaria baicalensis extract in a dose-dependent manner without affecting the growth of normal hepatocyte. Scutellaria baicalensis extract application could remarkably cause apoptosis of SK-Hep-1 cells through p53/cytochrome C/poly-ADP ribose polymerase cascades and arrest the cell cycle at the G1/S phase by downregulating cyclin-dependent kinases. Meanwhile, administration of Scutellaria baicalensis extract remarkably attenuated the migration capability as well as suppressed matrix metalloproteinase activity of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The proteome profiles and network analysis particularly implied that exposure to Scutellaria baicalensis extract downregulated the expression of HSP90β, and the clinical stage of hepatocellular carcinoma is also positively correlated with the HSP90β level. Combined treatment of Scutellaria baicalensis extract and HSP90β siRNAs could markedly enhance the ubiquitination activity and the degradation of vimentin to subsequently inhibit the metastatic property of SK-Hep-1 cells. Moreover, application of Scutellaria baicalensis extract and HSP90β siRNAs depleted phosphorylation of AKT, which stimulated the expression of p53 and consecutively triggered cell apoptosis. These findings suggest that HSP90β may be a prospective target for the effective therapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma via accelerating apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and eliciting mesenchymal-epithelial transition with the administration of Scutellaria baicalensis extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Ho Wu
- Surgical Critical Care Division of Cardiovascular Surgical Department, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Yang
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Li
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Lin CH, Chang HJ, Lin MW, Yang XR, Lee CH, Lin CS. Inhibitory Efficacy of Main Components of Scutellaria baicalensis on the Interaction between Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 and Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme II. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2935. [PMID: 38474182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Blocking the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (hACE2) protein serves as a therapeutic strategy for treating COVID-19. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments containing bioactive products could alleviate the symptoms of severe COVID-19. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has complicated the process of developing broad-spectrum drugs. As such, the aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of TCM treatments against SARS-CoV-2 variants through targeting the interaction of the viral spike protein with the hACE2 receptor. Antiviral activity was systematically evaluated using a pseudovirus system. Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) was found to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it mediated the interaction between the viral spike protein and the hACE2 protein. Moreover, the active molecules of S. baicalensis were identified and analyzed. Baicalein and baicalin, a flavone and a flavone glycoside found in S. baicalensis, respectively, exhibited strong inhibitory activities targeting the viral spike protein and the hACE2 protein, respectively. Under optimized conditions, virus infection was inhibited by 98% via baicalein-treated pseudovirus and baicalin-treated hACE2. In summary, we identified the potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors from S. baicalensis that mediate the interaction between the Omicron spike protein and the hACE2 receptor. Future studies on the therapeutic application of baicalein and baicalin against SARS-CoV-2 variants are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Ju Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Wei Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Rui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsiung Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
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Yang X, Zheng S, Wang X, Wang J, Ali Shah SB, Wang Y, Gao R, Xu Z. Advances in pharmacology, biosynthesis, and metabolic engineering of Scutellaria-specialized metabolites. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:302-318. [PMID: 36581326 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2149386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Scutellaria Linn., which belongs to the family Lamiaceae, is a commonly used medicinal plant for heat clearing and detoxification. In particular, the roots of S. baicalensis and the entire herb of S. barbata have been widely used in traditional medicine for thousands of years. The main active components of Scutellaria, including: baicalein, wogonin, norwogonin, scutellarein, and their glycosides have potential or existing drug usage. However, the wild resources of Scutellaria plants have been overexploited, and degenerated germplasm resources cannot fulfill the requirements of chemical extraction and clinical usage. Metabolic engineering and green production via microorganisms provide alternative strategies for greater efficiency in the production of natural products. Here, we review the progress of: pharmacological investigations, multi-omics, biosynthetic pathways, and metabolic engineering of various Scutellaria species and their active compounds. In addition, based on multi-omics data, we systematically analyze the phylogenetic relationships of Scutellaria and predict candidate transcription factors related to the regulation of active flavonoids. Finally, we propose the prospects of directed evolution of core enzymes and genome-assisted breeding to alleviate the shortage of plant resources of Scutellaria. This review provides important insights into the sustainable utilization and development of Scutellaria resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Sihao Zheng
- China National Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Syed Basit Ali Shah
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ranran Gao
- The Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Xu Y, Li Y, Chen G, Fan M, Hu G, Guo M. Screening and identification of potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic compounds from aqueous extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi root combing affinity ultrafiltration with multiple drug targets and in silico analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:239-253. [PMID: 37779216 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely applied to treat various diseases among people, especially in East Asia. However, the specific active compounds in S. baicalensis aqueous extracts (SBAEs) responsible for the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties as well as their potential mechanisms of action remain unclear. OBJECTIVES This work aimed to explore the potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic compounds from SBAE and their potential mechanisms of action. METHODOLOGY The in vitro inhibitory tests against lipase and α-glucosidase, and the effects of SBAE on glucose consumption and total triglyceride content in HepG2 cells were first performed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Then, affinity ultrafiltration liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) screening strategy with five drug targets, including α-glucosidase, α-amylase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), lipase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) was developed to screen out the potential active constituents from SBAE, and some representative active compounds were further validated. RESULTS SBAE displayed noteworthy hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties, and 4, 10, 4, 8, and 8 potential bioactive components against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, PTP1B, HMGCR, and lipase were initially screened out, respectively. The interaction network was thus constructed between the potential bioactive compounds screened out and their corresponding drug targets. Among them, baicalein, wogonin, and wogonoside were revealed to possess remarkable hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. CONCLUSION The potential hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic bioactive compounds in SBAE and their mode of action were initially explored through ligand-target interactions by combining affinity ultrafiltration LC-MS strategy with five drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Minxia Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangwan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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30
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Sharawi ZW, Ibrahim IM, Abd-Alhameed EK, Althagafy HS, Jaber FA, Harakeh S, Hassanein EHM. Baicalin and lung diseases. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1405-1419. [PMID: 37725153 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Studies focusing on natural products have been conducted worldwide, and the results suggest that their natural ingredients effectively treat a wide range of illnesses. Baicalin (BIA) is a glycoside derived from the flavonoid baicalein present in Scutellaria baicalensis of the Lamiaceae family. Interestingly, BIA has been shown to protect the lungs in several animal models used in numerous studies. Therefore, we fully analyzed the data of the studies that focused on BIA's lung protective function against various injuries and included them in this review. Interestingly, BIA exhibits promising effects against acute lung injury, lung fibrosis, pulmonary embolism, and lung remodelling associated with COPD, LPS, and paraquat insecticide. BAI exhibits anticancer activity against lung cancer. Additionally, BIA potently attenuates lung damage associated with infections. BIA primarily exerts its therapeutic effects by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress immune response, and apoptosis pathways. Nrf2/HO-1, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, STAT3, MAPKs, TLR4, and NLRP3 are important targets in the pulmonary therapeutic effects of BIA on different lung disease models. Consequently, we recommend using it in future potential clinical applications, its contribution to treatment guidelines, and translating its promising effects to clinical practice in lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina W Sharawi
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Esraa K Abd-Alhameed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanan S Althagafy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima A Jaber
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Yousef Abdul Lateef Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.
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PING Y, LIU J, WANG H, WANG Y, QIU H, ZHANG Y. Research progress in the treatment of an immune system disease-type 1 diabetes-by regulating the intestinal flora with Chinese medicine and food homologous drugs. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2024; 43:150-161. [PMID: 38966054 PMCID: PMC11220337 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a specific autoimmune disease related to genetic and autoimmune factors. Recent studies have found that the intestinal flora is one of the important environmental factors in the development of T1D. The gut microbiota is the largest microbiota in the human body and has a significant impact on material and energy metabolism. Related studies have found that the intestinal floras of T1D patients are unbalanced. Compared with normal patients, the abundance of beneficial bacteria is reduced, and various pathogenic bacteria are significantly increased, affecting the occurrence and development of diabetes. Medicinal and food homologous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a multicomponent, multitarget, and biphasic regulatory effect. Its chemical composition can increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, improve the diversity of the intestinal flora, reduce blood sugar, and achieve the purpose of preventing and treating T1D by regulating the intestinal flora and its metabolites. Therefore, based on a review of T1D, intestinal flora, and TCM derived from medicine and food, this review describes the relationship between T1D and the intestinal flora, as well as the research progress of TCM interventions for T1D through regulation of the intestinal flora. Medicine and food homologous TCM has certain advantages in treating diabetes and regulating the intestinal flora. It can be seen that there is still great research space and broad development prospects for the treatment of diabetes by regulating the intestinal flora with drug and food homologous TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang PING
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007,
Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiamusi
154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianing LIU
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007,
Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huilin WANG
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007,
Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan WANG
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007,
Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongbin QIU
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007,
Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu ZHANG
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007,
Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiamusi
154007, Heilongjiang, China
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Wu JW, Zhao ZY, Hu RC, Huang YF. Genome-wide identification, stress- and hormone-responsive expression characteristics, and regulatory pattern analysis of Scutellaria baicalensis SbSPLs. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:20. [PMID: 38363403 PMCID: PMC10873456 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKEs (SPLs) encode plant-specific transcription factors that regulate plant growth and development, stress response, and metabolite accumulation. However, there is limited information on Scutellaria baicalensis SPLs. In this study, 14 SbSPLs were identified and divided into 8 groups based on phylogenetic relationships. SbSPLs in the same group had similar structures. Abscisic acid-responsive (ABRE) and MYB binding site (MBS) cis-acting elements were found in the promoters of 8 and 6 SbSPLs. Segmental duplications and transposable duplications were the main causes of SbSPL expansion. Expression analysis based on transcriptional profiling showed that SbSPL1, SbSPL10, and SbSPL13 were highly expressed in roots, stems, and flowers, respectively. Expression analysis based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT‒qPCR) showed that most SbSPLs responded to low temperature, drought, abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), among which the expression levels of SbSPL7/9/10/12 were significantly upregulated in response to abiotic stress. These results indicate that SbSPLs are involved in the growth, development and stress response of S. baicalensis. In addition, 8 Sba-miR156/157 s were identified, and SbSPL1-5 was a potential target of Sba-miR156/157 s. The results of target gene prediction and coexpression analysis together indicated that SbSPLs may be involved in the regulation of L-phenylalanine (L-Phe), lignin and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. In summary, the identification and characterization of the SbSPL gene family lays the foundation for functional research and provides a reference for improved breeding of S. baicalensis stress resistance and quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Zi-Yi Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Ren-Chuan Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Yun-Feng Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China.
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He X, Chen X, Yang Y, Xie Y, Liu Y. Medicinal plants for epileptic seizures: Phytoconstituents, pharmacology and mechanisms revisited. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117386. [PMID: 37956914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that presents with recurring and spontaneous seizures. It is prevalent worldwide, affecting up to 65 million people, with 80% of cases found in lower-income countries. Medicinal plants are commonly employed for managing and treating epilepsy and convulsions due to their unique therapeutic properties. With increasing research and clinical application, medicinal plants are gaining attention globally due to their potent therapeutic effects and fewer side effects. The development of new plant-based antiepileptic/anticonvulsant agents has become a major focus in the pharmaceutical industry. AIM OF THE REVIEW This article summarizes recent research on medicinal plants with reported antiepileptic/anticonvulsant effects. It provides pharmacological and molecular mechanism of action information for the crude extracts and related active constituents evaluated in preclinical research for the treatment of epilepsy and convulsions, and offers a reference for the development of future related studies in this area. MATERIALS AND METHODS Articles related to ethnopharmacological and antiepileptic studies on plants or natural products from 2018 to 2023 were collected from PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, etc. using keywords related to epilepsy, medicinal plants, and natural products, etc. RESULTS: Eighty plant species are commonly used to treat epilepsy and convulsions in African and Asian countries. Sixty natural products showing potential for antiepileptic/anticonvulsant effects have been identified from these medicinal plants. These products can be broadly classified as alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and other compounds. The antiepileptic action of plant extracts and their active ingredients can be classified according to their abilities to modulate the GABAergic and glutamatergic systems, act as antioxidants, exhibit anti-neuroinflammatory effects, and provide neuroprotection. In addition, we highlight that some medicinal plants capable of pharmacologically relieving epilepsy and cognition may be therapeutically useful in the treatment of refractory epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS The review highlights the fact that herbal medicinal products used in traditional medicine are a valuable source of potential candidates for antiepileptic drugs. This confirms and encourages the antiepileptic/anticonvulsant activity of certain medicinal plants, which could serve as inspiration for further development. However, the aspects of structural modification and optimization, metabolism, toxicology, mechanisms, and clinical trials are not fully understood and need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui He
- Shool of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, China.
| | - Xufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Western Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology, Northwest University, 710065, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Shool of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, China
| | - Yulu Xie
- Shool of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Shool of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, China
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Jo HG, Baek CY, Song HS, Lee D. Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verifications to Discover Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi's Effects on Joint Inflammation, Destruction, and Pain in Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2127. [PMID: 38396803 PMCID: PMC10889325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis, characterized by joint pain and a decline in physiological function. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SB) is potentially effective against osteoarthritis because of its wide range of anti-inflammatory pharmacological activities. This study aimed to identify the mode of action of SB against osteoarthritis using network pharmacology prediction and experimental verification. Networks were constructed to key compounds, hub targets, and pathways essential for SB's effectiveness against osteoarthritis. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro tests were performed, including investigations on weight bearing in hind limbs, the acetic acid-induced writhing response, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and serum cytokine responses. We identified 15 active compounds and 14 hub targets, supporting the anti-osteoarthritis effects of SB. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis indicated that fluid shear stress, atherosclerosis, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling, and cellular senescence pathways were important. SB showed substantial anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and joint tissue-protective effects against osteoarthritis. Our study shows that SB has the potential value to be further investigated as a candidate material for the treatment of osteoarthritis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Geun Jo
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea; (H.-G.J.); (C.-Y.B.)
- Naturalis Inc., 6 Daewangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13549, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Yun Baek
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea; (H.-G.J.); (C.-Y.B.)
| | - Ho Sueb Song
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghun Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea; (H.-G.J.); (C.-Y.B.)
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Nilofar N, Zengin G, Acar M, Bouyayha A, Youssra A, Eldahshan O, Fayez S, Fahmy N. Assessing the Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Pentapleura subulifera and Cyclotrichium glabrescens Extracts. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301651. [PMID: 38016080 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The Lamiaceae family, encompassing diverse plant species, holds significant value in food, medicine, and cosmetics. Within this family, Pentapleura subulifera and Cyclotrichium glabrescens, relatively unexplored species, were investigated for their chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme-inhibiting effects. The chemical composition of hexane, methanolic, and aqueous extracts from P. subulifera and C. glabrescens were analyzed using LC-ESI-MS/MS and the non-polar hexane fraction was investigated via GC-MS. The antioxidant potential of the extracts was determined through radical scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating assays. Additionally, inhibitory activity against six enzymes - acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, amylase, and glucosidase - was examined. The aqueous extract of P. subulifera and the methanolic extract of C. glabrescens exhibited elevated phenolic content at 129.47 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 55.97 mg GAE/g, respectively. Chemical profiling of the constituents of the two plant species resulted in the identification of a total of twenty compounds. The majority of which belonged to flavonoids and quinic acid derivatives, primarily concentrated in the methanol and aqueous extracts. Among all antioxidant assays, the aqueous extracts of P. subulifera demonstrated superior antioxidant activity, with the highest recorded activity of 404.93 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g in the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) test. Meanwhile, the hexane extract of C. glabrescens exhibited the highest AChE inhibitory activity at 2.71 mg galanthamine equivalent (GALAE)/g, followed by the methanol extract of P. subulifera at 2.41 mg GALAE/g. These findings unequivocally establish the notable antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity of P. subulifera and C. glabrescens extracts, underscoring their potential as a source of valuable natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilofar Nilofar
- Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mikail Acar
- Munzur University, Department of Plant and Animal Production, Tunceli Vocational School of Higher Education, Tunceli, 62000, Turkey
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyayha
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, 10106, Morocco
| | - Aalilou Youssra
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, 10106, Morocco
| | - Omayma Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Fayez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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Kuhnert L, Kuhnert R, Sárosi MB, Lakoma C, Scholz BK, Lönnecke P, Hey‐Hawkins E, Honscha W. Enhanced reversal of ABCG2-mediated drug resistance by replacing a phenyl ring in baicalein with a meta-carborane. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:280-290. [PMID: 37727134 PMCID: PMC10850795 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Success of chemotherapy is often hampered by multidrug resistance. One mechanism for drug resistance is the elimination of anticancer drugs through drug transporters, such as breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP; also known as ABCG2), and causes a poor 5-year survival rate of human patients. Co-treatment of chemotherapeutics and natural compounds, such as baicalein, is used to prevent chemotherapeutic resistance but is limited by rapid metabolism. Boron-based clusters as meta-carborane are very promising phenyl mimetics to increase target affinity; we therefore investigated the replacement of a phenyl ring in baicalein by a meta-carborane to improve its affinity towards the human ABCG2 efflux transporter. Baicalein strongly inhibited the ABCG2-mediated efflux and caused a fivefold increase in mitoxantrone cytotoxicity. Whereas the baicalein derivative 5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone inhibited ABCG2 efflux activity in a concentration of 5 μm without reversing mitoxantrone resistance, its carborane analogue 5,6,7-trimethoxyborcalein significantly enhanced the inhibitory effects in nanomolar ranges (0.1 μm) and caused a stronger increase in mitoxantrone toxicity reaching similar values as Ko143, a potent ABCG2 inhibitor. Overall, in silico docking and in vitro studies demonstrated that the modification of baicalein with meta-carborane and three methoxy substituents leads to an enhanced reversal of ABCG2-mediated drug resistance. Thus, this seems to be a promising basis for the development of efficient ABCG2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kuhnert
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and ToxicologyUniversität LeipzigGermany
| | - Robert Kuhnert
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversität LeipzigGermany
| | - Menyhárt B. Sárosi
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgGermany
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WürzburgGermany
| | - Cathleen Lakoma
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and ToxicologyUniversität LeipzigGermany
| | - Birte K. Scholz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and ToxicologyUniversität LeipzigGermany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversität LeipzigGermany
| | - Evamarie Hey‐Hawkins
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversität LeipzigGermany
| | - Walther Honscha
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and ToxicologyUniversität LeipzigGermany
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Guan Y, Tang G, Li L, Shu J, Zhao Y, Huang L, Tang J. Herbal medicine and gut microbiota: exploring untapped therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disease management. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:146-164. [PMID: 38225532 PMCID: PMC10830735 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota that exists in the human gastrointestinal tract is incredibly important for the maintenance of general health as it contributes to multiple aspects of host physiology. Recent research has revealed a dynamic connection between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, that can influence neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Indeed, imbalances in the gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, play a vital role in the pathogenesis and progression of human diseases, particularly NDs. Herbal medicine has been used for centuries to treat human diseases, including NDs. These compounds help to relieve symptoms and delay the progression of NDs by improving intestinal barrier function, reducing neuroinflammation, and modulating neurotransmitter production. Notably, herbal medicine can mitigate the progression of NDs by regulating the gut microbiota. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the potential mechanisms by which herbal medicine regulates the gut microbiota in the treatment of NDs can help explain the pathogenesis of NDs from a novel perspective and propose novel therapeutic strategies for NDs. In this review, we investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of herbal medicine, focusing on its ability to regulate the gut microbiota and restore homeostasis. We also highlight the challenges and future research priorities of the integration of herbal medicine and modern medicine. As the global population ages, access to this information is becoming increasingly important for developing effective treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Guan
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Guohua Tang
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jianzhong Shu
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China.
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Ma MY, Niu XJ, Wang Q, Wang SM, Li X, Zhang SH. Evidence and possible mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis and its bioactive compounds for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. Ann Med 2024; 55:2247004. [PMID: 38232757 PMCID: PMC10795786 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2247004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicines have been reported to have outstanding effects in the treating of hepatocellular carcinoma. Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) has demonstrated anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Baicalein, wogonin, and baicalin are the main pharmacologically bioactive compounds of S. baicalensis. METHODS Eight electronic databases were searched to select articles published from their inception to 30 May 2022. For selected articles, clinical and preclinical data was obtained on the use of S. baicalensis and its bioactive compounds in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan version 5.3 and Stata software. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using Cochrane and Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE)'s risk of bias tools. RESULTS Seven clinical and 17 preclinical in vivo studies along with 31 in vitro studies were included in this research. Meta-analysis showed that a Chinese herbal medicine preparation, with S. baicalensis as the sovereign herb, combined with Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or primary treatment, could lead to a significantly improved tumor objective response rate (Risk ratio (RR) = 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): [1.30, 1.90], p < 0.00001). Scutellaria baicalensis-based extracts (standard mean difference (SMD) = -0.86, 95%CI: [-1.20, -0.53], p < 0.00001), baicalein (SMD = -4.80, 95%CI: [-6.66, - 2.95], p < 0.00001), baicalin (SMD = -2.28, 95%CI [-3.26, -1.30], p < 0.00001) and wogonin (SMD = -1.41, 95%CI [-2.26, -0.57], p < 0.00001) slowed tumor growth in vivo. These outcomes might be linked to the mechanism by which S. baicalensis promotes apoptosis, induces autophagy, and blocks the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Based on experimental and clinical evidence, we believe that S. baicalensis and its bioactive compounds have therapeutic potential and plausible mechanisms of action against hepatocellular carcinoma, in terms of efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Ma
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ji Niu
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou-Mei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang S, Lv H, Cai X, Tang S, Zhong R, Chen L, Zhang H. Effects of the compound extracts of Caprifoliaceae and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on the intestinal microbiota and antioxidant function. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1289490. [PMID: 38282732 PMCID: PMC10822692 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the Chinese encyclopedia "Ben Cao Gang Mu" (AD 1552-1578), Caprifoliaceae and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi are used in traditional Chinese medicine to clear heat, detoxify, and treat wind-heat colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and pneumonia. However, the mechanism and the effects of the compound extracts of Caprifoliaceae and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on intestinal health remain unclear. From the perspective of intestinal microbes, this study assessed the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and intestinal protective properties of Caprifoliaceae and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Mice received diets with or without Caprifoliaceae and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extractive (BCA) for 2 weeks in this study. The results showed that BCA increased body weight gain, feed intake, and catalase (CAT) content in the mice but reduced γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) content in the serum (p < 0.05). BCA improved the Sobs, Chao, and Ace indices, as well as the number of Campylobacterota, Patercibacteria, and Desulfobacterota in the colon microbiota, while it decreased the Firmicutes phylum (p < 0.05). At the genus level, BCA increased Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Helicobacter, unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, Alistipes, norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadinBB60_group, norank_f_Ruminococcaceae, unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae, etc. abundance (p < 0.05), but it significantly decreased Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_001 abundance (p < 0.05). Moreover, BCA improved the concentration of acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid and diminished the concentration of isobutyric acid (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis shows that the changes in short-chain fatty acids and antioxidant and inflammatory indices in the serum were significantly correlated with the BCA-enriched microbiota. This study supplemented a database for the application of Caprifoliaceae and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in clinical and animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyuan Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Cai
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanlong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhou P, Zuo L, Liu C, Xiong B, Li Z, Zhou X, Yue H, Jia Q, Zheng T, Zou J, Du S, Chen D, Sun Z. Unraveling spatial metabolome of the aerial and underground parts of Scutellaria baicalensis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155259. [PMID: 38096718 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a traditional Chinese medicine, is clinically applied mainly as the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis, and the aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis, its stems and leaves, are often consumed as "Scutellaria baicalensis tea" to clear heat, dry dampness, reduce fire and detoxify, while few comparative analyses of the spatial metabolome of the aerial and underground parts of Scutellaria baicalensis have been carried out in current research. METHODS In this work, Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was used to visualize the spatial imaging of the root, stem, and leaf of Scutellaria baicalensis at a high resolution of 10 μm, respectively, investigating the spatial distribution of the different secondary metabolites in the aerial and underground parts of Scutellaria baicalensis. RESULTS In the present results, various metabolites, such as flavonoid glycosides, flavonoid metabolites, and phenolic acids, were systematically characterized in Scutellaria baicalensis root, stem, and leaf. Nine glycosides, 18 flavonoids, one organic acid, and four other metabolites in Scutellaria baicalensis root; nine glycosides, nine flavonoids, one organic acid in Scutellaria baicalensis stem; and seven flavonoids and seven glycosides in Scutellaria baicalensis leaf were visualized by MALDI-MSI. In the underground part of Scutellaria baicalensis, baicalein, wogonin, baicalin, wogonoside, and chrysin were widely distributed, while there was less spatial location in the aerial parts. Moreover, scutellarein, carthamidin/isocarthamidin, scutellarin, carthamidin/isocarthamidin-7-O-glucuronide had a high distribution in the aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis. In addition, the biosynthetic pathways involved in the biosynthesis of significant flavonoid metabolites in aerial and underground parts of Scutellaria baicalensis were successfully localized and visualized. CONCLUSIONS MALDI-MSI offers a favorable approach for investigating the spatial distribution and effective utilization of metabolites of Scutellaria baicalensis. The detailed spatial chemical information can not only improve our understanding of the biosynthesis pathways of flavonoid metabolites, but more importantly, suggest that we need to fully exert the overall medicinal value of Scutellaria baicalensis, strengthening the reuse and development of the resources of Scutellaria baicalensis aboveground parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Precision Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lihua Zuo
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Precision Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Oral Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baolin Xiong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuolun Li
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Precision Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhou
- Intelligene Biosystems (QingDao) Co. Ltd., Shangdong Province, China
| | - Heying Yue
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Precision Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingquan Jia
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Precision Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianyuan Zheng
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Precision Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Precision Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuzhang Du
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Precision Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Di Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zhi Sun
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Precision Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
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Wang J, Wu Z, Chen X, Sun Y, Ma S, Weng J, Zhang Y, Dong K, Shao J, Zheng S. Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Scutellaria baicalensis in the Treatment of Liver Fibrosis. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:1326-1340. [PMID: 38616754 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128297074240327090020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria Baicalensis (SB), one of the clinical firstline heat-clearing drugs, has obvious symptomatic advantages for hepatic fibrosis with dampness-heat stasis as its syndrome. We aim to predict and validate the potential mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis active ingredients against liver fibrosis more scientifically and effectively. METHODS The underlying mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis in inhibiting hepatic fibrosis was studied by applying network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Expression levels of markers in activated Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSC) after administration of three Scutellaria baicalensis extracts were determined by Western blot and Real-time PCR, respectively, in order to verify the anti-fibrosis effect of the active ingredients Results: There are 164 common targets of drugs and diseases screened and 115 signaling pathways obtained, which were mainly associated with protein phosphorylation, senescence and negative regulation of the apoptotic process. Western blot and Real-time PCR showed that Scutellaria baicalensis extracts could reduce the expression of HSC activation markers, and Oroxylin A had the strongest inhibitory effect on it. Molecular docking results showed that Oroxylin A had high binding activity to target proteins. Molecular dynamics simulation demonstrates promising stability of the Oroxylin A-AKT1 complex over the simulated MD time of 200 ns. CONCLUSION Scutellaria baicalensis active ingredients may inhibit HSC proliferation, reduce the generation of pro-inflammatory factors and block the anti-inflammatory effect of inflammatory signal transduction by inducing HSC apoptosis and senescence, thus achieving the effect of anti-fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuoqing Wu
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyao Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingdan Weng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Keke Dong
- PharmaBlock Sciences (Nanjing), Inc, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Yi Y, Yu R, Xue H, Jin Z, Zhang M, Bao YO, Wang Z, Wei H, Qiao X, Yang H. Chrysin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide, a dual inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro and PL pro, for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 63:107039. [PMID: 37981073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Given the advent of subvariants, there is an urgent need to develop novel drugs. The aim of this study was to find SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi targeting the proteases 3CLpro and PLpro. After screening 25 flavonoids, chrysin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide was found to be a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 on Vero E6 cells, with half-maximal effective concentration of 8.72 µM. Surface plasmon resonance assay, site-directed mutagenesis and enzymatic activity measurements indicated that chrysin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by binding to H41 of 3CLpro, and K157 and E167 of PLpro. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry analysis showed that chrysin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide changes the conformation of PLpro. Finally, chrysin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide was shown to have anti-inflammatory activity, mainly due to reduction of the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengtong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Oujie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongping Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
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Jasemi SV, Khazaei H, Morovati MR, Joshi T, Aneva IY, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Phytochemicals as treatment for allergic asthma: Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 122:155149. [PMID: 37890444 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease caused by the immune system's reaction to allergens, inflammation and narrowing of the airways, and the production of more than normal mucus. One of the main reasons is an increased production of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs that leads to the appearance of symptoms of asthma, including inflammation and shortness of breath. On the other hand, it has been proven that phytochemicals with their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties can be useful in improving allergic asthma. PURPOSE Common chemical treatments for allergic asthma include corticosteroids, which have many side effects and temporarily relieve symptoms but are not a cure. Therefore, taking the help of natural compounds to improve the quality of life of asthmatic patients can be a valuable issue that has been evaluated in the present review. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, three databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane) with the keywords: allergic asthma, phytochemical, plant, and herb were evaluated. The primary result was 5307 articles. Non-English, repetitive, and review articles were deleted from the study. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Finally, after carefully reading the articles, 102 were included in the study (2006-2022). The results of this review state that phytochemicals suppress the inflammatory pathways via inhibition of inflammatory cytokines production/secretion, genes, and proteins involved in the inflammation process, reducing oxidative stress indicators and symptoms of allergic asthma, such as cough and mucus production in the lungs. CONCLUSION With their antioxidant effects, this study concluded that phytochemicals suppress cytokines and other inflammatory indicators and thus can be considered an adjunctive treatment for improving allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Vahid Jasemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hosna Khazaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Morovati
- Persian Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
| | - Tanuj Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhimtal, Kumaun University (Nainital), Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ina Yosifova Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Zheng Y, Yang K, Shen J, Chen X, He C, Xiao P. Huangqin Tea Total Flavonoids-Gut Microbiota Interactions: Based on Metabolome and Microbiome Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:4410. [PMID: 38137214 PMCID: PMC10742805 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Huangqin tea (HQT), a Non-Camellia Tea derived from the aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis, is widely used in the north of China. The intervention effects of HQT on intestinal inflammation and tumors have been found recently, but the active ingredient and mechanism of action remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the interactions between the potential flavonoid active components and gut microbiota through culture experiments in vitro combined with HPLC-UV, UPLC-QTOF-MS, and 16S rDNA sequencing technology. The results showed that the HQT total flavonoids were mainly composed of isocarthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, carthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, scutellarin, and others, which interact closely with gut microbiota. After 48 h, the primary flavonoid glycosides transformed into corresponding aglycones with varying degrees of deglycosylation. The composition of the intestinal microbiota was changed significantly. The beneficial bacteria, such as Enterococcus and Parabacteroides, were promoted, while the harmful bacteria, such as Shigella, were inhibited. The functional prediction results have indicated notable regulatory effects exerted by total flavonoids and scutellarin on various pathways, including purine metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, among others, to play a role in the intervention of inflammation and tumor-related diseases. These findings provided valuable insights for further in-depth research and investigation of the active ingredients, metabolic processes, and mechanisms of HQT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zheng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Y.); (X.C.); (P.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilisation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Y.); (X.C.); (P.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilisation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Shen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China;
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Y.); (X.C.); (P.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilisation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunnian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Y.); (X.C.); (P.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilisation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Y.); (X.C.); (P.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilisation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
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Wilczańska A, Sparzak-Stefanowska B, Kokotkiewicz A, Jesionek A, Królicka A, Łuczkiewicz M, Krauze-Baranowska M. Biotechnological strategies for controlled accumulation of flavones in hairy root culture of Scutellaria lateriflora L. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20422. [PMID: 37990031 PMCID: PMC10663461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of medicinally important flavones and acteoside was evaluated in Scutellaria lateriflora hairy root cultures subjected to different experimental strategies - feeding with precursors of phenolics biosynthesis (phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, and sodium cinnamate), addition of elicitors (chitosan, jasmonic acid) and Amberlite XAD-4 and XAD-7 resins and permeabilization with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methanol. The production profile of S. lateriflora cultures changed under the influence of the applied strategies. Hairy roots of S. lateriflora were found to be a rich source of wogonoside or wogonin, depending on the treatment used. The addition of sodium cinnamate (1.0 mg/L) was the most effective approach to provide high production of flavonoids, especially wogonoside (4.41% dry weight /DW/; 566.78 mg/L). Permeabilization with DMSO (2 µg/ml for 12 h) or methanol (30% for 12 h) resulted in high biosynthesis of wogonin (299.77 mg/L and 274.03 mg/L, respectively). The obtained results provide new insight into the selection of the optimal growth conditions for the production of in vitro biomass with a significant level of flavone accumulation. The data may be valuable for designing large-scale cultivation systems of hairy roots of S. lateriflora with high productivity of bioactive compounds - wogonin or wogonoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Wilczańska
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Barbara Sparzak-Stefanowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam Kokotkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Jesionek
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Królicka
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Łuczkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Feng Y, Zhu P, Wu D, Deng W. A Network Pharmacology Prediction and Molecular Docking-Based Strategy to Explore the Potential Pharmacological Mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus for Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16306. [PMID: 38003496 PMCID: PMC10671347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma treatment in traditional Chinese medicine has a lengthy history. Astragalus membranaceus, a traditional Chinese herb that is frequently utilized in therapeutic practice, is a component of many Traditional Chinese Medicine formulas that have been documented to have anti-glioma properties. Uncertainty persists regarding the molecular mechanism behind the therapeutic effects. Based on results from network pharmacology and molecular docking, we thoroughly identified the molecular pathways of Astragalus membranaceus' anti-glioma activities in this study. According to the findings of the enrichment analysis, 14 active compounds and 343 targets were eliminated from the screening process. These targets were mainly found in the pathways in cancer, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, protein phosphorylation, inflammatory response, positive regulation of phosphorylation, and inflammatory mediator regulation of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels. The results of molecular docking showed that the active substances isoflavanone and 1,7-Dihydroxy-3,9-dimethoxy pterocarpene have strong binding affinities for the respective targets ESR2 and PTGS2. In accordance with the findings of our investigation, Astragalus membranaceus active compounds exhibit a multicomponent and multitarget synergistic therapeutic impact on glioma by actively targeting several targets in various pathways. Additionally, we propose that 1,7-Dihydroxy-3,9-dimethoxy pterocarpene and isoflavanone may be the main active ingredients in the therapy of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518107, China;
- Computer Aided Drug Discovery Center, Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai 519003, China;
| | - Peng Zhu
- Computer Aided Drug Discovery Center, Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai 519003, China;
| | - Dong Wu
- Computer Aided Drug Discovery Center, Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai 519003, China;
| | - Wenbin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518107, China;
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Gong Q, Wang Y, Wang X, Pan H, Yan C. Baicalein promotes the microglia M2 polarization and suppresses apoptosis by targeting HMOX1/PDE4D to alleviate Alzheimer's disease. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152761. [PMID: 38006681 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that has quickly becoming one of the most expensive, lethal, and burdening diseases of this century. In the past twenty years, hundreds of drugs have been tested while only several have been authorized by FDA for AD treatment, hence, searching for candidate agent with therapeutic potential for AD is imminent. Controlling polarization direction of microglia is crucial in AD therapy. Recent research suggests that baicalein has potential to reduce neuroinflammation and prevent neurodegenerative diseases by affecting microglia, while the specific molecular mechanism of baicalein in regulating microglia in the treatment of AD is still unclear. In this study, we investigated how baicalein affected microglial polarization in AD and potential biological mechanisms. In cell experiments, it was verified that baicalein significantly shifted the BV-2 microglia phenotype from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, inhibited the microglial apoptosis and pro-inflammatory factors, promoted the microglial Aβ uptake and anti-inflammatory factors after LPS stimulated. In APP/PS1 mice, it was found that baicalein decreased the Aβ plaque deposition in brain, attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and neuronal apoptosis in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and experiment validated that HMOX1 is a target of baicalein, and we elucidated that baicalein modulated the microglial polarization to inhibit neuroinflammation and neural injury through targeting on the HMOX1/PDE4D axis in AD. In conclusion, our findings indicate the therapeutic effect of baicalein for AD, and baicalein might serve a potential agent for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Gong
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Haiyan Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China
| | - Ci Yan
- Departments of Psychiatry, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310000, China.
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Zhang X, Yang SB, Cheng L, Ho K, Kim MS. Botanical Mixture Containing Nitric Oxide Metabolite Enhances Neural Plasticity to Improve Cognitive Impairment in a Vascular Dementia Rat Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:4381. [PMID: 37892455 PMCID: PMC10609983 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD), caused by impaired cerebral blood flow, is the most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the elderly and is characterized by severe neuronal damage and cognitive decline. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important determinant of vascular homeostasis, and its deficiency is associated with the progression of VD. In this study, we investigated the role of nitrite ion, a NO metabolite in a botanical mixture (BM) of fermented garlic, fermented Scutellaria baicalensis, and Rhodiola rosea on neuron loss and cognitive impairment using a VD rat model. The BM containing the NO metabolite alleviated cognitive deficits and enhanced neural plasticity, as reflected by an increase in long-term potentiation. The BM also alleviated neuron apoptosis, decreased GFAP expression, and oxidative stress, and increased parvalbumin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. These results indicate that BM exerts neuroprotective effects and alleviates cognitive dysfunction while enhancing neuroplasticity, and thus has therapeutic potential against VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
- Center for Cognitive Science and Transdisciplinary Studies, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
- Center for Nitric Oxide Metabolite, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Bum Yang
- Department of Medical Non-Commissioned Officer, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Lin Cheng
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Koo Ho
- Center for Nitric Oxide Metabolite, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Center for Nitric Oxide Metabolite, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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Yi D, Wen X, Xu W, Xu Y, Deng X, Yan G, Wu L, Liang Q, Liang Z, Peng J, He J. Development of an amoxicillin-radix scutellaria extract formulation and evaluation of its pharmacokinetics in pigs. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:164. [PMID: 37726783 PMCID: PMC10507961 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new antibacterial compound powder of amoxicillin (AMO)/Radix Scutellaria extract (RSE) was developed, and its pharmacokinetics were determined in pigs following oral administration. RESULTS The MIC ranges of AMO against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus were 1-8 μg/mL, 0.5-4 μg/mL and 0.5-64 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC ranges of RSE against E. coli, S. aureus, and Streptococcus were greater than 2.5 mg/mL, 0.156-2.5 mg/mL, and greater than 2.5 mg/mL, respectively. For S. aureus, the combined drug susceptibility test showed that AMO and RSE had an additive or synergistic effect. The results of compatibility test, the excipient screening test and the drug quality control test showed that the formulation had stable quality and uniform properties under the test conditions. Two studies were conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetics of the compound product in pigs. First, the pharmacokinetics of the AMO-RSE powder were compared with those of their respective single products. The results showed no significant change in the main pharmacokinetic parameters when either component was removed from the compound formulation; thus, AMO and RSE have no pharmacokinetic interaction in pigs. Second, pigs were orally administered three different doses of AMO-RSE powder. The Cmax and AUC increased proportionally with increasing p.o. dose; thus, the λz, t1/2λ, MRT, and Tmax were unchanged for the doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg AMO and the doses of 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg BCL, showing that AMO/baicalin in AMO-RSE powder showed linear pharmacokinetic characteristics in pigs. CONCLUSIONS The combined drug sensitivity test of AMO and RSE against S. aureus showed that the combination was additive or synergistic. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that AMO and BCL do not interfere with each other in pigs when used in a compound formulation. The pharmacokinetic parameters remained unchanged regardless of the dose for p.o. administration, indicating linear pharmacokinetic properties over the tested dose range. The quality of the AMO-RSE powder was good and stable, providing a foundation for its clinical application in veterinary medicine. Further bioavailability, PK/PD and clinical trials are still needed to determine the final dosage regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Room 124, 100 Daxue Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Room 124, 100 Daxue Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Room 124, 100 Daxue Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, P. R. China
| | - Yangfeng Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Room 124, 100 Daxue Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, P. R. China
| | - Xin Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Room 124, 100 Daxue Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Room 124, 100 Daxue Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, P. R. China
| | - Liqin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Room 124, 100 Daxue Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, P. R. China
| | - Qiuling Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Room 124, 100 Daxue Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, P. R. China
| | - Zhengmin Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Room 124, 100 Daxue Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Peng
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Agricultural Vocational College, Nanning, 530007, P. R. China
| | - Jiakang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Room 124, 100 Daxue Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, P. R. China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China.
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China.
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Hu Q, Hou S, Xiong B, Wen Y, Wang J, Zeng J, Ma X, Wang F. Therapeutic Effects of Baicalin on Diseases Related to Gut-Brain Axis Dysfunctions. Molecules 2023; 28:6501. [PMID: 37764277 PMCID: PMC10535911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is an active area of research. Several representative diseases, including central nervous system disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression), metabolic disorders (obesity-related diseases), and intestinal disorders (inflammatory bowel disease and dysbiosis), are associated with the dysfunctional gut-brain axis. Baicalin, a bioactive flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, is reported to exert various pharmacological effects. This narrative review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and potential targets of baicalin in disorders of the gut-brain axis. Baicalin protects the central nervous system through anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-neuronal apoptotic effects, suppresses obesity through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and alleviates intestinal disorders through regulatory effects on intestinal microorganisms and short-chain fatty acid production. The bioactivities of baicalin are mediated through the gut-brain axis. This review comprehensively summarizes the regulatory role of baicalin in gut-brain axis disorders, laying a foundation for future research, although further confirmatory basic research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Q.H.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Shuyu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Q.H.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Baoyi Xiong
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China;
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China;
| | - Jundong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Q.H.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Q.H.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
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